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Marafon BB, Pinto AP, de Sousa Neto IV, da Luz CM, Pauli JR, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, Simabuco FM, Pereira de Moura L, de Freitas EC, Rivas DA, da Silva ASR. The role of interleukin-10 in mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress in aged mice through exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E384-E395. [PMID: 39082901 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00204.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Although unfolded protein response (UPR) is essential for cellular protection, its prolonged activation may induce apoptosis, compromising cellular longevity. The aging process increases the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in skeletal muscle. However, whether combined exercise can prevent age-induced ER stress in skeletal muscle remains unknown. Evidence suggests that ER stress may increase inflammation by counteracting the positive effects of interleukin-10 (IL-10), whereas its administration in cells inhibits ER stress and apoptosis. This study verified the effects of aging and combined exercise on physical performance, ER stress markers, and inflammation in the quadriceps of mice. Moreover, we verified the effects of IL-10 on ER stress markers. C57BL/6 mice were distributed into young (Y, 6 mo old), old sedentary (OS, sedentary, 24 mo old), and old trained group (OT, submitted to short-term combined exercise, 24 mo old). To clarify the role of IL-10 in UPR pathways, knockout mice lacking IL-10 were used. The OS mice presented worse physical performance and higher ER stress-related proteins, such as C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and phospho-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (p-eIF2α/eIF2α). The exercise protocol increased muscle strength and IL-10 protein levels in OT while inducing the downregulation of CHOP protein levels compared with OS. Furthermore, mice lacking IL-10 increased BiP, CHOP, and p-eIF2α/eIF2α protein levels, indicating this cytokine can regulate the ER stress response in skeletal muscle. Bioinformatics analysis showed that endurance and resistance training downregulated DNA damage inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3) and XBP1 gene expression in the vastus lateralis of older people, reinforcing our findings. Thus, combined exercise is a potential therapeutic intervention for promoting adjustments in ER stress markers in aged skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aging elevates endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in skeletal muscle, potentially heightening inflammation by opposing interleukin-10 (IL-10) effects. This study found that short-term combined exercise boosted strength and IL-10 protein levels while reducing CHOP protein levels in older mice. In addition, IL-10-deficient mice exhibited increased ER stress markers, highlighting IL-10's role in regulating ER stress in skeletal muscle. Consequently, combined exercise emerges as a therapeutic intervention to elevate IL-10 and adjust ER stress markers in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Brieda Marafon
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pinto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Mantovani da Luz
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ellen Cristini de Freitas
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirao Preto, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Donato Americo Rivas
- Center for Exercise Medicine Research, Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Virginia Tech Carilion, Roanoke, Virginia, United States
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Xu W, Wang Z, Zhang C, Yang W, Fan L, Sun H. The Liver Circadian Metabolic Homeostasis Influence by Combining Ketogenic Diet with Exercise. Nutrients 2024; 16:2039. [PMID: 38999787 PMCID: PMC11243221 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) and regular exercise (EX) are both capable of orchestrating circadian metabolism homeostasis during losing weight. However, the combined effects of these two factors on circadian metabolism remain poorly understood. To determine if the combined treatment yields a superimposed physiological phenotype, we measured weight loss, white adipose, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heat production, and activity parameters in individual and combined treatment groups. Surprisingly, none of these metrics displayed a cumulative effect when administered in the combined treatment approach. Additionally, we investigated the impact of combination therapy on molecular homeostasis through using high-throughput liver transcriptomic approaches. The results revealed that individual and combined treatments can reprogram the circadian rhythm; yet, the combined group exhibited a minimum quantity of cyclic transcript genes. Noteworthy, the amplitude of 24 h circadian expression genes was not significantly increased in the combination treatment, indicating that the combined approach has non-overlapping effects on maintenance peripheral metabolism homeostasis. This may be due to the liver requiring less ketogenic and gluconeogenic potential during metabolic processes. This research suggests that combined treatment may have adverse effects on the body's homeostasis and provide crucial insights for the homeostatic health of athletes or individuals who wish to lose weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Xu
- Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zishi Wang
- Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Cuican Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention, Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Henan Institute of Reproduction Health Science and Technology, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wenju Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Linchao Fan
- Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Centre for Sport Nutrition and Health, School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Khan MB, Alam H, Siddiqui S, Shaikh MF, Sharma A, Rehman A, Baban B, Arbab AS, Hess DC. Exercise Improves Cerebral Blood Flow and Functional Outcomes in an Experimental Mouse Model of Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID). Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:446-461. [PMID: 36689081 PMCID: PMC10363247 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-023-01124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are a growing threat to public health without any known treatment. The bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mouse model is valid for VCID. Previously, we have reported that remote ischemic postconditioning (RIPostC) during chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) induced by BCAS increases cerebral blood flow (CBF), improves cognitive function, and reduces white matter damage. We hypothesized that physical exercise (EXR) would augment CBF during CCH and prevent cognitive impairment in the BCAS model. BCAS was performed in C57/B6 mice of both sexes to establish CCH. One week after the BCAS surgery, mice were randomized to treadmill exercise once daily or no EXR for four weeks. CBF was monitored with an LSCI pre-, post, and 4 weeks post-BCAS. Cognitive testing was performed for post-BCAS after exercise training, and brain tissue was harvested for histopathology and biochemical test. BCAS led to chronic hypoperfusion resulting in impaired cognitive function and other functional outcomes. Histological examination revealed that BCAS caused changes in neuronal morphology and cell death in the cortex and hippocampus. Immunoblotting showed that BCAS was associated with a significant downregulate of AMPK and pAMPK and NOS3 and pNOS3. BCAS also decreased red blood cell (RBC) deformability. EXR therapy increased and sustained improved CBF and cognitive function, muscular strength, reduced cell death, and loss of white matter. EXR is effective in the BCAS model, improving CBF and cognitive function, reducing white matter damage, improving RBC deformability, and increasing RBC NOS3 and AMPK. The mechanisms by which EXR improves CBF and attenuates tissue damage need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Badruzzaman Khan
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15thStreet, CA 1053, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| | - Haroon Alam
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15thStreet, CA 1053, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Shahneela Siddiqui
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15thStreet, CA 1053, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Muhammad Fasih Shaikh
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15thStreet, CA 1053, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15thStreet, CA 1053, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Amna Rehman
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15thStreet, CA 1053, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Babak Baban
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - David C Hess
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15thStreet, CA 1053, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
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Dial MB, Malek EM, Neblina GA, Cooper AR, Vaslieva NI, Frommer R, Girgis M, Dawn B, McGinnis GR. Effects of time-restricted exercise on activity rhythms and exercise-induced adaptations in the heart. Sci Rep 2024; 14:146. [PMID: 38168503 PMCID: PMC10761674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in the regulation of various physiological processes, including cardiovascular function and metabolism. Exercise provokes numerous beneficial adaptations in heart, including physiological hypertrophy, and serves to shift circadian rhythms. This study investigated the impact of time-restricted exercise training on exercise-induced adaptations in the heart and locomotor activity rhythms. Male mice (n = 45) were allocated to perform voluntary, time-restricted exercise in the early active phase (EAP), late active phase (LAP), or remain sedentary (SED) for 6 weeks. Subsequently, mice were allowed 24-h ad libitum access to the running wheel to assess diurnal rhythms in locomotor activity. Heart weight and cross-sectional area were measured at sacrifice, and cardiac protein and gene expression levels were assessed for markers of mitochondrial abundance and circadian clock gene expression. Mice rapidly adapted to wheel running, with EAP mice exhibiting a significantly greater running distance compared to LAP mice. Time-restricted exercise induced a shift in voluntary wheel activity during the 24-h free access period, with the acrophase in activity being significantly earlier in EAP mice compared to LAP mice. Gene expression analysis revealed a higher expression of Per1 in LAP mice. EAP exercise elicited greater cardiac hypertrophy compared to LAP exercise. These findings suggest that the timing of exercise affects myocardial adaptations, with exercise in the early active phase inducing hypertrophy in the heart. Understanding the time-of-day dependent response to exercise in the heart may have implications for optimizing exercise interventions for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Dial
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Elias M Malek
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Greco A Neblina
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Austin R Cooper
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Nikoleta I Vaslieva
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA
| | - Rebecca Frommer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Magdy Girgis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Graham R McGinnis
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, Bigelow Health Sciences (BHS) Building 323, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA.
