1
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Chen X, Wolfe DA, Bindu DS, Zhang M, Taskin N, Goertsen D, Shay TF, Sullivan EE, Huang SF, Ravindra Kumar S, Arokiaraj CM, Plattner VM, Campos LJ, Mich JK, Monet D, Ngo V, Ding X, Omstead V, Weed N, Bishaw Y, Gore BB, Lein ES, Akrami A, Miller C, Levi BP, Keller A, Ting JT, Fox AS, Eroglu C, Gradinaru V. Functional gene delivery to and across brain vasculature of systemic AAVs with endothelial-specific tropism in rodents and broad tropism in primates. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3345. [PMID: 37291094 PMCID: PMC10250345 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivering genes to and across the brain vasculature efficiently and specifically across species remains a critical challenge for addressing neurological diseases. We have evolved adeno-associated virus (AAV9) capsids into vectors that transduce brain endothelial cells specifically and efficiently following systemic administration in wild-type mice with diverse genetic backgrounds, and in rats. These AAVs also exhibit superior transduction of the CNS across non-human primates (marmosets and rhesus macaques), and in ex vivo human brain slices, although the endothelial tropism is not conserved across species. The capsid modifications translate from AAV9 to other serotypes such as AAV1 and AAV-DJ, enabling serotype switching for sequential AAV administration in mice. We demonstrate that the endothelial-specific mouse capsids can be used to genetically engineer the blood-brain barrier by transforming the mouse brain vasculature into a functional biofactory. We apply this approach to Hevin knockout mice, where AAV-X1-mediated ectopic expression of the synaptogenic protein Sparcl1/Hevin in brain endothelial cells rescued synaptic deficits.
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Grants
- P51 OD010425 NIH HHS
- P51 OD011107 NIH HHS
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- DP1 NS111369 NINDS NIH HHS
- OT2 OD024899 NIH HHS
- DP1 MH104069 NIMH NIH HHS
- UF1 MH128336 NIMH NIH HHS
- DP1 EB016986 NIBIB NIH HHS
- DP1 OD000616 NIH HHS
- DP2 NS087949 NINDS NIH HHS
- UG3 MH120095 NIMH NIH HHS
- U42 OD011123 NIH HHS
- NIH Director’s New Innovator DP2NS087949 and PECASE, NIH BRAIN Armamentarium 1UF1MH128336-01, NIH Pioneer 5DP1NS111369-04 and SPARC 1OT2OD024899. Additional funding includes the Vallee Foundation, the Moore Foundation, the CZI Neurodegeneration Challenge Network, and the NSF NeuroNex Technology Hub grant 1707316, the Heritage Medical Research Institute and the Beckman Institute for CLARITY, Optogenetics and Vector Engineering Research (CLOVER) for technology development and dissemination, NIH BRAIN UG3MH120095.
- The Swiss National Science Foundation (310030_188952, A.K), the Synapsis (grant 2019-PI02, A.K.), the Swiss Multiple Sclerosis Society (A.K.).
- CNPRC base grant (NIH P51 OD011107)
- The CZI Neurodegeneration Challenge Network. C.E. is an investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Chen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Damien A Wolfe
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Mengying Zhang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Naz Taskin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Goertsen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Timothy F Shay
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Erin E Sullivan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Sheng-Fu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Zürich University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sripriya Ravindra Kumar
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Cynthia M Arokiaraj
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Lillian J Campos
- Department of Psychology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John K Mich
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deja Monet
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Victoria Ngo
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Lab, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Ding
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Natalie Weed
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yeme Bishaw
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bryan B Gore
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Athena Akrami
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cory Miller
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Lab, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Boaz P Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annika Keller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Zürich University Hospital, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan T Ting
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew S Fox
- Department of Psychology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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2
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Chen X, Wolfe DA, Bindu DS, Zhang M, Taskin N, Goertsen D, Shay TF, Sullivan E, Huang SF, Kumar SR, Arokiaraj CM, Plattner V, Campos LJ, Mich J, Monet D, Ngo V, Ding X, Omstead V, Weed N, Bishaw Y, Gore B, Lein ES, Akrami A, Miller C, Levi BP, Keller A, Ting JT, Fox AS, Eroglu C, Gradinaru V. Functional gene delivery to and across brain vasculature of systemic AAVs with endothelial-specific tropism in rodents and broad tropism in primates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.12.523844. [PMID: 36711773 PMCID: PMC9882234 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Delivering genes to and across the brain vasculature efficiently and specifically across species remains a critical challenge for addressing neurological diseases. We have evolved adeno-associated virus (AAV9) capsids into vectors that transduce brain endothelial cells specifically and efficiently following systemic administration in wild-type mice with diverse genetic backgrounds and rats. These AAVs also exhibit superior transduction of the CNS across non-human primates (marmosets and rhesus macaques), and ex vivo human brain slices although the endothelial tropism is not conserved across species. The capsid modifications translate from AAV9 to other serotypes such as AAV1 and AAV-DJ, enabling serotype switching for sequential AAV administration in mice. We demonstrate that the endothelial specific mouse capsids can be used to genetically engineer the blood-brain barrier by transforming the mouse brain vasculature into a functional biofactory. Vasculature-secreted Hevin (a synaptogenic protein) rescued synaptic deficits in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Chen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Damien A. Wolfe
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Mengying Zhang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Naz Taskin
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David Goertsen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Timothy F. Shay
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Erin Sullivan
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Sheng-Fu Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sripriya Ravindra Kumar
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Arokiaraj
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Viktor Plattner
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lillian J. Campos
- Department of Psychology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - John Mich
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deja Monet
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Victoria Ngo
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Lab, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Ding
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Natalie Weed
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yeme Bishaw
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bryan Gore
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Athena Akrami
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Cory Miller
- Cortical Systems and Behavior Lab, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Boaz P. Levi
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Annika Keller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan T. Ting
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew S. Fox
- Department of Psychology and California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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3
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Hurt SC, Dickson PI, Curiel DT. Mucopolysaccharidoses type I gene therapy. J Inherit Metab Dis 2021; 44:1088-1098. [PMID: 34189746 PMCID: PMC8525653 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidoses type I (MPS I) is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by a malfunction of the α-l-iduronidase (IDUA) enzyme leading to the storage of glycosaminoglycans in the lysosomes. This disease has longtime been studied as a therapeutic target for those studying gene therapy and many studies have been done using various vectors to deliver the IDUA gene for corrective treatment. Many vectors have difficulties with efficacy and insertional mutagenesis concerns including adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. Studies of AAV vectors treating MPS I have seemed promising, but recent deaths in gene therapy clinical trials for other inherited diseases using AAV vectors have left questions about their safety. Additionally, the recent modifications to adenoviral vectors leading them to target the vascular endothelium minimizing the risk of hepatotoxicity could lead to them being a viable option for MPS I gene therapy when coupled with gene editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Hurt
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Patricia I. Dickson
- Department of GeneticsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Department of PediatricsWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - David T. Curiel
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation OncologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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4
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Marchetti M, Faggiano S, Mozzarelli A. Enzyme Replacement Therapy for Genetic Disorders Associated with Enzyme Deficiency. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:489-525. [PMID: 34042028 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210526144654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in human genes might lead to loss of functional proteins, causing diseases. Among these genetic disorders, a large class is associated with the deficiency in metabolic enzymes, resulting in both an increase in the concentration of substrates and a loss in the metabolites produced by the catalyzed reactions. The identification of therapeutic actions based on small molecules represents a challenge to medicinal chemists because the target is missing. Alternative approaches are biology-based, ranging from gene and stem cell therapy, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, distinct types of RNAs, and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). This review will focus on the latter approach that since the 1990s has been successfully applied to cure many rare diseases, most of them being lysosomal storage diseases or metabolic diseases. So far, a dozen enzymes have been approved by FDA/EMA for lysosome storage disorders and only a few for metabolic diseases. Enzymes for replacement therapy are mainly produced in mammalian cells and some in plant cells and yeasts and are further processed to obtain active, highly bioavailable, less degradable products. Issues still under investigation for the increase in ERT efficacy are the optimization of enzymes interaction with cell membrane and internalization, the reduction in immunogenicity, and the overcoming of blood-brain barrier limitations when neuronal cells need to be targeted. Overall, ERT has demonstrated its efficacy and safety in the treatment of many genetic rare diseases, both saving newborn lives and improving patients' life quality, and represents a very successful example of targeted biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Marchetti
- Biopharmanet-TEC Interdepartmental Center, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Bldg 33., 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Serena Faggiano
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 23/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Mozzarelli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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5
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Wang W, Shi L, Qin Y, Li F. Research and Application of Chondroitin Sulfate/Dermatan Sulfate-Degrading Enzymes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:560442. [PMID: 33425887 PMCID: PMC7793863 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.560442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) are widely distributed on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix in the form of proteoglycan, where they participate in various biological processes. The diverse functions of CS/DS can be mainly attributed to their high structural variability. However, their structural complexity creates a big challenge for structural and functional studies of CS/DS. CS/DS-degrading enzymes with different specific activities are irreplaceable tools that could be used to solve this problem. Depending on the site of action, CS/DS-degrading enzymes can be classified as glycosidic bond-cleaving enzymes and sulfatases from animals and microorganisms. As discussed in this review, a few of the identified enzymes, particularly those from bacteria, have wildly applied to the basic studies and applications of CS/DS, such as disaccharide composition analysis, the preparation of bioactive oligosaccharides, oligosaccharide sequencing, and potential medical application, but these do not fulfill all of the needs in terms of the structural complexity of CS/DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshuang Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Liran Shi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yong Qin
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuchuan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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6
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Parini R, Deodato F, Di Rocco M, Lanino E, Locatelli F, Messina C, Rovelli A, Scarpa M. Open issues in Mucopolysaccharidosis type I-Hurler. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:112. [PMID: 28619065 PMCID: PMC5472858 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis I-Hurler (MPS I-H) is the most severe form of a metabolic genetic disease caused by mutations of IDUA gene encoding the lysosomal α-L-iduronidase enzyme. MPS I-H is a rare, life-threatening disease, evolving in multisystem morbidity including progressive neurological disease, upper airway obstruction, skeletal deformity and cardiomyopathy. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is currently the gold standard for the treatment of MPS I-H in patients diagnosed and treated before 2–2.5 years of age, having a high rate of success. Beyond the child’s age, other factors influence the probability of treatment success, including the selection of patients, of graft source and the donor type employed. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with human recombinant laronidase has also been demonstrated to be effective in ameliorating the clinical conditions of pre-transplant MPS I-H patients and in improving HSCT outcome, by peri-transplant co-administration. Nevertheless the long-term clinical outcome even after successful HSCT varies considerably, with a persisting residual disease burden. Other strategies must then be considered to improve the outcome of these patients: one is to pursue early pre-symptomatic diagnosis through newborn screening and another one is the identification of novel treatments. In this perspective, even though newborn screening can be envisaged as a future attractive perspective, presently the best path to be pursued embraces an improved awareness of signs and symptoms of the disorder by primary care providers and pediatricians, in order for the patients’ timely referral to a qualified reference center. Furthermore, sensitive new biochemical markers must be identified to better define the clinical severity of the disease at birth, to support clinical judgement during the follow-up and to compare the effects of the different therapies. A prolonged neuropsychological follow-up of post-transplant cognitive development of children and residual disease burden is needed. In this perspective, the reference center must guarantee a multidisciplinary follow-up with an expert team. Diagnostic and interventional protocols of reference centers should be standardized whenever possible to allow comparison of clinical data and evaluation of results. This review will focus on all these critical issues related to the management of MPS I-H.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Parini
- UOS Malattie Metaboliche Rare, Clinica Pediatrica dell'Università Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, ASST Monza e Brianza, Monza, Italy.
