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Kjølbæk L, Raben A. The impact of dairy matrix structure on postprandial lipid responses. Proc Nutr Soc 2024; 83:9-16. [PMID: 37728057 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123003622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
This review presents evidence related to the postprandial responses after consumption of dairy products focusing on the effect of the dairy matrix and lipid response, which was also presented as part of a speech at the Nutrition Society Winter Conference, January 2023. The key findings are that the dairy product(s) that differentiate from others in the postprandial TAG response are products with a semi-solid structure. There were no differences in lipid responses between cheese and butter. The main factors viscosity, fat globule size and milk fat globule membrane do not seem to explain the effect of the dairy matrix in the acute postprandial response. In summary, it is very difficult to investigate the effects of the dairy matrix per see and with the few studies conducted to date, no clear cause and effect can be established. Future research should focus on the semi-solid dairy matrix, and studies investigating specifically the yoghurt matrix are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Kjølbæk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
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2
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Jeong Y, Lee KW, Kim H, Kim Y. Association of milk and dairy product consumption with the incidence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease incidence in middle-aged and older Korean adults: a 16-year follow-up of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:1225-1237. [PMID: 38053820 PMCID: PMC10694427 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.6.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Unhealthy dietary behaviors constitute one of risk the factors for chronic and cardiovascular diseases, which are prevalent in middle-aged and older populations. Milk and dairy products are high-quality foods and important sources of calcium. Calcium protects against osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study investigated the association of milk and dairy product consumption with cardio-cerebrovascular disease incidence in middle-aged and older Korean adults. SUBJECTS/METHODS Data were derived from the Ansan-Anseong cohort study, and a total of 8,009 individuals aged 40-69 years were selected and followed up biennially. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the association of milk and dairy product consumption with cardio-cerebrovascular disease incidence. RESULTS During a mean follow-up period of 96.5 person-months, 552 new cases of cardio-cerebrovascular disease were documented. Milk consumers (< 1 serving/day) exhibited a 23% lower risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease incidence than non-milk consumers (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.61-0.97; P for trend = 0.842). High yogurt consumption was associated with a 29% lower incidence risk (≥ 0.5 servings/day vs. none: HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53-0.96; P for trend = 0.049), whereas high ice cream consumption was associated with a 70% higher risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease incidence (≥ 0.5 servings/day vs. none: HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.01-2.88; P for trend = 0.070). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that less than one serving of milk and high yogurt consumption are associated with a lower cardio-cerebrovascular disease risk in the middle-aged and older populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeseung Jeong
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Kyung Won Lee
- Department of Home Economics Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju 28173, Korea
| | - Hyekyeong Kim
- Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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Nestel PJ, Mori TA. Dairy Foods: Beneficial Effects of Fermented Products on Cardiometabolic Health. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:478-485. [PMID: 37226031 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00476-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review of recent observational studies and understanding of the complex nature of dairy foods is intended to reappraise the effects of different types of dairy foods on cardiovascular disease (CVD). RECENT FINDINGS Recent guidelines from major cardiovascular societies suggest that apart from the adverse effect of butter, consumption of more complex dairy products notably fermented varieties and yogurt in particular, appear to be inversely associated with outcomes of CVD and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Reduced fat in dairy food remains preferred for people at increased CVD risk. Changed evidence has led to new advice regarding consumption of some dairy foods. The apparent beneficial effects of fermented milk products, particularly yogurt, allow for increased consumption of nutritious staple foods. Recent national guidelines reflect this view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Nestel
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, 75 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Momin SR, Senn MK, Manichaikul A, Yang C, Mathias R, Phan M, Rich SS, Sergeant S, Seeds M, Reynolds L, Chilton FH, Wood AC. Dietary Sources of Linoleic Acid (LA) Differ by Race/Ethnicity in Adults Participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2017-2018. Nutrients 2023; 15:2779. [PMID: 37375683 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) is a primary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), which is of interest to nutritional professionals as it has been associated with health outcomes. However, as some LA-rich foods offer protection against chronic diseases such as CVD (e.g., fatty fish), while others increase risk (e.g., red meat), the individual foods contributing to LA intake may be an important factor to consider. Therefore, this analysis sought to examine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in the proportion of overall LA intake accounted for by individual food groups, via a cross-sectional analysis of 3815 adults participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2017-2018 cycle). Separate multivariable linear regressions models specified the proportion of overall LA intake attributable to each of the nine food groups (dairy, eggs, fat, fish, fruits and vegetables, grains, meat, nuts, and sweets) as the outcome, and race/ethnicity as the predictor, with age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) as covariates, in order to estimate whether there were mean differences by race/ethnicity in the proportion of overall LA intake attributable to each of these foods seperately. After a Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, eggs, grains, fruits and vegetables, meat, and fish each accounted for a different proportion of overall LA intake according to racial/ethnic grouping (all p < 0.006 after a Bonferroni correction). These findings indicate the food sources of LA in the diet differ by race/ethnicity, and warrant future investigations into whether this plays a role in health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam R Momin
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mackenzie K Senn
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Rasika Mathias
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Mimi Phan
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Susan Sergeant
- Department of Internal Medicine/Section on Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Michael Seeds
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Lindsay Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Floyd H Chilton
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Valk R, Hammill J, Grip J. Saturated fat: villain and bogeyman in the development of cardiovascular disease? Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022; 29:2312-2321. [PMID: 36059207 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwac194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of death. For decades, the conventional wisdom has been that the consumption of saturated fat (SFA) undermines cardiovascular health, clogs the arteries, increases risk of CVD, and leads to heart attacks. It is timely to investigate whether this claim holds up to scientific scrutiny. The purpose of this paper is to review and discuss recent scientific evidence on the association between dietary SFA and CVD. METHODS AND RESULTS PubMed, Google scholar, and Scopus were searched for articles published between 2010 and 2021 on the association between SFA consumption and CVD risk and outcomes. A review was conducted examining observational studies and prospective epidemiologic cohort studies, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies and prospective epidemiologic cohort studies, and long-term RCTs. Collectively, neither observational studies, prospective epidemiologic cohort studies, RCTs, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have conclusively established a significant association between SFA in the diet and subsequent cardiovascular risk and coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, or mortality nor a benefit of reducing dietary SFAs on CVD rick, events, and mortality. Beneficial effects of replacement of SFA by polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fat or carbohydrates remain elusive. CONCLUSION Findings from the studies reviewed in this paper indicate that the consumption of SFA is not significantly associated with CVD risk, events, or mortality. Based on the scientific evidence, there is no scientific ground to demonize SFA as a cause of CVD. SFA naturally occurring in nutrient-dense foods can be safely included in the diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reimara Valk
- American University in Dubai, Media City, P.O. Box 28282, Dubai, UAE
| | - James Hammill
- Trident Elite Training, Old Faculty Housing, Block B, Apt. 102, Media City, Dubai,UAE
| | - Jonas Grip
- IMI International Management Institute & University Centre, Zumhofweg 2, 6010 Kriens, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Cohen SS, Bylsma LC, Movva N, Alexander DD. Theoretical attributable risk analysis and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) based on increased dairy consumption. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1625. [PMID: 36030208 PMCID: PMC9420283 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of modifiable risk factors that may impact chronic disease risk is critical to public health. Our study objective was to conduct a theoretical population attributable risk analysis to estimate the burden of disease from low dairy intake and to estimate the impact of increased dairy intake on United States (US)-based disability adjusted life years (DALYs). Methods We conducted a comprehensive literature review to identify statistically significant summary relative risk estimates (SRREs) from recent meta-analyses of dairy consumption and key chronic disease outcomes. The SRREs were applied to preventive fractions using a range of categories (low to high) for population consumption of dairy products. The preventive fraction estimates were then applied to the number of DALYs for each health outcome in the US based on 2019 WHO estimates. The population attributable risk proportion estimates were calculated using the inverse of the SRRE from each meta-analysis using the same range of categories of consumption. These values were subsequently applied to the DALYs estimates to estimate the theoretical burden of disease attributable to low dairy intake. Results Statistically significant SRREs were identified in recent meta-analyses of total dairy consumption in relation to breast cancer, colorectal cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes (T2D), stroke, and hypertension. In this theoretical analysis, nearly 850,000 DALYs (or 5.0% of estimated years of healthy life lost) due to CVD and 200,000 DALYs (4.5%) due to T2D may be prevented by increased dairy consumption. Approximately 100,000 DALYs due to breast cancer (7.5%) and approximately 120,000 DALYs (8.5%) due to colorectal cancer may be prevented by high dairy intake. The numbers of DALYs for stroke and hypertension that may be prevented by increased dairy consumption were approximately 210,000 (6.0%) and 74,000 (5.5%), respectively. Conclusions Consumption of dairy products has been associated with decreased risk of multiple chronic diseases of significant public health importance. The burden of disease that may potentially be prevented by increasing dairy consumption is substantial, and population-wide improvement in meeting recommended daily dairy intake goals could have a notable public health impact. However, this analysis is theoretical, and thus additional studies providing empirical evidence are needed to further clarify potential relationships between dairy intake and various health outcomes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14042-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Cohen
- EpidStrategies, a division of ToxStrategies, Inc., 1249 Kildaire Farm Road #134, Cary, NC, 27511, USA.
| | - Lauren C Bylsma
- EpidStrategies, a division of ToxStrategies, Inc., 1249 Kildaire Farm Road #134, Cary, NC, 27511, USA
| | - Naimisha Movva
- EpidStrategies, a division of ToxStrategies, Inc., 1249 Kildaire Farm Road #134, Cary, NC, 27511, USA
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Plata-Pérez G, Angeles-Hernandez JC, Morales-Almaráz E, Del Razo-Rodríguez OE, López-González F, Peláez-Acero A, Campos-Montiel RG, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Vieyra-Alberto R. Oilseed Supplementation Improves Milk Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Cow Milk: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131642. [PMID: 35804541 PMCID: PMC9265076 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Oilseed supplementation is a strategy to improve milk production and milk composition in dairy cows; however, the response to this approach is inconsistent. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oilseed supplementation on milk production and milk composition in dairy cows via a meta-analysis and meta-regression. A comprehensive and structured search was performed using the following electronic databases: Google Scholar, Primo-UAEH and PubMed. The response variables were: milk yield (MY), atherogenic index (AI), Σ omega-3 PUFA, Σ omega-6 PUFA, fat, protein, lactose, linoleic acid (LA), linolenic acid (LNA), oleic acid (OA), vaccenic acid (VA), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents. The explanatory variables were breed, lactation stage (first, second, and third), oilseed type (linseed, soybean, rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower), way (whole, extruded, ground, and roasted), dietary inclusion level, difference of the LA, LNA, OA, forage and NDF of supplemented and control rations, washout period and experimental design. A meta-analysis was performed with the “meta” package of the statistical program R. A meta-regression analysis was applied to explore the sources of heretogeneity. The inclusion of oilseeds in dairy cow rations had a positive effect on CLA (+0.27 g 100 g−1 fatty acids (FA); p < 0.0001), VA (+1.03 g 100 g−1 FA; p < 0.0001), OA (+3.44 g 100 g−1 FA; p < 0.0001), LNA (+0.28 g 100 g−1 FA; p < 0.0001) and UFA (+8.32 g 100 g−1 FA; p < 0.0001), and negative effects on AI (−1.01; p < 0.0001), SFA (−6.51; p < 0.0001), fat milk (−0.11%; p < 0.001) and protein milk (−0.04%; p < 0.007). Fat content was affected by animal breed, lactation stage, type and processing of oilseed and dietary NDF and LA contents. CLA, LA, OA and UFA, desirable FA milk components, were affected by type, processing, and the intake of oilseed; additionally, the concentrations of CLA and VA are affected by washout and design. Oilseed supplementation in dairy cow rations has a positive effect on desirable milk components for human consumption. However, animal response to oilseed supplementation depends on explanatory variables related to experimental design, animal characteristics and the type of oilseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Plata-Pérez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (O.E.D.R.-R.); (A.P.-A.); (R.G.C.-M.)
