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Viúdez-Pareja C, Kreft E, García-Caballero M. Immunomodulatory properties of the lymphatic endothelium in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235812. [PMID: 37744339 PMCID: PMC10512957 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is an intricate complex and dynamic structure composed of various cell types, including tumor, stromal and immune cells. Within this complex network, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) play a crucial role in regulating immune responses and influencing tumor progression and metastatic dissemination to lymph node and distant organs. Interestingly, LECs possess unique immunomodulatory properties that can either promote or inhibit anti-tumor immune responses. In fact, tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis can facilitate tumor cell dissemination and metastasis supporting immunoevasion, but also, different molecular mechanisms involved in LEC-mediated anti-tumor immunity have been already described. In this context, the crosstalk between cancer cells, LECs and immune cells and how this communication can shape the immune landscape in the TME is gaining increased interest in recent years. In this review, we present a comprehensive and updated report about the immunomodulatory properties of the lymphatic endothelium within the TME, with special focus on primary tumors and tumor-draining lymph nodes. Furthermore, we outline emerging research investigating the potential therapeutic strategies targeting the lymphatic endothelium to enhance anti-tumor immune responses. Understanding the intricate mechanisms involved in LEC-mediated immune modulation in the TME opens up new possibilities for the development of innovative approaches to fight cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Viúdez-Pareja
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Andalucía Tech, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ewa Kreft
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Andalucía Tech, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
| | - Melissa García-Caballero
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Andalucía Tech, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- IBIMA (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga)-Plataforma BIONAND, Málaga, Spain
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2
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Patnam M, Dommaraju SR, Masood F, Herbst P, Chang JH, Hu WY, Rosenblatt MI, Azar DT. Lymphangiogenesis Guidance Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications in Pathological States of the Cornea. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020319. [PMID: 36672254 PMCID: PMC9856498 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal lymphangiogenesis is one component of the neovascularization observed in several inflammatory pathologies of the cornea including dry eye disease and corneal graft rejection. Following injury, corneal (lymph)angiogenic privilege is impaired, allowing ingrowth of blood and lymphatic vessels into the previously avascular cornea. While the mechanisms underlying pathological corneal hemangiogenesis have been well described, knowledge of the lymphangiogenesis guidance mechanisms in the cornea is relatively scarce. Various signaling pathways are involved in lymphangiogenesis guidance in general, each influencing one or multiple stages of lymphatic vessel development. Most endogenous factors that guide corneal lymphatic vessel growth or regression act via the vascular endothelial growth factor C signaling pathway, a central regulator of lymphangiogenesis. Several exogenous factors have recently been repurposed and shown to regulate corneal lymphangiogenesis, uncovering unique signaling pathways not previously known to influence lymphatic vessel guidance. A strong understanding of the relevant lymphangiogenesis guidance mechanisms can facilitate the development of targeted anti-lymphangiogenic therapeutics for corneal pathologies. In this review, we examine the current knowledge of lymphatic guidance cues, their regulation of inflammatory states in the cornea, and recently discovered anti-lymphangiogenic therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehul Patnam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Sunil R. Dommaraju
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Faisal Masood
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Paula Herbst
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jin-Hong Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(312)-413-5590; Fax: +1-(312)-996-7770
| | - Wen-Yang Hu
- Department of Urology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Mark I. Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dimitri T. Azar
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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3
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Yu T, Schuette F, Christofi M, Forrester JV, Graham GJ, Kuffova L. The atypical chemokine receptor-2 fine-tunes the immune response in herpes stromal keratitis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1054260. [PMID: 36518752 PMCID: PMC9742518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1054260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) is a blinding corneal disease caused by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), a common pathogen infecting most of the world's population. Inflammation in HSK is chemokine-dependent, particularly CXCL10 and less so the CC chemokines. The atypical chemokine receptor-2 (ACKR2) is a decoy receptor predominantly for pro-inflammatory CC chemokines, which regulates the inflammatory response by scavenging inflammatory chemokines thereby modulating leukocyte infiltration. Deletion of ACKR2 exacerbates and delays the resolution of the inflammatory response in most models. ACKR2 also regulates lymphangiogenesis and mammary duct development through the recruitment of tissue-remodeling macrophages. Here, we demonstrate a dose-dependent upregulation of ACKR2 during corneal HSV-1 infection. At an HSV inoculum dose of 5.4 x 105 pfu, but not at higher dose, ACKR2 deficient mice showed prolonged clinical signs of HSK, increased infiltration of leukocytes and persistent corneal neovascularization. Viral clearance and T cell activation were similar in ACKR2-/- and wild type mice, despite a transient diminished expression of CD40 and CD86 in dendritic cells. The data suggest that ACKR2 fine-tunes the inflammatory response and the level of neovascularization in the HSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu
- Division of Applied Medicine, Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (Ocular Immunology), Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Fabian Schuette
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Christofi
- Division of Applied Medicine, Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (Ocular Immunology), Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - John V. Forrester
- Division of Applied Medicine, Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (Ocular Immunology), Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Ocular Immunology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Gerard J. Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Kuffova
- Division of Applied Medicine, Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (Ocular Immunology), Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- Eye Clinic, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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4
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Wilting J, Becker J. The lymphatic vascular system: much more than just a sewer. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:157. [PMID: 36109802 PMCID: PMC9476376 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 400 years after the (re)discovery of the lymphatic vascular system (LVS) by Gaspare Aselli (Asellius G. De lactibus, sive lacteis venis, quarto vasorum mesaraicorum genere, novo invento Gasparis Asellii Cremo. Dissertatio. (MDCXXIIX), Milan; 1628.), structure, function, development and evolution of this so-called 'second' vascular system are still enigmatic. Interest in the LVS was low because it was (and is) hardly visible, and its diseases are not as life-threatening as those of the blood vascular system. It is not uncommon for patients with lymphedema to be told that yes, they can live with it. Usually, the functions of the LVS are discussed in terms of fluid homeostasis, uptake of chylomicrons from the gut, and immune cell circulation. However, the broad molecular equipment of lymphatic endothelial cells suggests that they possess many more functions, which are also reflected in the pathophysiology of the system. With some specific exceptions, lymphatics develop in all organs. Although basic structure and function are the same regardless their position in the body wall or the internal organs, there are important site-specific characteristics. We discuss common structure and function of lymphatics; and point to important functions for hyaluronan turn-over, salt balance, coagulation, extracellular matrix production, adipose tissue development and potential appetite regulation, and the influence of hypoxia on the regulation of these functions. Differences with respect to the embryonic origin and molecular equipment between somatic and splanchnic lymphatics are discussed with a side-view on the phylogeny of the LVS. The functions of the lymphatic vasculature are much broader than generally thought, and lymphatic research will have many interesting and surprising aspects to offer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Wilting
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Becker
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical School Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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5
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Liu D, Chen Y, Ren Y, Yuan P, Wang N, Liu Q, Yang C, Yan Z, Yang M, Wang J, Lian Y, Yan J, Zhai F, Nie Y, Zhu X, Chen Y, Li R, Chang HM, Leung PCK, Qiao J, Yan L. Primary specification of blastocyst trophectoderm by scRNA-seq: New insights into embryo implantation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabj3725. [PMID: 35947672 PMCID: PMC9365277 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms of implantation such as determination of the attachment pole, fetal-maternal communication, and underlying causes of implantation failure are largely unexplored. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on peri-implantation embryos from both humans and mice to explore trophectoderm (TE) development and embryo-endometrium cross-talk. We found that the transcriptomes of polar and mural TE diverged after embryos hatched from the zona pellucida in both species, with polar TE being more mature than mural TE. The implantation poles show similarities in cell cycle activities, as well as in expression of genes critical for implantation and placentation. Embryos that either fail to attach in vitro or fail to implant in vivo show abnormalities in pathways related to energy production, protein metabolism, and 18S ribosomal RNA m6A methylation. These findings uncover the gene expression characteristics of humans and mice TE differentiation during the peri-implantation period and provide new insights into embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yidong Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yixin Ren
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng Yuan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Cen Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Lian
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Fan Zhai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yanli Nie
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peter C. K. Leung
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Liying Yan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing 100191, China
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Bonetti G, Paolacci S, Samaja M, Maltese PE, Michelini S, Michelini S, Michelini S, Ricci M, Cestari M, Dautaj A, Medori MC, Bertelli M. Low Efficacy of Genetic Tests for the Diagnosis of Primary Lymphedema Prompts Novel Insights into the Underlying Molecular Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137414. [PMID: 35806420 PMCID: PMC9267137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphedema is a chronic inflammatory disorder caused by ineffective fluid uptake by the lymphatic system, with effects mainly on the lower limbs. Lymphedema is either primary, when caused by genetic mutations, or secondary, when it follows injury, infection, or surgery. In this study, we aim to assess to what extent the current genetic tests detect genetic variants of lymphedema, and to identify the major molecular pathways that underlie this rather unknown disease. We recruited 147 individuals with a clinical diagnosis of primary lymphedema and used established genetic tests on their blood or saliva specimens. Only 11 of these were positive, while other probands were either negative (63) or inconclusive (73). The low efficacy of such tests calls for greater insight into the underlying mechanisms to increase accuracy. For this purpose, we built a molecular pathways diagram based on a literature analysis (OMIM, Kegg, PubMed, Scopus) of candidate and diagnostic genes. The PI3K/AKT and the RAS/MAPK pathways emerged as primary candidates responsible for lymphedema diagnosis, while the Rho/ROCK pathway appeared less critical. The results of this study suggest the most important pathways involved in the pathogenesis of lymphedema, and outline the most promising diagnostic and candidate genes to diagnose this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bonetti
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0365-62-061
| | - Stefano Paolacci
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
| | | | | | - Sandro Michelini
- Vascular Diagnostics and Rehabilitation Service, Marino Hospital, ASL Roma 6, 00047 Marino, Italy;
| | - Serena Michelini
- Unit of Physical Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | | | - Maurizio Ricci
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Marina Cestari
- Study Centre Pianeta Linfedema, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Lymphology Sector of the Rehabilitation Service, USLUmbria2, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Astrit Dautaj
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Chiara Medori
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI’s LAB, 38068 Rovereto, Italy; (S.P.); (P.E.M.); (A.D.); (M.C.M.); (M.B.)