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5
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Zhang K, Ma Y, Luo Y, Song Y, Xiong G, Ma Y, Sun X, Kan C. Metabolic diseases and healthy aging: identifying environmental and behavioral risk factors and promoting public health. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1253506. [PMID: 37900047 PMCID: PMC10603303 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1253506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a progressive and irreversible pathophysiological process that manifests as the decline in tissue and cellular functions, along with a significant increase in the risk of various aging-related diseases, including metabolic diseases. While advances in modern medicine have significantly promoted human health and extended human lifespan, metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes among the older adults pose a major challenge to global public health as societies age. Therefore, understanding the complex interaction between risk factors and metabolic diseases is crucial for promoting well-being and healthy aging. This review article explores the environmental and behavioral risk factors associated with metabolic diseases and their impact on healthy aging. The environment, including an obesogenic environment and exposure to environmental toxins, is strongly correlated with the rising prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities. Behavioral factors, such as diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep patterns, significantly influence the risk of metabolic diseases throughout aging. Public health interventions targeting modifiable risk factors can effectively promote healthier lifestyles and prevent metabolic diseases. Collaboration between government agencies, healthcare providers and community organizations is essential for implementing these interventions and creating supportive environments that foster healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Youhong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yixin Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Guoji Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Shin P, Pian Q, Ishikawa H, Hamanaka G, Mandeville ET, Guo S, Fu B, Alfadhel M, Allu SR, Şencan-Eğilmez I, Li B, Ran C, Vinogradov SA, Ayata C, Lo E, Arai K, Devor A, Sakadžić S. Aerobic exercise reverses aging-induced depth-dependent decline in cerebral microcirculation. eLife 2023; 12:e86329. [PMID: 37402178 PMCID: PMC10319437 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for cognitive impairment. Aerobic exercise benefits brain function and may promote cognitive health in older adults. However, underlying biological mechanisms across cerebral gray and white matter are poorly understood. Selective vulnerability of the white matter to small vessel disease and a link between white matter health and cognitive function suggests a potential role for responses in deep cerebral microcirculation. Here, we tested whether aerobic exercise modulates cerebral microcirculatory changes induced by aging. To this end, we carried out a comprehensive quantitative examination of changes in cerebral microvascular physiology in cortical gray and subcortical white matter in mice (3-6 vs. 19-21 months old), and asked whether and how exercise may rescue age-induced deficits. In the sedentary group, aging caused a more severe decline in cerebral microvascular perfusion and oxygenation in deep (infragranular) cortical layers and subcortical white matter compared with superficial (supragranular) cortical layers. Five months of voluntary aerobic exercise partly renormalized microvascular perfusion and oxygenation in aged mice in a depth-dependent manner, and brought these spatial distributions closer to those of young adult sedentary mice. These microcirculatory effects were accompanied by an improvement in cognitive function. Our work demonstrates the selective vulnerability of the deep cortex and subcortical white matter to aging-induced decline in microcirculation, as well as the responsiveness of these regions to aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Shin
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Qi Pian
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Hidehiro Ishikawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Gen Hamanaka
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Emiri T Mandeville
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Buyin Fu
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Mohammed Alfadhel
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Srinivasa Rao Allu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Chemistry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Ikbal Şencan-Eğilmez
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
- Biophotonics Research Center, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Department of Radiology, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Baoqiang Li
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
- Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Sergei A Vinogradov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
- Department of Chemistry, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Cenk Ayata
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
- Stroke Service, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Eng Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
| | - Anna Devor
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolCharlestownUnited States
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Félix-Soriano E, Sáinz N, Gil-Iturbe E, Castilla-Madrigal R, Celay J, Fernández-Galilea M, Pejenaute Á, Lostao MP, Martínez-Climent JA, Moreno-Aliaga MJ. Differential remodeling of subcutaneous white and interscapular brown adipose tissue by long-term exercise training in aged obese female mice. J Physiol Biochem 2023:10.1007/s13105-023-00964-2. [PMID: 37204588 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity exacerbates aging-induced adipose tissue dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term exercise on inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) and interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) of aged obese mice. Two-month-old female mice received a high-fat diet for 4 months. Then, six-month-old diet-induced obese animals were allocated to sedentarism (DIO) or to a long-term treadmill training (DIOEX) up to 18 months of age. In exercised mice, iWAT depot revealed more adaptability, with an increase in the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes (Cpt1a, Acox1), and an amelioration of the inflammatory status, with a favorable modulation of pro/antiinflammatory genes and lower macrophage infiltration. Additionally, iWAT of trained animals showed an increment in the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis (Pgc1a, Tfam, Nrf1), thermogenesis (Ucp1), and beige adipocytes genes (Cd137, Tbx1). In contrast, iBAT of aged obese mice was less responsive to exercise. Indeed, although an increase in functional brown adipocytes genes and proteins (Pgc1a, Prdm16 and UCP1) was observed, few changes were found on inflammation-related and fatty acid metabolism genes. The remodeling of iWAT and iBAT depots occurred along with an improvement in the HOMA index for insulin resistance and in glucose tolerance. In conclusion, long-term exercise effectively prevented the loss of iWAT and iBAT thermogenic properties during aging and obesity. In iWAT, the long-term exercise program also reduced the inflammatory status and stimulated a fat-oxidative gene profile. These exercise-induced adipose tissue adaptations could contribute to the beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in aged obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Félix-Soriano
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eva Gil-Iturbe
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rosa Castilla-Madrigal
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jon Celay
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pejenaute
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Pilar Lostao
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José A Martínez-Climent
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- University of Navarra; Center for Nutrition Research and Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology; School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN). Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain.
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8
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Hernández-Ramírez S, Salcedo-Tello P, Osorio-Gómez D, Bermúdez-Rattoni F, Pacheco-López G, Ferreira G, Lafenetre P, Guzmán-Ramos KR. Voluntary physical activity improves spatial and recognition memory deficits induced by post-weaning chronic exposure to a high-fat diet. Physiol Behav 2022; 254:113910. [PMID: 35820628 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Childhood and adolescent exposure to obesogenic environments has contributed to the development of several health disorders, including neurocognitive impairment. Adolescence is a critical neurodevelopmental window highly influenced by environmental factors that affect brain function until adulthood. Post-weaning chronic exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD) adversely affects memory performance; physical activity is one approach to coping with these dysfunctions. Previous studies indicate that voluntary exercise prevents HFD's detrimental effects on memory; however, it remains to evaluate whether it has a remedial/therapeutical effect when introduced after a long-term HFD exposure. This study was conducted on a diet-induced obesity mice model over six months. After three months of HFD exposure (without interrupting the diet) access to voluntary physical activity was provided. HFD produced weight gain, increased adiposity, and impaired glucose tolerance. Voluntary physical exercise ameliorated glucose tolerance and halted weight gain and fat accumulation. Additionally, physical activity mitigated HFD-induced spatial and recognition memory impairments. Our data indicate that voluntary physical exercise starting after several months of periadolescent HFD exposure reverses metabolic and cognitive alterations demonstrating that voluntary exercise, in addition to its known preventive effect, also has a restorative impact on metabolism and cognition dysfunctions associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Hernández-Ramírez
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Av. de las Garzas No. 10, Lerma de Villada, Estado de México, C.P. 52005, Mexico
| | - Pamela Salcedo-Tello
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Lerma. Av. de las Garzas No. 10, Col. el Panteón, Lerma de Villada, Estado de México, C.P. 52005, Mexico
| | - Daniel Osorio-Gómez
- División de Neurociencias. Instituto de Fisiología Celular. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City
| | - Federico Bermúdez-Rattoni
- División de Neurociencias. Instituto de Fisiología Celular. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM). Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico City
| | - Gustavo Pacheco-López
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Lerma. Av. de las Garzas No. 10, Col. el Panteón, Lerma de Villada, Estado de México, C.P. 52005, Mexico
| | - Guillaume Ferreira
- Université de Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro Laboratory, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Pauline Lafenetre
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition and Integrative Neurobiology, UMR 1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kioko R Guzmán-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Lerma. Av. de las Garzas No. 10, Col. el Panteón, Lerma de Villada, Estado de México, C.P. 52005, Mexico.
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9
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Buettmann EG, Goldscheitter GM, Hoppock GA, Friedman MA, Suva LJ, Donahue HJ. Similarities Between Disuse and Age-Induced Bone Loss. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:1417-1434. [PMID: 35773785 PMCID: PMC9378610 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Disuse and aging are known risk factors associated with low bone mass and quality deterioration, resulting in increased fracture risk. Indeed, current and emerging evidence implicate a large number of shared skeletal manifestations between disuse and aging scenarios. This review provides a detailed overview of current preclinical models of musculoskeletal disuse and the clinical scenarios they seek to recapitulate. We also explore and summarize the major similarities between bone loss after extreme disuse and advanced aging at multiple length scales, including at the organ/tissue, cellular, and molecular level. Specifically, shared structural and material alterations of bone loss are presented between disuse and aging, including preferential loss of bone at cancellous sites, cortical thinning, and loss of bone strength due to enhanced fragility. At the cellular level bone loss is accompanied, during disuse and aging, by increased bone resorption, decreased formation, and enhanced adipogenesis due to altered gap junction intercellular communication, WNT/β-catenin and RANKL/OPG signaling. Major differences between extreme short-term disuse and aging are discussed, including anatomical specificity, differences in bone turnover rates, periosteal modeling, and the influence of subject sex and genetic variability. The examination also identifies potential shared mechanisms underlying bone loss in aging and disuse that warrant further study such as collagen cross-linking, advanced glycation end products/receptor for advanced glycation end products (AGE-RAGE) signaling, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling, cellular senescence, and altered lacunar-canalicular connectivity (mechanosensation). Understanding the shared structural alterations, changes in bone cell function, and molecular mechanisms common to both extreme disuse and aging are paramount to discovering therapies to combat both age-related and disuse-induced osteoporosis. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan G Buettmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Galen M Goldscheitter
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel A Hoppock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael A Friedman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Larry J Suva
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Henry J Donahue
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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10
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Survey on the Past Decade of Technology in Animal Enrichment: A Scoping Review. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141792. [PMID: 35883339 PMCID: PMC9311579 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Enrichment is important for supporting the well-being of captive animals. Enrichment increase animal quality of life through encouraging natural behaviours. As enrichment is shifting to a more centered role in animal care, technology is becoming increasingly accessible and is becoming embedded in animal enrichment in creative ways. This review explores the trends in technology usage in animal enrichment studies. Through pulling the past decade of technology enrichment work together, we discuss gaps such as needing to include a larger variety of species (extending passed mammals), ensuring enrichment designs focus primarily on the senses an animal uses to interact with the world rather than human senses, and encouraging similar study designs across animal contexts to allow for streamlined comparisons. Abstract Environmental enrichment is adding complexity to an environment that has a positive impact on a captive animal as a necessity of care. Computing technology is being rapidly weaved throughout the space in both enrichment devices as well as evaluating enrichment outcomes. In this article, we present a scoping review of 102 captive animal enrichment studies and propose a contextual lens for exploring current practices. We discuss the importance of directed growth in species inclusion, transitioning beyond anthro-centric designs, and utilizing shared methodologies.
