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Silveira BKS, Silva AD, Rocha DMUP, Waskow K, Martino HSD, Bressan J, Hermsdorff HHM. Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) Consumption in Energy-Restricted Intervention Decreases Proinflammatory Markers and Intestinal Permeability of Women with Overweight/Obesity: A Controlled Trial (Brazilian Nuts Study). J Nutr 2024; 154:2670-2679. [PMID: 39025334 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and increased intestinal permeability (IP). The Brazil nut (BN) (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) appears to be a promising dietary intervention to control inflammation by enhancing antioxidant defenses. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess the effect of daily BN consumption on inflammatory biomarkers and IP in the context of an energy-restricted intervention. Furthermore, we evaluated the correlation between the changes in these inflammatory markers and the changes in serum selenium and IP. METHODS In this 8-wk nonrandomized controlled trial, 56 women with overweight or obesity were allocated into 2 groups, both following an energy-restricted diet (-500 kcal/d). The control group (CO) consumed a nut-free diet, while the BN group consumed 8 g BN/d, providing 347.2 μg selenium (Se). Inflammatory cytokines were analyzed in plasma and Se in serum. IP was assessed using the lactulose/mannitol test (LM ratio). RESULTS Forty-six women completed the intervention. Both groups achieved similar energy restriction (CO Δ= -253.7 ± 169.4 kcal/d; BN Δ= -265.8 ± 141.8 kcal/d) and weight loss (CO Δ= -2.5 ± 0.5 kg; BN Δ= -3.5 ± 0.5 kg). The BN group showed lower values of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)1-β, IL-8, percentage lactulose excretion, and LM ratio than the CO group. Additionally, changes in serum Se concentration were predictive of changes in IL-8 concentration (β: -0.054; adjusted R2: 0.100; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.100; -0.007; P = 0.025), and changes in IL-8 were predictive of changes in the LM ratio (β: 0.006; adjusted R2: 0.101; 95% CI: 0.001, 0.011; P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS Regular intake of BNs can be a promising complementary dietary strategy for controlling low-grade inflammation and improving IP in women with overweight/obesity undergoing energy-restricted treatment. However, the effects of BNs seem to be Se status-dependent. This trial was registered at the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3ntxrm/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Alessandra da Silva
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Daniela Mayumi Usuda Prado Rocha
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Karina Waskow
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Josefina Bressan
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff
- Laboratory of Energy Metabolism and Body Composition, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; Laboratory of Clinical Analysis and Genomics, Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil.
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Alehagen U, Aaseth J, Schomburg L, Larsson A, Opstad T, Alexander J. Selenoprotein P increases upon selenium and coenzyme Q 10 supplementation and is associated with telomere length, quality of life and reduced inflammation and mortality. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:403-413. [PMID: 38960007 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenoprotein P (SELENOP) transports selenium to extrahepatic tissues and is a biomarker of selenium status. Low soil selenium leads to low dietary selenium intake. A consequence is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE To investigate clinical aspects associated with SELENOP deficiency, including biomarkers of inflammation, quality of life, and mortality within 12 years, and the effect of dietary selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation on SELENOP. METHODS SELENOP was determined at inclusion and after four years of supplementation in 403 elderly community-living participants low in selenium receiving selenium yeast (200 μg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/day), or placebo. Pre-intervention, the average serum selenium level was 67 μg/L. T-tests, repeated measures of variance, Cox proportional regressions analyses, Kaplan-Meier graphs and ANCOVA analyses were applied. Associations with biomarkers of inflammation, telomere length, quality of life and mortality were investigated. Benchmark modelling was used to determine the serum selenium concentration at which the saturation levels of SELENOP and GPx3 was achieved. Comparison with GPx3 and serum selenium to identify increased mortality risk was performed, and the effect of supplementation on SELENOP levels were evaluated. RESULTS Inverse associations were observed between the level of SELENOP at inclusion and biomarkers for inflammation. At follow-up, shorter telomere lengths were seen in those with low levels of SELENOP at inclusion, whereas high levels of SELENOP were associated with better quality of life and decreased mortality. SELENOP had increased prognostic power compared to GPx3 and selenium. Saturation of SELENOP was achieved at a serum selenium level of 146 μg/L, and for GPx3 at 99 μg/L. Supplementation induced higher levels of SELENOP. CONCLUSION Significant associations between SELENOP and inflammation, length of telomeres, quality of life, and mortality were observed. Thus, selenium supplementation improved SELENOP expression, thereby facilitating systemic selenium bioavailability and resulting in the observed positive health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - J Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2381, Brumunddal, Norway.
| | - L Schomburg
- Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, D-10115, Berlin, Germany.
| | - A Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Trine Opstad
- Oslo Center for Clinical Heart Research - Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - J Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403, Oslo, Norway.
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Li C, Peng X, Zheng J, Shi K, Qin L, Yang Q, Wang Z, Liu Y, Huang L. Comprehensive Insights into the Health Effects of Selenium Exposure and Supplementation Among the Chinese Community Middle-Aged and Elderly: a Combined Retrospective Cohort Study and Intervention Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:3517-3528. [PMID: 37996719 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03963-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for maintaining human health, for example, plays a crucial role in preventing aging-related diseases. However, most studies on the health effects of Se among the community middle-aged and elderly have been observational or the health indices were single, and the related study among the Chinese population is limited. Additionally, China is recognized as among the countries facing a significant deficiency in Se, and Se contents in the human body may decrease with age. Therefore, a two-step study was conducted to explore the health effects of Se exposure and supplementation among such populations in China. Firstly, a retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the health outcomes between such populations residing in Se-rich regions and non-Se-rich regions, involving a total of 102 subjects, with 51 residing in Se-rich regions and 51 in non-Se-rich regions. The hair-Se (H-Se) contents, serum-Se (S-Se) contents, and total cholesterol of subjects from Se-rich regions were significantly higher than their counterparts. Notably, significant positive associations were observed between S-Se and lipids. Secondly, a before-after self-control Se supplementation study among subjects residing in non-Se-rich regions was conducted. A total of 40 subjects administered Se tablets orally for 30 days, with Se of 120 μg/day. The results showed significant increases in H-Se and S-Se. Se supplementation also exhibited positive effects on alanine aminotransferase, homocysteine, and fasting glucose; however, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased. Overall, the community middle-aged and elderly residing in Se-rich regions or receiving quantitative Se supplementation could effectively improve Se contents in bodies and certain health indices, excluding lipids. These improvements encompass liver function, cardiovascular health, and glucose metabolism. These findings enhance our understanding of how Se impacts the health of the middle-aged and elderly, emphasizing the significance of targeted interventions for such populations in non-Se-rich regions. Trial registration: ChiCTR2000040987 ( https://www.chictr.org.cn ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiangwen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jiayang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kexin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liqiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhangmin Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
- Jiangsu Bio-Engineering Research Center for Selenium, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Development and Utilization Center of Selenium Resources in Yichun City, Jiangxi Province, Yichun, 336000, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Nanjing University (Suzhou) High-Tech Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Ames PR, Arcaro A, D'Andrea G, Marottoli V, Iannaccone L, Maraglione M, Gentile F. Homozygous MTHFR C667T carriers ≤45 years old develop central retinal vein occlusion five years earlier than wild type. Ophthalmic Genet 2024; 45:378-383. [PMID: 38390741 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2024.2318612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess age at 1st central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in carriers ≤ 45 years old of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C667T genotype compared to heterozygous and wild type, and to identify predictors of age at CRVO. METHODS Retrospective cohort study consisting of 18 MTHFR TT, 23 MTHFR TC and 28 MTHFR CC participants; information regarding age, sex, age at CRVO, history of dyslipidaemia, hypertension, smoking and plasma HC measured by immunoassay were collected. RESULTS Age at CRVO was lower in MTHFR TT than MTHFR TC and CC (32 ± 6 vs 38 ± 5 vs 37 ± 6 years, respectively, p = 0.005); plasma HC was higher in MTHFR TT than in the other genotypes [14.4 (10.8, 19.6) vs 10.4 ((8.6,12.5) vs 8.5 ((7.5,9.8) μmol/l, p = 0.0002). Smoking (cigarettes/day) independently predicted age at CRVO (p = 0.039) and plasma HC (p = 0.005); smoking status (yes/no) predicted ischemic CRVO (p = 0.01) that was more common in the MTHFR TT group (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS Carriers of the MTHFR TT genotype ≤ 45 years old develop their 1st CRVO on average 5 years earlier than the MTHFR CC genotype; smoking contributes to the prematurity and severity of CRVO in MTHFR TT carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Rj Ames
- Immune Response & Vascular Disease Unit, NOVA Medical School/Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Dumfries & Galloway Royal Infirmary, Dumfries, UK
| | - Alessia Arcaro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences'V. Tiberio' University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giovanna D'Andrea
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | | | - Maurizio Maraglione
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gentile
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences'V. Tiberio' University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Xiao S, Wang Z, Zuo R, Zhou Y, Wang Z, Chen T, Liu N. Association of serum five heavy metals level with all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a large population-based cohort study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2024; 59:130-154. [PMID: 38613167 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2024.2339776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore the association between five heavy metals exposure (Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Manganese, and Selenium) and mortality [all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer-related]. We integrated the data into the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018 years. A total of 16,092 participants were recruited. The link between heavy metals exposure and mortality was analyzed by constructing a restricted cubic spline (RCS) curve, Cox proportional hazard regression model, and subgroup analysis. The RCS curve was used to show a positive linear relationship between Cadmium, Lead, and all-cause mortality. In contrast, there was a negative linear correlation between Mercury and all-cause mortality. Additionally, Manganese and Selenium also had a J-shaped and L-shaped link with all-cause mortality. The positive linear, positive linear, negative liner, J-shaped, and L-shaped relationships were observed for Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Manganese, and Selenium and CVD mortality, respectively. Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, and Selenium were observed to exhibit positive linear, U-shaped, negative linear, and L-shaped relationships with cancer-related mortality, respectively. There was an increase and then a decrease in the link between Manganese and cancer-related morality. This study revealed the correlation between the content of different elements and different types of mortality in the U.S. general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjue Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ronghua Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yufei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongkai Wang
- Department of Radiology, Center of Interventional Radiology & Vascular Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Naifeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Li S, Ding J, Sun X, Feng L, Zhou W, Gui Z, Mao J. Selenium Concentration Is Positively Associated with Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Triglyceride Glucose-Body Mass Index in Adults: Data from NHANES 2011-2018. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:401-409. [PMID: 37145256 PMCID: PMC10764531 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03684-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Compiling evidence supports that selenium plays a vital role in glucose metabolism. Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and triglyceride-glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI) are commonly used in epidemiologic studies to evaluate insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. This study is aimed to investigate the association between whole blood selenium concentration and TyG and TyG-BMI. A total of 6290 participants (age ≥ 20 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2018 were included. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the association between blood selenium quartiles and TyG and TyG-BMI. Subgroup analysis stratified by diabetes status was also performed. The adjusted model showed a positive association between TyG and blood selenium concentration (β [95%CI] = 0.099 [0.063, 0.134], p < 0.001) and TyG-BMI (β [95%CI] = 3.185 [2.102, 4.268], p < 0.001). The association persisted after stratification by diabetes status (p < 0.001). Participants were stratified into four quartiles based on selenium concentration (Q1: 1.08-2.24 μmol/L, Q2: 2.25-2.42 μmol/L, Q3: 2.43-2.62 µmol/L, Q4: 2.63-8.08). Compared with the Q1 group, TyG in the Q3 and Q4 groups was significantly higher (β = 0.075 [95%CI 0.039 to 0.112] and β = 0.140 [95%CI 0.103 to 0.176], respectively). Additionally, TyG-BMI in the Q2, Q3, and Q4 groups was higher than that in the Q1 group (β = 1.189 [95%CI 0.065 to 2.314], β = 2.325 [95%CI 1.204 to 3.446], and β = 4.322 [95%CI 3.210 to 5.435], respectively). Blood level of selenium was positively associated with TyG and TyG-BMI, indicating that excessive blood selenium may be associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Li
- Department of Health Management Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Department of Health Management Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- Department of Health Management Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Li Feng
- Department of Health Management Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Weihong Zhou
- Department of Health Management Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China.
