1
|
Mattos Pereira V, Nair S. Targeting Mitochondrial ATP-Synthase: Evolving Role of Chromium as a Regulator of Carbohydrate and Fat Metabolism. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:1318-1324. [PMID: 38133723 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04017-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The micronutrient trivalent chromium, 3 + (Cr(III)), is postulated to play a role in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Although the mechanisms by which chromium mediates its actions are largely unknown, previous studies have suggested that pharmacological doses of chromium improve cardiometabolic symptoms by augmenting carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was among the many mechanisms proposed to explain the salutary actions of chromium on carbohydrate metabolism. However, the molecular pathways leading to the activation of AMPK by chromium remained elusive. In an elegant series of studies, Sun and coworkers recently demonstrated that chromium augments AMPK activation by binding to the beta-subunit of ATP synthase and inhibiting its enzymatic activity. This mini-review attempts to trace the evolving understanding of the molecular mechanisms of chromium leading to the hitherto novel pathway unraveled by Sun and coworkers and its potential implication to our understanding of the biological actions of chromium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitoria Mattos Pereira
- University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, 82072, USA
| | - Sreejayan Nair
- University of Wyoming, School of Pharmacy, and the Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY, 82072, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khaledi K, Hoseini R, Gharzi A. The impact of vitamin D on type 2 diabetes management: boosting PTP1B gene expression and physical activity benefits in rats. GENES & NUTRITION 2024; 19:4. [PMID: 38431555 PMCID: PMC10908205 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-023-00736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a crucial role in the development of insulin resistance. Aerobic training (AT) and vitamin D (Vit D) supplementation have been shown to individually improve glucose tolerance and diabetes-related factors. However, the impact of their combined effect on PTP1B gene expression and serum irisin in the visceral adipose tissue remains unknown. This study aims to investigate whether 8 weeks of combined AT with Vit D supplementation can improve the expression of PTP1B in adipose tissue and serum irisin in obese rats with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Fifty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: diabetic (n = 40) and non-diabetic (ND; n = 10). The diabetic rats were further divided into four groups: aerobic training with vitamin D supplementation (D + AT + Vit D; n = 10), aerobic training only (D + AT; n = 10), vitamin D supplementation only (D + Vit D; n = 10), and control (D + C; n = 10). The D + Vit D and D + AT + Vit D groups received 5000 IU of vitamin D via injection once a week, while the D + AT and D + C groups received sesame oil. Diabetes was induced in all groups except the nondiabetic group by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin. At the end of the intervention, blood and adipose tissue samples were collected, and RNA was extracted from adipose tissue for real-time PCR analysis of PPTP1B gene expression. RESULTS There was an increase in serum Vit D and irisin levels and a decrease in HOMA-IR and PTP1B gene expression in the diabetic rat model treated with D + AT and injected with 50,000 IU/kg/week of Vit D. Comparatively, when treated with D + AT + Vit D, the downregulation of PTP1B was significantly higher (p = 0.049; p = 0.004), and there was a significant increase in irisin (p = 0.010; p = 0.001). CONCLUSION The present study shows that the combined AT and Vit D supplementation positively impacts the expression of PTP1B in adipose tissue and serum irisin in rats with T2D. These findings suggest that combining AT with Vit D supplementation can provide a new and effective strategy to improve glucose tolerance and diabetes-related factors in individuals with T2D by regulating the expression of PTP1B in adipose tissue and promoting the synthesis of beneficial irisin protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimya Khaledi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rastegar Hoseini
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Gharzi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ureña-Vacas I, González-Burgos E, Divakar PK, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Lichen Depsidones with Biological Interest. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:855-880. [PMID: 34034351 DOI: 10.1055/a-1482-6381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Depsidones are some of the most abundant secondary metabolites produced by lichens. These compounds have aroused great pharmacological interest due to their activities as antioxidants, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic agents. Hence, this paper aims to provide up-to-date knowledge including an overview of the potential biological interest of lichen depsidones. So far, the most studied depsidones are fumarprotocetraric acid, lobaric acid, norstictic acid, physodic acid, salazinic acid, and stictic acid. Their pharmacological activities have been mainly investigated in in vitro studies and, to a lesser extent, in in vivo studies. No clinical trials have been performed yet. Depsidones are promising cytotoxic agents that act against different cell lines of animal and human origin. Moreover, these compounds have shown antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi, mainly Candida spp. Furthermore, depsidones have antioxidant properties as revealed in oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo models. Future research should be focused on further investigating the mechanism of action of depsidones and in evaluating new potential actions as well as other depsidones that have not been studied yet from a pharmacological perspective. Likewise, more in vivo studies are prerequisite, and clinical trials for the most promising depsidones are encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ureña-Vacas
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (Spain)
| | - Elena González-Burgos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (Spain)
| | - Pradeep Kumar Divakar
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (Spain)
| | - M Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (Spain)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Biomaterial-Based Therapeutic Strategies for Obesity and Its Comorbidities. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071445. [PMID: 35890340 PMCID: PMC9320151 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global public health issue that results in many health complications or comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and fatty liver. Pharmacotherapy alone or combined with either lifestyle alteration or surgery represents the main modality to combat obesity and its complications. However, most anti-obesity drugs are limited by their bioavailability, target specificity, and potential toxic effects. Only a handful of drugs, including orlistat, liraglutide, and semaglutide, are currently approved for clinical obesity treatment. Thus, there is an urgent need for alternative treatment strategies. Based on the new revelation of the pathogenesis of obesity and the efforts toward the multi-disciplinary integration of materials, chemistry, biotechnology, and pharmacy, some emerging obesity treatment strategies are gradually entering the field of preclinical and clinical research. Herein, by analyzing the current situation and challenges of various new obesity treatment strategies such as small-molecule drugs, natural drugs, and biotechnology drugs, the advanced functions and prospects of biomaterials in obesity-targeted delivery, as well as their biological activities and applications in obesity treatment, are systematically summarized. Finally, based on the systematic analysis of biomaterial-based obesity therapeutic strategies, the future prospects and challenges in this field are proposed.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kny M, Fielitz J. Hidden Agenda - The Involvement of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in Inflammation-Induced Muscle Wasting. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878755. [PMID: 35615361 PMCID: PMC9124858 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Critically ill patients at the intensive care unit (ICU) often develop a generalized weakness, called ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW). A major contributor to ICUAW is muscle atrophy, a loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. Skeletal muscle assures almost all of the vital functions of our body. It adapts rapidly in response to physiological as well as pathological stress, such as inactivity, immobilization, and inflammation. In response to a reduced workload or inflammation muscle atrophy develops. Recent work suggests that adaptive or maladaptive processes in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), also known as sarcoplasmic reticulum, contributes to this process. In muscle cells, the ER is a highly specialized cellular organelle that assures calcium homeostasis and therefore muscle contraction. The ER also assures correct folding of proteins that are secreted or localized to the cell membrane. Protein folding is a highly error prone process and accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins can cause ER stress, which is counteracted by the activation of a signaling network known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). Three ER membrane residing molecules, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), inositol requiring protein 1a (IRE1a), and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) initiate the UPR. The UPR aims to restore ER homeostasis by reducing overall protein synthesis and increasing gene expression of various ER chaperone proteins. If ER stress persists or cannot be resolved cell death pathways are activated. Although, ER stress-induced UPR pathways are known to be important for regulation of skeletal muscle mass and function as well as for inflammation and immune response its function in ICUAW is still elusive. Given recent advances in the development of ER stress modifying molecules for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, it is important to know whether or not therapeutic interventions in ER stress pathways have favorable effects and these compounds can be used to prevent or treat ICUAW. In this review, we focus on the role of ER stress-induced UPR in skeletal muscle during critical illness and in response to predisposing risk factors such as immobilization, starvation and inflammation as well as ICUAW treatment to foster research for this devastating clinical problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kny