| | - Federica Deodato
- Division of Metabolic Disease, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maja Di Rocco
- Unit of Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS "Giannina Gaslini" Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Edoardo Lanino
- UOSD Centro Trapianto di Midollo Osseo, Dipartimento Ematologia-Oncologia Pediatrica, IRCCS "Giannina Gaslini" Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Messina
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, DAI di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Azienda Ospedaliera-Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Attilio Rovelli
- Centro Trapianto di Midollo Osseo, Clinica Pediatrica dell'Università di Milano-Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, ASST Monza e Brianza, Monza, Italy
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- Department for the Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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7
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Aronovich EL, Hyland KA, Hall BC, Bell JB, Olson ER, Rusten MU, Hunter DW, Ellinwood NM, McIvor RS, Hackett PB. Prolonged Expression of Secreted Enzymes in Dogs After Liver-Directed Delivery of Sleeping Beauty Transposons: Implications for Non-Viral Gene Therapy of Systemic Disease. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:551-564. [PMID: 28530135 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-viral, integrating Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system is efficient in treating systemic monogenic disease in mice, including hemophilia A and B caused by deficiency of blood clotting factors and mucopolysaccharidosis types I and VII caused by α-L-iduronidase (IDUA) and β-glucuronidase (GUSB) deficiency, respectively. Modified approaches of the hydrodynamics-based procedure to deliver transposons to the liver in dogs were recently reported. Using the transgenic canine reporter secreted alkaline phosphatase (cSEAP), transgenic protein in the plasma was demonstrated for up to 6 weeks post infusion. This study reports that immunosuppression of dogs with gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) prolonged the presence of cSEAP in the circulation up to 5.5 months after a single vector infusion. Transgene expression declined gradually but appeared to stabilize after about 2 months at approximately fourfold baseline level. Durability of transgenic protein expression in the plasma was inversely associated with transient increase of liver enzymes alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase in response to the plasmid delivery procedure, which suggests a deleterious effect of hepatocellular toxicity on transgene expression. GdCl3 treatment was ineffective for repeat vector infusions. In parallel studies, dogs were infused with potentially therapeutic transposons. Activities of transgenic IDUA and GUSB in plasma peaked at 50-350% of wildtype, but in the absence of immunosuppression lasted only a few days. Transposition was detectable by excision assay only when the most efficient transposase, SB100X, was used. Dogs infused with transposons encoding canine clotting factor IX (cFIX) were treated with GdCl3 and showed expression profiles similar to those in cSEAP-infused dogs, with expression peaking at 40% wt (2 μg/mL). It is concluded that GdCl3 can support extended transgene expression after hydrodynamic introduction of SB transposons in dogs, but that alternative regimens will be required to achieve therapeutic levels of transgene products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Aronovich
- 1 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Bryan C Hall
- 1 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jason B Bell
- 1 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Erik R Olson
- 2 Discovery Genomics, Inc. , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Myra Urness Rusten
- 3 Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - David W Hunter
- 3 Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - R Scott McIvor
- 1 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2 Discovery Genomics, Inc. , Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Perry B Hackett
- 1 Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development and Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota.,2 Discovery Genomics, Inc. , Minneapolis, Minnesota
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8
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Belur LR, Temme A, Podetz-Pedersen KM, Riedl M, Vulchanova L, Robinson N, Hanson LR, Kozarsky KF, Orchard PJ, Frey WH, Low WC, McIvor RS. Intranasal Adeno-Associated Virus Mediated Gene Delivery and Expression of Human Iduronidase in the Central Nervous System: A Noninvasive and Effective Approach for Prevention of Neurologic Disease in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I. Hum Gene Ther 2017; 28:576-587. [PMID: 28462595 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is a progressive, multi-systemic, inherited metabolic disease caused by deficiency of α-L-iduronidase (IDUA). Current treatments for this disease are ineffective in treating central nervous system (CNS) disease due to the inability of lysosomal enzymes to traverse the blood-brain barrier. A noninvasive and effective approach was taken in the treatment of CNS disease by intranasal administration of an IDUA-encoding adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector. Adult IDUA-deficient mice aged 3 months were instilled intranasally with AAV9-IDUA vector. Animals sacrificed 5 months post instillation exhibited IDUA enzyme activity levels that were up to 50-fold that of wild-type mice in the olfactory bulb, with wild-type levels of enzyme restored in all other parts of the brain. Intranasal treatment with AAV9-IDUA also resulted in the reduction of tissue glycosaminoglycan storage materials in the brain. There was strong IDUA immunofluorescence staining of tissue sections observed in the nasal epithelium and olfactory bulb, but there was no evidence of the presence of transduced cells in other portions of the brain. This indicates that reduction of storage materials most likely occurred as a result of enzyme diffusion from the olfactory bulb and the nasal epithelium into deeper areas of the brain. At 8 months of age, neurocognitive testing using the Barnes maze to assess spatial navigation demonstrated that treated IDUA-deficient mice were no different from normal control animals, while untreated IDUA-deficient mice exhibited significant learning and navigation deficits. This novel, noninvasive strategy for intranasal AAV9-IDUA instillation could potentially be used to treat CNS manifestations of human MPS I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha R Belur
- 1 Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - Alexa Temme
- 1 Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - Kelly M Podetz-Pedersen
- 1 Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - Maureen Riedl
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - Lucy Vulchanova
- 2 Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - Nicholas Robinson
- 3 Department of Research Animal Resources, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - Leah R Hanson
- 4 HealthPartners Neurosciences, Regions Hospital , St. Paul, Minneapolis
| | | | - Paul J Orchard
- 6 Program in Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - William H Frey
- 4 HealthPartners Neurosciences, Regions Hospital , St. Paul, Minneapolis
| | - Walter C Low
- 7 Department of Neurosurgery and Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
| | - R Scott McIvor
- 1 Center for Genome Engineering, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis
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9
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Gonzalez EA, Baldo G. Gene Therapy for Lysosomal Storage Disorders. JOURNAL OF INBORN ERRORS OF METABOLISM AND SCREENING 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2326409816689786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Alberto Gonzalez
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Genetic and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Genetic and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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10
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Cingi EC, Beebe DS, Whitley CB, Belani KG. Anesthetic care and perioperative complications in children with Sanfilipo Syndrome Type A. Paediatr Anaesth 2016; 26:531-8. [PMID: 26956723 DOI: 10.1111/pan.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are generally considered high risk for anesthesia care, owing to disease-related factors. Sanfilippo syndrome type A (MPS IIIA) is the most frequently occurring MPS. Anesthesia-specific information for MPS IIIA is not readily available in the literature. OBJECTIVES To report post hoc analyses on anesthesia care and outcomes from a 2-year study of the natural history of patients with untreated MPS IIIA (NCT01047306). METHODS Subjects were ≥1 year of age, developmental age ≥1 year, and without significant central nervous system impairment (other than that due to MPS IIIA) or issues that would preclude study procedures. Procedures requiring general anesthesia included brain/abdominal magnetic resonance imaging, lumbar puncture, and echocardiography. Sedation, intubation, and extubation procedures as well as postoperative airway problems were recorded at baseline and 6, 12, and 24 months of age. RESULTS Twenty-five patients (baseline age, 13-220 months) received a total of 94 general anesthetics. Patients successfully received oral sedation prior to 76 of 94 anesthetics. No patients required airway intervention or oxygen supplementation during sedation. All anesthesia providers described facemask ventilation and endotracheal intubations as 'easy'. All subjects were successfully extubated after completion of the procedures. No patients required reintubation. Six (24%) patients had episodes of postoperative airway problems: wheezing (7/94, 7.4%), croup (6/94, 6.4%), and laryngospasm (2/94, 2.1%). CONCLUSION We found no change in the modified Cormack-Lehane intubation grades in 25 Sanfilippo syndrome type A children over the 2-year study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif C Cingi
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David S Beebe
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chester B Whitley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kumar G Belani
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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11