| | - Juan C. Angeles-Hernandez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (O.E.D.R.-R.); (A.P.-A.); (R.G.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.A.-H.); (R.V.-A.)
| | - Ernesto Morales-Almaráz
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario 100 Ote, Toluca 50000, Mexico;
| | - Oscar E. Del Razo-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (O.E.D.R.-R.); (A.P.-A.); (R.G.C.-M.)
| | - Felipe López-González
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Instituto Literario No. 100 Ote, Toluca 50000, Mexico;
| | - Armando Peláez-Acero
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (O.E.D.R.-R.); (A.P.-A.); (R.G.C.-M.)
| | - Rafael G. Campos-Montiel
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (O.E.D.R.-R.); (A.P.-A.); (R.G.C.-M.)
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, UK;
| | - Rodolfo Vieyra-Alberto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Universidad km 1, Tulancingo de Bravo 43600, Mexico; (G.P.-P.); (O.E.D.R.-R.); (A.P.-A.); (R.G.C.-M.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.A.-H.); (R.V.-A.)
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Guo N, Zhu Y, Tian D, Zhao Y, Zhang C, Mu C, Han C, Zhu R, Liu X. Role of diet in stroke incidence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of prospective observational studies. BMC Med 2022; 20:194. [PMID: 35606791 PMCID: PMC9128224 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stroke is one of the major challenges for the global healthcare system, which makes it necessary to explore the relationship between various modifiable factors and stroke risk. Recently, numerous meta-analyses of prospective observational studies have reported that dietary factors played a key role in the occurrence of stroke. However, the conclusions of previous studies have remained controversial and unclear. Accordingly, we conducted an umbrella review synthesizing and recalculating available evidence to assess the certainty of the associations between dietary factors and stroke. METHODS Relevant meta-analyses examining the associations between dietary factors and stroke were searched in PubMed and Embase databases up to September 1, 2021. For each eligible meta-analysis, two independent reviewers appraised the methodologic quality using the AMSTAR 2 criteria and estimated the summary effect size, 95% confidence intervals, 95% prediction intervals, heterogeneity between studies, and small-study effects. Moreover, we further assessed the associations between dietary factors and ischemic stroke as well as hemorrhagic stroke. Lastly, a set of pre-specified criteria was applied to qualitatively evaluate the epidemiological credibility of each dietary factor. RESULTS Overall, our umbrella review included 122 qualified meta-analyses for qualitative synthesis, involving 71 dietary factors related to food groups, foods, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Using the AMSTAR 2 criteria, 5 studies were assessed as high quality, 4 studies as moderate quality, and 113 studies as low or critically low quality. We identified 34 dietary factors associated with stroke occurrence, 25 dietary factors related to ischemic stroke, and 11 factors related to hemorrhagic stroke. Among them, high/moderate certainty epidemiological evidence demonstrated an inverse association between intake of fruits (RR: 0.90) and vegetables (RR: 0.92) and stroke incidence, but a detrimental association between red meat (RR: 1.12), especially processed red meat consumption (RR:1.17), and stroke incidence. Besides, the evidence of high/moderate certainty suggested that the intake of processed meat, fruits, coffee, tea, magnesium, and dietary fiber was associated with ischemic stroke risk, while consumption of tea, fruits, and vegetables was relevant to hemorrhagic stroke susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS Our study has reported that several dietary factors have a significant impact on stroke risk and offered a new insight into the relationship between dietary modification and stroke occurrence. Our results may provide an effective strategy for stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Dandan Tian
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yating Zhao
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Changqing Mu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ruixia Zhu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, China.
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Kyprianidou M, Panagiotakos D, Makris KC, Kambanaros M, Christophi CA, Giannakou K. The Lifestyle Profile of Individuals with Cardiovascular and Endocrine Diseases in Cyprus: A Hierarchical, Classification Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081559. [PMID: 35458120 PMCID: PMC9027605 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to explore the lifestyle profile of adult individuals with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in Cyprus. Age and sex-specific analyses were applied. A representative sample of the general adult population was recruited during 2018–2019 using stratified sampling among the five government-controlled municipalities of the Republic of Cyprus. Data on Mediterranean diet adherence, quality of sleep, smoking status, physical activity, Body Mass Index, and the presence of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases were collected using a validated questionnaire. Diseases were classified according to the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10). A total of 1140 men and women over 18 years old (range: 18–94) participated in the study. The prevalence of cardiovascular and endocrine diseases among the adult general population of Cyprus was 24.8% and 17.2%, respectively, with a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases in men, and a higher prevalence of endocrine diseases in women. Among individuals with cardiovascular disease, 23.3% were aged between 18–44 years old, while the corresponding percentage among endocrine disease individuals was 48%. The prevalence of smoking, physical activity, a low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, poor quality of sleep and obesity among the study population was 35.5%, 48.0%, 32.9%, 39.0% and 13.6%, respectively. Individuals with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases were characterized by poor quality of sleep, inadequate physical activity, and a higher BMI. This is the first study in Cyprus exploring the profile of individuals with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases in Cyprus. Health promotion and educational programs focusing on the importance of sleep quality, healthier dietary habits, physical activity, and lower BMIs among people with cardiovascular and endocrine diseases should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kyprianidou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (M.K.); (K.C.M.); (C.A.C.)
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos C. Makris
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (M.K.); (K.C.M.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Maria Kambanaros
- Department of Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Costas A. Christophi
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental and Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol 3036, Cyprus; (M.K.); (K.C.M.); (C.A.C.)
| | - Konstantinos Giannakou
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-2255-9656
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Sellem L, Srour B, Jackson KG, Hercberg S, Galan P, Kesse-Guyot E, Julia C, Fezeu L, Deschasaux-Tanguy M, Lovegrove JA, Touvier M. Consumption of dairy products and CVD risk: results from the French prospective cohort NutriNet-Santé. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:752-762. [PMID: 33910667 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521001422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In France, dairy products contribute to dietary saturated fat intake, of which reduced consumption is often recommended for CVD prevention. Epidemiological evidence on the association between dairy consumption and CVD risk remains unclear, suggesting either null or inverse associations. This study aimed to investigate the associations between dairy consumption (overall and specific foods) and CVD risk in a large cohort of French adults. This prospective analysis included participants aged ≥18 years from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009-2019). Daily dietary intakes were collected using 24-h dietary records. Total dairy, milk, cheese, yogurts, fermented and reduced-fat dairy intakes were investigated. CVD cases (n 1952) included cerebrovascular disease (n 878 cases) and CHD (n 1219 cases). Multivariable Cox models were performed to investigate associations. This analysis included 104 805 French adults (mean age at baseline 42·8 (sd 14·6) years, mean follow-up 5·5 (sd 3·0) years, i.e. 579 155 person-years). There were no significant associations between dairy intakes and total CVD or CHD risks. However, the consumption of at least 160 g/d of fermented dairy (e.g. cheese and yogurts) was associated with a reduced risk of cerebrovascular diseases compared with intakes below 57 g/d (hazard ratio = 0·81 (95 % CI 0·66, 0·98), Ptrend = 0·01). Despite being a major dietary source of saturated fats, dairy consumption was not associated with CVD or CHD risks in this study. However, fermented dairy was associated with a lower cerebrovascular disease risk. Robust randomised controlled trials are needed to further assess the impact of consuming different dairy foods on CVD risk and potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laury Sellem
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Bernard Srour
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, Bobigny, France
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, Bobigny, France
- Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, Bobigny, France
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, Bobigny, France
| | - Chantal Julia
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, Bobigny, France
- Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, AP-HP, Bobigny, France
| | - Léopold Fezeu
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, Bobigny, France
| | - Mélanie Deschasaux-Tanguy
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, Bobigny, France
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Science, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Pepper Lane, Harry Nursten Building, Reading, RG6 6DZ, UK
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center, University of Paris (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, Bobigny, France
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11
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Lu Y, Matsuyama S, Sugawara Y, Sone T, Tsuji I. Dairy intake and incident functional disability among older Japanese adults: the Ohsaki Cohort 2006 Study. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:2627-2637. [PMID: 35246747 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02843-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have investigated the association between dairy intake and functional disability, but their results were inconsistent. Our study aimed to investigate whether dairy intake may protect against incident functional disability among Japanese older adults. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal analysis of dairy intake with incident functional disability in a prospective cohort study of 11,911 Japanese individuals aged ≥ 65 years who were followed up for 8.2 years on average. Data on milk, yogurt, and cheese intake were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Total dairy intake was the sum of the daily intake of milk, yogurt, and cheese, which was sex-specifically categorized in quintiles. Data on functional disability were retrieved from the public Long-term Care Insurance database. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for incident functional disability. RESULTS During 97,234 person-years of follow-up, 4874 persons (40.9%) were ascertained as having functional disability. Our study suggested a null association between total dairy intake and incident risk of functional disability; compared to Q1 (the lowest quintile) group, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95%CIs) were 0.96 (0.88-1.05) for Q2, 0.93 (0.85-1.02) for Q3, 0.93 (0.85-1.02) for Q4, and 1.01 (0.92-1.10) for Q5 (p-trend = 0.840). We did not find any associations between milk, yogurt, or cheese intake and incident risk of functional disability. CONCLUSION We found no evidence showing that dairy intake was associated with functional disability among Japanese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukai Lu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Sanae Matsuyama
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yumi Sugawara
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Toshimasa Sone
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tsuji
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University School of Public Health, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
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12
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Nestel PJ, Mori TA. Dairy Foods: Is Its Cardiovascular Risk Profile Changing? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:33-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-00984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Vieyra-Alberto R, Zetina-Martínez RE, Olivares-Pérez J, Galicia-Aguilar HH, Rojas-Hernández S, Ángeles-Hernández JC. Effect of soybean grain (Glycine max L.) supplementation on the production and fatty acid profile in milk of grazing cows in the dry tropics of Mexico. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:52. [PMID: 35024962 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03056-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Improving the lipid profile in milk of cows with the use of soybean grain (Glycine max L.) can be favored in the grazing systems in the dry tropics of Mexico. The objective was to evaluate the milk production, the chemical composition, and the fatty acids profile (FAs) of the milk of cows in continuous grazing and supplemented with and without ground roasted soybean in the dry tropics of Mexico. Ten cows randomly distributed in two equal groups were used. Daily during confinement for milking, the cows individually received the treatments on dry basis T0: supplement with 4.6 kg commercial concentrate® without soybean, T1: supplement with 3.7 kg commercial concentrate® with 380 g of soybean. During the 78 days of the experiment, milk production was measured in all cows, and samples were collected to determine the chemical composition and FAs profile. Milk production, protein, milk total fat, lactose, and non-fat solids did not vary with treatment (p >0.05). Linoleic acid content (C18: 2, cis, cis-∆9, ∆12) increased by 22% in milk fat of cows of the T1 (p ˂0.05). The sum of the mono- and polyunsaturated FAs 29.1%, the ratio of saturated-unsaturated FAs (1.65), and the atherogenicity index (1.71) also improved in the milk of cows supplemented with T1 (p ˂0.05). It was concluded that ground roasted soybean supplement in the diet of grazing dairy cows did not affect production and did improve the lipid profile in milk fat with favorable index to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Vieyra-Alberto
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias (ICAP), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n km 1, CP43760, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México.