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Fielitz
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Recent Updates on Development of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetes, Obesity and Related Disorders. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
7
|
Teimouri M, Hosseini H, ArabSadeghabadi Z, Babaei-Khorzoughi R, Gorgani-Firuzjaee S, Meshkani R. The role of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications. J Physiol Biochem 2022; 78:307-322. [PMID: 34988903 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00860-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance, the most important characteristic of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is mostly caused by impairment in the insulin receptor (IR) signal transduction pathway. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), one of the main negative regulators of the IR signaling pathway, is broadly expressed in various cells and tissues. PTP1B decreases the phosphorylation of the IR resulting in insulin resistance in various tissues. The evidence for the physiological role of PTP1B in regulation of metabolic pathways came from whole-body PTP1B-knockout mice. Whole-body and tissue-specific PTP1B-knockout mice showed improvement in adiposity, insulin resistance, and glucose tolerance. In addition, the key role of PTP1B in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its complications was further investigated in mice models of PTP1B deficient/overexpression. In recent years, targeting PTP1B using PTP1B inhibitors is being considered an attractive target to treat T2DM. PTP1B inhibitors improve the sensitivity of the insulin receptor and have the ability to cure insulin resistance-related diseases. We herein summarized the biological functions of PTP1B in different tissues in vivo and in vitro. We also describe the effectiveness of potent PTP1B inhibitors as pharmaceutical agents to treat T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra ArabSadeghabadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Babaei-Khorzoughi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sattar Gorgani-Firuzjaee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mitochondrial Quality Control in the Maintenance of Cardiovascular Homeostasis: The Roles and Interregulation of UPS, Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3960773. [PMID: 34804365 PMCID: PMC8601824 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3960773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of normal function of mitochondria is vital to the fate and health of cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms are essential in governing mitochondrial integrity and function. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), mitochondrial dynamics, and mitophagy are three major components of MQC. With the progress of research, our understanding of MQC mechanisms continues to deepen. Gradually, we realize that the three MQC mechanisms are not independent of each other. To the contrary, there are crosstalk among the mechanisms, which can make them interact with each other and cooperate well, forming a triangle interplay. Briefly, the UPS system can regulate the level of mitochondrial dynamic proteins and mitophagy receptors. In the process of Parkin-dependent mitophagy, the UPS is also widely activated, performing critical roles. Mitochondrial dynamics have a profound influence on mitophagy. In this review, we provide new processes of the three major MQC mechanisms in the background of cardiomyocytes and delve into the relationship between them.
Collapse
|
9
|
Uncovering the anti-angiogenic effect of semisynthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Im on HUVECs by an integrated network pharmacology approach. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:105034. [PMID: 34802714 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To reveal the molecular mechanism of anti-angiogenic activity of semisynthetic triterpenoid CDDO-Im. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using re-analysis of cDNA microarray data of CDDO-Im-treated human vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) (GSE71622), functional annotation of revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and analysis of their co-expression, the key processes induced by CDDO-Im in HUVECs were identified. Venn diagram analysis was further performed to reveal the common DEGs, i.e. genes both susceptible to CDDO-Im and involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. A list of probable protein targets of CDDO-Im was prepared based on Connectivity Map/cheminformatics analysis and chemical proteomics data, among which the proteins that were most associated with the angiogenesis-related regulome were identified. Finally, identified targets were validated by molecular docking and text mining approaches. KEY FINDINGS The effect of CDDO-Im in HUVECs can be divided into two main phases: the short early phase (0.5-3 h) with an acute FOXD1/CEBPA/JUNB-regulated pro-angiogenic response induced by xenobiotic stress, and the second anti-angiogenic step (6-24 h) with massive suppression of various angiogenesis-related processes, accompanied by the activation of cytoprotective mechanisms. Our analysis showed that the anti-angiogenic activity of CDDO-Im is mediated by its inhibition of the expression of PLAT, ETS1, A2M, SPAG9, RASGRP3, FBXO32, GCNT1 and HDGFRP3 and its direct interactions with EGFR, mTOR, NOS2, HSP90AA1, MDM2, SYK, IRF3, ATR and KIF14. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings provide valuable insights into the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the anti-angiogenic activity of cyano enone-bearing triterpenoids and revealed a range of novel promising therapeutic targets to control pathological neovascularization.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ren J, Wu NN, Wang S, Sowers JR, Zhang Y. Obesity cardiomyopathy: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Physiol Rev 2021; 101:1745-1807. [PMID: 33949876 PMCID: PMC8422427 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure is on the rise and imposes a major health threat, in part, due to the rapidly increased prevalence of overweight and obesity. To this point, epidemiological, clinical, and experimental evidence supports the existence of a unique disease entity termed “obesity cardiomyopathy,” which develops independent of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and other heart diseases. Our contemporary review evaluates the evidence for this pathological condition, examines putative responsible mechanisms, and discusses therapeutic options for this disorder. Clinical findings have consolidated the presence of left ventricular dysfunction in obesity. Experimental investigations have uncovered pathophysiological changes in myocardial structure and function in genetically predisposed and diet-induced obesity. Indeed, contemporary evidence consolidates a wide array of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the etiology of obesity cardiomyopathy including adipose tissue dysfunction, systemic inflammation, metabolic disturbances (insulin resistance, abnormal glucose transport, spillover of free fatty acids, lipotoxicity, and amino acid derangement), altered intracellular especially mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, autophagy/mitophagy defect, myocardial fibrosis, dampened coronary flow reserve, coronary microvascular disease (microangiopathy), and endothelial impairment. Given the important role of obesity in the increased risk of heart failure, especially that with preserved systolic function and the recent rises in COVID-19-associated cardiovascular mortality, this review should provide compelling evidence for the presence of obesity cardiomyopathy, independent of various comorbid conditions, underlying mechanisms, and offer new insights into potential therapeutic approaches (pharmacological and lifestyle modification) for the clinical management of obesity cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ne N Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyi Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.,University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - James R Sowers
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Insulin-Mimetic Dihydroxanthyletin-Type Coumarins from Angelica decursiva with Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities and Docking Studies of Their Molecular Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020292. [PMID: 33672051 PMCID: PMC7919472 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
As a traditional medicine, Angelica decursiva has been used for the treatment of many diseases. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential of four natural major dihydroxanthyletin-type coumarins—(+)-trans-decursidinol, Pd-C-I, Pd-C-II, and Pd-C-III—to inhibit the enzymes, protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase. In the kinetic study of the PTP1B enzyme’s inhibition, we found that (+)-trans-decursidinol, Pd-C-I, and Pd-C-II led to competitive inhibition, while Pd-C-III displayed mixed-type inhibition. Moreover, (+)-trans-decursidinol exhibited competitive-type, and Pd-C-I and Pd-C-II mixed-type, while Pd-C-III showed non-competitive type inhibition of α-glucosidase. Docking simulations of these coumarins showed negative binding energies and a similar proximity to residues in the PTP1B and α-glucosidase binding pocket, which means they are closely connected and strongly binding with the active enzyme site. In addition, dihydroxanthyletin-type coumarins are up to 40 µM non-toxic in HepG2 cells and have substantially increased glucose uptake and decreased expression of PTP1B in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Further, coumarins inhibited ONOO−-mediated albumin nitration and scavenged peroxynitrite (ONOO−), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Our overall findings showed that dihydroxanthyletin-type coumarins derived from A. decursiva is used as a dual inhibitor for enzymes, such as PTP1B and α-glucosidase, as well as for insulin susceptibility.