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MacLeod SM. A quarter century of progress in paediatric clinical pharmacology: A personal view. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 81:228-34. [PMID: 26344707 PMCID: PMC4833166 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart M MacLeod
- Department of Paediatrics, University of British Columbia
- Child & Family Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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12
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Gurda BL, De Guilhem De Lataillade A, Bell P, Zhu Y, Yu H, Wang P, Bagel J, Vite CH, Sikora T, Hinderer C, Calcedo R, Yox AD, Steet RA, Ruane T, O'Donnell P, Gao G, Wilson JM, Casal M, Ponder KP, Haskins ME. Evaluation of AAV-mediated Gene Therapy for Central Nervous System Disease in Canine Mucopolysaccharidosis VII. Mol Ther 2015; 24:206-216. [PMID: 26447927 PMCID: PMC4817811 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2015.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII) is a lysosomal storage disease arising from mutations in β-d-glucuronidase (GUSB), which results in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation and a variety of clinical manifestations including neurological disease. Herein, MPS VII dogs were injected intravenously (i.v.) and/or intrathecally (i.t.) via the cisterna magna with AAV9 or AAVrh10 vectors carrying the canine GUSB cDNA. Although i.v. injection alone at 3 days of age resulted in normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) GUSB activity, brain tissue homogenates had only ~1 to 6% normal GUSB activity and continued to have elevated GAG storage. In contrast, i.t. injection at 3 weeks of age resulted in CSF GUSB activity 44-fold normal while brain tissue homogenates had >100% normal GUSB activity and reduced GAGs compared with untreated dogs. Markers for secondary storage and inflammation were eliminated in i.t.-treated dogs and reduced in i.v.-treated dogs compared with untreated dogs. Given that i.t.-treated dogs expressed higher levels of GUSB in the CNS tissues compared to those treated i.v., we conclude that i.t. injection of AAV9 or AAVrh10 vectors is more effective than i.v. injection alone in the large animal model of MPS VII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney L Gurda
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | | - Peter Bell
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yanqing Zhu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jessica Bagel
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charles H Vite
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tracey Sikora
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christian Hinderer
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Roberto Calcedo
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alexander D Yox
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Richard A Steet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Therese Ruane
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patricia O'Donnell
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Microbiology and Physiology Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James M Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Margret Casal
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine P Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mark E Haskins
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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13
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Genome-wide RNAi screening identifies host restriction factors critical for in vivo AAV transduction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:11276-81. [PMID: 26305933 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503607112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors based on the adeno-associated virus (AAV) hold great promise for in vivo gene transfer; several unknowns, however, still limit the vectors' broader and more efficient application. Here, we report the results of a high-throughput, whole-genome siRNA screening aimed at identifying cellular factors regulating AAV transduction. We identified 1,483 genes affecting vector efficiency more than 4-fold and up to 50-fold, either negatively or positively. Most of these factors have not previously been associated to AAV infection. The most effective siRNAs were independent from the virus serotype or analyzed cell type and were equally evident for single-stranded and self-complementary AAV vectors. A common characteristic of the most effective siRNAs was the induction of cellular DNA damage and activation of a cell cycle checkpoint. This information can be exploited for the development of more efficient AAV-based gene delivery procedures. Administration of the most effective siRNAs identified by the screening to the liver significantly improved in vivo AAV transduction efficiency.
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14
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Schiattarella GG, Cerulo G, De Pasquale V, Cocchiaro P, Paciello O, Avallone L, Belfiore MP, Iacobellis F, Di Napoli D, Magliulo F, Perrino C, Trimarco B, Esposito G, Di Natale P, Pavone LM. The Murine Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB Develops Cardiopathies over Time Leading to Heart Failure. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131662. [PMID: 26147524 PMCID: PMC4493027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIB is a lysosomal disease due to the deficiency of the enzyme α-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) required for heparan sulfate (HS) degradation. The disease is characterized by mild somatic features and severe neurological disorders. Very little is known on the cardiac dysfunctions in MPS IIIB. In this study, we used the murine model of MPS IIIB (NAGLU knockout mice, NAGLU-/-) in order to investigate the cardiac involvement in the disease. Echocardiographic analysis showed a marked increase in left ventricular (LV) mass, reduced cardiac function and valvular defects in NAGLU-/- mice as compared to wild-type (WT) littermates. The NAGLU-/- mice exhibited a significant increase in aortic and mitral annulus dimension with a progressive elongation and thickening of anterior mitral valve leaflet. A severe mitral regurgitation with reduction in mitral inflow E-wave-to-A-wave ratio was observed in 32-week-old NAGLU-/- mice. Compared to WT mice, NAGLU-/- mice exhibited a significantly lower survival with increased mortality observed in particular after 25 weeks of age. Histopathological analysis revealed a significant increase of myocardial fiber vacuolization, accumulation of HS in the myocardial vacuoles, recruitment of inflammatory cells and collagen deposition within the myocardium, and an increase of LV fibrosis in NAGLU-/- mice compared to WT mice. Biochemical analysis of heart samples from affected mice showed increased expression levels of cardiac failure hallmarks such as calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, connexin43, α-smooth muscle actin, α-actinin, atrial and brain natriuretic peptides, and myosin heavy polypeptide 7. Furthermore, heart samples from NAGLU-/- mice showed enhanced expression of the lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP2), and the autophagic markers Beclin1 and LC3 isoform II (LC3-II). Overall, our findings demonstrate that NAGLU-/- mice develop heart disease, valvular abnormalities and cardiac failure associated with an impaired lysosomal autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuliana Cerulo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria De Pasquale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pasquale Cocchiaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Orlando Paciello
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Avallone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Magliulo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Cinzia Perrino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Paola Di Natale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Michele Pavone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- * E-mail:
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15
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Stilhano RS, Martin PKM, de Melo SM, Samoto VY, Peres GB, da Silva Michelacci YMC, da Silva FH, Pereira VG, D'Almeida V, da Cruz AT, Jasiulionis MG, Han SW. α-l-iduronidase gene-based therapy using the phiC31 system to treat mucopolysaccharidose type I mice. J Gene Med 2015; 17:1-13. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vania D'Almeida
- Department of Pediatrics; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Adriana Taveira da Cruz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - Sang Won Han
- Department of Biophysics; Universidade Federal de São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
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16
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Giugliani R, Brusius-Facchin AC, Moura de Souza CF, Civallero G, Burin M, Leistner-Segal S, Baldo G, Vairo F. Diagnosis and therapy options in mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter syndrome). Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.999666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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17
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Aronovich EL, Hackett PB. Lysosomal storage disease: gene therapy on both sides of the blood-brain barrier. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:83-93. [PMID: 25410058 PMCID: PMC4312729 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most lysosomal storage disorders affect the nervous system as well as other tissues and organs of the body. Previously, the complexities of these diseases, particularly in treating neurologic abnormalities, were too great to surmount. However, based on recent developments there are realistic expectations that effective therapies are coming soon. Gene therapy offers the possibility of affordable, comprehensive treatment associated with these diseases currently not provided by standards of care. With a focus on correction of neurologic disease by systemic gene therapy of mucopolysaccharidoses types I and IIIA, we review some of the major recent advances in viral and non-viral vectors, methods of their delivery and strategies leading to correction of both the nervous and somatic tissues as well as evaluation of functional correction of neurologic manifestations in animal models. We discuss two questions: what systemic gene therapy strategies work best for correction of both somatic and neurologic abnormalities in a lysosomal storage disorder and is there evidence that targeting peripheral tissues (e.g., in the liver) has a future for ameliorating neurologic disease in patients?