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11
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Bernier M, Enamorado IN, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Calvo-Rubio M, González-Reyes JA, Price NL, Cortés-Rodríguez AB, Rodríguez-Aguilera JC, Rodríguez-López S, Mitchell SJ, Murt KN, Kalafut K, Williams KM, Ward CW, Stains JP, Brea-Calvo G, Villalba JM, Cortassa S, Aon MA, de Cabo R. Age-dependent impact of two exercise training regimens on genomic and metabolic remodeling in skeletal muscle and liver of male mice. NPJ AGING 2022; 8:8. [PMID: 35927269 PMCID: PMC9237062 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-022-00089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle adapts to different exercise training modalities with age; however, the impact of both variables at the systemic and tissue levels is not fully understood. Here, adult and old C57BL/6 male mice were assigned to one of three groups: sedentary, daily high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT), or moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) for 4 weeks, compatible with the older group's exercise capacity. Improvements in body composition, fasting blood glucose, and muscle strength were mostly observed in the MICT old group, while effects of HIIT training in adult and old animals was less clear. Skeletal muscle exhibited structural and functional adaptations to exercise training, as revealed by electron microscopy, OXPHOS assays, respirometry, and muscle protein biomarkers. Transcriptomics analysis of gastrocnemius muscle combined with liver and serum metabolomics unveiled an age-dependent metabolic remodeling in response to exercise training. These results support a tailored exercise prescription approach aimed at improving health and ameliorating age-associated loss of muscle strength and function in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bernier
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ignacio Navas Enamorado
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Translational Medicine Section, Akouos, Inc., 645 Summer St, Boston, MA, 02210, USA
| | - Mari Carmen Gómez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, and CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Calvo-Rubio
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio González-Reyes
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nathan L Price
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | | | | | - Sandra Rodríguez-López
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sarah J Mitchell
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kelsey N Murt
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Krystle Kalafut
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Katrina M Williams
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Christopher W Ward
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Gloria Brea-Calvo
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo and CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Universidad Pablo de Olavide - CSIC - JA, Sevilla, 41013, Spain
| | - Jose M Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sonia Cortassa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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12
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Connolly MG, Bruce SR, Kohman RA. Exercise duration differentially effects age-related neuroinflammation and hippocampal neurogenesis. Neuroscience 2022; 490:275-286. [PMID: 35331843 PMCID: PMC9038708 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The physiological effects of exercise vary as a function of frequency and length. However, research on the duration-dependent effects of exercise has focused primarily on young adults and less is known about the influence of exercise duration in the aged. The current study compared the effects of short-term and long-term running wheel access on hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroimmune markers in aged (19-23 months) male C57BL/6J mice. Aged mice were given 24-hour access to a running wheel for 14 days (short-term) or 51 days (long-term). Groups of non-running aged and young (5 months) mice served as comparison groups to detect age-related differences and effects of exercise. Long-term, but not short-term, exercise increased hippocampal neurogenesis as assessed by number of doublecortin (DCX) positive cells in the granular cell layer. Assessment of cytokines, receptors, and glial-activation markers showed the expected age-related increase compared to young controls. In the aged, exercise as a function of duration regulated select aspects of the neuroimmune profile. For instance, hippocampal expression of interleukin (IL)-10 was increased only following long-term exercise. While in contrast brain levels of IL-6 were reduced by both short- and long-term exercise. Additional findings showed that exercise does not modulate all aspects of age-related neuroinflammation and/or may have differential effects in hippocampal compared to brain samples. Overall, the data indicate that increasing exercise duration produces more robust effects on immune modulation and hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan G Connolly
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Animal Sciences, Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Spencer R Bruce
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Department of Psychology, Wilmington, NC, USA.
| | - Rachel A Kohman
- University of North Carolina Wilmington, Department of Psychology, Wilmington, NC, USA.
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13
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Kaloss AM, Theus MH. Leptomeningeal anastomoses: Mechanisms of pial collateral remodeling in ischemic stroke. WIREs Mech Dis 2022; 14:e1553. [PMID: 35118835 PMCID: PMC9283306 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arterial collateralization, as determined by leptomeningeal anastomoses or pial collateral vessels, is a well‐established vital player in cerebral blood flow restoration and neurological recovery from ischemic stroke. A secondary network of cerebral collateral circulation apart from the Circle of Willis, exist as remnants of arteriole development that connect the distal arteries in the pia mater. Recent interest lies in understanding the cellular and molecular adaptations that control the growth and remodeling, or arteriogenesis, of these pre‐existing collateral vessels. New findings from both animal models and human studies of ischemic stroke suggest a multi‐factorial and complex, temporospatial interplay of endothelium, immune and vessel‐associated cell interactions may work in concert to facilitate or thwart arteriogenesis. These valuable reports may provide critical insight into potential predictors of the pial collateral response in patients with large vessel occlusion and may aid in therapeutics to enhance collateral function and improve recovery from stroke. This article is categorized under:Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Kaloss
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Michelle H Theus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.,Center for Regenerative Medicine, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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14
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Holcomb LE, Rowe P, O’Neill CC, DeWitt EA, Kolwicz SC. Sex differences in endurance exercise capacity and skeletal muscle lipid metabolism in mice. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15174. [PMID: 35133078 PMCID: PMC8822869 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest that sex differences in lipid metabolism exist with females demonstrating a higher utilization of lipids during exercise, which is mediated partly by increased utilization of muscle triglycerides. However, whether these changes in lipid metabolism contribute directly to endurance exercise performance is unclear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of exercise substrate metabolism to sex differences in endurance exercise capacity (EEC) in mice. Male and female C57BL/6-NCrl mice were subjected to an EEC test until exhaustion on a motorized treadmill. The treadmill was set at a 10% incline, and the speed gradually increased from 10.2 m/min to 22.2 m/min at fixed intervals for up to 2.5 h. Tissues and blood were harvested in mice immediately following the EEC. A cohort of sedentary, non-exercised male and female mice were used as controls. Females outperformed males by ~25% on the EEC. Serum levels of both fatty acids and ketone bodies were ~50% higher in females at the end of the EEC. In sedentary female mice, skeletal muscle triglyceride content was significantly greater compared to sedentary males. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that genes involved in skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation were significantly higher in females with no changes in genes associated with glucose uptake or ketone body oxidation. The findings suggest that female mice have a higher endurance exercise capacity and a greater ability to mobilize and utilize fatty acids for energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola E. Holcomb
- Heart and Muscle Metabolism LaboratoryDepartment of Health and Exercise PhysiologyUrsinus CollegeCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Patrick Rowe
- Heart and Muscle Metabolism LaboratoryDepartment of Health and Exercise PhysiologyUrsinus CollegeCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Caitlin C. O’Neill
- Heart and Muscle Metabolism LaboratoryDepartment of Health and Exercise PhysiologyUrsinus CollegeCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. DeWitt
- Heart and Muscle Metabolism LaboratoryDepartment of Health and Exercise PhysiologyUrsinus CollegeCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Stephen C. Kolwicz
- Heart and Muscle Metabolism LaboratoryDepartment of Health and Exercise PhysiologyUrsinus CollegeCollegevillePennsylvaniaUSA
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15
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Ohtomo R, Ishikawa H, Kinoshita K, Chung KK, Hamanaka G, Ohtomo G, Takase H, Wrann CD, Katsuki H, Iwata A, Lok J, Lo EH, Arai K. Treadmill Exercise During Cerebral Hypoperfusion Has Only Limited Effects on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged Subcortical Ischemic Vascular Dementia Mice. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:756537. [PMID: 34992525 PMCID: PMC8724785 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.756537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and basic research suggests that exercise is a safe behavioral intervention and is effective for improving cognitive function in cerebrovascular diseases, including subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD). However, most of the basic research uses young animals to assess the effects of exercise, although SIVD is an age-related disease. In this study, therefore, we used middle-aged mice to examine how treadmill exercise changes the cognitive function of SIVD mice. As a mouse model of SIVD, prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion was induced in 8-month-old male C57BL/6J mice by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis. A week later, the mice were randomly divided into two groups: a group that received 6-week treadmill exercise and a sedentary group for observation. After subjecting the mice to multiple behavioral tests (Y-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests), the treadmill exercise training was shown to only be effective in ameliorating cognitive decline in the Y-maze test. We previously demonstrated that the same regimen of treadmill exercise was effective in young hypoperfused-SIVD mice for all three cognitive tests. Therefore, our study may indicate that treadmill exercise during cerebral hypoperfusion has only limited effects on cognitive function in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Ohtomo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Ishikawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Keita Kinoshita
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kelly K Chung
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Gen Hamanaka
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Gaku Ohtomo
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Takase
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Christiane D Wrann
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,McCance Center for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hiroshi Katsuki
- Department of Chemico-Pharmacological Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Medical Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States.,Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Eng H Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
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16
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Arc-Chagnaud C, Salvador-Pascual A, Garcia-Dominguez E, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Correas AG, Serna E, Brioche T, Chopard A, Fernandez-Marcos PJ, Serrano M, Serrano AL, Muñoz-Cánoves P, Sebastiá V, Viña J, Gomez-Cabrera MC. Glucose 6-P dehydrogenase delays the onset of frailty by protecting against muscle damage. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1879-1896. [PMID: 34704386 PMCID: PMC8718080 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty is a major age-associated syndrome leading to disability. Oxidative damage plays a significant role in the promotion of frailty. The cellular antioxidant system relies on reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) that is highly dependent on glucose 6-P dehydrogenase (G6PD). The G6PD-overexpressing mouse (G6PD-Tg) is protected against metabolic stresses. Our aim was to examine whether this protection delays frailty. METHODS Old wild-type (WT) and G6PD-Tg mice were evaluated longitudinally in terms of frailty. Indirect calorimetry, transcriptomic profile, and different skeletal muscle quality markers and muscle regenerative capacity were also investigated. RESULTS The percentage of frail mice was significantly lower in the G6PD-Tg than in the WT genotype, especially in 26-month-old mice where 50% of the WT were frail vs. only 13% of the Tg ones (P < 0.001). Skeletal muscle transcriptomic analysis showed an up-regulation of respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation (P = 0.009) as well as glutathione metabolism (P = 0.035) pathways in the G6PD-Tg mice. Accordingly, the Tg animals exhibited an increase in reduced glutathione (34.5%, P < 0.01) and a decrease on its oxidized form (-69%, P < 0.05) and in lipid peroxidation (4-HNE: -20.5%, P < 0.05). The G6PD-Tg mice also showed reduced apoptosis (BAX/Bcl2: -25.5%, P < 0.05; and Bcl-xL: -20.5%, P < 0.05), lower levels of the intramuscular adipocyte marker FABP4 (-54.7%, P < 0.05), and increased markers of mitochondrial content (COX IV: 89.7%, P < 0.05; Grp75: 37.8%, P < 0.05) and mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes (CII: 81.25%, P < 0.01; CIII: 52.5%, P < 0.01; and CV: 37.2%, P < 0.05). Energy expenditure (-4.29%, P < 0.001) and the respiratory exchange ratio were lower (-13.4%, P < 0.0001) while the locomotor activity was higher (43.4%, P < 0.0001) in the 20-month-old Tg, indicating a major energetic advantage in these mice. Short-term exercise training in young C57BL76J mice induced a robust activation of G6PD in skeletal muscle (203.4%, P < 0.05), similar to that achieved in the G6PD-Tg mice (142.3%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Glucose 6-P dehydrogenase deficiency can be an underestimated risk factor for several human pathologies and even frailty. By overexpressing G6PD, we provide the first molecular model of robustness. Because G6PD is regulated by pharmacological and physiological interventions like exercise, our results provide molecular bases for interventions that by increasing G6PD will delay the onset of frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coralie Arc-Chagnaud