Collapse
|
12
|
Proença C, Ribeiro D, Freitas M, Carvalho F, Fernandes E. A comprehensive review on the antidiabetic activity of flavonoids targeting PTP1B and DPP-4: a structure-activity relationship analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4095-4151. [PMID: 33554619 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1872483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an expanding global health problem, resulting from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. In the past few years, both protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), as well as their role in T2D, have attracted the attention of the scientific community. PTP1B plays an important role in insulin resistance and is currently one of the most promising targets for the treatment of T2D, since no available PTP1B inhibitors were still approved. DPP-4 inhibitors are among the most recent agents used in the treatment of T2D (although its use has been associated with possible cardiovascular adverse events). The antidiabetic properties of flavonoids are well-recognized, and include inhibitory effects on the above enzymes, although hitherto not therapeutically explored. In the present study, a comprehensive review of the literature of both synthetic and natural isolated flavonoids as inhibitors of PTP1B and DPP-4 activities is made, including their type of inhibition and experimental conditions, and structure-activity relationship, covering a total of 351 compounds. We intend to provide the most favorable chemical features of flavonoids for the inhibition of PTP1B and DPP-4, gathering information for the future development of compounds with improved potential as T2D therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jiang B, Luo J, Guo S, Wang L. Discovery of 5-(3-bromo-2-(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-4,5-dimethoxybenzylidene)thiazolidine-2,4-dione as a novel potent protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor with antidiabetic properties. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104648. [PMID: 33493928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a well-validated target in therapeutic interventions for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), however, PTP1B inhibitors containing negatively charged nonhydrolyzable pTyr mimetics are difficult to convert to the corresponding in vivo efficacy owing to poor cell permeability and oral bioavailability. In this work, molecules bearing less acidic heterocycle 2,4-thiazolidinedione and hydantoin were designed, synthesized and evaluated for PTP1B inhibitory potency, selectivity and in vivo antidiabetic efficacy. Among them, compound 5a was identified as a potent PTP1B inhibitor (IC50 = 0.86 μM) with 5-fold selectivity over the highly homologous TCPTP. Long-term oral administration of 5a at a dose of 50 mg/kg not only significantly reduced blood glucose levels, triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels but also ameliorated insulin sensitivity in diabetic BKS db mice. Moreover, 5a enhanced the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRβ, IRS-1 and Akt in C2C12 myotubes. A histopathological evaluation of liver and pancreas demonstrated that 5a increased liver glycogen storage and improved islet architecture with more β-cells and fewer α-cells in diabetic mice. Thus, our work demonstrated that compound 5a could serve as a lead compound for the discovery of new antidiabetic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shuju Guo
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shu XS, Zhu H, Huang X, Yang Y, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Ying Y. Loss of β-catenin via activated GSK3β causes diabetic retinal neurodegeneration by instigating a vicious cycle of oxidative stress-driven mitochondrial impairment. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:13437-13462. [PMID: 32575075 PMCID: PMC7377872 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synaptic neurodegeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is the earliest event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Our previous study proposed that impairment of mitochondrial trafficking by hyperphosphorylated tau is a potential contributor to RGCs synapse degeneration. However, other molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial defect in diabetic retinal neurodegeneration remain to be elucidated. Here, using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mouse model, we showed for the first time that downregulation of active β-catenin due to abnormal GSK3β activation caused synaptic neurodegeneration of RGCs by inhibiting ROS scavenging enzymes, thus triggering oxidative stress-driven mitochondrial impairment in HFD-induced diabetes. Rescue of β-catenin via ectopic expression of β-catenin with a recombinant adenoviral vector, or via GSK3β inhibition by a targeted si-GSK3β, through intravitreal administration, abrogated the oxidative stress-derived mitochondrial defect and synaptic neurodegeneration in diabetic RGCs. By contrast, ablation of β-catenin by si-β-catenin abolished the protective effect of GSK3β inhibition on diabetic RGCs by suppression of antioxidant scavengers and augmentation of oxidative stress-driven mitochondrial lesion. Thus, our data identify β-catenin as a part of an endogenous protective system in diabetic RGCs and a promising target to develop intervention strategies that protect RGCs from neurodegeneration at early onset of diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Sheng Shu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Huazhang Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yiling Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weizhen Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Sciences Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Inhibition of Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase PTP1B and LMPTP Promotes Palmitate/Oleate-challenged HepG2 Cell Survival by Reducing Lipoapoptosis, Improving Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitigating Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051294. [PMID: 32369900 PMCID: PMC7288314 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a well-known pathology that is determined without using alcohol and has emerged as a growing public health problem. Lipotoxicity is known to promote hepatocyte death, which, in the context of NAFLD, is termed lipoapoptosis. The severity of NAFLD correlates with the degree of hepatocyte lipoapoptosis. Protein–tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) including PTP1B and Low molecular weight PTP (LMPTP), are negative regulators of the insulin signaling pathway and are considered a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of diabetes. In this study, we hypothesized that the inhibition of PTP1B and LMPTP may potentially prevent hepatocyte apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress onset, following lipotoxicity induced using a free fatty acid (FFA) mixture. Methods: HepG2 cells were cultured in the presence or absence of two PTP inhibitors, namely MSI-1436 and Compound 23, prior to palmitate/oleate overloading. Apoptosis, ER stress, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dynamics were then evaluated by either MUSE or RT-qPCR analysis. Results: The obtained data demonstrate that the inhibition of PTP1B and LMPTP prevents apoptosis induced by palmitate and oleate in the HepG2 cell line. Moreover, mitochondrial dynamics were positively improved following inhibition of the enzyme, with concomitant oxidative stress reduction and ER stress abrogation. Conclusion: In conclusion, PTP’s inhibitory properties may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of FFA-induced lipotoxicity in the liver and ultimately in the management of the NAFLD condition.