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Aronovich
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
| | - Perry B Hackett
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States; Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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18
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Tomatsu S, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Montaño AM, Yabe H, Tanaka A, Dung VC, Giugliani R, Kubaski F, Mason RW, Yasuda E, Sawamoto K, Mackenzie W, Suzuki Y, Orii KE, Barrera LA, Sly WS, Orii T. Therapies for the bone in mucopolysaccharidoses. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:94-109. [PMID: 25537451 PMCID: PMC4312706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) have accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in multiple tissues which may cause coarse facial features, mental retardation, recurrent ear and nose infections, inguinal and umbilical hernias, hepatosplenomegaly, and skeletal deformities. Clinical features related to bone lesions may include marked short stature, cervical stenosis, pectus carinatum, small lungs, joint rigidity (but laxity for MPS IV), kyphoscoliosis, lumbar gibbus, and genu valgum. Patients with MPS are often wheelchair-bound and physical handicaps increase with age as a result of progressive skeletal dysplasia, abnormal joint mobility, and osteoarthritis, leading to 1) stenosis of the upper cervical region, 2) restrictive small lung, 3) hip dysplasia, 4) restriction of joint movement, and 5) surgical complications. Patients often need multiple orthopedic procedures including cervical decompression and fusion, carpal tunnel release, hip reconstruction and replacement, and femoral or tibial osteotomy through their lifetime. Current measures to intervene in bone disease progression are not perfect and palliative, and improved therapies are urgently required. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and gene therapy are available or in development for some types of MPS. Delivery of sufficient enzyme to bone, especially avascular cartilage, to prevent or ameliorate the devastating skeletal dysplasias remains an unmet challenge. The use of an anti-inflammatory drug is also under clinical study. Therapies should start at a very early stage prior to irreversible bone lesion, and damage since the severity of skeletal dysplasia is associated with level of activity during daily life. This review illustrates a current overview of therapies and their impact for bone lesions in MPS including ERT, HSCT, gene therapy, and anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA; Medical Genetics Service/HCPA and Department of Genetics/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Carlos J Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Adriana M Montaño
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hiromasa Yabe
- Department of Cell Transplantation, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Akemi Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Vu Chi Dung
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Genetics, Vietnam National Hospital of Pediatrics, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Medical Genetics Service/HCPA and Department of Genetics/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francyne Kubaski
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Robert W Mason
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Eriko Yasuda
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Kazuki Sawamoto
- Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | | | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Medical Education Development Center, Gifu University, Japan
| | - Kenji E Orii
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Luis A Barrera
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - William S Sly
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tadao Orii
- Department of Pediatrics, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan.
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19
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Xing EM, Wu S, Ponder KP. The effect of Tlr4 and/or C3 deficiency and of neonatal gene therapy on skeletal disease in mucopolysaccharidosis VII mice. Mol Genet Metab 2015; 114:209-16. [PMID: 25559179 PMCID: PMC4381425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2014.12.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of the enzyme β-glucuronidase (Gusb(-/-)) and results in glycosaminoglycan (GAG) accumulation. Skeletal abnormalities include stunted long bones and bone degeneration. GAGs have been hypothesized to activate toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) signaling and the complement pathway, resulting in upregulation of inflammatory cytokines that suppress growth and cause degeneration of the bone. Gusb(-/-) mice were bred with Tlr4- and complement component 3 (C3)-deficient mice, and the skeletal manifestations of the doubly- and triply-deficient mice were compared to those of purebred Gusb(-/-) mice. Radiographs showed that purebred Gusb(-/-) mice had shorter tibias and femurs, and wider femurs, compared to normal mice. No improvement was seen in Tlr4, C3, or Tlr4/C3-deficient Gusb(-/-) mice. The glenoid cavity and humerus were scored on a scale from 0 (normal) to +3 (severely abnormal) for dysplasia and bone irregularities, and the joint space was measured. No improvement was seen in Tlr4, C3, or Tlr4/C3-deficient Gusb(-/-) mice, and their joint space remained abnormally wide. Gusb(-/-) mice treated neonatally with an intravenous retroviral vector (RV) had thinner femurs, longer legs, and a narrowed joint space compared with untreated purebred Gusb(-/-) mice, but no improvement in glenohumeral degeneration. We conclude that Tlr4- and/or C3-deficiency fail to ameliorate skeletal abnormalities, and other pathways may be involved. RV treatment improves some but not all aspects of bone disease. Radiographs may be an efficient method for future evaluation, as they readily show glenohumeral joint abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Xing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine P Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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20
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Wolf DA, Banerjee S, Hackett PB, Whitley CB, McIvor RS, Low WC. Gene therapy for neurologic manifestations of mucopolysaccharidoses. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:283-96. [PMID: 25510418 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.966682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a family of lysosomal disorders caused by mutations in genes that encode enzymes involved in the catabolism of glycoaminoglycans. These mutations affect multiple organ systems and can be particularly deleterious to the nervous system. At the present time, enzyme replacement therapy and hematopoietic stem-cell therapy are used to treat patients with different forms of these disorders. However, to a great extent, the nervous system is not adequately responsive to current therapeutic approaches. AREAS COVERED Recent advances in gene therapy show great promise for treating MPS. This article reviews the current state of the art for routes of delivery in developing genetic therapies for treating the neurologic manifestations of MPS. EXPERT OPINION Gene therapy for treating neurological manifestations of MPS can be achieved by intraventricular, intrathecal, intranasal and systemic administrations. The intraventricular route of administration appears to provide the most widespread distribution of gene therapy vectors to the brain. The intrathecal route of delivery results in predominant distribution to the caudal areas of the brain. The systemic route of delivery via intravenous infusion can also achieve widespread delivery to the CNS; however, the distribution to the brain is greatly dependent on the vector system. Intravenous delivery using lentiviral vectors appear to be less effective than adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors. Moreover, some subtypes of AAV vectors are more effective than others in crossing the blood-brain barrier. In summary, the recent advances in gene vector technology and routes of delivery to the CNS will facilitate the clinical translation of gene therapy for the treatment of the neurological manifestations of MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Wolf
- University of Minnesota, Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development , Minneapolis, MN 55455 , USA
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21
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Morgan AH, Hammond VJ, Sakoh-Nakatogawa M, Ohsumi Y, Thomas CP, Blanchet F, Piguet V, Kiselyov K, O'Donnell VB. A novel role for 12/15-lipoxygenase in regulating autophagy. Redox Biol 2014; 4:40-7. [PMID: 25498966 PMCID: PMC4309860 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
12/15-Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymatically generates oxidized phospholipids in monocytes and macrophages. Herein, we show that cells deficient in 12/15-LOX contain defective mitochondria and numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles containing electron dense material, indicating defects in autophagy or membrane processing, However, both LC3 expression and lipidation were normal both basally and on chloroquine treatment. A LOX-derived oxidized phospholipid, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid-phosphatidylethanolamine (12-HETE-PE) was found to be a preferred substrate for yeast Atg8 lipidation, versus native PE, while both native and oxidized PE were effective substrates for LC3 lipidation. Last, phospholipidomics demonstrated altered levels of several phospholipid classes. Thus, we show that oxidized phospholipids generated by 12/15-LOX can act as substrates for key proteins required for effective autophagy and that cells deficient in this enzyme show evidence of autophagic dysfunction. The data functionally link phospholipid oxidation with autophagy for the first time. 12/15-Lipoxygenase-deficient macrophages show evidence of autophagic dysfunction. 12-HETE-PE is a substrate for LC2 and Atg8 lipidation. Macrophages deficient in 12/15-lipoxygenase show altered phospholipid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alwena H Morgan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Victoria J Hammond
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | | | - Yoshinori Ohsumi
- Frontier Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta 4259-S2-12, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Christopher P Thomas
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Fabien Blanchet
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Vincent Piguet
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Kirill Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Valerie B O'Donnell
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
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Moskot M, Montefusco S, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J, Mozolewski P, Węgrzyn A, Di Bernardo D, Węgrzyn G, Medina DL, Ballabio A, Gabig-Cimińska M. The phytoestrogen genistein modulates lysosomal metabolism and transcription factor EB (TFEB) activation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17054-69. [PMID: 24770416 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.555300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein (5,7-dihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one) has been previously proposed as a potential drug for use in substrate reduction therapy for mucopolysaccharidoses, a group of inherited metabolic diseases caused by mutations leading to inefficient degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in lysosomes. It was demonstrated that this isoflavone can cross the blood-brain barrier, making it an especially desirable potential drug for the treatment of neurological symptoms present in most lysosomal storage diseases. So far, no comprehensive genomic analyses have been performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect elicited by genistein. Therefore, the aim of this work was to identify the genistein-modulated gene network regulating GAG biosynthesis and degradation, taking into consideration the entire lysosomal metabolism. Our analyses identified over 60 genes with known roles in lysosomal biogenesis and/or function whose expression was enhanced by genistein. Moreover, 19 genes whose products are involved in both GAG synthesis and degradation pathways were found to be remarkably differentially regulated by genistein treatment. We found a regulatory network linking genistein-mediated control of transcription factor EB (TFEB) gene expression, TFEB nuclear translocation, and activation of TFEB-dependent lysosome biogenesis to lysosomal metabolism. Our data indicate that the molecular mechanism of genistein action involves not only impairment of GAG synthesis but more importantly lysosomal enhancement via TFEB. These findings contribute to explaining the beneficial effects of genistein in lysosomal storage diseases as well as envisage new therapeutic approaches to treat these devastating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Moskot
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (affiliated with the University of Gdańsk), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sandro Montefusco
- the High Content Screening Facility, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Paweł Mozolewski
- the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Węgrzyn
- the Department of Microbiology, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-412 Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Diego Di Bernardo
