1
|
Kelly MJ, Wagner EJ. Canonical transient receptor potential channels and hypothalamic control of homeostatic functions. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13392. [PMID: 38631680 PMCID: PMC11444909 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Recent molecular biological and electrophysiological studies have identified multiple transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in hypothalamic neurons as critical modulators of homeostatic functions. In particular, the canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) are expressed in hypothalamic neurons that are vital for the control of fertility and energy homeostasis. Classical neurotransmitters such as serotonin and glutamate and peptide neurotransmitters such as kisspeptin, neurokinin B and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide signal through their cognate G protein-coupled receptors to activate TPRC 4, 5 channels, which are essentially ligand-gated calcium channels. In addition to neurotransmitters, circulating hormones like insulin and leptin signal through insulin receptor (InsR) and leptin receptor (LRb), respectively, to activate TRPC 5 channels in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) and kisspeptin (arcuate Kiss1 [Kiss1ARH]) neurons to have profound physiological (excitatory) effects. Besides its overt depolarizing effects, TRPC channels conduct calcium ions into the cytoplasm, which has a plethora of downstream effects. Moreover, not only the expression of Trpc5 mRNA but also the coupling of receptors to TRPC 5 channel opening are regulated in different physiological states. In particular, the mRNA expression of Trpc5 is highly regulated in kisspeptin neurons by circulating estrogens, which ultimately dictates the firing pattern of kisspeptin neurons. In obesity states, InsRs are "uncoupled" from opening TRPC 5 channels in POMC neurons, rendering them less excitable. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the critical role of TRPC 5 channels in regulating the excitability of Kiss1ARH and POMC neurons in different physiological and pathological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Kelly
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Edward J Wagner
- Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Pomona, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Angelidi AM, Stefanakis K, Chou SH, Valenzuela-Vallejo L, Dipla K, Boutari C, Ntoskas K, Tokmakidis P, Kokkinos A, Goulis DG, Papadaki HA, Mantzoros CS. Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): Endocrine Manifestations, Pathophysiology and Treatments. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:676-708. [PMID: 38488566 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
Research on lean, energy-deficient athletic and military cohorts has broadened the concept of the Female Athlete Triad into the Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) syndrome. REDs represents a spectrum of abnormalities induced by low energy availability (LEA), which serves as the underlying cause of all symptoms described within the REDs concept, affecting exercising populations of either biological sex. Both short- and long-term LEA, in conjunction with other moderating factors, may produce a multitude of maladaptive changes that impair various physiological systems and adversely affect health, well-being, and sport performance. Consequently, the comprehensive definition of REDs encompasses a broad spectrum of physiological sequelae and adverse clinical outcomes related to LEA, such as neuroendocrine, bone, immune, and hematological effects, ultimately resulting in compromised health and performance. In this review, we discuss the pathophysiology of REDs and associated disorders. We briefly examine current treatment recommendations for REDs, primarily focusing on nonpharmacological, behavioral, and lifestyle modifications that target its underlying cause-energy deficit. We also discuss treatment approaches aimed at managing symptoms, such as menstrual dysfunction and bone stress injuries, and explore potential novel treatments that target the underlying physiology, emphasizing the roles of leptin and the activin-follistatin-inhibin axis, the roles of which remain to be fully elucidated, in the pathophysiology and management of REDs. In the near future, novel therapies leveraging our emerging understanding of molecules and physiological axes underlying energy availability or lack thereof may restore LEA-related abnormalities, thus preventing and/or treating REDs-related health complications, such as stress fractures, and improving performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki M Angelidi
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Konstantinos Stefanakis
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine, 251 Air Force General Hospital, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Sharon H Chou
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura Valenzuela-Vallejo
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Konstantina Dipla
- Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres 62100, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Boutari
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54642, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ntoskas
- Department of Internal Medicine, 251 Air Force General Hospital, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tokmakidis
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine, 251 Air Force General Hospital, Athens 11525, Greece
| | - Alexander Kokkinos
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Dimitrios G Goulis
- Unit of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Helen A Papadaki
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital of Heraklion, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71500, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beddows CA, Shi F, Horton AL, Dalal S, Zhang P, Ling CC, Yong VW, Loh K, Cho E, Karagiannis C, Rose AJ, Montgomery MK, Gregorevic P, Watt MJ, Packer NH, Parker BL, Brown RM, Moh ESX, Dodd GT. Pathogenic hypothalamic extracellular matrix promotes metabolic disease. Nature 2024; 633:914-922. [PMID: 39294371 PMCID: PMC11424483 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07922-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes are marked by insulin resistance1,2. Cells within the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC), which are crucial for regulating metabolism, become insulin resistant during the progression of metabolic disease3-8, but these mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we investigated the role of a specialized chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan extracellular matrix, termed a perineuronal net, which surrounds ARC neurons. In metabolic disease, the perineuronal net of the ARC becomes augmented and remodelled, driving insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Disruption of the perineuronal net in obese mice, either enzymatically or with small molecules, improves insulin access to the brain, reversing neuronal insulin resistance and enhancing metabolic health. Our findings identify ARC extracellular matrix remodelling as a fundamental mechanism driving metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cait A Beddows
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Feiyue Shi
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna L Horton
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sagar Dalal
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chang-Chun Ling
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - V Wee Yong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and the Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kim Loh
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ellie Cho
- Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chris Karagiannis
- Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam J Rose
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Magdalene K Montgomery
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicolle H Packer
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn M Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward S X Moh
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Garron T Dodd
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rizk FH, Barhoma RAE, El-Saka MH, Ibrahim HA, El-Gohary RM, Ismail R, Motawea SM, Salem O, Hegab II. Exercise training and spexin ameliorate thyroid changes in obese type 2 diabetic rats: the possible interlaying mechanisms. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E313-E327. [PMID: 39017682 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00213.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus are prevalent endocrine disorders that often coexist and influence each other. The role of spexin (SPX) in diabetes and obesity is well documented, but its connection to thyroid function is less understood. This study investigates the influence of exercise (EX) and SPX on thyroid hypofunction in obese type 2 diabetic rats. Rats were divided into normal control, obese diabetic sedentary, obese diabetic EX, and obese diabetic SPX groups, with subdivisions for M871 and HT-2157 treatment in the latter two groups. High-fat diet together with streptozotocin (STZ) injection induced obesity and diabetes. The EX group underwent swimming, and the SPX group received SPX injections for 8 wk. Results showed significant improvements in thyroid function and metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory states with EX and SPX treatment. The study also explored the involvement of galanin receptor isoforms (GALR)2/3 in SPX effects on thyroid function. Blocking GALR2/3 receptors partially attenuated the beneficial effects, indicating their interaction. These findings underscore the importance of EX and SPX in modulating thyroid function in obesity and diabetes. Comprehending this interplay could enable the development of new treatment approaches for thyroid disorders associated with obese type 2 diabetes. Additional research is necessary to clarify the exact mechanisms connecting SPX, EX activity, and thyroid function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study proves, for the first time, the beneficial effects of SPX on thyroid dysfunction in obese diabetic rats and suggests that SPX mediates the EX effect on thyroid gland and exerts its effect mainly via GALR2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma H Rizk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ramez A E Barhoma
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mervat H El-Saka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rehab M El-Gohary
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Radwa Ismail
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa M Motawea
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ola Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Islam Ibrahim Hegab
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Bio-Physiology, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yagoub S, Chesters RA, Ott J, Zhu J, Cantacorps L, Ritter K, Lippert RN. Acute elevated dietary fat alone is not sufficient to decrease AgRP projections in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus in mice. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20043. [PMID: 39209992 PMCID: PMC11362280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70870-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Within the brain, the connections between neurons are constantly changing in response to environmental stimuli. A prime environmental regulator of neuronal activity is diet, and previous work has highlighted changes in hypothalamic connections in response to diets high in dietary fat and elevated sucrose. We sought to determine if the change in hypothalamic neuronal connections was driven primarily by an elevation in dietary fat alone. Analysis was performed in both male and female animals. We measured Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neuropeptide and Synaptophysin markers in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) in response to an acute 48 h high fat diet challenge. Using two image analysis methods described in previous studies, an effect of a high fat diet on AgRP neuronal projections in the PVH of male or female mice was not identified. These results suggest that it may not be dietary fat alone that is responsible for the previously published alterations in hypothalamic connections. Future work should focus on deciphering the role of individual macronutrients on neuroanatomical and functional changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selma Yagoub
- German Institute for Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Robert A Chesters
- German Institute for Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Ott
- German Institute for Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jiajie Zhu
- German Institute for Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lídia Cantacorps
- German Institute for Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katrin Ritter
- German Institute for Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Rachel N Lippert
- German Institute for Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liang H, Mi H, Yu H, Huang D, Ren M, Zhang L, Teng T. Role of Cholecystokinin ( cck) in Feeding Regulation of Largemouth Bass ( Micropterus salmoides): Peptide Activation and Antagonist Inhibition. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:635. [PMID: 39194573 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the role of cholecystokinin (cck) in the feeding regulation of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) via peptide activation and antagonist inhibition. The results show that the cck gene was expressed in various tissues, with the highest expression level occurring in the brain. Feeding, continuous feeding, and refeeding after fasting could significantly improve the mRNA levels of cck in the brain. Moreover, the activation of cck via injecting an exogenous CCK peptide could inhibit feed intake by regulating the mRNA levels of anorexigenic and feed-promoting factors in the brain and intestine. Furthermore, the CCK peptide reduced feed intake; however, the presence of an antagonist (Ly225910-CCK1R and devazepide-CCK2R) could reverse this effect through regulating the mRNA levels of anorexigenic and feed-promoting factors in the brain and intestine. Treatment with devazepide + CCK (CCK2R) reversed feed intake more effectively than Ly225910 + CCK (CCK1R) treatment. In summary, cck could regulate the feed intake of largemouth bass through regulating feeding-related genes in the brain and intestine. In addition, cck required binding with the receptor to inhibit feed intake more effectively in largemouth bass, and the binding effect of CCK1R was better than that of CCK2R.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hualiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Haifeng Mi
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Heng Yu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Dongyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Tao Teng
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stanciu SM, Jinga M, Miricescu D, Stefani C, Nica RI, Stanescu-Spinu II, Vacaroiu IA, Greabu M, Nica S. mTOR Dysregulation, Insulin Resistance, and Hypertension. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1802. [PMID: 39200267 PMCID: PMC11351979 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent serious health problems associated with unhealthy diet and sedentarism. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR) and hypertension. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase with key roles in glucose and lipid metabolism, cell growth, survival and proliferation. mTOR hyperactivation disturbs glucose metabolism, leading to hyperglycemia and further to IR, with a higher incidence in the Western population. Metformin is one of the most used hypoglycemic drugs, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumoral properties, having also the capacity to inhibit mTOR. mTOR inhibitors such as rapamycin and its analogs everolimus and temsirolimus block mTOR activity, decrease the levels of glucose and triglycerides, and reduce body weight. The link between mTOR dysregulation, IR, hypertension and mTOR inhibitors has not been fully described. Therefore, the main aim of this narrative review is to present the mechanism by which nutrients, proinflammatory cytokines, increased salt intake and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation induce mTOR overactivation, associated further with IR and hypertension development, and also mTOR inhibitors with higher potential to block the activity of this protein kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silviu Marcel Stanciu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Mariana Jinga
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania; (S.M.S.); (M.J.)