Collapse
|
16
|
Vanadium and insulin: Partners in metabolic regulation. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 208:111094. [PMID: 32438270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1970s, the biological role of vanadium compounds has been discussed as insulin-mimetic or insulin-enhancer agents. The action of vanadium compounds has been investigated to determine how they influence the insulin signaling pathway. Khan and coworkers proposed key proteins for the insulin pathway study, introducing the concept "critical nodes". In this review, we also considered critical kinases and phosphatases that participate in this pathway, which will permit a better comprehension of a critical node, where vanadium can act: a) insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrates, and protein tyrosine phosphatases; b) phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase and mammalian target of rapamycin complex, protein kinase B, and phosphatase and tensin homolog; and c) insulin receptor substrates and mitogen-activated protein kinases, each node having specific negative modulators. Additionally, leptin signaling was considered because together with insulin, it modulates glucose and lipid homeostasis. Even in recent literature, the possibility of vanadium acting against metabolic diseases or cancer is confirmed although the mechanisms of action are not well understood because these critical nodes have not been systematically investigated. Through this review, we establish that vanadium compounds mainly act as phosphatase inhibitors and hypothesize on their capacity to affect kinases, which are critical to other hormones that also act on common parts of the insulin pathway.
Collapse
|
17
|
Prabhakar PK, Sivakumar PM. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors: A Novel Therapeutic Strategy for the Management of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:2526-2539. [PMID: 31333090 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716102901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most common endocrine non-communicable metabolic disorders which is mainly caused either due to insufficient insulin or inefficient insulin or both together and is characterized by hyperglycemia. Diabetes emerged as a serious health issue in the industrialized and developing country especially in the Asian pacific region. Out of the two major categories of diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes is more prevalent, almost 90 to 95% cases, and the main cause of this is insulin resistance. The main cause of the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus has been found to be insulin resistance. The type 2 diabetes mellitus may be managed by the change in lifestyle, physical activities, dietary modifications and medications. The major currently available management strategies are sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones, α-glucosidase inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist. Binding of insulin on the extracellular unit of insulin receptor sparks tyrosine kinase of the insulin receptor which induces autophosphorylation. The phosphorylation of the tyrosine is regulated by insulin and leptin molecules. Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) works as a negative governor for the insulin signalling pathways, as it dephosphorylates the tyrosine of the insulin receptor and suppresses the insulin signalling cascade. The compounds or molecules which inhibit the negative regulation of PTP1B can have an inductive effect on the insulin pathway and finally help in the management of diabetes mellitus. PTP1B could be an emerging therapeutic strategy for diabetes management. There are a number of clinical and basic research results which suggest that induced expression of PTP1B reduces insulin resistance. In this review, we briefly elaborate and explain the place of PTP1B and its significance in diabetes as well as a recent development in the PTP1B inhibitors as an antidiabetic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pranav K Prabhakar
- Research & Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab-144411, India
| | - Ponnurengam M Sivakumar
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lalitha N, Sadashivaiah B, Talahalli RR, Singh SA. Lectin rich horsegram protein and myricetin activates insulin signaling – A study targeting PTP1β. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.103845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
|
19
|
Chung IM, Rajakumar G, Subramanian U, Venkidasamy B, Khanna VG, Thiruvengadam M. Insights on the current status and advancement of diabetes mellitus type 2 and to avert complications: An overview. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2020; 67:920-928. [PMID: 31736194 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an endocrine metabolic disorder, occurring worldwide due to aging, advancement in lifestyle by modernization. T2DM is characterized by higher levels of glucose in the blood due to unresponsive secretion of pancreatic insulin and insulin activity or altogether. T2DM is regarded as a powerful genetic susceptible disease that leads to high risk with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. To manage and overcome type 2 diabetes, physical activity, diet strategies, and other therapeutic medications along with usage of antiglycemic agents are developed and attempted appropriately. In the present review, attention has been focused on the understanding of T2DM outcomes, complications with possible management strategies, and pathophysiology of T2DM. Further, a detailed note on antiglycemic agents in use and other possible drugs of choice was discussed in the light of current preventive strategies are presented in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ill-Min Chung
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Govindasamy Rajakumar
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Umadevi Subramanian
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Central University Laboratory Building, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (TANUVAS), Madhavaram Milk Colony, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatesan Gopiesh Khanna
- Department of Biotechnology, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Pallavaram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abdel-Rahman RF, Ezzat SM, Ogaly HA, Abd-Elsalam RM, Hessin AF, Fekry MI, Mansour DF, Mohamed SO. Ficus deltoidea extract down-regulates protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B expression in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a new insight into its antidiabetic mechanism. J Nutr Sci 2020; 9:e2. [PMID: 32042410 PMCID: PMC6984126 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2019.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea Jack (FD) is a well-known plant used in Malay folklore medicine to lower blood glucose in diabetic patients. For further research of the antihyperglycemic mechanisms, the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B)-inhibitory effect of FD was analysed both in vitro and in vivo. To optimise a method for FD extraction, water, 50, 70, 80, 90 and 95 % ethanol extracts were prepared and determined for their total phenolic and triterpene contents, and PTP1B-inhibition capacity. Among the tested extracts, 70 % ethanol FD extract showed a significant PTP1B inhibition (92·0 % inhibition at 200 µg/ml) and high phenolic and triterpene contents. A bioassay-guided fractionation of the 70 % ethanol extract led to the isolation of a new triterpene (3β,11β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-23-oic acid; F3) along with six known compounds. In vivo, 4 weeks' administration of 70 % ethanol FD extract (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/d) to streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats reversed the abnormal changes of blood glucose, insulin, total Hb, GLUT2, lipid profile, and oxidative stress in liver and pancreas. Moreover, FD reduced the mRNA expression of the key gluconeogenic enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose 6-phosphatase) and restored insulin receptor and GLUT2 encoding gene (Slc2a2) expression. In addition, FD significantly down-regulated the hepatic PTP1B gene expression. These results revealed that FD could potentially improve insulin sensitivity, suppress hepatic glucose output and enhance glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes mellitus through down-regulation of PTP1B. Together, our findings give scientific evidence for the traditional use of FD as an antidiabetic agent.
