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Quetglas-Llabrés MM, Monserrat-Mesquida M, Bouzas C, García S, Mateos D, Ugarriza L, Gómez C, Sureda A, Tur JA. Long-Term Impact of Nutritional Intervention with Increased Polyphenol Intake and Physical Activity Promotion on Oxidative and Inflammatory Profiles in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2024; 16:2121. [PMID: 38999869 PMCID: PMC11243639 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight pose significant risks to health, contributing to the prevalence of chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The current study aimed to assess the impact of a 6-year nutritional and lifestyle intervention on oxidative and inflammatory markers in individuals aged 55 to 75, specifically those at high risk of CVD. A study was carried out in a group of 80 participants with metabolic syndrome (MetS) residing in Mallorca, Spain, who underwent nutritional intervention based on a low-calorie Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and promotion of physical activity. Before and after the intervention, several parameters including anthropometric data, haematological factors, blood pressure, and physical activity level were measured. Oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in plasma were analysed. After the 6-year intervention, participants who managed to reduce their body mass index (BMI) had greater reductions in abdominal obesity, waist to heigh ratio (WHtR), diastolic blood pressure, and glucose levels, and increased high density protein cholesterol (HDL-c) compared to those who did not reduce BMI. This higher reduction in BMI was related to reduced energy intake and increased adherence to MedDiet, with greater polyphenol intake, and total physical activity (PA). Furthermore, improvements in oxidative stress and proinflammatory status were observed in participants who reduced their BMI. Significant reductions in the activity of the prooxidant enzyme, myeloperoxidase (MPO), levels of the lipid oxidation marker, malondialdehyde (MDA), and the proinflammatory chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1,) were found in those who reduced their BMI. In contrast, participants who did not improve their BMI exhibited higher levels of proinflammatory markers such as MCP-1 and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), as well as increased activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT). Current findings suggest that an effective way to reduce BMI is a hypocaloric MedDiet combined with tailored physical activity to improve oxidative stress and proinflammatory status, and potentially reducing the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Bouzas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia García
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Mateos
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucía Ugarriza
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Gómez
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Clinical Analysis Service, University Hospital Son Espases, 07198 Palma, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands-IUNICS, 07122 Palma, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma, Spain
- Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Pasupuleti SK, Kapur R. The impact of obesity-induced inflammation on clonal hematopoiesis. Curr Opin Hematol 2024; 31:193-198. [PMID: 38640133 PMCID: PMC11197996 DOI: 10.1097/moh.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review meticulously delves into existing literature and recent findings to elucidate the intricate link between obesity and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) associated clonal hematopoiesis. It aims to enhance our comprehension of this multifaceted association, offering insights into potential avenues for future research and therapeutic interventions. RECENT FINDINGS Recent insights reveal that mutations in CHIP-associated genes are not limited to symptomatic patients but are also present in asymptomatic individuals. This section focuses on the impact of obesity-induced inflammation and fatty bone marrow (FBM) on the development of CHIP-associated diseases. Common comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and infection, fostering pro-inflammatory environments, play a pivotal role in the acceleration of these pathologies. Our research underscores a notable association between CHIP and an increased waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), emphasizing the link between obesity and myeloid leukemia. Recent studies highlight a strong correlation between obesity and myeloid leukemias in both children and adults, with increased risks and poorer survival outcomes in overweight individuals. SUMMARY We discuss recent insights into how CHIP-associated pathologies respond to obesity-induced inflammation, offering implications for future studies in the intricate field of clonal hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Varra FN, Varras M, Varra VK, Theodosis-Nobelos P. Molecular and pathophysiological relationship between obesity and chronic inflammation in the manifestation of metabolic dysfunctions and their inflammation‑mediating treatment options (Review). Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:95. [PMID: 38606791 PMCID: PMC11025031 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2024.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity reaches up to epidemic proportions globally and increases the risk for a wide spectrum of co‑morbidities, including type‑2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, kidney diseases, respiratory disorders, sleep apnea, musculoskeletal disorders and osteoarthritis, subfertility, psychosocial problems and certain types of cancers. The underlying inflammatory mechanisms interconnecting obesity with metabolic dysfunction are not completely understood. Increased adiposity promotes pro‑inflammatory polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, in adipose tissue (AT), with subsequent increased production of pro‑inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, inducing therefore an overall, systemic, low‑grade inflammation, which contributes to metabolic syndrome (MetS), insulin resistance (IR) and T2DM. Targeting inflammatory mediators could be alternative therapies to treat obesity, but their safety and efficacy remains to be studied further and confirmed in future clinical trials. The present review highlights the molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms by which the chronic low‑grade inflammation in AT and the production of reactive oxygen species lead to MetS, IR and T2DM. In addition, focus is given on the role of anti‑inflammatory agents, in the resolution of chronic inflammation, through the blockade of chemotactic factors, such as monocytes chemotractant protein‑1, and/or the blockade of pro‑inflammatory mediators, such as IL‑1β, TNF‑α, visfatin, and plasminogen activator inhibitor‑1, and/or the increased synthesis of adipokines, such as adiponectin and apelin, in obesity‑associated metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fani-Niki Varra
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus
- Medical School, Dimocritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Michail Varras
- Fourth Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ‘Elena Venizelou’ General Hospital, Athens 11521, Greece
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Meyer M, Schwärzler J, Jukic A, Tilg H. Innate Immunity and MASLD. Biomolecules 2024; 14:476. [PMID: 38672492 PMCID: PMC11048298 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has emerged as the most common liver disease worldwide in recent years. MASLD commonly presents as simple hepatic steatosis, but ~25% of patients develop liver inflammation, progressive fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and related hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver inflammation and the degree of fibrosis are key determinants of the prognosis. The pathophysiology of liver inflammation is incompletely understood and involves diverse factors and specifically innate and adaptive immune responses. More specifically, diverse mediators of innate immunity such as proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines, inflammasomes and various cell types like mononuclear cells, macrophages and natural killer cells are involved in directing the inflammatory process in MASLD. The activation of innate immunity is driven by various factors including excess lipids and lipotoxicity, insulin resistance and molecular patterns derived from gut commensals. Targeting pathways of innate immunity might therefore appear as an attractive therapeutic strategy in the future management of MASLD and possibly its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.M.); (A.J.)
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Shi B, Zhang Z, Xing J, Liu Q, Cai J, Zhang Z. Perfluorooctane sulfonate causes pyroptosis and lipid metabolism disorders through ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in grass carp hepatocyte. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 267:106839. [PMID: 38228041 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The surfactant perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is widely produced worldwide. It is a persistent organic pollutant in the aquatic environment and poses a serious threat to aquatic organisms, as PFOS exposure can cause liver injury in a wide range of organisms. However, it is unclear whether PFOS exposure-induced hepatocellular injury in fish is associated with ROS-mediated activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. In this study, various PFOS concentrations were applied to L8824 cells, a cell line of grass carp hepatocytes. The detrimental impacts of PFOS on oxidative stress, pyroptosis, lipid metabolism, and the discharge of inflammatory factors were examined. MCC950 and N-acetylcysteine were employed to hinder the PFOS-stimulated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species in L8824 cells, respectively. This study demonstrated that treatment with PFOS resulted in oxidative stress and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in L8824 cells. This led to increased expression levels of indicators related to pyroptosis, accompanied by the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine expression as well as downregulation of anti-inflammatory factors. In addition, following PFOS exposure, the expression levels of genes related to lipid synthesis were upregulated and lipid catabolism-related genes were downregulated. Surprisingly, both N-acetylcysteine and MCC950 interventions significantly reduced PFOS-induced L8824 cell pyroptosis and lipid metabolism disorders. In conclusion, this research demonstrated that PFOS drives NLRP3 inflammasome activation through oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species overload. This in turn leads to pyroptosis and lipid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendong Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Zhuoqi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jiao Xing
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Qiaohan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jingzeng Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Kosovski IB, Bacârea V, Ghiga D, Ciurea CN, Cucoranu DC, Hutanu A, Bacârea A. Exploring the Link between Inflammatory Biomarkers and Adipometrics in Healthy Young Adults Aged 20-35 Years. Nutrients 2024; 16:257. [PMID: 38257150 PMCID: PMC10819707 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and aging are associated with an inflammatory state, which represents the common background for a wide range of diseases. This study aims to explore the correlation between hsCRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and white blood cell count (WBC) and adipometrics (arm, waist, and hip circumferences: AC, WC, HC; total body fat mass: TBFM, visceral fat level: VFL, body mass index: BMI; waist/hip ratio: WHR; waist/height ratio: WHtR) in young and healthy adults aged 20-35 years old. The subjects were divided by BMI into the overweight/obesity (OW/OB) group and normal weight (NW) group, and by hsCRP level into Group 1 (<1 mg/L), Group 2 (≥1-2.99 mg/L), and Group 3 (≥3 mg/L). The concentration of all inflammatory biomarkers was significantly higher in the OW/OB group compared to the NW group, with the exception of IL-1β. Significant positive correlations were found between hsCRP, TNF-α, WBC, and all adipometrics; between IL-6 and WHR, WHtR, BMI, TBFM, and VFL; and between IFN-γ and HC, BMI, and TBFM. IL-1β correlates positively with WHR and VFL. In Groups 1-3, all the differences between the adipometrics showed significant differences. Subclinical inflammation persists in association with being overweight and obese in healthy young adults aged 20-35 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Bianca Kosovski
- Department of Pathophysiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (I.B.K.); (A.B.)
- Doctoral School, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania
| | - Vladimir Bacârea
- Department of Research Methodology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Dana Ghiga
- Department of Research Methodology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea
- Department of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | | | - Adina Hutanu
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania;
| | - Anca Bacârea
- Department of Pathophysiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540139 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (I.B.K.); (A.B.)