- the High Content Screening Facility, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Grzegorz Węgrzyn
- the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Diego L Medina
- the High Content Screening Facility, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy,
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- the High Content Screening Facility, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy, the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, the Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030, and Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Biology (affiliated with the University of Gdańsk), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland,
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23
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Noh H, Lee JI. Current and potential therapeutic strategies for mucopolysaccharidoses. J Clin Pharm Ther 2014; 39:215-24. [PMID: 24612142 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of rare inherited metabolic diseases caused by genetic defects in the production of lysosomal enzymes. MPSs are clinically heterogeneous and are characterized by progressive deterioration in visceral, skeletal and neurological functions. This article aims to review the classification and pathophysiology of MPSs and discuss current therapies and new targeted agents under development. METHODS A Medline search through PubMed was performed for relevant articles and treatment guidelines on MPSs published in English for years 1970 to September of 2013 inclusive. The references listed in the identified articles, prescribing information of the drugs approved for the treatment of MPSs, as well as recent clinical trial information posted on Clinicaltrials.gov website, were reviewed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Until recently, supportive care was the only option available for the management of MPSs. In the early 2000s, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of MPS I, II and VI. Clinical trials of ERT showed substantial improvements in patients' somatic symptoms; however, no benefit was found in the neurological symptoms because the enzymes do not readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), another potentially curative treatment, is not routinely advocated in clinical practice due to its high risk profile and lack of evidence for efficacy, except in preserving cognition and prolonging survival in young patients with severe MPS I. In recent years, substrate reduction therapy (SRT) and gene therapy have been rapidly gaining greater recognition as potential therapeutic avenues. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is effective for the treatment of many somatic symptoms, particularly walking ability and respiratory function, and remains the mainstay of MPS treatment. The usefulness of HSCT has not been established adequately for most MPSs. Although still under investigation, SRT and gene therapy are promising MPS treatments that may prevent the neurodegeneration not affected by ERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea; Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
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24
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Baldo G, Giugliani R, Matte U. Lysosomal enzymes may cross the blood-brain-barrier by pinocytosis: implications for enzyme replacement therapy. Med Hypotheses 2014; 82:478-80. [PMID: 24560457 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here we hypothesized that the water-soluble lysosomal enzymes may cross the blood-brain-barrier and reach the brain using the mechanism of unspecific fluid-phase endocytosis. We also highlight studies that show that, at higher serum concentrations, a fraction of these proteins can reach the brain after intravenous injection, and we suggest some experiments to study this hypothesis. Finally we discuss the implications of this for treatments such as enzyme replacement of lysosomal storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Baldo
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ursula Matte
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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25
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Baldo G, Giugliani R, Matte U. Gene delivery strategies for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidoses. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:449-59. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.880689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Bigg PW, Sleeper MM, O’Donnell PA, Liu Y, Wu S, Casal ML, Haskins ME, Ponder KP. The effect of neonatal gene therapy with a gamma retroviral vector on cardiac valve disease in mucopolysaccharidosis VII dogs after a decade. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:311-8. [PMID: 23860311 PMCID: PMC3800273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII) is due to deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme β-glucuronidase (GUSB) and results in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). This study determined the long-term effect of neonatal intravenous injection of a gamma retroviral vector (RV) on cardiac valve disease in MPS VII dogs. Transduced hepatocytes secreted GUSB into the blood for up to 11 years at levels similar to or greater than those achieved with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). Valve regurgitation and thickening were scored from 0 (normal) to +4 (severely abnormal). At 1 year, untreated MPS VII dogs had mitral regurgitation, mitral valve thickening, aortic regurgitation, and aortic valve thickening scores of 2.3 ± 0.7, 2.3 ± 0.6, 1.8 ± 0.5, and 1.6 ± 0.7, respectively, which were higher than the values of 0.6 ± 0.1, 0.1 ± 0.4, 0.3 ± 0.8, and 0.1 ± 0.4, respectively, in treated MPS VII dogs. Treated MPS VII dogs maintained low aortic regurgitation and aortic valve thickening scores in their lifetime. Although mitral regurgitation and mitral valve thickening scores increased to 2.0 at ≥ 8 years of age in the treated MPS VII dogs, older normal dogs from the colony had similar scores, making it difficult to assess mitral valve disease. Older treated dogs had calcification within the mitral and the aortic valve annulus, while GUSB staining demonstrated enzyme activity within the mitral valve. We conclude that neonatal RV-mediated gene therapy reduced cardiac valve disease in MPS VII dogs for up to 11 years, and propose that neonatal initiation of ERT should have a similar effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Bigg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Meg M. Sleeper
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia A. O’Donnell
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuli Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Susan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Margret L. Casal
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark E. Haskins
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine P. Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
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27
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Bigg PW, Baldo G, Sleeper MM, O'Donnell PA, Bai H, Rokkam VR, Liu Y, Wu S, Giugliani R, Casal ML, Haskins ME, Ponder KP. Pathogenesis of mitral valve disease in mucopolysaccharidosis VII dogs. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 110:319-28. [PMID: 23856419 PMCID: PMC3800211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII) is due to the deficient activity of β-glucuronidase (GUSB) and results in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in lysosomes and multisystemic disease with cardiovascular manifestations. The goal here was to determine the pathogenesis of mitral valve (MV) disease in MPS VII dogs. Untreated MPS VII dogs had a marked reduction in the histochemical signal for structurally-intact collagen in the MV at 6 months of age, when mitral regurgitation had developed. Electron microscopy demonstrated that collagen fibrils were of normal diameter, but failed to align into large parallel arrays. mRNA analysis demonstrated a modest reduction in the expression of genes that encode collagen or collagen-associated proteins such as the proteoglycan decorin which helps collagen fibrils assemble, and a marked increase for genes that encode proteases such as cathepsins. Indeed, enzyme activity for cathepsin B (CtsB) was 19-fold normal. MPS VII dogs that received neonatal intravenous injection of a gamma retroviral vector had an improved signal for structurally-intact collagen, and reduced CtsB activity relative to that seen in untreated MPS VII dogs. We conclude that MR in untreated MPS VII dogs was likely due to abnormalities in MV collagen structure. This could be due to upregulation of enzymes that degrade collagen or collagen-associated proteins, to the accumulation of GAGs that compete with proteoglycans such as decorin for binding to collagen, or to other causes. Further delineation of the etiology of abnormal collagen structure may lead to treatments that improve biomechanical properties of the MV and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Bigg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Guilherme Baldo
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Genetica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Meg M. Sleeper
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Patricia A. O'Donnell
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hanqing Bai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Venkata R.P. Rokkam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Yuli Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Susan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Genetica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Margret L. Casal
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark E. Haskins
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine P. Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
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28
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Naz H, Islam A, Waheed A, Sly WS, Ahmad F, Hassan MI. Humanβ-Glucuronidase: Structure, Function, and Application in Enzyme Replacement Therapy. Rejuvenation Res 2013; 16:352-63. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huma Naz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Abdul Waheed
- The Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis, University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William S. Sly
- The Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, St. Louis, University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Faizan Ahmad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, India
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29
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Tomatsu S, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Barbosa H, Montaño AM, Barrera LA, Shimada T, Yasuda E, Mackenzie WG, Mason RW, Suzuki Y, Orii KE, Orii T. Therapies of mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (Morquio A syndrome). Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2013; 1:805-818. [PMID: 25419501 DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2013.846853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Morquio A syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA, MPS IVA) is one of the lysosomal storage diseases and is caused by the deficiency of N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS). Deficiency of this enzyme leads to accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), keratan sulfate (KS) and chondroitin-6-sulfate (C6S). The majority of KS is produced by chondrocytes, and therefore, the undegraded substrates accumulate mainly in cells and extracelluar matrix (ECM) of cartilage. This has a direct impact on cartilage and bone development, leading to systemic skeletal dysplasia. In patients with Morquio A, cartilage cells are vacuolated, and this results in abnormal chondrogenesis and/or endochondral ossification. AREAS COVERED This article describes the advanced therapies of Morquio A, focused on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) and gene therapy to deliver the drug to avascular bone lesions. ERT and gene therapies for other types of MPS are also discussed, which provide therapeutic efficacy to bone lesions. EXPERT OPINION ERT, gene therapy and hematopietic stem therapy are clinically and/or experimentally conducted. However, there is no effective curative therapy for bone lesion to date. One of the limitations for Morquio A therapy is that targeting avascular cartilage tissues remains an unmet challenge. ERT or gene therapy with bone-targeting system will improve the bone pathology and skeletal manifestations more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Tomatsu
- Professor and Director, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA ; Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Skeletal Dysplasia Center, Nemours Biomedical Research, 1600 Rockland Rd., Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Carlos J Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Hector Barbosa
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Adriana M Montaño
- Saint Louis University, Department of Pediatrics, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Luis A Barrera
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Tsutomu Shimada
- Professor and Director, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Eriko Yasuda
- Professor and Director, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - William G Mackenzie
- Professor and Director, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Robert W Mason
- Professor and Director, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Suzuki