Collapse
Key Words
- CAT, catalase
- Dihydroxyolean-12-en-23-oic acid
- FBG, fasting blood glucose
- FD, Ficus deltoidea var. deltoidea Jack
- Ficus deltoidea
- G6Pase, glucose 6-phosphatase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- Glucose 6-phosphatase
- Glucose transporter-2
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MET, metformin
- NA, nicotinamide
- PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- PTP, protein tyrosine phosphatase
- Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- STZ, streptozotocin
- Slc2a2, GLUT2 gene
- T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahira M. Ezzat
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Einy Street, Cairo11562, Egypt
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts, 6th October Campus, 12566, Egypt
| | - Hanan A. Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham M. Abd-Elsalam
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alyaa F. Hessin
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mostafa I. Fekry
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Einy Street, Cairo11562, Egypt
| | - Dina F. Mansour
- Pharmacology Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shanaz O. Mohamed
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Eizadi M, Mirakhori Z, Farajtabar Behrestaq S. Effect of 8-Week Interval Training on Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Expression in Gastrocnemius Muscle and Insulin Resistance in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.34172/ajmb.2019.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin resistance induced by genetic and metabolic disorders is the main cause of the prevalence or severity of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) plays a key role in regulating glucose homeostasis as a negative regulator of insulin signaling pathway. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the effect of interval training on PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle and insulin resistance in male rats with T2D. Methods: T2D was induced by high fat diet (HFD) and intraperitoneal injection of STZ in 14 male Wistar rats and then they were divided randomly into exercise (n=7) or control (n=7) groups. Exercise rats completed an 8 weeks interval training (5 days/week) and control rats remained without training. Fasting glucose, serum insulin, and PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle were measured 48 hours after the last exercise session. Insulin resistance was assessed using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula based on fasting insulin and glucose levels. An independent t test was used to compare each parameter between 2 groups. A P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Interval training resulted in a significant decrease in fasting glucose level (P<0.0001) and insulin resistance (P=0.018) as well as an increase in serum insulin level (P<0.0001). PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle decreased significantly compared with control rats (P=0.003) Conclusion: Interval training can improve insulin resistance in T2D rats. This improvement may be attributed to the decrease in PTP1B expression in gastrocnemius muscle by interval training.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Eizadi
- Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
| | - Zahra Mirakhori
- Assistant Professor of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Nguyen PH, Tuan HN, Hoang DT, Vu QT, Pham MQ, Tran MH, To DC. Glucose Uptake Stimulatory and PTP1B Inhibitory Activities of Pimarane Diterpenes from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120859. [PMID: 31835878 PMCID: PMC7017366 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven pimarane diterpenes (1–7) were isolated from Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. by assay-guided isolation. All of the isolates possessed a 2-deoxy-2-((7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino)-d-glucose uptake effect in 3T3-L1 adipocytes at concentrations of 5 and 10 μM. Most of them showed potent inhibition against protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B with IC50 values ranging from 0.33 to 9.84 μM. In the kinetic study, all inhibition types were exposed for the examined potencies, including mixed-competitive (1), non-competitives (3 and 5), competitive (6), and uncompetitive (7). The results suggested that O. stamineus and its pimarane diterpenes might exert the hypoglycemic effect via the insulin signaling pathway targeting inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phi Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam;
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (P.H.N.); (D.C.T.)
| | - Huynh Nhu Tuan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Dong A University, 33 Xo Viet Nghe Tinh, Hai Chau District, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam;
| | - Duc Thuan Hoang
- Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi 123106, Vietnam; (D.T.H.); (Q.T.V.)
| | - Quoc Trung Vu
- Hanoi National University of Education, 136 Xuan Thuy, Cau Giay, Hanoi 123106, Vietnam; (D.T.H.); (Q.T.V.)
| | - Minh Quan Pham
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam;
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi 122100, Vietnam
| | - Manh Hung Tran
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Institute for Research & Executive Education (VNUK), The University of Danang, 158A Le Loi, Hai Chau, Danang 551000, Vietnam;
| | - Dao Cuong To
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
- Phenikaa Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, No.167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (P.H.N.); (D.C.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
SarathKumar B, Lakshmi BS. In silico investigations on the binding efficacy and allosteric mechanism of six different natural product compounds towards PTP1B inhibition through docking and molecular dynamics simulations. J Mol Model 2019; 25:272. [PMID: 31451955 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is a major negative regulator of both the insulin and leptin receptor phosphorylation which impacts insulin sensitivity and hence is a major therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Identification of PTP1B active site inhibitors has proven to be difficult with none of them clearing the phase II clinical trials. Since the conventional methods of targeting the active site of PTP1B have failed to bring out effective PTP1B inhibitors as potential drugs, recent studies are focussing on identification of potential allosteric inhibitors of PTP1B with better specificity and activity. A complete understanding of the molecular features dynamically involved for allosteric site inhibition is still uncertain, and hence, this study is aimed at evaluating the allosteric effectiveness of six natural compounds isolated from medicinal plants which showed in vitro antidiabetic activity along with PTP1B inhibition. The allosteric binding and inhibition of these compounds are studied using computational methods such as molecular docking, homology modelling and molecular dynamics simulations for a timescale of 100 ns. The molecular dynamics simulations of native PTP1B, along with the modelled allosteric α-7 helix, for a timescale of 100 ns, revealed the spontaneous transition of the native PTP1B from open WPD loop (active) to closed WPD loop (inactive) conformations during the simulations. Similar dynamics was observed in the presence of the active site substrate pTyr (phosphotyrosine), whereas this transition was inhibited in the presence of the compounds at the allosteric site. Results of molecular dynamics simulations and principal component analysis reveal that the hindrance to WPD loop was mediated through structural interactions between the allosteric α-helical triad with Loop11 and WPD loop. The MM-PBSA (Molecular Mechanics - Poisson Boltzmann with Surface Area solvation) binding energy results along with H-bonding analysis show the possible allosteric inhibition of Aloe emodin glycoside (AEG), 3β-taraxerol (3BT), chlorogenic acid (CGA) and cichoric acid (CHA) to be higher in comparison with (3β)-stigmast-5-en-3-ol (SGS) and methyl lignocerate (MLG). The interaction analysis was further validated by scoring the allosteric complexes before and after MD simulations using Glide. These findings on spontaneous PTP1B fluctuations and the allosteric interactions provide a better insight into the role of PTP1B fluctuations in impacting the binding energy of allosteric inhibitors towards optimal drug designing for PTP1B. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baskaran SarathKumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 025, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
The development of protein tyrosine phosphatase1B inhibitors defined by binding sites in crystalline complexes. Future Med Chem 2019; 10:2345-2367. [PMID: 30273014 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase1B (PTP1B), a significant negative regulator in insulin and leptin signaling pathways, has emerged as a promising drug target for Type II diabetes mellitus and obesity. Numerous potent PTP1B inhibitors have been discovered within both academia and pharmaceutical industry. However, nearly all medicinal chemistry efforts have been severely hindered because a vast majority of them demonstrate poor membrane permeability and low-selectivity, especially over T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP). To search the rules about the selectivity over TCPTP and membrane permeability of PTP1B inhibitors, based on the PTP1B/inhibitor crystal complexes, the development PTP1B inhibitors defined as AB, AC, ABC and ADC types have been concluded in the review.