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Andrea Salvador-Pascual
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Esther Garcia-Dominguez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Olaso-Gonzalez
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Angela G Correas
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva Serna
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Thomas Brioche
- INRAE, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Angele Chopard
- INRAE, UMR866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pablo J Fernandez-Marcos
- Metabolic Syndrome Group - BIOPROMET, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies - IMDEA Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Serrano
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio L Serrano
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pura Muñoz-Cánoves
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, University Pompeu Fabra and CIBERNED, Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish National Center on Cardiovascular Research (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Sebastiá
- Clinica Ypsilon de medicina física y rehabilitación, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Viña
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gomez-Cabrera
- Freshage Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERFES, Fundación Investigación Hospital Clínico Universitario/INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Crawford DL, Phillips AR, Williams TR. Evaluation of secondary electronic cigarette inhalation on lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice using indirect calorimetry. Metabol Open 2021; 12:100150. [PMID: 34888517 PMCID: PMC8636804 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2021.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The disruption of glucose homeostasis associated with the use of nicotine delivery systems may be due to a shift to lipid metabolism. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) in female (N = 21) and male (N = 21) C57BL/6J mice exposed to room air (control) or e-cigarette vapor in a 1L chamber to test the hypothesis that lipid metabolism predominates in vaped mice. Metabolism was quantified via RER using a GA-200 gas analyzer (iWorx, Inc) and LabScribe v.4 (iWorx, Inc.) software. Blood glucose levels were assessed from a subset of the population using an Accu-Check glucometer (Roche Diagnostics, Inc.). Statistical analyses were conducted using R v.4.0.3. Median RER for controls was lower in females. Older females showed a reduction in RER when exposure occurred in the afternoon (p < 0.001), and in males when exposure occurred in the morning (p = 0.007). Glucose concentrations (mg/dL) were higher after e-cigarette inhalation compared with controls, but this difference was not significant (p = 0.464). The reduction in the respiratory exchange ratio supports the hypothesis that e-cigarette inhalation promotes lipid metabolism, and the magnitude of the effect is influenced by gender, age and time of day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolly L. Crawford
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, 401 College Avenue, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, 44905, USA
| | - Alexis R. Phillips
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, 401 College Avenue, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, 44905, USA
| | - Taylor R. Williams
- Department of Biology and Toxicology, 401 College Avenue, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, 44905, USA
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18
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Keele GR, Zhang T, Pham DT, Vincent M, Bell TA, Hock P, Shaw GD, Paulo JA, Munger SC, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Ferris MT, Gygi SP, Churchill GA. Regulation of protein abundance in genetically diverse mouse populations. CELL GENOMICS 2021; 1:100003. [PMID: 36212994 PMCID: PMC9536773 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2021.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetically diverse mouse populations are powerful tools for characterizing the regulation of the proteome and its relationship to whole-organism phenotypes. We used mass spectrometry to profile and quantify the abundance of 6,798 proteins in liver tissue from mice of both sexes across 58 Collaborative Cross (CC) inbred strains. We previously collected liver proteomics data from the related Diversity Outbred (DO) mice and their founder strains. We show concordance across the proteomics datasets despite being generated from separate experiments, allowing comparative analysis. We map protein abundance quantitative trait loci (pQTLs), identifying 1,087 local and 285 distal in the CC mice and 1,706 local and 414 distal in the DO mice. We find that regulatory effects on individual proteins are conserved across the mouse populations, in particular for local genetic variation and sex differences. In comparison, proteins that form complexes are often co-regulated, displaying varying genetic architectures, and overall show lower heritability and map fewer pQTLs. We have made this resource publicly available to enable quantitative analyses of the regulation of the proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tian Zhang
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Duy T. Pham
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | | | - Timothy A. Bell
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pablo Hock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ginger D. Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | | | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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19
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Framnes-DeBoer SN, Jones AA, Kang MY, Propsom K, Nelson LR, Arble DM. The timing of intermittent hypoxia differentially affects macronutrient intake and energy substrate utilization in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E543-E550. [PMID: 34459217 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00183.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder characterized by periodic breathing cessation and intermittent hypoxia (IH). Although previous studies have demonstrated that IH alone can influence metabolic outcomes such as body weight, it remains unclear how the timing of IH can specifically affect these outcomes. Here, we examine how pairing 10-h periods of IH to either the animals' resting phase (e.g., IH during the day) or active phase (e.g., IH during the night) differentially affects body weight, macronutrient selection, energy expenditure, respiratory exchange rate, and glucose tolerance. We find that in contrast to mice exposed to IH during the night, mice exposed to IH during the day preferentially decrease their carbohydrate intake and switch to fat metabolism. Moreover, when the IH stimulus was removed, mice that had been exposed to day IH continued to eat a minimal amount of carbohydrates and consumed a higher percentage of kilocalorie from fat for at least 5 days. These data demonstrate that food choice and substrate utilization are secondary to the timing of IH but not IH itself. Taken together, these data have key clinical implications for individuals with sleep apnea and particularly those who are also experiencing circadian disruption such as night-shift workers.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Pairing repeated hypoxic episodes to a mouse's resting phase during the day preferentially decreases carbohydrate intake and results in a switch to metabolic fat oxidation. These data indicate that the timing of intermittent hypoxia should be considered when calculating sleep apnea's effects on metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron A Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Michelle Y Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Kat Propsom
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Lauren R Nelson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Deanna M Arble
- Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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20
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Cavalcanti-de-Albuquerque JP, Donato J. Rolling out physical exercise and energy homeostasis: Focus on hypothalamic circuitries. Front Neuroendocrinol 2021; 63:100944. [PMID: 34425188 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Energy balance is the fine regulation of energy expenditure and energy intake. Negative energy balance causes body weight loss, while positive energy balance promotes weight gain. Modern societies offer a maladapted way of life, where easy access to palatable foods and the lack of opportunities to perform physical activity are considered the roots of the obesity pandemic. Physical exercise increases energy expenditure and, consequently, is supposed to promote weight loss. Paradoxically, physical exercise acutely drives anorexigenic-like effects, but the mechanisms are still poorly understood. Using an evolutionary background, this review aims to highlight the potential involvement of the melanocortin system and other hypothalamic neural circuitries regulating energy balance during and after physical exercise. The physiological significance of these changes will be explored, and possible signalling agents will be addressed. The knowledge discussed here might be important for clarifying obesity aetiology as well as new therapeutic approaches for body weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil.
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21
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Alaasam VJ, Liu X, Niu Y, Habibian JS, Pieraut S, Ferguson BS, Zhang Y, Ouyang JQ. Effects of dim artificial light at night on locomotor activity, cardiovascular physiology, and circadian clock genes in a diurnal songbird. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 282:117036. [PMID: 33838441 PMCID: PMC8184626 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Artificial light is transforming the nighttime environment and quickly becoming one of the most pervasive pollutants on earth. Across taxa, light entrains endogenous circadian clocks that function to synchronize behavioral and physiological rhythms with natural photoperiod. Artificial light at night (ALAN) disrupts these photoperiodic cues and has consequences for humans and wildlife including sleep disruption, physiological stress and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms underlying organismal responses to dim ALAN, resembling light pollution, remain elusive. Light pollution exists in the environment at lower levels (<5 lux) than tested in many laboratory studies that link ALAN to circadian rhythm disruption. Few studies have linked dim ALAN to both the upstream regulators of circadian rhythms and downstream behavioral and physiological consequences. We exposed zebra finches (Taeniopygia gutatta) to dim ALAN (1.5 lux) and measured circadian expression of five pacemaker genes in central and peripheral tissues, plasma melatonin, locomotor activity, and biomarkers of cardiovascular health. ALAN caused an increase in nighttime activity and, for males, cardiac hypertrophy. Moreover, downstream effects were detectable after just short duration exposure (10 days) and at dim levels that mimic the intensity of environmental light pollution. However, ALAN did not affect circulating melatonin nor oscillations of circadian gene expression in the central clock (brain) or liver. These findings suggest that dim ALAN can alter behavior and physiology without strong shifts in the rhythmic expression of molecular circadian pacemakers. Approaches that focus on ecologically-relevant ALAN and link complex biological pathways are necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying vertebrate responses to light pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina J Alaasam
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA; Program of Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA.
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ye Niu
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Justine S Habibian
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Simon Pieraut
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Brad S Ferguson
- Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA; Center for Biomedical Research Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Jenny Q Ouyang
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
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22
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Sex-dependent effects of forced exercise in the body composition of adolescent rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10154. [PMID: 33980961 PMCID: PMC8115159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the body composition during adolescence can predict diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndromes later in life; and physical activity became an effective way to restore changes in body composition. However, current available literature assessing the body composition before, during and after adolescence in female and male rodents by in vivo techniques is scarce. Thus, by using computerized tomography, we aimed to define the baseline of the weight and body composition during the adolescence and young adulthood of female and male Sprague-Dawley rats (on P30, P60 and P90) under standard diet. Then, we determined the effect of 18 days of forced exercise on the body weight and composition during the early adolescence (P27-45). The highest percentual increments in weight, body volume and relative adipose contents occurred during the female and male adolescence. Forced running during the early adolescence decreased weight, body volume and relative adipose delta and increment values in males only. The adolescence of rats is a period of drastic body composition changes, where exercise interventions have sex-dependent effects. These results support a model that could open new research windows in the field of adolescent obesity.