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DiSabato DJ, Marion CM, Mifflin KA, Alfredo AN, Rodgers KA, Kigerl KA, Popovich PG, McTigue DM. System failure: Systemic inflammation following spinal cord injury. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250274. [PMID: 37822141 PMCID: PMC10919103 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) affects hundreds of thousands of people in the United States, and while some effects of the injury are broadly recognized (deficits to locomotion, fine motor control, and quality of life), the systemic consequences of SCI are less well-known. The spinal cord regulates systemic immunological and visceral functions; this control is often disrupted by the injury, resulting in viscera including the gut, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and kidneys experiencing local tissue inflammation and physiological dysfunction. The extent of pathology depends on the injury level, severity, and time post-injury. In this review, we describe immunological and metabolic consequences of SCI across several organs. Since infection and metabolic disorders are primary reasons for reduced lifespan after SCI, it is imperative that research continues to focus on these deleterious aspects of SCI to improve life span and quality of life for individuals with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon J. DiSabato
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Christina M. Marion
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine A. Mifflin
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Anthony N. Alfredo
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyleigh A. Rodgers
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristina A. Kigerl
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Phillip G. Popovich
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Dana M. McTigue
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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8
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Tilg H, Fumery M, Hedin CRH. Does cardiovascular risk matter in IBD patients? J Intern Med 2023; 294:708-720. [PMID: 37899299 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and thromboembolic risks are increasing in the population as a whole and therefore also in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Obesity is a worldwide challenge also affecting the IBD population, and a causal association with Crohn's disease may exist. IBD itself, particularly when active, is also associated with a significant risk of thromboembolic and cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Cardiovascular risk is also a significant consideration when using Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors and sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) receptor modulators to treat IBD. JAK inhibitors - such as tofacitinib - are associated with several cardiovascular and venous thromboembolic risks, including hypertension and alterations in lipid profiles - specifically, increased LDL cholesterol and triglycerides - which may contribute to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. S1P receptor modulators pose a slightly different set of cardiovascular risks. Initially, these drugs can cause transient bradycardia and atrioventricular (AV) block, leading to bradycardia. Moreover, they may induce QT interval prolongation, which increases the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias such as torsades de pointes. Some patients may also experience hypertension as a side effect. In this context, IBD healthcare providers need to be alert to the assessment of cardiovascular risk - particularly as cardiovascular events appear to be confined to specific patient groups with pre-existing risk factors. In addition, the potential for S1P modulator drug interactions requires a higher level of vigilance in patients with polypharmacy compared to biologics. Cardiovascular risk is not static, and updated assessment will need to become part of the routine in many IBD units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mathurin Fumery
- Gastroenterology Unit, Peritox UMR I-0I, Amiens University and Hospital, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Charlotte R H Hedin
- Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Gastroenterology unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Bissonnette S, Lamantia V, Ouimet B, Cyr Y, Devaux M, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Chrétien M, Saleh M, Faraj M. Native low-density lipoproteins are priming signals of the NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1β pathway in human adipose tissue and macrophages. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18848. [PMID: 37914804 PMCID: PMC10620147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated plasma numbers of atherogenic apoB-lipoproteins (apoB), mostly as low-density lipoproteins (LDL), predict diabetes risk by unclear mechanisms. Upregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome/interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) system in white adipose tissue (WAT) is implicated in type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, metabolic signals that stimulate it remain unexplored. We hypothesized that (1) subjects with high-apoB have higher WAT IL-1β-secretion than subjects with low-apoB, (2) WAT IL-1β-secretion is associated with T2D risk factors, and (3) LDL prime and/or activate the WAT NLRP3 inflammasome. Forty non-diabetic subjects were assessed for T2D risk factors related to systemic and WAT glucose and fat metabolism. Regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome was explored using LDL without/with the inflammasome's priming and activation controls (LPS and ATP). LDL induced IL1B-expression and IL-1β-secretion in the presence of ATP in WAT and macrophages. Subjects with high-apoB had higher WAT IL-1β-secretion independently of covariates. The direction of association of LDL-induced WAT IL-1β-secretion to T2D risk factors was consistently pathological in high-apoB subjects only. Adjustment for IL-1β-secretion eliminated the association of plasma apoB with T2D risk factors. In conclusion, subjects with high-apoB have higher WAT IL-1β-secretion that may explain their risk for T2D and may be related to LDL-induced priming of the NLRP3 inflammasome.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04496154): Omega-3 to Reduce Diabetes Risk in Subjects With High Number of Particles That Carry "Bad Cholesterol" in the Blood-Full Text View-ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bissonnette
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Lamantia
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ouimet
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Yannick Cyr
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Devaux
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Remi Rabasa-Lhoret
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Chrétien
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Maya Saleh
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - May Faraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Office 1770.2, 110, Avenue Des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC, H2W 1R7, Canada.
- Montréal Diabetes Research Center (MDRC), Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Salem GA, Mohamed AAR, Khater SI, Noreldin AE, Alosaimi M, Alansari WS, Shamlan G, Eskandrani AA, Awad MM, El-Shaer RAA, Nassan MA, Mostafa M, Khamis T. Enhancement of biochemical and genomic pathways through lycopene-loaded nano-liposomes: Alleviating insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and autophagy in obese rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Involvement of SMO, GLI-1, and PTCH-1 genes. Gene 2023; 883:147670. [PMID: 37516284 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is a prevalent hepatic disorder of global significance that can give rise to severe complications. This research endeavor delves into the potential of nano-liposomal formulated Lycopene (Lip-Lyco) in averting the development of obesity and insulin resistance, both of which are major underlying factors contributing to NAFL. The investigation further scrutinizes the impact of Lip-Lyco on intricate cellular pathways within the liver tissue of rats induced with NAFL, specifically focusing on the progression of steatosis and fibrosis. To establish an obesity-NAFL model, twenty rats were subjected to a high-fat diet (HFD) for a duration of twelve weeks, after which they received an oral treatment of Lip-Lyco (10mg/kg) for an additional eight weeks. Another group of sixteen non-obese rats were subjected to treatment with or without Lip-Lyco, serving as a control for comparison. Results: The rats on a hypercaloric diet had high body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance, reflected in disturbed serum adipokines and lipid profiles. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were evident in hepatic tissue, and the autophagic process in hepatocytes was inhibited. Additionally, the hedgehog pathway was activated in the liver tissue of NAFL group. Lip-Lyco was found to counteract all these aspects of NAFL pathogenesis. Lip-Lyco exhibited antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, antiapoptotic, autophagy-inducing, and Hedgehog signaling inhibitory effects. This study concludes that Lip-Lyco, a natural compound, has promising therapeutic potential in combating NAFLdisease. However, more experimental and clinical studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of lycopene in treating NAFLdisease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal A Salem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Safaa I Khater
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Manal Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa S Alansari
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej A Eskandrani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Taibah University, Medina 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marwa Mahmoud Awad
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed A Nassan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, PO Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Tarek Khamis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt; Laboratory of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
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11
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Tilg H, Byrne CD, Targher G. NASH drug treatment development: challenges and lessons. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 8:943-954. [PMID: 37597527 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00159-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Although NAFLD is tightly linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes, this liver disease also affects individuals who do not have obesity. NAFLD increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and certain extrahepatic cancers. There is currently no licensed pharmacotherapy for NAFLD, despite numerous clinical trials in the past two decades. Currently, the reason so few drugs have been successful in the treatment of NAFLD in a trial setting is not fully understood. As cardiovascular disease is the predominant cause of mortality in people with NAFLD, future pharmacotherapies for NAFLD must consider associated cardiometabolic risk factors. The successful use of glucose-lowering drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes in patients with NAFLD indicates that this strategy is important, and worth developing further. Greater public awareness of NAFLD is needed because collaboration between all stakeholders is vital to enable a holistic approach to successful treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Giovanni Targher
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar di Valpolicella, Italy
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12
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Alenezi SA, Khan R, Snell L, Aboeldalyl S, Amer S. The Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Obesity and PCOS-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10976. [PMID: 37446154 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory disorders, such as diabetes and obesity. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the possible role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in obesity and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). A comprehensive search of electronic databases was conducted to identify studies investigating NLRP3 its related components (Caspase 1, ASC and IL-1β) in adipose tissue and/or blood from obese individuals compared to non-obese controls. Another search was conducted for studies investigating NLRP3 in PCOS women and animal models. The ssearched databases included Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, the EU Clinical Trials Register and the WHO International Clinical Trials Register. The quality and risk of bias for the included articles were assessed using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data were extracted and pooled using RevMan software for the calculation of the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Twelve eligible studies were included in the obesity systematic review and nine in the PCOS review. Of the obesity studies, nine (n = 270) were included in the meta-analysis, which showed a significantly higher adipose tissue NLRP3 gene expression in obese (n = 186) versus non-obese (n = 84) participants (SMD 1.07; 95% CI, 0.27, 1.87). Pooled analysis of adipose tissue IL-1β data from four studies showed significantly higher IL-1β gene expression levels in adipose tissue from 88 obese participants versus 39 non-obese controls (SMD 0.56; 95% CI, 0.13, 0.99). Meta-analysis of adipose tissue ASC data from four studies showed a significantly higher level in obese (n = 109) versus non-obese (n = 42) individuals (SMD 0.91, 95% CI, 0.30, 1.52). Of the nine PCOS articles, three were human (n = 185) and six were animal studies utilizing PCOS rat/mouse models. All studies apart from one article consistently showed upregulated NLRP3 and its components in PCOS women and animal models. In conclusion, obesity and PCOS seem to be associated with upregulated expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components. Further research is required to validate these findings and to elucidate the role of NLRP3 in obesity and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Atalah Alenezi
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
- Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 14214, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raheela Khan
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Lindsay Snell
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Library & Knowledge Service, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Shaimaa Aboeldalyl
- University Hospitals of Derby and Burton NHS Foundation Trust, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
| | - Saad Amer
- Division of Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK
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13
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Komic L, Kumric M, Urlic H, Rizikalo A, Grahovac M, Kelam J, Tomicic M, Rusic D, Ticinovic Kurir T, Bozic J. Obesity and Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential: Allies in Cardiovascular Diseases and Malignancies. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1365. [PMID: 37374147 PMCID: PMC10304718 DOI: 10.3390/life13061365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a term used to describe individuals who have detectable somatic mutations in genes commonly found in individuals with hematologic cancers but without any apparent evidence of such conditions. The mortality rate in individuals with CHIP is remarkably higher than the influence ascribed to hematologic malignancies, and it is plausible that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) could elucidate the apparent disparity. Studies have shown that the most frequently altered genes in CHIP are associated with the increased incidence of CVDs, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and myeloid malignancies, as well as obesity. Additionally, multiple research studies have confirmed that obesity is also independently associated with these conditions, particularly the development and progression of atherosclerotic CVD. Considering the shared pathogenetic mechanisms of obesity and CHIP, our objective in this review was to investigate both preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the correlation between obesity and CHIP and the resulting implications of this interaction on the pathophysiology of CVDs and malignancies. The pro-inflammatory condition induced by obesity and CHIP enhances the probability of developing both diseases and increases the likelihood of developing CVDs, T2DM and malignancies, suggesting that a dangerous vicious loop may exist. However, it is vital to conduct additional research that will suggest targeted treatment options for obese individuals with CHIP in order to reduce harmful effects connected to these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Komic
- Department of Family Medicine, Split-Dalmatia County Health Center, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.K.); (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (H.U.); (T.T.K.)
- Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Urlic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (H.U.); (T.T.K.)
| | - Azer Rizikalo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Marko Grahovac
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Jelena Kelam
- Department of Family Medicine, Split-Dalmatia County Health Center, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.K.); (J.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Marion Tomicic
- Department of Family Medicine, Split-Dalmatia County Health Center, 21000 Split, Croatia; (L.K.); (J.K.); (M.T.)
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Doris Rusic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Tina Ticinovic Kurir
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (H.U.); (T.T.K.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.K.); (H.U.); (T.T.K.)
- Laboratory for Cardiometabolic Research, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
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14
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Weeden CE, Hill W, Lim EL, Grönroos E, Swanton C. Impact of risk factors on early cancer evolution. Cell 2023; 186:1541-1563. [PMID: 37059064 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent identification of oncogenic cells within healthy tissues and the prevalence of indolent cancers found incidentally at autopsies reveal a greater complexity in tumor initiation than previously appreciated. The human body contains roughly 40 trillion cells of 200 different types that are organized within a complex three-dimensional matrix, necessitating exquisite mechanisms to restrain aberrant outgrowth of malignant cells that have the capacity to kill the host. Understanding how this defense is overcome to trigger tumorigenesis and why cancer is so extraordinarily rare at the cellular level is vital to future prevention therapies. In this review, we discuss how early initiated cells are protected from further tumorigenesis and the non-mutagenic pathways by which cancer risk factors promote tumor growth. By nature, the absence of permanent genomic alterations potentially renders these tumor-promoting mechanisms clinically targetable. Finally, we consider existing strategies for early cancer interception with perspectives on the next steps for molecular cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Weeden
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - William Hill
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Emilia L Lim
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Center of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Eva Grönroos
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Center of Excellence, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK; Department of Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
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15
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Brunt VE, Ikoba AP, Ziemba BP, Ballak DB, Hoischen A, Dinarello CA, Ehringer MA, Seals DR. Circulating interleukin-37 declines with aging in healthy humans: relations to healthspan indicators and IL37 gene SNPs. GeroScience 2023; 45:65-84. [PMID: 35622271 PMCID: PMC9137444 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00587-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by declines in physiological function that increase risk of age-associated diseases and limit healthspan, mediated in part by chronic low-grade inflammation. Interleukin (IL)-37 suppresses inflammation in pathophysiological states but has not been studied in the context of aging in otherwise healthy humans. Thus, we investigated associations between IL-37 and markers of healthspan in 271 young (18-39 years; n = 41), middle-aged (40-64 years; n = 162), and older (65 + years; n = 68) adults free of overt clinical disease. After conducting a thorough validation of AdipoGen's IL-37 ELISA, we found that plasma IL-37 is lower in older adults (young: 339 ± 240, middle-aged: 345 ± 234; older: 258 ± 175 pg/mL; P = 0.048), despite elevations in pro-inflammatory markers. As such, the ratios of circulating IL-37 to pro-inflammatory markers were considerably lower in older adults (e.g., IL-37 to C-reactive protein: young, 888 ± 918 vs. older, 337 ± 293; P = 0.02), indicating impaired IL-37 responsiveness to a pro-inflammatory state with aging and consistent with the notion of immunosenescence. These ratios were related to multiple indicators of healthspan, including positively to cardiorespiratory fitness (P < 0.01) and negatively to markers of adiposity, blood pressure, and blood glucose (all P < 0.05). Lastly, we correlated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL37 and ILR8 (the co-receptor for IL-37) genes and found that variants in IL37 SNPs tended to be associated with blood pressure and adiposity (P = 0.08-0.09) but did not explain inter-individual variability in circulating IL-37 concentrations across age (P ≥ 0.23). Overall, our findings provide novel insights into a possible role of IL-37 in biological aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vienna E Brunt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, CO, 80045, Aurora, USA.
| | - Akpevweoghene P Ikoba
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Brian P Ziemba
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dov B Ballak
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, CO, 80045, Aurora, USA
| | - Alexander Hoischen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics & Radboud Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Charles A Dinarello
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, CO, 80045, Aurora, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marissa A Ehringer
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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16
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Herrera-Martínez AD, Herrero-Aguayo V, Pérez-Gómez JM, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Inflammasomes: Cause or consequence of obesity-associated comorbidities in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:2351-2362. [PMID: 36415999 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein intracellular complexes composed of innate immune system receptors and sensors; they activate the inflammatory cascade in response to infectious microbes and/or molecules derived from host proteins. Because of cytokine secretion, inflammasomes can induce amplified systemic responses, its dysregulation can exacerbate symptoms in infectious diseases, and it has been related to the development of autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, and even cancer. Obesity is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation, in which circulating proinflammatory cytokines are elevated. Some publications describe changes in inflammation markers as a consequence of obesity, but others suggest that chronic inflammation might cause obesity (e.g., C-reactive protein): these assumptions reflect the difficulty of identifying the appropriate role of inflammation as cause or consequence of obesity and its related complications. Obesity is recognized as a clinical risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and diabetes mellitus. Changes in the expression of inflammasomes are described in some of these obesity-related complications, and moreover, its modulation might exert a beneficial effect in some cases. Despite some contradictory results, most publications suggest a promising clinical effect based on in vitro and in vivo experiments. In this review, we summarized recent publications about inflammasome dysregulation in humans and its relationship with obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jesús M Pérez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, (CIBERobn), Córdoba, Spain
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17
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Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Adipose Tissue Inflammation and NF-κB/AMPK Activation in Obese Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810915. [PMID: 36142842 PMCID: PMC9506068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion is strongly associated with increased adipose macrophage infiltration and adipocyte-derived pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to obesity-associated low-grade inflammation. Individuals with vitamin D deficiency have an increased prevalence of obesity and increased circulating inflammatory cytokines. However, the effect of vitamin D supplementation on obesity-induced inflammation remains controversial. Male C57BL/6J mice received a low-fat (10% fat) or high-fat (HF, 60% fat diet) containing 1000 IU vitamin D/kg diet, or HF supplemented with 10,000 IU vitamin D/kg diet for 16 weeks (n = 9/group). Vitamin D supplementation did not decrease HF-increased body weight but attenuated obesity-induced adipose hypertrophy and macrophage recruitment as demonstrated by the number of crown-like structures. Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the mRNA expression of CD11c, CD68, and iNOS, specific for inflammatory M1-like macrophages, and decreased serum levels of NO. In addition, significant reductions in pro-inflammatory gene expression of IL-6, MCP-1, and TNFα and mRNA levels of ASC-1, CASP1, and IL-1β involved in NLRP3 inflammasome were found in obese mice supplemented with vitamin D. Vitamin D supplementation significantly increased obesity-decreased AMPK activity and suppressed HF-increased NF-κB phosphorylation in adipose tissue from obese mice. These observed beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on adipose tissue expansion, macrophage recruitment, and inflammation might be related to AMPK/NF-κB signaling.