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Constantin Stefani
- Department of Family Medicine and Clinical Base, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Remus Iulian Nica
- Surgery Department, Central Military Emergency University Hospital, “Dr. Carol Davila”, 010825 Bucharest, Romania;
- Discipline of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanotari Blvd, 054474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Adela Vacaroiu
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Maria Greabu
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Silvia Nica
- Emergency Discipline, University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Emergency and First Aid, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mondal S, Rathor R, Singh SN, Suryakumar G. miRNA and leptin signaling in metabolic diseases and at extreme environments. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1248. [PMID: 39017237 PMCID: PMC11253706 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of growing concern about the dysregulation of metabolic processes arises due to complex interplay between environment and nutrition that has great impact on genetics and epigenetics of an individual. Thereby, any abnormality at the level of food intake regulating hormones may contribute to the development of metabolic diseases in any age group due to malnutrition, overweight, changing lifestyle, and exposure to extreme environments such as heat stress (HS), cold stress, or high altitude (HA). Hormones such as leptin, adiponectin, ghrelin, and cholecystokinin regulate appetite and satiety to maintain energy homeostasis. Leptin, an adipokine and a pleiotropic hormone, play major role in regulating the food intake, energy gain and energy expenditure. Using in silico approach, we have identified the major genes (LEP, LEPR, JAK2, STAT3, NPY, POMC, IRS1, SOCS3) that play crucial role in leptin signaling pathway. Further, eight miRNAs (hsa-miR-204-5p, hsa-miR-211-5p, hsa-miR-30, hsa-miR-3163, hsa-miR-33a-3p, hsa-miR-548, hsa-miR-561-3p, hsa-miR-7856-5p) from TargetScan 8.0 database were screened out that commonly target these genes. The role of these miRNAs should be explored as they might play vital role in regulating the appetite, energy metabolism, metabolic diseases (obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation), and to combat extreme environments. The miRNAs regulating leptin signaling and appetite may be useful for developing novel therapeutics for metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samrita Mondal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied SciencesDelhiIndia
| | - Richa Rathor
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied SciencesDelhiIndia
| | - Som Nath Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied SciencesDelhiIndia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Badoiu SC, Enescu DM, Tatar R, Miricescu D, Stanescu-Spinu II, Greabu M, Coricovac AM, Badoiu SE, Jinga V. Adipokines-A Cohort Prospective Study in Children with Severe Burns. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7630. [PMID: 39062875 PMCID: PMC11277113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Burns generate every year an important burden of morbidity, being a major global public health problem through prolonged hospitalization, complications, and increased mortality. This study's purpose was to evaluate the serum levels of three adipokines and to establish significant correlations with other circulating molecules and with some clinical parameters. We evaluated 32 children with severe burns (over 25% total burned surface area-TBSA) at 48 h, day 10, and day 21 post burn, and 21 controls. The serum levels of adiponectin, resistin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (among nine other biochemical parameters) were detected by Multiplex technique. Significant statistical differences were obtained for resistin and leptin compared to the control group, in different moments of measurements. Adiponectin serum levels presented statistically significant correlations with hot liquid mechanism of burn, the Revised Baux score, TBSA, resistin, PAI-1, CRP, TNF-α, and triglycerides (TGLs) serum levels. Resistin serum levels presented statistically significant correlations with adiponectin, CRP, PAI-1, leptin, and TNF-α. Additionally, we found statistically significant correlations between leptin serum levels and length of hospitalization, TNF-α, resistin, adiponectin, and PAI-1 serum levels. In severely burned children, adiponectin, resistin, and leptin specifically correlate with clinical parameters and with proteins involved in the systemic inflammatory response and the hypermetabolic response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silviu Constantin Badoiu
- Department of Anatomy and Embriology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Life Memorial Hospital, 365 Grivitei Street, 010719 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dan Mircea Enescu
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery and Burns, Grigore Alexandrescu Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.E.); (R.T.)
| | - Raluca Tatar
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive Surgery and Burns, Grigore Alexandrescu Clinical Emergency Hospital for Children, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, 020021 Bucharest, Romania; (D.M.E.); (R.T.)
| | - Daniela Miricescu
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Iulia-Ioana Stanescu-Spinu
- Discipline of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Greabu
- Discipline of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Anca Magdalena Coricovac
- Discipline of Embriology, Faculty of Dentistry, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Silvia Elena Badoiu
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Viorel Jinga
- Department of Urology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania;
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 3 Ilfov, 050085 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wulff BS, Kuhre RE, Selvaraj M, Rehfeld JF, Niss K, Fels JJ, Anna S, Raun K, Gerstenberg MK. Improved leptin sensitivity and increased soluble leptin receptor concentrations may underlie the additive effects of combining PYY [, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ] and exendin-4 on body weight lowering in diet-induced obese mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32009. [PMID: 39183855 PMCID: PMC11341243 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Co-treatment with long acting PYY and the GLP-1 receptor agonists has potential as an efficient obesity treatment. This study investigates whether the mechanisms behind additive reduction of food intake and weight loss depends on complementary effects in brain areas regulating food intake and if restoration of leptin sensitivity is involved. Methods Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were co-treated with PYY(3-36) and exendin-4 (Ex4, GLP-1R agonist) for 14 days using minipumps. Leptin responsiveness was evaluated by measuring food intake and body weight after leptin injection, and gene expression profile was investigated in various of brain regions and liver. Results We show that weight loss associated with co-treatment of PYY(3-36) and Ex4 and Ex4 mono-treatment in DIO mice increased expression of several genes in area postrema (AP) known to be involved in appetite regulation and Cart, Pdyn, Bdnf and Klb were synergistically upregulated by the co-treatment. The upregulations were independent of weight loss, as shown by inclusion of a weight matched control. Moreover, PYY(3-36) and Ex4 co-treatment resulted in synergistically upregulated plasma concentrations of soluble leptin receptor (SLR) and improved sensitivity to exogenous leptin demonstrated by food intake lowering. Conclusion The study results suggest that synergistic upregulation of appetite-regulating genes in AP and improved leptin sensitivity are important mediators for the additive weight loss resulting from PYY and Ex4 co-treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Madhan Selvaraj
- Translational Research, Global Translation, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Jens F. Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Niss
- Biomarker Discovery, R&ED Digital Science and Innovation, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Johannes J. Fels
- Research Bioanalysis, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | - Secher Anna
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Kirsten Raun
- Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, 2760, Måløv, Denmark
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shah H, Gannaban RB, Haque ZF, Dehghani F, Kramer A, Bowers F, Ta M, Huynh T, Ramezan M, Maniates A, Shin AC. BCAAs acutely drive glucose dysregulation and insulin resistance: role of AgRP neurons. Nutr Diabetes 2024; 14:40. [PMID: 38844453 PMCID: PMC11156648 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-024-00298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-protein diets are often enriched with branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) known to enhance protein synthesis and provide numerous physiological benefits, but recent studies reveal their association with obesity and diabetes. In support of this, protein or BCAA supplementation is shown to disrupt glucose metabolism while restriction improves it. However, it is not clear if these are primary, direct effects of BCAAs or secondary to other physiological changes during chronic manipulation of dietary BCAAs. METHODS Three-month-old C57Bl/6 mice were acutely treated with either vehicle/BCAAs or BT2, a BCAA-lowering compound, and detailed in vivo metabolic phenotyping, including frequent sampling and pancreatic clamps, were conducted. RESULTS Using a catheter-guided frequent sampling method in mice, here we show that a single infusion of BCAAs was sufficient to acutely elevate blood glucose and plasma insulin. While pre-treatment with BCAAs did not affect glucose tolerance, a constant infusion of BCAAs during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps impaired whole-body insulin sensitivity. Similarly, a single injection of BT2 was sufficient to prevent BCAA rise during fasting and markedly improve glucose tolerance in high-fat-fed mice, suggesting that abnormal glycemic control in obesity may be causally linked to high circulating BCAAs. We further show that chemogenetic over-activation of AgRP neurons in the hypothalamus, as present in obesity, significantly impairs glucose tolerance that is completely normalized by acute BCAA reduction. Interestingly, most of these effects were demonstrated only in male, but not in female mice. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that BCAAs per se can acutely impair glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, thus offering an explanation for how they may disrupt glucose metabolism in the long-term as observed in obesity and diabetes. Our findings also reveal that AgRP neuronal regulation of blood glucose is mediated through BCAAs, further elucidating a novel mechanism by which brain controls glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsh Shah
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ritchel B Gannaban
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Zobayda Farzana Haque
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Fereshteh Dehghani
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Alyssa Kramer
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Frances Bowers
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Ta
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Thy Huynh
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Marjan Ramezan
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Ashley Maniates
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Andrew C Shin
- Neurobiology of Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mazuecos L, Artigas-Jerónimo S, Pintado C, Gómez O, Rubio B, Arribas C, Andrés A, Villar M, Gallardo N. Central leptin signaling deficiency induced by leptin receptor antagonist leads to hypothalamic proteomic remodeling. Life Sci 2024; 346:122649. [PMID: 38626868 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Leptin irresponsiveness, which is often associated with obesity, can have significant impacts on the hypothalamic proteome of individuals, including those who are lean. While mounting evidence on leptin irresponsiveness has focused on obese individuals, understanding the early molecular and proteomic changes associated with deficient hypothalamic leptin signaling in lean individuals is essential for early intervention and prevention of metabolic disorders. Leptin receptor antagonists block the binding of leptin to its receptors, potentially reducing its effects and used in cases where excessive leptin activity might be harmful. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this work, we blocked the central actions of leptin in lean male adult Wistar rat by chronically administering intracerebroventricularly the superactive leptin receptor antagonist (SLA) (D23L/L39A/D40A/F41A) and investigated its impact on the hypothalamic proteome using label-free sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS) for quantitative proteomics. KEY FINDINGS Our results show an accumulation of proteins involved in mRNA processing, mRNA stability, and translation in the hypothalamus of SLA-treated rats. Conversely, hypothalamic leptin signaling deficiency reduces the representation of proteins implicated in energy metabolism, neural circuitry, and neurotransmitter release. SIGNIFICANCE The alterations in the adult rat hypothalamic proteome contribute to dysregulate appetite, metabolism, and energy balance, which are key factors in the development and progression of obesity and related metabolic disorders. Additionally, using bioinformatic analysis, we identified a series of transcription factors that are potentially involved in the upstream regulatory mechanisms responsible for the observed signature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Mazuecos