| | - Reyna Elizabeth Zetina-Martínez
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Gestión Local, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia, CP 40101, Guerrero, México
| | - Jaime Olivares-Pérez
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Gestión Local, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia, CP 40101, Guerrero, México.
| | | | - Saúl Rojas-Hernández
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Gestión Local, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia, CP 40101, Guerrero, México
| | - Juan Carlos Ángeles-Hernández
- Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias (ICAP), Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Av. Rancho Universitario s/n km 1, CP43760, Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México
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Abstract
Milk proteins are known for their high nutritional quality, based on their essential amino acid composition, and they exhibit a wide range of bioactivities, including satiety, antimicrobial, mineral-binding, and anti-lipidemic properties. Because of their unique water solubility, milk proteins are readily separated into casein and whey fractions, which can be further fractionated into many individual proteins, including alpha-S1- and alpha-S2-caseins, beta-casein, and kappa-casein, and the whey proteins alpha-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, beta-lactoglobulin, and glycomacropeptide. Many of these proteins have unique bioactivities. Further, over the past 30 years, peptides that are encrypted in the primary amino acid sequences of proteins and released along with amino acids during digestion are increasingly recognized as biologically active protein metabolites that may have beneficial effects on human health. This review examines the current state of the science on the contribution of dairy proteins and their unique peptides and amino acids to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald K Layman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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15
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Abstract
The unique physical-chemical properties of foods directly impact their digestion and absorption. Dairy foods are key components of healthy eating patterns because they provide protein and essential vitamins and minerals to the diet. Additionally, scientific evidence has shown that the benefits of milk and dairy foods on health are due to the overall composition of the whole food rather than its individual nutrients. Indeed, the unique bioactive components of milk and dairy products are integral to the health benefits attributed to dairy foods. A better understanding of the dairy matrix and the protein- and fat-derived bioactive components of milk and dairy products will help inform evidence-based dietary guidance.
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16
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Nicholl A, Deering KE, Evelegh K, Lyons-Wall P, Lawrence D, Mori TA, Kratz M, O'Sullivan TA. Whole-fat dairy products do not adversely affect adiposity or cardiometabolic risk factors in children in the Milky Way Study: a double-blind randomized controlled pilot study. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:2025-2042. [PMID: 34633422 PMCID: PMC8634568 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence supports the common public health guideline that children >2 y of age should consume dairy with reduced fat content. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effects of whole-fat compared with reduced-fat dairy intake on measures of adiposity and biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in healthy 4- to 6-y-old children. METHODS The Milky Way Study enrolled 49 children (mean ± SD age: 5.2 ± 0.9 y; 47% girls) who were habitual consumers of whole-fat dairy, then randomly assigned them in a double-blind fashion to remain on whole-fat dairy or switch their dairy consumption to reduced-fat products for 3 mo. Primary endpoints included measures of adiposity, body composition, blood pressure, fasting serum lipids, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and C-reactive protein (CRP) and were assessed at baseline and study end. Pre- and postintervention results were compared using linear mixed models, adjusted for growth, age, and sex. RESULTS Dairy fat intake was reduced by an adjusted (mean ± SEM) 12.9 ± 4.1 g/d in the reduced-fat compared with the whole-fat dairy group (95% CI: -21.2, -4.6 g/d; P = 0.003), whereas dietary energy intakes remained similar (P = 0.936). We found no significant differential changes between dairy groups in any measure of adiposity, body composition, blood pressure, or fasting serum lipids, glucose, HbA1c, and CRP. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that although changing from whole-fat to reduced-fat dairy products does reduce dairy fat intake, it does not result in changes to markers of adiposity or cardiometabolic disease risk in healthy children.This trial was registered at www.anzctr.org.au as ACTRN12616001642471.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kane E Deering
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kate Evelegh
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Philippa Lyons-Wall
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Lawrence
- Graduate School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Education, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mario Kratz
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Therese A O'Sullivan
- Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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17
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Li Y, Ma Q, Liu G, Wang C. Effects of donkey milk on oxidative stress and inflammatory response. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13935. [PMID: 34519070 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Donkey milk is gaining interest as a natural nutritional and medicinal product, mainly because its composition is similar to that of human milk, and it has some potential biological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Considering the increasing prevalence of several chronic diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation and the multiple beneficial properties and nutritional value of donkey milk, an up-to-date review of the current studies related to the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory abilities of donkey milk is necessary. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the relationship between inflammation and oxidative stress; and to further systematically review the progress of recent research on donkey milk, mainly including its nutritional value and functional properties. Particularly, we highlighted the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of donkey milk using in vitro model, animal model, and the potential role of donkey milk in alleviating some chronic diseases related to inflammation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This paper was conducted on anti-inflammation and antioxidant activities of donkey milk and its related products, in addition to a summary of the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation and the value of donkey milk. Donkey milk and its related products have been shown to scavenge reactive oxygen species, activate the antioxidant system, enhance immune function, and maintain the balance of intestinal flora in in vitro and in vivo models. This paper should provide a better understanding of the influences of oxidative stress and inflammation on host health and the biological functions and application of donkey milk, and will provide a certain basis for the nutritional regulation of several chronic diseases related to oxidative stress and inflammation. However, the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. In addition, few clinical studies have been performed to establish its multiple benefits in humans. Further research is warranted to evaluate its impacts on health at molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qingshan Ma
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Guiqin Liu
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Changfa Wang
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Efficient Breeding and Ecological Feeding of Black Donkey, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Trieu K, Bhat S, Dai Z, Leander K, Gigante B, Qian F, Korat AVA, Sun Q, Pan XF, Laguzzi F, Cederholm T, de Faire U, Hellénius ML, Wu JHY, Risérus U, Marklund M. Biomarkers of dairy fat intake, incident cardiovascular disease, and all-cause mortality: A cohort study, systematic review, and meta-analysis. PLoS Med 2021; 18:e1003763. [PMID: 34547017 PMCID: PMC8454979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate the association of serum pentadecanoic acid (15:0), a biomarker of dairy fat intake, with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in a Swedish cohort study. We also systematically reviewed studies of the association of dairy fat biomarkers (circulating or adipose tissue levels of 15:0, heptadecanoic acid [17:0], and trans-palmitoleic acid [t16:1n-7]) with CVD outcomes or all-cause mortality. METHODS AND FINDINGS We measured 15:0 in serum cholesterol esters at baseline in 4,150 Swedish adults (51% female, median age 60.5 years). During a median follow-up of 16.6 years, 578 incident CVD events and 676 deaths were identified using Swedish registers. In multivariable-adjusted models, higher 15:0 was associated with lower incident CVD risk in a linear dose-response manner (hazard ratio 0.75 per interquintile range; 95% confidence interval 0.61, 0.93, P = 0.009) and nonlinearly with all-cause mortality (P for nonlinearity = 0.03), with a nadir of mortality risk around median 15:0. In meta-analyses including our Swedish cohort and 17 cohort, case-cohort, or nested case-control studies, higher 15:0 and 17:0 but not t16:1n-7 were inversely associated with total CVD, with the relative risk of highest versus lowest tertile being 0.88 (0.78, 0.99), 0.86 (0.79, 0.93), and 1.01 (0.91, 1.12), respectively. Dairy fat biomarkers were not associated with all-cause mortality in meta-analyses, although there were ≤3 studies for each biomarker. Study limitations include the inability of the biomarkers to distinguish different types of dairy foods and that most studies in the meta-analyses (including our novel cohort study) only assessed biomarkers at baseline, which may increase the risk of misclassification of exposure levels. CONCLUSIONS In a meta-analysis of 18 observational studies including our new cohort study, higher levels of 15:0 and 17:0 were associated with lower CVD risk. Our findings support the need for clinical and experimental studies to elucidate the causality of these relationships and relevant biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy Trieu
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Saiuj Bhat
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Zhaoli Dai
- Centre for Health Systems and Safety Research, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School and the Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Karin Leander
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Qian
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andres V. Ardisson Korat
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xiong-Fei Pan
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Federica Laguzzi
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mai-Lis Hellénius
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jason H. Y. Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matti Marklund
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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He M, Guo Z, Lu Z, Wei S, Wang Z. High milk consumption is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in middle and old-aged Chinese. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL CARDIOLOGY HYPERTENSION 2021; 5:100031. [PMID: 33447760 PMCID: PMC7803059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchy.2020.100031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Carotid atherosclerosis (CA) can reflect atherosclerotic status of systemic vessels, and is associated with ischemic stroke and cognitive impairment. Milk consumption is growing in China, and data are limited on the association between milk and CA risk. Methods Participants aged ≥40 years in China National Stroke Prevention Project were recruited for carotid ultrasound examination, and those with carotid endarterectomy, carotid stenting stroke or coronary heart disease were excluded. Participants were defined as having CA when intima-media thickness (IMT) ≥1 mm or plaques were detected by ultrasonography. For milk consumption, though contents were not analyzed, people were divided into high consumption (≥200 ml/day and ≥5 day/week) and low consumption (occasional or never) groups. Multivariate logistics regression analyses were done in both full and propensity score-matched population to identify the association between milk consumption and CA. Results 84880 participants were included in the final analysis. After being adjusted by age, gender, living location, smoking habits, drinking habits, physical activity, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, high milk consumption is associated with CA in both full population (odds ratio [OR] = 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19-1.33) and propensity score-matched population (OR = 1.25, 95%CI 1.17-1.34). High milk consumption is also a risk factor for IMT thickening (OR = 1.15, 95%CI 1.08-1.23), carotid plaque formation (OR = 1.17, 95%CI 1.09-1.25) and carotid stenosis over 50% (OR = 1.52, 95%CI 1.10-2.14) in the propensity score-matched population. Conclusions High milk consumption is related to CA in middle and old-aged Chinese population. More cautious advice on milk intake should be given in this population for prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zaogeng Guo
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zuxun Lu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health,Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Wang
- Health Science Center, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Innovation Platform of Translational Research for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Shenzhen, China