Collapse
|
25
|
Verma SK, Yadav YS, Thareja S. 2,4-Thiazolidinediones as PTP 1B Inhibitors: A Mini Review (2012-2018). Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:591-598. [PMID: 30968766 DOI: 10.2174/1389557518666181026092029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
2,4-thiazolidinedione (TZD) scaffold is a synthetic versatile scaffold explored by medicinal chemists for the discovery of novel molecules for the target-specific approach to treat or manage number of deadly ailments. PTP 1B is the negative regulator of insulin signaling cascade, and its diminished activity results in abolishment of insulin resistance associated with T2DM. The present review focused on the seven years journey (2012-2018) of TZDs as PTP 1B inhibitors with the insight into the amendments in the structural framework of TZD scaffold in order to optimize/design potential PTP 1B inhibitors. We have investigated the synthesized molecules based on TZD scaffold with potential activity profile against PTP 1B. Based on the SAR studies, the combined essential pharmacophoric features of selective and potent TZDs have been mapped and presented herewith for further design and synthesis of novel inhibitors of PTP 1B. Compound 46 bearing TZD scaffold with N-methyl benzoic acid and 5-(3-methoxy-4-phenethoxy) benzylidene exhibited the most potent activity (IC50 1.1 µM). Imidazolidine-2,4-dione, isosteric analogue of TZD, substituted with 1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-5-(3-(2,4- dichlorobenzyloxy)benzylidene) (Compound 15) also endowed with very good PTP inhibitory activity profile (IC50 0.57 µM). It is noteworthy that Z-configuration is essential in structural framework around the double bond of arylidene for the designing of bi-dentate ligands with optimum activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sant Kumar Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur- 495 009 (C.G.), India
| | - Yatesh Sharad Yadav
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur- 495 009 (C.G.), India
| | - Suresh Thareja
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Central University, Bilaspur- 495 009 (C.G.), India
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Anti-Diabetic Activity of 2,3,6-Tribromo-4,5-Dihydroxybenzyl Derivatives from Symphyocladia latiuscula through PTP1B Downregulation and α-Glucosidase Inhibition. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17030166. [PMID: 30875760 PMCID: PMC6471218 DOI: 10.3390/md17030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The marine alga, Symphyocladia latiuscula (Harvey) Yamada, is a good source of bromophenols with numerous biological activities. This study aims to characterize the anti-diabetic potential of 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl derivatives isolated from S. latiuscula via their inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase. Additionally, this study uses in silico modeling and glucose uptake potential analysis in insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cells to reveal the mechanism of anti-diabetic activity. This bioassay-guided isolation led to the discovery of three potent bromophenols that act against PTP1B and α-glucosidase: 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl alcohol (1), 2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether (2), and bis-(2,3,6-tribromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl methyl ether) (3). All compounds inhibited the target enzymes by 50% at concentrations below 10 μM. The activity of 1 and 2 was comparable to ursolic acid (IC50; 8.66 ± 0.82 μM); however, 3 was more potent (IC50; 5.29 ± 0.08 μM) against PTP1B. Interestingly, the activity of 1–3 against α-glucosidase was 30–110 times higher than acarbose (IC50; 212.66 ± 0.35 μM). Again, 3 was the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor (IC50; 1.92 ± 0.02 μM). Similarly, 1–3 showed concentration-dependent glucose uptake in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells and downregulated PTP1B expression. Enzyme kinetics revealed different modes of inhibition. In silico molecular docking simulations demonstrated the importance of the 7–OH group for H-bond formation and bromine/phenyl ring number for halogen-bond interactions. These results suggest that bromophenols from S. latiuscula, especially highly brominated 3, are inhibitors of PTP1B and α-glucosidase, enhance insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake, and may represent a novel class of anti-diabetic drugs.
Collapse
|
27
|
Jäger M, Hubert A, Gogiraju R, Bochenek ML, Münzel T, Schäfer K. Inducible Knockdown of Endothelial Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-1B Promotes Neointima Formation in Obese Mice by Enhancing Endothelial Senescence. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:927-944. [PMID: 29390191 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) is a negative regulator of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. In this study, we determined the importance of PTP1B expressed in endothelial cells for the vascular response to arterial injury in obesity. RESULTS Morphometric analysis of vascular lesions generated by 10% ferric chloride (FeCl3) revealed that tamoxifen-inducible endothelial PTP1B deletion (Tie2.ERT2-Cre × PTP1Bfl/fl; End.PTP1B knockout, KO) significantly increased neointima formation, and reduced numbers of (endothelial lectin-positive) luminal cells in End.PTP1B-KO mice suggested impaired lesion re-endothelialization. Significantly higher numbers of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive proliferating cells as well as smooth muscle actin (SMA)-positive or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM1)-positive activated smooth muscle cells or vimentin-positive myofibroblasts were detected in neointimal lesions of End.PTP1B-KO mice, whereas F4/80-positive macrophage numbers did not differ. Activated receptor tyrosine kinase and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling and oxidative stress markers were also significantly more abundant in End.PTP1B-KO mouse lesions. Genetic knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of PTP1B in endothelial cells resulted in increased expression of caveolin-1 and oxidative stress, and distinct morphological changes, elevated numbers of senescence-associated β-galactosidase-positive cells, and increased expression of tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53) or the cell cycle inhibitor cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-2A (p16INK4A) suggested senescence, all of which could be attenuated by small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated downregulation of caveolin-1. In vitro, senescence could be prevented and impaired re-endothelialization restored by preincubation with the antioxidant Trolox. INNOVATION Our results reveal a previously unknown role of PTP1B in endothelial cells and provide mechanistic insights how PTP1B deletion or inhibition may promote endothelial senescence. CONCLUSION Absence of PTP1B in endothelial cells impairs re-endothelialization, and the failure to induce smooth muscle cell quiescence or to protect from circulating growth factors may result in neointimal hyperplasia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Jäger
- 1 Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,2 Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Hubert
- 1 Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rajinikanth Gogiraju
- 1 Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Magdalena L Bochenek
- 1 Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,2 Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Berlin, Germany.,3 Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- 1 Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,2 Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrin Schäfer
- 1 Center for Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,2 Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xie F, Yang F, Liang Y, Li L, Xia Y, Jiang F, Liu W, Qi Y, Chowdhury SR, Xie D, Fu L. Investigation of stereoisomeric bisarylethenesulfonic acid esters for discovering potent and selective PTP1B inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 164:408-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
29
|
Luo J, Jiang B, Li C, Jia X, Shi D. CYC27 Synthetic Derivative of Bromophenol from Red Alga Rhodomela confervoides: Anti-Diabetic Effects of Sensitizing Insulin Signaling Pathways and Modulating RNA Splicing-Associated RBPs. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E49. [PMID: 30641913 PMCID: PMC6356253 DOI: 10.3390/md17010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) lie at the center of posttranscriptional regulation and the dysregulation of RBPs contributes to diabetes. Therefore, the modulation of RBPs is anticipated to become a potential therapeutic approach to diabetes. CYC27 is a synthetic derivative of marine bromophenol BDB, which is isolated from red alga Rhodomela confervoides. In this study, we found that CYC27 significantly lowered the blood glucose levels of diabetic BKS db mice. Moreover, CYC27 effectively ameliorated dyslipidemia in BKS db mice by reducing their total serum cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. Furthermore, CYC27 was an insulin-sensitizing agent with increased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin receptors and relevant downstream factors. Finally, to systemically study the mechanisms of CYC27, label-free quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis was performed to investigate global changes in phosphorylation. Enriched GO annotation showed that most regulated phosphoproteins were related to RNA splicing and RNA processing. Enriched KEGG analysis showed that a spliceosome-associated pathway was the predominant pathway after CYC27 treatment. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis showed that CYC27 modulated the process of mRNA splicing via phosphorylation of the relevant RBPs, including upregulated Cstf3 and Srrt. Our results suggested that CYC27 treatment exerted promising anti-diabetic effects by sensitizing the insulin signaling pathways and modulating RNA splicing-associated RBPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Luo