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23
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Effects of Long-Term DHA Supplementation and Physical Exercise on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Development in Obese Aged Female Mice. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020501. [PMID: 33546405 PMCID: PMC7913512 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are associated to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Here, we investigate whether long-term feeding with a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched diet and aerobic exercise, alone or in combination, are effective in ameliorating NAFLD in aged obese mice. Two-month-old female C57BL/6J mice received control or high fat diet (HFD) for 4 months. Then, the diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were distributed into four groups: DIO, DIO + DHA (15% dietary lipids replaced by a DHA-rich concentrate), DIO + EX (treadmill running), and DIO + DHA + EX up to 18 months. The DHA-rich diet reduced liver steatosis in DIO mice, decreasing lipogenic genes (Dgat2, Scd1, Srebp1c), and upregulated lipid catabolism genes (Hsl/Acox) expression. A similar pattern was observed in the DIO + EX group. The combination of DHA + exercise potentiated an increase in Cpt1a and Ppara genes, and AMPK activation, key regulators of fatty acid oxidation. Exercise, alone or in combination with DHA, significantly reversed the induction of proinflammatory genes (Mcp1, Il6, Tnfα, Tlr4) in DIO mice. DHA supplementation was effective in preventing the alterations induced by the HFD in endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (Ern1/Xbp1) and autophagy markers (LC3II/I ratio, p62, Atg7). In summary, long-term DHA supplementation and/or exercise could be helpful to delay NAFLD progression during aging in obesity.
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24
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Modulation of Synaptic Plasticity by Vibratory Training in Young and Old Mice. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010082. [PMID: 33435131 PMCID: PMC7827198 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past 40 years, scientific research has shown how Whole Body Vibration concept represents a strong stimulus for the whole organism. Low (<30 Hz), medium (30–80 Hz), and high (>80 Hz) frequency vibrations can have both positive and negative effects, depending on the oscillation type and duration of exposure to which the body is subjected. However, very little is known about the effects of vibratory training on the brain. In this regard, we verified whether three vibratory training protocols, differing in terms of vibration frequency and exposure time to vibration, could modulate synaptic plasticity in an experimental mouse model, by extracellular recordings in vitro in hippocampal slices of mice of 4 and 24 months old. Our results showed that vibratory training can modulate synaptic plasticity differently, depending on the protocol used, and that the best effects are related to the training protocol characterized by a low vibration frequency and a longer recovery time. Future studies will aim to understand the brain responses to various types of vibratory training and to explore the underlying mechanisms, also evaluating the presence of any structural and functional changes due to vibratory training.
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25
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Binyamin D, Werbner N, Nuriel-Ohayon M, Uzan A, Mor H, Abbas A, Ziv O, Teperino R, Gutman R, Koren O. The aging mouse microbiome has obesogenic characteristics. Genome Med 2020; 12:87. [PMID: 33046129 PMCID: PMC7552538 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00784-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During aging, there is a physiological decline, an increase of morbidity and mortality, and a natural change in the gut microbiome. In this study, we investigated the influence of the gut microbiome on different metabolic parameters in adult and aged mice. Methods Fecal and blood samples from adult (n = 42, 100–300 days) and aging (n = 32, 550–750 days) mice were collected. Microbiome analysis was done using QIIME2. Mouse weight and body composition were measured using NMR, and insulin and leptin levels in the blood were measured with Mouse Adipokine Magnetic Bead Panel kit. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments from adult and aged mice into young germ-free mice were carried out in order to examine the effect of the gut microbiome of adult and aging mice on weight, body composition, insulin, and leptin. Results We demonstrate that the microbiomes from adult and aged mice are distinguishable. We also report changes in metabolic parameters as we observed significantly higher weight and fat mass and low lean mass in aged compared to adult mice along with high insulin and leptin levels in the blood. The transplanted gut microbiome from aged mice transferred part of the phenotypes seen in aged mice. Fat body mass and insulin levels were higher in the mice who received feces from aged mice than mice receiving feces from adult mice. In addition, they consumed more food and had a higher respiratory quotient compared to mice receiving adult feces. Conclusions We conclude that aged mice have a gut microbiota with obesogenic characteristics. In addition, the gut bacterial population itself is sufficient to induce some of the manifestations of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Binyamin
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Nir Werbner
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | | | - Atara Uzan
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Hadar Mor
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Atallah Abbas
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel
| | - Oren Ziv
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Raffaele Teperino
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Roee Gutman
- Laboratory of Integrative Physiology, MIGAL - Galilee Research Institute, Kiryat Shmona, Israel.,Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Tel-Hai College, 12210, Upper Galilee, Israel
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
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26
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Kvedaras M, Minderis P, Krusnauskas R, Ratkevicius A. Effects of ten-week 30% caloric restriction on metabolic health and skeletal muscles of adult and old C57BL/6J mice. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 190:111320. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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27
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Gil-Iturbe E, Félix-Soriano E, Sáinz N, Idoate-Bayón A, Castilla-Madrigal R, Moreno-Aliaga MJ, Lostao MP. Effect of aging and obesity on GLUT12 expression in small intestine, adipose tissue, muscle, and kidney and its regulation by docosahexaenoic acid and exercise in mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:957-967. [PMID: 32176854 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by excessive fat accumulation and inflammation. Aging has also been characterized as an inflammatory condition, frequently accompanied by accumulation of visceral fat. Beneficial effects of exercise and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in metabolic disorders have been described. Glucose transporter 12 (GLUT12) is one of the less investigated members of the GLUT family. Glucose, insulin, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) induce GLUT12 translocation to the membrane in muscle, adipose tissue, and intestine. We aimed to investigate GLUT12 expression in obesity and aging, and under diet supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) alone or in combination with physical exercise in mice. Aging increased GLUT12 expression in intestine, kidney, and adipose tissue, whereas obesity reduced it. No changes on the transporter occurred in skeletal muscle. In obese 18-month-old mice, DHA further decreased GLUT12 in the 4 organs. Aerobic exercise alone did not modify GLUT12, but the changes triggered by exercise were able to prevent the DHA-diminishing effect, and almost restored GLUT12 basal levels. In conclusion, the downregulation of metabolism in aging would be a stimulus to upregulate GLUT12 expression. Contrary, obesity, an excessive energy condition, would induce GLUT12 downregulation. The combination of exercise and DHA would contribute to restore basal function of GLUT12. Novelty In small intestine, kidney and adipose tissue aging increases GLUT12 protein expression whereas obesity reduces it. Dietary DHA decreases GLUT12 in small intestine, kidney, adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Exercise alone does not modify GLUT12 expression, nevertheless exercise prevents the DHA-diminishing effect on GLUT12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Gil-Iturbe
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Elisa Félix-Soriano
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - Adrián Idoate-Bayón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | | | - María J Moreno-Aliaga
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Biomedical Research Networking Center in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Pilar Lostao
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
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28
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Bettio LEB, Thacker JS, Rodgers SP, Brocardo PS, Christie BR, Gil-Mohapel J. Interplay between hormones and exercise on hippocampal plasticity across the lifespan. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165821. [PMID: 32376385 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a brain structure known to play a central role in cognitive function (namely learning and memory) as well as mood regulation and affective behaviors due in part to its ability to undergo structural and functional changes in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli. While structural changes are achieved through modulation of hippocampal neurogenesis as well as alterations in dendritic morphology and spine remodeling, functional (i.e., synaptic) changes can be noted through the strengthening (i.e., long-term potentiation) or weakening (i.e., long-term depression) of the synapses. While age, hormone homeostasis, and levels of physical activity are some of the factors known to module these forms of hippocampal plasticity, the exact mechanisms through which these factors interact with each other at a given moment in time are not completely understood. It is well known that hormonal levels vary throughout the lifespan of an individual and it is also known that physical exercise can impact hormonal homeostasis. Thus, it is reasonable to speculate that hormone modulation might be one of the various mechanisms through which physical exercise differently impacts hippocampal plasticity throughout distinct periods of an individual's life. The present review summarizes the potential relationship between physical exercise and different types of hormones (namely sex, metabolic, and stress hormones) and how this relationship may mediate the effects of physical activity during three distinct life periods, adolescence, adulthood, and senescence. Overall, the vast majority of studies support a beneficial role of exercise in maintaining hippocampal hormonal levels and consequently, hippocampal plasticity, cognition, and mood regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E B Bettio
- Division of Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan S Thacker
- Division of Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Shaefali P Rodgers
- Developmental, Cognitive & Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and Statistics, University of Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia S Brocardo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Centre of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Brian R Christie
- Division of Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC, Canada.