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Sara Artigas-Jerónimo
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Cristina Pintado
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Oscar Gómez
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Blanca Rubio
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Carmen Arribas
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Carlos III s/n, 45071 Toledo, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Antonio Andrés
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
| | - Margarita Villar
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM, Ronda de Toledo s/n, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Nilda Gallardo
- Biochemistry Section, Faculty of Sciences and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo Jose Cela 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; DOE, Regional Center for Biomedical Research (CRIB), Castilla-La Mancha, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhu Y, Yin L, Liu Q, Guan Y, Nie S, Zhu Y, Mo F. Tryptophan metabolic pathway plays a key role in the stress-induced emotional eating. Curr Res Food Sci 2024; 8:100754. [PMID: 38736909 PMCID: PMC11087915 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2024.100754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress disrupts the emotional and energetic balance, which may lead to abnormal behaviors such as binge eating. This overeating behavior alleviating the negative emotions is called emotional eating, which may exacerbate emotional instability and lead to obesity. It is a complex and multifaceted process that has not yet been fully understood. In this study, we constructed an animal model of chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced emotional eating. The emotional eating mice were treated with tryptophan for 21 days to reveal the key role of tryptophan. Furthermore, serum-targeted metabolomics, immunohistochemical staining, qPCR and ELISA were performed. The results showed that CMS led to the binge eating behavior, accompanied by the disturbed intestinal tryptophan-derived serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) metabolic pathways. Then we found that tryptophan supplementation improved depression and anxiety-like behaviors as well as abnormal eating behaviors. Tryptophan supplementation improved the abnormal expression of appetite regulators (e.g., AgRP, OX1R, MC4R), and tryptophan supplementation also increased the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (tph2) and 5-HT receptors in the hypothalamus of CMS mice, which indicates that the 5-HT metabolic pathway influences feeding behavior. In vitro experiments confirmed that 5-HT supplementation ameliorated corticosterone-induced aberrant expression of appetite regulators, such as AgRP and OX1R, in the hypothalamic cell line. In conclusion, our findings revealed that the tryptophan-derived 5-HT pathway plays an important role in emotional eating, especially in providing targeted therapy for stress-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lifeng Yin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yaoxing Guan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuang Nie
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongheng Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Fengfeng Mo
- Department of Naval Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Nautical Medicine and Translation of Drugs and Medical Devices, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lavoie O, Turmel A, Mattoon P, Desrosiers WJ, Plamondon J, Michael NJ, Caron A. Hypothalamic GABAergic Neurons Expressing Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein 1 (CRABP1) Are Sensitive to Metabolic Status and Liraglutide in Male Mice. Neuroendocrinology 2024; 114:681-697. [PMID: 38631315 PMCID: PMC11232952 DOI: 10.1159/000538716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Owing to their privileged anatomical location, neurons of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARC) play critical roles in sensing and responding to metabolic signals such as leptin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). In addition to the well-known proopiomelanocortin (POMC)- and agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons, subpopulations of GABAergic neurons are emerging as key regulators of energy balance. However, the precise identity of these metabolic neurons is still elusive. Here, we identified and characterized the molecular signature of a novel population of GABAergic neurons of the ARC expressing Cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1 (Crabp1). METHODS Using a combination of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques, we investigated the expression of Crabp1 across the mouse brain and characterized the molecular identity of Crabp1ARC neurons. We also determined whether Crabp1ARC neurons are sensitive to fasting, leptin, and GLP1R agonism by assessing cFOS immunoreactivity as a marker of neuronal activity. RESULTS Crabp1ARC neurons represent a novel GABAergic neuronal population robustly enriched in the ARC and are distinct from the prototypical melanocortin neurons. Crabp1ARC neurons overlap with three subpopulations of yet uncharacterized ARC neurons expressing Htr3b, Tbx19, and Tmem215. Notably, Crabp1ARC neurons express receptors for metabolic hormones and their activity is modulated by the nutritional state and GLP1R agonism. CONCLUSION Crabp1ARC neurons represent a novel heterogeneous population of GABAergic neurons sensitive to metabolic status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Lavoie
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Audrey Turmel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Paige Mattoon
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Natalie Jane Michael
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lorch CM, Hayes NW, Xia JL, Fleps SW, McMorrow HE, Province HS, Frydman JA, Parker JG, Beutler LR. Sucrose overconsumption impairs AgRP neuron dynamics and promotes palatable food intake. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113675. [PMID: 38224492 PMCID: PMC10922425 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid gut-brain communication is critical to maintain energy balance and is disrupted in diet-induced obesity. In particular, the role of carbohydrate overconsumption in the regulation of interoceptive circuits in vivo requires further investigation. Here, we report that an obesogenic high-sucrose diet (HSD) selectively blunts silencing of hunger-promoting agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons following intragastric delivery of glucose, whereas we previously showed that overconsumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) selectively attenuates lipid-induced neural silencing. By contrast, both HSD and HFD reversibly dampen rapid AgRP neuron inhibition following chow presentation and promote intake of more palatable foods. Our findings reveal that excess sugar and fat pathologically modulate feeding circuit activity in both macronutrient-dependent and -independent ways and thus may additively exacerbate obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Lorch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nikolas W Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jessica L Xia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stefan W Fleps
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hayley E McMorrow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haley S Province
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joshua A Frydman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jones G Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lisa R Beutler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Higgins MBA, Glendining KA, Jasoni CL. The temporal and spatial pattern of leptin receptor-expressing cells in the developing mouse hypothalamus. J Neuroendocrinol 2024; 36:e13366. [PMID: 38279680 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The arcuate nucleus is a crucial hypothalamic brain region involved in regulating body weight homeostasis. Neurons within the arcuate nucleus respond to peripheral metabolic signals, such as leptin, and relay these signals via neuronal projections to brain regions both within and outside the hypothalamus, ultimately causing changes in an animal's behaviour and physiology. There is a substantial amount of evidence to indicate that leptin is intimately involved with the postnatal development of arcuate nucleus melanocortin circuitry. Further, it is clear that leptin signalling directly in the arcuate nucleus is required for circuitry development. However, as leptin receptor long isoform (Leprb) mRNA is expressed in multiple nuclei within the developing hypothalamus, including the postsynaptic target regions of arcuate melanocortin projections, this raises the possibility that leptin also signals in these nuclei to promote circuitry development. Here, we used RT-qPCR and RNAscope® to reveal the spatio-temporal pattern of Leprb mRNA in the early postnatal mouse hypothalamus. We found that Leprb mRNA expression increased significantly in the arcuate nucleus, ventromedial nucleus and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus from P8, in concert with the leptin surge. In the dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, increases in Leprb mRNA were slightly later, increasing significantly from P12. Using duplex RNAscope®, we found Leprb co-expressed with Sim1, Pou3f2, Mc4r and Bdnf in the paraventricular nucleus at P8. Together, these data suggest that leptin may signal in a subset of neurons postsynaptic to arcuate melanocortin neurons, as well as within the arcuate nucleus itself, to promote the formation of arcuate melanocortin circuitry during the early postnatal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matt B A Higgins
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kelly A Glendining
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Physiology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Christine L Jasoni
- Centre for Neuroendocrinology, Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Boyle CA, Kola PK, Oraegbuna CS, Lei S. Leptin excites basolateral amygdala principal neurons and reduces food intake by LepRb-JAK2-PI3K-dependent depression of GIRK channels. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31117. [PMID: 37683049 PMCID: PMC10920395 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that modulates food intake, energy balance, neuroendocrine status, thermogenesis, and cognition. Whereas a high density of leptin receptors has been detected in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons, the physiological functions of leptin in the BLA have not been determined yet. We found that application of leptin excited BLA principal neurons by activation of the long form leptin receptor, LepRb. The LepRb-elicited excitation of BLA neurons was mediated by depression of the G protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels. Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) were required for leptin-induced excitation of BLA neurons and depression of GIRK channels. Microinjection of leptin into the BLA reduced food intake via activation of LepRb, JAK2, and PI3K. Our results may provide a cellular and molecular mechanism to explain the physiological roles of leptin in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cody A. Boyle
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA
| | - Phani K. Kola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA
| | - Chidiebele S. Oraegbuna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA
| | - Saobo Lei
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND58203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Piątkowska-Chmiel I, Krawiec P, Ziętara KJ, Pawłowski P, Samardakiewicz M, Pac-Kożuchowska E, Herbet M. The Impact of Chronic Stress Related to COVID-19 on Eating Behaviors and the Risk of Obesity in Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2023; 16:54. [PMID: 38201884 PMCID: PMC10780384 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, an increase in the incidence of overweight and obesity in children was observed. It appears that unhealthy food choices, an unbalanced diet, and a sedentary lifestyle, as well as experiencing stress related to the pandemic, may be contributing to this disturbing trend. Chronic stress is a significant factor contributing to eating disorders and obesity in youngsters, involving medical, molecular, and psychological elements. Individuals under chronic stress often focus on appearance and weight, leading to negative body image and disrupted relationships with food, resulting in unhealthy eating behaviors. Chronic stress also impacts hormonal balance, reducing the satiety hormone leptin and elevating the appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin, fostering increased hunger and uncontrolled snacking. Two systems, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic system with the adrenal medulla, are activated in response to stress, causing impaired secretion of noradrenaline and cortisol. Stress-related obesity mechanisms encompass oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, insulin resistance, and neurohormonal and neurotransmission disorders. Stress induces insulin resistance, elevating obesity risk by disrupting blood sugar regulation and fat storage. Stress also affects the gut microbiome, potentially influencing chronic inflammation and metabolic processes linked to obesity. In conclusion, chronic stress is a multifaceted risk factor for eating disorders and obesity in children, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of effective preventive and intervention strategies amid the escalating prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Piątkowska-Chmiel
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Paulina Krawiec
- Department of Paediatrics and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1 Street, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (E.P.-K.)