- Gifu University, Medical Education Development Center, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kenji E Orii
- Gifu University, Department of Pediatrics, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tadao Orii
- Gifu University, Department of Pediatrics, Gifu, Japan
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30
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Nan Z, Shekels L, Ryabinin O, Evavold C, Nelson MS, Khan SA, Deans RJ, Mays RW, Low WC, Gupta P. Intracerebroventricular transplantation of human bone marrow-derived multipotent progenitor cells in an immunodeficient mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I). Cell Transplant 2013; 21:1577-93. [PMID: 22472595 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x636894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I; Hurler syndrome) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by lack of the functional lysosomal glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-degrading enzyme α-L-iduronidase (IDUA). Without treatment, the resulting GAG accumulation causes multisystem dysfunction and death within the first decade. Current treatments include allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and enzyme replacement therapy. HSCT ameliorates clinical features and extends life but is not available to all patients, and inadequately corrects the most devastating features of the disease including mental retardation and skeletal deformities. Recent developments suggest that stem cells can be used to deliver needed enzymes to the central nervous system. To test this concept, we transplanted bone marrow-derived normal adult human MultiStem® cells into the cerebral lateral ventricles of immunodeficient MPS-I neonatal mice. Transplanted cells and human-specific DNA were detected in the hippocampal formation, striatum, and other areas of the central nervous system. Brain tissue assays revealed significant long-term decrease in GAG levels in the hippocampus and striatum. Sensorimotor testing 6 months after transplantation demonstrated significantly improved rotarod performance of transplanted mice in comparison to nontransplanted and sham-transplanted control animals. These results suggest that a single injection of MultiStem cells into the cerebral ventricles of neonatal MPS-I mice induces sustained reduction in GAG accumulation within the brain, and modest long-term improvement in sensorimotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhong Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Byrne BJ, Falk DJ, Clément N, Mah CS. Gene therapy approaches for lysosomal storage disease: next-generation treatment. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 23:808-15. [PMID: 22794786 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases are a group of rare inborn errors of metabolism resulting from deficiency in normal lysosomal function. These diseases are characterized by progressive accumulation of storage material within the lysosomes of affected cells, ultimately leading to cellular dysfunction. Multiple tissues ranging from musculoskeletal and visceral to tissues of the central nervous system are typically involved in disease pathology. Since the advent of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) to manage some LSDs, general clinical outcomes have significantly improved; however, treatment with infused protein is lifelong and continued disease progression is still evident in patients. Viral gene therapy may provide a viable alternative or adjunctive therapy to current management strategies for LSDs. In this review, we discuss the various viral vector systems that have been developed and some of the strategy designs for the treatment of LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry J Byrne
- Department of Pediatrics and Powell Gene Therapy Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Xing EM, Knox VW, O'Donnell PA, Sikura T, Liu Y, Wu S, Casal ML, Haskins ME, Ponder KP. The effect of neonatal gene therapy on skeletal manifestations in mucopolysaccharidosis VII dogs after a decade. Mol Genet Metab 2013; 109:183-93. [PMID: 23628461 PMCID: PMC3690974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VII is a lysosomal storage disease due to deficient activity of β-glucuronidase (GUSB), and results in glycosaminoglycan accumulation. Skeletal manifestations include bone dysplasia, degenerative joint disease, and growth retardation. One gene therapy approach for MPS VII involves neonatal intravenous injection of a gamma retroviral vector expressing GUSB, which results in stable expression in liver and secretion of enzyme into blood at levels predicted to be similar or higher to enzyme replacement therapy. The goal of this study was to evaluate the long-term effect of neonatal gene therapy on skeletal manifestations in MPS VII dogs. Treated MPS VII dogs could walk throughout their lives, while untreated MPS VII dogs could not stand beyond 6 months and were dead by 2 years. Luxation of the coxofemoral joint and the patella, dysplasia of the acetabulum and supracondylar ridge, deep erosions of the distal femur, and synovial hyperplasia were reduced, and the quality of articular bone was improved in treated dogs at 6 to 11 years of age compared with untreated MPS VII dogs at 2 years or less. However, treated dogs continued to have osteophyte formation, cartilage abnormalities, and an abnormal gait. Enzyme activity was found near synovial blood vessels, and there was 2% as much GUSB activity in synovial fluid as in serum. We conclude that neonatal gene therapy reduces skeletal abnormalities in MPS VII dogs, but clinically-relevant abnormalities remain. Enzyme replacement therapy will probably have similar limitations long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Xing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Baldo G, Wozniak DF, Ohlemiller KK, Zhang Y, Giugliani R, Ponder KP. Retroviral-vector-mediated gene therapy to mucopolysaccharidosis I mice improves sensorimotor impairments and other behavioral deficits. J Inherit Metab Dis 2013; 36:499-512. [PMID: 22983812 PMCID: PMC3548941 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-012-9530-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) is a lysosomal storage disease due to α-L-iduronidase (IDUA) deficiency that results in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Systemic gene therapy to MPS I mice can reduce lysosomal storage in the brain, but few data are available regarding the effect upon behavioral function. We investigated the effect of gene therapy with a long-terminal-repeat (LTR)-intact retroviral vector or a self-inactivating (SIN) vector on behavioral function in MPS I mice. The LTR vector was injected intravenously to 6-week-old MPS I mice, and the SIN vector was given to neonatal or 6-week-old mice. Adult-LTR, neonatal-SIN, and adult-SIN-treated mice achieved serum IDUA activity of 235 ± 20 (84-fold normal), 127 ± 10, and 71 ± 7 U/ml, respectively. All groups had reduction in histochemical evidence of lysosomal storage in the brain, with the adult-LTR group showing the best response, while adult-LTR mice had reductions in lysosomal storage in the cristae of the vestibular system. Behavioral evaluation was performed at 8 months. Untreated MPS I mice had a markedly reduced ability to hold onto an inverted screen or climb down a pole. LTR-vector-treated mice had marked improvements on both of these tests, whereas neonatal-SIN mice showed improvement in the pole test. We conclude that both vectors can reduce brain disease in MPS I mice, with the LTR vector achieving higher serum IDUA levels and better correction. Vestibular abnormalities may contribute to mobility problems in patients with MPS I, and gene therapy may reduce symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Baldo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - David F. Wozniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
| | - Kevin K. Ohlemiller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Gene Therapy Center, Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Katherine P. Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO, USA
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Abstract
After the first description of a patient recognized as a MPS case was made in 1917, several similar cases were described and identified. Observations reported in the middle of the twentieth century concerning the presence of acid mucopolysaccharides (later called glycosaminoglycans, or GAGs) in tissues and especially in urine of patients were instrumental in providing an identity for these diseases, which became referred as "mucopolysaccharidoses" (MPS). In the late 1960's it was demonstrated that MPS were caused by defects in the breakdown of GAGs, and the specific enzyme deficiencies for the 11 types and subtypes of MPS were identified thereafter. Genes involved in the MPS were subsequently identified, and a large number of disease-causing mutations were identified in each one. Although individually rare, MPS are relatively frequent as a group, with an overall incidence estimated as 1:22,000. The increased excretion of urinary GAGs observed in the vast majority of MPS patients provides a simple screening method, the diagnosis usually being confirmed by the identification of the specific enzyme deficiency. Molecular analysis also plays a role, being helpful for phenotype prediction, prenatal diagnosis and especially for the identification of carriers. As the diseases are rare and diagnosis requires sophisticated methods, the establishment of reference laboratories for MPS identification is recommended. The successful experience of the MPS Brazil Network in providing access to information and diagnosis may be considered as an option for developing countries. The development of therapeutic strategies for MPS, including bone marrow/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (BMT/HSCT) and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), changed the natural history of many MPS types. However, some challenges still remain, including the prevention of cognitive decline which occurs in some MPS. Newer approaches, such as intratechal ERT, substrate reduction therapy, read-through, gene therapy and encapsulated modified cells may provide a better outcome for these diseases in the near future. As early diagnosis and early treatment seems to improve treatment outcomes, and as newborn screening is now technically feasible, pilot programs (including one in progress in an area with high-incidence of MPS VI in northeastern Brazil) should provide information about its potential impact in reducing the morbidity associated with MPS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Giugliani
- Departamento de Genética and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. ; Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre and WHO Collaborating Center for the Development of Medical Genetic Services in Latin America, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. ; Instituto Nacional de Genética Médica Populacional, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Mosquera A, Rodríguez A, Soto C, Leonardi F, Espejo A, Sánchez OF, Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Barrera LA. Characterization of a recombinant N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase produced in E. coli for enzyme replacement therapy of Morquio A disease. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Parekh M, Ferrari S, Di Iorio E, Barbaro V, Bertolin M, Ferrari B, Ponzin D. Targeting corneal disorders using gene therapy. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1586/eop.12.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Treatment of adult MPSI mouse brains with IDUA-expressing mesenchymal stem cells decreases GAG deposition and improves exploratory behavior. GENETIC VACCINES AND THERAPY 2012; 10:2. [PMID: 22520214 PMCID: PMC3404940 DOI: 10.1186/1479-0556-10-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPSI) is caused by a deficiency in alpha-L iduronidase (IDUA), which leads to lysosomal accumulation of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) dermatan and heparan sulfate. While the currently available therapies have good systemic effects, they only minimally affect the neurodegenerative process. Based on the neuroprotective and tissue regenerative properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), we hypothesized that the administration of MSCs transduced with a murine leukemia virus (MLV) vector expressing IDUA to IDUA KO mouse brains could reduce GAG deposition in the brain and, as a result, improve neurofunctionality, as measured by exploratory activity. Methods MSCs infected with an MLV vector encoding IDUA were injected into the left ventricle of the brain of 12- or 25-month-old IDUA KO mice. The behavior of the treated mice in the elevated plus maze and open field tests was observed for 1 to 2 months. Following these observations, the brains were removed for biochemical and histological analyses. Results After 1 or 2 months of observation, the presence of the transgene in the brain tissue of almost all of the treated mice was confirmed using PCR, and a significant reduction in GAG deposition was observed. This reduction was directly reflected in an improvement in exploratory activity in the open field and the elevated plus maze tests. Despite these behavioral improvements and the reduction in GAG deposition, IDUA activity was undetectable in these samples. Overall, these results indicate that while the initial level of IDUA was not sustainable for a month, it was enough to reduce and maintain low GAG deposition and improve the exploratory activity for months. Conclusions These data show that gene therapy, via the direct injection of IDUA-expressing MSCs into the brain, is an effective way to treat neurodegeneration in MPSI mice.