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Speck AE, Aguiar AS. Letter to the Editor: Mechanisms of sex differences in exercise capacity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R156-R157. [PMID: 31888353 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00187.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elisa Speck
- Lab Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, ARA-Centro Araranguá, UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Aderbal S Aguiar
- Lab Biology of Exercise, Department of Health Sciences, ARA-Centro Araranguá, UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
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30
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Ross JM, Coppotelli G, Branca RM, Kim KM, Lehtiö J, Sinclair DA, Olson L. Voluntary exercise normalizes the proteomic landscape in muscle and brain and improves the phenotype of progeroid mice. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e13029. [PMID: 31489782 PMCID: PMC6826127 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations is a suspected driver of aging and age‐related diseases, but forestalling these changes has been a major challenge. One of the best‐studied models is the prematurely aging mtDNA mutator mouse, which carries a homozygous knock‐in of a proofreading deficient version of the catalytic subunit of mtDNA polymerase‐γ (PolgA). We investigated how voluntary exercise affects the progression of aging phenotypes in this mouse, focusing on mitochondrial and protein homeostasis in both brain and peripheral tissues. Voluntary exercise significantly ameliorated several aspects of the premature aging phenotype, including decreased locomotor activity, alopecia, and kyphosis, but did not have major effects on the decreased lifespan of mtDNA mutator mice. Exercise also decreased the mtDNA mutation load. In‐depth tissue proteomics revealed that exercise normalized the levels of about half the proteins, with the majority involved in mitochondrial function and nuclear–mitochondrial crosstalk. There was also a specific increase in the nuclear‐encoded proteins needed for the tricarboxylic acid cycle and complex II, but not in mitochondrial‐encoded oxidative phosphorylation proteins, as well as normalization of enzymes involved in coenzyme Q biosynthesis. Furthermore, we found tissue‐specific alterations, with brain coping better as compared to muscle and with motor cortex being better protected than striatum, in response to mitochondrial dysfunction. We conclude that voluntary exercise counteracts aging in mtDNA mutator mice by counteracting protein dysregulation in muscle and brain, decreasing the mtDNA mutation burden in muscle, and delaying overt aging phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime M. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Genetics Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Giuseppe Coppotelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Genetics Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Rui M. Branca
- Department of Oncology‐Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Kyung M. Kim
- Department of Genetics Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Janne Lehtiö
- Department of Oncology‐Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - David A. Sinclair
- Department of Genetics Blavatnik Institute, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicum Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
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Treadmill Exercise Suppresses Cognitive Decline and Increases White Matter Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells in a Mouse Model of Prolonged Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Transl Stroke Res 2019; 11:496-502. [PMID: 31606888 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that patients with subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) perform better at cognitive tests after exercise. However, the underlying mechanism for this effect is largely unknown. Here, we examined how treadmill exercise changes the cognitive function and white matter cellular pathology in a mouse model of SIVD. Prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion was induced in 2-month-old male C57BL/6J mice by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis. A week later, the mice were randomly divided into a group that received 6-week treadmill exercise and a sedentary group for observation. In multiple behavioral tests (Y-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests), the treadmill exercise training was shown to ameliorate cognitive decline in the hypoperfused SIVD mice. In addition, immunohistological analyses confirmed that there was a larger population of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the subventricular zone of exercised versus sedentary mice. Although further investigations are needed to confirm a causal link between these findings, our study establishes a model and cellular foundation for investigating the mechanisms through which exercise preserves cognitive function in SIVD.
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32
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Houdebine L, D'Amico D, Bastin J, Chali F, Desseille C, Rumeau V, Soukkari J, Oudot C, Rouquet T, Bariohay B, Roux J, Sapaly D, Weill L, Lopes P, Djouadi F, Bezier C, Charbonnier F, Biondi O. Low-Intensity Running and High-Intensity Swimming Exercises Differentially Improve Energy Metabolism in Mice With Mild Spinal Muscular Atrophy. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1258. [PMID: 31632295 PMCID: PMC6781613 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of spinal-cord motor-neurons, is caused by mutations on Survival-of-Motor Neuron (SMN)-1 gene. The expression of SMN2, a SMN1 gene copy, partially compensates for SMN1 disruption due to exon-7 excision in 90% of transcripts subsequently explaining the strong clinical heterogeneity. Several alterations in energy metabolism, like glucose intolerance and hyperlipidemia, have been reported in SMA at both systemic and cellular level, prompting questions about the potential role of energy homeostasis and/or production involvement in disease progression. In this context, we have recently reported the tolerance of mild SMA-like mice (SmnΔ7/Δ7; huSMN2+/+) to 10 months of low-intensity running or high-intensity swimming exercise programs, respectively involving aerobic and a mix aerobic/anaerobic muscular metabolic pathways. Here, we investigated whether those exercise-induced benefits were associated with an improvement in metabolic status in mild SMA-like mice. We showed that untrained SMA-like mice exhibited a dysregulation of lipid metabolism with an enhancement of lipogenesis and adipocyte deposits when compared to control mice. Moreover, they displayed a high oxygen consumption and energy expenditure through β-oxidation increase yet for the same levels of spontaneous activity. Interestingly, both exercises significantly improved lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis in SMA-like mice, and enhanced oxygen consumption efficiency with the maintenance of a high oxygen consumption for higher levels of spontaneous activity. Surprisingly, more significant effects were obtained with the high-intensity swimming protocol with the maintenance of high lipid oxidation. Finally, when combining electron microscopy, respiratory chain complexes expression and enzymatic activity measurements in muscle mitochondria, we found that (1) a muscle-specific decreased in enzymatic activity of respiratory chain I, II, and IV complexes for equal amount of mitochondria and complexes expression and (2) a significant decline in mitochondrial maximal oxygen consumption, were reduced by both exercise programs. Most of the beneficial effects were obtained with the high-intensity swimming protocol. Taking together, our data support the hypothesis that active physical exercise, including high-intensity protocols, induces metabolic adaptations at both systemic and cellular levels, providing further evidence for its use in association with SMN-overexpressing therapies, in the long-term care of SMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Houdebine
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Domenico D'Amico
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jean Bastin
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Farah Chali
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Céline Desseille
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Valentin Rumeau
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Judy Soukkari
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Carole Oudot
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Thaïs Rouquet
- Biomeostasis CRO, Nutritional Behavior and Metabolic Disorders, La Penne-sur-Huveaune, France
| | - Bruno Bariohay
- Biomeostasis CRO, Nutritional Behavior and Metabolic Disorders, La Penne-sur-Huveaune, France
| | - Julien Roux
- Biomeostasis CRO, Nutritional Behavior and Metabolic Disorders, La Penne-sur-Huveaune, France
| | - Delphine Sapaly
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laure Weill
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lopes
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,UFR STAPS, Université d'Evry Val-d'Essonne, Evry, France
| | - Fatima Djouadi
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Cynthia Bezier
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Biophytis, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Charbonnier
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Biondi
- UMR-S1124, INSERM, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Oydanich M, Babici D, Zhang J, Rynecki N, Vatner DE, Vatner SF. Mechanisms of sex differences in exercise capacity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316:R832-R838. [PMID: 31017810 PMCID: PMC6734069 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00394.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences are an important component of National Institutes of Health rigor. The goal of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that female mice have greater exercise capacity than male mice, and that it is due to estrogen, nitric oxide, and myosin heavy chain expression. Female C57BL6/J wild-type mice exhibited greater (P < 0.05) maximal exercise capacity for running distance (489 ± 15 m) than age-matched male counterparts (318 ± 15 m), as well as 20% greater work to exhaustion. When matched for weight or muscle mass, females still maintained greater exercise capacity than males. Increased type I and decreased type II myosin heavy chain fibers in the soleus muscle from females are consistent with fatigue resistance and better endurance in females compared with males. After ovariectomy, female mice no longer demonstrated enhanced exercise, and treatment of male mice with estrogen resulted in exercise capacity similar to that of intact females (485 ± 37 m). Nitric oxide synthase, a downstream target of estrogen, exhibited higher activity in female mice compared with male mice, P < 0.05, whereas ovariectomized females exhibited nitric oxide synthase levels similar to males. Nitric oxide synthase activity also increased in males treated with chronic estrogen to levels of intact females. Nitric oxide synthase blockade with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester eliminated the sex differences in exercise capacity. Thus estrogen, nitric oxide, and myosin heavy chain expression are important mechanisms mediating the enhanced exercise performance in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Oydanich
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey
| | - Denis Babici
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey
| | - Nicole Rynecki
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey
| | - Dorothy E Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey
| | - Stephen F Vatner
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School , Newark, New Jersey
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34
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Manzanares G, Brito-da-Silva G, Gandra PG. Voluntary wheel running: patterns and physiological effects in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 52:e7830. [PMID: 30539969 PMCID: PMC6301263 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20187830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exercise can prevent and improve the pathophysiology of diseases and promote healthy aging. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that regulate the beneficial effects of exercise may lead to the development of new strategies to enhance quality of life and to counteract chronic diseases. Voluntary wheel running is an interesting model to study the effects of exercise in mice. Compared to forced treadmill exercise, voluntary wheel running presents several advantages such as: 1) running pattern is similar to natural running behavior of mice; 2) it is performed under non-stressed conditions, according to the rhythmicity of the animal; 3) it does not require direct interference from the researcher, and can be easily applied in long-term studies. Mice run spontaneously when given access to running wheels, for a total distance of ∼4 to 20 km per day and a total activity time of ∼3 to 7 hours a day. Hence, voluntary wheel running can result in robust endurance-like adaptation in skeletal and cardiac muscles and protect from sarcopenia. However, due to the lack of control over exercise parameters in voluntary exercise models, it is important for the researcher to understand the patterns and variability of wheel running in mice, as well as the factors that can affect voluntary running activity. Overall, voluntary wheel running in mice is a very interesting approach to study the chronic adaptation to exercise, analyze the effects of exercise, and test exercise capacity in different experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manzanares
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - G Brito-da-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - P G Gandra
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Tecidual, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brasil
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35
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Pappas LE, Nagy TR. The translation of age-related body composition findings from rodents to humans. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 73:172-178. [PMID: 30283153 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0324-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to highlight changes in body composition in rodent models as a result of healthy aging in order to enhance translational research. Aging is associated with alterations in body composition, particularly fat mass and fat-free mass, which may be accompanied by adverse health effects, especially nearing middle age to old age. In humans, it is generally understood that fat mass tends to increase while fat-free mass concurrently declines with aging. However, the effect of aging on body composition in rodent models is less well studied, and how these changes compare and contrast with observations in humans has not yet been fully elucidated. Though, it appears as though the constituent-level alterations occur in humans and rodents at different life phases thereby having a potential effect on the outcomes of basic biomedical research. Though highly strain-dependent, this review suggests that FM changes begin at a much earlier life phase in rodents than in humans. Conversely, FFM appears to increase throughout middle age and into old age in rodents, whereas middle age is associated with the initiation the subsequent decline of FFM in humans. Given the essentiality of rodent models in basic biomedical research, careful consideration of these differences in age-related BC findings is imperative when the research is aimed for human translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay E Pappas
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 421, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA
| | - Tim R Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Webb 421, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294-3360, USA.