| | - Zhen Gui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Jiangfeng Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Bjørklund G, Semenova Y, Gasmi A, Indika NLR, Hrynovets I, Lysiuk R, Lenchyk L, Uryr T, Yeromina H, Peana M. Coenzyme Q 10 for Enhancing Physical Activity and Extending the Human Life Cycle. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:1804-1817. [PMID: 36852817 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230228103913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an enzyme family that plays a crucial role in maintaining the electron transport chain and antioxidant defense. CoQ10 is the most common form of CoQ in humans. A deficiency of CoQ10 occurs naturally with aging and may contribute to the development or progression of many diseases. Besides, certain drugs, in particular, statins and bisphosphonates, interfere with the enzymes responsible for CoQ10 biosynthesis and, thus, lead to CoQ10 deficiency. OBJECTIVES This article aims to evaluate the cumulative studies and insights on the topic of CoQ10 functions in human health, focusing on a potential role in maintaining physical activity and extending the life cycle. RESULTS Although supplementation with CoQ10 offers many benefits to patients with cardiovascular disease, it appears to add little value to patients suffering from statin-associated muscular symptoms. This may be attributed to substantial heterogeneity in doses and treatment regimens used. CONCLUSION Therefore, there is a need for further studies involving a greater number of patients to clarify the benefits of adjuvant therapy with CoQ10 in a range of health conditions and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Department of Surgery, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Ihor Hrynovets
- Department of Drug Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies and Quality of Medicines, Institute for Advanced Training of Pharmacy Specialists, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Taras Uryr
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Hanna Yeromina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies and Quality of Medicines, Institute for Advanced Training of Pharmacy Specialists, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
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Alexander J, Olsen AK. Selenium - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10320. [PMID: 38187789 PMCID: PMC10770655 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element in humans, critical to the normal physiology in all animal species. The main form of selenium in food is selenomethionine, selenocysteine and a variety of organic compounds, while inorganic salts mainly occur in food supplements. In animals and humans, selenium occurs as selenocysteine in selenoproteins encoded by 25 genes (specific selenium pool). Several selenoproteins are part of the antioxidant enzyme system and serve as oxido-reductases and in thyroid hormone regulation. SelenoproteinP (SELENOP) transports selenium to peripheral tissues, is the main plasma selenoprotein, and has been used as biomarker of selenium status and intake. SELENOP in plasma represents a saturable pool of selenium and is maximised at a selenium concentration in plasma of about 110 µg/L or an intake of selenomethionine at about 1.2 µg/kg body weight in adults. In Finland, with an estimated selenium intake of 88 µg/day in men and 68 µg/day in women, the average selenium concentration in plasma is about 110 µg/L. Imported wheat from selenium rich areas is an important dietary source in Norway. Dietary intakes in the Nordic and Baltic area vary from 39 to 88 µg/day in men and 22 to 68 µg/day in women, the highest levels were from Finland. Most intervention trials on the effect of selenium supplementation on health outcomes have been carried out in 'selenium-replete'-populations and show no beneficial effect, which from a nutritional point of view would rather not be expected. Some intervention studies conducted in populations low in selenium have showed a beneficial effect. Observational studies suggest an inverse relationship between selenium status and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer and all-cause mortality, and some other outcomes at low levels of intake (<55 µg/day) or in plasma or serum (<100 µg/L). However, a lack of quantitative data and inconsistencies between studies precludes these studies to be used to derive dietary reference values. At high intakes above 330 to 450 µg/day selenium may cause toxic effects affecting liver, peripheral nerves, skin, nails, and hair. An upper tolerable level (UL) of 255 µg selenium/day in adults was established by EFSA.
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Fladerer JP, Grollitsch S. Comparison of Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) and Reduced Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinol) as Supplement to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease and Reduce Cardiovascular Mortality. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:1759-1767. [PMID: 37971634 PMCID: PMC10811087 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01992-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Heart failure has been defined as a global pandemic leading to millions of deaths. Recent research clearly approved the beneficial effect of Coenzyme Q10 supplementation in treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with heart failure in clinical trials but did not distinguish between the oxidised form CoQ10 and reduced form CoQH2 of Coenzyme Q10. The aim of this study is to determine differences in medical application of CoQ10 and CoQH2 supplementation and evaluate the efficacy of CoQ10 and CoQH2 supplementation to prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with heart failure. RECENT FINDINGS A PubMed search for the terms "ubiquinone" and "ubiquinol" was conducted, and 28 clinical trials were included. Our findings go along with the biochemical description of CoQ10 and CoQH2, recording cardiovascular benefits for CoQ10 and antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties for CoQH2. Our main outcomes are the following: (I) CoQ10 supplementation reduced cardiovascular death in patients with heart failure. This is not reported for CoQH2. (II) Test concentrations leading to cardiovascular benefits are much lower in CoQ10 studies than in CoQH2 studies. (III) Positive long-term effects reducing cardiovascular mortality are only observed in CoQ10 studies. Based on the existing literature, the authors recommend CoQ10 instead of CoQH2 to treat and prevent cardiovascular disease in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes-Paul Fladerer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Beethovenstraße 8, 8010, Graz, Austria.
- Apomedica Pharmazeutische Produkte GmbH, Roseggerkai 3, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Selina Grollitsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, Beethovenstraße 8, 8010, Graz, Austria
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Khurana A, Allawadhi P, Singh V, Khurana I, Yadav P, Sathua KB, Allwadhi S, Banothu AK, Navik U, Bharani KK. Antimicrobial and anti-viral effects of selenium nanoparticles and selenoprotein based strategies: COVID-19 and beyond. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023; 86:104663. [PMID: 37362903 PMCID: PMC10249347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency of selenium (Se) has been described in a significant number of COVID-19 patients having a higher incidence of mortality, which makes it a pertinent issue to be addressed clinically for effective management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) provide a unique option for managing the havoc caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. SeNPs possess promising anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects by virtue of their nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-stimulator of activated B cells (NFκB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) modulatory activity. In addition, SeNPs possess remarkable immunomodulatory effects, making them a suitable option for supplementation with a much lower risk of toxicity compared to their elemental counterpart. Further, SeNPs have been shown to curtail viral and microbial infections, thus, making it a novel means to halt viral growth. In addition, it can be administered in the form of aerosol spray, direct injection, or infused thin-film transdermal patches to reduce the spread of this highly contagious viral infection. Moreover, a considerable decrease in the expression of selenoprotein along with enhanced expression of IL-6 in COVID-19 suggests a potential association among selenoprotein expression and COVID-19. In this review, we highlight the unique antimicrobial and antiviral properties of SeNPs and the immunomodulatory potential of selenoproteins. We provide the rationale behind their potentially interesting properties and further exploration in the context of microbial and viral infections. Further, the importance of selenoproteins and their role in maintaining a successful immune response along with their association to Se status is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Khurana
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, PVNRTVU, Telangana, India
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Warangal, 506166, PVNRTVU, Telangana, India
| | - Prince Allawadhi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vishakha Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Isha Khurana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Poonam Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Kshirod Bihari Sathua
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Konark Marine Drive Road, Puri, 752002, Odisha, India
| | - Sachin Allwadhi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology (UIET), Maharshi Dayanand University (MDU), Rohtak, 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Anil Kumar Banothu
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, PVNRTVU, Telangana, India
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Kala Kumar Bharani
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science (CVSc), Warangal, 506166, PVNRTVU, Telangana, India
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Opstad TB, Alexander J, Aaseth J, Larsson A, Seljeflot I, Alehagen U. Increased SIRT1 Concentration Following Four Years of Selenium and Q 10 Intervention Associated with Reduced Cardiovascular Mortality at 10-Year Follow-Up-Sub-Study of a Previous Prospective Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030759. [PMID: 36979007 PMCID: PMC10045001 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Selenium and coenzyme Q10 (SeQ10) possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, potentially mediated via Sirtuin1 (SIRT1). We aimed to investigate the influence of a SeQ10 intervention on SIRT1 concentration, with potential interactions with microRNAs. Methods: In this sub-study of a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, healthy subjects (mean age 76 years) were randomized to receive an active treatment (n = 165, combined 200 µg/day of Se and 200 mg/day of Q10) or a placebo (n = 161). SIRT1 concentration and microRNAs were measured with ELISA and PCR, respectively. Results: After four years, SIRT1 concentration was increased in the active treatment group, with mean (SD) ng/mL of 469 (436) vs. 252 (162), p < 0.001, and decreased in the placebo group, 190 (186) vs. 269 (172), p = 0.002, and the differences between the groups were significant (p = 0.006, adjusted). Those who suffered CV death during a 10-year follow-up (n = 25 and n = 52 in the active treatment and placebo groups, respectively) had significantly lower baseline SIRT1 concentrations compared to the survivors (p < 0.001). MiR-130a-3p was significantly downregulated during the intervention and correlated inversely with SIRT1 at baseline (r = -0.466, p = 0.007). Conclusion: The increased SIRT1 concentration after the SeQ10 intervention associated with reduced CV mortality, partly mediated via miR-1303a-3p, suggests that SIRT1 is an additional mediator of the intervention, preventing vascular ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Baur Opstad
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, P.O. Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0370 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222, Skøyen, N-0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, N-2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, N-2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, P.O. Box 4950, Nydalen, N-0424 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, N-0370 Oslo, Norway
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden
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12
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Sun Y, Wang Z, Gong P, Yao W, Ba Q, Wang H. Review on the health-promoting effect of adequate selenium status. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1136458. [PMID: 37006921 PMCID: PMC10060562 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1136458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential microelement involved in various biological processes. Selenium deficiency increases the risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection, cancer, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory bowel disease. Selenium possesses anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, and intestinal microbiota-regulating properties. The non-linear dose-response relationship between selenium status and health effects is U-shaped; individuals with low baseline selenium levels may benefit from supplementation, whereas those with acceptable or high selenium levels may face possible health hazards. Selenium supplementation is beneficial in various populations and conditions; however, given its small safety window, the safety of selenium supplementation is still a subject of debate. This review summarizes the current understanding of the health-promoting effects of selenium on the human body, the dietary reference intake, and evidence of the association between selenium deficiency and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
- Pin Gong,
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
- Wenbo Yao,
| | - Qian Ba
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Qian Ba,
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wang,
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13
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Chhitij T, Seo JE, Keum T, Noh G, Bashyal S, Lamichhane S, Kim JH, Lee JH, Park JH, Choi J, Song SH, Lee S. Optimized self-microemulsifying drug delivery system improves the oral bioavailability and brain delivery of coenzyme Q 10. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2330-2342. [PMID: 35850616 PMCID: PMC9848412 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2100515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aimed to develop a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system for the poorly aqueous-soluble drug Coenzyme Q10, to improve the dissolution and the oral bioavailability. Excipients were selected based on their Coenzyme Q10 solubility, and their concentrations were set for the optimization of the microemulsion by using a D-optimal mixture design to achieve a minimum droplet size and a maximum solubility of Coenzyme Q10 within 15 min. The optimized formulation was composed of an oil (omega-3; 38.55%), a co-surfactant (Lauroglycol® 90; 31.42%), and a surfactant (Gelucire® 44/14; 30%) and exhibited a mean droplet size of 237.6 ± 5.8 nm and a drug solubilization (at 15 min) of 16 ± 2.48%. The drug dissolution of the optimized formulation conducted over 8 h in phosphate buffer medium (pH 6.8) was significantly higher when compared to that of the Coenzyme Q10 suspension. A pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed a 4.5-fold and a 4.1-fold increase in the area under curve and the peak plasma concentration values generated by the optimized formulation respectively, as compared to the Coenzyme Q10 suspension. A Coenzyme Q10 brain distribution study revealed a higher Coenzyme Q10 distribution in the brains of rats treated with the optimized formulation than the Coenzyme Q10 suspension. Coenzyme Q10-loaded self microemulsifying drug delivery system was successfully formulated and optimized by a response surface methodology based on a D-optimal mixture design and could be used as a delivery vehicle for the enhancement of the oral bioavailability and brain distribution of poorly soluble drugs such as Coenzyme Q10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thapa Chhitij