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18
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Dectin-1 as a Potential Inflammatory Biomarker for Metabolic Inflammation in Adipose Tissue of Individuals with Obesity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182879. [PMID: 36139454 PMCID: PMC9496833 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In obesity, macrophage activation and infiltration in adipose tissue (AT) underlie chronic low-grade inflammation-induced insulin resistance. Although dectin-1 is primarily a pathogen recognition receptor and innate immune response modulator, its role in metabolic syndromes remains to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the dectin-1 gene expression in subcutaneous AT in the context of obesity and associated inflammatory markers. Subcutaneous AT biopsies were collected from 59 nondiabetic (lean/overweight/obese) individuals. AT gene expression levels of dectin-1 and inflammatory markers were determined via real-time reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Dectin-1 protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Plasma lipid profiles were measured by ELISA. AT dectin-1 transcripts and proteins were significantly elevated in obese as compared to lean individuals. AT dectin-1 transcripts correlated positively with body mass index and fat percentage (r ≥ 0.340, p ≤ 0.017). AT dectin-1 RNA levels correlated positively with clinical parameters, including plasma C-reactive protein and CCL5/RANTES, but negatively with that of adiponectin. The expression of dectin-1 transcripts was associated with that of various proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and their cognate receptors (r ≥ 0.300, p ≤ 0.05), but not with anti-inflammatory markers. Dectin-1 and members of the TLR signaling cascade were found to be significantly associated, suggesting an interplay between the two pathways. Dectin-1 expression was correlated with monocyte/macrophage markers, including CD16, CD68, CD86, and CD163, suggesting its monocytes/macrophage association in an adipose inflammatory microenvironment. Dectin-1 expression was independently predicted by CCR5, CCL20, TLR2, and MyD88. In conclusion, dectin-1 may be regarded as an AT biomarker of metabolic inflammation in obesity.
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19
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Harris BHL, Macaulay VM, Harris DA, Klenerman P, Karpe F, Lord SR, Harris AL, Buffa FM. Obesity: a perfect storm for carcinogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:491-515. [PMID: 36038791 PMCID: PMC9470699 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10046-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-related cancers account for 40% of the cancer cases observed in the USA and obesity is overtaking smoking as the most widespread modifiable risk factor for carcinogenesis. Here, we use the hallmarks of cancer framework to delineate how obesity might influence the carcinogenic hallmarks in somatic cells. We discuss the effects of obesity on (a) sustaining proliferative signaling; (b) evading growth suppressors; (c) resisting cell death; (d) enabling replicative immortality; (e) inducing angiogenesis; (f) activating invasion and metastasis; (g) reprogramming energy metabolism; and (h) avoiding immune destruction, together with its effects on genome instability and tumour-promoting inflammation. We present the current understanding and controversies in this evolving field, and highlight some areas in need of further cross-disciplinary focus. For instance, the relative importance of the many potentially causative obesity-related factors is unclear for each type of malignancy. Even within a single tumour type, it is currently unknown whether one obesity-related factor consistently plays a predominant role, or if this varies between patients or, even in a single patient with time. Clarifying how the hallmarks are affected by obesity may lead to novel prevention and treatment strategies for the increasingly obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin H L Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
- St Anne's College, 56 Woodstock Rd, Oxford, OX2 6HS, UK.
| | - Valentine M Macaulay
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | | | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3SY, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Simon R Lord
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Unit, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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Saidi H, Bounihi A, Bouazza A, Hichami A, Koceir EHA, Khan NA. Spirulina reduces diet-induced obesity through downregulation of lipogenic genes expression in Psammomys obesus. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:1001-1009. [PMID: 32207345 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1743724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the protective effect of spirulina against diet-induced obesity and metabolic disorders in Psammomys obesus, an animal model of metabolic syndrome. Psammomys obesus lives on a low-energy diet, in order to remain healthy. However, under a standard laboratory chow diet (SLCD), this animal exhibits insulin resistance, which occurs as a result of obesity. Psammomys obesus was maintained on SLCD, in order to evaluate the effect of spirulina on obesity development with a particular focus on glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as the mRNA expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines. After 12 weeks of treatment with spirulina, there was a significant reduction in body weight gain, plasma glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels. There was also a significant reduction in the mRNA expression of genes involved in lipogenesis and inflammation. Spirulina improved insulin sensitivity, glucose and lipid metabolism. These findings highlight the positive effect of spirulina on weight maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Saidi
- Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism team, Laboratory of Biology and Organism Physiology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Abdenour Bounihi
- Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism team, Laboratory of Biology and Organism Physiology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Asma Bouazza
- Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism team, Laboratory of Biology and Organism Physiology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Aziz Hichami
- INSERM U1231, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - El Hadj Ahmed Koceir
- Bioenergetics and Intermediary Metabolism team, Laboratory of Biology and Organism Physiology, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Naim Akhtar Khan
- INSERM U1231, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
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Effects of 2-Year Nutritional and Lifestyle Intervention on Oxidative and Inflammatory Statuses in Individuals of 55 Years of Age and over at High Cardiovascular Risk. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071326. [PMID: 35883817 PMCID: PMC9312253 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are disorders with high impact on the morbidity and mortality of chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). We aim to assess the effects of 2-year nutritional and lifestyle intervention on oxidative and inflammatory status in individuals of 55 years of age and over at high CVD risk. Participants (n = 100 individuals of 55 years of age and over living in the Balearic Islands, Spain) were randomized into control and intervention group. Anthropometric and haematological parameters, blood pressure and physical activity were measured before and after the intervention. Oxidative and inflammatory biomarkers in plasma, urine, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and neutrophils were determined. A higher reduction in abdominal obesity, blood pressure and triglycerides levels was observed after a 2-year intervention. An improvement of oxidative stress and proinflammatory status was demonstrated with a significant reduction in myeloperoxidase, xanthine oxidase, malondialdehyde and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) levels, and an increase in polyphenols in plasma was observed. A decrease in reactive oxygen species production in PBMCs and neutrophils levels after zymosan and lipopolysaccharide activation was found in the intervention group with respect to the control group. The intervention with hypocaloric Mediterranean Diet and customized physical activity improves oxidative stress and proinflammatory status and could contribute to decreasing the CVD risk.
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Dufour JF, Anstee QM, Bugianesi E, Harrison S, Loomba R, Paradis V, Tilg H, Wong VWS, Zelber-Sagi S. Current therapies and new developments in NASH. Gut 2022; 71:gutjnl-2021-326874. [PMID: 35710299 PMCID: PMC9484366 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is becoming the most important aetiology for advanced liver disease. There has been important progress in the field in recent years and the complexity of the pathophysiology of NASH is better understood. Multiple non-invasive circulating and imaging biomarkers have been tested. The importance of lifestyle has been recognised and several drugs are being tested in clinical trials. This review addresses the challenges that healthcare professionals face in the management of NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational & Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Stephen Harrison
- Pinnacle clinical research, San Antonio, Texas, USA
- Visiting Professor of Hepatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Epidemiology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Vincent Wai-Sun Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Protective Effects of Interleukin-37 Expression against Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6468299. [PMID: 35419070 PMCID: PMC9001104 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6468299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim Interleukin (IL)-37 is a new anti-inflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 family. This study aimed to determine the effects of IL-37 on acetaminophen (APAP)-induced liver injury. Materials and Methods IL-37 plasmids were injected into mice via a tail vein hydrodynamics-based gene delivery. Results Our results showed that IL-37 pretreatment significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels, hepatic myeloperoxidase activity, and attenuated the histological liver damage. Compared to the APAP group, IL-37 administration decreased Kupffer cells numbers in the liver of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Furthermore, IL-37 pretreatment reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, IL-17, and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in APAP-induced mice. Conclusion These results demonstrate that delivery of IL-37 plasmid can ameliorate APAP-induced liver injury by reducing proinflammatory cytokines production and preventing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. IL-37 may be a promising candidate against APAP-induced liver injury.
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Daoud MS, Hussain SD, Al-Daghri NM. Cardiometabolic associations of circulating Lipocalin-2 in adults with varying degrees of adiposity and insulin resistance. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 717:109138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Raftar SKA, Ashrafian F, Abdollahiyan S, Yadegar A, Moradi HR, Masoumi M, Vaziri F, Moshiri A, Siadat SD, Zali MR. The anti-inflammatory effects of Akkermansia muciniphila and its derivates in HFD/CCL4-induced murine model of liver injury. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2453. [PMID: 35165344 PMCID: PMC8844054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a critical role in the promotion of hepatocyte damage and liver fibrosis. In recent years the protective role of Akkermansia muciniphila, a next-generation beneficial microbe, has been suggested for metabolic and inflammatory disorders. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of live and pasteurized A. muciniphila and its extra cellular vesicles (EVs) on inflammatory markers involved in liver fibrosis in a mouse model of a high-fat diet (HFD)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. Firstly, the responses of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to live and pasteurized A. muciniphila and its EVs were examined in the quiescent and LPS-activated LX-2 cells. Next, the anti-inflammatory effects of different forms of A. muciniphila were examined in the mouse model of HFD/CCl4-induced liver injury. The gene expression of various inflammatory markers was evaluated in liver, colon, and white adipose tissues. The cytokine secretion in the liver and white adipose tissues was also measured by ELISA. The results showed that administration of live and pasteurized A. muciniphila and its EVs leads to amelioration in HSCs activation. Based on data obtained from the histopathological analysis, an improvement in gut health was observed through enhancing the epithelium and mucosal layer thickness and strengthening the intestinal integrity in all treatments. Moreover, live A. muciniphila and its EVs had inhibitory effects on liver inflammation and hepatocytes damage. In addition, the tissue cytokine production and inflammatory gene expression levels revealed that live A. muciniphila and its EVs had more pronounced anti-inflammatory effects on liver and adipose tissues. Furthermore, EVs had better effects on the modulation of gene expression related to TLRs, PPARs, and immune response in the liver. In conclusion, the present results showed that oral administration of A. muciniphila and its derivatives for four weeks could enhance the intestinal integrity and anti-inflammatory responses of the colon, adipose, and liver tissues and subsequently prevent liver injury in HFD/CCL4 mice.
