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Meidaninikjeh S, Mohammadi P, Elikaei A. Bacteriophages and bacterial extracellular vesicles, threat or opportunity? Life Sci 2024; 350:122749. [PMID: 38821215 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMR) is one of the health major problems worldwide. The scientists are looking for a novel method to treat infectious diseases. Phage therapy is considered a suitable approach for treating infectious diseases. However, there are different challenges in this way. Some biological aspects can probably influence on therapeutic results and further investigations are necessary to reach a successful phage therapy. Bacteriophage activity can influence by bacterial defense system. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are one of the bacterial defense mechanisms which can modify the results of bacteriophage activity. BEVs have the significant roles in the gene transferring, invasion, escape, and spreading of bacteriophages. In this review, the defense mechanisms of bacteria against bacteriophages, especially BEVs secretion, the hidden linkage of BEVs and bacteriophages, and its possible consequences on the bacteriophage activity as well phage therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Meidaninikjeh
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parisa Mohammadi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ameneh Elikaei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Applied Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Bai S, Wen X, Li B, Hu R, Yang J, Yu Q, Zeng X, Feng H, Zhu F, Cai Z, Zhang G. Extracellular vesicles from alveolar macrophages harboring phagocytosed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induce necroptosis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114453. [PMID: 38985677 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, a major cause of hospital- and community-acquired pneumonia, still has a high mortality rate. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, have a significant impact on infectious diseases. However, the role of EVs from alveolar macrophages (AMs) in MRSA pneumonia remains unclear. We report that AMs phagocytose MRSA and release more EVs in mice with MRSA pneumonia. EVs from AMs harboring phagocytosed MRSA exhibit significant proinflammatory effects and induce necroptosis by delivering tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and miR-146a-5p. Mechanically, the upregulated miR-146a-5p in these EVs enhances the phosphorylation of RIPK1, RIPK3, and MLKL by targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), thereby promoting TNF-α-induced necroptosis. The combination of a TNF-α antagonist and an miR-146a-5p antagomir effectively improves the outcomes of mice with MRSA pneumonia. Overall, we reveal the pronecrotic effect of EVs from MRSA-infected AMs and provide a promising target for the prevention and treatment of MRSA pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songjie Bai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xuehuan Wen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Bingyu Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ruomeng Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Xianchang Zeng
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Orthopedics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Huajun Feng
- Ecological-Environment & Health College (EEHC), Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, China.
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China.
| | - Zhijian Cai
- Institute of Immunology, and Department of Orthopedics of The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
| | - Gensheng Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China; Key Laboratory of Multiple Organ Failure (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.
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Ma RY, Deng ZL, Du QY, Dai MQ, Luo YY, Liang YE, Dai XZ, Guo SM, Zhao WH. Enterococcus faecalis Extracellular Vesicles Promote Apical Periodontitis. J Dent Res 2024; 103:672-682. [PMID: 38679731 DOI: 10.1177/00220345241230867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is an important contributor to the persistence of chronic apical periodontitis. However, the mechanism by which E. faecalis infection in the root canals and dentinal tubules affects periapical tissue remains unclear. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as natural carriers of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) and have recently attracted considerable attention. In this study, we investigated the role of EVs derived from E. faecalis in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis. We observed that E. faecalis EVs can induce inflammatory bone destruction in the periapical areas of mice. Double-labeling immunofluorescence indicated that M1 macrophage infiltration was increased by E. faecalis EVs in apical lesions. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated the internalization of E. faecalis EVs into macrophages. Macrophages tended to polarize toward the M1 profile after treatment with E. faecalis EVs. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can recognize MAMPs of bacterial EVs and, in turn, trigger inflammatory responses. Thus, we performed further mechanistic exploration, which showed that E. faecalis EVs considerably increased the expression of NOD2, a cytoplasmic PRR, and that inhibition of NOD2 markedly reduced macrophage M1 polarization induced by E. faecalis EVs. RIPK2 ubiquitination is a major downstream of NOD2. We also observed increased RIPK2 ubiquitination in macrophages treated with E. faecalis EVs, and E. faecalis EV-induced macrophage M1 polarization was notably alleviated by the RIPK2 ubiquitination inhibitor. Our study revealed the potential for EVs to be considered a virulence factor of E. faecalis and found that E. faecalis EVs can promote macrophage M1 polarization via NOD2/RIPK2 signaling. To our knowledge, this is the first report to investigate apical periodontitis development from the perspective of bacterial vesicles and demonstrate the role and mechanism of E. faecalis EVs in macrophage polarization. This study expands our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of E. faecalis and provides novel insights into the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Y Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z L Deng
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Y Du
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Q Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Y Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y E Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Z Dai
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S M Guo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - W H Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Kulig K, Kowalik K, Surowiec M, Karnas E, Barczyk-Woznicka O, Zuba-Surma E, Pyza E, Kozik A, Rapala-Kozik M, Karkowska-Kuleta J. Isolation and Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by Probiotics: Yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and Bacterium Streptococcus salivarius K12. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:936-948. [PMID: 37209320 PMCID: PMC11126510 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous probiotic microorganisms have repeatedly been shown to produce nanometer-sized structures named extracellular vesicles (EVs). Recently, it has been suggested that similarly to whole microbial cells, EVs produced by probiotics may also demonstrate health benefits to the host, while their application does not involve the risk of infection caused by live microorganisms. In this work, we isolated EVs from two probiotic species originating from different taxonomic domains - yeast Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 and bacterium Streptococcus salivarius K12. The diameters of S. boulardii EVs were about 142 nm and for S. salivarius EVs about 123 nm. For S. boulardii EVs, 1641 proteins and for S. salivarius EVs, 466 proteins were identified with a liquid chromatography-coupled tandem mass spectrometry and then functionally classified. In both microbial species, metabolic proteins significantly contributed to the cargo of EVs comprising 25% and 26% of all identified vesicular proteins for fungi and bacteria, respectively. Moreover, enzymes associated with cell wall rearrangement, including enzymatically active glucanases, were also identified in EVs. Furthermore, probiotic EVs were shown to influence host cells and stimulate the production of IL-1β and IL-8 by the human monocytic cell line THP-1, and, at the same time, did not cause any remarkable reduction in the survival rate of Galleria mellonella larvae in this invertebrate model commonly used to evaluate microbial EV toxicity. These observations suggest that the EVs produced by the investigated probiotic microorganisms may be promising structures for future use in pro-health applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kulig
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kowalik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Surowiec
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Olga Barczyk-Woznicka
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Zuba-Surma
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland.
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Louka E, Koumandou VL. The Emerging Role of Human Gut Bacteria Extracellular Vesicles in Mental Disorders and Developing New Pharmaceuticals. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4751-4767. [PMID: 38785554 PMCID: PMC11120620 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, further evidence has emerged regarding the involvement of extracellular vesicles in various human physiopathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and mental disorders. The biogenesis and cargo of such vesicles may reveal their impact on human health nd disease and set the underpinnings for the development of novel chemical compounds and pharmaceuticals. In this review, we examine the link between bacteria-derived exosomes in the gastrointestinal tract and mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Crucially, we focus on whether changes in the gut environment affect the human mental state or the other way around. Furthermore, the possibility of handling bacteria-derived exosomes as vectors of chemicals to treat such conditions is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effrosyni Louka
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Lila Koumandou
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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Zimmerman JA, Verboonen B, Harrison Hanson AP, Brusslan JA. Arabidopsis Apoplast TET8 Positively Correlates to Leaf Senescence and tet3tet8 Double Mutants are Delayed in Leaf Senescence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.10.593620. [PMID: 38798530 PMCID: PMC11118556 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.10.593620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound exosomes secreted into the apoplast. Two distinct populations of EVs have been described in Arabidopsis: PEN1-associated and TET8-associated. We previously noted early leaf senescence in the pen1 single and pen1pen3 double mutant. Both PEN1 and PEN3 are abundant in EV proteomes suggesting EVs might regulate leaf senescence in soil-grown plants. We observed that TET8 is more abundant in the apoplast of early senescing pen1 and pen1pen3 mutant rosettes and in older WT rosettes. The increase in apoplast TET8 in the pen1 mutant did not correspond to increased TET8 mRNA levels. In addition, apoplast TET8 was more abundant in the early leaf senescence myb59 mutant, meaning the increase in apoplast TET8 protein during leaf senescence is not dependent on pen1 or pen3 . Genetic analysis showed a significant delay in leaf senescence in tet3tet8 double mutants after six weeks of growth suggesting that these two tetraspanin paralogs operate additively and are positive regulators of leaf senescence. This is opposite of the effect of pen1 and pen1pen3 mutants that show early senescence and suggest PEN1 to be a negative regulator of leaf senescence. Our work provides initial support that PEN1-associated EVs and TET8-associated EVs may have opposite effects on soil-grown plants undergoing age-related leaf senescence.