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo-Eun Seo
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekwang Keum
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyubin Noh
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Santosh Bashyal
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shrawani Lamichhane
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Kim
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Heon Lee
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hun Park
- R&D Center, Korean Drug Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewoong Choi
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,R&D Center, Korean Drug Co., Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungsung University, Busan, 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkil Lee
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Republic of Korea,Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,CONTACT Sangkil Lee Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, 1095 Dalgubeol-daero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu42601, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-53-580-6655, FAX: +82-53-580-5164
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14
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Gutiérrez-Bedmar M, Gil F, Olmedo P, Ruiz-Canela M, Martínez-González MÁ, Salas-Salvadó J, Babio N, Fitó M, Del Val García JL, Corella D, Sorlí JV, Ros E, Fiol M, Estruch R, Santos-Lozano JM, Arós F, Serra-Majem L, Pintó X, Gómez-Gracia E, Muñoz-Bravo C. Serum Selenium and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Trial: Nested Case-Control Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11226664. [PMID: 36431140 PMCID: PMC9692990 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Selenium is an essential trace mineral with potential interest for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention owing to its antioxidant properties. Epidemiological data on selenium status and CVD remain inconsistent. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether low serum selenium (SSe) concentrations are related to an increased risk of a first CVD event in a population at high cardiovascular risk. Methods: We undertook a case-control study nested within the “PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea” (PREDIMED) trial. A total of 207 participants diagnosed with CVD (myocardial infarction, stroke, or cardiovascular death) during the follow-up period (2003−2010) were matched by sex, age, and intervention group to 436 controls by incidence density sampling. Median time between serum sample collection and subsequent CVD event occurrence was 0.94 years. SSe levels were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. Covariates were assessed through validated questionnaires, in-person interviews, and medical record reviews. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs). Results: Among women, the mean SSe concentration was lower in cases than in controls (98.5 μg/L vs. 103.8 μg/L; p = 0.016). In controls, SSe levels were directly associated with percentage of total energy intake from proteins and fish intake (p for linear trend < 0.001 and 0.049, respectively), whereas SSe concentrations were inversely associated with age, body mass index, and percentage of total energy intake from carbohydrates (p for linear trend < 0.001, 0.008 and 0.016 respectively). In the total group, we observed an inverse dose−response gradient between SSe levels and risk of CVD in the fully-adjusted model (highest vs. lowest quartile: OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.27−0.81; ptrend = 0.003). Conclusions: Among elderly individuals at high cardiovascular risk, high SSe concentrations within population reference values are associated with lower first CVD incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Gutiérrez-Bedmar
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- CIBERCV Cardiovascular Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Fernando Gil
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology, and Physical Anthropology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Olmedo
- Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology, and Physical Anthropology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Nancy Babio
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Hospital Universitari San Joan de Reus, 43201 Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Institute for Medical Research (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Luís Del Val García
- Unitat d’Avaluació, Sistemes d’Informació i Qualitat (BASIQ), Gerència Territorial Atenció Primària Barcelona Ciutat, Institut Català de la Salut, 08029 Barcelona, Spain
- Fundació Institut Universitari per a la Recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol I Gurina (IDIAPJGol), 08007 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - José V. Sorlí
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Hospital Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Santos-Lozano
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Research Unit, Department of Family Medicine, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, 41010 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Txagorritxu, 01009 Vitoria, Spain
| | - Lluís Serra-Majem
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35016 Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBEROBN Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, FIPEC, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gracia
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Carlos Muñoz-Bravo
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Malaga, Spain
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15
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Gasmi A, Bjørklund G, Mujawdiya PK, Semenova Y, Piscopo S, Peana M. Coenzyme Q 10 in aging and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3907-3919. [PMID: 36300654 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2137724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is an essential component of the electron transport chain. It also acts as an antioxidant in cellular membranes. It can be endogenously produced in all cells by a specialized mitochondrial pathway. CoQ10 deficiency, which can result from aging or insufficient enzyme function, has been considered to increase oxidative stress. Some drugs, including statins and bisphosphonates, often used by older individuals, can interfere with enzymes responsible for endogenous CoQ10 synthesis. Oral supplementation with high doses of CoQ10 can increase both its circulating and intracellular levels and several clinical trials observed that its administration provided beneficial effects on different disorders such as cardiovascular disease and inflammation which have been associated with low CoQ10 levels and high oxidative stress. Moreover, CoQ10 has been suggested as a promising therapeutic agent to prevent and slow the progression of other diseases including metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, neurodegenerative and male infertility. However, there is still a need for further studies and well-designed clinical trials involving a large number of participants undergoing longer treatments to assess the benefits of CoQ10 for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Gasmi
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway
| | | | - Yuliya Semenova
- Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Salva Piscopo
- Société Francophone de Nutrithérapie et de Nutrigénétique Appliquée, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Massimiliano Peana
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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16
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Opstad TB, Alexander J, Aaseth JO, Larsson A, Seljeflot I, Alehagen U. Selenium and Coenzyme Q 10 Intervention Prevents Telomere Attrition, with Association to Reduced Cardiovascular Mortality-Sub-Study of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163346. [PMID: 36014852 PMCID: PMC9412367 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Short telomeres have been associated with ageing and cardiovascular disease. The influence on leukocyte telomere length (LTL) of long-term intervention with combined selenium and coenzyme Q10 is unknown. Our aim was to determine whether 42 months of selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation prevented telomere attrition and further cardiovascular mortality. The investigation is an explorative sub-study of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Swedish citizens low in selenium (n = 118), aged 70−80 years, were included. Intervention time was 4 years, with 10 years’ follow-up time. LTL was relatively quantified with PCR at baseline and after 42 months. At baseline, LTL (SD) was 0.954 (0.260) in the active treatment group and 1.018 (0.317) in the placebo group (p = 0.23). At 42 months, less shortening of LTL was observed after active treatment compared with placebo (+0.019 vs. −0.129, respectively, p = 0.02), with a significant difference in change basing the analysis on individual changes in LTL (p < 0.001). Subjects suffering future death presented with significantly shorter LTL at 42 months than survivors [0.791 (0.190) vs. 0.941 (0.279), p = 0.01], with a significant difference in change of LTL according to cardiovascular mortality and survival (p = 0.03). To conclude, preservation of LTL after selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine Baur Opstad
- Centre for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan O. Aaseth
- Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Centre for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
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17
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Bomer N, Pavez-Giani MG, Grote Beverborg N, Cleland JGF, van Veldhuisen DJ, van der Meer P. Micronutrient deficiencies in heart failure: Mitochondrial dysfunction as a common pathophysiological mechanism? J Intern Med 2022; 291:713-731. [PMID: 35137472 PMCID: PMC9303299 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is a devastating clinical syndrome, but current therapies are unable to abolish the disease burden. New strategies to treat or prevent heart failure are urgently needed. Over the past decades, a clear relationship has been established between poor cardiac performance and metabolic perturbations, including deficits in substrate uptake and utilization, reduction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and excessive reactive oxygen species production. Together, these perturbations result in progressive depletion of cardiac adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and cardiac energy deprivation. Increasing the delivery of energy substrates (e.g., fatty acids, glucose, ketones) to the mitochondria will be worthless if the mitochondria are unable to turn these energy substrates into fuel. Micronutrients (including coenzyme Q10, zinc, copper, selenium and iron) are required to efficiently convert macronutrients to ATP. However, up to 50% of patients with heart failure are deficient in one or more micronutrients in cross-sectional studies. Micronutrient deficiency has a high impact on mitochondrial energy production and should be considered an additional factor in the heart failure equation, moving our view of the failing myocardium away from an "an engine out of fuel" to "a defective engine on a path to self-destruction." This summary of evidence suggests that supplementation with micronutrients-preferably as a package rather than singly-might be a potential therapeutic strategy in the treatment of heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mario G Pavez-Giani
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John G F Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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18
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Alehagen U, Johansson P, Svensson E, Aaseth J, Alexander J. Improved cardiovascular health by supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10: applying structural equation modelling (SEM) to clinical outcomes and biomarkers to explore underlying mechanisms in a prospective randomized double-blind placebo-controlled intervention project in Sweden. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3135-3148. [PMID: 35381849 PMCID: PMC9363287 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02876-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Selenium and coenzyme Q10 have synergistic antioxidant functions. In a four-year supplemental trial in elderly Swedes with a low selenium status, we found improved cardiac function, less cardiac wall tension and reduced cardiovascular mortality up to 12 years of follow-up. Here we briefly review the main results, including those from studies on biomarkers related to cardiovascular risk that were subsequently conducted. In an effort, to explain underlying mechanisms, we conducted a structured analysis of the inter-relationship between biomarkers. Methods Selenium yeast (200 µg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/ day), or placebo was given to 443 elderly community-living persons, for 48 months. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to investigate the statistical inter-relationships between biomarkers related to inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin-like growth factor 1, expression of microRNA, fibrosis, and endothelial dysfunction and their impact on the clinical effects. The main study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov at 30th of September 2011, and has the identifier NCT01443780. Results In addition to positive clinical effects, the intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10 was also associated with favourable effects on biomarkers of cardiovascular risk. Using these results in the SEM model, we showed that the weights of the first-order factors inflammation and oxidative stress were high, together forming a second-order factor inflammation/oxidative stress influencing the factors, fibrosis (β = 0.74; p < 0.001) and myocardium (β = 0.65; p < 0.001). According to the model, the intervention impacted fibrosis and myocardium through these factors, resulting in improved cardiac function and reduced CV mortality. Conclusion Selenium reduced inflammation and oxidative stress. According to the SEM analysis, these effects reduced fibrosis and improved myocardial function pointing to the importance of supplementation in those low on selenium and coenzyme Q10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Peter Johansson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 601 74, Norrköping, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2381, Brumunddal, Norway.,Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2418, Elverum, Norway
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403, Oslo, Norway