| | - Karolina Joanna Ziętara
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.J.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Piotr Pawłowski
- Student Scientific Association at the Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (K.J.Z.); (P.P.)
| | - Marzena Samardakiewicz
- Department of Psychology, Psychosocial Aspects of Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 7 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Pac-Kożuchowska
- Department of Paediatrics and Gastroenterology, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1 Street, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (E.P.-K.)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
So WL, Hu J, Jeffs L, Dempsey H, Lockie SH, Zigman JM, Stark R, Reichenbach A, Andrews ZB. Ghrelin signalling in AgRP neurons links metabolic state to the sensory regulation of AgRP neural activity. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101826. [PMID: 37898450 PMCID: PMC10643323 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The sensory detection of food and food cues suppresses Agouti related peptide (AgRP) neuronal activity prior to consumption with greatest suppression occurring in response to highly caloric food or interoceptive energy need. However, the interoceptive mechanisms priming an appropriate AgRP neural response to external sensory information of food availability remain unexplored. Since hunger increases plasma ghrelin, we hypothesized that ghrelin receptor (GHSR) signalling on AgRP neurons is a key interoceptive mechanism integrating energy need with external sensory cues predicting caloric availability. METHODS We used in vivo photometry to measure the effects of ghrelin administration or fasting on AgRP neural activity with GCaMP6s and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens with GRAB-DA in mice lacking ghrelin receptors in AgRP neurons. RESULTS The deletion of GHSR on AgRP neurons prevented ghrelin-induced food intake, motivation and AgRP activity. The presentation of food (peanut butter pellet) or a wooden dowel suppressed AgRP activity in fasted WT but not mice lacking GHSRs in AgRP neurons. Similarly, peanut butter and a wooden dowel increased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens after ip ghrelin injection in WT but not mice lacking GHSRs in AgRP neurons. No difference in dopamine release was observed in fasted mice. Finally, ip ghrelin administration did not directly increase dopamine neural activity in the ventral tegmental area. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that AgRP GHSRs integrate an interoceptive state of energy need with external sensory information to produce an optimal change in AgRP neural activity. Thus, ghrelin signalling on AgRP neurons is more than just a feedback signal to increase AgRP activity during hunger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lok So
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiachen Hu
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lotus Jeffs
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harry Dempsey
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah H Lockie
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Romana Stark
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Reichenbach
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Al Zein M, Zein O, Diab R, Dimachkie L, Sahebkar A, Al-Asmakh M, Kobeissy F, Eid AH. Intermittent fasting favorably modulates adipokines and potentially attenuates atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115876. [PMID: 37871879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is now recognized as an endocrine organ that secretes bioactive molecules called adipokines. These biomolecules regulate key physiological functions, including insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, appetite regulation, endothelial function and immunity. Dysregulated secretion of adipokines is intimately associated with obesity, and translates into increased risk of obesity-related cardiovasculo-metabolic diseases. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that adipokine imbalance contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. One of the promising diet regimens that is beneficial in the fight against obesity and cardiometabolic disorders is intermittent fasting (IF). Indeed, IF robustly suppresses inflammation, meditates weight loss and mitigates many aspects of the cardiometabolic syndrome. In this paper, we review the main adipokines and their role in atherosclerosis, which remains a major contributor to cardiovascular-associated morbidity and mortality. We further discuss how IF can be employed as an effective management modality for obesity-associated atherosclerosis. By exploring a plethora of the beneficial effects of IF, particularly on inflammatory markers, we present IF as a possible intervention to help prevent atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Zein
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omar Zein
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Diab
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina Dimachkie
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tseng YT, Schaefke B, Wei P, Wang L. Defensive responses: behaviour, the brain and the body. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:655-671. [PMID: 37730910 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00736-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Most animals live under constant threat from predators, and predation has been a major selective force in shaping animal behaviour. Nevertheless, defence responses against predatory threats need to be balanced against other adaptive behaviours such as foraging, mating and recovering from infection. This behavioural balance in ethologically relevant contexts requires adequate integration of internal and external signals in a complex interplay between the brain and the body. Despite this complexity, research has often considered defensive behaviour as entirely mediated by the brain processing threat-related information obtained via perception of the external environment. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the endocrine, immune, gastrointestinal and reproductive systems have important roles in modulating behavioural responses to threat. In this Review, we focus on how predatory threat defence responses are shaped by threat imminence and review the circuitry between subcortical brain regions involved in mediating defensive behaviours. Then, we discuss the intersection of peripheral systems involved in internal states related to infection, hunger and mating with the neurocircuits that underlie defence responses against predatory threat. Through this process, we aim to elucidate the interconnections between the brain and body as an integrated network that facilitates appropriate defensive responses to threat and to discuss the implications for future behavioural research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tseng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behaviour, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bernhard Schaefke
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behaviour, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lee NJ, Oraha J, Qi Y, Enriquez RF, Tasan R, Herzog H. Altered function of arcuate leptin receptor expressing neuropeptide Y neurons depending on energy balance. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101790. [PMID: 37562743 PMCID: PMC10460992 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One of leptin's main targets in the hypothalamus are neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons, with selective deletion of leptin receptors (Lepr) specifically in Npy neurons resulting in major alterations of energy partitioning between fat and bone mass. However, the specific action of these Npy+/Lepr+ neurons compared to Npy-negative Lepr (Npy-/Lepr+) neurons in regard to energy homeostasis regulation is unknown. METHODS Specific AAV viral vectors were generated using DREADD and INTRSECT technology and used in male LeprCre/+ and LeprCre/+;NpyFlp/+ mice to assess the effect of activating either all Lepr neurons or specifically Npy+/Lepr+ or Npy-/Lepr+ neurons only on feeding, energy homeostasis control, and body composition. RESULTS Selective stimulation of Npy+/Lepr+ neurons led to an immediate decrease in respiratory quotient followed by a delayed increase in food intake in standard chow fed, but interestingly not in high fat diet (HFD) fed mice. In addition, stimulation of Npy+/Lepr+ neurons led to a robust increase in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and improved glucose tolerance. These effects were not observed in standard chow fed mice when Npy-/Lepr+ expressing neurons were specifically activated, suggesting the effects of leptin on these parameters are driven by NPY. However, under HFD condition when leptin levels are elevated, the stimulation of the Npy-/Lepr+ neurons increased food intake, physical activity and energy expenditure. Interestingly, chronic stimulation of Npy-positive Lepr neurons was able to increase bone mass independently of bodyweight, whilst chronic stimulation of the Npy-/Lepr+ neurons resulted in increased bodyweight and fat mass with proportionate increases in bone mass. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data indicate that leptin signalling through Npy-positive Lepr-expressing neurons controls energy partitioning via stimulation of thermogenesis, energy expenditure, and the use of fat as a fuel source. However, under prolonged HFD, leptin resistance may occur and actions of leptin signalling through Npy-negative Lepr hypothalamic neurons may exacerbate excess food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Lee
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jennifer Oraha
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW, Australia
| | - Yue Qi
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Ramon Tasan
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Herzog
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Eating behaviours are determined by the integration of interoceptive and environmental inputs. During pregnancy, numerous physiological adaptations take place in the maternal organism to provide an adequate environment for embryonic growth. Among them, whole-body physiological remodelling directly influences eating patterns, commonly causing notable taste perception alterations, food aversions and cravings. Recurrent food cravings for and compulsive eating of highly palatable food can contribute to the development and maintenance of gestational overweight and obesity with potential adverse health consequences for the offspring. Although much is known about how maternal eating habits influence offspring health, the mechanisms that underlie changes in taste perception and food preference during pregnancy (which guide and promote feeding) are only just starting to be elucidated. Given the limited and diffuse understanding of the neurobiology of gestational eating patterns, the aim of this Review is to compile, integrate and discuss the research conducted on this topic in both experimental models and humans. This article sheds light on the mechanisms that drive changes in female feeding behaviours during distinct physiological states. Understanding these processes is crucial to improve gestational parent health and decrease the burden of metabolic and food-related diseases in future generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
- School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
López-Méndez I, Maldonado-Rojas ADC, Uribe M, Juárez-Hernández E. Hunger & satiety signals: another key mechanism involved in the NAFLD pathway. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1213372. [PMID: 37753211 PMCID: PMC10518611 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1213372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a highly prevalent metabolic disease, although prevalence could change according to region, nowadays is considered a public health problem whose real impact on the health system is unknown. NAFLD has a multifactorial and complex pathophysiology, due to this, developing a unique and effective pharmacological treatment has not been successful in reverting or avoiding the progression of this liver disease. Even though NAFLD pathophysiology is known, all actual treatments are focused on modifying or regulating the metabolic pathways, some of which interplay with obesity. It has been known that impairments in hunger and satiety signals are associated with obesity, however, abnormalities in these signals in patients with NAFLD and obesity are not fully elucidated. To describe these mechanisms opens an additional option as a therapeutic target sharing metabolic pathways with NAFLD, therefore, this review aims to describe the hormones and peptides implicated in both hunger-satiety in NAFLD. It has been established that NAFLD pharmacological treatment cannot be focused on a single purpose; hence, identifying interplays that lead to adding or modifying current treatment options could also have an impact on another related outcome such as hunger or satiety signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván López-Méndez
- Hepatology and Transplants Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Misael Uribe
- Gastroenterology and Obesity Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eva Juárez-Hernández
- Translational Research Unit, Medica Sur Clinic & Foundation, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sweeney P, Gimenez LE, Hernandez CC, Cone RD. Targeting the central melanocortin system for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:507-519. [PMID: 37365323 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
A large body of preclinical and clinical data shows that the central melanocortin system is a promising therapeutic target for treating various metabolic disorders such as obesity and cachexia, as well as anorexia nervosa. Setmelanotide, which functions by engaging the central melanocortin circuitry, was approved by the FDA in 2020 for use in certain forms of syndromic obesity. Furthermore, the FDA approvals in 2019 of two peptide drugs targeting melanocortin receptors for the treatment of generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder (bremelanotide) and erythropoietic protoporphyria-associated phototoxicity (afamelanotide) demonstrate the safety of this class of peptides. These approvals have also renewed excitement in the development of therapeutics targeting the melanocortin system. Here, we review the anatomy and function of the melanocortin system, discuss progress and challenges in developing melanocortin receptor-based therapeutics, and outline potential metabolic and behavioural disorders that could be addressed using pharmacological agents targeting these receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Sweeney
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Luis E Gimenez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Roger D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, College of Literature Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang SX, Kim A, Madara JC, Zhu PK, Christenson LF, Lutas A, Kalugin PN, Jin Y, Pal A, Tian L, Lowell BB, Andermann ML. Competition between stochastic neuropeptide signals calibrates the rate of satiation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3185572. [PMID: 37546985 PMCID: PMC10402269 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3185572/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how transmission of hunger- and satiety-promoting neuropeptides, NPY and αMSH, is integrated at the level of intracellular signaling to control feeding. Receptors for these peptides use the second messenger cAMP. How cAMP integrates opposing peptide signals to regulate energy balance, and the in vivo spatiotemporal dynamics of endogenous peptidergic signaling, remain largely unknown. We show that AgRP axon stimulation in the paraventricular hypothalamus evokes probabilistic NPY release that triggers stochastic cAMP decrements in downstream MC4R-expressing neurons (PVHMC4R). Meanwhile, POMC axon stimulation triggers stochastic, αMSH-dependent cAMP increments. Release of either peptide impacts a ~100 μm diameter region, and when these peptide signals overlap, they compete to control cAMP. The competition is reflected by hunger-state-dependent differences in the amplitude and persistence of cAMP transients: hunger peptides are more efficacious in the fasted state, satiety peptides in the fed state. Feeding resolves the competition by simultaneously elevating αMSH release and suppressing NPY release, thereby sustaining elevated cAMP in PVHMC4R neurons. In turn, cAMP potentiates feeding-related excitatory inputs and promotes satiation across minutes. Our findings highlight how biochemical integration of opposing, quantal peptide signals during energy intake orchestrates a gradual transition between stable states of hunger and satiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Angela Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joseph C Madara