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Vicente-Gil S, Nuñez-Ortiz N, Morel E, Serra CR, Docando F, Díaz-Rosales P, Tafalla C. Immunomodulatory properties of Bacillus subtilis extracellular vesicles on rainbow trout intestinal cells and splenic leukocytes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394501. [PMID: 38774883 PMCID: PMC11106384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-surrounded vesicles that carry bioactive molecules. Among EVs, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), specifically produced by Gram-negative bacteria, have been extensively characterized and their potential as vaccines, adjuvants or immunotherapeutic agents, broadly explored in mammals. Nonetheless, Gram-positive bacteria can also produce bilayered spherical structures from 20 to 400 nm involved in pathogenesis, antibiotic resistance, nutrient uptake and nucleic acid transfer. However, information regarding their immunomodulatory potential is very scarce, both in mammals and fish. In the current study, we have produced EVs from the Gram-positive probiotic Bacillus subtilis and evaluated their immunomodulatory capacities using a rainbow trout intestinal epithelial cell line (RTgutGC) and splenic leukocytes. B. subtilis EVs significantly up-regulated the transcription of several pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial genes in both RTgutGC cells and splenocytes, while also up-regulating many genes associated with B cell differentiation in the later. In concordance, B. subtilis EVs increased the number of IgM-secreting cells in splenocyte cultures, while at the same time increased the MHC II surface levels and antigen-processing capacities of splenic IgM+ B cells. Interestingly, some of these experiments were repeated comparing the effects of B. subtilis EVs to EVs obtained from another Bacillus species, Bacillus megaterium, identifying important differences. The data presented provides evidence of the immunomodulatory capacities of Gram-positive EVs, pointing to the potential of B. subtilis EVs as adjuvants or immunostimulants for aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Vicente-Gil
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Nuñez-Ortiz
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Morel
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cláudia R. Serra
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Docando
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Díaz-Rosales
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Tafalla
- Fish Immunology and Pathology Group, Animal Health Research Centre (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Jayathilaka EHTT, Dias MKHM, Nikapitiya C, De Zoysa M. Immunomodulatory responses of extracellular vesicles released by gram-positive fish pathogen Streptococcus parauberis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109508. [PMID: 38519003 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanosized structures that play a role in intercellular communication and transport of bioactive molecules. Streptococcus parauberis is a Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium that causes "Streptococcosis" in fish. In this study, we isolated S. parauberis-derived extracellular vesicles (SpEVs), and then physicochemical and immunomodulatory properties were determined to elucidate their biological functions. Initially, the biogenesis of SpEVs was detected using field emission scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that secretory phase SpEVs attached to the outer surface of S. parauberis. SpEVs had an average particle diameter and zeta potential of 168.3 ± 6.5 nm and -17.96 ± 2.11 mV, respectively. Field emission transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the presence of round or oval-shaped SpEVs with clear membrane margins. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results showed three sharp protein bands when SpEVs were stained with Coomassie blue. In vitro toxicity of SpEVs was assayed using the murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells and we observed no significant (p < 0.05) viability reduction up to 50 μg/mL qRT-PCR results revealed that SpEVs-treated (5 and 10 μg/mL) RAW 264.7 cells significantly (p < 0.05) induced the mRNA of proinflammatory (Il1β, Il6, and Tnfα) and anti-inflammatory (Il10) cytokines in a concentration-dependent manner. In vivo immunomodulatory effects of SpEVs were investigated by injecting SpEVs (5 and 10 μg/fish) into adult zebrafish. Transcriptional analysis based on qRT-PCR indicates significant (p < 0.05) upregulation of proinflammatory (il1β, il6, and tnfα) and anti-inflammatory (il10) genes in a concentration-dependent manner in zebrafish kidney. Further, protein expression results in zebrafish spleen tissue confirmed the immunomodulatory activity of SpEVs. In conclusion, SpEVs display the characteristics of BEVs and immunomodulatory activities, suggesting their potential application as vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H T Thulshan Jayathilaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Liu C, Yazdani N, Moran CS, Salomon C, Seneviratne CJ, Ivanovski S, Han P. Unveiling clinical applications of bacterial extracellular vesicles as natural nanomaterials in disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Acta Biomater 2024; 180:18-45. [PMID: 38641182 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are naturally occurring bioactive membrane-bound nanoparticles released by both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species, exhibiting a multifaceted role in mediating host-microbe interactions across various physiological conditions. Increasing evidence supports BEVs as essential mediators of cell-to-cell communicaiton, influencing bacterial pathogenicity, disease mechanisms, and modulating the host immune response. However, the extent to which these BEV-mediated actions can be leveraged to predict disease onset, guide treatment strategies, and determine clinical outcomes remains uncertain, particularly in terms of their clinical translation potentials. This review briefly describes BEV biogenesis and their internalisation by recipient cells and summarises methods for isolation and characterization, essential for understanding their composition and cargo. Further, it discusses the potential of biofluid-associated BEVs as biomarkers for various diseases, spanning both cancer and non-cancerous conditions. Following this, we outline the ongoing human clinical trials of using BEVs for vaccine development. In addition to disease diagnostics, this review explores the emerging research of using natural or engineered BEVs as smart nanomaterials for applications in anti-cancer therapy and bone regeneration. This discussion extends to key factors for unlocking the clinical potential of BEVs, such as standardization of BEV isolation and characterisation, as well as other hurdles in translating these findings to the clinical setting. We propose that addressing these hurdles through collaborative research efforts and well-designed clinical trials holds the key to fully harnessing the clinical potential of BEVs. As this field advances, this review suggests that BEV-based nanomedicine has the potential to revolutionize disease management, paving the way for innovative diagnosis, therapeutics, and personalized medicine approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from both host cells and bacteria serve as multifunctional biomaterials and are emerging in the fields of biomedicine, bioengineering, and biomaterials. However, the majority of current studies focus on host-derived EVs, leaving a gap in comprehensive research on bacteria-derived EVs (BEVs). Although BEVs offer an attractive option as nanomaterials for drug delivery systems, their unique nanostructure and easy-to-modify functions make them a potential method for disease diagnosis and treatment as well as vaccine development. Our work among the pioneering studies investigating the potential of BEVs as natural nanobiomaterials plays a crucial role in both understanding the development of diseases and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Negar Yazdani
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029 Australia
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Pingping Han
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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10
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Smith SF, Brewer DS, Hurst R, Cooper CS. Applications of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles in the Diagnosis and Active Surveillance of Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1717. [PMID: 38730670 PMCID: PMC11083542 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer among men in the UK, causing significant health and economic burdens. Diagnosis and risk prognostication can be challenging due to the genetic and clinical heterogeneity of prostate cancer as well as uncertainties in our knowledge of the underlying biology and natural history of disease development. Urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) are microscopic, lipid bilayer defined particles released by cells that carry a variety of molecular cargoes including nucleic acids, proteins and other molecules. Urine is a plentiful source of prostate-derived EVs. In this narrative review, we summarise the evidence on the function of urinary EVs and their applications in the evolving field of prostate cancer diagnostics and active surveillance. EVs are implicated in the development of all hallmarks of prostate cancer, and this knowledge has been applied to the development of multiple diagnostic tests, which are largely based on RNA and miRNA. Common gene probes included in multi-probe tests include PCA3 and ERG, and the miRNAs miR-21 and miR-141. The next decade will likely bring further improvements in the diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers as well as insights into molecular biological mechanisms of action that can be translated into opportunities in precision uro-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie F. Smith
- Metabolic Health Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK (C.S.C.)
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals, Norwich NR4 7UY, UK
| | - Daniel S. Brewer
- Metabolic Health Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK (C.S.C.)
| | - Rachel Hurst
- Metabolic Health Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK (C.S.C.)
| | - Colin S. Cooper
- Metabolic Health Research Centre, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK (C.S.C.)
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11
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Sapugahawatte DN, Godakumara K, Mäesaar M, Ekanayake G, Midekessa GB, Prasadani M, Kodithuwakku S, Roasto M, Andronowska A, Fazeli A. Harnessing Nature's Defence: The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Pasteurised Cattle Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4759. [PMID: 38731976 PMCID: PMC11083917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) challenges conventional antibiotics, prompting the search for alternatives. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from pasteurised cattle milk offer promise, due to their unique properties. This study investigates their efficacy against five pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, aiming to combat AMR and to develop new therapies. EVs were characterised and tested using various methods. Co-culture experiments with S. aureus showed significant growth inhibition, with colony-forming units decreasing from 2.4 × 105 CFU/mL (single dose) to 7.4 × 104 CFU/mL (triple doses) after 12 h. Milk EVs extended lag time (6 to 9 h) and increased generation time (2.8 to 4.8 h) dose-dependently, compared to controls. In conclusion, milk EVs exhibit dose-dependent inhibition against S. aureus, prolonging lag and generation times. Despite limitations, this suggests their potential in addressing AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulmini Nanayakkara Sapugahawatte
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Kasun Godakumara
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Mihkel Mäesaar
- Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Gayandi Ekanayake
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Getnet Balcha Midekessa
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 14b, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Madhusha Prasadani
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
| | - Suranga Kodithuwakku
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Mati Roasto
- Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.M.); (M.R.)
| | - Aneta Andronowska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Juliana Tuwima St. 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Alireza Fazeli
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 62, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (D.N.S.); (K.G.); (G.E.); (G.B.M.); (M.P.); (S.K.)
- Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Fr. R. Kreutzwaldi 56/3, 51006 Tartu, Estonia; (M.M.); (M.R.)