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Jin S, Je Y. Dairy Consumption and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults and Elderly People. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2020; 19:272-280. [PMID: 33373535 DOI: 10.1089/met.2020.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To investigate the association of dairy consumption with metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a representative sample of Korean adult and elderly population. Methods: We used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2013-2018. A total of 18,206 adults (19-64 years) and 5113 elderly people (≥65 years) were included in the analysis. Dairy product consumption was assessed with a 24-hr dietary recall, and the subjects were divided into three groups based on their total dairy consumption (0, <1, ≥1 serving/day). The primary outcome, MetS, was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity. Results: After adjusting for covariates, high dairy consumption was associated with 12% lower odds of MetS in adults compared with no dairy consumption [odds ratio (OR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.78-0.998, P for trend = 0.048]. A similar inverse association was found in adult men (OR 0.84, 95% CI 0.71-0.99), but no significant association was found in adult women (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.78-1.11). For the elderly, high dairy consumption was associated with 20% lower odds of MetS (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65-0.98, P for trend = 0.020); a significant inverse association was shown in elderly women (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.94) but not in elderly men (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.68-1.28). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that one or more servings/day of dairy products were associated with lower prevalence of MetS in Korean adult men and elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyue Jin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youjin Je
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Poppitt SD. Cow's Milk and Dairy Consumption: Is There Now Consensus for Cardiometabolic Health? Front Nutr 2020; 7:574725. [PMID: 33364249 PMCID: PMC7753100 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.574725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk and dairy products derived from this complex food source have long been proposed as beneficial to human health, yet underlying clinical evidence of direct benefit continues to raise controversy. Limited evidence supports positive cardiometabolic effects of a number of dairy macro- and micronutrient components including whey protein and casein, unsaturated fats, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and polar phospholipids, vitamin D and calcium, in addition to non-bovine components including bacterial and yeast probiotics. More controversial remain lipid components trans fats, including trans vaccenic acid, trans palmitoleic acid, and conjugated cis trans linoleic acid (CLA), plus medium-chain and odd-chain dairy fats. New evidence is rapidly identifying multiple pathways by which these dairy nutrients may effect health. Processing, including fermentation and homogenization, may also have positive effects. Conversely, the high saturated fat content of dairy has long raised concern, aligned with international guidelines to minimize dietary intake of animal-origin saturated fatty acids (SFA) to achieve better cardiometabolic health. However, led in part by observational studies and meta-analyses showing dairy to have no or even an inverse association with cardiometabolic health, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) has been scrutinized over the last 5 years, and focus on low-fat dairy has been challenged. Recent evidence supports the hypothesis that adverse effects of SFAs on metabolic health may be ameliorated when these fats are consumed within a complex matrix such as milk, cheese or yogurt, and that dairy food categories may influence outcomes as much as total fat content. For example, yogurt and high-fat, high-SFA cheese have a negative association with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in many, not all, published trials. However, large sample dairy RCTs of long duration with CVD or T2D incidence as primary endpoints are lacking. This is a clear research gap, with these clinical studies required if a causative link between dairy and improved cardiometabolic health is to be confirmed and in turn promoted through dietary guidelines. Current advisories from national guidance groups such as American Heart Association (AHA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) continue to promote consumption of low-fat dairy products, whilst liquid milk and yogurt remain part of nutrition guidelines from joint American Diabetes Association (ADA)/European Association for Study of Diabetes (EASD) reports, and as part of a "no-one-size-fits-all" answer to diet and T2D by the ADA in their most recent 2019 Consensus Report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally D. Poppitt
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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22
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Chartres N, Fabbri A, McDonald S, Diong J, McKenzie JE, Bero L. Association of food industry ties with findings of studies examining the effect of dairy food intake on cardiovascular disease and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039036. [PMID: 33277278 PMCID: PMC7722392 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if the association of dairy foods with cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes differs between studies with food industry ties versus those without industry ties. To determine whether studies with or without industry ties differ in their risk of bias. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We included cohort and case-control studies that estimated the association of dairy foods with CVD outcomes in healthy adults. INFORMATION SOURCES We searched eight databases on 1 February 2019 from 2000 to 2019 and hand searched reference lists. RISK OF BIAS We used the Risk of Bias in Non-Randomised Studies-of Exposure tool. INCLUDED STUDIES 43 studies (3 case-controls, 40 cohorts). SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS There was no clear evidence of an association between studies with industry ties (1/14) versus no industry ties (8/29) and the reporting of favourable results, risk ratio (RR)=0.26 (95% CI 0.04 to 1.87; n=43 studies) and studies with industry ties (4/14) versus no industry ties (11/29) and favourable conclusions, RR=0.75 (95% CI 0.29 to 1.95; n=43). Studies with industry sponsorship, (HR=0.78; n=3 studies) showed a decreased magnitude of risk of CVD outcomes compared with studies with no industry sponsorship (HR=0.97; n=18) (ratio of HRs 0.80 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.97); p=0.03). STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF EVIDENCE Every study had an overall high risk of bias rating; this was primarily due to confounding. INTERPRETATION There was no clear evidence of an association between studies with food industry ties and the reporting of favourable results and conclusions compared with studies without industry ties. The statistically significant difference in the magnitude of effects identified in industry-sponsored studies compared with non-industry-sponsored studies, however, is important in quantifying industry influence on studies included in dietary guidelines. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019129659.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Chartres
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alice Fabbri
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Odense (CEBMO), Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sally McDonald
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanna Diong
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joanne E McKenzie
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Bero
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW We have focused on recent research relevant to effects of dietary patterns and major food groups on cardiovascular outcomes, taking into account guidelines and position statements from expert authorities, with an emphasis on important changes in recommendations, some of which remain controversial. RECENT FINDINGS Major findings include: refocusing on qualitative patterns of food consumption replacing quantitative prescriptive advice on nutrients; increasing intake of plant foods; substituting saturated fats with polyunsaturated and monounsaturated oils; reducing salt intake; regular consumption of fish with a focus on omega-3 enrichment; not restricting dairy foods, other than butter and cream, with encouragement of some fermented products; reducing cholesterol intake for those at increased cardiovascular risk and diabetes, allowing 7-eggs weekly; restricting processed meats and allowing moderate lean meat consumption; preference for fiber-rich complex carbohydrates and reduced sugar intake; maintaining healthy bodyweight; and although water is the preferred beverage, allowing moderate alcohol consumption to national guidelines and avoiding alcohol in specific cardiovascular disorders. SUMMARY The new approach that focuses on healthier patterns of food intake is more readily understood by health practitioners and translatable to consumers and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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24
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Kouvari M, Panagiotakos DB, Chrysohoou C, Georgousopoulou EN, Yannakoulia M, Tousoulis D, Pitsavos C. Dairy products, surrogate markers, and cardiovascular disease; a sex-specific analysis from the ATTICA prospective study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2020; 30:2194-2206. [PMID: 32988722 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dairy products are a very diverse food group with multiple effects on the cardiac health of men and women. The aim of this work was to evaluate the sex-specific association between dairy products (total and subtypes) and 10-year first fatal/nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence. METHODS AND RESULTS In 2001-2002, n = 1514 men and n = 1528 women (>18 years old) from greater Athens area, Greece, were enrolled. Dietary assessment was based on a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Dairy product consumption was examined in relation to 10-year CVD incidence. Follow-up (2011-2012) was achieved in n = 2020 participants (n = 317 CVD cases). Ranking from lowest (<1 serving/day) to highest (>2 servings/day) total dairy intake, CVD incidence in men was 17.8%, 15.0%, and 10.9% (p = 0.41), while in women it was 14%, 6.0%, and 5.7% (p = 0.02). Multiadjusted analysis revealed that total dairy intake protected against CVD only in women [Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.48 and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI) (0.23, 0.90)], irrespective of the fat content. Further analysis revealed that only fermented products (yogurt and cheese), protected against CVD. For per 200 g/day yogurt consumption, CVD risk was 20%-30% lower with this claim being more evident in women, while for per 30 g/day cheese intake, about 5% lower risk was observed particularly in men. As for butter, nonsignificant associations were highlighted. These associations were mainly retained in the case of hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and systemic inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This work provides incentives for researchers to elucidate the diversity of ingredients and mechanisms through which dairy products exert their effect on cardiac health separately for men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matina Kouvari
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ekavi N Georgousopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece; School of Medicine, The University of Notre Dame, Sydney, Australia; Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tousoulis
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Pitsavos
- First Cardiology Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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25
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Joslin SEK, Durbin-Johnson BP, Britton M, Settles ML, Korf I, Lemay DG. Association of the Lactase Persistence Haplotype Block With Disease Risk in Populations of European Descent. Front Genet 2020; 11:558762. [PMID: 33193640 PMCID: PMC7658388 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.558762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among people of European descent, the ability to digest lactose into adulthood arose via strong positive selection of a highly advantageous allele encompassing the lactase gene. Lactose-tolerant and intolerant individuals may have different disease risks due to the shared genetics of their haplotype block. Therefore, the overall objective of the study was to assess the genetic association of the lactase persistence haplotype to disease risk. Using data from the 1000Genomes project, we estimated the size of the lactase persistence haplotype block to be 1.9 Mbp containing up to 9 protein-coding genes and a microRNA. Based on the function of the genes and microRNA, we studied health phenotypes likely to be impacted by the lactase persistence allele: prostate cancer status, cardiovascular disease status, and bone mineral density. We used summary statistics from large genome-wide metanalyses—32,965 bone mineral density, 140,306 prostate cancer and 184,305 coronary artery disease subjects—to evaluate whether the lactase persistence allele was associated with these disease phenotypes. Despite the fact that previous work demonstrated that the lactase persistence haplotype block harbors increased deleterious mutations, these results suggest little effect on the studied disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blythe P Durbin-Johnson
- UC Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Public Health Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Ian Korf
- UC Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, UC Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Danielle G Lemay
- UC Davis Genome Center, Davis, CA, United States.,USDA ARS Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Nutrition, UC Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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26