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paula K Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lauren F Christenson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew Lutas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Present address: Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter N Kalugin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yihan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Akash Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Co-corresponding authors
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhang SX, Kim A, Madara JC, Zhu PK, Christenson LF, Lutas A, Kalugin PN, Jin Y, Pal A, Tian L, Lowell BB, Andermann ML. Competition between stochastic neuropeptide signals calibrates the rate of satiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.11.548551. [PMID: 37503012 PMCID: PMC10369917 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.548551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how transmission of hunger- and satiety-promoting neuropeptides, NPY and αMSH, is integrated at the level of intracellular signaling to control feeding. Receptors for these peptides use the second messenger cAMP, but the messenger's spatiotemporal dynamics and role in energy balance are controversial. We show that AgRP axon stimulation in the paraventricular hypothalamus evokes probabilistic and spatially restricted NPY release that triggers stochastic cAMP decrements in downstream MC4R-expressing neurons (PVH MC4R ). Meanwhile, POMC axon stimulation triggers stochastic, αMSH-dependent cAMP increments. NPY and αMSH competitively control cAMP, as reflected by hunger-state-dependent differences in the amplitude and persistence of cAMP transients evoked by each peptide. During feeding bouts, elevated αMSH release and suppressed NPY release cooperatively sustain elevated cAMP in PVH MC4R neurons, thereby potentiating feeding-related excitatory inputs and promoting satiation across minutes. Our findings highlight how state-dependent integration of opposing, quantal peptidergic events by a common biochemical target calibrates energy intake.
Collapse
|
28
|
Haspula D, Cui Z. Neurochemical Basis of Inter-Organ Crosstalk in Health and Obesity: Focus on the Hypothalamus and the Brainstem. Cells 2023; 12:1801. [PMID: 37443835 PMCID: PMC10341274 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Precise neural regulation is required for maintenance of energy homeostasis. Essential to this are the hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei which are located adjacent and supra-adjacent to the circumventricular organs. They comprise multiple distinct neuronal populations which receive inputs not only from other brain regions, but also from circulating signals such as hormones, nutrients, metabolites and postprandial signals. Hence, they are ideally placed to exert a multi-tier control over metabolism. The neuronal sub-populations present in these key metabolically relevant nuclei regulate various facets of energy balance which includes appetite/satiety control, substrate utilization by peripheral organs and glucose homeostasis. In situations of heightened energy demand or excess, they maintain energy homeostasis by restoring the balance between energy intake and expenditure. While research on the metabolic role of the central nervous system has progressed rapidly, the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms involved in regulating distinct metabolic functions have only gained traction in the last few decades. The focus of this review is to provide an updated summary of the mechanisms by which the various neuronal subpopulations, mainly located in the hypothalamus and the brainstem, regulate key metabolic functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Haspula
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhenzhong Cui
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Oliveira LDC, Morais GP, de Oliveira FP, Mata MM, Vera ASC, da Rocha AL, Elias LLK, Teixeira GR, de Moraes C, Cintra DE, Ropelle ER, de Moura LP, Pauli JR, de Freitas EC, Rorato R, da Silva ASR. Intermittent fasting combined with exercise training reduces body mass and alleviates hypothalamic disorders induced by high-fat diet intake. J Nutr Biochem 2023:109372. [PMID: 37169229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet consumption causes hypothalamic inflammation, dysregulating the leptin pathway, which, in turn, compromises the modulation of hypothalamic neuronal activities and predisposes obesity development. Intermittent fasting (IF) and exercise training (ET) have been demonstrated as efficient interventions to modulate hypothalamic inflammation and neuronal activity. However, no studies have evaluated whether combining these interventions could induce better results in reestablishing hypothalamic homeostasis disrupted by high-fat diet intake. The 8-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into two groups: sedentary mice fed a standard diet (CT), and sedentary mice fed a high-fat diet (HF). After 8 weeks of an HF diet, part of the HF group (now 16 weeks old) was randomly subjected to different interventions for 6 weeks: HF-IF = HF diet mice submitted to IF; HF-T = HF diet mice submitted to ET; HF-IFT = HF diet mice submitted to IF and ET. All interventions decreased the body weight gain induced by high-fat diet intake, associated with reduced calorie consumption in week 14. Only the HF-IFT group presented improved serum insulin, leptin, resistin, and Tnf-alpha levels concomitantly with decreased hypothalamic inflammation. The HF-IFT group also demonstrated increased Pomc mRNA expression associated with enhanced pSTAT3 expression in the hypothalamic arcuate and ventromedial hypothalamic nuclei. Our data indicate that the beneficial effects of the combination of IF and ET on energy homeostasis are associated with increased leptin sensitivity in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, which is likely due to an improvement in hypothalamic inflammatory pathways in these nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana da Costa Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Paroschi Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Franciane Pereira de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Stress Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milene Montavoni Mata
- Departament of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Allice Santos Cruz Vera
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Alisson Luiz da Rocha
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giovana Rampazzo Teixeira
- Multicenter Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila de Moraes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys E Cintra
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Ropelle
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro P de Moura
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José R Pauli
- School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen C de Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Laboratory of Stress Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez R da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.; Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise (LaBMEx), School of Applied Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil..
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hernandez CC, Gimenez LE, Dahir NS, Peisley A, Cone RD. The unique structural characteristics of the Kir 7.1 inward rectifier potassium channel: a novel player in energy homeostasis control. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C694-C706. [PMID: 36717105 PMCID: PMC10026989 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00335.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The inward rectifier potassium channel Kir7.1, encoded by the KCNJ13 gene, is a tetramer composed of two-transmembrane domain-spanning monomers, closer in homology to Kir channels associated with potassium transport such as Kir1.1, 1.2, and 1.3. Compared with other channels, Kir7.1 exhibits small unitary conductance and low dependence on external potassium. Kir7.1 channels also show a phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) dependence for opening. Accordingly, retinopathy-associated Kir7.1 mutations mapped at the binding site for PIP2 resulted in channel gating defects leading to channelopathies such as snowflake vitreoretinal degeneration and Leber congenital amaurosis in blind patients. Lately, this channel's role in energy homeostasis was reported due to the direct interaction with the melanocortin type 4 receptor (MC4R) in the hypothalamus. As this channel seems to play a multipronged role in potassium homeostasis and neuronal excitability, we will discuss what is predicted from a structural viewpoint and its possible implications for hunger control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciria C Hernandez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Luis E Gimenez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Naima S Dahir
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Alys Peisley
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Roger D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Korgan AC, Oliveira-Abreu K, Wei W, Martin SLA, Bridges ZJD, Leal-Cardoso JH, Kaczorowski CC, O'Connell KMS. High sucrose consumption decouples intrinsic and synaptic excitability of AgRP neurons without altering body weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:224-235. [PMID: 36725979 PMCID: PMC10023568 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE As the obesity epidemic continues, the understanding of macronutrient influence on central nervous system function is critical for understanding diet-induced obesity and potential therapeutics, particularly in light of the increased sugar content in processed foods. Previous research showed mixed effects of sucrose feeding on body weight gain but has yet to reveal insight into the impact of sucrose on hypothalamic functioning. Here, we explore the impact of liquid sucrose feeding for 12 weeks on body weight, body composition, caloric intake, and hypothalamic AgRP neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. METHODS Patch-clamp electrophysiology of hypothalamic AgRP neurons, metabolic phenotyping and food intake were performed on C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS While mice given sugar-sweetened water do not gain significant weight, they do show subtle differences in body composition and caloric intake. When given sugar-sweetened water, mice show similar alterations to AgRP neuronal excitability as in high-fat diet obese models. Increased sugar consumption also primes mice for increased caloric intake and weight gain when given access to a HFD. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that elevated sucrose consumption increased activity of AgRP neurons and altered synaptic excitability. This may contribute to obesity in mice and humans with access to more palatable (HFD) diets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Korgan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Klausen Oliveira-Abreu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Wei Wei
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Zoey J D Bridges
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | | | - Catherine C Kaczorowski
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen M S O'Connell
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chen L, Lu Y, Zhou YF, Wang Y, Zhan HF, Zhao YT, Wang YL, Zhang FF, Chen H, Li X. The effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea on women's health and the therapeutic approaches: a narrative review. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:132. [PMID: 36819572 PMCID: PMC9929756 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Weight loss-related amenorrhea is defined as the reversible functional inhibition of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis associated with weight loss or low body weight, which occurs mostly in adolescents and women of reproductive age. The specific pathological mechanisms of this disease have not yet been elucidated, and the optimal evidence-based guidelines for its clinical assessment and management are limited. This review summarizes its adverse effects on female health, and the individualized, emerging, and multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches used to treat it. Methods We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases for Chinese and English literature on functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA), and retrieved original articles (on basic and clinical research) and reviews published up to December 2022. Key Content and Findings We reviewed the findings on the unfavorable effects of weight loss-related amenorrhea with a focus on reproduction, the skeletal and cardiovascular system, other endocrine effects, and mental health. Lifestyle changes and hormonal replacement have been shown to alleviate the underlying causes and lead to the recovery of menstruation. However, the efficacy of treatments is affected by many factors, such as psychological stress and heterogeneity. Conclusions Weight loss-related amenorrhea, which is an important type of FHA, is manifested by anovulation and hypoestrogenism, and has both short- and long-term adverse effects on women's overall health. It is difficult to alleviate its underlying causes. Individualized treatments need to be optimized and emerging or multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches need to be explored that aim to recover normal menstruation and ovulation, eliminate the undesirable effects of prolonged hypoestrogenism and alleviate psychological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China;,Department of Gynecology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University), Changsha, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhan
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China;,Department of Gynecology, Shanghai Jing’an Central Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Lu Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei-Fei Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Clinical Trials in Prader-Willi Syndrome: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032150. [PMID: 36768472 PMCID: PMC9916985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex, genetic, neurodevelopmental disorder. PWS has three molecular genetic classes. The most common defect is due to a paternal 15q11-q13 deletion observed in about 60% of individuals. This is followed by maternal disomy 15 (both 15 s from the mother), found in approximately 35% of cases. the remaining individuals have a defect of the imprinting center that controls the activity of imprinted genes on chromosome 15. Mild cognitive impairment and behavior problems in PWS include self-injury, anxiety, compulsions, and outbursts in childhood, impacted by genetic subtypes. Food seeking and hyperphagia can lead to morbid obesity and contribute to diabetes and cardiovascular or orthopedic problems. The control of hyperphagia and improving food-related behaviors are the most important unmet needs in PWS and could be addressed with the development of a new therapeutic agent, as currently no approved therapeutics exist for PWS treatment. The status of clinical trials with existing results for the management of obesity and hyperphagia in PWS will be discussed in this review, including treatments such as beloranib, setmelanotide, a diazoxide choline controlled-release tablet (DCCR), an unacylated ghrelin analogue, oxytocin and related compounds, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, surgical intervention, and transcranial direct-current stimulation.