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Frühbeck G, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Valentí V, Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Moncada R, Baixauli J, Silva C, Escalada J, Gómez-Ambrosi J. Serum Levels of IL-1 RA Increase with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes in Relation to Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and are Reduced After Bariatric Surgery in Parallel to Adiposity. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:1331-1345. [PMID: 35237063 PMCID: PMC8884708 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s354095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excess adiposity leads to a dysfunctional adipose tissue that contributes to the development of obesity-associated comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) is a naturally occurring antagonist of the IL-1 receptor with anti-inflammatory properties. The aim of the present study was to compare the circulating concentrations of IL-1RA and its mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in subjects with normal weight (NW), obesity with normoglycemia (OB-NG), or obesity with impaired glucose tolerance or T2D (OB-IGT&T2D) and to analyze the effect of changes in body fat percentage (BF%) on IL-1RA levels. Methods Serum concentrations of IL-1RA were measured in 156 volunteers. Expression of IL1RN mRNA in VAT obtained from 36 individuals was determined. In addition, the concentrations of IL-1RA were measured before and after weight gain as well as weight loss following a dietetic program or Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Results Serum levels of IL-1RA were significantly increased in individuals with obesity, being further increased in the OB-IGT&T2D group (NW 440 ± 316, OB-NG 899 ± 562, OB-IGT&T2D 1265 ± 739 pg/mL; P<0.001) and associated with markers of inflammation and fatty liver. IL1RN mRNA expression in VAT was significantly increased in the OB-IGT&T2D group and correlated in the global cohort with the mRNA expression of SPP1, CCL2, CD68, and MMP9. Levels of IL-1RA were not modified after modest changes in BF%, but RYGB-induced weight loss significantly decreased IL-1RA concentrations from 1233 ± 1009 to 660 ± 538 pg/mL (P<0.001). Conclusion Serum IL-1RA concentrations are increased in patients with obesity being further elevated in obesity-associated IGT and T2D in association with markers of adipose tissue dysfunction. The mRNA expression of IL1RN is markedly increased in VAT of subjects with obesity and T2D in relation with genes involved in macrophage recruitment, inflammation and matrix remodeling. Serum IL-1RA concentrations are reduced when a notable amount of BF% is loss. Measurement of IL-1RA is an excellent biomarker of adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity-associated metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Víctor Valentí
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jorge Baixauli
- Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Camilo Silva
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Escalada
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence: Javier Gómez-Ambrosi, Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona, 31008, Spain, Tel +34 948 425600 (ext. 806567), Email
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Alfadul H, Sabico S, Al-Daghri NM. The role of interleukin-1β in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:901616. [PMID: 35966098 PMCID: PMC9363617 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.901616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial non-communicable disease that is characterized by insulin resistance and chronic sub-clinical inflammation. Among the emerging inflammatory markers observed to be associated with β-cell damage is interleukin 1β (IL1β), a proinflammatory cytokine that modulates important metabolic processes including insulin secretion and β-cell apoptosis. The present systematic review and meta-analysis gathers available evidence on the emerging role of IL1β in T2DM. PubMed and Embase were searched for human studies that assessed 1L1β in T2DM individuals from 2016-2021. Thirteen studies (N=2680; T2DM=1182, controls=1498) out of 523 were included in the systematic review and only 3 studies in the meta-analysis. Assays were the most commonly used quantification method and lipopolysaccharides as the most common stimulator for IL1β upregulation. Random and fixed effects meta-analysis showed non-significant mean differences of IL1β concentrations between the T2DM and controls. Given the high heterogeneity and small subset of studies included, caution is advised in the interpretation of results. The present systematic review and meta-analysis highlights the limited evidence available that could implicate 1L1β as a potent biomarker for T2DM. Standardization of 1L1β assays with larger sample sizes are encouraged in future observational and prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend Alfadul
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Nasser M. Al-Daghri,
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Zhu L, Liu L. New Insights Into the Interplay Among Autophagy, the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Inflammation in Adipose Tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:739882. [PMID: 35432210 PMCID: PMC9008752 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.739882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a feature of metabolic syndrome with chronic inflammation in obese subjects, characterized by adipose tissue (AT) expansion, proinflammatory factor overexpression, and macrophage infiltration. Autophagy modulates inflammation in the enlargement of AT as an essential step for maintaining the balance in energy metabolism and waste elimination. Signaling originating from dysfunctional AT, such as AT containing hypertrophic adipocytes and surrounding macrophages, activates NOD-like receptor family 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. There are interactions about altered autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome activation during the progress in obesity. We summarize the current studies and potential mechanisms associated with autophagy and NLRP3 inflammasome in AT inflammation and aim to provide further evidence for research on obesity and obesity-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Modern Cardiovascular Disease Clinical Technology Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- Cardiovascular Disease Research Center of Hunan Province, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Liu,
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Ren Y, Zhao H, Yin C, Lan X, Wu L, Du X, Griffiths HR, Gao D. Adipokines, Hepatokines and Myokines: Focus on Their Role and Molecular Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:873699. [PMID: 35909571 PMCID: PMC9329830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.873699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue (AT) is a hallmark of obesity and contributes to various metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Inflammation in ATs is characterized by macrophage infiltration and the activation of inflammatory pathways mediated by NF-κB, JNK, and NLRP3 inflammasomes. Adipokines, hepatokines and myokines - proteins secreted from AT, the liver and skeletal muscle play regulatory roles in AT inflammation via endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine pathways. For example, obesity is associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines (e.g., leptin, resistin, chemerin, progranulin, RBP4, WISP1, FABP4, PAI-1, Follistatin-like1, MCP-1, SPARC, SPARCL1, and SAA) and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines such as adiponectin, omentin, ZAG, SFRP5, CTRP3, vaspin, and IL-10. Moreover, some hepatokines (Fetuin A, DPP4, FGF21, GDF15, and MANF) and myokines (irisin, IL-6, and DEL-1) also play pro- or anti-inflammatory roles in AT inflammation. This review aims to provide an updated understanding of these organokines and their role in AT inflammation and related metabolic abnormalities. It serves to highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of these organokines and their clinical significance. Insights into the roles and mechanisms of these organokines could provide novel and potential therapeutic targets for obesity-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakun Ren
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Chunyan Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xi Lan
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Litao Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Helen R. Griffiths
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Gao
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xian Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Center, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Dan Gao,
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Portincasa P, Bonfrate L, Khalil M, Angelis MD, Calabrese FM, D’Amato M, Wang DQH, Di Ciaula A. Intestinal Barrier and Permeability in Health, Obesity and NAFLD. Biomedicines 2021; 10:83. [PMID: 35052763 PMCID: PMC8773010 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The largest surface of the human body exposed to the external environment is the gut. At this level, the intestinal barrier includes luminal microbes, the mucin layer, gastrointestinal motility and secretion, enterocytes, immune cells, gut vascular barrier, and liver barrier. A healthy intestinal barrier is characterized by the selective permeability of nutrients, metabolites, water, and bacterial products, and processes are governed by cellular, neural, immune, and hormonal factors. Disrupted gut permeability (leaky gut syndrome) can represent a predisposing or aggravating condition in obesity and the metabolically associated liver steatosis (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD). In what follows, we describe the morphological-functional features of the intestinal barrier, the role of major modifiers of the intestinal barrier, and discuss the recent evidence pointing to the key role of intestinal permeability in obesity/NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Leonilde Bonfrate
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Francesco Maria Calabrese
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/a, 70126 Bari, Italy; (M.D.A.); (F.M.C.)
| | - Mauro D’Amato
- Gastrointestinal Genetics Lab, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, 48160 Derio, Spain;
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - David Q.-H. Wang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Agostino Di Ciaula
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Biomedical Sciences & Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy; (L.B.); (M.K.); (A.D.C.)
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Cai W, Marouf N, Said KN, Tamimi F. Nature of the Interplay Between Periodontal Diseases and COVID-19. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.735126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mostly a mild condition, however, in some patients, it could progress into a severe and even fatal disease. Recent studies have shown that COVID-19 infection and severity could be associated with the presence of periodontitis, one of the most prevalent chronic diseases. This association could be explained by the fact that periodontitis and COVID-19 share some common risk factors that included chronic diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension as well as conditions such as age, sex, and genetic variants. Another possible explanation could be the systemic inflammation and the aspiration of periodontopathogens seen in patients with periodontitis, which could have a synergism with the virus or compromise the reaction of the body against COVID-19. This narrative review explores the nature of these associations, the evidence behind them, and their implications.