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Alcântara DB, Dionísio AP, Artur AG, Silveira BKS, Lopes AF, Guedes JAC, Luz LR, Nascimento RF, Lopes GS, Hermsdorff HHM, Zocolo GJ. Selenium in Brazil nuts: An overview of agronomical aspects, recent trends in analytical chemistry, and health outcomes. Food Chem 2022; 372:131207. [PMID: 34634585 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Se is an essential element in mammals. We review how its bioavailability in soil and the ability of plants to accumulate Se in foods depends on the soil Se profile (including levels and formats), besides to describe how the various selenoproteins have important biochemical functions in the body and directly impact human health. Owing to its favorable characteristics, the scientific community has investigated selenomethionine in most nut matrices. Among nuts, Brazil nuts have been highlighted as one of the richest sources of bioavailable Se. We summarize the most commonly used analytical methods for Se species and total Se determination in nuts. We also discuss the chemical forms of Se metabolized by mammals, human biochemistry and health outcomes from daily dietary intake of Se from Brazil nuts. These findings may facilitate the understanding of the importance of adequate dietary Se intake and enable researchers to define methods to determine Se species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Alcântara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ana P Dionísio
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Dra Sara Mesquita St., 2270, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Adriana G Artur
- Department of Soil Science, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Brenda K S Silveira
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Amanda F Lopes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jhonyson A C Guedes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lícia R Luz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo F Nascimento
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gisele S Lopes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Helen H M Hermsdorff
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Guilherme J Zocolo
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Dra Sara Mesquita St., 2270, 60511-110 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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20
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Alehagen U, Aaseth J, Larsson A, Alexander J. Decreased Concentration of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF-23) as a Result of Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q 10 in an Elderly Swedish Population: A Sub-Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030509. [PMID: 35159318 PMCID: PMC8834214 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a reduced intake of selenium in many countries due to low levels of selenium in the soil. This results in an increased cardiovascular risk. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) is active mainly in the metabolism of vitamin D and phosphorus. However, there are indications that FGF-23 may also provide information both on cardiovascular function and prognosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 on the FGF-23 concentration in an elderly population with low concentrations of both selenium and coenzyme Q10 and in which the supplementation improved cardiac function and mortality. In a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial, FGF-23 was measured in 219 individuals at the start and after 48 months. Selenium yeast (200 µg/day) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg/day) (n = 118) or placebo (n = 101) were given as a dietary supplement. The intervention time was 48 months. t-Tests, repeated measures of variance, and ANCOVA analyses were used to evaluate the differences in FGF-23 concentration. Following supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10, a significantly lower level of FGF-23 could be seen (p = 0.01). Applying 10 years of follow-up, those who later died a cardiovascular death had a significantly higher FGF-23 concentration after 48 months compared with those who survived (p = 0.036), and a significantly lower FGF-23 concentration could be seen in those with a normal renal function compared to those with an impaired renal function (p = 0.027). Supplementation with selenium and coenzyme Q10 to an elderly community-living population low in both substances prevented an increase of FGF-23 and also provided a reduced cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 81 85 Linköping, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-10-103-0000
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway;
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway;
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Barchielli G, Capperucci A, Tanini D. The Role of Selenium in Pathologies: An Updated Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020251. [PMID: 35204134 PMCID: PMC8868242 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential microelement required for a number of biological functions. Selenium—and more specifically the amino acid selenocysteine—is present in at least 25 human selenoproteins involved in a wide variety of essential biological functions, ranging from the regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration to the biosynthesis of hormones. These processes also play a central role in preventing and modulating the clinical outcome of several diseases, including cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, mental disorders, cardiovascular disorders, fertility impairments, inflammation, and infections (including SARS-CoV-2). Over the past years, a number of studies focusing on the relationship between selenium and such pathologies have been reported. Generally, an adequate selenium nutritional state—and in some cases selenium supplementation—have been related to improved prognostic outcome and reduced risk of developing several diseases. On the other hand, supra-nutritional levels might have adverse effects. The results of recent studies focusing on these topics are summarized and discussed in this review, with particular emphasis on advances achieved in the last decade.
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22
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Yang T, Lee SY, Park KC, Park SH, Chung J, Lee S. The Effects of Selenium on Bone Health: From Element to Therapeutics. Molecules 2022; 27:392. [PMID: 35056706 PMCID: PMC8780783 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis, characterized by low bone mass and a disruption of bone microarchitecture, is traditionally treated using drugs or lifestyle modifications. Recently, several preclinical and clinical studies have investigated the effects of selenium on bone health, although the results are controversial. Selenium, an important trace element, is required for selenoprotein synthesis and acts crucially for proper growth and skeletal development. However, the intake of an optimum amount of selenium is critical, as both selenium deficiency and toxicity are hazardous for health. In this review, we have systematically analyzed the existing literature in this field to determine whether dietary or serum selenium concentrations are associated with bone health. In addition, the mode of administration of selenium as a supplement for treating bone disease is important. We have also highlighted the importance of using green-synthesized selenium nanoparticles as therapeutics for bone disease. Novel nanobiotechnology will be a bridgehead for clinical applications of trace elements and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeyoung Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea; (T.Y.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - So-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea; (T.Y.); (S.-Y.L.)
| | - Kyung-Chae Park
- Health Promotion Center, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea;
| | - Sin-Hyung Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Bucheon-si 14584, Korea;
| | - Jaiwoo Chung
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea;
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea;
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Impact of Selenium on Biomarkers and Clinical Aspects Related to Ageing. A Review. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11101478. [PMID: 34680111 PMCID: PMC8533247 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential dietary trace element that plays an important role in the prevention of inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, infections, and cancer. Selenoproteins contain selenocysteine in the active center and include, i.a., the enzymes thioredoxin reductases (TXNRD1–3), glutathione peroxidases (GPX1–4 and GPX6) and methionine sulfoxide reductase, involved in immune functions, metabolic homeostasis, and antioxidant defense. Ageing is an inevitable process, which, i.a., involves an imbalance between antioxidative defense and reactive oxygen species (ROS), changes in protein and mitochondrial renewal, telomere attrition, cellular senescence, epigenetic alterations, and stem cell exhaustion. These conditions are associated with mild to moderate inflammation, which always accompanies the process of ageing and age-related diseases. In older individuals, Se, by being a component in protective enzymes, operates by decreasing ROS-mediated inflammation, removing misfolded proteins, decreasing DNA damage, and promoting telomere length. Se-dependent GPX1–4 and TXNRD1–3 directly suppress oxidative stress. Selenoprotein H in the cell nucleus protects DNA, and selenoproteins residing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) assist in the removal of misfolded proteins and protection against ER stress. In this review, we highlight the role of adequate Se status for human ageing and prevention of age-related diseases, and further its proposed role in preservation of telomere length in middle-aged and elderly individuals.
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Holanda MT, Mediano MF, Hasslocher-Moreno AM, Gonzaga BM, Carvalho ACC, Ferreira RR, Garzoni LR, Pereira-Silva FS, Pimentel LO, Mendes MO, Azevedo MJ, Britto C, Moreira OC, Fernandes AG, Santos CM, Constermani J, Paravidino VB, Maciel ER, Carneiro FM, Xavier SS, Sperandio da Silva GM, Santos PF, Veloso HH, Brasil PE, de Sousa AS, Bonecini-de-Almeida MG, da Silva PS, Sangenis LHC, Saraiva RM, Araujo-Jorge TC. Effects of Selenium treatment on cardiac function in Chagas heart disease: Results from the STCC randomized Trial. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 40:101105. [PMID: 34485877 PMCID: PMC8406152 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease (caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection) evolves to chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) affecting 1.8 million people worldwide. This is the first randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, clinical trial designed to estimate efficacy and safety of selenium (Se) treatment in CCC. METHODS 66 patients with CCC stages B1 (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] > 45% and no heart failure; n = 54) or B2 (LVEF < 45% and no heart failure; n = 12) were randomly assigned to receive 100 mcg/day sodium selenite (Se, n = 32) or placebo (Pla, n = 34) for one year (study period: May 2014-September 2018). LVEF changes over time and adverse effects were investigated. Trial registration number: NCT00875173 (clinicaltrials.gov). FINDINGS No significant differences between the two groups were observed for the primary outcome: mean LVEF after 6 (β= +1.1 p = 0.51 for Se vs Pla) and 12 months (β= +2.1; p = 0.23). In a subgroup analysis, statistically significant longitudinal changes were observed for mean LVEF in the stage B2 subgroup (β= +10.1; p = 0.02 for Se [n = 4] vs Pla [n = 8]). Se treatment was safe for CCC patients, and the few adverse effects observed were similarly distributed across the two groups. INTERPRETATION Se treatment did not improve cardiac function (evaluated from LVEF) in CCC. However, in the subgroup of patients at B2 stage, a potential beneficial influence of Se was observed. Complementary studies are necessary to explore diverse Se dose and/or associations in different CCC stages (B2 and C), as well as in A and B1 stages with longer follow-up. FUNDING Brazilian Ministry of Health, Fiocruz, CNPq, FAPERJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo T. Holanda
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Mauro F.F. Mediano
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Alejandro M. Hasslocher-Moreno
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M.S. Gonzaga
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Anna Cristina C. Carvalho
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Roberto R. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Luciana R. Garzoni
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S. Pereira-Silva
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Luis O. Pimentel
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Marcelo O. Mendes
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Marcos J. Azevedo
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Constança Britto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LABIMDOE-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Leonidas Deane, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Otacilio C. Moreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LABIMDOE-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Leonidas Deane, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Alice G. Fernandes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LABIMDOE-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Leonidas Deane, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Carolina M. Santos
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LABIMDOE-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Leonidas Deane, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Constermani
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Endemic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LABIMDOE-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Leonidas Deane, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Vitor B. Paravidino
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Social Medicine, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, Pavilhão João Lyra Filho, 7° andar / blocos D e E, Maracanã, Rio de Janeiro 20550-013, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Naval Academy, Avenida Almirante Silvio de Noronha, s/n, Castelo, Rio de Janeiro 20021-010, Brazil
| | - Erica R. Maciel
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M. Carneiro
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Sérgio S. Xavier
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Gilberto M. Sperandio da Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Priscila F. Santos
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Henrique H. Veloso
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Pedro E.A.A. Brasil
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Andrea S. de Sousa
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Maria G. Bonecini-de-Almeida
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Paula S. da Silva
- Nutrition Service, Evandro Chagas Hospital, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique C. Sangenis
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Roberto M. Saraiva
- Laboratory of Clinical Research in Chagas Disease, Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INI), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Tania C. Araujo-Jorge
- Laboratory of Innovations in Therapies, Education and Bioproducts, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (LITEB-IOC/Fiocruz), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Avenida Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Pavilhão Cardoso Fontes, Sala 64, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil
- Corresponding author at: Laboratório de Inovações em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Pav. Cardoso Fontes, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21040-900, Brasil.