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Nestel PJ, Beilin LJ, Clifton PM, Watts GF, Mori TA. Practical Guidance for Food Consumption to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2020; 30:163-179. [PMID: 33158734 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This dietary guidance, informed by best contemporary evidence, aims to assist medical practitioners and allied health professionals in advising patients for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While differing in some details from other current guidelines, the core messages accord with those published in 2019 by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society; the National Lipid Association in 2014 and the NH&MRC Australian Dietary Guidelines in 2013. These were assessed through the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) and the levels of evidence and classes of a recommendation developed using the GRADE system. Recommendations with high levels of evidence include increased consumption of plant based foods comprising mainly complex, fibre enriched carbohydrates (wholegrains, fruits and vegetables) while limiting intake of refined starches; partial replacement of saturated fats with monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats and oils; reduced salt intake; achievement and maintenance of healthy weight; and low-to-moderate consumption of alcohol. Additional guidance but with moderate levels of evidence includes increased consumption of fish (and fish oils where indicated); reduction in sugar-sweetened beverages and added sugars; avoidance of butter and cream especially in those at increased CVD risk but encouragement of yoghurt; allow moderate consumption of lean meat but limit intake of processed meats; and limit cholesterol-rich foods such as eggs and crustaceans for those at increased CVD risk. Guidance has been formulated qualitatively on food categories of commonly eaten foods while avoiding prescriptive quantitative measures that are less readily translatable. This approach accords with current guidelines such as the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2019 guidelines and is understandable and readily implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Nestel
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peter M Clifton
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gerald F Watts
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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27
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Replacing the nutrients in dairy foods with non-dairy foods will increase cost, energy intake and require large amounts of food: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Public Health Nutr 2020; 25:332-343. [PMID: 32713399 PMCID: PMC8883599 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020001937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The US Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends increased consumption of the dairy group to three daily servings for ages 9+ years to help achieve adequate intakes of prominent shortfall nutrients. Identifying affordable, consumer-acceptable foods to replace dairy’s shortfall nutrients is important especially for people who avoid dairy. Design: Linear programming identified food combinations to replace dairy’s protein and shortfall nutrients. We examined cost, energy and dietary implications of replacing dairy with food combinations optimised for lowest cost, fewest kJ or the smallest amount of food by weight. Setting: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2014). Participants: Nationally representative sample of US population; 2 years and older (n 15 830). Results: Phase 1 (only dairy foods excluded): when optimised for lowest cost or fewest kJ, all non-dairy food replacements required large amounts (2·5–10 cups) of bottled/tap water. Phase 2 (dairy and unreasonable non-dairy foods excluded (e.g. baby foods; tap/bottled water): when intake of non-dairy foods was constrained to <90th percentile of current intake, the lowest cost food combination replacements for dairy cost 0·5 times more and provide 5·7 times more energy; the lowest energy food combinations cost 5·9 times more, provide 2·5 times more energy and require twice the amount of food by weight; and food combinations providing the smallest amount of food by weight cost 3·5 times more and provide five times more energy than dairy. Conclusions: Identifying affordable, consumer-acceptable foods that can replace dairy’s shortfall nutrients at both current and recommended dairy intakes remains a challenge.
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28
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Nieddu A, Vindas L, Errigo A, Vindas J, Pes GM, Dore MP. Dietary Habits, Anthropometric Features and Daily Performance in Two Independent Long-Lived Populations from Nicoya peninsula (Costa Rica) and Ogliastra (Sardinia). Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061621. [PMID: 32492804 PMCID: PMC7352961 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Longevity Blue Zones (LBZs) are populations characterized by exceptional longevity. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare the food habits of two representative samples of the oldest old subjects from the population residing in the LBZs of Nicoya peninsula (Costa Rica) and in the mountainous part of Ogliastra (Sardinia, Italy). (2) Methods: Data were collected using validated tools, including a food frequency questionnaire, Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales for functional autonomy, body mass index, and waist and limbs circumferences. (3) Results: A total of 210 subjects, 60 (31 male) from Nicoya (age range 80–109 years), and 150 (61 male) from Ogliastra (age 90–101 years) were included in the study. In both populations, the highest frequencies of consumption were recorded for plant-derived foods (cereals 60–80% daily, legumes ≥ 80% daily in Nicoya, ≥ 60% 2–5 servings/week in Ogliastra), followed by those of animal origin (dairy products, meat) ≥60% and 80% daily, in Nicoya and Ogliastra, respectively. The frequency of milk consumption showed a positive correlation with BADL (ρ = 0.268 for Nicoya and ρ = 0.214 for Ogliastra) and IADL scores (ρ = 0.466 for Nicoya and ρ = 0.471 for Ogliastra), whereas legumes consumption correlated negatively with self-rated health (ρ = −0.264) and IADL (ρ = −0.332). (4) Conclusions: Our results indicate that the dominant dietary model among the elderly of Nicoya and Ogliastra is a plant-based diet complemented by a non-negligible consumption of animal products, mostly dairy products. Further prospective studies are needed to ascertain a possible cause–effect relationship between food habits and increased likelihood of reaching advanced age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Nieddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.N.); (G.M.P.)
| | - Laura Vindas
- Asociación Península de Nicoya–Zona Azul, 145-1100 San José, Costa Rica; (L.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Alessandra Errigo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/b, I-07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Jorge Vindas
- Asociación Península de Nicoya–Zona Azul, 145-1100 San José, Costa Rica; (L.V.); (J.V.)
| | - Giovanni Mario Pes
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.N.); (G.M.P.)
- Sardinia Longevity Blue Zone Observatory, 08040 Ogliastra, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Dore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e Sperimentali, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 8, I-07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.N.); (G.M.P.)
- Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-079-229886
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29
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Ehrampoush E, Nazari N, Homayounfar R, Ghaemi A, Osati S, Tahamtan S, Hashempur MH, Bahmanyar M. Association between dietary patterns with insulin resistance in an Iranian population. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2020; 36:45-52. [PMID: 32220368 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the association between dietary patterns no single food or group, and risk of insulin resistance (Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Fasting insulin, 2h-glucose, 2h-insulin and HOMA-IR). METHODS In a cross-sectional, population-based study in Tehran, Iran, 2016-2017. Adults (n = 1500, 38% men) mean age 43.72 ± 14.9 years. Dietary intake was collected by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and insulin resistance was evaluated by Fasting blood sugar (FBS), Fasting insulin, 2h glucose, 2h insulin and HOMA-IR. Associations were assessed by using correlation and multivariable linear regression. RESULTS After controlling of the confounding factor or possible underlying such as gender, age, menopausal, BMI, physical activity and the amount of daily energy intake, unhealthy dietary pattern had a positive relationship with all indexes of insulin resistance except 2h glucose and HOMA-IR, healthy dietary pattern had negative and significant relationship with indexes of insulin resistance but apart from 2h glucose. CONCLUSIONS It can be figured out that receiving diet rich in healthy foods might reduce the risk of creating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Ehrampoush
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nahid Nazari
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Reza Homayounfar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran; Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran; National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Ghaemi
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Faculty of Public Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeed Osati
- National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Tahamtan
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Bahmanyar
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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30
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Hirahatake KM, Bruno RS, Bolling BW, Blesso C, Alexander LM, Adams SH. Dairy Foods and Dairy Fats: New Perspectives on Pathways Implicated in Cardiometabolic Health. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:266-279. [PMID: 31555799 PMCID: PMC7442361 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-fat and nonfat dairy products have been promoted as part of a healthy dietary pattern by both US dietary guidelines and professional organizations for several decades. The basis for this recommendation stems in part from the putative negative cardiometabolic effects associated with saturated fat consumption. However, as nutrition research has shifted from a single nutrient to a whole-food/dietary pattern approach, the role of dairy foods and dairy fat in the diet-disease relationship is being reexamined. Most observational and experimental evidence does not support a detrimental relationship between full-fat dairy intake and cardiometabolic health, including risks of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Indeed, an expanded understanding of the dairy food matrix and the bioactive properties of dairy fats and other constituents suggests a neutral or potentially beneficial role in cardiometabolic health. To consider how consuming dairy foods, including full-fat dairy, is associated with cardiometabolic health, this review provides an innovative perspective on mechanisms that link dairy consumption to 3 main biological systems at the core of metabolic health, the gastrointestinal, hepatic, and vascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Hirahatake
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bradley W Bolling
- Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher Blesso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Lacy M Alexander
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Development, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Sean H Adams
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA,Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA,Address correspondence to SHA (e-mail: )
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31
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Due to inconsistent findings on dairy consumption and CVD and all-cause mortality, we performed a narrative literature review to the current literature on dairy and its association with CVD. RECENT FINDINGS Due to their complex biochemistry, dairy consumption is a rather heterogeneous exposure. Multiple pathways have been proposed from dairy consumption and CVD. Current guidelines advocate for consumption of low-fat dairy products particularly milk, cheese, and yogurt, although the evidence for this is scant. Randomized clinical trials and large prospective studies on lipid-related cardiometabolic disease risk factors are consistent with results from most meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies, which suggest null or inverse relationship between CVD risk and mortality with dairy consumption although there is no clear dose response relationship. Most of current evidence suggests that dairy products are neutral or positive effect on human cardiovascular diseases.
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32
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Health Care Costs and Savings Associated with Increased Dairy Consumption among Adults in the United States. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010233. [PMID: 31963237 PMCID: PMC7019333 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to estimate the impact on health care costs if United States (US) adults increased their dairy consumption to meet Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommendations. METHODS Risk estimates from recent meta-analyses quantifying the association between dairy consumption and health outcomes were combined with the increase in dairy consumption under two scenarios where population mean dairy intakes from the 2015-2016 What We Eat in America were increased to meet the DGA recommendations: (1) according to proportions by type as specified in US Department of Agriculture Food Intake Patterns and (2) assuming the consumption of a single dairy type. The resulting change in risk was combined with published data on annual health care costs to estimate impact on costs. Health care costs were adjusted to account for potential double counting due to overlapping comorbidities of the health outcomes included. RESULTS Total dairy consumption among adults in the US was 1.49 cup-equivalents per day (c-eq/day), requiring an increase of 1.51 c-eq/day to meet the DGA recommendation. Annual cost savings of $12.5 billion (B) (range of $2.0B to $25.6B) were estimated based on total dairy consumption resulting from a reduction in stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and colorectal cancer and an increased risk of Parkinson's disease and prostate cancer. Similar annual cost savings were estimated for an increase in low-fat dairy consumption ($14.1B; range of $0.8B to $27.9B). Among dairy sub-types, an increase of approximately 0.5 c-eq/day of yogurt consumption alone to help meet the DGA recommendations resulted in the highest annual cost savings of $32.5B (range of $16.5B to $52.8B), mostly driven by a reduction in type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Adoption of a dietary pattern with increased dairy consumption among adults in the US to meet DGA recommendations has the potential to provide billions of dollars in savings.