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Tilg H, Adolph TE, Dudek M, Knolle P. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the interplay between metabolism, microbes and immunity. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1596-1607. [PMID: 34931080 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00501-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged pandemically across the globe and particularly affects patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. NAFLD is a complex systemic disease that is characterised by hepatic lipid accumulation, lipotoxicity, insulin resistance, gut dysbiosis and inflammation. In this review, we discuss how metabolic dysregulation, the gut microbiome, innate and adaptive immunity and their interplay contribute to NAFLD pathology. Lipotoxicity has been shown to instigate liver injury, inflammation and insulin resistance. Synchronous metabolic dysfunction, obesity and related nutritional perturbation may alter the gut microbiome, in turn fuelling hepatic and systemic inflammation by direct activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. We review evidence suggesting that, collectively, these unresolved exogenous and endogenous cues drive liver injury, culminating in liver fibrosis and advanced sequelae of this disorder such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Understanding NAFLD as a complex interplay between metabolism, gut microbiota and the immune response will challenge the clinical perception of NAFLD and open new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Dudek
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
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Herrero-Aguayo V, Sáez-Martínez P, López-Cánovas JL, Prados-Carmona JJ, Alcántara-Laguna MD, López FL, Molina-Puerta MJ, Calañas-Continente A, Membrives A, Castilla J, Ruiz-Ravelo J, Alonso-Echague R, Yubero-Serrano EM, Castaño JP, Gahete MD, Gálvez-Moreno MA, Luque RM, Herrera-Martínez AD. Dysregulation of Components of the Inflammasome Machinery After Bariatric Surgery: Novel Targets for a Chronic Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4917-e4934. [PMID: 34363480 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a metabolic chronic disease with important associated morbidities and mortality. Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for maintaining long-term weight loss in severe obesity and, consequently, for decreasing obesity-related complications, including chronic inflammation. AIM To explore changes in components of the inflammasome machinery after bariatric surgery and their relation with clinical/biochemical parameters at baseline and 6 months after bariatric surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-two patients with morbid-obesity that underwent bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass) were included. Epidemiological/clinical/anthropometric/biochemical evaluation was performed at baseline and 6 months after bariatric surgery. Inflammasome components and inflammatory-associated factors [nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), inflammasome activation components, cytokines and inflammation/apoptosis-related components, and cell-cycle and DNA-damage regulators) were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at baseline and 6 months after bariatric surgery. Clinical molecular correlations/associations were analyzed. Functional parameters (lipid accumulation/viability/apoptosis) were analyzed in response to specific inflammasome components silencing in liver HepG2 cells). RESULTS A profound dysregulation of inflammasome components after bariatric surgery was found, especially in NLRs and cell-cycle and DNA damage regulators. Several components were associated with baseline metabolic comorbidities including type 2 diabetes (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1/sirtuin 1), hypertension (absent in melanoma 2/ASC/purinergic receptor P2X 7), and dyslipidemia [C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CXCL3)/NLR family pyrin domain containing (NLRP) 7) and displayed changes in their molecular profile 6 months after bariatric surgery. The gene expression fingerprint of certain factors NLR family CARD domain containing 4 (NLRC4)/NLRP12/CXCL3)/C-C motif chemokine ligand 8/toll-like receptor 4) accurately differentiated pre- and postoperative PBMCs. Most changes were independent of the performed surgical technique. Silencing of NLRC4/NLRP12 resulted in altered lipid accumulation, apoptosis rate, and cell viability in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION Bariatric surgery induces a profound alteration in the gene expression pattern of components of the inflammasome machinery in PBMCs. Expression and changes of certain inflammasome components are associated to baseline metabolic comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, and may be related to the improvement and reversion of some obesity-related comorbidities after bariatric surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Prudencio Sáez-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan L López-Cánovas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan J Prados-Carmona
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - María D Alcántara-Laguna
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Fernando L López
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
| | - María J Molina-Puerta
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calañas-Continente
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Membrives
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- General Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Castilla
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- General Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Ruiz-Ravelo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- General Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosario Alonso-Echague
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- General Surgery Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Elena M Yubero-Serrano
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
| | - María A Gálvez-Moreno
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba; Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn); Córdoba, Spain
| | - Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC); Córdoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital; Córdoba, Spain
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Lind L, Sundström J, Ärnlöv J. Proteins associated with incident metabolic syndrome in population-based cohorts. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2021; 13:131. [PMID: 34758886 PMCID: PMC8579529 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-021-00752-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The metabolic syndrome (MetS) identifies persons with clustering of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors. The underlying pathology inducing this clustering is not fully known. We used a targeted proteomics assay to identify associations of circulating proteins with MetS and its components, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. METHODS We explored and validated associations of 86 cardiovascular proteins, assessed using a proximity extension assay, with the MetS in two independent cohorts; the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS, n = 996) and Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men (ULSAM, n = 785). The analyses were adjusted for smoking, exercise habits, education, and energy and alcohol intake. RESULTS Nine proteins were associated with all five components of the MetS in PIVUS using FDR < 0.05 in a cross-sectional analysis. Of those nine proteins, only Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein (IL-1RA) was associated with all five components of the MetS in ULSAM using p < 0.05. IL-1RA levels were associated with incident MetS (n = 109) in PIVUS during a 5-year follow-up (HR 1.76 for a 1 SD change (95% CI 1.38, 2.24), p = 4.3*10-6). IL-1RA was however not causally related to MetS in a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis using published data. CONCLUSION Circulating IL-1RA was related to all five components of the MetS in a cross-sectional analysis in two independent samples, as well as to incident MetS in a longitudinal analysis. However, Mendelian randomization analyses did not provide support for a causal role for IL-1RA in the development of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Johan Sundström
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Johan Ärnlöv
- School of Health and Social Sciences, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
- The Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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Sehgal A, Behl T, Kaur I, Singh S, Sharma N, Aleya L. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome as a chief instigator of obesity, contributing to local adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:43102-43113. [PMID: 34145545 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasome activity plays a vital role in various non-microbial disease states correlated with prolonged inflammation. NLRP3 inflammasome function and IL-1β formation are augmented in obesity and several obesity-linked metabolic disorders (i.e. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hepatic steatosis, cancer, arthritis, and sleep apnea). Also, several factors are associated with the progression of diseases viz. increased plasma glucose, fatty acids, and β-amyloid are augmented during obesity and activate NLRP3 inflammasome expression. Prolonged NLRP3 stimulation seems to play significant role in various disorders, though better knowledge of inflammasome regulation and action might result in improved therapeutic tactics. Numerous compounds that mitigate NLRP3 inflammasome expression and suppress its chief effector, IL-1β are presently studied in clinical phases as therapeutics to manage or prevent these common disorders. A deep research on the literature available till date for inflammasome in obesity was conducted using various medical sites like PubMed, HINARI, MEDLINE from the internet, and data was collected simultaneously. The present review aims to examine the prospects of inflammasome as a major progenitor in the progression of obesity via directing their role in regulating appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayush Sehgal
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Ishnoor Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Neelam Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environment Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besancon, France
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Al-Daghri NM, Wani K, AlHarthi H, Alghamdi A, Alnaami AM, Yakout SM. Sex-Specific Signature in the Circulating NLRP3 Levels of Saudi Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10153288. [PMID: 34362072 PMCID: PMC8347773 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, inflammasomes such as NLRP3 as cytosolic pattern-recognition receptors have been implicated in the development of inflammation; however, limited investigations report the circulating levels of this protein. The objective, thus, was to investigative circulating NLRP3 levels in Saudi patients with a low-grade inflammatory disorder called metabolic syndrome (MetS). Two hundred Saudi adults aged 30–65, with or without MetS diagnosed on the basis of National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria, were randomly recruited. Five MetS components were established according to the diagnostic criteria in the study subjects. Circulating levels of NLRP3 and known inflammation markers, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukins (IL-1β and IL-18), were measured in the blood samples taken from the study subjects. Gender-based analysis showed a significant elevated circulating levels of NLRP3 in non-MetS men compared to non-MetS females (p < 0.001). Moreover, an increase in circulating levels of NLRP3 with a number of MetS components (p = 0.038) was observed only in females. A significant positive correlation of NLRP3 levels with age (r = 0.20, p = 0.04), BMI (r = 0.32, p < 0.01) and waist (r = 0.24, p = 0.02) and a significant negative correlation between NLRP3 and HDL-cholesterol (r= −0.21, p = 0.03) were also observed in females. Logistic regression analysis also yielded a sex-specific positive association of NLRP3 with MetS in females, with this association influenced mostly by central obesity and dyslipidemia components of MetS. In conclusion, this study suggests a sexual disparity in the circulating levels of NLRP3, with a trend of increasing circulating NLRP3 levels with increasing MetS components observed only in females, influenced mostly by adiposity and dyslipidemia components of MetS. Longitudinal studies with a larger sample size and investigating sex-specific hormones with NLRP3 would be needed to establish a causal relationship of NLRP3 with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (A.A.)
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.M.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-14675939
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.M.Y.)
| | - Hind AlHarthi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Amani Alghamdi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (H.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.M.Y.)
| | - Sobhy M. Yakout
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (A.M.A.); (S.M.Y.)