- Division of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine & Population Health, University of Sheffield, Level 4, Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield S10 2SF, UK
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12
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Subsomwong P, Teng W, Ishiai T, Narita K, Sukchawalit R, Nakane A, Asano K. Extracellular vesicles from Staphylococcus aureus promote the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127612. [PMID: 38244256 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Co-infections with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common in patients with chronic wounds, but little is known about their synergistic effect mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we investigated the effect of EVs derived from S. aureus (SaEVs) on the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa. By using lipophilic dye, we could confirm the fusion between SaEV and P. aeruginosa membranes. However, SaEVs did not alter the growth and antibiotic susceptible pattern of P. aeruginosa. Differential proteomic analysis between SaEV-treated and non-treated P. aeruginosa was performed, and the results revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis protein in P. aeruginosa significantly increased after SaEV-treatment. Regarding this result, we also found that SaEVs promoted LPS production, biofilm formation, and expression of polysaccharide polymerization-related genes in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, invasion of epithelial cells by SaEV-pretreated P. aeruginosa was enhanced. On the other hand, uptake of P. aeruginosa by RAW 264.7 macrophages was impaired after pretreatment P. aeruginosa with SaEVs. Proteomic analysis SaEVs revealed that SaEVs contain the proteins involving in host cell colonization, inhibition of host immune response, anti-phagocytosis of the macrophages, and protein translocation and iron uptake of S. aureus. In conclusion, SaEVs serve as a mediator that promote P. aeruginosa pathogenicity by enhancing LPS biosynthesis, biofilm formation, epithelial cell invasion, and macrophage uptake impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phawinee Subsomwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Wei Teng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takahito Ishiai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kouji Narita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan; Institute for Animal Experimentation, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Rojana Sukchawalit
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akio Nakane
- Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Krisana Asano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan; Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
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13
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Jeong GJ, Khan F, Tabassum N, Cho KJ, Kim YM. Bacterial extracellular vesicles: Modulation of biofilm and virulence properties. Acta Biomater 2024; 178:13-23. [PMID: 38417645 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Microbial pathogens cause persistent infections by forming biofilms and producing numerous virulence factors. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanostructures produced by various bacterial species vital for molecular transport. BEVs include various components, including lipids (glycolipids, LPS, and phospholipids), nucleic acids (genomic DNA, plasmids, and short RNA), proteins (membrane proteins, enzymes, and toxins), and quorum-sensing signaling molecules. BEVs play a major role in forming extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in biofilms by transporting EPS components such as extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA. BEVs have been observed to carry various secretory virulence factors. Thus, BEVs play critical roles in cell-to-cell communication, biofilm formation, virulence, disease progression, and resistance to antimicrobial treatment. In contrast, BEVs have been shown to impede early-stage biofilm formation, disseminate mature biofilms, and reduce virulence. This review summarizes the current status in the literature regarding the composition and role of BEVs in microbial infections. Furthermore, the dual functions of BEVs in eliciting and suppressing biofilm formation and virulence in various microbial pathogens are thoroughly discussed. This review is expected to improve our understanding of the use of BEVs in determining the mechanism of biofilm development in pathogenic bacteria and in developing drugs to inhibit biofilm formation by microbial pathogens. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanostructures formed by membrane blebbing and explosive cell lysis. It is essential for transporting lipids, nucleic acids, proteins, and quorum-sensing signaling molecules. BEVs play an important role in the formation of the biofilm's extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by transporting its components, such as extracellular polysaccharides, proteins, and extracellular DNA. Furthermore, BEVs shield genetic material from nucleases and thermodegradation by packaging it during horizontal gene transfer, contributing to the transmission of bacterial adaptation determinants like antibiotic resistance. Thus, BEVs play a critical role in cell-to-cell communication, biofilm formation, virulence enhancement, disease progression, and drug resistance. In contrast, BEVs have been shown to prevent early-stage biofilm, disperse mature biofilm, and reduce virulence characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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14
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Lei EK, Azmat A, Henry KA, Hussack G. Outer membrane vesicles as a platform for the discovery of antibodies to bacterial pathogens. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:232. [PMID: 38396192 PMCID: PMC10891261 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanosized spheroidal particles shed by gram-negative bacteria that contain biomolecules derived from the periplasmic space, the bacterial outer membrane, and possibly other compartments. OMVs can be purified from bacterial culture supernatants, and by genetically manipulating the bacterial cells that produce them, they can be engineered to harbor cargoes and/or display molecules of interest on their surfaces including antigens that are immunogenic in mammals. Since OMV bilayer-embedded components presumably maintain their native structures, OMVs may represent highly useful tools for generating antibodies to bacterial outer membrane targets. OMVs have historically been utilized as vaccines or vaccine constituents. Antibodies that target bacterial surfaces are increasingly being explored as antimicrobial agents either in unmodified form or as targeting moieties for bactericidal compounds. Here, we review the properties of OMVs, their use as immunogens, and their ability to elicit antibody responses against bacterial antigens. We highlight antigens from bacterial pathogens that have been successfully targeted using antibodies derived from OMV-based immunization and describe opportunities and limitations for OMVs as a platform for antimicrobial antibody development. KEY POINTS: • Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of gram-negative bacteria bear cell-surface molecules • OMV immunization allows rapid antibody (Ab) isolation to bacterial membrane targets • Review and analysis of OMV-based immunogens for antimicrobial Ab development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric K Lei
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Aruba Azmat
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin A Henry
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Greg Hussack
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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15
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Huang MB, Brena D, Wu JY, Shelton M, Bond VC. SMR peptide antagonizes Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0258323. [PMID: 38170991 PMCID: PMC10846015 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02583-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence and international dissemination of multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strains challenge current antibiotic-based therapies, representing an urgent threat to public health worldwide. In the U.S. alone, S. aureus infections are responsible for 11,000 deaths and 500,000 hospitalizations annually. Biofilm formation is a major contributor to antibiotic tolerance and resistance-induced delays in empirical therapy with increased infection severity, frequency, treatment failure, and mortality. Developing novel treatment strategies to prevent and disrupt biofilm formation is imperative. In this article, we test the Secretion Modification Region (SMR) peptides for inhibitory effects on resistant S. aureus biofilm-forming capacity by targeting the molecular chaperone DnaK. The dose effect of SMR peptides on biofilm formation was assessed using microtiter plate methods and confocal microscopy. Interaction between the antagonist and DnaK was determined by immune precipitation with anti-Flag M2 Affinity and Western blot analysis. Increasing SMR peptide concentrations exhibited increasing blockade of S. aureus biofilm formation with significant inhibition found at 18 µM, 36 µM, and 72 µM. This work supports the potential therapeutic benefit of SMR peptides in reducing biofilm viability and could improve the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents.IMPORTANCEThe development of anti-biofilm agents is critical to restoring bacterial sensitivity, directly combating the evolution of resistance, and overall reducing the clinical burden related to pervasive biofilm-mediated infections. Thus, in this study, the SMR peptide, a novel small molecule derived from the HIV Nef protein, was preliminarily explored for anti-biofilm properties. The SMR peptide was shown to effectively target the molecular chaperone DnaK and inhibit biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner. These results support further investigation into the mechanism of SMR peptide-mediated biofilm formation and inhibition to benefit rational drug design and the identification of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Bo Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dara Brena
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jennifer Y. Wu
- Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin Shelton
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- NanoString Technologies, Inc, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vincent C. Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Immunology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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16
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Welsh JA, Goberdhan DCI, O'Driscoll L, Buzas EI, Blenkiron C, Bussolati B, Cai H, Di Vizio D, Driedonks TAP, Erdbrügger U, Falcon‐Perez JM, Fu Q, Hill AF, Lenassi M, Lim SK, Mahoney MG, Mohanty S, Möller A, Nieuwland R, Ochiya T, Sahoo S, Torrecilhas AC, Zheng L, Zijlstra A, Abuelreich S, Bagabas R, Bergese P, Bridges EM, Brucale M, Burger D, Carney RP, Cocucci E, Colombo F, Crescitelli R, Hanser E, Harris AL, Haughey NJ, Hendrix A, Ivanov AR, Jovanovic‐Talisman T, Kruh‐Garcia NA, Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino V, Kyburz D, Lässer C, Lennon KM, Lötvall J, Maddox AL, Martens‐Uzunova ES, Mizenko RR, Newman LA, Ridolfi A, Rohde E, Rojalin T, Rowland A, Saftics A, Sandau US, Saugstad JA, Shekari F, Swift S, Ter‐Ovanesyan D, Tosar JP, Useckaite Z, Valle F, Varga Z, van der Pol E, van Herwijnen MJC, Wauben MHM, Wehman AM, Williams S, Zendrini A, Zimmerman AJ, MISEV Consortium, Théry C, Witwer KW. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12404. [PMID: 38326288 PMCID: PMC10850029 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Welsh
- Translational Nanobiology Section, Laboratory of PathologyNational Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Deborah C. I. Goberdhan
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive HealthUniversity of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer InstituteTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Edit I. Buzas
- Department of Genetics, Cell‐ and ImmunobiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HCEMM‐SU Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
- HUN‐REN‐SU Translational Extracellular Vesicle Research GroupSemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Cherie Blenkiron
- Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesThe University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Benedetta Bussolati
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | | | - Dolores Di Vizio
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology and TherapeuticsCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Tom A. P. Driedonks
- Department CDL ResearchUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Uta Erdbrügger
- University of Virginia Health SystemCharlottesvilleVirginiaUSA
| | - Juan M. Falcon‐Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- Metabolomics Platform, Center for Cooperative Research in BiosciencesBasque Research and Technology AllianceDerioSpain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain
| | - Qing‐Ling Fu
- Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, The First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Extracellular Vesicle Research and Clinical Translational CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Institute for Health and SportVictoria UniversityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Metka Lenassi
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia
| | - Sai Kiang Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB)Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Paracrine Therapeutics Pte. Ltd.SingaporeSingapore
- Department of Surgery, YLL School of MedicineNational University SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Mỹ G. Mahoney
- Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell FacilityAll India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia
| | - Andreas Möller
- Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong S.A.R.