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Kovalskys I, Rigotti A, Koletzko B, Fisberg M, Gómez G, Herrera-Cuenca M, Cortés Sanabria LY, Yépez García MC, Pareja RG, Zimberg IZ, Del Arco A, Zonis L, Previdelli AN, Guajardo V, Moreno LA, Fisberg R. Latin American consumption of major food groups: Results from the ELANS study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225101. [PMID: 31877144 PMCID: PMC6932811 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Latin American (LA) region is still facing an ongoing epidemiological transition and shows a complex public health scenario regarding non-communicable diseases (NCDs). A healthy diet and consumption of specific food groups may decrease the risk of NCDs, however there is a lack of dietary intake data in LA countries. OBJECTIVE Provide updated data on the dietary intake of key science-based selected food groups related to NCDs risk in LA countries. DESIGN ELANS (Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health) is a multicenter cross-sectional study assessing food consumption from an urban sample between15 to 65 years old from 8 LA countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela). Two 24-HR were obtained from 9,218 individuals. The daily intake of 10 food groups related to NCDs risk (fruits; vegetables; legumes/beans; nuts and seeds; whole grains products; fish and seafood; yogurt; red meat; processed meats; sugar-sweetened beverages (ready-to-drink and homemade)) were assessed and compared to global recommendations. RESULTS Only 7.2% of the overall sample reached WHO's recommendation for fruits and vegetables consumption (400 grams per day). Regarding the dietary patterns related to a reduced risk of NCDs, among the overall sample legumes and fruits were the food groups with closer intake to the recommendation, although much lower than expected (13.1% and 11.5%, respectively). Less than 3.5% of the sample met the optimal consumption level of vegetables, nuts, whole grains, fish and yogurt. Largest country-dependent differences in average daily consumption were found for legumes, nuts, fish, and yogurt. Mean consumption of SSB showed large differences between countries. CONCLUSION Diet intake quality is deficient for nutrient-dense food groups, suggesting a higher risk for NCDs in the urban LA region in upcoming decades. These data provide relevant and up-to-date information to take urgent public health actions to improve consumption of critically foods in order to prevent NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kovalskys
- Nutrition, Health and Wellbeing Area, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Pontifica Universidad Catolica Argentina Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Attilio Rigotti
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Centro de Nutrición Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Instituto Pensi, Fundação Jose Luiz Egydio Setubal, Hospital Infantil Sabara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Georgina Gómez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marianella Herrera-Cuenca
- Centro de Estudios del Desarrollo, Universidad Central de Venezuela (CENDES-UCV)/Fundación Bengoa, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | - Ioná Zalcman Zimberg
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Del Arco
- Departamento de Pediatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Zonis
- Nutrition, Health and Wellbeing Area, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Viviana Guajardo
- Nutrition, Health and Wellbeing Area, International Life Science Institute (ILSI-Argentina), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Regina Fisberg
- Departmento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bylsma LC, Gillezeau C, Garawin TA, Kelsh MA, Fryzek JP, Sangaré L, Lowe KA. Prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations in metastatic colorectal cancer patients by tumor sidedness: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1044-1057. [PMID: 31856410 PMCID: PMC6997095 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have shown that the prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations may differ by tumor sidedness among metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients. Both mutation status and tumor sidedness may impact survival and disease progression and RAS mutation status has been shown to predict response to anti‐epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy. A systematic literature review and meta‐analysis were conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of RAS and BRAF mutations by tumor sidedness in studies of mCRC patients. Forty‐four studies comprising 15 981 mCRC patients tested for RAS and/or BRAF mutations were included in the meta‐analyses. The prevalence of RAS mutations differed significantly by tumor side (32.4% among left‐sided tumors, 41.3% among right‐sided tumors; P = .017), as did the prevalence of KRAS mutations (35.8% among left‐sided tumors, 46.3% among right‐sided tumors; P < .0001) and BRAF mutations (4.3% among left‐sided tumors, 16.3% among right‐sided tumors; P < .0001). Among right‐sided tumors, the prevalence of RAS and KRAS mutations varied significantly by study design, with higher prevalence among observational studies than clinical trials, and there was significant variation by study location for the prevalence of KRAS mutations in left‐sided tumors and the prevalence of BRAF mutations in right‐sided tumors. These results help to better characterize the mCRC population to better inform clinicians and researchers. Few of the included studies reported overall or progression‐free survival (PFS) by both tumor sidedness and mutation status. As both of these factors may have prognostic impact, future studies should consider evaluating survival by these variables.
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Khoramdad M, Vahedian‐azimi A, Karimi L, Rahimi‐Bashar F, Amini H, Sahebkar A. Association between passive smoking and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:677-686. [DOI: 10.1002/iub.2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Khoramdad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Amir Vahedian‐azimi
- Trauma Research Center, Nursing FacultyBaqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Leila Karimi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Nursing FacultyBaqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Farshid Rahimi‐Bashar
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of MedicineHamadan University of Medical Sciences Hamadan Iran
| | - Hossein Amini
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public HealthIran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRIFDA Tehran Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology InstituteMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research CenterMashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran
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Carro A, Panisello JM. Deciphering the Riddles in Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease. Eur Cardiol 2019; 14:141-150. [PMID: 31933681 PMCID: PMC6950215 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2019.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading global cause of death in Western countries, and its development is largely associated with unhealthy dietary patterns. A large body of scientific evidence has reported that nutrition might be the most preventive factor of cardiovascular disease death and could even reverse heart disease. Processes of chronic inflammation and oxidative distress share triggers that are modifiable by nutrition. This review aimed to identify potential targets (food patterns, single foods or individual nutrients) for cardiovascular disease prevention, and analyse the mechanisms implicated in their cardioprotective effects.
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Aparicio Vizuete A, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Lorenzo Mora AM, Sánchez-Rodríguez P, Ortega RM, López-Sobaler AM. [Myths and fallacies in relation to the consumption of dairy products]. NUTR HOSP 2019; 36:20-24. [PMID: 31368336 DOI: 10.20960/nh.02801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In recent years the consumption of milk has declined, which could be due to the many myths and fallacies that exist about this food and other dairy products. Affirmations such as: "cow's milk is ideal for calves not humans", "humans are the only animals that drink milk beyond infancy", "milk lead to mucus production or occurrence of asthma" or "milk increases cholesterol levels", among others, are present in many conversations of the general population. However, due to the high nutritional value of dairy products, the elimination/restriction of these foods of our diet, without the existence of circumstances that support it, can have negative repercussions for health. Therefore, it is necessary to dismantle all these myths with scientific arguments.
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Uscanga-Domínguez L, Orozco-García I, Vázquez-Frias R, Aceves-Tavares G, Albrecht-Junnghans R, Amieva-Balmori M, Bazaldua-Merino L, Bernal-Reyes R, Camacho-de León M, Campos-Gutiérrez J, Carmona-Sánchez R, Castro-Marín L, Coss-Adame E, Cuevas-Estrada A, Escobedo-Martínez J, González-Franco L, Huerta-Iga F, Lozano-Lozano R, Martínez-Vázquez S, Milke García M, Nogueira-de Rojas J, Padilla-González M, Pérez y López N, Silva-Campechano F, Treviño-Mejía M, Velázquez-Alva M. Technical position on milk and its derivatives in adult health and disease from the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Gerontología y Geriatría. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Uscanga-Domínguez LF, Orozco-García IJ, Vázquez-Frias R, Aceves-Tavares GR, Albrecht-Junnghans RE, Amieva-Balmori M, Bazaldua-Merino LA, Bernal-Reyes R, Camacho-de León ME, Campos-Gutiérrez JA, Carmona-Sánchez RI, Castro-Marín LV, Coss-Adame E, Cuevas-Estrada AJ, Escobedo-Martínez JA, González-Franco LR, Huerta-Iga FM, Lozano-Lozano R, Martínez-Vázquez SE, Milke García MP, Nogueira-de Rojas JR, Padilla-González M, Pérez Y López N, Silva-Campechano F, Treviño-Mejía MC, Velázquez-Alva MC. Technical position on milk and its derivatives in adult health and disease from the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Gerontología y Geriatría. REVISTA DE GASTROENTEROLOGIA DE MEXICO (ENGLISH) 2019; 84:357-371. [PMID: 31167744 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Milk is a liquid food that possesses an important quantity of highly bioavailable macronutrients. In addition, it is readily accessible, as well as relatively inexpensive. Given that the knowledge of physicians about nutrition and food composition is deficient, in general, many of the dietary interventions recommended in diverse clinical settings lack a scientific basis. The aim of the present review was to produce a technical opinion that serves as a frame of reference to best sustain recommendations for consuming milk and dairy products as daily nutrition in the adult and older adult. The effects of milk and dairy products during the pediatric stage are not addressed in the present work. The Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología and the Asociación Mexicana de Gerontología y Geriatría jointly discussed and analyzed topics dealing with the legal designation of milk, the classification and nutritional profile of cow's milk, its nutritional characteristics, its consumption in the adult, intolerance to cow's milk, and associations of milk consumption with digestive tract alterations and other conditions. Finally, certain aspects of milk consumption in the older adult and its relation to overall health are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Uscanga-Domínguez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - R Vázquez-Frias
- Departamento de Gastroenterología y Nutrición, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México.