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Baldo G, Mayer FQ, Martinelli B, Meyer FS, Burin M, Meurer L, Tavares AMV, Giugliani R, Matte U. Intraperitoneal implant of recombinant encapsulated cells overexpressing alpha-L-iduronidase partially corrects visceral pathology in mucopolysaccharidosis type I mice. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:860-7. [PMID: 22472038 DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2012.672730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is characterized by deficiency of the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA) and storage of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in several tissues. Current available treatments present limitations, thus the search for new therapies. Encapsulation of recombinant cells within polymeric structures combines gene and cell therapy and is a promising approach for treating MPS I. METHODS We produced alginate microcapsules containing baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells overexpressing IDUA and implanted these capsules in the peritoneum of MPS I mice. RESULTS An increase in serum and tissue IDUA activity was observed at early time-points, as well as a reduction in GAG storage; however, correction in the long term was only partially achieved, with a drop in the IDUA activity being observed a few weeks after the implant. Analysis of the capsules obtained from the peritoneum revealed inflammation and a pericapsular fibrotic process, which could be responsible for the reduction in IDUA levels observed in the long term. In addition, treated mice developed antibodies against the enzyme. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the encapsulation process is effective in the short term but improvements must be achieved in order to reduce the immune response and reach a stable correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Baldo
- Centro de Terapia Gênica-Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ponder KP, O'Malley TM, Wang P, O'Donnell PA, Traas AM, Knox VW, Aguirre GA, Ellinwood NM, Metcalf JA, Wang B, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Sleeper MM, Brooks DA, Hopwood JJ, Haskins ME. Neonatal gene therapy with a gamma retroviral vector in mucopolysaccharidosis VI cats. Mol Ther 2012; 20:898-907. [PMID: 22395531 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI is due to a deficiency in the activity of N-acetylgalactosamine 4-sulfatase (4S), also known as arylsulfatase B. Previously, retroviral vector (RV)-mediated neonatal gene therapy reduced the clinical manifestations of MPS I and MPS VII in mice and dogs. However, sulfatases require post-translational modification by sulfatase-modifying factors. MPS VI cats were injected intravenously (i.v.) with a gamma RV-expressing feline 4S, resulting in 5 ± 3 copies of RV per 100 cells in liver. Liver and serum 4S activity were 1,450 ± 1,720 U/mg (26-fold normal) and 107 ± 60 U/ml (13-fold normal), respectively, and were directly proportional to the liver 4S protein levels for individual cats. This study suggests that sulfatase-modifying factor (SUMF) activity in liver was sufficient to result in active enzyme despite overexpression of 4S. RV-treated MPS VI cats achieved higher body weights and longer appendicular skeleton lengths, had reduced articular cartilage erosion, and reduced aortic valve thickening and aortic dilatation compared with untreated MPS VI cats, although cervical vertebral bone lengths were not improved. This demonstrates that therapeutic expression of a functional sulfatase protein can be achieved with neonatal gene therapy using a gamma RV, but some aspects of bone disease remain difficult to treat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine P Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Baldo G, Wu S, Howe RA, Ramamoothy M, Knutsen RH, Fang J, Mecham RP, Liu Y, Wu X, Atkinson JP, Ponder KP. Pathogenesis of aortic dilatation in mucopolysaccharidosis VII mice may involve complement activation. Mol Genet Metab 2011; 104:608-19. [PMID: 21944884 PMCID: PMC3283036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII) is due to mutations within the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme β-glucuronidase, and results in the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans. MPS VII causes aortic dilatation and elastin fragmentation, which is associated with upregulation of the elastases cathepsin S (CtsS) and matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP12). To test the role of these enzymes, MPS VII mice were crossed with mice deficient in CtsS or MMP12, and the effect upon aortic dilatation was determined. CtsS deficiency did not protect against aortic dilatation in MPS VII mice, but also failed to prevent an upregulation of cathepsin enzyme activity. Further analysis with substrates and inhibitors specific for particular cathepsins suggests that this enzyme activity was due to CtsB, which could contribute to elastin fragmentation. Similarly, MMP12 deficiency and deficiency of both MMP12 and CtsS could not prevent aortic dilatation in MPS VII mice. Microarray and reverse-transcriptase real-time PCR were performed to look for upregulation of other elastases. This demonstrated that mRNA for complement component D was elevated in MPS VII mice, while immunostaining demonstrated high levels of complement component C3 on surfaces within the aortic media. Finally, we demonstrate that neonatal intravenous injection of a retroviral vector encoding β-glucuronidase reduced aortic dilatation. We conclude that neither CtsS nor MMP12 are necessary for elastin fragmentation in MPS VII mouse aorta, and propose that CtsB and/or complement component D may be involved. Complement may be activated by the GAGs that accumulate, and may play a role in signal transduction pathways that upregulate elastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Baldo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ruth A. Howe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meera Ramamoothy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Russell H. Knutsen
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jiali Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert P. Mecham
- Department of Cell Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yuli Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John P. Atkinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Katherine P. Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. Fax: +1 314 362 8813. (K.P. Ponder)
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Valstar MJ, Marchal JP, Grootenhuis M, Colland V, Wijburg FA. Cognitive development in patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (Sanfilippo syndrome). Orphanet J Rare Dis 2011; 6:43. [PMID: 21689409 PMCID: PMC3130633 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-6-43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III, Sanfilippo syndrome) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of one of the enzymes involved in the degradation of heparan sulfate. MPS III is characterized by progressive mental deterioration resulting in severe dementia. A number of potentially disease-modifying therapies are studied. As preservation of cognitive function is the ultimate goal of treatment, assessment of cognitive development will be essential in order to evaluate treatment efficacy. However, no large scale studies on cognitive levels in MPS III patients, using formal psychometric tests, have been reported. Methods We aimed to assess cognitive development in all 73 living patients with MPS III in the Netherlands. Results Cognitive development could be assessed in 69 patients. In 39 of them developmental level was estimated > 3 months and formal psychometric testing was attempted. A remarkable variation in the intellectual disability was detected. Conclusions Despite special challenges encountered, testing failed in only three patients. The observed broad variation in intellectual disability, should be taken into account when designing therapeutic trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies J Valstar
- Department of Pediatrics and Amsterdam Lysosome Center Sphinx, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Valstar MJ, Neijs S, Bruggenwirth HT, Olmer R, Ruijter GJG, Wevers RA, van Diggelen OP, Poorthuis BJ, Halley DJ, Wijburg FA. Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA: clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations. Ann Neurol 2011; 68:876-87. [PMID: 21061399 DOI: 10.1002/ana.22092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IIIA (Sanfilippo syndrome type A) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme sulfamidase. Information on the natural course of MPS IIIA is scarce, but is much needed in view of emerging therapies. METHODS Clinical history and molecular defects of all 110 MPS IIIA patients identified by enzymatic studies in the Netherlands were collected and included in this study. RESULTS First clinical signs, mainly consisting of delayed speech development and behavioral problems, were noted between the ages of 1 and 6 years. Other symptoms included sleeping and hearing problems, recurrent upper airway infections, diarrhea, and epilepsy. The clinical course varied remarkably and could be correlated with the molecular defects. The frequent pathogenic mutations p.R245H, p.Q380R, p.S66W, and c.1080delC were associated with the classical severe phenotype. Patients compound heterozygous for the p.S298P mutation in combination with 1 of the mutations associated with the classical severe phenotype had a significantly longer preservation of psychomotor functions and a longer survival. Two patients homozygous for the p.S298P mutation, and 4 patients from 3 families heterozygous for 3 missense variants not reported previously (p.T421R, p.P180L, and p.L12Q), showed a remarkably attenuated phenotype. INTERPRETATION We report the natural history and mutational analysis in a large unbiased cohort of MPS IIIA patients. We demonstrate that the clinical spectrum of MPS IIIA is much broader than previously reported. A significant genotype-phenotype correlation was established in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies J Valstar
- Department of Pediatrics and Amsterdam Lysosome Center Sphinx, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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McKay TR, Rahim AA, Buckley SM, Ward NJ, Chan JK, Howe SJ, Waddington SN. Perinatal gene transfer to the liver. Curr Pharm Des 2011; 17:2528-41. [PMID: 21774770 PMCID: PMC3182410 DOI: 10.2174/138161211797247541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The liver acts as a host to many functions hence raising the possibility that any one may be compromised by a single gene defect. Inherited or de novo mutations in these genes may result in relatively mild diseases or be so devastating that death within the first weeks or months of life is inevitable. Some diseases can be managed using conventional medicines whereas others are, as yet, untreatable. In this review we consider the application of early intervention gene therapy in neonatal and fetal preclinical studies. We appraise the tools of this technology, including lentivirus, adenovirus and adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors. We highlight the application of these for a range of diseases including hemophilia, urea cycle disorders such as ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, organic acidemias, lysosomal storage diseases including mucopolysaccharidoses, glycogen storage diseases and bile metabolism. We conclude by assessing the advantages and disadvantages associated with fetal and neonatal liver gene transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan R McKay
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ahad A Rahim
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Natalie J Ward
- Institute for Women’s Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jerry K.Y Chan
- Experimental Fetal Medicine Group, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steven J Howe