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Rienk Nieuwland
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Susmita Sahoo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ana C. Torrecilhas
- Laboratório de Imunologia Celular e Bioquímica de Fungos e Protozoários, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e FarmacêuticasUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Campus DiademaDiademaBrazil
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of PathologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- GenentechSouth San FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah Abuelreich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Reem Bagabas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paolo Bergese
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
- National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA TechnologyPaduaItaly
| | - Esther M. Bridges
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Marco Brucale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Dylan Burger
- Kidney Research CentreOttawa Hopsital Research InstituteOttawaCanada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
- School of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of OttawaOttawaCanada
| | - Randy P. Carney
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emanuele Cocucci
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Federico Colombo
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of PharmacyThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Rossella Crescitelli
- Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Institute of Clinical SciencesSahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Edveena Hanser
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Norman J. Haughey
- Departments of Neurology and PsychiatryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - An Hendrix
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Human Structure and RepairGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
- Cancer Research Institute GhentGhentBelgium
| | - Alexander R. Ivanov
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tijana Jovanovic‐Talisman
- Department of Cancer Biology and Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Nicole A. Kruh‐Garcia
- Bio‐pharmaceutical Manufacturing and Academic Resource Center (BioMARC)Infectious Disease Research Center, Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | - Vroniqa Ku'ulei‐Lyn Faustino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Diego Kyburz
- Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Department of RheumatologyUniversity Hospital BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Cecilia Lässer
- Krefting Research Centre, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionInstitute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Kathleen M. Lennon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jan Lötvall
- Krefting Research Centre, Institute of Medicine at Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Adam L. Maddox
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Elena S. Martens‐Uzunova
- Erasmus MC Cancer InstituteUniversity Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of UrologyRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rachel R. Mizenko
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lauren A. Newman
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andrea Ridolfi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and LaserLaB AmsterdamVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eva Rohde
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, University HospitalSalzburger Landeskliniken GmbH of Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- GMP Unit, Paracelsus Medical UniversitySalzburgAustria
- Transfer Centre for Extracellular Vesicle Theralytic Technologies, EV‐TTSalzburgAustria
| | - Tatu Rojalin
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Expansion Therapeutics, Structural Biology and BiophysicsJupiterFloridaUSA
| | - Andrew Rowland
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Andras Saftics
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research InstituteCity of Hope Comprehensive Cancer CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ursula S. Sandau
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Julie A. Saugstad
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative MedicineOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Faezeh Shekari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research CenterRoyan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECRTehranIran
- Celer DiagnosticsTorontoCanada
| | - Simon Swift
- Waipapa Taumata Rau University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
| | - Dmitry Ter‐Ovanesyan
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired EngineeringHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Juan P. Tosar
- Universidad de la RepúblicaMontevideoUruguay
- Institut Pasteur de MontevideoMontevideoUruguay
| | - Zivile Useckaite
- College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia
| | - Francesco Valle
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche ‐ Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali NanostrutturatiBolognaItaly
- Consorzio Interuniversitario per lo Sviluppo dei Sistemi a Grande InterfaseFlorenceItaly
| | - Zoltan Varga
- Biological Nanochemistry Research GroupInstitute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural SciencesBudapestHungary
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation BiologySemmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Edwin van der Pol
- Amsterdam Vesicle Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Laboratory of Experimental Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, location AMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn J. C. van Herwijnen
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Marca H. M. Wauben
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | | | - Andrea Zendrini
- Department of Molecular and Translational MedicineUniversity of BresciaBresciaItaly
- Center for Colloid and Surface Science (CSGI)FlorenceItaly
| | - Alan J. Zimmerman
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Clotilde Théry
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932PSL UniversityParisFrance
- CurieCoreTech Extracellular Vesicles, Institut CurieParisFrance
| | - Kenneth W. Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative PathobiologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- EV Core Facility “EXCEL”, Institute for Basic Biomedical SciencesJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- The Richman Family Precision Medicine Center of Excellence in Alzheimer's DiseaseJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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17
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Liu BD, Akbar R, Oliverio A, Thapa K, Wang X, Fan GC. BACTERIAL EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES IN THE REGULATION OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE AND HOST-MICROBE INTERACTIONS. Shock 2024; 61:175-188. [PMID: 37878470 PMCID: PMC10921997 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a new revelation in cross-kingdom communication, with increasing evidence showing the diverse roles of bacterial EVs (BEVs) in mammalian cells and host-microbe interactions. Bacterial EVs include outer membrane vesicles released by gram-negative bacteria and membrane vesicles generated from gram-positive bacteria. Recently, BEVs have drawn attention for their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic tools because they are nano-sized and can deliver bacterial cargo into host cells. Importantly, exposure to BEVs significantly affects various physiological and pathological responses in mammalian cells. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview of the various effects of BEVs on host cells (i.e., immune cells, endothelial cells, and epithelial cells) and inflammatory/infectious diseases. First, the biogenesis and purification methods of BEVs are summarized. Next, the mechanisms and pathways identified by BEVs that stimulate either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses are highlighted. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms by which BEVs regulate host-microbe interactions and their effects on the immune system. Finally, this review focuses on the contribution of BEVs to the pathogenesis of sepsis/septic shock and their therapeutic potential for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University College of Arts and Sciences, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Rubab Akbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Anna Oliverio
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Kajol Thapa
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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18
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Ajam-Hosseini M, Akhoondi F, Parvini F, Fahimi H. Gram-negative bacterial sRNAs encapsulated in OMVs: an emerging class of therapeutic targets in diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1305510. [PMID: 38983695 PMCID: PMC11232669 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1305510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) encapsulated in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are critical post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. OMVs are small spherical structures released by Gram-negative bacteria that serve as important vehicles for intercellular communication and can also play an important role in bacterial virulence and host-pathogen interactions. These molecules can interact with mRNAs or proteins and affect various cellular functions and physiological processes in the producing bacteria. This review aims to provide insight into the current understanding of sRNA localization to OMVs in Gram-negative bacteria and highlights the identification, characterization and functional implications of these encapsulated sRNAs. By examining the research gaps in this field, we aim to inspire further exploration and progress in investigating the potential therapeutic applications of OMV-encapsulated sRNAs in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobarakeh Ajam-Hosseini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Akhoondi
- Department of Molecular Biology of The Cell, Faculty of Bioscience, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Farshid Parvini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Fahimi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Roy Chowdhury M, Massé E. New Perspectives on Crosstalks Between Bacterial Regulatory RNAs from Outer Membrane Vesicles and Eukaryotic Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2741:183-194. [PMID: 38217654 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3565-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Regulatory small RNAs (sRNAs) help the bacteria to survive harsh environmental conditions by posttranscriptional regulation of genes involved in various biological pathways including stress responses, homeostasis, and virulence. These sRNAs can be found carried by different membrane-bound vesicles like extracellular vesicles (EVs), membrane vesicles (MVs), or outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs provide myriad functions in bacterial cells including carrying a cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids including sRNAs. A few interesting studies have shown that these sRNAs can be transported to the host cell by membrane vesicles and can regulate the host immune system. Although there is evidence that sRNAs can be exported to host cells and sometimes can even cross the blood-brain barrier, the exact mechanism is still unknown. In this review, we investigated the new techniques implemented in various studies, to elucidate the crosstalks between bacterial cells and human immune systems by membrane vesicles carrying bacterial regulatory sRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Eric Massé
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Genomics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
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20
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Merchak AR, Wachamo S, Brown LC, Thakur A, Moreau B, Brown RM, Rivet-Noor CR, Raghavan T, Gaultier A. Lactobacillus from the Altered Schaedler Flora maintain IFNγ homeostasis to promote behavioral stress resilience. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:458-469. [PMID: 37924959 PMCID: PMC10842688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome consists of trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that inhabit the digestive tract. These communities are sensitive to disruption from environmental exposures ranging from diet changes to illness. Disruption of the community of lactic acid producing bacteria, Lactobaccillacea, has been well documented in mood disorders and stress exposure. In fact, oral supplement with many Lactobacillus species can ameliorate these effects, preventing depression- and anxiety-like behavior. Here, we utilize a gnotobiotic mouse colonized with the Altered Schaedler Flora to remove the two native species of Lactobaccillacea: L. intestinalis and L. murinus. Using this microbial community, we found that the Lactobacillus species themselves, and not the disrupted microbial communities are protective from environmental stressors. Further, we determine that Lactobaccillacea are maintaining homeostatic IFNγ levels which are mediating these behavioral and circuit level responses. By utilizing the Altered Schaedler Flora, we have gained new insight into how probiotics influence behavior and provide novel methods to study potential therapies to treat mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Merchak
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Samuel Wachamo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lucille C Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alisha Thakur
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brett Moreau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Ryan M Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Courtney R Rivet-Noor
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Tula Raghavan
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alban Gaultier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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21
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Kumari R, Arya P, Yadav SP, Mishra RC, Yadav JP. Monkeypox Virus (MPXV) Infection: A Review. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:76-82. [PMID: 38243966 DOI: 10.2174/0118715265258451231214063506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Monkeypox is a viral disease; its outbreak was recently declared a global emergency by the World Health Organization. For the first time, a monkeypox virus (MPXV)-infected patient was found in India. Various researchers back-to-back tried to find the solution to this health emergency just after COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the current outbreak status of India, its transmission, virulence factors, symptoms, treatment, and the preventive guidelines generated by the Indian Health Ministry. We found that monkeypox virus (MPXV) disease is different from smallpox, and the age group between 30-40 years old is more prone to MPXV disease. We also found that, besides homosexuals, gays, bisexuals, and non-vegetarians, it also affects normal straight men and women who have no history of travel. Close contact should be avoided from rats, monkeys and sick people who are affected by monkeypox. To date, there are no monkeypox drugs, but Tecovirimat is more effective than other drugs that are used for other viral diseases like smallpox. Therefore, we need to develop an effective antiviral agent against the virulence factor of MXPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosy Kumari
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
| | - Pooja Arya
- Department of Psychology, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249405, India
| | - Surya Prakash Yadav
- Department of Yoga, University of Patanjali, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, 249405, India
| | - Ratish Chandra Mishra
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
- Department of Zoology, Om Sterling Global University, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Jaya Parkash Yadav
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana, 124001, India
- Indira Gandhi University, Meerpur, Rewari, Haryana, 122502, India
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22
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Olovo CV, Wiredu Ocansey DK, Ji Y, Huang X, Xu M. Bacterial membrane vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2341670. [PMID: 38666762 PMCID: PMC11057571 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2341670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and debilitating condition of relapsing and remitting inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Conventional therapeutic approaches for IBD have shown limited efficacy and detrimental side effects, leading to the quest for novel and effective treatment options for the disease. Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanosized lipid particles secreted by lysis or blebbing processes from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These vesicles, known to carry bioactive components, are facsimiles of the parent bacterium and have been implicated in the onset and progression, as well as in the amelioration of IBD. This review discusses the overview of MVs and their impact in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of IBD. We further discuss the technical challenges facing this research area and possible research questions addressing these challenges. We summarize recent advances in the diverse relationship between IBD and MVs, and the application of this knowledge as a viable and potent therapeutic strategy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinasa Valerie Olovo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Dickson Kofi Wiredu Ocansey
- Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine of Jiangsu Province, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P.R. China
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ying Ji
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinxiang Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Afzal A, Khawar MB, Habiba U, Afzal H, Hamid SE, Rafiq M, Abbasi MH, Sheikh N, Abaidullah R, Asif Z, Saeed T. Diagnostic and therapeutic value of EVs in lungs diseases and inflammation. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:26. [PMID: 38127201 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09045-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-derived messengers which have been playing an important role in the inflammation and pathogenesis of lung diseases. EVs contain varieties of DNA, RNA, and membrane receptors through which they work as a delivery system for bioactive molecules as well as intracellular communicators. EV signaling mediates tumor progression and metastasis. EVs are linked with many diseases and perform a diagnostic role in lung injury and inflammation so are used to diagnose the severity of diseases. EVs containing a variety of biomolecules communicate with the recipient cells during pathophysiological mechanisms thereby acquiring the attention of clinicians toward the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of EVs in different lung diseases. In this review, we summarize the role of EVs in inflammation with an emphasis on their potential as a novel candidate in the diagnostics and therapeutics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Afzal
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Babar Khawar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan.