- MAGI Group, 25010 San Felice del Benaco, Italy;
- MAGI Euregio, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
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7
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Gowhari Shabgah A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Mohammadi H, Ebrahimzadeh F, Oveisee M, Jahanara A, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J. The Role of Atypical Chemokine Receptor D6 (ACKR2) in Physiological and Pathological Conditions; Friend, Foe, or Both? Front Immunol 2022; 13:861931. [PMID: 35677043 PMCID: PMC9168005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.861931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines exert crucial roles in inducing immune responses through ligation to their canonical receptors. Besides these receptors, there are other atypical chemokine receptors (ACKR1–4) that can bind to a wide range of chemokines and carry out various functions in the body. ACKR2, due to its ability to bind various CC chemokines, has attracted much attention during the past few years. ACKR2 has been shown to be expressed in different cells, including trophoblasts, myeloid cells, and especially lymphoid endothelial cells. In terms of molecular functions, ACKR2 scavenges various inflammatory chemokines and affects inflammatory microenvironments. In the period of pregnancy and fetal development, ACKR2 plays a pivotal role in maintaining the fetus from inflammatory reactions and inhibiting subsequent abortion. In adults, ACKR2 is thought to be a resolving agent in the body because it scavenges chemokines. This leads to the alleviation of inflammation in different situations, including cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, neurological disorders, and infections. In cancer, ACKR2 exerts conflicting roles, either tumor-promoting or tumor-suppressing. On the one hand, ACKR2 inhibits the recruitment of tumor-promoting cells and suppresses tumor-promoting inflammation to blockade inflammatory responses that are favorable for tumor growth. In contrast, scavenging chemokines in the tumor microenvironment might lead to disruption in NK cell recruitment to the tumor microenvironment. Other than its involvement in diseases, analyzing the expression of ACKR2 in body fluids and tissues can be used as a biomarker for diseases. In conclusion, this review study has tried to shed more light on the various effects of ACKR2 on different inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohammadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maziar Oveisee
- Clinical Research Center, Pastor Educational Hospital, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Abbas Jahanara
- Clinical Research Center, Pastor Educational Hospital, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
- *Correspondence: Jamshid Gholizadeh Navashenaq, ;
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8
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Muley A, Kim Uh M, Salazar-De Simone G, Swaminathan B, James JM, Murtomaki A, Youn SW, McCarron JD, Kitajewski C, Gnarra Buethe M, Riitano G, Mukouyama YS, Kitajewski J, Shawber CJ. Unique functions for Notch4 in murine embryonic lymphangiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:205-224. [PMID: 34665379 PMCID: PMC9054879 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09822-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In mice, embryonic dermal lymphatic development is well understood and used to study gene functions in lymphangiogenesis. Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that modulates cell fate decisions, which has been shown to both inhibit and promote dermal lymphangiogenesis. Here, we demonstrate distinct roles for Notch4 signaling versus canonical Notch signaling in embryonic dermal lymphangiogenesis. Actively growing embryonic dermal lymphatics expressed NOTCH1, NOTCH4, and DLL4 which correlated with Notch activity. In lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), DLL4 activation of Notch induced a subset of Notch effectors and lymphatic genes, which were distinctly regulated by Notch1 and Notch4 activation. Treatment of LECs with VEGF-A or VEGF-C upregulated Dll4 transcripts and differentially and temporally regulated the expression of Notch1 and Hes/Hey genes. Mice nullizygous for Notch4 had an increase in the closure of the lymphangiogenic fronts which correlated with reduced vessel caliber in the maturing lymphatic plexus at E14.5 and reduced branching at E16.5. Activation of Notch4 suppressed LEC migration in a wounding assay significantly more than Notch1, suggesting a dominant role for Notch4 in regulating LEC migration. Unlike Notch4 nulls, inhibition of canonical Notch signaling by expressing a dominant negative form of MAML1 (DNMAML) in Prox1+ LECs led to increased lymphatic density consistent with an increase in LEC proliferation, described for the loss of LEC Notch1. Moreover, loss of Notch4 did not affect LEC canonical Notch signaling. Thus, we propose that Notch4 signaling and canonical Notch signaling have distinct functions in the coordination of embryonic dermal lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Muley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Minji Kim Uh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Bhairavi Swaminathan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jennifer M James
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Aino Murtomaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu, 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland.,Translational Cancer Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Seock Won Youn
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Joseph D McCarron
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Chris Kitajewski
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Maria Gnarra Buethe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Gloria Riitano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Departments of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Yoh-Suke Mukouyama
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jan Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Carrie J Shawber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
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The link between serum ACKR2 level and Crohn's Disease and its activity. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.1003024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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A novel insight into differential expression profiles of sporadic cerebral cavernous malformation patients with different symptoms. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19351. [PMID: 34588521 PMCID: PMC8481309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a vascular lesion of the central nervous system that may lead to distinct symptoms among patients including cerebral hemorrhages, epileptic seizures, focal neurologic deficits, and/or headaches. Disease-related mutations were identified previously in one of the three CCM genes: CCM1, CCM2, and CCM3. However, the rate of these mutations in sporadic cases is relatively low, and new studies report that mutations in CCM genes may not be sufficient to initiate the lesions. Despite the growing body of research on CCM, the underlying molecular mechanism has remained largely elusive. In order to provide a novel insight considering the specific manifested symptoms, CCM patients were classified into two groups (as Epilepsy and Hemorrhage). Since the studied patients experience various symptoms, we hypothesized that the underlying cause for the disease may also differ between those groups. To this end, the respective transcriptomes were compared to the transcriptomes of the control brain tissues and among each other. This resulted into the identification of the differentially expressed coding genes and the delineation of the corresponding differential expression profile for each comparison. Notably, some of those differentially expressed genes were previously implicated in epilepsy, cell structure formation, and cell metabolism. However, no CCM1-3 gene deregulation was detected. Interestingly, we observed that when compared to the normal controls, the expression of some identified genes was only significantly altered either in Epilepsy (EGLN1, ELAVL4, and NFE2l2) or Hemorrhage (USP22, EYA1, SIX1, OAS3, SRMS) groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such effort focusing on CCM patients with epileptic and hemorrhagic symptoms with the purpose of uncovering the potential CCM-related genes. It is also the first report that presents a gene expression dataset on Turkish CCM patients. The results suggest that the new candidate genes should be explored to further elucidate the CCM pathology. Overall, this work constitutes a step towards the identification of novel potential genetic targets for the development of possible future therapies.