| | - G R Aceves-Tavares
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital General del Estado Dr. Ernesto Ramos Bours, Hermosillo, Sonora, México
| | | | - M Amieva-Balmori
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médico Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Veracruz, México
| | - L A Bazaldua-Merino
- Sistema Nacional DIF, CNMACIG «Vicente García Torres», Ciudad de México, México
| | - R Bernal-Reyes
- Sociedad Española de Beneficencia, Pachuca, Hidalgo, México
| | | | - J A Campos-Gutiérrez
- Casa de Retiro Teresa de Calcuta S.C., San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - L V Castro-Marín
- Hospital Adolfo López Mateos ISSSTESON, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México
| | - E Coss-Adame
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - L R González-Franco
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | | | | | - S E Martínez-Vázquez
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - M P Milke García
- Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | | | - N Pérez Y López
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Juárez de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - M C Treviño-Mejía
- Universidad Iberoamericana Tijuana, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - M C Velázquez-Alva
- Departamento de Atención a la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Xochimilco, Ciudad de México, México
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Fontecha J, Calvo MV, Juarez M, Gil A, Martínez-Vizcaino V. Milk and Dairy Product Consumption and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:S164-S189. [PMID: 31089735 PMCID: PMC6518146 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk and dairy products containing milk fat are major food sources of saturated fatty acids, which have been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular-related clinical outcomes such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. Therefore, current recommendations by health authorities advise consumption of low-fat or fat-free milk. Today, these recommendations are seriously questioned by meta-analyses of both prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting inconsistent results. The present study includes an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of follow-up studies, an overview of meta-analyses involving RCTs, and an update on meta-analyses of RCTs (2013-2018) aiming to synthesize the evidence regarding the influence of dairy product consumption on the risk of major cardiovascular-related outcomes and how various doses of different dairy products affect the responses, as well as on selected biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk, i.e., blood pressure and blood lipids. The search strategies for both designs were conducted in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science databases from their inception to April 2018. From the 31 full-text articles retrieved for cohort studies, 17 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled risk ratio estimated for the association between the consumption of different dairy products at different dose-responses and cardiovascular outcomes (CVD, CHD, and stroke) showed a statistically significant negative association with RR values <1, or did not find evidence of significant association. The overview of 12 meta-analyses involving RCTs as well as the updated meta-analyses of RCTs did not result in significant changes on risk biomarkers such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Therefore, the present study states that the consumption of total dairy products, with either regular or low fat content, does not adversely affect the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Fontecha
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain,Address correspondence to JF (e-mail: )
| | - Maria Visitación Calvo
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Juarez
- Department of Bioactivity and Food Analysis, Food Lipid Biomarkers and Health Group, Institute of Food Science Research, CIAL (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy,Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix,” Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain,CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaino
- Health and Social Research Center, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Cuenca, Spain,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
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Fayet-Moore F, Cassettari T, McConnell A, Kim J, Petocz P. Australian children and adolescents who were drinkers of plain and flavored milk had the highest intakes of milk, total dairy, and calcium. Nutr Res 2019; 66:68-81. [PMID: 30979662 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dairy is important for children and adolescents' bone development and nutritional needs, and it is not known how the type of milk consumed relates to overall dietary intakes. This study assessed the hypothesis that Australian children and adolescents who drink milk have greater milk, dairy, and micronutrient intakes compared to those who consume milk in other ways or avoid milk. A secondary analysis using day 1 data from the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey was performed (n = 2812, 2-18 years). Children were classified as plain or flavored milk drinkers, other milk drinkers (eg, smoothies, milkshakes), nondrinkers of milk (eg. on cereal), or milk avoiders. Intakes of total dairy, milk, calcium, free sugars, and sugar-sweetened beverages were determined and adjusted for confounders. Milk consumption was popular (81%), and the majority (63%) of milk consumers were drinkers, and of those, 46% were plain, 32% were flavored, and 21% were other milk drinkers. Flavored and plain milk drinkers had higher total daily milk (480, 95% confidence interval [CI] 459-501 and 445, 95% CI 427-462 g, respectively), dairy (2.8, 95% CI 2.7-2.9 and 2.6, 95% CI 2.5-2.7 servings, respectively), and calcium (1049 ± 18 and 980 ± 15 mg, respectively) intakes than all other groups. Plain milk drinkers (10.7%, SD 6.2%) had a lower proportion of daily energy from free sugars than all other groups, but there was no difference in free sugars intake between plain and flavored milk drinkers, and there were no differences in anthropometric measures across groups. Plain and flavored milk drinkers and nondrinkers of milk had the lowest prevalence of sugar-sweetened beverages intake (P < .001). Plain milk drinkers followed by flavored milk drinkers had the most favorable milk, dairy, and nutrient intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Fayet-Moore
- Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13 167 Macquarie St, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia.
| | - Tim Cassettari
- Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13 167 Macquarie St, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia.
| | - Andrew McConnell
- Nutrition Research Australia, Level 13 167 Macquarie St, Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia.
| | - Jean Kim
- Nestlé Australia Ltd, 1 Homebush Bay Dr, Rhodes, New South Wales 2138.
| | - Peter Petocz
- Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia.
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Dehghan M, Mente A, Rangarajan S, Sheridan P, Mohan V, Iqbal R, Gupta R, Lear S, Wentzel-Viljoen E, Avezum A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Mony P, Varma RP, Kumar R, Chifamba J, Alhabib KF, Mohammadifard N, Oguz A, Lanas F, Rozanska D, Bostrom KB, Yusoff K, Tsolkile LP, Dans A, Yusufali A, Orlandini A, Poirier P, Khatib R, Hu B, Wei L, Yin L, Deeraili A, Yeates K, Yusuf R, Ismail N, Mozaffarian D, Teo K, Anand SS, Yusuf S. Association of dairy intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 21 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet 2018; 392:2288-2297. [PMID: 30217460 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31812-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary guidelines recommend minimising consumption of whole-fat dairy products, as they are a source of saturated fats and presumed to adversely affect blood lipids and increase cardiovascular disease and mortality. Evidence for this contention is sparse and few data for the effects of dairy consumption on health are available from low-income and middle-income countries. Therefore, we aimed to assess the associations between total dairy and specific types of dairy products with mortality and major cardiovascular disease. METHODS The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a large multinational cohort study of individuals aged 35-70 years enrolled from 21 countries in five continents. Dietary intakes of dairy products for 136 384 individuals were recorded using country-specific validated food frequency questionnaires. Dairy products comprised milk, yoghurt, and cheese. We further grouped these foods into whole-fat and low-fat dairy. The primary outcome was the composite of mortality or major cardiovascular events (defined as death from cardiovascular causes, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, or heart failure). Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using multivariable Cox frailty models with random intercepts to account for clustering of participants by centre. FINDINGS Between Jan 1, 2003, and July 14, 2018, we recorded 10 567 composite events (deaths [n=6796] or major cardiovascular events [n=5855]) during the 9·1 years of follow-up. Higher intake of total dairy (>2 servings per day compared with no intake) was associated with a lower risk of the composite outcome (HR 0·84, 95% CI 0·75-0·94; ptrend=0·0004), total mortality (0·83, 0·72-0·96; ptrend=0·0052), non-cardiovascular mortality (0·86, 0·72-1·02; ptrend=0·046), cardiovascular mortality (0·77, 0·58-1·01; ptrend=0·029), major cardiovascular disease (0·78, 0·67-0·90; ptrend=0·0001), and stroke (0·66, 0·53-0·82; ptrend=0·0003). No significant association with myocardial infarction was observed (HR 0·89, 95% CI 0·71-1·11; ptrend=0·163). Higher intake (>1 serving vs no intake) of milk (HR 0·90, 95% CI 0·82-0·99; ptrend=0·0529) and yogurt (0·86, 0·75-0·99; ptrend=0·0051) was associated with lower risk of the composite outcome, whereas cheese intake was not significantly associated with the composite outcome (0·88, 0·76-1·02; ptrend=0·1399). Butter intake was low and was not significantly associated with clinical outcomes (HR 1·09, 95% CI 0·90-1·33; ptrend=0·4113). INTERPRETATION Dairy consumption was associated with lower risk of mortality and major cardiovascular disease events in a diverse multinational cohort. FUNDING Full funding sources are listed at the end of the paper (see Acknowledgments).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahshid Dehghan
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Andrew Mente
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sumathy Rangarajan
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patrick Sheridan
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Romaina Iqbal
- Department of Community Health Sciences and Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rajeev Gupta
- Department of Medicine, Eternal Heart Care Centre and Research Institute, Jaipur, India
| | - Scott Lear
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, BC, Canada
| | | | - Alvaro Avezum
- Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo
- Research Department, Fundacion Oftalmologica de Santander, Medical School, University of Santander, Floridablanca-Santander, Colombia
| | - Prem Mony
- Division of Epidemiology and Population Health, St John's Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India
| | - Ravi Prasad Varma
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies Health Action by People, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) School of Public Health, Chandigarh, India
| | - Jephat Chifamba
- College of Health Sciences, Physiology Department, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Khalid F Alhabib
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noushin Mohammadifard
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Aytekin Oguz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fernando Lanas
- Department of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar, Temuco, Chile
| | - Dorota Rozanska
- Department of Dietetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kristina Bengtsson Bostrom
- Närhälsan R&D Centre Skaraborg Primary Care Skövde and Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Primary Health Care, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Khalid Yusoff
- Department of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Medicine, UCSI University, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lungiswa P Tsolkile
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, Western Cape Province, South Africa
| | - Antonio Dans
- Department of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines
| | - AfzalHussein Yusufali
- Dubai Medical University, Hatta Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Paul Poirier
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et pneumologie de Québec, Université laval, QC, Canada
| | - Rasha Khatib
- Departments of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Deeraili
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Hetian, Xinjiang, China
| | - Karen Yeates
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Rita Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Noorhassim Ismail
- Department of Community Health, University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Malaysia
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Koon Teo
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- School of Life Sciences, Independent University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Hanning AR, Wang X, Hashemi Z, Wan S, England A, Jacobs RL, Chan CB. Both low- and regular-fat cheeses mediate improved insulin sensitivity and modulate serum phospholipid profiles in insulin-resistant rats. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 64:144-151. [PMID: 30502658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dietary recommendations for cheese usually promote low (LOW)- over regular (REG)-fat versions due to the saturated fat. Conversely, epidemiological evidence shows that cheese consumption associates with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes. To investigate how cheese influences diabetes-related outcomes, a feeding trial comparing LOW and REG cheese was conducted in high-fat, lard-based diet (HFD)-fed insulin-resistant rats followed by evaluation of potential mechanisms. After 4 weeks of HFD, LOW or REG was added at 7 and 10 g/100 g diet, respectively, for another 8 weeks. Following either an oral glucose or insulin tolerance test to assess glucoregulation, rats were euthanized and serum was collected for metabolomic and lipid analyses. Hepatic tissue was used to measure glucoregulatory enzymes and lipid content. Both LOW and REG improved insulin sensitivity without effect on oral glucose tolerance, insulin secretion or body weight. Serum metabolomics identified 33 metabolites of interest, with 21 being phosphatidylcholines (PCs) or lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs). HFD rats had significantly reduced LPC C16:1, C17:0, C18:1, C20:3 and C24:0, and these effects were normalized by LOW or REG cheese. Fourteen PC species were lowest in the HFD group and normalized by cheese feeding. Serum choline was elevated sevenfold in HFD- but not cheese-fed rats compared with rats fed low-fat diet. Liver triglyceride was elevated by LOW feeding. In conclusion, inclusion of both LOW and REG cheeses in the diet of insulin-resistant rats improves in vivo glucoregulation. This is associated with altered phospholipid metabolism, including cheese-mediated normalization of species that are decreased by high-fat feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anik Rz Hanning
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 6-002 Li Ka Shing Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1E3.