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Bo Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Chao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Xiaoling Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sadgrove NJ. The new paradigm for androgenetic alopecia and plant-based folk remedies: 5α-reductase inhibition, reversal of secondary microinflammation and improving insulin resistance. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 227:206-236. [PMID: 30195058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Research in the past half a century has gradually sketched the biological mechanism leading to androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Until recently the aetiological paradigm has been too limited to enable intelligent commentary on the use of folk remedies to treat or reduce the expression of this condition. However, our understanding is now at a point where we can describe how some folk remedies work, predict how effective they will be or why they fail. RESULTS The new paradigm of AGA is that inheritance and androgens (dihydrotestosterone) are the primary contributors and a secondary pathology, microinflammation, reinforces the process at more advanced stages of follicular miniaturisation. The main protagonist to microinflammation is believed to be microbial or Demodex over-colonisation of the infundibulum of the pilosebaceous unit, which can be ameliorated by antimicrobial/acaricidal or anti-inflammatory therapies that are used as adjuvants to androgen dependent treatments (either synthetic or natural). Furthermore, studies reveal that suboptimal androgen metabolism occurs in both AGA and insulin resistance (low SHBG or high DHT), suggesting comorbidity. Both can be ameliorated by dietary phytochemicals, such as specific classes of phenols (isoflavones, phenolic methoxy abietanes, hydroxylated anthraquinones) or polycyclic triterpenes (sterols, lupanes), by dual inhibition of key enzymes in AGA (5α-reductase) and insulin resistance (ie., DPP-4 or PTP1B) or agonism of nuclear receptors (PPARγ). Evidence strongly indicates that some plant-based folk remedies can ameliorate both primary and secondary aetiological factors in AGA and improve insulin resistance, or act merely as successful adjuvants to mainstream androgen dependent therapies. CONCLUSION Thus, if AGA is viewed as an outcome of primary and secondary factors, then it is better that a 'multimodal' or 'umbrella' approach, to achieve cessation and/or reversal, is put into practice, using complementation of chemical species (isoflavones, anthraquinones, procyanidins, triterpenes, saponins and hydrogen sulphide prodrugs), thereby targeting multiple 'factors'.
Collapse
|
31
|
Xu SH, Xu W, Wang L, Hu YK, Liu JP, Zhao Y, Li MJ, Li F, Huang SX, Zhao Y. New phloroglucinol derivatives with protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory activities from Syzygium austroyunnanense. Fitoterapia 2018; 131:141-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
32
|
Chen J, Cao Z, Guan J. SHP2 inhibitor PHPS1 protects against atherosclerosis by inhibiting smooth muscle cell proliferation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:72. [PMID: 29703160 PMCID: PMC5923012 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smooth muscle cells play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. SHP2 is known to regulate the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the SHP2 inhibitor PHPS1 has a pro-atherosclerotic or an atheroprotective effect in vivo and in vitro. METHODS After exposure to a high-cholesterol diet for 4 weeks, LDL receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice were exposed to the SHP2 inhibitor PHPS1 or vehicle. Body weight, serum glucose and lipid levels were determined. The size and composition of atherosclerotic plaques were measured by en face analysis, Movat staining and immunohistochemistry. The phosphorylation of SHP2 and related signaling molecules was analyzed by Western blot. Mechanistic analyses were performed in oxLDL-stimulated cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) with or without 10 mM PHPS1 pretreatment. Protein phosphorylation levels were detected by Western blot, and VSMC proliferation was assessed by BrdU staining. RESULTS PHPS1 decreased the number of atherosclerotic plaques without significantly affecting body weight, serum glucose levels or lipid metabolism. Plaque composition analysis showed a significant decrease in the number of VSMCs in atherosclerotic lesions of Ldlr-/- mice treated with PHPS1. Stimulation with oxLDL induced a dose-dependent increase in the number of VSMCs and in SHP2 and ERK phosphorylation levels, and these effects were blocked by PHPS1. CONCLUSION The SHP2 inhibitor PHPS1 exerts a protective effect against atherosclerosis by reducing VSMC proliferation via SHP2/ERK pathway activation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Benzenesulfonates/pharmacology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Hydrazones/pharmacology
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Phosphorylation
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Friendship Road 181, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Navy 411 Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingshu Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Friendship Road 181, Baoshan District, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Du Y, Zhang Y, Ling H, Li Q, Shen J. Discovery of novel high potent and cellular active ADC type PTP1B inhibitors with selectivity over TC-PTP via modification interacting with C site. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:692-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
34
|
Jiang CS, Zhang L, Gong JX, Li JY, Yao LG, Li J, Guo YW. Concise synthesis and PTP1B inhibitory activity of (R)- and (S)-dihydroresorcylide. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2017; 19:1204-1213. [PMID: 28436691 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2017.1317752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to develop a concise synthetic route for macrolide, with the purpose of confirming the absolute configuration of natural dihydroresorcylide (1) and making it more easily accessible for biological evaluation. The absolute configuration of C-3 in natural 1 was revised to be R by comparison of the rotation sign of synthetic (R)- and (S)-1. The synthetic (R)-1 was found to be a novel highly specific PTP1B inhibitor with an IC50 value of 17.06 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Shi Jiang
- a State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
- b School of Biological Science and Technology , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Li Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jing-Xu Gong
- a State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jing-Ya Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Li-Gong Yao
- a State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Jia Li
- a State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Yue-Wei Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Drug Research , Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203 , China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Jung HJ, Seong SH, Ali MY, Min BS, Jung HA, Choi JS. α-Methyl artoflavanocoumarin from Juniperus chinensis exerts anti-diabetic effects by inhibiting PTP1B and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:1403-1413. [PMID: 29177868 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the greatest global health issues and much research effort continues to be directed toward identifying novel therapeutic agents. Insulin resistance is a challenging integrally related topic and molecules capable of overcoming it are of considerable therapeutic interest in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) negatively regulates insulin signaling transduction and is regarded a novel therapeutic target in T2DM. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of α-methyl artoflavanocoumarin (MAFC), a natural flavanocoumarin isolated from Juniperus chinensis, on PTP1B in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. MAFC was found to potently inhibit PTP1B with an IC50 of 25.27 ± 0.14 µM, and a kinetics study revealed MAFC is a mixed type PTP1B inhibitor with a K i value of 13.84 µM. Molecular docking simulations demonstrated MAFC can bind to catalytic and allosteric sites of PTP1B. Furthermore, MAFC significantly increased glucose uptake and decreased the expression of PTP1B in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, down-regulated the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 (Ser307), and dose-dependently enhanced the protein levels of IRS-1, phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt, and ERK1. These results suggest that MAFC from J. chinensis has therapeutic potential in T2DM by inhibiting PTP1B and activating insulin signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jin Jung
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Yousof Ali
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Xiong J, Wan J, Ding J, Wang PP, Ma GL, Li J, Hu JF. Camellianols A-G, Barrigenol-like Triterpenoids with PTP1B Inhibitory Effects from the Endangered Ornamental Plant Camellia crapnelliana. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2874-2882. [PMID: 29064696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Seven new naturally occurring barrigenol-like compounds, camellianols A-G (1-7), and 10 known triterpenoids were isolated from the twigs and leaves of the cultivated endangered ornamental plant Camellia crapnelliana. According to the ECD octant rule for saturated cyclohexanones, the absolute configurations of camellianols D (4) and E (5) were defined. The backbones of the remaining new isolates are assumed to have the same absolute configuration as compounds 4, 5, and harpullone (12). Compounds 2, 3, 9, 10, 13, and 16 exhibited inhibitory effects on the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme, with IC50 values less than 10 μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiong