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Bizou M, Itier R, Majdoubi M, Abbadi D, Pichery E, Dutaur M, Marsal D, Calise D, Garmy-Susini B, Douin-Echinard V, Roncalli J, Parini A, Pizzinat N. Cardiac macrophage subsets differentially regulate lymphatic network remodeling during pressure overload. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16801. [PMID: 34413352 PMCID: PMC8376913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95723-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic network of mammalian heart is an important regulator of interstitial fluid compartment and immune cell trafficking. We observed a remodeling of the cardiac lymphatic vessels and a reduced lymphatic efficiency during heart hypertrophy and failure induced by transverse aortic constriction. The lymphatic endothelial cell number of the failing hearts was positively correlated with cardiac function and with a subset of cardiac macrophages. This macrophage population distinguished by LYVE-1 (Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronic acid receptor-1) and by resident macrophage gene expression signature, appeared not replenished by CCR2 mediated monocyte infiltration during pressure overload. Isolation of macrophage subpopulations showed that the LYVE-1 positive subset sustained in vitro and in vivo lymphangiogenesis through the expression of pro-lymphangiogenic factors. In contrast, the LYVE-1 negative macrophage subset strongly expressed MMP12 and decreased the endothelial LYVE-1 receptors in lymphatic endothelial cells, a feature of cardiac lymphatic remodeling in failing hearts. The treatment of mice with a CCR2 antagonist during pressure overload modified the proportion of macrophage subsets within the pathological heart and preserved lymphatic network from remodeling. This study reports unknown and differential functions of macrophage subpopulations in the regulation of cardiac lymphatic during pathological hypertrophy and may constitute a key mechanism underlying the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bizou
- I2MC, Toulouse University, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR-1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Bât L3, CHU Rangueil 1, Av. J. Poulhès, 31403, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Romain Itier
- I2MC, Toulouse University, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Department of Cardiology, INSERM U1048-I2MC, CARDIOMET, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR-1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Bât L3, CHU Rangueil 1, Av. J. Poulhès, 31403, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Mina Majdoubi
- I2MC, Toulouse University, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR-1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Bât L3, CHU Rangueil 1, Av. J. Poulhès, 31403, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Dounia Abbadi
- I2MC, Toulouse University, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR-1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Bât L3, CHU Rangueil 1, Av. J. Poulhès, 31403, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Estelle Pichery
- I2MC, Toulouse University, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR-1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Bât L3, CHU Rangueil 1, Av. J. Poulhès, 31403, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Marianne Dutaur
- I2MC, Toulouse University, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR-1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Bât L3, CHU Rangueil 1, Av. J. Poulhès, 31403, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Dimitri Marsal
- I2MC, Toulouse University, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR-1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Bât L3, CHU Rangueil 1, Av. J. Poulhès, 31403, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | | | - Barbara Garmy-Susini
- I2MC, Toulouse University, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR-1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Bât L3, CHU Rangueil 1, Av. J. Poulhès, 31403, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Victorine Douin-Echinard
- I2MC, Toulouse University, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR-1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Bât L3, CHU Rangueil 1, Av. J. Poulhès, 31403, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Jérome Roncalli
- I2MC, Toulouse University, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Department of Cardiology, INSERM U1048-I2MC, CARDIOMET, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR-1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Bât L3, CHU Rangueil 1, Av. J. Poulhès, 31403, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Angelo Parini
- I2MC, Toulouse University, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- INSERM UMR-1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Bât L3, CHU Rangueil 1, Av. J. Poulhès, 31403, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Nathalie Pizzinat
- I2MC, Toulouse University, Inserm, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
- INSERM UMR-1048, Institut de Médecine Moléculaire de Rangueil, Bât L3, CHU Rangueil 1, Av. J. Poulhès, 31403, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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12
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Hao Q, Li J, Zhang Q, Xu F, Xie B, Lu H, Wu X, Zhou X. Single-cell transcriptomes reveal heterogeneity of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e500. [PMID: 34459128 PMCID: PMC8335963 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is the most common and aggressive histotype of epithelial ovarian cancer. The heterogeneity and molecular basis of this disease remain incompletely understood. METHODS To address this question, we have performed a single-cell transcriptomics analysis of matched primary and metastatic HGSOC samples. RESULTS A total of 13 571 cells are categorized into six distinct cell types, including epithelial cells, fibroblast cells, T cells, B cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells. A subset of aggressive epithelial cells with hyperproliferative and drug-resistant potentials is identified. Several new markers that are highly expressed in epithelial cells are characterized, and their roles in ovarian cancer cell growth and migration are further confirmed. Dysregulation of multiple signaling pathways, including the translational machinery, is associated with ovarian cancer metastasis through the trajectory analysis. Moreover, single-cell regulatory network inference and clustering (SCENIC) analysis reveals the gene regulatory networks and suggests the JUN signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for treatment of ovarian cancer, which is validated using the JUN/AP-1 inhibitor T-5224. Finally, our study depicts the epithelial-fibroblast cell communication atlas and identifies several important receptor-ligand complexes in ovarian cancer development. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers new molecular features and the potential therapeutic target of HGSOC, which would advance the understanding and treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bangxiang Xie
- Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of HepatologyBeijingChina
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer CenterTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisiana
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co‐laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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13
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Nucera F, Lo Bello F, Shen SS, Ruggeri P, Coppolino I, Di Stefano A, Stellato C, Casolaro V, Hansbro PM, Adcock IM, Caramori G. Role of Atypical Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors Pathways in the Pathogenesis of COPD. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:2577-2653. [PMID: 32819230 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999200819145327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a heightened inflammatory response in the lung generally resulting from tobacco smoking-induced recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells and/or activation of lower airway structural cells. Several mediators can modulate activation and recruitment of these cells, particularly those belonging to the chemokines (conventional and atypical) family. There is emerging evidence for complex roles of atypical chemokines and their receptors (such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), antimicrobial peptides, receptor for advanced glycosylation end products (RAGE) or toll-like receptors (TLRs)) in the pathogenesis of COPD, both in the stable disease and during exacerbations. Modulators of these pathways represent potential novel therapies for COPD and many are now in preclinical development. Inhibition of only a single atypical chemokine or receptor may not block inflammatory processes because there is redundancy in this network. However, there are many animal studies that encourage studies for modulating the atypical chemokine network in COPD. Thus, few pharmaceutical companies maintain a significant interest in developing agents that target these molecules as potential antiinflammatory drugs. Antibody-based (biological) and small molecule drug (SMD)-based therapies targeting atypical chemokines and/or their receptors are mostly at the preclinical stage and their progression to clinical trials is eagerly awaited. These agents will most likely enhance our knowledge about the role of atypical chemokines in COPD pathophysiology and thereby improve COPD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nucera
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Lo Bello
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Sj S Shen
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Irene Coppolino
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Di Stefano
- Division of Pneumology, Cyto- Immunopathology Laboratory of the Cardio-Respiratory System, Clinical Scientific Institutes Maugeri IRCCS, Veruno, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Casolaro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, Salerno Medical School, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Phil M Hansbro
- Faculty of Science, Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, University of Technology, Ultimo, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ian M Adcock
- Airway Disease Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Pugliatti Square 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
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CXCL10 Is an Agonist of the CC Family Chemokine Scavenger Receptor ACKR2/D6. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051054. [PMID: 33801414 PMCID: PMC7958614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 plays an important role in the tumour microenvironment. It has long been considered as a scavenger of inflammatory chemokines exclusively from the CC family. In this study, we identified the CXC chemokine CXCL10 as a new strong agonist ligand for ACKR2. CXCL10 is known to drive the infiltration of immune cells into the tumour bed and was previously reported to bind to CXCR3 only. We demonstrated that ACKR2 acts as a scavenger reducing the availability of CXCL10 for CXCR3. Our study sheds new light on the complexity of the chemokine network and the potential role of CXCL10 regulation by ACKR2 in tumour immunology. Abstract Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are important regulators of chemokine functions. Among them, the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 (also known as D6) has long been considered as a scavenger of inflammatory chemokines exclusively from the CC family. In this study, by using highly sensitive β-arrestin recruitment assays based on NanoBiT and NanoBRET technologies, we identified the inflammatory CXC chemokine CXCL10 as a new strong agonist ligand for ACKR2. CXCL10 is known to play an important role in the infiltration of immune cells into the tumour bed and was previously reported to bind to CXCR3 only. We demonstrated that ACKR2 is able to internalize and reduce the availability of CXCL10 in the extracellular space. Moreover, we found that, in contrast to CC chemokines, CXCL10 activity towards ACKR2 was drastically reduced by the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4 or CD26) N-terminal processing, pointing to a different receptor binding pocket occupancy by CC and CXC chemokines. Overall, our study sheds new light on the complexity of the chemokine network and the potential role of CXCL10 regulation by ACKR2 in many physiological and pathological processes, including tumour immunology. Our data also testify that systematic reassessment of chemokine-receptor pairing is critically needed as important interactions may remain unexplored.
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15
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Moadab F, Khorramdelazad H, Abbasifard M. Role of CCL2/CCR2 axis in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: Latest evidence and therapeutic approaches. Life Sci 2021; 269:119034. [PMID: 33453247 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that uncontrolled immune system responses and their components play a significant role in developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which is considered an autoimmune disease (AD). Among immune system mediators, cytokines and chemokines are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. CCL2 or monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is known as a CC chemokine that can induce the locomotion and recruitment of monocytes and macrophages to the site of injury. When CCL2 binds to its receptors, the most important of which is CCR2, various signaling pathways are triggered, eventually leading to various immunological events such as inflammation. This chemokine also participates in several events involved in RA pathogenesis, such as osteoclastogenesis, migration of effector T cells to the RA synovium tissue, and angiogenesis. In this review article, the role of the CCL2/CCR2 axis in RA pathogenesis and the immunotherapy opportunities based on CCL2/CCR2 axis targeting has been discussed based on existing investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moadab
- Student Research Committee, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Khorramdelazad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Research, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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16
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CXCR7, CXCR4, and Their Ligand Expression Profile in Traumatic Brain Injury. World Neurosurg 2020; 147:e16-e24. [PMID: 33189916 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a health problem worldwide, and therapeutic strategies to enhance brain tissue repair to lessen neurologic sequels are imperative. We aimed to analyze the impact of the inflammatory process in TBI through CXCR4 and CXCR7 chemokine receptors and their ligands' CXCL11 and CXCL12 expression profile in search for potential new druggable targets. METHODS Twelve pericontusional tissues from severe TBI patients submitted to surgical treatment, and 20 control brain tissues from normal autopsy were analyzed for expression profile by real-time quantitative-polymerase chain reaction. CXCR7 and CXCR4 protein expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The findings were correlated with the clinical evolution. RESULTS Increased gene expression of both receptors and their ligands was observed in TBI compared with controls, presenting high sensitivity and specificity to differentiate TBI from normal control (area under the curve ranging from 0.85 to 0.98, P < 0.001). In particular, CXCR7 expression highly correlated with CXCR4 and both ligands' expressions in TBI. Higher immunoreactions for CXCR7 and CXCR4 were identified in neurons and endothelial cells of TBI samples compared with controls. The patients presenting upregulated chemokine expression levels showed a trend toward favorable clinical evolution at up to 6 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The neuroprotective trend of CXCR4, CXCR7, CXCL11, and CXCL12 in TBI observed in this initial analysis warrants further studies with more patients, analyzing the involved signaling pathways for the development of new therapeutic strategies for TBI.