| | - Ume Habiba
- Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hanan Afzal
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Eisha Hamid
- Molecular Medicine and Cancer Therapeutics Lab, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mussarat Rafiq
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Nadeem Sheikh
- Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rimsha Abaidullah
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Zoya Asif
- Applied Molecular Biology and Biomedicine Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Tahaa Saeed
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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24
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Lu S, Xu J, Zhao Z, Guo Y, Zhang H, Jurutka PW, Huang D, Cao C, Cheng S. Dietary Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG extracellular vesicles enhance antiprogrammed cell death 1 (anti-PD-1) immunotherapy efficacy against colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2023; 14:10314-10328. [PMID: 37916395 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02018e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to explore combination therapy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer through food probiotics. In this study, extracellular vesicles (EV) derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG-EV) were successfully isolated. Adjusting the culture temperature to 30 °C led to an elevated LGG-EV yield, and the addition of penicillin resulted in a decrease in particle size. In addition, LGG-EV have better gastrointestinal tract stability in a Ca2+ environment in vivo and in vitro. Oral administration of LGG-EV synergistically improved anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy against colorectal cancer. Mechanistically, LGG-EV modulated intestinal immunity by increasing the CD8+ T/CD4+ T cell ratio in mesenteric lymph nodes and enhancing the ratio of MHC II+ DC cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells in tumor tissues. Meanwhile, the diversity of the gut microbiota and the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Lactobacillus, increased in the combined-treatment mice. In addition, there were significant changes in the levels of serum metabolites associated with the microbiota and anti-tumor effects, including uridine, which was elevated by the combination of anti-PD-1 and LGG-EV treatment. Our findings provide theoretical and mechanistic insights into the development of LGG-EV as postbiotics in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Lu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China.
| | - Zihao Zhao
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China.
| | - Yuheng Guo
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China.
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China.
| | - Peter W Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, AZ 85306, USA
| | - Dechun Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Chongjiang Cao
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China.
| | - Shujie Cheng
- Department of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China.
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25
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Hambo S, Harb H. Extracellular Vesicles and Their Role in Lung Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16139. [PMID: 38003329 PMCID: PMC10671184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung infections are one of the most common causes of death and morbidity worldwide. Both bacterial and viral lung infections cause a vast number of infections with varying severities. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by different cells due to infection in the lung have the ability to modify the immune system, leading to either better immune response or worsening of the disease. It has been shown that both bacteria and viruses have the ability to produce their EVs and stimulate the immune system for that. In this review, we investigate topics from EV biogenesis and types of EVs to lung bacterial and viral infections caused by various bacterial species. Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections are covered intensively in this review. Moreover, various viral lung infections, including SARS-CoV-2 infections, have been depicted extensively. In this review, we focus on eukaryotic-cell-derived EVs as an important component of disease pathogenesis. Finally, this review holds high novelty in its findings and literature review. It represents the first time to cover all different information on immune-cell-derived EVs in both bacterial and viral lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hani Harb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital Dresden, Technical University Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
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26
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Hicks E, Rogers NMK, Hendren CO, Kuehn MJ, Wiesner MR. Extracellular Vesicles and Bacteriophages: New Directions in Environmental Biocolloid Research. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16728-16742. [PMID: 37898880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
There is a long-standing appreciation among environmental engineers and scientists regarding the importance of biologically derived colloidal particles and their environmental fate. This interest has been recently renewed in considering bacteriophages and extracellular vesicles, which are each poised to offer engineers unique insights into fundamental aspects of environmental microbiology and novel approaches for engineering applications, including advances in wastewater treatment and sustainable agricultural practices. Challenges persist due to our limited understanding of interactions between these nanoscale particles with unique surface properties and their local environments. This review considers these biological particles through the lens of colloid science with attention given to their environmental impact and surface properties. We discuss methods developed for the study of inert (nonbiological) particle-particle interactions and the potential to use these to advance our understanding of the environmental fate and transport of extracellular vesicles and bacteriophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Hicks
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Nicholas M K Rogers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Porter School of Earth and Environmental Studies, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Christine Ogilvie Hendren
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Research Institute for Environment, Energy and Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, North Carolina 28608, United States
| | - Meta J Kuehn
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Mark R Wiesner
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Center for the Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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27
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James V, Peters WS. Cell wall is a dead metaphor. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 290:154099. [PMID: 37776572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
It was recently suggested to end the usage of the term cell wall in microbiology (including prokaryotes and fungi) because it represented an inappropriate and potentially misleading metaphor (Casadevall and Gow, 2022). The analysis of the arguments for such a move from the viewpoint of the plant physiologist indicates that the suggestion is based on misunderstandings, first, of the early history of cell biology and its terminology; second, of the development of modern concepts of cell wall function since the late 19th century; and third, of the nature of metaphors and their role in scientific communication. We conclude that misconceptions concerning cell walls may arise due to pedagogical shortcomings in introducing students to our technical terminology rather than from the fact that part of this terminology originated from metaphors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent James
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Winfried S Peters
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; Department of Biology, Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN 46805, USA.
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28
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Huang J, Wang X, Wang Z, Deng L, Wang Y, Tang Y, Luo L, Leung ELH. Extracellular vesicles as a novel mediator of interkingdom communication. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 73:173-184. [PMID: 37634980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized lipid bilayer-delimited particles secreted from almost all types of cells including bacteria, mammals and plants, and are presumed to be mediators of intercellular communication. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are nanoparticles with diverse diameters, ranging from 20 to 400 nm. BEVs are composed of soluble microbial metabolites, including nucleic acid, proteins, lipoglycans, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In addition, EVs may contain quorum sensing peptides that are endowed with the ability to protect bacteria against bacteriophages, form and maintain bacterial communities, and modulate the host immune system. BEVs are potentially promising therapeutic modalities for use in vaccine development, cancer immunotherapy regimens, and drug delivery cargos. Plant-derived EVs (PEVs), such as EVs derived from herbal medicines, can be absorbed by the gut microbiota and influence the composition and homeostasis of gut microbiota. This review highlights the roles of BEVs and PEVs in bacterial and plant physiology and discusses crosstalk among gut bacteria, host metabolism and herbal medicine. In summary, EVs represent crucial communication messengers in the gut microbiota, with potential therapeutic value in the delivery of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumin Huang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universty of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Xuanrun Wang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universty of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ziming Wang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universty of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Liyan Deng
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lianxiang Luo
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, China; The Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China.
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universty of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; MOE Frontiers Science Centre for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao Special Administrative Region of China.