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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Valstar MJ, Bruggenwirth HT, Olmer R, Wevers RA, Verheijen FW, Poorthuis BJ, Halley DJ, Wijburg FA. Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB may predominantly present with an attenuated clinical phenotype. J Inherit Metab Dis 2010; 33:759-67. [PMID: 20852935 PMCID: PMC2992652 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-010-9199-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB, Sanfilippo syndrome type B) is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme N-acetyl-α-D-glucosaminidase (NAGLU). Information on the natural course of MPS IIIB is scarce but much needed in view of emerging therapies. To improve knowledge on the natural course, data on all 52 MPS IIIB patients ever identified by enzymatic studies in the Netherlands were gathered. Clinical data on 44 patients could be retrieved. Only a small number (n = 9; 21%) presented with a classical MPS III phenotype; all other patients showed a much more attenuated course of the disease characterized by a significantly slower regression of intellectual and motor abilities. The majority of patients lived well into adulthood. First signs of the disease, usually mild developmental delay, were observed at a median age of 4 years. Subsequently, patients showed a slowing and eventually a stagnation of development. Patients with the attenuated phenotype had a stable intellectual disability for many years. Molecular analysis was performed in 24 index patients. The missense changes p.R643C, p.S612G, p.E634K, and p.L497V were exclusively found in patients with the attenuated phenotype. MPS IIIB comprises a remarkably wide spectrum of disease severity, and an unselected cohort including all Dutch patients showed a large proportion (79%) with an attenuated phenotype. MPS IIIB must be considered in patients with a developmental delay, even in the absence of a progressive decline in intellectual abilities. A key feature, necessitating metabolic studies, is the coexistence of behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies J. Valstar
- Department of Pediatrics and Amsterdam Lysosome Center ‘Sphinx’, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hennie T. Bruggenwirth
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Olmer
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A. Wevers
- Laboratory of Genetic Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frans W. Verheijen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben J. Poorthuis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Amsterdam Lysosome Center ‘Sphinx’, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dicky J. Halley
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frits A. Wijburg
- Department of Pediatrics and Amsterdam Lysosome Center ‘Sphinx’, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics (G8-205), Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Alméciga-Díaz CJ, Montaño AM, Tomatsu S, Barrera LA. Adeno-associated virus gene transfer in Morquio A disease - effect of promoters and sulfatase-modifying factor 1. FEBS J 2010; 277:3608-19. [PMID: 20716181 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07769.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) IVA is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetylgalatosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS), which leads to the accumulation of keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate, mainly in bone. To explore the possibility of gene therapy for Morquio A disease, we transduced the GALNS gene into HEK293 cells, human MPS IVA fibroblasts and murine MPS IVA chondrocytes by using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vectors, which carry human GALNS cDNA. The effects of the promoter and the cotransduction with the sulfatase-modifying factor 1 gene (SUMF1) on GALNS activity levels was evaluated. Downregulation of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early enhancer/promoter was not observed for 10 days post-transduction. The eukaryotic promoters induced equal or higher levels of GALNS activity than those induced by the CMV promoter in HEK293 cells. Transduction of human MPS IVA fibroblasts induced GALNS activity levels that were 15-54% of those of normal human fibroblasts, whereas in transduced murine MPS IVA chondrocytes, the enzyme activities increased up to 70% of normal levels. Cotransduction with SUMF1 vector yielded an additional four-fold increase in enzyme activity, although the level of elevation depended on the transduced cell type. These findings suggest the potential application of AAV vectors for the treatment of Morquio A disease, depending on the combined choice of transduced cell type, selection of promoter, and cotransduction of SUMF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J Alméciga-Díaz
- Institute for the Study of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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Ponder KP, Auricchio A. Gene therapy for ocular problems in mucopolysaccharidosis: an experimental and promising approach with benefits in animal models - a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9071.2010.02367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Smith LJ, Martin JT, Szczesny SE, Ponder KP, Haskins ME, Elliott DM. Altered lumbar spine structure, biochemistry, and biomechanical properties in a canine model of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII. J Orthop Res 2010; 28:616-22. [PMID: 19918911 PMCID: PMC2975604 DOI: 10.1002/jor.21030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis VII (MPS VII) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency in beta-glucuronidase activity, leading to systemic accumulation of poorly degraded glycosaminoglycans (GAG). Along with other morbidities, MPS VII is associated with pediatric spinal deformity. The objective of this study was to examine potential associations between abnormal lumbar spine matrix structure and composition in MPS VII, and spine segment and tissue-level mechanical properties, using a naturally occurring canine model with a similar clinical phenotype to the human form of the disorder. Segments from juvenile MPS VII and unaffected dogs were allocated to: radiography, gross morphology, histology, biochemistry, and mechanical testing. MPS VII spines had radiolucent lesions in the vertebral body epiphyses. Histologically, this corresponded to a GAG-rich cartilaginous region in place of bone and elevated GAG staining was seen in the annulus fibrosus. Biochemically, MPS VII samples had elevated GAG in the outer annulus fibrosus and epiphyses, low calcium in the epiphyses, and high water content in all regions except the nucleus pulposus. MPS VII spine segments had higher range of motion and lower stiffness than controls. Endplate indentation stiffness and failure loads were significantly lower in MPS VII samples, while annulus fibrosus tensile mechanical properties were normal. Vertebral body lesions in MPS VII spines suggest a failure to convert cartilage to bone during development. Low stiffness in these regions likely contributes to mechanical weakness in motion segments and is a potential factor in the progression of spinal deformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan J Smith
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John T Martin
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Spencer E Szczesny
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine P Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mark E Haskins
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dawn M Elliott
- McKay Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Metcalf JA, Linders B, Wu S, Bigg P, O’Donnell P, Sleeper MM, Whyte MP, Haskins M, Ponder KP. Upregulation of elastase activity in aorta in mucopolysaccharidosis I and VII dogs may be due to increased cytokine expression. Mol Genet Metab 2010; 99:396-407. [PMID: 20044292 PMCID: PMC2838970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis I (MPS I) and MPS VII are due to loss-of-function mutations within the genes that encode the lysosomal enzymes alpha-l-iduronidase and beta-glucuronidase, respectively, and result in accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and multisystemic disease. Both disorders are associated with elastin fragmentation and dilatation of the aorta. Here, the pathogenesis and effect of gene therapy on aortic disease in canine models of MPS was evaluated. We found that cathepsin S is upregulated at the mRNA and enzyme activity level, while matrix metalloproteinase 12 (MMP-12) is upregulated at the mRNA level, in aortas from untreated MPS I and MPS VII dogs. Both of these proteases can degrade elastin. In addition, mRNA levels for the interleukin 6-like cytokine oncostatin M were increased in MPS I and MPS VII dog aortas, while mRNA for tumor necrosis factor alpha and toll-like receptor 4 were increased in MPS VII dog aortas. These cytokines could contribute to upregulation of the elastases. Neonatal intravenous injection of a retroviral vector expressing beta-glucuronidase to MPS VII dogs reduced RNA levels of cathepsin S and MMP-12 and aortic dilatation was delayed, albeit dilatation developed at late times after gene therapy. A post-mortem aorta from a patient with MPS VII also exhibited elastin fragmentation. We conclude that aortic dilatation in MPS I and MPS VII dogs is likely due to degradation of elastin by cathepsin S and/or MMP-12. Inhibitors of these enzymes or these cytokine-induced signal transduction pathways might reduce aortic disease in patients with MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Metcalf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Bruce Linders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Susan Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Paul Bigg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
| | - Patricia O’Donnell
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Meg M. Sleeper
- Clinical Studies School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael P. Whyte
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospital for Children, St. Louis MO
| | - Mark Haskins
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Clinical Studies School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Katherine P. Ponder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis MO
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49
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Muro S. New biotechnological and nanomedicine strategies for treatment of lysosomal storage disorders. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 2:189-204. [PMID: 20112244 PMCID: PMC4002210 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the multiple bio- and nanotechnological strategies developed in the last few decades for treatment of a group of fatal genetic diseases termed lysosomal storage disorders. Some basic foundation on the biomedical causes and social and clinical relevance of these diseases is provided. Several treatment modalities, from those currently available to novel therapeutic approaches under development, are also discussed; these include gene and cell therapies, substrate reduction therapy, chemical chaperones, enzyme replacement therapy, multifunctional chimeras, targeting strategies, and drug carrier approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Muro
- Center for Biosystems Research, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
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50
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Podetz-Pedersen KM, Bell JB, Steele TWJ, Wilber A, Shier WT, Belur LR, McIvor RS, Hackett PB. Gene expression in lung and liver after intravenous infusion of polyethylenimine complexes of Sleeping Beauty transposons. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:210-20. [PMID: 19761403 PMCID: PMC2829452 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two methods of systemic gene delivery have been extensively explored, using the mouse as a model system: hydrodynamic delivery, wherein a DNA solution equivalent in volume to 10% of the mouse weight is injected intravenously in less than 10 sec, and condensation of DNA with polyethylenimine (PEI) for standard intravenous infusion. Our goal in this study was to evaluate quantitatively the kinetics of gene expression, using these two methods for delivery of Sleeping Beauty transposons. Transposons carrying a luciferase expression cassette were injected into mice either hydrodynamically or after condensation with PEI at a PEI nitrogen-to-DNA phosphate ratio of 7. Gene expression in the lungs and liver after hydrodynamic delivery resulted in exponential decay with a half-life of about 35-40 hr between days 1 and 14 postinjection. The decay kinetics of gene expression after PEI-mediated gene delivery were more complex; an initial decay rate of 6 hr was followed by a more gradual loss of activity. Consequently, the liver became the primary site of gene expression about 4 days after injection of PEI-DNA, and by 14 days expression in the liver was 10-fold higher than in the lung. Overall levels of gene expression 2 weeks postinjection were 100- to 1000-fold lower after PEI-mediated delivery compared with hydrodynamic injection. These results provide insight into the relative effectiveness and organ specificity of these two methods of nonviral gene delivery when coupled with the Sleeping Beauty transposon system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Podetz-Pedersen
- Beckman Center for Transposon Research, Center for Genome Engineering, Institute of Human Genetics, and Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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