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Nenseth HZ, Sahu A, Saatcioglu F, Osguthorpe S. A Nutraceutical Formula Is Effective in Raising the Circulating Vitamin and Mineral Levels in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Trial. Front Nutr 2021; 8:703394. [PMID: 34540877 PMCID: PMC8440802 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.703394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low levels of nutrient intake are common in industrialized countries. This has negative implications on health and is associated with chronic diseases. Supplementation of vitamins, minerals, and key nutrients to optimal levels may, therefore, be beneficial for individual health and for the health economy. Although the use of supplements has become very common, due to a lack of monitoring, there is very limited data on the efficacy of supplementation with different formulas. In this study, we present the results of a randomized controlled study on the efficacy of a novel formulated nutraceutical, N247, in 250 healthy volunteers aged 26-75 years and a placebo control group (n = 35). The broad-spectrum formulation of N247 includes essential vitamins, minerals, and trace elements that are adequately balanced in regard to synergies and related metabolic functions. Moreover, tolerance, safety, and nutrient availability is an important aspect of daily, long-term use of N247. After 3 months of regular N247 use, levels of vitamins and minerals in serum were significantly increased in the N247 group compared with the control group and a placebo group, with excellent compliance rates. Coupled with additional natural ingredients that aim to increase the potency of the nutrients, N247 may represent a novel and beneficial supplement for individuals with nutritional deficiencies. Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier: NCT04054505.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aparna Sahu
- Turiyan Psyneuronics Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore, India
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Skrajnowska D, Brumer M, Kankowska S, Matysek M, Miazio N, Bobrowska-Korczak B. Covid 19: Diet Composition and Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:2980. [PMID: 34578858 PMCID: PMC8472186 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The cumulative number of cases reported globally is now nearly 197 million and the number of cumulative deaths is 4.2 million (26 July to 1 August 2021). Currently we are focusing primarily on keeping a safe distance from others, washing our hands, and wearing masks, and the question of the effects of diet and diet-dependent risk factors remains outside the center of attention. Nevertheless, numerous studies indicate that diet can play an important role in the course of COVID-19. In this paper, based on select scientific reports, we discuss the structure and replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors, dietary standards for sick patients, and the roles of the microbiome and dietary components supporting the immune system in preventing COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (D.S.); (M.B.); (S.K.); (M.M.); (N.M.)
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Navas P, Cascajo MV, Alcázar-Fabra M, Hernández-Camacho JD, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Rodríguez ABC, Ballesteros-Simarro M, Arroyo-Luque A, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Fernández-Ayala DJM, Brea-Calvo G, López-Lluch G, Santos-Ocaña C. Secondary CoQ 10 deficiency, bioenergetics unbalance in disease and aging. Biofactors 2021; 47:551-569. [PMID: 33878238 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10 ) deficiency is a rare disease characterized by a decreased accumulation of CoQ10 in cell membranes. Considering that CoQ10 synthesis and most of its functions are carried out in mitochondria, CoQ10 deficiency cases are usually considered a mitochondrial disease. A relevant feature of CoQ10 deficiency is that it is the only mitochondrial disease with a successful therapy available, the CoQ10 supplementation. Defects in components of the synthesis machinery caused by mutations in COQ genes generate the primary deficiency of CoQ10 . Mutations in genes that are not directly related to the synthesis machinery cause secondary deficiency. Cases of CoQ10 deficiency without genetic origin are also considered a secondary deficiency. Both types of deficiency can lead to similar clinical manifestations, but the knowledge about primary deficiency is deeper than secondary. However, secondary deficiency cases may be underestimated since many of their clinical manifestations are shared with other pathologies. This review shows the current state of secondary CoQ10 deficiency, which could be even more relevant than primary deficiency for clinical activity. The analysis covers the fundamental features of CoQ10 deficiency, which are necessary to understand the biological and clinical differences between primary and secondary CoQ10 deficiencies. Further, a more in-depth analysis of CoQ10 secondary deficiency was undertaken to consider its origins, introduce a new way of classification, and include aging as a form of secondary deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María V Cascajo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Alcázar-Fabra
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan D Hernández-Camacho
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Cortés Rodríguez
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Ballesteros-Simarro
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Arroyo-Luque
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Celular y Bioenergética, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel J M Fernández-Ayala
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo López-Lluch
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, Spain
- CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Al-Mubarak AA, van der Meer P, Bomer N. Selenium, Selenoproteins, and Heart Failure: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:122-131. [PMID: 33835398 PMCID: PMC8163712 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00511-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW (Mal-)nutrition of micronutrients, like selenium, has great impact on the human heart and improper micronutrient intake was observed in 30-50% of patients with heart failure. Low selenium levels have been reported in Europe and Asia and thought to be causal for Keshan disease. Selenium is an essential micronutrient that is needed for enzymatic activity of the 25 so-called selenoproteins, which have a broad range of activities. In this review, we aim to summarize the current evidence about selenium in heart failure and to provide insights about the potential mechanisms that can be modulated by selenoproteins. RECENT FINDINGS Suboptimal selenium levels (<100 μg/L) are prevalent in more than 70% of patients with heart failure and were associated with lower exercise capacity, lower quality of life, and worse prognosis. Small clinical trials assessing selenium supplementation in patients with HF showed improvement of clinical symptoms (NYHA class), left ventricular ejection fraction, and lipid profile, while governmental interventional programs in endemic areas have significantly decreased the incidence of Keshan disease. In addition, several selenoproteins are found impaired in suboptimal selenium conditions, potentially aggravating underlying mechanisms like oxidative stress, inflammation, and thyroid hormone insufficiency. While the current evidence is not sufficient to advocate selenium supplementation in patients with heart failure, there is a clear need for high level evidence to show whether treatment with selenium has a place in the contemporary treatment of patients with HF to improve meaningful clinical endpoints. Graphical summary summarizing the potential beneficial effects of the various selenoproteins, locally in cardiac tissues and systemically in the rest of the body. In short, several selenoproteins contribute in protecting the integrity of the mitochondria. By doing so, they contribute indirectly to reducing the oxidative stress as well as improving the functionality of immune cells, which are in particular vulnerable to oxidative stress. Several other selenoproteins are directly involved in antioxidative pathways, next to excreting anti-inflammatory effects. Similarly, some selenoproteins are located in the endoplasmic reticulum, playing roles in protein folding. With exception of the protection of the mitochondria and the reduction of oxidative stress, other effects are not yet investigated in cardiac tissues. The systemic effects of selenoproteins might not be limited to these mechanisms, but also may include modulation of endothelial function, protection skeletal muscles, in addition to thyroid metabolism. ABBREVIATIONS DIO, iodothyronine deiodinase; GPx, glutathione peroxidase; MsrB2, methionine-R-sulfoxide reductase B2; SELENOK, selenoprotein K; SELENON, selenoprotein N; SELENOP, selenoprotein P; SELENOS, selenoprotein S; SELENOT, selenoprotein T; TXNRD, thioredoxin reductase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Al-Mubarak
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nils Bomer
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, UMCG Post-zone AB43, P.O. Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Hu W, Zhao C, Hu H, Yin S. Food Sources of Selenium and Its Relationship with Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051739. [PMID: 34065478 PMCID: PMC8160805 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for mammals, and its deficiency seriously threatens human health. A series of biofortification strategies have been developed to produce Se-enriched foods for combating Se deficiency. Although there have been some inconsistent results, extensive evidence has suggested that Se supplementation is beneficial for preventing and treating several chronic diseases. Understanding the association between Se and chronic diseases is essential for guiding clinical practice, developing effective public health policies, and ultimately counteracting health issues associated with Se deficiency. The current review will discuss the food sources of Se, biofortification strategies, metabolism and biological activities, clinical disorders and dietary reference intakes, as well as the relationship between Se and health outcomes, especially cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic inflammation, cancer, and fertility. Additionally, some concepts were proposed, there is a non-linear U-shaped dose-responsive relationship between Se status and health effects: subjects with a low baseline Se status can benefit from Se supplementation, while Se supplementation in populations with an adequate or high status may potentially increase the risk of some diseases. In addition, at supra-nutritional levels, methylated Se compounds exerted more promising cancer chemo-preventive efficacy in preclinical trials.
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Rabanal-Ruiz Y, Llanos-González E, Alcain FJ. The Use of Coenzyme Q10 in Cardiovascular Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050755. [PMID: 34068578 PMCID: PMC8151454 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CoQ10 is an endogenous antioxidant produced in all cells that plays an essential role in energy metabolism and antioxidant protection. CoQ10 distribution is not uniform among different organs, and the highest concentration is observed in the heart, though its levels decrease with age. Advanced age is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and endothelial dysfunction triggered by oxidative stress that impairs mitochondrial bioenergetic and reduces NO bioavailability, thus affecting vasodilatation. The rationale of the use of CoQ10 in cardiovascular diseases is that the loss of contractile function due to an energy depletion status in the mitochondria and reduced levels of NO for vasodilatation has been associated with low endogenous CoQ10 levels. Clinical evidence shows that CoQ10 supplementation for prolonged periods is safe, well-tolerated and significantly increases the concentration of CoQ10 in plasma up to 3–5 µg/mL. CoQ10 supplementation reduces oxidative stress and mortality from cardiovascular causes and improves clinical outcome in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery, prevents the accumulation of oxLDL in arteries, decreases vascular stiffness and hypertension, improves endothelial dysfunction by reducing the source of ROS in the vascular system and increases the NO levels for vasodilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (Y.R.-R.); (E.L.-G.)
- Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Emilio Llanos-González
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (Y.R.-R.); (E.L.-G.)
- Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Alcain
- Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (Y.R.-R.); (E.L.-G.)
- Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Regional Centre for Biomedical Research CRIB, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Walsh JS, Jacques RM, Schomburg L, Hill TR, Mathers JC, Williams GR, Eastell R. Effect of selenium supplementation on musculoskeletal health in older women: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2021; 2:e212-e221. [PMID: 33842907 PMCID: PMC8020713 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(21)00051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational and preclinical studies show associations between selenium status, bone health, and physical function. Most adults in Europe have serum selenium below the optimum range. We hypothesised that selenium supplementation could reduce pro-resorptive actions of reactive oxygen species on osteoclasts and improve physical function. METHODS We completed a 6-month randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. We recruited postmenopausal women older than 55 years with osteopenia or osteoporosis at the Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK. Participants were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive selenite 200 μg, 50 μg, or placebo orally once per day. Medication was supplied to the site blinded and numbered by a block randomisation sequence with a block size of 18, and participants were allocated medication in numerical order. All participants and study team were masked to treatment allocation. The primary endpoint was urine N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx, expressed as ratio to creatinine) at 26 weeks. Analysis included all randomly assigned participants who completed follow-up. Groups were compared with analysis of covariance with Hochberg testing. Secondary endpoints were other biochemical markers of bone turnover, bone mineral density, short physical performance battery, and grip strength. Mechanistic endpoints were glutathione peroxidase, highly sensitive C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6. This trial is registered with EU clinical trials, EudraCT 2016-002964-15, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02832648, and is complete. FINDINGS 120 participants were recruited between Jan 23, 2017, and April 11, 2018, and randomly assigned to selenite 200 μg, 50 μg, or placebo (n=40 per group). 115 (96%) of 120 participants completed follow-up and were included in the primary analysis (200 μg [n=39], 50 μg [n=39], placebo [n=37]). Median follow-up was 25·0 weeks (IQR 24·7-26·0). In the 200 μg group, mean serum selenium increased from 78·8 (95% CI 73·5-84·2) to 105·7 μg/L (99·5-111·9). Urine NTx to creatinine ratio (nmol bone collagen equivalent:mmol creatinine) did not differ significantly between treatment groups at 26 weeks: 40·5 (95% CI 34·9-47·0) for placebo, 43·4 (37·4-50·5) for 50 μg, and 42·2 (37·5-47·6) for 200 μg. None of the secondary or mechanistic endpoint measurements differed between treatment groups at 26 weeks. Seven (6%) of 120 participants were withdrawn from treatment at week 13 due to abnormal thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations (one in the 200 μg group, three in the 50 μg group, and three in the placebo group) and abnormal blood glucose (one in the 50 μg group). There were three serious adverse events: a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction at week 18 (in the 50 μg group), a diagnosis of bowel cancer after routine population screening at week 2 (in the placebo group), and a pulmonary embolus due to metastatic bowel cancer at week 4 (in the 200 μg group). All severe adverse events were judged by the principal investigator as unrelated to trial medication. INTERPRETATION Selenium supplementation at these doses does not affect musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women. FUNDING UK National Institute for Health Research Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Walsh
- Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Sheffield, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Richard M Jacques
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Institut für Experimentelle Endokrinologie, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom R Hill
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Science Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Graham R Williams
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Eastell
- Mellanby Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Sheffield, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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McCarty MF. Nutraceutical, Dietary, and Lifestyle Options for Prevention and Treatment of Ventricular Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073321. [PMID: 33805039 PMCID: PMC8037104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although well documented drug therapies are available for the management of ventricular hypertrophy (VH) and heart failure (HF), most patients nonetheless experience a downhill course, and further therapeutic measures are needed. Nutraceutical, dietary, and lifestyle measures may have particular merit in this regard, as they are currently available, relatively safe and inexpensive, and can lend themselves to primary prevention as well. A consideration of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the VH/HF syndrome suggests that measures which control oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, that support effective nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide bioactivity, that prevent a reduction in cardiomyocyte pH, and that boost the production of protective hormones, such as fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), while suppressing fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and marinobufagenin, may have utility for preventing and controlling this syndrome. Agents considered in this essay include phycocyanobilin, N-acetylcysteine, lipoic acid, ferulic acid, zinc, selenium, ubiquinol, astaxanthin, melatonin, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, berberine, citrulline, high-dose folate, cocoa flavanols, hawthorn extract, dietary nitrate, high-dose biotin, soy isoflavones, taurine, carnitine, magnesium orotate, EPA-rich fish oil, glycine, and copper. The potential advantages of whole-food plant-based diets, moderation in salt intake, avoidance of phosphate additives, and regular exercise training and sauna sessions are also discussed. There should be considerable scope for the development of functional foods and supplements which make it more convenient and affordable for patients to consume complementary combinations of the agents discussed here. Research Strategy: Key word searching of PubMed was employed to locate the research papers whose findings are cited in this essay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity Foundation, 811 B Nahant Ct., San Diego, CA 92109, USA
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Villalba JM, Navas P. Regulation of coenzyme Q biosynthesis pathway in eukaryotes. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:312-323. [PMID: 33549646 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coenzyme Q (CoQ, ubiquinone/ubiquinol) is a ubiquitous and unique molecule that drives electrons in mitochondrial respiratory chain and an obligatory step for multiple metabolic pathways in aerobic metabolism. Alteration of CoQ biosynthesis or its redox stage are causing mitochondrial dysfunctions as hallmark of heterogeneous disorders as mitochondrial/metabolic, cardiovascular, and age-associated diseases. Regulation of CoQ biosynthesis pathway is demonstrated to affect all steps of proteins production of this pathway, posttranslational modifications and protein-protein-lipid interactions inside mitochondria. There is a bi-directional relationship between CoQ and the epigenome in which not only the CoQ status determines the epigenetic regulation of many genes, but CoQ biosynthesis is also a target for epigenetic regulation, which adds another layer of complexity to the many pathways by which CoQ levels are regulated by environmental and developmental signals to fulfill its functions in eukaryotic aerobic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Spain
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide-CSIC-JA, Sevilla, 41013, Spain.
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ, Lerner A. A Fundamental Role for Oxidants and Intracellular Calcium Signals in Alzheimer's Pathogenesis-And How a Comprehensive Antioxidant Strategy May Aid Prevention of This Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2140. [PMID: 33669995 PMCID: PMC7926325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and increased cytoplasmic calcium are key mediators of the detrimental effects on neuronal function and survival in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathways whereby these perturbations arise, and then prevent dendritic spine formation, promote tau hyperphosphorylation, further amplify amyloid β generation, and induce neuronal apoptosis, are described. A comprehensive program of nutraceutical supplementation, comprised of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor phycocyanobilin, phase two inducers, the mitochondrial antioxidant astaxanthin, and the glutathione precursor N-acetylcysteine, may have important potential for antagonizing the toxic effects of amyloid β on neurons and thereby aiding prevention of AD. Moreover, nutraceutical antioxidant strategies may oppose the adverse impact of amyloid β oligomers on astrocyte clearance of glutamate, and on the ability of brain capillaries to export amyloid β monomers/oligomers from the brain. Antioxidants, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and vitamin D, have potential for suppressing microglial production of interleukin-1β, which potentiates the neurotoxicity of amyloid β. Epidemiology suggests that a health-promoting lifestyle, incorporating a prudent diet, regular vigorous exercise, and other feasible measures, can cut the high risk for AD among the elderly by up to 60%. Conceivably, complementing such lifestyle measures with long-term adherence to the sort of nutraceutical regimen outlined here may drive down risk for AD even further.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer 5262000, Israel
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Panico A, Tumolo MR, Leo CG, Donno AD, Grassi T, Bagordo F, Serio F, Idolo A, Masi RD, Mincarone P, Sabina S. The influence of lifestyle factors on miRNA expression and signal pathways: a review. Epigenomics 2020; 13:145-164. [PMID: 33355508 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2020-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The term 'lifestyle' includes different factors that contribute to the maintenance of a good health status. Increasing evidences suggest that lifestyle factors may influence epigenetic mechanisms, such as miRNAs expression. The dysregulation of miRNAs can modify the expression of genes and molecular pathways that may lead to functional alterations. This review summarizes human studies highlighting that diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption may affect the miRNA machinery and several biological functions. Most miRNAs are involved in molecular pathways that influence inflammation, cell cycle regulation and carcinogenesis resulting in the onset or progression of pathological conditions. Investigating these interactions will be pivotal for understanding the etiology of pathologic processes, the potential new treatment strategies and for preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Panico
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences & Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Maria R Tumolo
- Institute for Research on Population & Social Policies, National Research Council, Research Unit of Brindisi, c/o ex Osp. Di Summa, Piazza Di Summa, Brindisi, 72100, Italy
| | - Carlo G Leo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Branch of Lecce, c/o Ecotekne via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Antonella De Donno
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences & Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Tiziana Grassi
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences & Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Francesco Bagordo
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences & Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Francesca Serio
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences & Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Adele Idolo
- Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences & Technology, University of Salento, via Monteroni 165, Lecce, 73100, Italy
| | - Roberto De Masi
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Multiple Sclerosis Centre, 'F. Ferrari' Hospital, Casarano, Lecce, 73042, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Mincarone
- Institute for Research on Population & Social Policies, National Research Council, Research Unit of Brindisi, c/o ex Osp. Di Summa, Piazza Di Summa, Brindisi, 72100, Italy
| | - Saverio Sabina
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Branch of Lecce, c/o Ecotekne via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy
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Zhang TG, Zhao YL, Li L, Zhou DH. Antagonistic effects of nano-selenium on broilers hepatic injury induced by Cr (VI) poisoning in AMPK pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:41585-41595. [PMID: 32691314 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08501-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cr (chromium, with common valence states of III and VI) is one of the common broiler feed additives. Liver injury and metabolic disorders could be caused by Cr(VI) (hexavalent chromium) poisoning in broilers. Oxidative damage and metabolic disorders of organisms caused by heavy metals could be antagonized by nano-Se (nano-selenium). Nano-Se was chosen to study the antagonism of Cr(VI) poisoning in broilers. AMPK (Adenosine 5,-monophosphate-activated protein kinase) is known as a "cell energy regulator" and plays a key regulatory role in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. AMPK pathway and ACACA/CPT1A two genes were selected to study the prevention and treatment of nano-Se on Cr(VI) poisoning in broilers and its molecular mechanism. For this purpose, 180 1-day-old AA (Arbor Acres) broilers were selected and randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 30) for further testing. After feeding as planned for 35 days, the livers of such broilers were taken for further examination including histopathological examination, differential gene expression analysis, and further validation on both mRNA and protein levels using related techniques like RT-qPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The histopathological examination suggested that the liver cells of the Cr(VI) poisoning group were more severely injured than the nano-Se addition group. RT-qPCR results showed that the relative expression of ACACA gene in the Cr(VI) poisoning group was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the CPT1A gene's expression was significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Those results were reversed in the nano-Se addition group. Western blot results were consistent with RT-qPCR and both suggested antagonism of nano-Se on Cr(VI). Through morphological and histopathological observation, as well as the measurement of the mRNA and protein expression levels of ACACA and CPT1A genes in AMPK pathway, it was confirmed that nano-Se has certain preventive and protective effects on Cr(VI) poisoning in broiler chickens. Furthermore, the adverse effects of Cr(VI) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in broilers can be antagonized by nano-Se through AMPK pathway. A new method and experimental basis were provided to the future study of Cr(VI) poisoning in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Guang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clinical medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ya-Li Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clinical medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Lei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clinical medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dong-Hai Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary clinical medicine laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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The Relevance of Selenium Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103007. [PMID: 33007934 PMCID: PMC7601319 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and inflammatory disease that can cause joint damage. Among the environmental risk factors, diet plays an important role because it can aggravate or attenuate inflammation. Selenium (Se) is considered an essential trace element since it is a structural component of antioxidant enzymes; however, its concentration can be affected by diet, drugs and genetic polymorphisms. Studies have reported that RA patients have a deficient diet in some food groups that is associated with parameters of disease activity. Furthermore, it has been shown that there is an alteration in serum Se levels in this population. Although some clinical trials have been conducted in the past to analyze the effect of Se supplementation in RA, no significant results were obtained. Contrastingly, experimental studies that have evaluated the effect of novel Se nanoparticles in RA-induced models have shown promising results on the restoration of antioxidant enzyme levels. In particular, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) is an important selenoprotein that could have a modulating effect on inflammation in RA. Considering that RA patients present an inflammatory and oxidative state, the aim of this review is to give an overview of the current knowledge about the relevance of Se status in RA.