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Sun D, Chen P, Xi Y, Sheng J. From trash to treasure: the role of bacterial extracellular vesicles in gut health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274295. [PMID: 37841244 PMCID: PMC10570811 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) have emerged as critical factors involved in gut health regulation, transcending their traditional roles as byproducts of bacterial metabolism. These vesicles function as cargo carriers and contribute to various aspects of intestinal homeostasis, including microbial balance, antimicrobial peptide secretion, physical barrier integrity, and immune system activation. Therefore, any imbalance in BEV production can cause several gut-related issues including intestinal infection, inflammatory bowel disease, metabolic dysregulation, and even cancer. BEVs derived from beneficial or commensal bacteria can act as potent immune regulators and have been implicated in maintaining gut health. They also show promise for future clinical applications in vaccine development and tumor immunotherapy. This review examines the multifaceted role of BEVs in gut health and disease, and also delves into future research directions and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desen Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Pan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yang Xi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jinghao Sheng
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Mahony J, Bottacini F, van Sinderen D. Towards the diversification of lactococcal starter and non-starter species in mesophilic dairy culture systems. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:1745-1754. [PMID: 37606352 PMCID: PMC10443329 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactococcus is one of the earliest identified fermentative bacterial genera and among its member species, the dairy-associated Lactococcus lactis and Lactococcus cremoris are undoubtedly the best studied. These two species are believed to have evolved from plant-associated lactococci and through genome decay and acquisition of plasmids, have adapted to the dairy niche. The past decade has witnessed a surge of activity in novel lactococcal species identification from insect, plant and animal sources. Currently, 22 Lactococcus species are described and in this review, we summarise the genome characteristics of and phylogenetic relationships among these species. Furthermore, we explore the role of mobile elements including plasmids and bacteriophages in the diversification of lactococcal species. The pace of identification of novel lactococcal species suggests that the number of lactococcal species is likely to continue to grow. With additional sequence data for the emerging species, it will be possible to perform pathogenicity/virulence risk evaluations and generate extensive insights into the niche adaptation strategies through which they have evolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mahony
- School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Francesca Bottacini
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Department of Biological SciencesMunster Technological UniversityCorkIreland
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of MicrobiologyUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- APC Microbiome IrelandUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
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Chaudhary PK, Kim S, Kim S. Shedding Light on the Cell Biology of Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Their Biomedical Applications. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1403. [PMID: 37374185 DOI: 10.3390/life13061403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
EVs are membranous subcellular structures originating from various cells, including platelets which consist of biomolecules that can modify the target cell's pathophysiological functions including inflammation, cell communication, coagulation, and metastasis. EVs, which are known to allow the transmission of a wide range of molecules between cells, are gaining popularity in the fields of subcellular treatment, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. PEVs are the most abundant EVs in circulation, being produced by platelet activation, and are considered to have a significant role in coagulation. PEV cargo is extremely diverse, containing lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and organelles depending on the condition that induced their release and can regulate a wide range of biological activities. PEVs, unlike platelets, can overcome tissue barriers, allowing platelet-derived contents to be transferred to target cells and organs that platelets cannot reach. Their isolation, characterization, and therapeutic efficacy, on the other hand, are poorly understood. This review summarizes the technical elements of PEV isolation and characterization methods as well as the pathophysiological role of PEVs, including therapeutic potential and translational possibility in diverse disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Kumari Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelet Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanggu Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelet Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochong Kim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Platelet Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Han JM, Song HY, Jung JH, Lim S, Seo HS, Kim WS, Lim ST, Byun EB. Deinococcus radiodurans-derived membrane vesicles protect HaCaT cells against H 2O 2-induced oxidative stress via modulation of MAPK and Nrf2/ARE pathways. Biol Proced Online 2023; 25:17. [PMID: 37328878 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-023-00211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deinococcus radiodurans is a robust bacterium that can withstand harsh environments that cause oxidative stress to macromolecules due to its cellular structure and physiological functions. Cells release extracellular vesicles for intercellular communication and the transfer of biological information; their payload reflects the status of the source cells. Yet, the biological role and mechanism of Deinococcus radiodurans-derived extracellular vesicles remain unclear. AIM This study investigated the protective effects of membrane vesicles derived from D. radiodurans (R1-MVs) against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells. RESULTS R1-MVs were identified as 322 nm spherical molecules. Pretreatment with R1-MVs inhibited H2O2-mediated apoptosis in HaCaT cells by suppressing the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. R1-MVs increased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities, restored glutathione (GSH) homeostasis, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) production in H2O2-exposed HaCaT cells. Moreover, the protective effect of R1-MVs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in HaCaT cells was dependent on the downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and the upregulation of the nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. Furthermore, the weaker protective capabilities of R1-MVs derived from ΔDR2577 mutant than that of the wild-type R1-MVs confirmed our inferences and indicated that SlpA protein plays a crucial role in R1-MVs against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. CONCLUSION Taken together, R1-MVs exert significant protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in keratinocytes and have the potential to be applied in radiation-induced oxidative stress models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Moo Han
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Yeon Song
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Seong Seo
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Sik Kim
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Taik Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Baek Byun
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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Murugan R, Subramaniyan S, Priya S, Ragavendran C, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Choi KC, Guru A, Arockiaraj J. Bacterial clearance and anti-inflammatory effect of Withaferin A against human pathogen of Staphylococcus aureus in infected zebrafish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 260:106578. [PMID: 37244123 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance is the most challenging factor for developing a proper drug to treat S. aureus infection. These bacterial pathogens can survive in fresh water and spread to various environments. Plant sources, especially pure compounds, are the material of interest amongst researchers for developing drugs of therapeutic value. Here, we report the bacterial clearance and anti-inflammatory potential of the plant compound Withaferin A, using the zebrafish infection model. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the Withaferin A was calculated as 80 µM against S. aureus. The DAPI/PI staining and scanning electron microscopy analysis showed the pore-forming mechanism of Withaferin A on the bacterial membrane. Along with the antibacterial activity, the results from the tube adherence test reveal the antibiofilm property of Withaferin A. In vivo studies were demonstrated to determine the effect of Withaferin A on survival, inflammatory response and behavioural changes during S. aureus infection. Staining zebrafish larvae with neutral red and Sudan black indicates a substantial decrease in the number of localized macrophages and neutrophils. The gene expression analysis showed the downregulation of inflammatory marker genes. Additionally, we observed the improvement in locomotory behaviour among Withaferin A treatment adult zebrafish. In conclusion, S. aureus can infect zebrafish and induces toxicological effect. In comparison, the results from in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that Withaferin A can be used for synergistic antibacterial, antibiofilm and anti-inflammatory activity to treat infections due S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghul Murugan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Senthil Subramaniyan
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Snega Priya
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India
| | - Chinnasamy Ragavendran
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ki Choon Choi
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Seonghwan-Eup, Cheonan-Si, Chungnam 330-801, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
| | - Jesu Arockiaraj
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu 603 203, India.
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Merchak AR, Wachamo S, Brown LC, Thakur A, Moreau B, Brown RM, Rivet-Noor C, Raghavan T, Gaultier A. Lactobacillus maintains IFNγ homeostasis to promote behavioral stress resilience. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.10.540223. [PMID: 37214985 PMCID: PMC10197651 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.10.540223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome consists of the trillions of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that inhabit the digestive tract. These communities are sensitive to disruption from environmental exposures ranging from diet changes to illness. Disruption of the community of lactic acid producing bacteria, Lactobaccillacea , has been well documented in mood disorders and stress exposure. In fact, oral supplement with many Lactobacillus species can ameliorate these effects, preventing depression- and anxiety-like behavior. Here, for the first time, we utilize a gnotobiotic mouse colonized with the Altered Schaedler Flora to remove the two native species of Lactobaccillacea . Using this novel microbial community, we found that the Lactobacillus species themselves, and not the disrupted microbial communities are protective from environmental stressors. Further, we determine that Lactobaccillacea are maintaining homeostatic IFNγ levels which are mediating these behavioral and circuit level responses. By utilizing the Altered Schaedler Flora, we have gained new insight into how probiotics influence behavior and give novel methods to study potential therapies developed to treat mood disorders.
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35
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Choi Y, Park HS, Kim YK. Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles: A Candidate Molecule for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic Diseases. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2023; 15:279-289. [PMID: 37188485 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2023.15.3.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an end product released from almost all living cells such as eukaryotic cells and bacteria. These membrane vesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are mainly involved in intracellular communications through the transfer of their components from donor to acceptor cells. Moreover, EVs have been implicated in many functions in response to environmental changes, contributing to health and disease; bacterial EVs depending on their specific parental bacterium have diverse effects on immune responses to play a beneficial or pathogenic role in patients with various allergic and immunologic diseases. As bacterial EVs are a completely new area of investigation in this field, we highlight our current understanding of bacterial EVs and discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic potentials (as immunomodulators) for targeting asthma and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Choi
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Sim Park
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
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Tian CM, Yang MF, Xu HM, Zhu MZ, Zhang Y, Yao J, Wang LS, Liang YJ, Li DF. Emerging role of bacterial outer membrane vesicle in gastrointestinal tract. Gut Pathog 2023; 15:20. [PMID: 37106359 PMCID: PMC10133921 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-023-00543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria form a highly complex ecosystem in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In recent years, mounting evidence has shown that bacteria can release nanoscale phospholipid bilayer particles that encapsulate nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other molecules. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted by microorganisms and can transport a variety of important factors, such as virulence factors, antibiotics, HGT, and defensive factors produced by host eukaryotic cells. In addition, these EVs are vital in facilitating communication between microbiota and the host. Therefore, bacterial EVs play a crucial role in maintaining the GI tract's health and proper functioning. In this review, we outlined the structure and composition of bacterial EVs. Additionally, we highlighted the critical role that bacterial EVs play in immune regulation and in maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota. To further elucidate progress in the field of intestinal research and to provide a reference for future EV studies, we also discussed the clinical and pharmacological potential of bacterial EVs, as well as the necessary efforts required to understand the mechanisms of interaction between bacterial EVs and gut pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Mei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Feng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao-Ming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Zheng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No.1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No.1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Jie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning Hospital, No.1080, Cuizu Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), No.1017, Dongmen North Road, Luohu District, Shenzhen, 518020, People's Republic of China.