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17
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CC Chemokines in a Tumor: A Review of Pro-Cancer and Anti-Cancer Properties of the Ligands of Receptors CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, and CCR4. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218412. [PMID: 33182504 PMCID: PMC7665155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CC chemokines, a subfamily of 27 chemotactic cytokines, are a component of intercellular communication, which is crucial for the functioning of the tumor microenvironment. Although many individual chemokines have been well researched, there has been no comprehensive review presenting the role of all known human CC chemokines in the hallmarks of cancer, and this paper aims at filling this gap. The first part of this review discusses the importance of CCL1, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL18, CCL19, CCL20, CCL21, CCL25, CCL27, and CCL28 in cancer. Here, we discuss the significance of CCL2 (MCP-1), CCL7, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL17, CCL22, CCL23, CCL24, and CCL26. The presentation of each chemokine includes its physiological function and then the role in tumor, including proliferation, drug resistance, migration, invasion, and organ-specific metastasis of tumor cells, as well as the effects on angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. We also discuss the effects of each CC chemokine on the recruitment of cancer-associated cells to the tumor niche (eosinophils, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), tumor-associated neutrophils (TAN), regulatory T cells (Treg)). On the other hand, we also present the anti-cancer properties of CC chemokines, consisting in the recruitment of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL).
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18
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Wilson GJ, Fukuoka A, Love SR, Kim J, Pingen M, Hayes AJ, Graham GJ. Chemokine receptors coordinately regulate macrophage dynamics and mammary gland development. Development 2020; 147:dev.187815. [PMID: 32467242 PMCID: PMC7328164 DOI: 10.1242/dev.187815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are key regulators of developmental processes, including those involved in mammary gland development. We have previously demonstrated that the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 contributes to the control of ductal epithelial branching in the developing mammary gland by regulating macrophage dynamics. ACKR2 is a chemokine-scavenging receptor that mediates its effects through collaboration with inflammatory chemokine receptors (iCCRs). Here, we reveal reciprocal regulation of branching morphogenesis in the mammary gland, whereby stromal ACKR2 modulates levels of the shared ligand CCL7 to control the movement of a key population of CCR1-expressing macrophages to the ductal epithelium. In addition, oestrogen, which is essential for ductal elongation during puberty, upregulates CCR1 expression on macrophages. The age at which girls develop breasts is decreasing, which raises the risk of diseases including breast cancer. This study presents a previously unknown mechanism controlling the rate of mammary gland development during puberty and highlights potential therapeutic targets. Summary: The timing of pubertal mammary gland development is determined by availability of the chemokine CCL7, balanced by the scavenging receptor ACKR2 and the macrophage receptor CCR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian J Wilson
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Ayumi Fukuoka
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Samantha R Love
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Medical Sciences Building, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Marieke Pingen
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Alan J Hayes
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
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Dyer DP. Understanding the mechanisms that facilitate specificity, not redundancy, of chemokine-mediated leukocyte recruitment. Immunology 2020; 160:336-344. [PMID: 32285441 PMCID: PMC7370109 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) and their receptors are critical to recruitment and positioning of cells during development and the immune response. The chemokine system has long been described as redundant for a number of reasons, where multiple chemokine ligands can bind to multiple receptors and vice versa. This apparent redundancy has been thought to be a major reason for the failure of drugs targeting chemokines during inflammatory disease. We are now beginning to understand that chemokine biology is in fact based around a high degree of specificity, where each chemokine and receptor plays a particular role in the immune response. This specificity hypothesis is supported by a number of recent studies designed to address this problem. This review will detail these studies and the mechanisms that produce this specificity of function with an emphasis on the emerging role of chemokine–glycosaminoglycan interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Dyer
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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20
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Hansell CAH, Love S, Pingen M, Wilson GJ, MacLeod M, Graham GJ. Analysis of lung stromal expression of the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 reveals unanticipated expression in murine blood endothelial cells. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:666-675. [PMID: 32114694 PMCID: PMC8638673 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of chemokine receptor, and atypical chemokine receptor, expression is frequently hampered by the lack of availability of high‐quality antibodies and the species specificity of those that are available. We have previously described methodology utilizing Alexa‐Fluor‐labeled chemokine ligands as versatile reagents to detect receptor expression. Previously this has been limited to hematopoietic cells and methodology for assessing expression of receptors on stromal cells has been lacking. Among chemokine receptors, the ones most frequently expressed on stromal cells belong to the atypical chemokine receptor subfamily. These receptors do not signal in the classic sense in response to ligand but scavenge their ligands and degrade them and thus sculpt in vivo chemokine gradients. Here, we demonstrate the ability to use either intratracheal or intravenous, Alexa‐Fluor‐labeled chemokine administration to detect stromal cell populations expressing the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2. Using this methodology, we demonstrate, for the first time, expression of ACKR2 on blood endothelial cells. This observation sets the lung aside from other tissues in which ACKR2 is exclusively expressed on lymphatic endothelial cells and suggest unique roles for ACKR2 in the pulmonary environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A H Hansell
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Samantha Love
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Marieke Pingen
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Gillian J Wilson
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Megan MacLeod
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
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21
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Salt-sensitive blood pressure rise in type 1 diabetes patients is accompanied by disturbed skin macrophage influx and lymphatic dilation-a proof-of-concept study. Transl Res 2020; 217:23-32. [PMID: 31883728 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes patients are more prone to have hypertension than healthy individuals, possibly mediated by increased blood pressure (BP) sensitivity to high salt intake. The classical concept proposes that the kidney is central in salt-mediated BP rises, by insufficient renal sodium excretion leading to extracellular fluid volume expansion. Recent animal-derived findings, however, propose a causal role for disturbance of macrophage-mediated lymphangiogenesis. Its relevance for humans, specifically type 1 diabetes patients, is unknown. The present study aimed to assess responses of type 1 diabetes patients to a dietary salt load with regard to BP, extracellular fluid volume (using precise iohexol measurements), and CD163+ macrophage and lymphatic capillary density in skin biopsies. Also, macrophage expression of HLA-DR (a proinflammatory marker) and CD206 (an anti-inflammatory marker) was assessed. Type 1 diabetes patients (n = 8) showed a salt-sensitive BP increase without extracellular fluid volume expansion. Whereas healthy controls (n = 12), who had no BP increase, showed increased skin CD163+ and HLA-DR+ macrophages and dilation of lymphatic skin vasculature after the dietary salt load, these changes were absent (and in case of HLA-DR more heterogenic) in type 1 diabetes patients. In conclusion, we show that salt sensitivity in type 1 diabetes patients cannot be explained by the classical concept of extracellular fluid volume expansion. Rather, we open up a potential role for macrophages and the lymphatic system. Future studies on hypertension and diabetes need to scrutinize these phenomena.
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22
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Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 and coronary artery disease: Tissue expression of functional and atypical receptors. Cytokine 2019; 126:154923. [PMID: 31739217 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, particularly chemokine (C-C- motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), control leukocyte migration into the wall of the artery and regulate the traffic of inflammatory cells. CCL2 is bound to functional receptors (CCR2), but also to atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs), which do not induce cell migration but can modify chemokine gradients. Whether atherosclerosis alters CCL2 function by influencing the expression of these receptors remains unknown. In a necropsy study, we used immunohistochemistry to explore where and to what extent CCL2 and related receptors are present in diseased arteries that caused the death of men with coronary artery disease compared with unaffected arteries. CCL2 was marginally detected in normal arteries but was more frequently found in the intima. The expression of CCL2 and related receptors was significantly increased in diseased arteries with relative differences among the artery layers. The highest relative increases were those of CCL2 and ACKR1. CCL2 expression was associated with a significant predictive value of atherosclerosis. Findings suggest the need for further insight into receptor specificity or activity and the interplay among chemokines. CCL2-associated conventional and atypical receptors are overexpressed in atherosclerotic arteries, and these may suggest new potential therapeutic targets to locally modify the overall anti-inflammatory response.
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23
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Quinn KE, Mackie DI, Caron KM. Emerging roles of atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) in normal development and physiology. Cytokine 2019; 109:17-23. [PMID: 29903572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The discovery that atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) can initiate alternative signaling pathways rather than classical G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling has changed the paradigm of chemokine receptors and their roles in modulating chemotactic responses. The ACKR family has grown over the years, with discovery of new functions and roles in a variety of pathophysiological conditions. However, the extent to which these receptors regulate normal physiology is still continuously expanding. In particular, atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) has proven to be an important receptor in mediating normal biological functions, including cardiac development and migration of cortical neurons. In this review, we illustrate the versatile and intriguing role of ACKR3 in physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Quinn
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, 111 MasonFarm Rd., 6312B MBRB CB# 7545, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA
| | - D I Mackie
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, 111 MasonFarm Rd., 6312B MBRB CB# 7545, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA
| | - K M Caron
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, 111 MasonFarm Rd., 6312B MBRB CB# 7545, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545, USA.