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36
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Butcher JT, Ali MI, Ma MW, McCarthy CG, Islam BN, Fox LG, Mintz JD, Larion S, Fulton DJ, Stepp DW. Effect of myostatin deletion on cardiac and microvascular function. Physiol Rep 2018; 5. [PMID: 29192067 PMCID: PMC5727279 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to test the hypothesis that increased muscle mass has positive effects on cardiovascular function. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that increases in lean body mass caused by deletion of myostatin improves cardiac performance and vascular function. Echocardiography was used to quantify left ventricular function at baseline and after acute administration of propranolol and isoproterenol to assess β‐adrenergic reactivity. Additionally, resistance vessels in several beds were removed, cannulated, pressurized to 60 mmHg and reactivity to vasoactive stimuli was assessed. Hemodynamics were measured using in vivo radiotelemetry. Myostatin deletion results in increased fractional shortening at baseline. Additionally, arterioles in the coronary and muscular microcirculations are more sensitive to endothelial‐dependent dilation while nonmuscular beds or the aorta were unaffected. β‐adrenergic dilation was increased in both coronary and conduit arteries, suggesting a systemic effect of increased muscle mass on vascular function. Overall hemodynamics and physical characteristics (heart weight and size) remained unchanged. Myostatin deletion mimics in part the effects of exercise on cardiovascular function. It significantly increases lean muscle mass and results in muscle‐specific increases in endothelium‐dependent vasodilation. This suggests that increases in muscle mass may serve as a buffer against pathological states that specifically target cardiac function (heart failure), the β‐adrenergic system (age), and nitric oxide bio‐availability (atherosclerosis). Taken together, pharmacological inhibition of the myostatin pathway could prove an excellent mechanism by which the benefits of exercise can be conferred in patients that are unable to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Butcher
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - M Irfan Ali
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Merry W Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Cameron G McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Bianca N Islam
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lauren G Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - James D Mintz
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sebastian Larion
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David J Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - David W Stepp
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology, Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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Garcia CK, Mattingly AJ, Robinson GP, Laitano O, King MA, Dineen SM, Leon LR, Clanton TL. Sex-dependent responses to exertional heat stroke in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:841-849. [PMID: 29901435 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00220.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
With increasing participation of females in endurance athletics and active military service, it is important to determine if there are inherent sex-dependent susceptibilities to exertional heat injury or heat stroke. In this study we compared responses of male and female adult mice to exertional heat stroke (EHS). All mice were instrumented for telemetry core temperature measurements and were exercise-trained for 3 wk before EHS. During EHS, environmental temperature was 37.5°C (35% RH) while the mice ran on a forced running wheel, using incremental increases in speed. The symptom-limited endpoint was loss of consciousness, occurring at ~42.2°C core temperature. Females ran greater distances (623 vs. 346 m, P < 0.0001), reached faster running speeds (7.2 vs. 5.1 m/min, P < 0.0001), exercised for longer times (177 vs. 124 min, P < 0.0001), and were exposed to greater internal heat loads (240 vs.160°C·min; P < 0.0001). Minimum Tc during hypothermic recovery was ~32.0°C in both sexes. Females lost 9.2% body weight vs. 7.5% in males ( P < 0.001). Females demonstrated higher circulating corticosterone (286 vs 183 ng/ml, P = 0.001, at 3 h), but most plasma cytokines were not different. A component of performance in females could be attributed to greater body surface area/mass and greater external power performance. However, there were significant and independent effects of sex alone and a crossed effect of "sex × power" on performance. These results demonstrate that female mice have greater resistance to EHS during exercise in hyperthermia and that these effects cannot be attributed solely to body size. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Female mice are surprisingly more resistant to exertional heat stroke than male mice. They run faster and longer and can withstand greater internal heat loads. These changes cannot be fully accounted for by increased body surface/mass ratio in females or on differences in aerobic performance. Although the stress-immune response in males and females was similar, females exhibited markedly higher plasma corticosteroid levels, which were sustained over 14 days of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian K Garcia
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Alex J Mattingly
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Gerard P Robinson
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Orlando Laitano
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle A King
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USAIREM) , Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Shauna M Dineen
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USAIREM) , Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa R Leon
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USAIREM) , Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas L Clanton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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Abstract
Research has demonstrated that the high capacity requirements of the heart are satisfied by a preference for oxidation of fatty acids. However, it is well known that a stressed heart, as in pathological hypertrophy, deviates from its inherent profile and relies heavily on glucose metabolism, primarily achieved by an acceleration in glycolysis. Moreover, it has been suggested that the chronically lipid overloaded heart augments fatty acid oxidation and triglyceride synthesis to an even greater degree and, thus, develops a lipotoxic phenotype. In comparison, classic studies in exercise physiology have provided a basis for the acute metabolic changes that occur during physical activity. During an acute bout of exercise, whole body glucose metabolism increases proportionately to intensity while fatty acid metabolism gradually increases throughout the duration of activity, particularly during moderate intensity. However, the studies in chronic exercise training are primarily limited to metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle or to the mechanisms that govern physiological signaling pathways in the heart. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the precise changes that chronic exercise training elicits on cardiac metabolism, particularly on substrate utilization. Although conflicting data exists, a pattern of enhanced fatty oxidation and normalization of glycolysis emerges, which may be a therapeutic strategy to prevent or regress the metabolic phenotype of the hypertrophied heart. This review also expands on the metabolic adaptations that chronic exercise training elicits in amino acid and ketone body metabolism, which have become of increased interest recently. Lastly, challenges with exercise training studies, which could relate to several variables including model, training modality, and metabolic parameter assessed, are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Kolwicz Jr.
- Heart and Muscle Metabolism Laboratory, Health and Exercise Physiology Department, Ursinus College, Collegeville, PA, United States
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McMullan RC, Ferris MT, Bell TA, Menachery VD, Baric RS, Hua K, Pomp D, Smith‐Ryan AE, de Villena FP. CC002/Unc females are mouse models of exercise-induced paradoxical fat response. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13716. [PMID: 29924460 PMCID: PMC6009762 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise results in beneficial health outcomes and protects against a variety of chronic diseases. However, U.S. exercise guidelines recommend identical exercise programs for everyone, despite individual variation in responses to these programs, including paradoxical fat gain. Experimental models of exercise-induced paradoxical outcomes may enable the dissection of underlying physiological mechanisms as well as the evaluation of potential interventions. Whereas several studies have identified individual mice exhibiting paradoxical fat gain following exercise, no systematic effort has been conducted to identify and characterize models of paradoxical response. Strains from the Collaborative Cross (CC) genetic reference population were used due to its high levels of genetic variation, its reproducible nature, and the observation that the CC is a rich source of novel disease models, to assess the impact genetic background has on exercise responses. We identified the strain CC002/Unc as an exercise-induced paradoxical fat response model in a controlled voluntary exercise study across multiple ages in female mice. We also found sex and genetic differences were consistent with this pattern in a study of forced exercise programs. These results provide a novel model for studies to determine the mechanisms behind paradoxical metabolic responses to exercise, and enable development of more rational personalized exercise recommendations based on factors such as age, sex, and genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. McMullan
- Department of GeneticsSchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
- Genetics and Molecular Biology CurriculumSchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Martin T. Ferris
- Department of GeneticsSchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Timothy A. Bell
- Department of GeneticsSchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Vineet D. Menachery
- Department of EpidemiologyGillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of EpidemiologyGillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Kunjie Hua
- Department of GeneticsSchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Daniel Pomp
- Department of GeneticsSchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Abbie E. Smith‐Ryan
- Department of Exercise and Sport ScienceCollege of Arts and SciencesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
| | - Fernando Pardo‐Manuel de Villena
- Department of GeneticsSchool of MedicineUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina
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40
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Lin C, Fesi BD, Marquis M, Bosak NP, Lysenko A, Koshnevisan MA, Duke FF, Theodorides ML, Nelson TM, McDaniel AH, Avigdor M, Arayata CJ, Shaw L, Bachmanov AA, Reed DR. Burly1 is a mouse QTL for lean body mass that maps to a 0.8-Mb region of chromosome 2. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:325-343. [PMID: 29737391 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To fine map a mouse QTL for lean body mass (Burly1), we used information from intercross, backcross, consomic, and congenic mice derived from the C57BL/6ByJ (host) and 129P3/J (donor) strains. The results from these mapping populations were concordant and showed that Burly1 is located between 151.9 and 152.7 Mb (rs33197365 to rs3700604) on mouse chromosome 2. The congenic region harboring Burly1 contains 26 protein-coding genes, 11 noncoding RNA elements (e.g., lncRNA), and 4 pseudogenes, with 1949 predicted functional variants. Of the protein-coding genes, 7 have missense variants, including genes that may contribute to lean body weight, such as Angpt41, Slc52c3, and Rem1. Lean body mass was increased by the B6-derived variant relative to the 129-derived allele. Burly1 influenced lean body weight at all ages but not food intake or locomotor activity. However, congenic mice with the B6 allele produced more heat per kilogram of lean body weight than did controls, pointing to a genotype effect on lean mass metabolism. These results show the value of integrating information from several mapping populations to refine the map location of body composition QTLs and to identify a short list of candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailu Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brad D Fesi
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael Marquis
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Natalia P Bosak
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anna Lysenko
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Fujiko F Duke
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Theodore M Nelson
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amanda H McDaniel
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mauricio Avigdor
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Charles J Arayata
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lauren Shaw
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Danielle R Reed
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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41
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Lark DS, Kwan JR, McClatchey PM, James MN, James FD, Lighton JRB, Lantier L, Wasserman DH. Reduced Nonexercise Activity Attenuates Negative Energy Balance in Mice Engaged in Voluntary Exercise. Diabetes 2018; 67:831-840. [PMID: 29511026 PMCID: PMC5909996 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Exercise alone is often ineffective for treating obesity despite the associated increase in metabolic requirements. Decreased nonexercise physical activity has been implicated in this resistance to weight loss, but the mechanisms responsible are unclear. We quantified the metabolic cost of nonexercise activity, or "off-wheel" activity (OWA), and voluntary wheel running (VWR) and examined whether changes in OWA during VWR altered energy balance in chow-fed C57BL/6J mice (n = 12). Energy expenditure (EE), energy intake, and behavior (VWR and OWA) were continuously monitored for 4 days with locked running wheels followed by 9 days with unlocked running wheels. Unlocking the running wheels increased EE as a function of VWR distance. The metabolic cost of exercise (kcal/m traveled) decreased with increasing VWR speed. Unlocking the wheel led to a negative energy balance but also decreased OWA, which was predicted to mitigate the expected change in energy balance by ∼45%. A novel behavioral circuit involved repeated bouts of VWR, and roaming was discovered and represented novel predictors of VWR behavior. The integrated analysis described here reveals that the weight loss effects of voluntary exercise can be countered by a reduction in nonexercise activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Lark