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37
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Dietary-Derived Exosome-like Nanoparticles as Bacterial Modulators: Beyond MicroRNAs. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051265. [PMID: 36904264 PMCID: PMC10005434 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that food is an important factor that influences the composition of the gut microbiota. Usually, all the attention has been focused on nutrients such as lipids, proteins, vitamins, or polyphenols. However, a pivotal role in these processes has been linked to dietary-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (DELNs). While food macro- and micronutrient composition are largely well established, there is considerable interest in these DELNs and their cargoes. In this sense, traditionally, all the attention was focused on the proteins or miRNAs contained in these vesicles. However, it has been shown that DELNs would also carry other bioactive molecules with a key role in regulating biochemical pathways and/or interactions with the host's gut microbiome affecting intracellular communication. Due to the scarce literature, it is necessary to compile the current knowledge about the antimicrobial capacity of DELNs and its possible molecular mechanisms that will serve as a starting point. For this reason, in this review, we highlight the impact of DENLs on different bacteria species modulating the host gut microbiota or antibacterial properties. It could be concluded that DELNs, isolated from both plant and animal foods, exert gut microbiota modulation. However, the presence of miRNA in the vesicle cargoes is not the only one responsible for this effect. Lipids present in the DELNs membrane or small molecules packed in may also be responsible for apoptosis signaling, inhibition, or growth promoters.
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38
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MacNair CR, Tan MW. The role of bacterial membrane vesicles in antibiotic resistance. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1519:63-73. [PMID: 36415037 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial survival during antibiotic exposure is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon. On top of antibiotic resistance genes, biofilm formation, and persister tolerance, bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) provide a layer of protection that has been largely overlooked. MVs are spherical nanoparticles composed of lipid membranes and are common to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Although the importance of MVs in bacterial pathogenesis and virulence factor transport has been firmly established, a growing body of work now identifies MVs as key contributors to bacterial survival during antibiotic exposure. Herein, we highlight the ability of MVs to reduce antibiotic efficacy and transmit resistance elements. We also discuss the potential of targeting MV production as an unconventional therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R MacNair
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Man-Wah Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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39
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Krohmaly KI, Freishtat RJ, Hahn AL. Bioinformatic and experimental methods to identify and validate bacterial RNA-human RNA interactions. J Investig Med 2023; 71:23-31. [PMID: 36162901 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2022-002509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ample evidence supports the importance of the microbiota on human health and disease. Recent studies suggest that extracellular vesicles are an important means of bacterial-host communication, in part via the transport of small RNAs (sRNAs). Bacterial sRNAs have been shown to co-precipitate with human and mouse RNA-induced silencing complex, hinting that some may regulate gene expression as eukaryotic microRNAs do. Bioinformatic tools, including those that can incorporate an sRNA's secondary structure, can be used to predict interactions between bacterial sRNAs and human messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Validation of these potential interactions using reproducible experimental methods is essential to move the field forward. This review will cover the evidence of interspecies communication via sRNAs, bioinformatic tools currently available to identify potential bacterial sRNA-host (specifically, human) mRNA interactions, and experimental methods to identify and validate those interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie I Krohmaly
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Robert J Freishtat
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Andrea L Hahn
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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40
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Olchowik-Grabarek E, Sękowski S, Kwiatek A, Płaczkiewicz J, Abdulladjanova N, Shlyonsky V, Swiecicka I, Zamaraeva M. The Structural Changes in the Membranes of Staphylococcus aureus Caused by Hydrolysable Tannins Witness Their Antibacterial Activity. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1124. [PMID: 36363679 PMCID: PMC9698758 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, including tannins, are phytochemicals with pronounced antimicrobial properties. We studied the activity of two hydrolysable tannins, (i) gallotannin-1,2,3,4,5-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PGG) and (ii) ellagitannin-1,2-di-O-galloyl-4,6-valoneoyl-β-D-glucose (dGVG), applied alone and in combination with antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus strain 8324-4. We also evaluated the effect of these tannins on bacterial membrane integrity and fluidity and studied their interaction with membrane proteins and lipids. A correlation between the antimicrobial activity of the tannins and their membranotropic action depending on the tannin molecular structure has been demonstrated. We found that the antibacterial activity of PGG was stronger than dGVG, which can be associated with its larger flexibility, dipole moment, and hydrophobicity. In addition, we also noted the membrane effects of the tannins observed as an increase in the size of released bacterial membrane vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Olchowik-Grabarek
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Szymon Sękowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kwiatek
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jagoda Płaczkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nodira Abdulladjanova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100143, Uzbekistan
| | - Vadim Shlyonsky
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Izabela Swiecicka
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Zamaraeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
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41
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Casadevall A, Gow NA. Ending the (Cell) wall metaphor in microbiology. Cell Surf 2022; 8:100087. [PMID: 36405351 PMCID: PMC9668729 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcsw.2022.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
•The outer surfaces of fungi and bacteria are highly dynamic, flexible, regulated and adaptable structures.•The term "cell wall" is conceptually limiting and insufficient to adequately describe the outer surface of bacteria and fungi.•The Greek term plégma or in Latin word "reticulum" better capture the nature of the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Casadevall
- School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins, Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA,Corresponding authors.
| | - Neil A.R. Gow
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK,Corresponding authors.
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42
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Suri K, D'Souza A, Huang D, Bhavsar A, Amiji M. Bacterial extracellular vesicle applications in cancer immunotherapy. Bioact Mater 2022; 22:551-566. [PMID: 36382022 PMCID: PMC9637733 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer therapy is undergoing a paradigm shift toward immunotherapy focusing on various approaches to activate the host immune system. As research to identify appropriate immune cells and activate anti-tumor immunity continues to expand, scientists are looking at microbial sources given their inherent ability to elicit an immune response. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are actively studied to control systemic humoral and cellular immune responses instead of using whole microorganisms or other types of extracellular vesicles (EVs). BEVs also provide the opportunity as versatile drug delivery carriers. Unlike mammalian EVs, BEVs have already made it to the clinic with the meningococcal vaccine (Bexsero®). However, there are still many unanswered questions in the use of BEVs, especially for chronic systemically administered immunotherapies. In this review, we address the opportunities and challenges in the use of BEVs for cancer immunotherapy and provide an outlook towards development of BEV products that can ultimately translate to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Suri
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anisha D'Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 20115, USA
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 20115, USA
| | - Aashray Bhavsar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mansoor Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA,Corresponding author. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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43
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Díaz-Godínez C, Ríos-Valencia DG, García-Aguirre S, Martínez-Calvillo S, Carrero JC. Immunomodulatory effect of extracellular vesicles from Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites: Regulation of NETs and respiratory burst during confrontation with human neutrophils. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1018314. [PMID: 36389143 PMCID: PMC9650183 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1018314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasites release extracellular vesicles (EVs) which, in some cases, modulate the host's immune response contributing to the establishment of the infection. In this work we have isolated and characterized the EVs released by trophozoites of the human protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, the causal agent of amoebiasis, when alone or in coculture with human neutrophils, and determined their effect on neutrophil NETs and ROS production. Nanoparticle tracking analysis showed that amoebic EVs are variable in size, ranging from less than 50 nm to nearly 600 nm in diameter (average of 167 nm), whereas neutrophil EVs are more uniform in size, with an average of 136 nm. In cocultures amoeba:neutrophil (1:100) most EVs are 98 nm in size, which is the typical size of exosomes. EVs from amoebae and neutrophils showed almost equal levels of ROS, which were considerably increased in EVs from cocultures. Uptake of amoebic EVs by neutrophils was demonstrated by fluorescence and resulted in a significant reduction in the oxidative burst and NET release triggered by PMA, ionophore A23187, or the amoebae itself used as stimuli. Interestingly, uptake of EVs from cocultures did not affect ROS production, but instead caused a greater delay in the onset of NETs release and in their quantity. A comparative proteomic analysis between the EVs of amoebae and neutrophils separately vs the cocultures showed a similar distribution of protein categories in the GO analysis, but differences in the expression and abundance of proteins such as the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) inhibitable surface lectin and calreticulin in amoeba EVs, and various antimicrobial molecules in neutrophil EVs, such as lactoferrin and myeloperoxidase. These results highlight the importance of EVs in the immunomodulatory effects exerted by amoeba on human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Díaz-Godínez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diana G. Ríos-Valencia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Samuel García-Aguirre
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Santiago Martínez-Calvillo
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, EM, Mexico
| | - Julio César Carrero
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, Mexico
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44
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Daou Y, Falabrègue M, Pourzand C, Peyssonnaux C, Edeas M. Host and microbiota derived extracellular vesicles: Crucial players in iron homeostasis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:985141. [PMID: 36314015 PMCID: PMC9606470 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.985141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a double-edged sword. It is vital for all that’s living, yet its deficiency or overload can be fatal. In humans, iron homeostasis is tightly regulated at both cellular and systemic levels. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), now known as major players in cellular communication, potentially play an important role in regulating iron metabolism. The gut microbiota was also recently reported to impact the iron metabolism process and indirectly participate in regulating iron homeostasis, yet there is no proof of whether or not microbiota-derived EVs interfere in this relationship. In this review, we discuss the implication of EVs on iron metabolism and homeostasis. We elaborate on the blooming role of gut microbiota in iron homeostasis while focusing on the possible EVs contribution. We conclude that EVs are extensively involved in the complex iron metabolism process; they carry ferritin and express transferrin receptors. Bone marrow-derived EVs even induce hepcidin expression in β-thalassemia. The gut microbiota, in turn, affects iron homeostasis on the level of iron absorption and possibly macrophage iron recycling, with still no proof of the interference of EVs. This review is the first step toward understanding the multiplex iron metabolism process. Targeting extracellular vesicles and gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles will be a huge challenge to treat many diseases related to iron metabolism alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Daou
- International Society of Microbiota, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marion Falabrègue
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom,Medicines Development, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Carole Peyssonnaux
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Marvin Edeas
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Marvin Edeas,
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45
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Michel LV, Gaborski T. Outer Membrane Vesicles as Molecular Biomarkers for Gram-negative Sepsis: Taking Advantage of Nature's Perfect Packages. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102483. [PMID: 36108741 PMCID: PMC9576880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an often life-threatening response to infection, occurring when host pro-inflammatory immune responses become abnormally elevated and dysregulated. To diagnose sepsis, the patient must have a confirmed or predicted infection, as well as other symptoms associated with the pathophysiology of sepsis. However, a recent study found that a specific causal organism could not be determined in the majority (70.1%) of sepsis cases, likely due to aggressive antibiotics or localized infections. The timing of a patient's sepsis diagnosis is often predictive of their clinical outcome, underlining the need for a more definitive molecular diagnostic test. Here, we outline the advantages and challenges to using bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), nanoscale spherical buds derived from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, as a diagnostic biomarker for Gram-negative sepsis. Advantages include OMV abundance, their robustness in the presence of antibiotics, and their unique features derived from their parent cell that could allow for differentiation between bacterial species. Challenges include the rigorous purification methods required to isolate OMVs from complex biofluids and the additional need to separate OMVs from similarly-sized extracellular vesicles, which can share physical properties with OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Vacca Michel
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA.