Collapse
|
34
|
Noguez Imm R, Muñoz-Benitez J, Medina D, Barcenas E, Molero-Castillo G, Reyes-Ortega P, Hughes-Cano JA, Medrano-Gracia L, Miranda-Anaya M, Rojas-Piloni G, Quiroz-Mercado H, Hernández-Zimbrón LF, Fajardo-Cruz ED, Ferreyra-Severo E, García-Franco R, Rubio Mijangos JF, López-Star E, García-Roa M, Lansingh VC, Thébault SC. Preventable risk factors for type 2 diabetes can be detected using noninvasive spontaneous electroretinogram signals. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278388. [PMID: 36634073 PMCID: PMC9836271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the ever-increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity, the pressure on global healthcare is expected to be colossal, especially in terms of blindness. Electroretinogram (ERG) has long been perceived as a first-use technique for diagnosing eye diseases, and some studies suggested its use for preventable risk factors of type 2 diabetes and thereby diabetic retinopathy (DR). Here, we show that in a non-evoked mode, ERG signals contain spontaneous oscillations that predict disease cases in rodent models of obesity and in people with overweight, obesity, and metabolic syndrome but not yet diabetes, using one single random forest-based model. Classification performance was both internally and externally validated, and correlation analysis showed that the spontaneous oscillations of the non-evoked ERG are altered before oscillatory potentials, which are the current gold-standard for early DR. Principal component and discriminant analysis suggested that the slow frequency (0.4-0.7 Hz) components are the main discriminators for our predictive model. In addition, we established that the optimal conditions to record these informative signals, are 5-minute duration recordings under daylight conditions, using any ERG sensors, including ones working with portative, non-mydriatic devices. Our study provides an early warning system with promising applications for prevention, monitoring and even the development of new therapies against type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramsés Noguez Imm
- Instituto de Neurobiología y Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Julio Muñoz-Benitez
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diego Medina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Everardo Barcenas
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Molero-Castillo
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Pamela Reyes-Ortega
- Instituto de Neurobiología y Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Jorge Armando Hughes-Cano
- Instituto de Neurobiología y Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Manuel Miranda-Anaya
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación-Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Rojas-Piloni
- Instituto de Neurobiología y Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Fernando Hernández-Zimbrón
- Research Department, Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera, Mexico City, Mexico
- Clínica de Salud Visual, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad León, Universidad Nacional Autonóma de México (UNAM), León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | | | - Renata García-Franco
- Instituto de la Retina del Bajío (INDEREB), Prolongación Constituyentes 302 (Consultorios 410 y 411, torre 3, Hospital San José), El jacal, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Juan Fernando Rubio Mijangos
- Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmología (IMO), I.A.P., Circuito Exterior Estadio Corregidora Sn, Centro Sur, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Ellery López-Star
- Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmología (IMO), I.A.P., Circuito Exterior Estadio Corregidora Sn, Centro Sur, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Marlon García-Roa
- Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmología (IMO), I.A.P., Circuito Exterior Estadio Corregidora Sn, Centro Sur, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Van Charles Lansingh
- Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmología (IMO), I.A.P., Circuito Exterior Estadio Corregidora Sn, Centro Sur, Santiago de Querétaro, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Stéphanie C. Thébault
- Instituto de Neurobiología y Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shin S, You IJ, Jeong M, Bae Y, Wang XY, Cawley ML, Han A, Lim BK. Early adversity promotes binge-like eating habits by remodeling a leptin-responsive lateral hypothalamus-brainstem pathway. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:79-91. [PMID: 36510113 PMCID: PMC9829538 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early-life trauma (ELT) is a risk factor for binge eating and obesity later in life, yet the neural circuits that underlie this association have not been addressed. Here, we show in mice that downregulation of the leptin receptor (Lepr) in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and its effect on neural activity is crucial in causing ELT-induced binge-like eating and obesity upon high-fat diet exposure. We also found that the increased activity of Lepr-expressing LH (LHLepr) neurons encodes sustained binge-like eating in ELT mice. Inhibition of LHLepr neurons projecting to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray normalizes these behavioral features of ELT mice. Furthermore, activation of proenkephalin-expressing ventrolateral periaqueductal gray neurons, which receive inhibitory inputs from LHLepr neurons, rescues ELT-induced maladaptive eating habits. Our results identify a circuit pathway that mediates ELT-induced maladaptive eating and may lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for binge eating and obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sora Shin
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- FBRI Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, VA, USA.
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - In-Jee You
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
- FBRI Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Minju Jeong
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yeeun Bae
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
- FBRI Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Xiao-Yun Wang
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mikel Leann Cawley
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
- FBRI Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, VA, USA
| | - Abraham Han
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA, USA
- FBRI Center for Neurobiology Research, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Byung Kook Lim
- Neurobiology Section, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stapelberg NJC, Bui TA, Mansour V, Johnson S, Branjerdporn G, Adhikary S, Ashton K, Taylor N, Headrick JP. The pathophysiology of major depressive disorder through the lens of systems biology: Network analysis of the psycho-immune-neuroendocrine physiome. J Neuroimmunol 2022; 372:577959. [PMID: 36095861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2022.577959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The psycho-immune-neuroendocrine (PINE) network is a predominantly physiological (metabolomic) model constructed from the literature, inter-linking multiple biological processes associated with major depressive disorder (MDD), thereby integrating putative mechanistic pathways for MDD into a single network. MATERIAL AND METHODS Previously published metabolomic pathways for the PINE network based on literature searches conducted in 1991-2021 were used to construct an edge table summarizing all physiological pathways in pairs of origin nodes and target nodes. The Gephi software program was used to calculate network metrics from the edge table, including total degree and centrality measures, to ascertain key network nodes and construct a directed network graph. RESULTS An edge table and directional network graph of physiological relationships in the PINE network is presented. The network has properties consistent with complex biological systems, with analysis yielding key network nodes comprising pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF- α, IL6 and IL1), glucocorticoids and corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH). These may represent central structural and regulatory elements in the context of MDD. CONCLUSION The identified hubs have a high degree of connection and are known to play roles in the progression from health to MDD. These nodes represent strategic targets for therapeutic intervention or prevention. Future work is required to build a weighted and dynamic simulation of the network PINE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J C Stapelberg
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Robina, Australia; Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia
| | | | - Verena Mansour
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Robina, Australia
| | | | - Grace Branjerdporn
- Gold Coast Health, Southport, Australia; Mater Young Adult Health Service, Mater Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Sam Adhikary
- Mater Young Adult Health Service, Mater Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kevin Ashton
- Bond University, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Robina, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Jiang H. Hypothalamic GABAergic neurocircuitry in the regulation of energy homeostasis and sleep/wake control. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:531-540. [PMID: 37724165 PMCID: PMC10388747 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neuron, as one of important cell types in synaptic transmission, has been widely involved in central nervous system (CNS) regulation of organismal physiologies including cognition, emotion, arousal and reward. However, upon their distribution in various brain regions, effects of GABAergic neurons in the brain are very diverse. In current report, we will present an overview of the role of GABAergic mediated inhibitory neurocircuitry in the hypothalamus, underlying mechanism of feeding and sleep homeostasis as well as the characteristics of latest transcriptome profile in order to call attention to the GABAergic system as potentially a promising pharmaceutical intervention or a deep brain stimulation target in eating and sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang X, Li H. Chronic high-fat diet induces overeating and impairs synaptic transmission in feeding-related brain regions. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1019446. [PMID: 36226318 PMCID: PMC9549200 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1019446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is linked to overeating, which can exacerbate unhealthy weight gain. However, the mechanisms for mediating such linkages are elusive. In the current study, we hypothesized that synaptic remodeling occurs in feeding-related brain regions of obese mice. To investigate this, we established a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mouse model and observed that these mice consumed excessive calories. The effect of chronic HFD feeding on lipid droplet accumulation in different brain structures was also investigated. We found that lipid droplets accumulated on the ependyma of the third ventricle (3V), which is surrounded by key areas of the hypothalamus that are involved in feeding. Then, the spontaneous synaptic activity of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) and miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current (mIPSC) was recorded in these hypothalamic areas. HFD induced a decreased amplitude of mEPSC in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) and the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), meanwhile, increased the frequency in the VMH. In addition, HFD reduced the frequency of mIPSC in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and increased the amplitude of mIPSC in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH). Subsequently, we also measured the synaptic activity of nucleus accumbens (NAc) neurons, which play a vital role in the hedonic aspect of eating, and discovered that HFD diminished the frequency of both mEPSC and mIPSC in the NAc. These findings suggest that chronic HFD feeding leads to lipid accumulation and synaptic dysfunction in specific brain regions, which are associated with energy homeostasis and reward regulation, and these impairments may lead to the overeating of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Britton Chance Center for Biomedical Photonics, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Ministry of Education (MoE) Key Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xu Wang,
| | - Haohong Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Centre and Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- The Ministry of Education (MoE) Frontier Research Center of Brain and Brain-machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Haohong Li,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Neurotransmitters: Potential Targets in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163970. [PMID: 36010960 PMCID: PMC9406056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Aiming to discover potential treatments for GBM, this review connects emerging research on the roles of neurotransmitters in the normal neural and the GBM microenvironments and sheds light on the prospects of their application in the neuropharmacology of GBM. Conventional therapy is blamed for its poor effect, especially in inhibiting tumor recurrence and invasion. Facing this dilemma, we focus on neurotransmitters that modulate GBM initiation, progression and invasion, hoping to provide novel therapy targeting GBM. By analyzing research concerning GBM therapy systematically and scientifically, we discover increasing insights into the regulatory effects of neurotransmitters, some of which have already shown great potential in research in vivo or in vitro. After that, we further summarize the potential drugs in correlation with previously published research. In summary, it is worth expecting that targeting neurotransmitters could be a promising novel pharmacological approach for GBM treatment. Abstract For decades, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a type of the most lethal brain tumor, has remained a formidable challenge in terms of its treatment. Recently, many novel discoveries have underlined the regulatory roles of neurotransmitters in the microenvironment both physiologically and pathologically. By targeting the receptors synaptically or non-synaptically, neurotransmitters activate multiple signaling pathways. Significantly, many ligands acting on neurotransmitter receptors have shown great potential for inhibiting GBM growth and development, requiring further research. Here, we provide an overview of the most novel advances concerning the role of neurotransmitters in the normal neural and the GBM microenvironments, and discuss potential targeted drugs used for GBM treatment.