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 6-002 Li Ka Shing Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1E3.
| | - Zohre Hashemi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 6-002 Li Ka Shing Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1E3.
| | - Sereana Wan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 6-002 Li Ka Shing Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1E3.
| | - Alexandra England
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, 7-53 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2H7.
| | - René L Jacobs
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 6-002 Li Ka Shing Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1E3; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, 4-74 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3.
| | - Catherine B Chan
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 6-002 Li Ka Shing Centre, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 1E3; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, 7-53 Medical Sciences Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2H7.
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Pérez-Jiménez F, Pascual V, Meco JF, Pérez Martínez P, Delgado Lista J, Domenech M, Estruch R, León-Acuña A, López-Miranda J, Sánchez-Ramos A, Soler I Ferrer C, Soler-Rivas C, Solá Alberich RM, Valdivielso P, Ros E. Document of recommendations of the SEA 2018. Lifestyle in cardiovascular prevention. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2018; 30:280-310. [PMID: 30236615 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle is a complex concept that includes aspects external to ourselves that can modulate and influence our health. The knowledge of the relationship between lifestyle and cardiovascular risk does not attain the level of evidence achieved with clinical trials with drugs, because clinical studies are scarce and mainly of observational nature, albeit based on large cohorts. Nutritional epidemiology has the added difficulty of being based mostly on subjective dietary recall methods to ascertain nutrient and food intake over time, with the additional problems of incomplete data collection, variable measurements of adherence due to seasonal and geographical differences in food composition, and the changing eating behavior that human beings have over time. The purpose of this document is to carry out an updated and hierarchical review of the relationship between lifestyle and cardiovascular disease based on current evidence, paying attention to three aspects that are of great pathogenic importance and are directly modifiable: physical activity, tobacco consumption, and diet. With this, we intend to update the knowledge on this relationship, construct evidence-based recommendations, and provide a simple tool for clinical practice especially directed to health professionals involved in the care of people at cardiovascular risk, defining simple and easy strategies for individuals who receive advice for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Pérez-Jiménez
- Unidad de Lípidos y Arterioesclerosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), UGC de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Grupo de Nutrición y Estilo de Vida, Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA), España.
| | - Vicente Pascual
- Centro de Salud Palleter, Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera, Castellón, España; Grupo de Nutrición y Estilo de Vida, Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA), España
| | - José Félix Meco
- Medicina Interna, Advance Medical, Barcelona, España; Grupo de Nutrición y Estilo de Vida, Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA), España
| | - Pablo Pérez Martínez
- Unidad de Lípidos y Arterioesclerosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), UGC de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Grupo de Nutrición y Estilo de Vida, Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA), España
| | - Javier Delgado Lista
- Unidad de Lípidos y Arterioesclerosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), UGC de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Grupo de Nutrición y Estilo de Vida, Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA), España
| | - Monica Domenech
- Grupo de Riesgo Cardiovascular, Nutrición y Envejecimiento del Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS). Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínic, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
| | - Ramon Estruch
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínic. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
| | - Ana León-Acuña
- Unidad de Lípidos y Arterioesclerosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), UGC de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Grupo de Nutrición y Estilo de Vida, Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA), España
| | - José López-Miranda
- Unidad de Lípidos y Arterioesclerosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), UGC de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, España; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Grupo de Nutrición y Estilo de Vida, Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA), España
| | - Andrea Sánchez-Ramos
- Unidad de Lípidos, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC de Medicina Interna, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España
| | - Cristina Soler I Ferrer
- Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Medicina Interna, Hospital de Santa Caterina, Salt, Girona, España; Grupo de Nutrición y Estilo de Vida, Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA), España
| | - Cristina Soler-Rivas
- Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos. CIAL -Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (UAM +CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Rosa Maria Solá Alberich
- Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group (NFOC-Salut), Hospital Universitario Sant Joan, EURECAT-Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Tarragona, España; Grupo de Nutrición y Estilo de Vida, Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA), España
| | - Pedro Valdivielso
- Unidad de Lípidos, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), UGC de Medicina Interna, Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, España
| | - Emilio Ros
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España; Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínic. Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España; Unidad de Lípidos, Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España; Grupo de Nutrición y Estilo de Vida, Sociedad Española de Arteriosclerosis (SEA), España.
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Fermented Food and Non-Communicable Chronic Diseases: A Review. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040448. [PMID: 29617330 PMCID: PMC5946233 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fermented foods represent a significant fraction of human diets. Although their impact on health is positively perceived, an objective evaluation is still missing. We have, therefore, reviewed meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCT) investigating the relationship between fermented foods and non-transmissible chronic diseases. Overall, after summarizing 25 prospective studies on dairy products, the association of fermented dairy with cancer was found to be neutral, whereas it was weakly beneficial, though inconsistent, for specific aspects of cardio-metabolic health, in particular stroke and cheese intake. The strongest evidence for a beneficial effect was for yoghurt on risk factors of type 2 diabetes. Although mechanisms explaining this association have not been validated, an increased bioavailability of insulinotropic amino acids and peptides as well as the bacterial biosynthesis of vitamins, in particular vitamin K2, might contribute to this beneficial effect. However, the heterogeneity in the design of the studies and the investigated foods impedes a definitive assessment of these associations. The literature on fermented plants is characterized by a wealth of in vitro data, whose positive results are not corroborated in humans due to the absence of RCTs. Finally, none of the RCTs were specifically designed to address the impact of food fermentation on health. This question should be addressed in future human studies.
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Abstract
Since the 1950's nutrition recommendations have focussed on the replacement of saturated fats in the diet with polyunsaturated fats, a strategy that continues to this day. Despite supporting evidence from clinical trials for the advantages of Mediterranean diets, there has been less attention paid to the role of monounsaturated fats. It has been known for many years that diets high in linoleic acid (LA) compete for the incorporation of omega 3 fatty acids into tissues. What is also clear is that diets rich in LA are not free from concerns and the discovery of oxlams, oxygenated derivatives of LA, having potent inflammatory effects may help us question the dogma of LA rich diets. Given that dietary oleic acid a prime constituent of Mediterranean diets can be metabolised to Mead acid (ETrA) has in the past been a cause for concern, but new data showing the anti-inflammatory effects of ETrA suggest that there is a need for further research about the benefits of monounsaturated oils on human health. Finally, there is a need to re-examine how dietary fats are monitored in clinical studies. The current method of focussing on esterified fatty acids may be too insensitive to detect clinically important changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Gibson
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, FOODplus Research Centre, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
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Lordan R, Tsoupras A, Mitra B, Zabetakis I. Dairy Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: Do We Really Need to be Concerned? Foods 2018; 7:E29. [PMID: 29494487 PMCID: PMC5867544 DOI: 10.3390/foods7030029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain a major cause of death and morbidity globally and diet plays a crucial role in the disease prevention and pathology. The negative perception of dairy fats stems from the effort to reduce dietary saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake due to their association with increased cholesterol levels upon consumption and the increased risk of CVD development. Institutions that set dietary guidelines have approached dairy products with negative bias and used poor scientific data in the past. As a result, the consumption of dairy products was considered detrimental to our cardiovascular health. In western societies, dietary trends indicate that generally there is a reduction of full-fat dairy product consumption and increased low-fat dairy consumption. However, recent research and meta-analyses have demonstrated the benefits of full-fat dairy consumption, based on higher bioavailability of high-value nutrients and anti-inflammatory properties. In this review, the relationship between dairy consumption, cardiometabolic risk factors and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases are discussed. Functional dairy foods and the health implications of dairy alternatives are also considered. In general, evidence suggests that milk has a neutral effect on cardiovascular outcomes but fermented dairy products, such as yoghurt, kefir and cheese may have a positive or neutral effect. Particular focus is placed on the effects of the lipid content on cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | | | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland.
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Fanelli Kuczmarski M, Bodt BA, Stave Shupe E, Zonderman AB, Evans MK. Dietary Patterns Associated with Lower 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Urban African-American and White Adults Consuming Western Diets. Nutrients 2018; 10:E158. [PMID: 29385036 PMCID: PMC5852734 DOI: 10.3390/nu10020158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study's objective was to determine whether variations in the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) were associated with differences in food consumption and diet quality. Findings from the baseline wave of Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (HANDLS) study 2004-2009, revealed participants consumed a Western diet. Diet quality measures, specifically the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2010, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet and the Mean Adequacy Ratio (MAR), based on two 24-h recalls collected during follow-up HANDLS studies from 2009-2013, were used. Reported foods were assigned to 27 groups. In this cross-sectional analysis, the participants (n = 2140) were categorized into tertiles based on their 10-year ASCVD risk. Lower and upper tertiles were used to determine significantly different consumption rates among the food groups. Ten groups were used in hierarchical case clustering to generate four dietary patterns (DPs) based on group energy contribution. The DP with the highest HEI-2010 score included sandwiches along with vegetables and cheese/yogurt. This DP, along with the pizza/sandwiches DP, had significantly higher DASH and MAR scores and a lower 10-year ASCVD risk, compared to the remaining two DPs-meats/sandwiches and sandwiches/bakery products; thus, Western dietary patterns were associated with different levels of ASCVD 10-year risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry A Bodt
- College of Health Sciences, STAR, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Emily Stave Shupe
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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50
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Houston M, Minich D, Sinatra ST, Kahn JK, Guarneri M. Recent Science and Clinical Application of Nutrition to Coronary Heart Disease. J Am Coll Nutr 2018; 37:169-187. [PMID: 29313752 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1381053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
One of the greatest threats to mortality in industrialized societies continues to be coronary heart disease (CHD). Moreover, the ability to decrease the incidence of CHD has reached a limit utilizing traditional diagnostic evaluations and prevention and treatment strategies for the top five cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, obesity, and smoking). It is well known that about 80% of CHD can be prevented with optimal nutrition, coupled with exercise, weight management, mild alcohol intake, and smoking cessation. Among all of these factors, optimal nutrition provides the basic foundation for prevention and treatment of CHD. Numerous prospective nutrition clinical trials have shown dramatic reductions in the incidence of CHD. As nutritional science and nutrigenomics research continues, our ability to adjust the best nutrition with an individualized approach is emerging. This article reviews the role of nutrition in the prevention and treatment of CHD and myocardial infarction (MI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Houston
- a Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Director, Hypertension Institute and Vascular Biology, Medical Director of Division of Human Nutrition, Saint Thomas Medical Group, Saint Thomas Hospital , Nashville , Tennessee , USA
| | - Deanna Minich
- b University of Western States, Institute for Functional Medicine , Seattle , Washington , USA
| | - Stephen T Sinatra
- c Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Connecticut Medical School , Farmington , Connecticut , USA
| | - Joel K Kahn
- d Clinical Professor of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Kahn Center for Cardiac Longevity , Bloomfield Township , Michigan , USA
| | - Mimi Guarneri
- e Director, Guarneri Integrative Health, Inc., La Jolla, California at Pacific Pearl , La Jolla , California , USA
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