| | - Thomas Gaborski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York, USA
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46
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Immunological Effects of Aster yomena Callus-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Therapeutic Agents against Allergic Asthma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182805. [PMID: 36139376 PMCID: PMC9497061 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles, (EVs), have recently gained attention as potential therapeutic candidates. However, the varying properties of plants that are dependent on their growth conditions, and the unsustainable production of plant-derived EVs hinder drug development. Herein, we analyzed the secondary metabolites of Aster yomena callus-derived EVs (AYC-EVs) obtained via plant tissue cultures and performed an immune functional assay to assess the potential therapeutic effects of AYC-EVs against inflammatory diseases. AYC-EVs, approximately 225 nm in size, were isolated using tangential flow filtration (TFF) and cushioned ultracentrifugation. Metabolomic analysis, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS), revealed that AYC-EVs contained 17 major metabolites. AYC-EVs inhibited the phenotypic and functional maturation of LPS-treated dendritic cells (DCs). Furthermore, LPS-treated DCs exposed to AYC-EVs showed decreased immunostimulatory capacity during induction of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation and activation. AYC-EVs inhibited T-cell reactions associated with the etiology of asthma in asthmatic mouse models and improved various symptoms of asthma. This regulatory effect of AYC-EVs resembled that of dexamethasone, which is currently used to treat inflammatory diseases. These results provide a foundation for the development of plant-derived therapeutic agents for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, as well as providing an insight into the possible mechanisms of action of AYC-EVs.
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47
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Sahu SR, Bose S, Singh M, Kumari P, Dutta A, Utkalaja BG, Patel SK, Acharya N. Vaccines against candidiasis: Status, challenges and emerging opportunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1002406. [PMID: 36061876 PMCID: PMC9433539 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1002406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Candidiasis is a mycosis caused by opportunistic Candida species. The occurrence of fungal infections has considerably increased in the last few years primarily due to an increase in the number of immune-suppressed individuals. Alarming bloodstream infections due to Candida sp. are associated with a higher rate of morbidity and mortality, and are emerged as major healthcare concerns worldwide. Currently, chemotherapy is the sole available option for combating fungal diseases. Moreover, the emergence of resistance to these limited available anti-fungal drugs has further accentuated the concern and highlighted the need for early detection of fungal infections, identification of novel antifungal drug targets, and development of effective therapeutics and prophylactics. Thus, there is an increasing interest in developing safe and potent immune-based therapeutics to tackle fungal diseases. In this context, vaccine design and its development have a priority. Nonetheless, despite significant advances in immune and vaccine biology over time, a viable commercialized vaccine remains awaited against fungal infections. In this minireview, we enumerate various concerted efforts made till date towards the development of anti-Candida vaccines, an option with pan-fugal vaccine, vaccines in the clinical trial, challenges, and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satya Ranjan Sahu
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional center of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Swagata Bose
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Manish Singh
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Premlata Kumari
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional center of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Abinash Dutta
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Bhabasha Gyanadeep Utkalaja
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional center of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Shraddheya Kumar Patel
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- Regional center of Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Narottam Acharya
- Laboratory of Genomic Instability and Diseases, Department of Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India
- *Correspondence: Narottam Acharya, ;
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48
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Zhou Q, Ma K, Hu H, Xing X, Huang X, Gao H. Extracellular vesicles: Their functions in plant-pathogen interactions. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:760-771. [PMID: 34873812 PMCID: PMC9104264 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are rounded vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane, released by eukaryotic cells and by bacteria. They carry various types of bioactive substances, including nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Depending on their cargo, EVs have a variety of well-studied functions in mammalian systems, including cell-to-cell communication, cancer progression, and pathogenesis. In contrast, EVs in plant cells (which have rigid walls) have received very little research attention for many decades. Increasing evidence during the past decade indicates that both plant cells and plant pathogens are able to produce and secrete EVs, and that such EVs play key roles in plant-pathogen interactions. Plant EVs contains small RNAs (sRNAs) and defence-related proteins, and may be taken up by pathogenic fungi, resulting in reduced virulence. On the other hand, EVs released by gram-negative bacteria contain a wide variety of effectors and small molecules capable of activating plant immune responses via pattern-recognition receptor- and BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE- and SUPPRESSOR OF BIR1-mediated signalling pathways, and salicylic acid-dependent and -independent processes. The roles of EVs in plant-pathogen interactions are summarized in this review, with emphasis on important molecules (sRNAs, proteins) present in plant EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Zhou
- College of Biology and FoodShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiuChina
| | - Kang Ma
- College of Biology and FoodShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiuChina
| | - Huanhuan Hu
- School of Life Sciences and TechnologiesSanquan College of Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiangChina
| | - Xiaolong Xing
- College of Biology and FoodShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiuChina
| | - Xuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education)Provincial Key Laboratory of BiotechnologyCollege of Life SciencesNorthwest UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Hang Gao
- College of Biology and FoodShangqiu Normal UniversityShangqiuChina
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49
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Different Cutibacterium acnes Phylotypes Release Distinct Extracellular Vesicles. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105797. [PMID: 35628607 PMCID: PMC9147970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) perform various biological functions, including those that are critical to microbes. Determination of EVs composition allows for a deep understanding of their role in the bacterial community and communication among them. Cutibacterium acnes, formerly Propionibacterium acnes, are commensal bacteria responsible for various infections, e.g., prosthesis, sarcoidosis, soft-tissue infections, and the most known but still controversial—acnes lesion. In C. acnes, three major phylotypes represented variable disease associations. Herein, for the first time, we present a comparative analysis of EVs obtained from three C. acnes phylotypes (IA1, IB, and II) to demonstrate the existence of differences in their protein and lipid composition. In the following work, the morphological analysis of EVs was performed, and the SDS-PAGE protein profile and the lipid profile were presented using the TLC and MALDI-TOF MS methods. This study allowed us to show major differences between the protein and lipid composition of C. acnes EVs. This is a clear indication that EVs released by different phylotypes of the one species are not identical to each other in terms of composition and should be separately analyzed each time to obtain reliable results.
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50
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Morishita M, Sagayama R, Yamawaki Y, Yamaguchi M, Katsumi H, Yamamoto A. Activation of Host Immune Cells by Probiotic-Derived Extracellular Vesicles via TLR2-Mediated Signaling Pathways. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:354-359. [PMID: 35228401 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Since probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are capable of activating innate immunity, they are expected to be useful as novel adjuvants. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the immunostimulatory effects of EVs released from probiotic cells, we newly investigated the role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and immune cell downstream signaling in the generation of proinflammatory cytokines. Isolated Bifidobacterium- and Lactobacillus-derived EVs expressed peptidoglycan, one of the major pathogen-associated molecular patterns. EVs particle diameter were approximately 110-120 nm with a negative-zeta potential. The generation of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in TLR2-expressing mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells and mouse dendritic DC2.4 cells treated with Bifidobacterium- and Lactobacillus-derived EVs decreased after the addition of T2.5, a TLR2 inhibitory antibody. Furthermore, we showed that the signaling pathways of c-Jun-NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) were also involved in the production of proinflammatory cytokines from EV-treated immune cells. These results provide valuable information for understanding of the host biological function induced by probiotic-derived EVs, which is helpful for developing an EV-based immunotherapeutic system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Risa Sagayama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | - Yuta Yamawaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
| | | | | | - Akira Yamamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University
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