Collapse
|
40
|
Fernandes ACA, de Oliveira FP, Fernandez G, da Guia Vieira L, Rosa CG, do Nascimento T, de Castro França S, Donato J, Vella KR, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Mecawi AS, Perello M, Elias LLK, Rorato R. Arcuate AgRP, but not POMC neurons, modulate paraventricular CRF synthesis and release in response to fasting. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:118. [PMID: 35902915 PMCID: PMC9331576 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00853-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is essential for metabolic adaptation in response to fasting. However, the neurocircuitry connecting changes in the peripheral energy stores to the activity of hypothalamic paraventricular corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRFPVN) neurons, the master controller of the HPA axis activity, is not completely understood. Our main goal was to determine if hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) POMC and AgRP neurons can communicate fasting-induced changes in peripheral energy stores, associated to a fall in plasma leptin levels, to CRFPVN neurons to modulate the HPA axis activity in mice. RESULTS We observed increased plasma corticosterone levels associate with increased CRFPVN mRNA expression and increased CRFPVN neuronal activity in 36 h fasted mice. These responses were associated with a fall in plasma leptin levels and changes in the mRNA expression of Agrp and Pomc in the ARC. Fasting-induced decrease in plasma leptin partially modulated these responses through a change in the activity of ARC neurons. The chemogenetic activation of POMCARC by DREADDs did not affect fasting-induced activation of the HPA axis. DREADDs inhibition of AgRPARC neurons reduced the content of CRFPVN and increased its accumulation in the median eminence but had no effect on corticosterone secretion induced by fasting. CONCLUSION Our data indicate that AgRPARC neurons are part of the neurocircuitry involved in the coupling of PVNCRF activity to changes in peripheral energy stores induced by prolonged fasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Franciane Pereira de Oliveira
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Gimena Fernandez
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata, La Plata, 403, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luane da Guia Vieira
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Gugelmin Rosa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Taís do Nascimento
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Suzelei de Castro França
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil
| | - Jose Donato
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Kristen R Vella
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism and the Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Jose Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - André Souza Mecawi
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA), National University of La Plata, La Plata, 403, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucila Leico Kagohara Elias
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Ribeirao Preto, Ribeirão Prêto, SP, 14096-900, Brazil. .,Department of Biophysics, Paulista Medical School, Federal University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, CEP 04023-062, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chadwick SR, Güler AD. Local Drd1-neurons input to subgroups of arcuate AgRP/NPY-neurons. iScience 2022; 25:104605. [PMID: 35789850 PMCID: PMC9250019 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic afflicting more than 300 million people worldwide, driven by consumption of calorically dense and highly rewarding foods. Dopamine (DA) signaling has been implicated in neural responses to highly palatable nutrients, but the exact mechanisms through which DA modulates homeostatic feeding circuits remains unknown. A subpopulation of arcuate (ARC) agouti-related peptide (AgRP)/neuropeptide Y (NPY) (ARCAgRP/NPY+) neurons express the D(1A) dopamine receptor (Drd1) and are stimulated by DA, suggesting one potential avenue for dopaminergic regulation of food intake. Using patch clamp electrophysiology, we evaluated the responses of ARC Drd1-expressing (ARCDrd1+) neurons to overnight fasting and leptin. Collectively, ARCDrd1+ neurons were less responsive to caloric deficit than ARCAgRP/NPY+ neurons; however, ARCDrd1+ neurons were inhibited by the satiety hormone leptin. Using Channelrhodopsin-2-Assisted Circuit Mapping, we identified novel subgroups of ARCDrd1+ neurons that inhibit or excite ARCAgRP/NPY+ neurons. These findings suggest dopamine receptive neurons have multimodal actions in food intake circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R. Chadwick
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience and the Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Ali D. Güler
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience and the Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bai X, Fu L, Jin N, Liu X, Chen L, Shan Y, Zhang N, Wang P. Rescue of obesity-induced infertility in female mice by silencing AgRP neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 623:32-38. [PMID: 35870259 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity impacts multiple sites of the hypothalamus-pituitary gland-ovary axis (HPO axis) and has become a leading cause of female infertility. However, the critical hypothalamic neurons that participate in the development of obesity-induced infertility have not been well defined yet. Previous studies suggested that metabolic-sensing agouti-related peptide-expressing (AgRP) neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) are hyperactive in diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. We hypothesize that these neurons may convey metabolic dysfunction onto the HPO axis and contribute to obesity-induced infertility's pathophysiological process. To determine if AgRP neurons in obesity play a necessary role in the development of reproductive impairment in obesity, we used the chemogenetic method to normalize the neuronal activity of AgRP neurons in DIO female mice and test if their fertility can be restored. Our results indicated that chemogenetic inhibition of AgRP neurons could fully rescue the reproductive performance of DIO female mice, as manifested by recovered sex hormonal levels, ovulation, and fecundity. Moreover, we assayed serum AgRP levels in normal-weight and obese women and found elevated AgRP levels in obese subjects, suggesting the correlation between obesity and AgRP neuronal hyperactivity. Our results indicated that AgRP neurons constitute a central node connecting metabolism and reproduction, and dysfunctions of these neurons play a crucial role in reproductive impairment induced by metabolic abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Bai
- Medical Center for Human Reproduction, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lei Fu
- Medical Center for Human Reproduction, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Naiqian Jin
- Medical Center for Human Reproduction, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Shandong, PR China
| | - Lili Chen
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yinghua Shan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Shandong, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Peng Wang
- Medical Center for Human Reproduction, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Palus-Chramiec K, Sanetra AM, Lewandowski MH. Day/night Changes in the Dorsomedial Hypothalamus Firing Responses to Ghrelin are Modulated by High-fat Diet. Neuroscience 2022; 494:167-177. [PMID: 35569641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) is a part of the feeding center involved in food intake and regulation of the metabolism. DMH neurons express many receptors for different metabolic cues which can modulate its network and influence animals' behaviour. One of the metabolic peptides deliveredto this structure is ghrelin, the only well-known hunger signal, produced mainly in the stomach. Diet-induced obesity is a physiological model of obesity widely used in research. Here we investigated how time-of-day and high-fat diet (HFD) affect neuronal networks and the sensitivity to the metabolic information received by the DMH. Our results indicate that even a short period of HFD (2-3 weeks) consumption can cause dysregulation of the DMH neuronal network, manifested as a disruption of the day/night pattern of basal activity and altered sensitivity to incoming information. We showed for the first time a day/night pattern of sensitivity to ghrelin in the DMH, with a higher level during the behaviorally active phase of animals. This day/night rhythm of sensitivity to ghrelin was reversed in HFD group, causing a stronger effect during the non-active phase. After prolongation of the HFD consumption to 7-8 weeks we observed an increase in the responsiveness to ghrelin, than during the short-term diet.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Palus-Chramiec
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa Street 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - A M Sanetra
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa Street 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - M H Lewandowski
- Department of Neurophysiology and Chronobiology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa Street 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Alcantara IC, Tapia APM, Aponte Y, Krashes MJ. Acts of appetite: neural circuits governing the appetitive, consummatory, and terminating phases of feeding. Nat Metab 2022; 4:836-847. [PMID: 35879462 PMCID: PMC10852214 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The overconsumption of highly caloric and palatable foods has caused a surge in obesity rates in the past half century, thereby posing a healthcare challenge due to the array of comorbidities linked to heightened body fat accrual. Developing treatments to manage body weight requires a grasp of the neurobiological basis of appetite. In this Review, we discuss advances in neuroscience that have identified brain regions and neural circuits that coordinate distinct phases of eating: food procurement, food consumption, and meal termination. While pioneering work identified several hypothalamic nuclei to be involved in feeding, more recent studies have explored how neuronal populations beyond the hypothalamus, such as the mesolimbic pathway and nodes in the hindbrain, interconnect to modulate appetite. We also examine how long-term exposure to a calorically dense diet rewires feeding circuits and alters the response of motivational systems to food. Understanding how the nervous system regulates eating behaviour will bolster the development of medical strategies that will help individuals to maintain a healthy body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan C Alcantara
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Yeka Aponte
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Michael J Krashes
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Morales I. Brain regulation of hunger and motivation: The case for integrating homeostatic and hedonic concepts and its implications for obesity and addiction. Appetite 2022; 177:106146. [PMID: 35753443 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and other eating disorders are marked by dysregulations to brain metabolic, hedonic, motivational, and sensory systems that control food intake. Classic approaches in hunger research have distinguished between hedonic and homeostatic processes, and have mostly treated these systems as independent. Hindbrain structures and a complex network of interconnected hypothalamic nuclei control metabolic processes, energy expenditure, and food intake while mesocorticolimbic structures are though to control hedonic and motivational processes associated with food reward. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that hedonic and homeostatic brain systems do not function in isolation, but rather interact as part of a larger network that regulates food intake. Incentive theories of motivation provide a useful route to explore these interactions. Adapting incentive theories of motivation can enable researchers to better how motivational systems dysfunction during disease. Obesity and addiction are associated with profound alterations to both hedonic and homeostatic brain systems that result in maladaptive patterns of consumption. A subset of individuals with obesity may experience pathological cravings for food due to incentive sensitization of brain systems that generate excessive 'wanting' to eat. Further progress in understanding how the brain regulates hunger and appetite may depend on merging traditional hedonic and homeostatic concepts of food reward and motivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Morales