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jamie R Kwan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - P Mason McClatchey
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Freyja D James
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Nashville, TN
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42
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Morgan JA, Singhal G, Corrigan F, Jaehne EJ, Jawahar MC, Baune BT. The effects of aerobic exercise on depression-like, anxiety-like, and cognition-like behaviours over the healthy adult lifespan of C57BL/6 mice. Behav Brain Res 2018; 337:193-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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43
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Deloux R, Vitiello D, Mougenot N, Noirez P, Li Z, Mericskay M, Ferry A, Agbulut O. Voluntary Exercise Improves Cardiac Function and Prevents Cardiac Remodeling in a Mouse Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2017; 8:899. [PMID: 29187823 PMCID: PMC5694775 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Despite the indubitable beneficial effect of exercise to prevent of cardiovascular diseases, there is still a lack of studies investigating the impact of exercise in non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Here, we investigated the impact of voluntary exercise on cardiac function in a mouse model of non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (αMHC-MerCreMer:Sf/Sf), induced by cardiac-specific inactivation of the Serum Response Factor. Materials and Methods: Seven days after tamoxifen injection, 20 αMHC-MerCreMer:Sf/Sf mice were assigned to sedentary (n = 8) and exercise (n = 12) groups. Seven additional αMHC-MerCreMer:Sf/Sf mice without tamoxifen injection were used as control. The exercise group performed 4 weeks of voluntary running on wheel (1.8 ± 0.12 km/day). Cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, and mitochondrial energetic pathways were then blindly assessed. Results: Exercised mice exhibited a smaller decrease of left ventricular (LV) fractional shortening and ejection fraction compared to control mice. This was associated with a lower degree of LV remodeling in exercised mice, as shown by a lower LV end-systolic intrerventricular septal and posterior wall thickness decrease from baseline values compared to sedentary mice. Moreover, exercised mice displayed a reduced gene expression of atrial and brain natriuretic factors. These benefits were associated by a reduced level of myocardial fibrosis. In addition, exercised mice exhibited a higher mitochondrial aconitase, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 and PPAR gamma coactivators-1 alpha proteins levels suggesting that the increase of mitochondrial biogenesis and/or metabolism slowed the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy in exercised animals. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results support the role of voluntary exercise to improve outcomes in non-ischemic dilated heart failure (HF) and also support its potential for a routine clinical use in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Deloux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8256, Biological Adaptation and Aging, Paris, France.,UMR-S 1180, National Institute for Health and Medical Research, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Damien Vitiello
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8256, Biological Adaptation and Aging, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport, EA7329, National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Mougenot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, UMS28, Plateforme d'Expérimentation Coeur, Muscles, Vaisseaux, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Noirez
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Institute for Research in Medicine and Epidemiology of Sport, EA7329, National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8256, Biological Adaptation and Aging, Paris, France
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8256, Biological Adaptation and Aging, Paris, France.,UMR-S 1180, National Institute for Health and Medical Research, University Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Arnaud Ferry
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Myologie, UMR-S 794, National Institute for Health and Medical Research, UMR Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique 7215, Paris, France
| | - Onnik Agbulut
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 8256, Biological Adaptation and Aging, Paris, France
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44
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Drake JC, Yan Z. Mitophagy in maintaining skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteostasis and metabolic health with ageing. J Physiol 2017; 595:6391-6399. [PMID: 28795394 PMCID: PMC5638883 DOI: 10.1113/jp274337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is important for overall functionality and health. Ageing is associated with an accumulation of damage to mitochondrial DNA and proteins. In particular, damage to mitochondrial proteins in skeletal muscle, which is a loss of mitochondrial proteostasis, contributes to tissue dysfunction and negatively impacts systemic health. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying the regulation of mitochondrial proteostasis and how those mechanisms change with age is important for the development of interventions to promote healthy ageing. Herein, we examine how impairment in the selective degradation of damaged/dysfunctional mitochondria through mitophagy may play a central role in the loss of mitochondrial proteostasis in skeletal muscle ageing, as well as its broader implications for systemic health. Further, we explore how stimulating mitophagy through exercise may promote healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Drake
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVA22908USA
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVA22908USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVA22908USA
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research CenterUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVA22908USA
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVA22908USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological PhysicsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVA22908USA
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45
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Moderate Exercise Has Limited but Distinguishable Effects on the Mouse Microbiome. mSystems 2017; 2:mSystems00006-17. [PMID: 28845459 PMCID: PMC5566786 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00006-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is known to have a complex yet vital relationship with host health. While both exercise and the gut microbiome have been shown to impact human health independently, the direct effects of moderate exercise on the intestinal microbiota remain unclear. In this study, we compared gut microbial diversity and changes in inflammatory markers associated with exercise over an 8-week period in mice that performed either voluntary exercise (VE) (n = 10) or moderate forced exercise (FE) (n = 11) and mice that did not perform any exercise (n = 21). VE mice, but not FE mice, had increased food intake and lean body mass compared to sedentary mice. The levels of inflammatory markers associated with exercise were similar for mice in all three groups. Traditional microbial profiles comparing operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in samples (P > 0.1) and multivariate analysis of beta diversity via Adonis testing (P > 0.1) did not identify significantly altered taxonomic profiles in the voluntary or forced exercise group compared to the sedentary controls. However, a random forests machine learning model, which takes into account the relationships between bacteria in a community, classified voluntary exercisers and nonexercisers with 97% accuracy at 8 weeks. The top bacteria used by the model allowed us to identify known taxa (Bacteroides, S24-7, and Lactobacillus) and novel taxa (Rikenellaceae and Lachnospiraceae) associated with exercise. Although aerobic exercise in mice did not result in significant changes of abundance in gut microbes or in host inflammatory response, more sophisticated computational methods could identify some microbial shifts. More study is needed on the effects of various exercise intensities and their impact on the gut microbiome. IMPORTANCE The bacteria that live in our gut have a complex yet vital relationship with our health. Environmental factors that influence the gut microbiome are of great interest, as recent research demonstrates that these microbes, mostly bacteria, are important for normal host physiology. Diseases such as obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer have also been linked to shifts in the microbiome. Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on these diseases; however, much less is known about its direct impact on the gut microbiome. Our results illustrate that exercise has a moderate but measurable effect on gut microbial communities in mice. These methods can be used to provide important insight into other factors affecting the microbiome and our health.
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46
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Vega RB, Konhilas JP, Kelly DP, Leinwand LA. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cardiac Adaptation to Exercise. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1012-1026. [PMID: 28467921 PMCID: PMC5512429 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exercise elicits coordinated multi-organ responses including skeletal muscle, vasculature, heart, and lung. In the short term, the output of the heart increases to meet the demand of strenuous exercise. Long-term exercise instigates remodeling of the heart including growth and adaptive molecular and cellular re-programming. Signaling pathways such as the insulin-like growth factor 1/PI3K/Akt pathway mediate many of these responses. Exercise-induced, or physiologic, cardiac growth contrasts with growth elicited by pathological stimuli such as hypertension. Comparing the molecular and cellular underpinnings of physiologic and pathologic cardiac growth has unveiled phenotype-specific signaling pathways and transcriptional regulatory programs. Studies suggest that exercise pathways likely antagonize pathological pathways, and exercise training is often recommended for patients with chronic stable heart failure or following myocardial infarction. Herein, we summarize the current understanding of the structural and functional cardiac responses to exercise as well as signaling pathways and downstream effector molecules responsible for these adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick B Vega
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - John P Konhilas
- Department of Physiology, Sarver Molecular Cardiovascular Research Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Daniel P Kelly
- Center for Metabolic Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | - Leslie A Leinwand
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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47
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McMullan RC, Kelly SA, Hua K, Buckley BK, Faber JE, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Pomp D. Long-term exercise in mice has sex-dependent benefits on body composition and metabolism during aging. Physiol Rep 2016; 4:4/21/e13011. [PMID: 27905293 PMCID: PMC5112492 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with declining exercise and unhealthy changes in body composition. Exercise ameliorates certain adverse age‐related physiological changes and protects against many chronic diseases. Despite these benefits, willingness to exercise and physiological responses to exercise vary widely, and long‐term exercise and its benefits are difficult and costly to measure in humans. Furthermore, physiological effects of aging in humans are confounded with changes in lifestyle and environment. We used C57BL/6J mice to examine long‐term patterns of exercise during aging and its physiological effects in a well‐controlled environment. One‐year‐old male (n = 30) and female (n = 30) mice were divided into equal size cohorts and aged for an additional year. One cohort was given access to voluntary running wheels while another was denied exercise other than home cage movement. Body mass, composition, and metabolic traits were measured before, throughout, and after 1 year of treatment. Long‐term exercise significantly prevented gains in body mass and body fat, while preventing loss of lean mass. We observed sex‐dependent differences in body mass and composition trajectories during aging. Wheel running (distance, speed, duration) was greater in females than males and declined with age. We conclude that long‐term exercise may serve as a preventive measure against age‐related weight gain and body composition changes, and that mouse inbred strains can be used to characterize effects of long‐term exercise and factors (e.g. sex, age) modulating these effects. These findings will facilitate studies on relationships between exercise and health in aging populations, including genetic predisposition and genotype‐by‐environment interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C McMullan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Scott A Kelly
- Department of Zoology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio
| | - Kunjie Hua
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brian K Buckley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James E Faber
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Daniel Pomp
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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