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24
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Lee KM, Wilson GJ, Pingen M, Fukuoka A, Hansell CAH, Bartolini R, Medina-Ruiz L, Graham GJ. Placental chemokine compartmentalisation: A novel mammalian molecular control mechanism. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000287. [PMID: 31141500 PMCID: PMC6557524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2) is a chemokine-scavenging receptor. ACKR2–/–embryos display a reduction in size of a novel, to our knowledge, embryonic skin macrophage population referred to as ‘intermediate’ cells. CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2)–/–embryos display an identical phenotype, indicating that these cells require CCR2 to enable them to populate embryonic skin. Further analysis revealed that ACKR2–/–embryos have higher circulating concentrations of the CCR2 ligand, CC ligand 2 (CCL2); thus, ACKR2 regulates intraembryonic CCL2 levels. We show that ACKR2 is strongly expressed by trophoblasts and that it blocks movement of inflammatory chemokines, such as CCL2, from the maternal decidua into the embryonic circulation. We propose that trophoblastic ACKR2 is responsible for ensuring chemokine compartmentalisation on the maternal decidua, without which chemokines enter the embryonic circulation, disrupting gradients essential for directed intraembryonic cell migration. Overall, therefore, we describe a novel, to our knowledge, molecular mechanism whereby maternal decidual chemokines can function in a compartmentalised fashion without interfering with intraembryonic leukocyte migration. These data suggest similar functions for other atypical chemokine receptors in the placenta and indicate that defects in such receptors may have unanticipated developmental consequences. A novel mechanism for molecular compartmentalisation in the placenta involves an atypical chemokine receptor that scavenges chemokines, blocking their drainage from the maternal face of the placenta into the embryo and thus protecting intraembryonic cellular migration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Ming Lee
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian J. Wilson
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Marieke Pingen
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ayumi Fukuoka
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. H. Hansell
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Bartolini
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Medina-Ruiz
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard J. Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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25
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Farnsworth RH, Karnezis T, Maciburko SJ, Mueller SN, Stacker SA. The Interplay Between Lymphatic Vessels and Chemokines. Front Immunol 2019; 10:518. [PMID: 31105685 PMCID: PMC6499173 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are a family of small protein cytokines that act as chemoattractants to migrating cells, in particular those of the immune system. They are categorized functionally as either homeostatic, constitutively produced by tissues for basal levels of cell migration, or inflammatory, where they are generated in association with a pathological inflammatory response. While the extravasation of leukocytes via blood vessels is a key step in cells entering the tissues, the lymphatic vessels also serve as a conduit for cells that are recruited and localized through chemoattractant gradients. Furthermore, the growth and remodeling of lymphatic vessels in pathologies is influenced by chemokines and their receptors expressed by lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in and around the pathological tissue. In this review we summarize the diverse role played by specific chemokines and their receptors in shaping the interaction of lymphatic vessels, immune cells, and other pathological cell types in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rae H Farnsworth
- Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tara Karnezis
- Lymphatic and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon J Maciburko
- Lymphatic and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, O'Brien Institute Department, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott N Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Tumor Angiogenesis and Microenvironment Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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26
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Abstract
With the incidence and impact of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its clinical manifestations still rising, therapeutic options that target the causal mechanisms of this disorder are highly desired. Since the CANTOS trial (Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study) has demonstrated that lowering inflammation can be beneficial, focusing on mechanisms underlying inflammation, for example, leukocyte recruitment, is feasible. Being key orchestrators of leukocyte trafficking, chemokines have not lost their attractiveness as therapeutic targets, despite the difficult road to drug approval thus far. Still, innovative therapeutic approaches are being developed, paving the road towards the first chemokine-based therapeutic against inflammation. In this overview, recent developments for chemokines and for the chemokine-like factor MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor) will be discussed.
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27
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Mollica Poeta V, Massara M, Capucetti A, Bonecchi R. Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors: New Targets for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:379. [PMID: 30894861 PMCID: PMC6414456 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a clinically validated treatment for many cancers to boost the immune system against tumor growth and dissemination. Several strategies are used to harness immune cells: monoclonal antibodies against tumor antigens, immune checkpoint inhibitors, vaccination, adoptive cell therapies (e.g., CAR-T cells) and cytokine administration. In the last decades, it is emerging that the chemokine system represents a potential target for immunotherapy. Chemokines, a large family of cytokines with chemotactic activity, and their cognate receptors are expressed by both cancer and stromal cells. Their altered expression in malignancies dictates leukocyte recruitment and activation, angiogenesis, cancer cell proliferation, and metastasis in all the stages of the disease. Here, we review first attempts to inhibit the chemokine system in cancer as a monotherapy or in combination with canonical or immuno-mediated therapies. We also provide recent findings about the role in cancer of atypical chemokine receptors that could become future targets for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Mollica Poeta
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Matteo Massara
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Arianna Capucetti
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bonecchi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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28
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Karnezis T, Farnsworth RH, Harris NC, Williams SP, Caesar C, Byrne DJ, Herle P, Macheda ML, Shayan R, Zhang YF, Yazar S, Takouridis SJ, Gerard C, Fox SB, Achen MG, Stacker SA. CCL27/CCL28-CCR10 Chemokine Signaling Mediates Migration of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells. Cancer Res 2019; 79:1558-1572. [PMID: 30709930 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis via the lymphatic vasculature is an important step in cancer progression. The formation of new lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis), or remodeling of existing lymphatics, is thought to facilitate the entry and transport of tumor cells into lymphatic vessels and on to distant organs. The migration of lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) toward guidance cues is critical for lymphangiogenesis. While chemokines are known to provide directional navigation for migrating immune cells, their role in mediating LEC migration during tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis is not well defined. Here, we undertook gene profiling studies to identify chemokine-chemokine receptor pairs that are involved in tumor lymphangiogenesis associated with lymph node metastasis. CCL27 and CCL28 were expressed in tumor cells with metastatic potential, while their cognate receptor, CCR10, was expressed by LECs and upregulated by the lymphangiogenic growth factor VEGFD and the proinflammatory cytokine TNFα. Migration assays demonstrated that LECs are attracted to both CCL27 and CCL28 in a CCR10-dependent manner, while abnormal lymphatic vessel patterning in CCR10-deficient mice confirmed the significant role of CCR10 in lymphatic patterning. In vivo analyses showed that LECs are recruited to a CCL27 or CCL28 source, while VEGFD was required in combination with these chemokines to enable formation of coherent lymphatic vessels. Moreover, tumor xenograft experiments demonstrated that even though CCL27 expression by tumors enhanced LEC recruitment, the ability to metastasize was dependent on the expression of VEGFD. These studies demonstrate that CCL27 and CCL28 signaling through CCR10 may cooperate with inflammatory mediators and VEGFD during tumor lymphangiogenesis. SIGNIFICANCE: The study shows that the remodeling of lymphatic vessels in cancer is influenced by CCL27 and CCL28 chemokines, which may provide a future target to modulate metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Karnezis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Nicole C Harris
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven P Williams
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carol Caesar
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Byrne
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Prad Herle
- O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria L Macheda
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ramin Shayan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,O'Brien Institute Department, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - You-Fang Zhang
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sezer Yazar
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon J Takouridis
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig Gerard
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marc G Achen
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven A Stacker
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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29
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Dyer DP, Nebot JB, Kelly CJ, Medina-Ruiz L, Schuette F, Graham GJ. The chemokine receptor CXCR2 contributes to murine adipocyte development. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 105:497-506. [PMID: 30517976 PMCID: PMC6392114 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0618-216rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are members of a large family of chemotactic cytokines that signal through their receptors to mediate leukocyte recruitment during inflammation and homeostasis. The chemokine receptor CXCR2 has largely been associated with neutrophil recruitment. However, there is emerging evidence of roles for chemokines and their receptors in processes other than leukocyte migration. We have previously demonstrated that CXCR2 knockout (KO) mice have thinner skin compared to wild‐type mice. Herein we demonstrate that this is due to a thinner subcutaneous adipose layer, as a result of fewer and smaller individual adipocytes. We observe a similar phenotype in other fat depots and present data that suggests this may be due to reduced expression of adipogenesis related genes associated with adipocyte specific CXCR2 signaling. Interestingly, this phenotype is evident in female, but not male, CXCR2 KO mice. These findings expand our understanding of nonleukocyte related chemokine receptor functions and help to explain some previously observed adipose‐related phenotypes in CXCR2 KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas P Dyer
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Joan Boix Nebot
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Kelly
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Medina-Ruiz
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Schuette
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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30
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Yang XL, Wang X, Peng BW. NFAT5 Has a Job in the Brain. Dev Neurosci 2018; 40:289-300. [PMID: 30391952 DOI: 10.1159/000493789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (NFAT5) has recently been classified as a new member of the Rel family. In addition, there are 5 more well-defined members (NF-κB and NFAT1-4) in the Rel family, which participate in regulating the expression of immune and inflammatory response-related genes. NFAT5 was initially identified in renal medullary cells where it regulated the expression of osmoprotective-related genes during the osmotic response. Many studies have demonstrated that NFAT5 is highly expressed in the nuclei of neurons in fetal and adult brains. Additionally, its expression is approximately 10-fold higher in fetal brains. With the development of detection technologies (laser scanning confocal microscopy, transgene technology, etc.), recent studies suggest that NFAT5 is also expressed in glial cells and plays a more diverse functional role. This article aims to summarize the current knowledge regarding the expression of NFAT5, its regulation of activation, and varied biological functions in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Liang Yang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bi-Wen Peng
- Department of Physiology, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disorder, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China,
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31
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Yu T, Forrester JV, Graham GJ, Kuffova L. The atypical chemokine receptor-2 does not alter corneal graft survival but regulates early stage of corneal graft-induced lymphangiogenesis. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 256:1875-1882. [PMID: 30054731 PMCID: PMC6153595 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-018-4070-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To re-evaluate the role of the atypical chemokine receptor-2 (ACKR2) in corneal graft rejection and investigate the effect of ACKR2 on inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis using murine orthotopic corneal transplantation. Methods Corneal grafts were performed and evaluated in the settings of syngeneic, allogeneic and single antigen (HY-antigen) disparity pairings. Corneal vessels were quantified in whole mounts from WT, ACKR2−/− and F4/80−/−ACKR2−/− mice that received syngeneic or allogeneic grafts using anti-CD31 and anti-Lyve-1 antibodies. Results Syngeneic corneal grafts in WT and ACKR2−/− mice were 100% accepted. Fully histo-incompatible allogeneic grafts were rapidly rejected (100%) with similar tempo in both WT and ACKR2−/− hosts. Around 50% of single-antigen (HY) disparity grafts rejected at a slow but similar tempo (60 days) in WT and ACKR2−/− mice. Prior to grafting, F4/80−/−ACKR2−/− mice had lower baseline levels of limbal blood and lymphatic vessels compared to ACKR2−/− mice. Syngeneic grafts, but not allogeneic grafts, in ACKR2−/− and F4/80−/−ACKR2−/− mice induced higher levels of lymphatic sprouting and infiltration of Lyve-1+ cells during the early (3d) post-graft (pg) stage but lymphatic density was similar to WT grafted mice by 7d pg. Conclusions Our results indicate that the chemokine scavenger receptor, ACKR2, has no role to play in the survival of allogeneic grafts. A minor role in regulation of lymphangiogenesis in the early stage of wound healing in syngeneic grafts is suggested, but this effect is probably masked by the more pronounced lymphangiogenic inflammatory response in allogeneic grafts. No additional effect was observed with the deletion of the resident macrophage gene, F4/80.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yu
- Division of Applied Medicine, Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (Ocular Immunology), Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - J V Forrester
- Division of Applied Medicine, Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (Ocular Immunology), Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
- Ocular Immunology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TT, UK
| | - Lucia Kuffova
- Division of Applied Medicine, Section of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation (Ocular Immunology), Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
- NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK.