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1043, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Morari J, Haddad-Tóvolli R, Silva Nogueira PA, Teixeira CJ, Maróstica R, Tobar N, Ramos CD, Velloso LA, Dias Bobbo VC, Anhê GF. Body mass variability in age-matched outbred male Swiss mice is associated to differential control of food intake by ghrelin. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 550:111646. [PMID: 35413387 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Swiss mice belong to an outbred strain of mice largely used as a model for experimental obesity induced by high fat diet (HFD). We have previously demonstrated that a given cohort of age-matched Swiss mice is hallmarked by heterogeneous changes in body weight when exposed to HFD. The reasons underlying such variability, however, are not completely understood. Therefore we aimed to clarify the mechanisms underlying the variability in spontaneous weight gain in age-matched male swiss mice. To achieve that, individuals in a cohort of age-matched male Swiss mice were categorized as prone to body mass gain (PBMG) and resistant to body mass gain (RBMG). PBMG animals had higher caloric intake and body mass gain. RBMG and PBMG mice had a similar reduction in food intake when challenged with leptin but only RBMG exhibited a drop in ghrelin concentrations after refeeding. PBMG also showed increased midbrain levels of ghrelin receptor (Ghsr) and Dopamine receptor d2 (Drd2) mRNAs upon refeeding. Pharmacological blockade of GHSR with JMV3002 failed to reduce food intake in PMBG mice as it did in RBMG. On the other hand, the response to JMV3002 seen in PBMG was hallmarked by singular transcriptional response in the midbrain characterized by a simultaneous increase in both tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) and Proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) expressions. In conclusion, our data show that differences in the expression of genes related to the reward system in the midbrain as well as in ghrelin concentrations in serum correlate with spontaneous variability in body mass and food intake seen in age-matched male Swiss mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseane Morari
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil; Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-881, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Silva Nogueira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Caio Jordão Teixeira
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of Sao Paulo, 1524. Prof. Lineu Prestes Ave., ICB1, Sao Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael Maróstica
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Natália Tobar
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Celso Dario Ramos
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Licio Augusto Velloso
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-887, Brazil; Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Dias Bobbo
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-864, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Forato Anhê
- Department of Translational Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, 13083-881, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Stincic TL, Kelly MJ. Estrogenic regulation of reproduction and energy homeostasis by a triumvirate of hypothalamic arcuate neurons. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13145. [PMID: 35581942 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is energetically demanding and therefore, by necessity, reproduction and energy balance are inextricably linked. With insufficient or excessive energy stores a female is liable to suffer complications during pregnancy or produce unhealthy offspring. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons are responsible for initiating both the pulsatile and subsequent surge release of luteinizing hormone to control ovulation. Meticulous work has identified two hypothalamic populations of kisspeptin (Kiss1) neurons that are critical for this pattern of release. The involvement of the hypothalamus is unsurprising because its quintessential function is to couple the endocrine and nervous systems, coordinating energy balance and reproduction. Estrogens, more specifically 17β-estradiol (E2 ), orchestrate the activity of a triumvirate of hypothalamic neurons within the arcuate nucleus (ARH) that govern the physiological underpinnings of these behavioral dynamics. Arising from a common progenitor pool, these cells differentiate into ARH kisspeptin, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and agouti related peptide/neuropeptide Y (AgRP) neurons. Although the excitability of all these subpopulations is subject to genomic and rapid estrogenic regulation, Kiss1 neurons are the most sensitive, reflecting their integral function in female fertility. Based on the premise that E2 coordinates autonomic functions around reproduction, we review recent findings on how Kiss1 neurons interact with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, AgRP and POMC neurons, as well as how the rapid membrane-initiated and intracellular signaling cascades activated by E2 in these neurons are critical for control of homeostatic functions supporting reproduction. In particular, we highlight how Kiss1 and POMC neurons conspire to inhibit AgRP neurons and diminish food motivation in service of reproductive success.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Todd L Stincic
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Martin J Kelly
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Le N, Sayers S, Mata-Pacheco V, Wagner EJ. The PACAP Paradox: Dynamic and Surprisingly Pleiotropic Actions in the Central Regulation of Energy Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:877647. [PMID: 35721722 PMCID: PMC9198406 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.877647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP), a pleiotropic neuropeptide, is widely distributed throughout the body. The abundance of PACAP expression in the central and peripheral nervous systems, and years of accompanying experimental evidence, indicates that PACAP plays crucial roles in diverse biological processes ranging from autonomic regulation to neuroprotection. In addition, PACAP is also abundantly expressed in the hypothalamic areas like the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei (VMN and ARC, respectively), as well as other brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), and ventral tegmental area (VTA) - suggesting that PACAP is capable of regulating energy homeostasis via both the homeostatic and hedonic energy balance circuitries. The evidence gathered over the years has increased our appreciation for its function in controlling energy balance. Therefore, this review aims to further probe how the pleiotropic actions of PACAP in regulating energy homeostasis is influenced by sex and dynamic changes in energy status. We start with a general overview of energy homeostasis, and then introduce the integral components of the homeostatic and hedonic energy balance circuitries. Next, we discuss sex differences inherent to the regulation of energy homeostasis via these two circuitries, as well as the activational effects of sex steroid hormones that bring about these intrinsic disparities between males and females. Finally, we explore the multifaceted role of PACAP in regulating homeostatic and hedonic feeding through its actions in regions like the NAc, BNST, and in particular the ARC, VMN and VTA that occur in sex- and energy status-dependent ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikki Le
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Sayers
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Veronica Mata-Pacheco
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - Edward J. Wagner
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kirson D, Spierling Bagsic SR, Murphy J, Chang H, Vlkolinsky R, Pucci SN, Prinzi J, Williams CA, Fang SY, Roberto M, Zorrilla EP. Decreased excitability of leptin-sensitive anterior insula pyramidal neurons in a rat model of compulsive food demand. Neuropharmacology 2022; 208:108980. [PMID: 35122838 PMCID: PMC9055870 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Compulsive eating is an overlapping construct with binge eating that shares many characteristics with substance use disorders. Compulsive eating may impact millions of Americans; presenting in some cases of binge eating disorders, overweight/obesity, and among individuals who have not yet been diagnosed with a recognized eating disorder. To study the behavioral and neurobiological underpinnings of compulsive eating, we employ a published rodent model using cyclic intermittent access to a palatable diet to develop a self-imposed binge-withdrawal cycle. Here, we further validated this model of compulsive eating in female Wistar rats, through the lens of behavioral economic analyses and observed heightened demand intensity, inelasticity and essential value as well as increased food-seeking during extinction. Using electrophysiological recordings in the anterior insular cortex, a region previously implicated in modulating compulsive-like eating in intermittent access models, we observed functional adaptations of pyramidal neurons. Within the same neurons, application of leptin led to further functional adaptations, suggesting a previously understudied, extrahypothalamic role of leptin in modulating feeding-related cortical circuits. Collectively, the findings suggest that leptin may modulate food-related motivation or decision-making via a plastic cortical circuit that is influenced by intermittent access to a preferred diet. These findings warrant further study of whether behavioral economics analysis of compulsive eating can impact disordered eating outcomes in humans and of the translational relevance of a leptin-sensitive anterior insular circuit implicated in these behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean Kirson
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, 71 S Manassas, Memphis, TN, 38103, USA
| | - Samantha R Spierling Bagsic
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Scripps Health, Scripps Whittier Diabetes Institute, 10140 Campus Point Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jiayuan Murphy
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hang Chang
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Roman Vlkolinsky
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sarah N Pucci
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Julia Prinzi
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Casey A Williams
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Savannah Y Fang
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Marisa Roberto
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Eric P Zorrilla
- The Scripps Research Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Brain circuits for promoting homeostatic and non-homeostatic appetites. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:349-357. [PMID: 35474340 PMCID: PMC9076862 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As the principal means of acquiring nutrients, feeding behavior is indispensable to the survival and well-being of animals. In response to energy or nutrient deficits, animals seek and consume food to maintain energy homeostasis. On the other hand, even when animals are calorically replete, non-homeostatic factors, such as the sight, smell, and taste of palatable food, or environmental cues that predict food, can stimulate feeding behavior. These homeostatic and non-homeostatic factors have traditionally been investigated separately, but a growing body of literature highlights that these factors work synergistically to promote feeding behavior. Furthermore, recent breakthroughs in cell type-specific and circuit-specific labeling, recording, and manipulation techniques have markedly accelerated the discovery of well-defined neural populations underlying homeostatic and non-homeostatic appetite control, as well as overlapping circuits that contribute to both types of appetite. This review aims to provide an update on our understanding of the neural circuit mechanisms for promoting homeostatic and non-homeostatic appetites, focusing on the function of recently identified, genetically defined cell types. Research on the neural circuit mechanisms underlying feeding behaviors is critical to identifying therapeutic targets for food-related disorders like obesity and anorexia. Sung-Yon Kim and colleagues at Seoul National University, South Korea, reviewed the current understanding of neural circuits promoting feeding behavior, which is regulated by homeostatic and non-homeostatic appetites. In response to deficits in energy (caloric) or nutrients, specific populations of neurons sensitive to hormones leptin and ghrelin generate homeostatic appetite and promote feeding. In addition, diverse neural populations stimulate non-homeostatic appetite in the absence of immediate internal needs and are thought to drive overconsumption in the modern obesogenic environment. These appetites extensively interact through overlapping neural circuits to jointly promote feeding behaviors.
Collapse
|