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Kuria A, Tian H, Li M, Wang Y, Aaseth JO, Zang J, Cao Y. Selenium status in the body and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3616-3625. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1803200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongdou Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Li
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Yinhe Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jan Olav Aaseth
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Jiajie Zang
- Department of Nutrition Hygiene, Division of Health Risk Factor Monitoring and Control, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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Alexander J, Tinkov A, Strand TA, Alehagen U, Skalny A, Aaseth J. Early Nutritional Interventions with Zinc, Selenium and Vitamin D for Raising Anti-Viral Resistance Against Progressive COVID-19. Nutrients 2020; 12:E2358. [PMID: 32784601 PMCID: PMC7468884 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) conveys a serious threat globally to health and economy because of a lack of vaccines and specific treatments. A common factor for conditions that predispose for serious progress is a low-grade inflammation, e.g., as seen in metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and heart failure, to which micronutrient deficiencies may contribute. The aim of the present article was to explore the usefulness of early micronutrient intervention, with focus on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, to relieve escalation of COVID-19. METHODS We conducted an online search for articles published in the period 2010-2020 on zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and corona and related virus infections. RESULTS There were a few studies providing direct evidence on associations between zinc, selenium, and vitamin D, and COVID-19. Adequate supply of zinc, selenium, and vitamin D is essential for resistance to other viral infections, immune function, and reduced inflammation. Hence, it is suggested that nutrition intervention securing an adequate status might protect against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - coronavirus-2) and mitigate the course of COVID-19. CONCLUSION We recommended initiation of adequate supplementation in high-risk areas and/or soon after the time of suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2. Subjects in high-risk groups should have high priority as regards this nutritive adjuvant therapy, which should be started prior to administration of specific and supportive medical measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Alexander
- Division of Infection Control and Environment Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 222 Skøyen, 0213 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Alexey Tinkov
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str. 14, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia; (A.T.); (A.S.)
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119146, Russia;
| | - Tor A. Strand
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7804, 5020 Bergen, Norway;
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anatoly Skalny
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioelementology, Yaroslavl State University, Sovetskaya Str. 14, Yaroslavl 150000, Russia; (A.T.); (A.S.)
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119146, Russia;
| | - Jan Aaseth
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Bolshaya Pirogovskaya St., Moscow 119146, Russia;
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, P.O. Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway
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Broman LM, Bernardson A, Bursell K, Wernerman J, Fläring U, Tjäder I. Serum selenium in critically ill patients: Profile and supplementation in a depleted region. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2020; 64:803-809. [PMID: 32153016 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General selenium supplementation to intensive care unit (ICU) patients in regions with selenium-rich soil does not improve outcomes. Still selenium supplementation may reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with low-serum selenium concentration (S-Se) in selenium-poor areas who respond to treatment. The primary aim of this observational study was to investigate S-Se in a selenium-deficient region at time of intensive care admission, and in addition to monitor S-Se during high-dose selenium supplementation for safety. METHODS We measured S-Se in 100 consecutive patients admitted to a tertiary general ICU. After initial sampling, high-dose intravenous (iv) selenium supplementation was administered up to 20 days. RESULTS At admission, in 95% of the cases, S-Se was below the saturation level for selenoenzymes, in 91%, below the Swedish reference level, and in 71%, below the level where selenoenzyme function may be impaired. At day 5 of substitution, all patients still remaining in the ICU (n = 26) were within the range for enzyme function, 12% were below reference, and 24% did not reach full enzymatic saturation. At day 10 and forward, all patients were within target for treatment. No patients were at risk for toxic S-Se concentration. CONCLUSIONS S-Se concentration was substantially lower compared to normal values at ICU admission in this cohort of unselected Swedish critical care patients. Selenium supplementation restituted S-Se to levels corresponding to enzymatic saturation and the Swedish reference interval for all subjects remaining in the ICU on day 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Mikael Broman
- Department of Pediatric Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care ECMO Centre Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anna Bernardson
- Department of Pediatric Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden
| | - Karin Bursell
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Nyköping Hospital Nyköping Sweden
| | - Jan Wernerman
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine CLINTEC Stockholm Sweden
| | - Urban Fläring
- Department of Pediatric Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care ECMO Centre Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Inga Tjäder
- Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Sweden
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Martinefski MR, Rodriguez MR, Buontempo F, Lucangioli SE, Bianciotti LG, Tripodi VP. Coenzyme Q 10 supplementation: A potential therapeutic option for the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173270. [PMID: 32534074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a pregnancy specific liver disease characterized by pruritus, elevated serum bile acids and abnormal liver function that may be associated with severe adverse pregnancy outcomes. We previously reported that plasma coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is decreased in women with ICP as it is its analogue coenzyme Q9 (CoQ9) in rats with ethinyl estradiol (EE)-induced cholestasis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible therapeutic role of CoQ10 in experimental hepatocellular cholestasis and to compare it with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) supplementation. Bile acids, CoQ9, CoQ10, transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, retinol, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, carbonyls, glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase were assessed in plasma, liver and/or hepatic mitochondria in control and cholestatic rats supplemented with CoQ10 (250 mg/kg) administered alone or combined with UDCA (25 mg/kg). CoQ10 supplementation prevented bile flow decline (P < 0.05) and the increase in serum alkaline phosphatase and bile acids, particularly lithocholic acid (P < 0.05) in cholestatic rats. Furthermore, it also improved oxidative stress parameters in the liver, increased both CoQ10 and CoQ9 plasma levels and partially prevented the fall in α-tocopherol (P < 0.05). UDCA also prevented cholestasis, but it was less efficient than CoQ10 to improve the liver redox environment. Combined administration of CoQ10 and UDCA resulted in additive effects. In conclusion, present findings show that CoQ10 supplementation attenuated EE-induced cholestasis by promoting a favorable redox environment in the liver, and further suggest that it may represent an alternative therapeutic option for ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela R Martinefski
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Myrian R Rodriguez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, INIGEM, UBA-CONICET, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina
| | - Fabián Buontempo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia E Lucangioli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina
| | - Liliana G Bianciotti
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, INIGEM, UBA-CONICET, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina.
| | - Valeria P Tripodi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CONICET, Argentina.
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Nutraceutical support in heart failure: a position paper of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP). Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:155-179. [PMID: 32172721 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422420000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome that represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. Several nutraceuticals have shown interesting clinical results in HF prevention as well as in the treatment of the early stages of the disease, alone or in combination with pharmacological therapy. The aim of the present expert opinion position paper is to summarise the available clinical evidence on the role of phytochemicals in HF prevention and/or treatment that might be considered in those patients not treated optimally as well as in those with low therapy adherence. The level of evidence and the strength of recommendation of particular HF treatment options were weighed up and graded according to predefined scales. A systematic search strategy was developed to identify trials in PubMed (January 1970 to June 2019). The terms 'nutraceuticals', 'dietary supplements', 'herbal drug' and 'heart failure' or 'left verntricular dysfunction' were used in the literature search. The experts discussed and agreed on the recommendation levels. Available clinical trials reported that the intake of some nutraceuticals (hawthorn, coenzyme Q10, l-carnitine, d-ribose, carnosine, vitamin D, probiotics, n-3 PUFA and beet nitrates) might be associated with improvements in self-perceived quality of life and/or functional parameters such as left ventricular ejection fraction, stroke volume and cardiac output in HF patients, with minimal or no side effects. Those benefits tended to be greater in earlier HF stages. Available clinical evidence supports the usefulness of supplementation with some nutraceuticals to improve HF management in addition to evidence-based pharmacological therapy.