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Hughes CE, Nibbs RJB. A guide to chemokines and their receptors. FEBS J 2018; 285:2944-2971. [PMID: 29637711 PMCID: PMC6120486 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 678] [Impact Index Per Article: 113.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The chemokines (or chemotactic cytokines) are a large family of small, secreted proteins that signal through cell surface G protein-coupled heptahelical chemokine receptors. They are best known for their ability to stimulate the migration of cells, most notably white blood cells (leukocytes). Consequently, chemokines play a central role in the development and homeostasis of the immune system, and are involved in all protective or destructive immune and inflammatory responses. Classically viewed as inducers of directed chemotactic migration, it is now clear that chemokines can stimulate a variety of other types of directed and undirected migratory behavior, such as haptotaxis, chemokinesis, and haptokinesis, in addition to inducing cell arrest or adhesion. However, chemokine receptors on leukocytes can do more than just direct migration, and these molecules can also be expressed on, and regulate the biology of, many nonleukocytic cell types. Chemokines are profoundly affected by post-translational modification, by interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM), and by binding to heptahelical 'atypical' chemokine receptors that regulate chemokine localization and abundance. This guide gives a broad overview of the chemokine and chemokine receptor families; summarizes the complex physical interactions that occur in the chemokine network; and, using specific examples, discusses general principles of chemokine function, focusing particularly on their ability to direct leukocyte migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Hughes
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Inflammation & Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
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Moore JE, Brook BS, Nibbs RJB. Chemokine Transport Dynamics and Emerging Recognition of Their Role in Immune Function. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 5:90-95. [PMID: 30320240 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leukocyte migration is critically important during all protective and pathological immune and inflammatory responses. Chemokines play fundamental roles in this process, and chemokine concentration gradients stimulate the directional migration of leukocytes. The formation and regulation of these gradients is poorly understood. These are complex processes that depend on the specific properties of each chemokine and interactions between physical, biological and biochemical processes, including production, diffusion, advection, scavenging, post-translational modification, and extracellular matrix (ECM) binding. While some of these mechanisms have been investigated in isolation or limited combinations, more integrative research is required to provide a quantitative knowledge base that explains how chemokine gradients are established and maintained, and how cells respond to, and modify, these gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines Building, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bindi S Brook
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J B Nibbs
- Institute of Infection, Immunity & Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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Bodduluri SR, Mathis S, Maturu P, Krishnan E, Satpathy SR, Chilton PM, Mitchell TC, Lira S, Locati M, Mantovani A, Jala VR, Haribabu B. Mast Cell-Dependent CD8 + T-cell Recruitment Mediates Immune Surveillance of Intestinal Tumors in Apc Min/+ Mice. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:332-347. [PMID: 29382671 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of mast cells in some human colorectal cancers is a positive prognostic factor, but the basis for this association is incompletely understood. Here, we found that mice with a heterozygous mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (ApcMin/+) displayed reduced intestinal tumor burdens and increased survival in a chemokine decoy receptor, ACKR2-null background, which led to discovery of a critical role for mast cells in tumor defense. ACKR2-/-ApcMin/+ tumors showed increased infiltration of mast cells, their survival advantage was lost in mast cell-deficient ACKR2-/-SA-/-ApcMin/+ mice as the tumors grew rapidly, and adoptive transfer of mast cells restored control of tumor growth. Mast cells from ACKR2-/- mice showed elevated CCR2 and CCR5 expression and were also efficient in antigen presentation and activation of CD8+ T cells. Mast cell-derived leukotriene B4 (LTB4) was found to be required for CD8+ T lymphocyte recruitment, as mice lacking the LTB4 receptor (ACKR2-/-BLT1-/-ApcMin/+) were highly susceptible to intestinal tumor-induced mortality. Taken together, these data demonstrate that chemokine-mediated recruitment of mast cells is essential for initiating LTB4/BLT1-regulated CD8+ T-cell homing and generation of effective antitumor immunity against intestinal tumors. We speculate that the pathway reported here underlies the positive prognostic significance of mast cells in selected human tumors. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(3); 332-47. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobha R Bodduluri
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Steven Mathis
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Paramahamsa Maturu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Elangovan Krishnan
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Shuchismita R Satpathy
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Paula M Chilton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Thomas C Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky.,Institute for Cellular Therapeutics, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sergio Lira
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Massimo Locati
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Venkatakrishna R Jala
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Bodduluri Haribabu
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, Kentucky
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Shams K, Kurowska-Stolarska M, Schütte F, Burden AD, McKimmie CS, Graham GJ. MicroRNA-146 and cell trauma down-regulate expression of the psoriasis-associated atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:3003-3012. [PMID: 29279330 PMCID: PMC5827444 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.809780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are the principal regulators of leukocyte migration and are essential for initiation and maintenance of inflammation. Atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2) binds and scavenges proinflammatory CC-chemokines, regulates cutaneous T-cell positioning, and limits the spread of inflammation in vivo. Altered ACKR2 function has been implicated in several inflammatory disorders, including psoriasis, a common and debilitating T-cell–driven disorder characterized by thick erythematous skin plaques. ACKR2 expression is abnormal in psoriatic skin, with decreased expression correlating with recruitment of T-cells into the epidermis and increased inflammation. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern ACKR2 expression are not known. Here, we identified specific psoriasis-associated microRNAs (miRs) that bind ACKR2, inhibit its expression, and are active in primary cultures of human cutaneous cells. Using both in silico and in vitro approaches, we show that miR-146b and miR-10b directly bind the ACKR2 3′-UTR and reduce expression of ACKR2 transcripts and protein in keratinocytes and lymphatic endothelial cells, respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that ACKR2 expression is further down-regulated upon cell trauma, an important trigger for the development of new plaques in many psoriasis patients (the Koebner phenomenon). We found that tensile cell stress leads to rapid ACKR2 down-regulation and concurrent miR-146b up-regulation. Together, we provide, for the first time, evidence for epigenetic regulation of an atypical chemokine receptor. We propose a mechanism by which cell trauma and miRs coordinately exacerbate inflammation via down-regulation of ACKR2 expression and provide a putative mechanistic explanation for the Koebner phenomenon in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kave Shams
- Skin Research Group, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre; Department of Dermatology, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, United Kingdom; Chemokine Research Group
| | - Mariola Kurowska-Stolarska
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - A David Burden
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, 120 University Place, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Dermatology, Lauriston Building, Edinburgh EH3 9HA, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Clive S McKimmie
- Chemokine Research Group; Virus Host Interaction Team, Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, St. James' University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
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Abraham M, Wald H, Vaizel-Ohayon D, Grabovsky V, Oren Z, Karni A, Weiss L, Galun E, Peled A, Eizenberg O. Development of Novel Promiscuous Anti-Chemokine Peptibodies for Treating Autoimmunity and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1432. [PMID: 29218043 PMCID: PMC5703867 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors play critical roles in the progression of autoimmunity and inflammation. Typically, multiple chemokines are involved in the development of these pathologies. Indeed, targeting single chemokines or chemokine receptors has failed to achieve significant clinical benefits in treating autoimmunity and inflammation. Moreover, the binding of host atypical chemokine receptors to multiple chemokines as well as the binding of chemokine-binding proteins secreted by various pathogens can serve as a strategy for controlling inflammation. In this work, promiscuous chemokine-binding peptides that could bind and inhibit multiple inflammatory chemokines, such as CCL2, CCL5, and CXCL9/10/11, were selected from phage display libraries. These peptides were cloned into human mutated immunoglobulin Fc-protein fusions (peptibodies). The peptibodies BKT120Fc and BKT130Fc inhibited the ability of inflammatory chemokines to induce the adhesion and migration of immune cells. Furthermore, BKT120Fc and BKT130Fc also showed a significant inhibition of disease progression in a variety of animal models for autoimmunity and inflammation. Developing a novel class of antagonists that can control the courses of diseases by selectively blocking multiple chemokines could be a novel way of generating effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Wald
- Biokine Therapeutics Ltd, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | | | | | - Zohar Oren
- Biokine Therapeutics Ltd, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Arnon Karni
- Department of Neurology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lola Weiss
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eithan Galun
- Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Peled
- Biokine Therapeutics Ltd, Ness Ziona, Israel.,Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
The link between inappropriate salt retention in the kidney and hypertension is well recognized. However, growing evidence suggests that the immune system can play surprising roles in sodium homeostasis, such that the study of inflammatory cells and their secreted effectors has provided important insights into salt sensitivity. As part of the innate immune system, myeloid cells have diverse roles in blood pressure regulation, ranging from prohypertensive actions in the kidney, vasculature, and brain, to effects in the skin that attenuate blood pressure elevation. In parallel, T lymphocyte subsets, as key constituents of the adaptive immune compartment, have variable effects on renal sodium handling and the hypertensive response, accruing from the functions of the cytokines that they produce. Conversely, salt can directly modulate the phenotypes of myeloid and T cells, illustrating bidirectional regulatory mechanisms through which sodium and the immune system coordinately impact blood pressure. This review details the complex interplay between myeloid cells, T cells, and salt in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Justin Rucker