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Ghanbari M, Momen Maragheh S, Aghazadeh A, Mehrjuyan SR, Hussen BM, Abdoli Shadbad M, Dastmalchi N, Safaralizadeh R. Interleukin-1 in obesity-related low-grade inflammation: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107765. [PMID: 34015596 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since adipose tissue (AT) can upregulate pro-inflammatory interleukins (ILs) via storing extra lipids in obesity, obesity is considered the leading cause of chronic low-grade inflammation. These ILs can pave the way for the infiltration of immune cells into the AT, ultimately resulting in low-grade inflammation and dysregulation of adipocytes. IL-1, which is divided into two subclasses, i.e., IL-1α and IL-1β, is a critical pro-inflammatory factor. In obesity, IL-1α and IL-1β can promote insulin resistance via impairing the function of adipocytes and promoting inflammation. The current study aims to review the detailed molecular mechanisms and the roles of IL-1α and IL-1β and their antagonist, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1Ra), in developing obesity-related inflammatory complications, i.e., type II diabetes (T2D), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), atherosclerosis, and cognitive disorders. Besides, the current study discusses the recent advances in natural drugs, synthetic agents, and gene therapy approaches to treat obesity-related inflammatory complications via suppressing IL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ghanbari
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Aida Aghazadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Narges Dastmalchi
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Safaralizadeh
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
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Quezada N, Valencia I, Torres J, Maturana G, Cerda J, Arab JP, Fuentes JJ, Pinto C, Turiel D, Cortés V. Insulin resistance and liver histopathology in metabolically unhealthy subjects do not correlate with the hepatic abundance of NLRP3 inflammasome nor circulating IL-1β levels. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001975. [PMID: 33941551 PMCID: PMC8098916 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic chronic low-grade inflammation has been linked to insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and its final product, interleukin (IL)-1β, exert detrimental effects on insulin sensitivity and promote liver inflammation in murine models. Evidence linking hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome, systemic IR and NASH has been scarcely explored in humans. Herein, we correlated the hepatic abundance of NLRP3 inflammasome components and IR and NASH in humans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Metabolically healthy (MH) (n=11) and metabolically unhealthy (MUH) (metabolic syndrome, n=21, and type 2 diabetes, n=14) subjects were recruited. Insulin sensitivity (homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) and Oral Glucose Sensitivity (OGIS120)), glycemic (glycated hemoglobin), and lipid parameters were determined by standard methods. Plasma cytokines were quantified by Magpix. Hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome components were determined at the mRNA and protein levels by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot, respectively. Liver damage was assessed by histological analysis (Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Activity Score (NAS) and Steatosis, Inflammatory Activity, and Fibrosis (SAF) scores). IR and liver histopathology were correlated with NLRP3 inflammasome components as well as with liver and plasma IL-1β levels. RESULTS Body Mass Index, waist circumference, and arterial hypertension frequency were significantly higher in MUH subjects. These patients also had increased high-sensitivity C reactive protein levels compared with MH subjects. No differences in the plasma levels of IL-1β nor the hepatic content of Nlrp3, apoptosis-associated speck-like (Asc), Caspase-1, and IL-1β were detected between MUH and MH individuals. MUH subjects had significantly higher NAS and SAF scores, indicating more severe liver damage. However, histological severity did not correlate with the hepatic content of NLRP3 inflammasome components nor IL-1β levels. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that NLRP3 inflammasome activation is linked neither to IR nor to the inflammatory status of the liver in MUH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Quezada
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ilse Valencia
- Service of Anatomic Pathology, Hospital San Juan, Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera Torres
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gregorio Maturana
- Surgery Resident, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Cerda
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Department Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan José Fuentes
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Pinto
- Department Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dannae Turiel
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victor Cortés
- Department Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Mountford S, Effenberger M, Noll-Puchta H, Griessmair L, Ringleb A, Haas S, Denk G, Reiter FP, Mayr D, Dinarello CA, Tilg H, Bufler P. Modulation of Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis by Interleukin-37. Front Immunol 2021; 12:603649. [PMID: 33746950 PMCID: PMC7970756 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.603649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Chronic inflammation induces liver fibrosis, cirrhosis and potentially liver cancer. Kupffer cells modulate hepatic stellate cells by secreting immunologically active proteins as TGF-β. TGF-β promotes liver fibrosis via the activation of Sma- and Mad-related protein 3. IL-37 broadly suppresses innate and adaptive immune responses. Intracellular IL-37 interacts with Smad3. We hypothesize that IL-37 downregulates the activation of hepatic Kupffer and stellate cells and interferes with the TGF-β signaling cascade to modulate liver fibrogenesis. Methods: The role of IL-37 on liver inflammation and fibrogenesis was assessed in three mouse models as well as isolated Kupffer- and stellate cells. Serum IL-37 was tested by ELISA in a clinical cohort and correlated with liver disease severity. Results: Transgene expression of IL-37 in mice extends survival, reduces hepatic damage, expression of early markers of fibrosis and histologically assessed liver fibrosis after bile duct ligation. IL-37tg mice were protected against CCl4-induced liver inflammation. Colitis-associated liver inflammation and fibrosis was less severe in IL-10 knockout IL-37tg mice. Spontaneous and LPS/TGF-β-induced cytokine release and profibrogenic gene expression was lower in HSC and KC isolated from IL-37tg mice and IL-37 overexpressing, IL-1β stimulated human LX-2 stellate cells. However, administration of recombinant human IL-37 did not modulate fibrosis pathways after BDL in mice, LX2 cells or murine HSCs. In a large clinical cohort, we observed a positive correlation of serum IL-37 levels with disease severity in liver cirrhosis. Conclusions: Predominantly intracellular IL-37 downregulates liver inflammation and fibrosis. The correlation of serum IL-37 with disease severity in cirrhosis suggests its potential as a novel target modulating the course of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffeni Mountford
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Effenberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heidi Noll-Puchta
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucas Griessmair
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Ringleb
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Haas
- RNA Biology, Ethris GmbH, Planegg, Germany
| | - Gerald Denk
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian P. Reiter
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Doris Mayr
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Charles A. Dinarello
- Department of Medicine and Immunology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philip Bufler
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Huerta TS, Devarajan A, Tsaava T, Rishi A, Cotero V, Puleo C, Ashe J, Coleman TR, Chang EH, Tracey KJ, Chavan SS. Targeted peripheral focused ultrasound stimulation attenuates obesity-induced metabolic and inflammatory dysfunctions. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5083. [PMID: 33658532 PMCID: PMC7930257 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84330-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a growing health concern, is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Chronic low-grade inflammation is implicated in obesity-driven metabolic complications. Peripheral focused ultrasound stimulation (pFUS) is an emerging non-invasive technology that modulates inflammation. Here, we reasoned that focused ultrasound stimulation of the liver may alleviate obesity-related inflammation and other comorbidities. After 8 weeks on a high-fat high-carbohydrate "Western" diet, C57BL/6J mice were subjected to either sham stimulation or focused ultrasound stimulation at the porta hepatis. Daily liver-focused ultrasound stimulation for 8 weeks significantly decreased body weight, circulating lipids and mitigated dysregulation of adipokines. In addition, liver-focused ultrasound stimulation significantly reduced hepatic cytokine levels and leukocyte infiltration. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of hepatic focused ultrasound for alleviating obesity and obesity-associated complications in mice. These findings suggest a previously unrecognized potential of hepatic focused ultrasound as a possible novel noninvasive approach in the context of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás S Huerta
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Alex Devarajan
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Tea Tsaava
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Arvind Rishi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Ashe
- GE Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Thomas R Coleman
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Eric H Chang
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA.
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
| | - Sangeeta S Chavan
- Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA.
- The Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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Tilg H, Adolph TE, Moschen AR. Multiple Parallel Hits Hypothesis in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Revisited After a Decade. Hepatology 2021; 73:833-842. [PMID: 32780879 PMCID: PMC7898624 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine IGastroenterologyHepatologyEndocrinology & MetabolismMedical University InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
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42
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Wani K, AlHarthi H, Alghamdi A, Sabico S, Al-Daghri NM. Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Obesity-Mediated Metabolic Disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E511. [PMID: 33435142 PMCID: PMC7826517 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is one of the multimeric protein complexes of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat (NLR)-containing pyrin and HIN domain family (PYHIN). When activated, NLRP3 inflammasome triggers the release of pro-inflammatory interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-18, an essential step in innate immune response; however, defective checkpoints in inflammasome activation may lead to autoimmune, autoinflammatory, and metabolic disorders. Among the consequences of NLRP3 inflammasome activation is systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, a cardinal feature of obesity and insulin resistance. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome in adipose tissue may help in the development of specific inhibitors for the treatment and prevention of obesity-mediated metabolic diseases. In this narrative review, the current understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and regulation is highlighted, including its putative roles in adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. Specific inhibitors of NLRP3 inflammasome activation which can potentially be used to treat metabolic disorders are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (H.A.); (A.A.); (S.S.)
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Yang L, Zhou L, Wang X, Wang W, Wang J. Inhibition of HMGB1 involved in the protective of salidroside on liver injury in diabetes mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:106987. [PMID: 33217691 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that is released on injury triggers inflammation. This study aims to elucidate the effects of salidroside on diabetes-induced liver inflammation. The levels of glucose, inflammatory cytokines and hepatic functional parameters in serum and liver of type 2 diabetic db/db mice were examined. Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and western blot tests were performed to determine the mechanisms underlying the action. Palmitic acid (PA) or HMGB1-stimulated was adopted as an in vitro cell model. Salidroside treatment improved glucose tolerance, lipid profiles while decreased the production of inflammatory cytokines. It also reduced the levels of serum biochemical markers. In addition, salidroside inhibited HMGB1 signaling pathway in db/db mice. In the salidroside treatment significantly inhibited PA or HMGB1 induced inflammatory signaling pathway, too. HMGB1 inhibitors and HMGB1 knockdown both hindered PA-induced HMGB1 signaling pathway, showing the same effect as salidroside. Salidroside treatment significantly alleviates insulin resistance, hyperglycemia and hepatic inflammation in db/db mice, and also showed beneficial to PA-stimulated. Salidroside proves to control hyperglycemia and hepatic inflammation via inhibiting HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB and HMGB1/TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, PR China.
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, PR China.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, PR China.
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, PR China.
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province 450052, PR China.