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Robberecht H, De Bruyne T, Davioud-Charvet E, Mackrill J, Hermans N. Selenium Status in Elderly People: Longevity and Age-Related Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1694-1706. [PMID: 31267854 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701144709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) is a trace element active in selenoproteins, which can regulate oxidative stress. It is generally perceived as an import factor for maintaining health in the elderly. METHODS The goal of this review is to discuss selenium concentration in biological samples, primarily serum or plasma, as a function of age and its relation with longevity. The elemental level in various age-related diseases is reviewed. CONCLUSION Highest selenium values were observed in healthy adults, while in an elderly population significantly lower concentrations were reported. Variables responsible for contradictory findings are mentioned. Risk and benefits of Se-supplementation still remain under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- Research Group NatuRA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tess De Bruyne
- Research Group NatuRA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Davioud-Charvet
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moleculaire et Application (LIMA), UMR7042 CNRSUnistra- UHA, European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials (ECPM), 25, rue Becquerel, F-67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - John Mackrill
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Western Gateway Building, Western Road, Cork, T12XF62, Ireland
| | - Nina Hermans
- Research Group NatuRA, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Chis BA, Chis AF, Muresan A, Fodor D. Q10 Coenzyme Supplementation can Improve Oxidative Stress Response to Exercise in Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 90:33-41. [DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: The metabolic syndrome leads to high morbidity and mortality. Almost all pathological states are associated with oxidative stress (OS) disorders. This study evaluates the effects of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on different lifestyles, in relation to serum and tissue OS parameters. Materials and methods: Twelve Wistar rat groups (10 rats/group) were equally divided in three types of diets: standard (St), high fat (HF), high sugar (HS); within each diet group there was one sedentary group with CoQ10 supplementation (100 mg/kg body weight), one sedentary without CoQ10, one trained group with CoQ10 and one trained group without CoQ10 supplementation. After 28 days blood samples were collected as follows: after 12 hours of fasting (T0), 1 hour postprandial (T1) and after 1 hour of exercise (T2) or sedentary postprandial time (T3). Thiol groups (SH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined from serum and liver homogenate. Results: Significant changes were observed in fasting MDA for HF (p = 0.024 for training, 0.028 for CoQ10). Postprandial, OS status altered, with highest MDA in HF sedentary non-CoQ10 group (3.92 ± 0.37 vs 2.67 ± 0.41 nmol/ml in St trained CoQ10). At T2 the untrained and non-CoQ10 groups had the highest MDA levels (up to 22.3% vs T1, p < 0.001 in HF) as SH dropped (34.4% decrease vs T1, p < 0.001 in HF). At T3 high MDA levels were observed, correlated with low SH (Pearson r = −0.423 overall), irrespective of the CoQ10 supplementation. CoQ10 improved the liver OS status (MDA and SH decreased), but not the exercise, in all diets. Conclusions: CoQ10 supplementation accompanied by chronic exercise improved the OS serum profile, irrespective of the daily diet. CoQ10 lowered liver MDA and SH concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Augustin Chis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Florica Chis
- Department of Pulmonology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Adriana Muresan
- Physiology Dept., Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Fodor
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj Napoca, Romania
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Abstract
The management of heart failure has changed significantly over the last 30 years, leading to improvements in the quality of life and outcomes, at least for patients with a substantially reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF). This has been made possible by the identification of various pathways leading to the development and progression of heart failure, which have been successfully targeted with effective therapies. Meanwhile, many other potential targets of treatment have been identified, and the list is constantly expanding. In this review, we summarise planned and ongoing trials exploring the potential benefit, or harm, of old and new pharmacological interventions that might offer further improvements in treatment for those with HFrEF and extend success to the treatment of patients with heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (HFpEF) and other heart failure phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierpaolo Pellicori
- Robertson Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Muhammad Javed Iqbal Khan
- Robertson Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Fraser John Graham
- Robertson Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - John G F Cleland
- Robertson Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials Unit, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- National Heart & Lung Institute and National Institute of Health Research Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
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46
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Bomer N, Grote Beverborg N, Hoes MF, Streng KW, Vermeer M, Dokter MM, IJmker J, Anker SD, Cleland JGF, Hillege HL, Lang CC, Ng LL, Samani NJ, Tromp J, van Veldhuisen DJ, Touw DJ, Voors AA, van der Meer P. Selenium and outcome in heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 22:1415-1423. [PMID: 31808274 PMCID: PMC7540257 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Severe deficiency of the essential trace element selenium can cause myocardial dysfunction although the mechanism at cellular level is uncertain. Whether, in clinical practice, moderate selenium deficiency is associated with worse symptoms and outcome in patients with heart failure is unknown. Methods and results BIOSTAT‐CHF is a multinational, prospective, observational cohort study that enrolled patients with worsening heart failure. Serum concentrations of selenium were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Primary endpoint was a composite of all‐cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure; secondary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. To investigate potential mechanisms by which selenium deficiency might affect prognosis, human cardiomyocytes were cultured in absence of selenium, and mitochondrial function and oxidative stress were assessed. Serum selenium concentration (deficiency) was <70 μg/L in 485 (20.4%) patients, who were older, more often women, had worse New York Heart Association class, more severe signs and symptoms of heart failure and poorer exercise capacity (6‐min walking test) and quality of life (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire). Selenium deficiency was associated with higher rates of the primary endpoint [hazard ratio (HR) 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.42] and all‐cause mortality (HR 1.52; 95% CI 1.26–1.86). In cultured human cardiomyocytes, selenium deprivation impaired mitochondrial function and oxidative phosphorylation, and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. Conclusions Selenium deficiency in heart failure patients is independently associated with impaired exercise tolerance and a 50% higher mortality rate, and impaired mitochondrial function in vitro, in human cardiomyocytes. Clinical trials are needed to investigate the effect of selenium supplements in patients with heart failure, especially if they have low plasma concentrations of selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Bomer
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels Grote Beverborg
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn F Hoes
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen W Streng
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Vermeer
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin M Dokter
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan IJmker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan D Anker
- BIOSTAT-CHF.,Innovative Clinical Trials, Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Centre Göttingen (UMG), Göttingen, Germany
| | - John G F Cleland
- BIOSTAT-CHF.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, and University of Hull, Kingston-upon-Hull, UK
| | - Hans L Hillege
- BIOSTAT-CHF.,Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chim C Lang
- BIOSTAT-CHF.,School of Medicine Centre for Cardiovascular and Lung Biology, Division of Medical Sciences, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Leong L Ng
- BIOSTAT-CHF.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- BIOSTAT-CHF.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jasper Tromp
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dirk J van Veldhuisen
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,BIOSTAT-CHF.,Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J Touw
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan A Voors
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,BIOSTAT-CHF.,Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Arauna D, Furrianca M, Espinosa-Parrilla Y, Fuentes E, Alarcón M, Palomo I. Natural Bioactive Compounds As Protectors Of Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Cardiovascular Diseases And Aging. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234259. [PMID: 31766727 PMCID: PMC6930637 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet, particularly the Mediterranean diet, has been considered as a protective factor against the development of cardiovascular diseases, the main cause of death in the world. Aging is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, which have an oxidative pathophysiological component, being the mitochondria one of the key organelles in the regulation of oxidative stress. Certain natural bioactive compounds have the ability to regulate oxidative phosphorylation, the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression of mitochondrial proteins; but their efficacy within the mitochondrial physiopathology of cardiovascular diseases has not been clarified yet. The following review has the purpose of evaluating several natural compounds with evidence of mitochondrial effect in cardiovascular disease models, ascertaining the main cellular mechanisms and their potential use as functional foods for prevention of cardiovascular disease and healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Arauna
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
| | - María Furrianca
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Departamento de enfermería, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Yolanda Espinosa-Parrilla
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine —LMM, Center for Education, Healthcare and Investigation—CADI, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
- School of Medicine, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas 6200000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (I.P.)
| | - Marcelo Alarcón
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile; (D.A.); (M.A.)
- Thematic Task Force on Aging, CUECH Research Network, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (M.F.); (Y.E.-P.)
- Correspondence: (E.F.); (I.P.)
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Alehagen U, Johansson P, Aaseth J, Alexander J, Surowiec I, Lundstedt-Enkel K, Lundstedt T. Significant Changes in Metabolic Profiles after Intervention with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 in an Elderly Population. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9100553. [PMID: 31575091 PMCID: PMC6843494 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium and coenzyme Q10 (SeQ10) are important for normal cellular function. Low selenium intake leads to increased cardiovascular mortality. Intervention with these substances with healthy elderly persons over a period of four years in a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled prospective study showed reduced cardiovascular mortality, increased cardiac function, and a lower level of NT-proBNP. Therefore, we wanted to evaluate changes in biochemical pathways as a result of the intervention with SeQ10 using metabolic profiling. From a population of 443 healthy elderly individuals that were given 200 µg selenium and 200 mg coenzyme Q10, or placebo daily for four years, we selected nine males on active intervention and nine males on placebo for metabolic profiling in the main study. To confirm the results, two validation studies (study 1 n = 60 males, study 2 n = 37 males) were conducted. Principal component analyses were used on clinical and demographic data to select representative sets of samples for analysis and to divide the samples into batches for analysis. Gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was applied. The metabolite data were evaluated using univariate and multivariate approaches, mainly T-tests and orthogonal projections to latent structures (OPLS) analyses. Out of 95 identified metabolites, 19 were significantly decreased due to the intervention after 18 months of intervention. Significant changes could be seen in the pentose phosphate, the mevalonate, the beta-oxidation and the xanthine oxidase pathways. The intervention also resulted in changes in the urea cycle, and increases in the levels of the precursors to neurotransmitters of the brain. This adds information to previous published results reporting decreased oxidative stress and inflammation. This is the first-time metabolic profiling has been applied to elucidate the mechanisms behind an intervention with SeQ10. The study is small and should be regarded as hypothesis-generating; however, the results are interesting and, therefore, further research in the area is needed. This study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, with the identifier NCT01443780.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Alehagen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Peter Johansson
- Department of Social and Welfare Studies, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, N-2380 Brumunddal, Norway.
| | - Jan Alexander
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
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Ruiz-León AM, Lapuente M, Estruch R, Casas R. Clinical Advances in Immunonutrition and Atherosclerosis: A Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:837. [PMID: 31068933 PMCID: PMC6491827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease that affects large and medium-sized arteries and is considered to be a major underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The high risk of mortality by atherosclerosis has led to the development of new strategies for disease prevention and management, including immunonutrition. Plant-based dietary patterns, functional foods, dietary supplements, and bioactive compounds such as the Mediterranean Diet, berries, polyunsaturated fatty acids, ω-3 and ω-6, vitamins E, A, C, and D, coenzyme Q10, as well as phytochemicals including isoflavones, stilbenes, and sterols have been associated with improvement in atheroma plaque at an inflammatory level. However, many of these correlations have been obtained in vitro and in experimental animals' models. On one hand, the present review focuses on the evidence obtained from epidemiological, dietary intervention and supplementation studies in humans supporting the role of immunonutrient supplementation and its effect on anti-inflammatory response in atherosclerotic disease. On the other hand, this review also analyzes the possible molecular mechanisms underlying the protective action of these supplements, which may lead a novel therapeutic approach to prevent or attenuate diet-related disease, such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Ruiz-León
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Mediterranean Diet Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Lapuente
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Casas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER 06/03: Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Krysiak R, Szkróbka W, Okopień B. Atorvastatin potentiates the effect of selenomethionine on thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:675-681. [PMID: 30354702 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1541314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In many studies, selenium supplementation decreased serum titers of thyroid antibodies. The aim of the study was to investigate whether statin therapy determines selenium action on thyroid autoimmunity. METHODS This prospective case-control study enrolled 42 euthyroid women with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and normal vitamin D status, 20 of whom had been treated with atorvastatin (40 mg daily) for at least 6 months. All patients received selenomethionine (200 µg daily) for 6 months. Plasma levels of lipids, serum titers of thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb) antibodies, as well as serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were determined at the beginning and at the end of the study. RESULTS At baseline, there were no differences between both treatment arms in plasma lipids, titers of thyroid antibodies, serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Selenometionine decreased titers of TPOAb (from 843 ± 228 to 562 ± 189 U/mL) and TgAb (from 795 ± 286 to 501 ± 216 U/mL) in atorvastatin-treated women, as well as titers of TPOAb (from 892 ± 247 to 705 ± 205 U/mL) and TgAb (from 810 ± 301 to 645 ± 224 U/mL) in statin-naive women. The changes in antibody titers were more pronounced in women receiving atorvastatin (between-group difference: 94 [32-156] [TPOAb]; 129 [52-206] [TgAb]). Treatment-induced changes in TPOAb and TgAb correlated positively with baseline thyroid antibody titers. Circulating levels of lipids, free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D remained at similar levels throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results indicate that the decrease in titers of thyroid antibodies was potentiated by atorvastatin use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology , Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Witold Szkróbka
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology , Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- a Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology , Medical University of Silesia , Katowice , Poland
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