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; .,Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Nathan P Rudemiller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; .,Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA; .,Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
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38
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Vaahtomeri K, Karaman S, Mäkinen T, Alitalo K. Lymphangiogenesis guidance by paracrine and pericellular factors. Genes Dev 2017; 31:1615-1634. [PMID: 28947496 PMCID: PMC5647933 DOI: 10.1101/gad.303776.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review by Vaahtomeri et al. discusses the mechanisms by which the lymphatic vasculature network is formed, remodeled, and adapted to physiological and pathological challenges. It describes how the lymphatic vasculature network is controlled by an intricate balance of growth factors and biomechanical cues. Lymphatic vessels are important for tissue fluid homeostasis, lipid absorption, and immune cell trafficking and are involved in the pathogenesis of several human diseases. The mechanisms by which the lymphatic vasculature network is formed, remodeled, and adapted to physiological and pathological challenges are controlled by an intricate balance of growth factor and biomechanical cues. These transduce signals for the readjustment of gene expression and lymphatic endothelial migration, proliferation, and differentiation. In this review, we describe several of these cues and how they are integrated for the generation of functional lymphatic vessel networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Vaahtomeri
- Wihuri Research Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sinem Karaman
- Wihuri Research Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taija Mäkinen
- Department of Immunology, Genetics, and Pathology, Uppsala University, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kari Alitalo
- Wihuri Research Institute, Translational Cancer Biology Program, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Baldwin HM, Singh MD, Codullo V, King V, Wilson H, McInnes I, Graham GJ. Elevated ACKR2 expression is a common feature of inflammatory arthropathies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017; 56:1607-1617. [PMID: 28486662 PMCID: PMC5850605 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Chemokines are essential contributors to leucocyte accumulation at sites of inflammatory pathology. Interfering with chemokine or chemokine receptor function therefore represents a plausible therapeutic option. However, our currently limited understanding of chemokine orchestration of inflammatory responses means that such therapies have not yet been fully developed. We have a particular interest in the family of atypical chemokine receptors that fine-tune, or resolve, chemokine-driven responses. In particular we are interested in atypical chemokine receptor 2 (ACKR2), which is a scavenging receptor for inflammatory CC-chemokines and that therefore helps to resolve in vivo inflammatory responses. The objective of the current study was to examine ACKR2 expression in common arthropathies. Methods ACKR2 expression was measured by a combination of qPCR and immuno-histochemistry. In addition, circulating cytokine and chemokine levels in patient plasma were assessed using multiplexing approaches. Results Expression of ACKR2 was elevated on peripheral blood cells as well as on leucocytes and stromal cells in synovial tissue. Expression on peripheral blood leucocytes correlated with, and could be regulated by, circulating cytokines with particularly strong associations being seen with IL-6 and hepatocyte growth factor. In addition, expression within the synovium was coincident with aggregates of lymphocytes, potentially atopic follicles and sites of high inflammatory chemokine expression. Similarly increased levels of ACKR2 have been reported in psoriasis and SSc. Conclusion Our data clearly show increased ACKR2 in a variety of arthropathies and taking into account our, and others', previous data we now propose that elevated ACKR2 expression is a common feature of inflammatory pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen M. Baldwin
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark D. Singh
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Veronica Codullo
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Vicky King
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hilary Wilson
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iain McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gerard J. Graham
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow Biomedical Research Centre, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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40
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Duchene J, Novitzky-Basso I, Thiriot A, Casanova-Acebes M, Bianchini M, Etheridge SL, Hub E, Nitz K, Artinger K, Eller K, Caamaño J, Rülicke T, Moss P, Megens RTA, von Andrian UH, Hidalgo A, Weber C, Rot A. Atypical chemokine receptor 1 on nucleated erythroid cells regulates hematopoiesis. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:753-761. [PMID: 28553950 PMCID: PMC5480598 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Healthy individuals of African ancestry have neutropenia that has been linked with the variant rs2814778(G) of the gene encoding atypical chemokine receptor 1 (ACKR1). This polymorphism selectively abolishes the expression of ACKR1 in erythroid cells, causing a Duffy-negative phenotype. Here we describe an unexpected fundamental role for ACKR1 in hematopoiesis and provide the mechanism that links its absence with neutropenia. Nucleated erythroid cells had high expression of ACKR1, which facilitated their direct contact with hematopoietic stem cells. The absence of erythroid ACKR1 altered mouse hematopoiesis including stem and progenitor cells, which ultimately gave rise to phenotypically distinct neutrophils that readily left the circulation, causing neutropenia. Individuals with a Duffy-negative phenotype developed a distinct profile of neutrophil effector molecules that closely reflected the one observed in the ACKR1-deficient mice. Thus, alternative physiological patterns of hematopoiesis and bone marrow cell outputs depend on the expression of ACKR1 in the erythroid lineage, findings with major implications for the selection advantages that have resulted in the paramount fixation of the ACKR1 rs2814778(G) polymorphism in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Duchene
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Igor Novitzky-Basso
- Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow UK
| | - Aude Thiriot
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Ragon Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maria Casanova-Acebes
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariaelvy Bianchini
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - S. Leah Etheridge
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Elin Hub
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
| | - Katrin Nitz
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Artinger
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Kathrin Eller
- Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jorge Caamaño
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Remco T. A. Megens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology and Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Ragon Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andres Hidalgo
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antal Rot
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Immunology and Infection, Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK
- Center for Advanced Studies, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Address from July 2017: William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London. London, UK
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41
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Pacifico F, Lepore A, Mellone S, Sanguigno L, Federico G, Greco A, Brunetti A, Leonardi A. The chemokine scavenging receptor D6/ACKR2 is a target of miR-146a in thyroid cancer. Genes Cancer 2017; 8:577-588. [PMID: 28740576 PMCID: PMC5511891 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that miR-146a, a NF-κB-regulated microRNA, is strongly expressed in human specimens and cell lines derived from anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC) where it mediates some of the NF-κB pro-tumorigenic functions. By using a bioinformatic analysis, we identified the chemokine scavenger receptor D6/ ACKR2 as a target of miR146a in human ATC. We found that the expression of D6/ ACKR2 was up-regulated in miR-146a-null ATC cell lines and that the 3’ UTR of D6/ ACKR2 mRNA was able to inhibit its expression in parental, but not in miR-146a-null ATC cells. Since human specimens from primary ATC showed a low expression of D6/ ACKR2 compared to normal thyroid tissues, we analyzed the effects of D6/ACKR2 over-expression in ATC cells. Different chemokines added to the conditioned medium of D6/ACKR2 over-expressing ATC cells partially failed to drive in vitro monocyte migration, and tumors derived from the injection of the same cells in nude mice showed a decreased number of infiltrating macrophages. Taken together, these results indicate that ATC cells down-regulate D6/ACKR2 expression through miR-146a activity to sustain leukocyte trafficking inside tumor microenvironment and shed light on a novel mechanism by which NF-κB indirectly inhibits the expression and the function of anti-tumorigenic gene in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessio Lepore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Mellone
- Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Sanguigno
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Federico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Adelaide Greco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, scarl, Naples, Italy.,Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, scarl, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Leonardi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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Ivanov S, Randolph GJ. Myeloid cells pave the way for lymphatic system development and maintenance. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:465-472. [PMID: 28220247 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-1951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of tissue homeostasis is indispensable for health. In particular, removal of toxic compounds from cells and organs is a vital process for the organism. The lymphatic vasculature works in order to ensure the efficient removal of tissue waste. Forbidden over the last decade when more attention was paid to the blood vasculature, studies on the lymphatic vasculature have gained momentum during the last couple of years. The lymphatic vasculature naturally runs parallel to the blood vasculature and their synergistic work is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Diminished lymphatic function results in accumulation of body fluids in tissues and gives rise to edema. Recently, it became obvious that immune cells including myeloid cells and lymphocytes are able to interact with and control the development and function of the lymphatic vasculature. In this review, we will focus on the interaction between myeloid cells, including macrophages, monocytes, and dendritic cells, with lymphatic vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stoyan Ivanov
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), 06204, Nice, France. .,Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 06000, Nice, France.