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Jiang Q, Maresch CC, Petry SF, Paradowska-Dogan A, Bhushan S, Chang Y, Wrenzycki C, Schuppe HC, Houska P, Hartmann MF, Wudy SA, Shi L, Linn T. Elevated CCL2 causes Leydig cell malfunction in metabolic syndrome. JCI Insight 2020; 5:134882. [PMID: 33148888 PMCID: PMC7710294 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.134882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is associated with chronic inflammation, predisposes males to hypogonadism and subfertility. The underlying mechanism of these pathologies remains poorly understood. Homozygous leptin-resistant obese db/db mice are characterized by small testes, low testicular testosterone, and a reduced number of Leydig cells. Here we report that IL-1β, CCL2 (also known as MCP-1), and corticosterone concentrations were increased in the testes of db/db mice relative to those in WT controls. Cultured murine and human Leydig cells responded to cytokine stress with increased CCL2 release and apoptotic signals. Chemical inhibition of CCL2 rescued Leydig cell function in vitro and in db/db mice. Consistently, we found that Ccl2-deficient mice fed with a high-energy diet were protected from testicular dysfunction compared with similarly fed WT mice. Finally, a cohort of infertile men with a history of MetS showed that reduction of CCL2 plasma levels could be achieved by weight loss and was clearly associated with recovery from hypogonadism. Taken together, we conclude that CCL2-mediated chronic inflammation is, to a large extent, responsible for the subfertility in MetS by causing damage to Leydig cells. MCP-1/CCL2 upregulation associates with metabolic syndrome–induced male subfertility in both mice and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingkui Jiang
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University (JLU), Giessen, Germany
| | - Constanze C Maresch
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University (JLU), Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Friedrich Petry
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University (JLU), Giessen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Paradowska-Dogan
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, University Clinic Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sudhanshu Bhushan
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Reproductive Biology, JLU, Giessen, Germany
| | - Yongsheng Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Christine Wrenzycki
- Department of Molecular Reproductive Medicine, Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, and
| | | | - Petr Houska
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University (JLU), Giessen, Germany.,ANOVA, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michaela F Hartmann
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, JLU, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Steroid Research and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, JLU, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lanbo Shi
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Thomas Linn
- Clinical Research Unit, Centre of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University (JLU), Giessen, Germany
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López-Bautista F, Posadas-Sánchez R, Vázquez-Vázquez C, Fragoso JM, Rodríguez-Pérez JM, Vargas-Alarcón G. IL-37 Gene and Cholesterol Metabolism: Association of Polymorphisms with the Presence of Hypercholesterolemia and Cardiovascular Risk Factors. The GEA Mexican Study. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101409. [PMID: 33028050 PMCID: PMC7601011 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin 37 (IL-37) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine involved in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, reducing the levels of plasma cholesterol, fatty acids, and triglycerides. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association of the IL-37 polymorphisms with the presence of hypercholesterolemia (HC), and with cardiovascular risk factors. Nine IL-37 polymorphisms (rs2708965, rs2708962, rs6717710, rs2708961, rs2708960, rs2708958, rs2723187, rs2708947, and rs2723192) were determined by TaqMan assays in a group of 1292 individuals (514 with and 778 without hypercholesterolemia) belonging to the cohort of the GEA Mexican Study. The associations were evaluated by logistic regression, using inheritance models adjusted by confounding variables. Under codominant 1 model, the rs2708961 (OR = 0.51, p = 0.02), rs2723187 (OR = 0.35, p = 0.005), and rs2708947 (OR = 0.49, p = 0.02) polymorphisms were associated with low risk of HC. The association of the polymorphisms with cardiovascular risk factors was evaluated independently in HC and non-HC individuals. In non-HC individuals, some polymorphisms were associated with the risk of having high levels of LDL-C, glucose, and high risk of T2DM, and low risk of having high visceral abdominal fat. On the other hand, in individuals with HC five, polymorphisms were associated with high levels of C-reactive protein. The IL-37 rs2708961, rs2723187, rs2708947 polymorphisms were associated with low risk of HC, and some IL-37 polymorphisms were associated with cardiometabolic factors in both individuals with and without HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola López-Bautista
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.L.-B.); (C.V.-V.); (J.M.F.); (J.M.R.-P.)
| | - Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Christian Vázquez-Vázquez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.L.-B.); (C.V.-V.); (J.M.F.); (J.M.R.-P.)
| | - José Manuel Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.L.-B.); (C.V.-V.); (J.M.F.); (J.M.R.-P.)
| | - José Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.L.-B.); (C.V.-V.); (J.M.F.); (J.M.R.-P.)
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (F.L.-B.); (C.V.-V.); (J.M.F.); (J.M.R.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5573-2911 (ext. 20134)
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Moghbeli M, Khedmatgozar H, Yadegari M, Avan A, Ferns GA, Ghayour Mobarhan M. Cytokines and the immune response in obesity-related disorders. Adv Clin Chem 2020; 101:135-168. [PMID: 33706888 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity and the associated morbidity and mortality are important public health problems globally. There is an important relationship between an unhealthy lifestyle and increased serum inflammatory cytokines. Adipocytes secrete several pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the recruitment and activation of macrophages resulting in chronic low-grade inflammation. Increased cytokines in obese individual are related to the progression of several disorders including cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and insulin resistance. In present review we have summarized the crucial roles of cytokines and their inflammatory functions in obesity-related immune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamed Khedmatgozar
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehran Yadegari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee and Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Majid Ghayour Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Acierno C, Caturano A, Pafundi PC, Nevola R, Adinolfi LE, Sasso FC. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: pathophysiological mechanisms shared between the two faces of the same coin. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the close relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are multiple, complex and only partially known. The purpose of this paper was to review the current knowledge of these mechanisms in a unified manner. Subjects with NAFLD and T2DM have established insulin resistance (IR), which exacerbates the two comorbidities. IR worsens NAFLD by increasing the accumulation of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the liver. This occurs due to an increase in the influx of FFAs from peripheral adipose tissue by the activation of hormone-sensitive lipase. In addition, there is de novo increased lipogenesis, a transcription factor, the sterols regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP-1c), which activates the expression of several genes strongly promotes lipogenesis by the liver and facilitate storage of triglycerides. Lipids accumulation in the liver induces a chronic stress in the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants associated with NAFLD severity, but unrelated to IR. In particular, the alteration of patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 contributes to the susceptibility to NAFLD. Furthermore, the lipotoxicity of ceramides and diacylglycerol, well known in T2DM, triggers a chronic inflammatory process favoring the progression from hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis. Reactive oxygen species produced by mitochondrial dysfunction trigger both liver inflammation and beta-cells damage, promoting the progression of both NAFLD and T2DM. The close association between NAFLD and T2DM is bidirectional, as T2DM may trigger both NAFLD onset and its progression, but NAFLD itself may contribute to the development of IR and T2DM. Future studies on the mechanisms will have to deepen the knowledge of the interaction between the two pathologies and should allow the identification of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of NAFLD, currently substantially absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Acierno
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Riccardo Nevola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Elio Adinolfi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, I-80138 Naples, Ital
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MHY2013 Modulates Age-related Inflammation and Insulin Resistance by Suppressing the Akt/FOXO1/IL-1β Axis and MAPK-mediated NF-κB Signaling in Aged Rat Liver. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2020; 28:579-592. [PMID: 32902936 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a major risk factor underlying aging and age-associated diseases. It impairs normal lipid accumulation, adipose tissue function, and mitochondrial function, which eventually lead to insulin resistance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) critically regulate gluconeogenesis, lipid metabolism, and the lipid absorption and breakdown process, and PPAR activity decreases in the liver during aging. In the present study, we investigated the ability of 2-(4-(5,6-methylenedioxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-2-methylphenoxy)-2-methylpropanoic acid (MHY2013), synthesized PPARα/PPARβ/PPARγ pan agonist, to suppress the inflammatory response and attenuate insulin resistance in aged rat liver. Six- and 20-month-old rats were divided into 4 groups: young and old rats fed ad libitum; and old rats fed ad libitum supplemented with MHY2013 (1 mg and 5 mg/kg/d for 4 wk). We found that MHY2013 supplementation efficiently downregulated the activity of nuclear factor-κB through JNK/ERK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in the liver of aged rats. In addition, MHY2013 treatment increased hepatic insulin signaling, and the downstream signaling activity of FOXO1, which is negatively regulated by Akt. Downregulation of Akt increases expression of FOXO1, which acts as a transcription factor and increases transcription of interleukin-1β, leading to hepatic inflammation. The major finding of this study is that MHY2013 acts as a therapeutic agent against age-related inflammation associated with insulin resistance by activating PPARα, PPARβ, and PPARγ. Thus, the study provides evidence for the anti-inflammatory properties of MHY2013, and the role it plays in the regulation of age-related alterations in signal transduction pathways.
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Targher G, Byrne CD, Tilg H. NAFLD and increased risk of cardiovascular disease: clinical associations, pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmacological implications. Gut 2020; 69:1691-1705. [PMID: 32321858 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-320622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a public health problem, affecting up to a third of the world's adult population. Several cohort studies have consistently documented that NAFLD (especially in its more advanced forms) is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality and that the leading causes of death among patients with NAFLD are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), followed by extrahepatic malignancies and liver-related complications. A growing body of evidence also indicates that NAFLD is strongly associated with an increased risk of major CVD events and other cardiac complications (ie, cardiomyopathy, cardiac valvular calcification and cardiac arrhythmias), independently of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. This narrative review provides an overview of the literature on: (1) the evidence for an association between NAFLD and increased risk of cardiovascular, cardiac and arrhythmic complications, (2) the putative pathophysiological mechanisms linking NAFLD to CVD and other cardiac complications and (3) the current pharmacological treatments for NAFLD that might also benefit or adversely affect risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Verona Department of Medicine, Verona, Veneto, Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Tirol, Austria
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Wu KKL, Cheung SWM, Cheng KKY. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Adipose Tissues and Its Implications on Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4184. [PMID: 32545355 PMCID: PMC7312293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an active endocrine and immune organ that controls systemic immunometabolism via multiple pathways. Diverse immune cell populations reside in adipose tissue, and their composition and immune responses vary with nutritional and environmental conditions. Adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by sterile low-grade chronic inflammation and excessive immune cell infiltration, is a hallmark of obesity, as well as an important link to cardiometabolic diseases. Amongst the pro-inflammatory factors secreted by the dysfunctional adipose tissue, interleukin (IL)-1β, induced by the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, not only impairs peripheral insulin sensitivity, but it also interferes with the endocrine and immune functions of adipose tissue in a paracrine manner. Human studies indicated that NLRP3 activity in adipose tissues positively correlates with obesity and its metabolic complications, and treatment with the IL-1β antibody improves glycaemia control in type 2 diabetic patients. In mouse models, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 activation pathways or IL-1β prevents adipose tissue dysfunction, including inflammation, fibrosis, defective lipid handling and adipogenesis, which in turn alleviates obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize both the negative and positive regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and its pathophysiological consequences on immunometabolism. We also discuss the potential therapeutic approaches to targeting adipose tissue inflammasome for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenneth King-Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.-L.W.); (S.W.-M.C.)
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