| | - Gwendalyn J Randolph
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Schatz V, Neubert P, Schröder A, Binger K, Gebhard M, Müller DN, Luft FC, Titze J, Jantsch J. Elementary immunology: Na + as a regulator of immunity. Pediatr Nephrol 2017; 32:201-210. [PMID: 26921211 PMCID: PMC5203836 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-016-3349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The skin can serve as an interstitial Na+ reservoir. Local tissue Na+ accumulation increases with age, inflammation and infection. This increased local Na+ availability favors pro-inflammatory immune cell function and dampens their anti-inflammatory capacity. In this review, we summarize available data on how NaCl affects various immune cells. We particularly focus on how salt promotes pro-inflammatory macrophage and T cell function and simultaneously curtails their regulatory and anti-inflammatory potential. Overall, these findings demonstrate that local Na+ availability is a promising novel regulator of immunity. Hence, the modulation of tissue Na+ levels bears broad therapeutic potential: increasing local Na+ availability may help in treating infections, while lowering tissue Na+ levels may be used to treat, for example, autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Schatz
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg-Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg-Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Schröder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen-Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrina Binger
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthias Gebhard
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Research Building, Charité Lindenberger Weg 80, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dominik N Müller
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Research Building, Charité Lindenberger Weg 80, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Research Building, Charité Lindenberger Weg 80, Berlin, Germany
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jens Titze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen-Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg-Universität Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Bonavita O, Mollica Poeta V, Setten E, Massara M, Bonecchi R. ACKR2: An Atypical Chemokine Receptor Regulating Lymphatic Biology. Front Immunol 2017; 7:691. [PMID: 28123388 PMCID: PMC5225091 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays an important role in the induction of the immune response by transporting antigens, inflammatory mediators, and leukocytes from peripheral tissues to draining lymph nodes. It is emerging that lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) are playing an active role in this context via the expression of chemokines, inflammatory mediators promoting cell migration, and chemokine receptors. Particularly, LECs express atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs), which are unable to promote conventional signaling and cell migration while they are involved in the regulation of chemokine availability. Here, we provide a summary of the data on the role of ACKR2 expressed by lymphatics, indicating an essential role for this ACKRs in the regulation of the inflammation and the immune response in different pathological conditions, including infection, allergy, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ornella Bonavita
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Valeria Mollica Poeta
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Elisa Setten
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Matteo Massara
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bonecchi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
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45
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Wilson GJ, Hewit KD, Pallas KJ, Cairney CJ, Lee KM, Hansell CA, Stein T, Graham GJ. Atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2 controls branching morphogenesis in the developing mammary gland. Development 2017; 144:74-82. [PMID: 27888192 PMCID: PMC5278629 DOI: 10.1242/dev.139733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are important regulators of branching morphogenesis during development and postnatally in the mammary gland. Regulation of macrophage dynamics during these processes can therefore have a profound impact on development. We demonstrate here that the developing mammary gland expresses high levels of inflammatory CC-chemokines, which are essential in vivo regulators of macrophage migration. We further demonstrate that the atypical chemokine receptor ACKR2, which scavenges inflammatory CC-chemokines, is differentially expressed during mammary gland development. We have previously shown that ACKR2 regulates macrophage dynamics during lymphatic vessel development. Here, we extend these observations to reveal a novel role for ACKR2 in regulating the postnatal development of the mammary gland. Specifically, we show that Ackr2-/- mice display precocious mammary gland development. This is associated with increased macrophage recruitment to the developing gland and increased density of the ductal epithelial network. These data demonstrate that ACKR2 is an important regulator of branching morphogenesis in diverse biological contexts and provide the first evidence of a role for chemokines and their receptors in postnatal development processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian J Wilson
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Kay D Hewit
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Kenneth J Pallas
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Claire J Cairney
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kit M Lee
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Christopher A Hansell
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
| | - Torsten Stein
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TT, UK
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46
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Sabine A, Saygili Demir C, Petrova TV. Endothelial Cell Responses to Biomechanical Forces in Lymphatic Vessels. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:451-65. [PMID: 27099026 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Lymphatic vessels are important components of the cardiovascular and immune systems. They contribute both to the maintenance of normal homeostasis and to many pathological conditions, such as cancer and inflammation. The lymphatic vasculature is subjected to a variety of biomechanical forces, including fluid shear stress and vessel circumferential stretch. RECENT ADVANCES This review will discuss recent advances in our understanding of biomechanical forces in lymphatic vessels and their role in mammalian lymphatic vascular development and function. CRITICAL ISSUES We will highlight the importance of fluid shear stress generated by lymph flow in organizing the lymphatic vascular network. We will also describe how mutations in mechanosensitive genes lead to lymphatic vascular dysfunction. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Better understanding of how biomechanical and biochemical stimuli are perceived and interpreted by lymphatic endothelial cells is important for targeting regulation of lymphatic function in health and disease. Important remaining critical issues and future directions in the field will be discussed in this review. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 451-465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Sabine
- 1 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne Branch & Department of Fundamental Oncology, CHUV and University of Lausanne , Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Cansaran Saygili Demir
- 1 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne Branch & Department of Fundamental Oncology, CHUV and University of Lausanne , Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- 1 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne Branch & Department of Fundamental Oncology, CHUV and University of Lausanne , Epalinges, Switzerland .,2 Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology , CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland .,3 Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research , EPFL, Switzerland
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47
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Bonecchi R, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Riva F. Cytokine decoy and scavenger receptors as key regulators of immunity and inflammation. Cytokine 2016; 87:37-45. [PMID: 27498604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
IL-1R2 was the first decoy receptor to be described. Subsequently receptors which act as pure decoys or scavengers or trigger dampening of cytokine signaling have been described for cytokines and chemokines. Here we review the current understanding of the mode of action and significance in pathology of the chemokine atypical receptor ACKR2, the IL-1 decoy receptor IL-1R2 and the atypical IL-1 receptor family IL-1R8. Decoy and scavenger receptors with no or atypical signaling have emerged as a general strategy conserved in evolution to tune the action of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Bonecchi
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Humanitas University, via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
| | - Federica Riva
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
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48
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Bonecchi R, Graham GJ. Atypical Chemokine Receptors and Their Roles in the Resolution of the Inflammatory Response. Front Immunol 2016; 7:224. [PMID: 27375622 PMCID: PMC4901034 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors are key mediators of the inflammatory process regulating leukocyte extravasation and directional migration into inflamed and infected tissues. The control of chemokine availability within inflamed tissues is necessary to attain a resolving environment and when this fails chronic inflammation ensues. Accordingly, vertebrates have adopted a number of mechanisms for removing chemokines from inflamed sites to help precipitate resolution. Over the past 15 years, it has become apparent that essential players in this process are the members of the atypical chemokine receptor (ACKR) family. Broadly speaking, this family is expressed on stromal cell types and scavenges chemokines to either limit their spatial availability or to remove them from in vivo sites. Here, we provide a brief review of these ACKRs and discuss their involvement in the resolution of inflammatory responses and the therapeutic implications of our current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Bonecchi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Gerard J Graham
- Chemokine Research Group, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow , Glasgow , UK
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49
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Irvine KM, Banh X, Gadd VL, Wojcik KK, Ariffin JK, Jose S, Lukowski S, Baillie GJ, Sweet MJ, Powell EE. CRIg-expressing peritoneal macrophages are associated with disease severity in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e86914. [PMID: 27699269 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and ascites. Hypothesizing that innate immune dysfunction contributes to susceptibility to infection, we assessed ascitic fluid macrophage phenotype and function. The expression of complement receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily (CRIg) and CCR2 defined two phenotypically and functionally distinct peritoneal macrophage subpopulations. The proportion of CRIghi macrophages differed between patients and in the same patient over time, and a high proportion of CRIghi macrophages was associated with reduced disease severity (model for end-stage liver disease) score. As compared with CRIglo macrophages, CRIghi macrophages were highly phagocytic and displayed enhanced antimicrobial effector activity. Transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing and comparison with human macrophage and murine peritoneal macrophage expression signatures highlighted similarities among CRIghi cells, human macrophages, and mouse F4/80hi resident peritoneal macrophages and among CRIglo macrophages, human monocytes, and mouse F4/80lo monocyte-derived peritoneal macrophages. These data suggest that CRIghi and CRIglo macrophages may represent a tissue-resident population and a monocyte-derived population, respectively. In conclusion, ascites fluid macrophage subset distribution and phagocytic capacity is highly variable among patients with chronic liver disease. Regulating the numbers and/or functions of these macrophage populations could provide therapeutic opportunities in cirrhotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Juliana K Ariffin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), and.,IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J Sweet
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), and.,IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Powell
- School of Medicine.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation-associated lymphangiogenesis (IAL) is frequently observed in inflammatory bowel diseases. IAL is believed to limit inflammation by enhancing fluid and immune cell clearance. Although monocytes/macrophages (MΦ) are known to contribute to intestinal pathology in inflammatory bowel disease, their role in intestinal IAL has never been studied mechanistically. We investigated contributions of monocytes/MΦ to the development of intestinal inflammation and IAL. METHODS Because inflammatory monocytes express CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), we used CCR2 diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic (CCR2.DTR) mice, in which monocytes can be depleted by diphtheria toxin injection, and CCR2 mice, which have reduced circulating monocytes. Acute or chronic colitis was induced by dextran sodium sulfate or adoptive transfer of CD4CD45RB T cells, respectively. Intestinal inflammation was assessed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, disease activity, and histopathology, whereas IAL was assessed by lymphatic vessel morphology and density. RESULTS We demonstrated that intestinal MΦ expressed vascular endothelial growth factor-C/D. In acute colitis, monocyte-depleted mice were protected from intestinal injury and showed reduced IAL, which was reversed after transfer of wild-type monocytes into CCR2 mice. In chronic colitis, CCR2 deficiency did not attenuate inflammation but reduced IAL. CONCLUSIONS We propose a dual role of MΦ in (1) promoting acute inflammation and (2) contributing to IAL. Our data suggest that intestinal inflammation and IAL could occur independently, because IAL was reduced in the absence of monocytes/MΦ, even when inflammation was present. Future inflammatory bowel disease therapies might exploit promotion of IAL and suppression of MΦ independently, to restore lymphatic clearance and reduce inflammation.
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