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Wan
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Ding
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering , Zigong 643000, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Lei Ma
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Feng Hu
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University , Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Proença C, Freitas M, Ribeiro D, Sousa JLC, Carvalho F, Silva AMS, Fernandes PA, Fernandes E. Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B by flavonoids: A structure - activity relationship study. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:474-481. [PMID: 29175190 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The classical non-transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has emerged as a key negative regulator of insulin signaling pathways that leads to insulin resistance, turning this enzyme a promising therapeutic target in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the present work, the in vitro inhibitory activity of a panel of structurally related flavonoids, for recombinant human PTP1B was studied and the type of inhibition of the most active compounds further evaluated. The majority of the studied flavonoids was tested in this work for the first time, including flavonoid C13, which was the most potent inhibitor. It was observed that the ability to inhibit PTP1B depends on the nature, position and number of substituents in the flavonoid structure, as the presence of both 7- and 8-OBn groups in the A ring, together with the presence of both 3' and 4'-OMe groups in the B ring and the 3-OH group in the C ring; these substituents increase the flavonoids' ability to inhibit PTP1B. In conclusion, some of the tested flavonoids seem to be promising PTP1B inhibitors and potential effective agents in the management of T2DM, by increasing insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Proença
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marisa Freitas
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Ribeiro
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana L C Sousa
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Félix Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Pedro A Fernandes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Fernandes
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Bhakta HK, Paudel P, Fujii H, Sato A, Park CH, Yokozawa T, Jung HA, Choi JS. Oligonol promotes glucose uptake by modulating the insulin signaling pathway in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells via inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. Arch Pharm Res 2017; 40:1314-1327. [PMID: 29027136 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-017-0970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) overexpression are strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is characterized by defects in insulin signaling and glucose intolerance. In a previous study, we demonstrated oligonol inhibits PTP1B and α-glucosidase related to T2DM. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic effects of oligonol in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Glucose uptake was assessed using a fluorescent glucose tracer, 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)amino]-2-deoxyglucose, and the signaling pathway was investigated by western blotting. Oligonol significantly increased insulin-provoked glucose uptake and decreased PTP1B expression, followed by modulation of ERK phosphorylation. In addition, oligonol activated insulin receptor substrate 1 by reducing phosphorylation at serine 307 and increasing that at tyrosine 895, and enhanced the phosphorylations of Akt and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Interestingly, it also reduced the expression of two key enzymes of gluconeogenesis (glucose 6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), attenuated oxidative stress by scavenging/inhibiting peroxynitrite, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and augmented the expression of nuclear factor kappa B. These findings suggest oligonol improved the insulin sensitivity of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells by attenuating the insulin signaling blockade and modulating glucose uptake and production. Furthermore, oligonol attenuated ROS-related inflammation and prevented oxidative damage in our in vitro model of type 2 diabetes. These result indicate oligonol has promising potential as a treatment for T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar Bhakta
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajime Fujii
- Amino Up Chemical Company Ltd., Sapporo, 004-0839, Japan
| | - Atsuya Sato
- Amino Up Chemical Company Ltd., Sapporo, 004-0839, Japan
| | - Chan Hum Park
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, 369-873, Republic of Korea
| | - Takako Yokozawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, University of Toyama, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Four new neolignans isolated from Eleutherococcus senticosus and their protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitory activity (PTP1B). Fitoterapia 2017; 121:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
40
|
Adisakwattana S. Cinnamic Acid and Its Derivatives: Mechanisms for Prevention and Management of Diabetes and Its Complications. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020163. [PMID: 28230764 PMCID: PMC5331594 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With recent insight into the development of dietary supplements and functional foods, search of effective phytochemical compounds and their mechanisms involved in prevention and management of diabetes and its complications are now being assessed. Cinnamic acid and its derivatives occur naturally in high levels of plant-based foods. Among various biological activities, cinnamic acid and its derivatives are associated with a beneficial influence on diabetes and its complications. The aim of the review is to summarize the potential mechanisms of these compounds for prevention and management of diabetes and its complications. Based on several in vitro studies and animal models, cinnamic acid and its derivatives act on different mechanism of actions, including stimulation of insulin secretion, improvement of pancreatic β-cell functionality, inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, enhanced glucose uptake, increased insulin signaling pathway, delay of carbohydrate digestion and glucose absorption, and inhibition of protein glycation and insulin fibrillation. However, due to the limited intestinal absorption being a result of low bioavailability of cinnamic acid and its derivatives, current improvement efforts with entrapping into solid and liquid particles are highlighted. Further human clinical studies are needed to clarify the effects of cinnamic acid and its derivatives in diabetic patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirichai Adisakwattana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Corti F, Simons M. Modulation of VEGF receptor 2 signaling by protein phosphatases. Pharmacol Res 2017; 115:107-123. [PMID: 27888154 PMCID: PMC5205541 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of serines, threonines, and tyrosines is a central event in signal transduction cascades in eukaryotic cells. The phosphorylation state of any particular protein reflects a balance of activity between kinases and phosphatases. Kinase biology has been exhaustively studied and is reasonably well understood, however, much less is known about phosphatases. A large body of evidence now shows that protein phosphatases do not behave as indiscriminate signal terminators, but can function both as negative or positive regulators of specific signaling pathways. Genetic models have also shown that different protein phosphatases play precise biological roles in health and disease. Finally, genome sequencing has unveiled the existence of many protein phosphatases and associated regulatory subunits comparable in number to kinases. A wide variety of roles for protein phosphatase roles have been recently described in the context of cancer, diabetes, hereditary disorders and other diseases. In particular, there have been several recent advances in our understanding of phosphatases involved in regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signaling. The receptor is the principal signaling molecule mediating a wide spectrum of VEGF signal and, thus, is of paramount significance in a wide variety of diseases ranging from cancer to cardiovascular to ophthalmic. This review focuses on the current knowledge about protein phosphatases' regulation of VEGFR2 signaling and how these enzymes can modulate its biological effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Corti
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Michael Simons
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Promising Inhibitory Effects of Anthraquinones, Naphthopyrone, and Naphthalene Glycosides, from Cassia obtusifolia on α-Glucosidase and Human Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases 1B. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010028. [PMID: 28035984 PMCID: PMC6155831 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to evaluate the anti-diabetic potentials of 16 anthraquinones, two naphthopyrone glycosides, and one naphthalene glycoside from Cassia obtusifolia via inhibition against the protein tyrosine phosphatases 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase. Among them, anthraquinones emodin and alaternin exhibited the highest inhibitory activities on PTP1B and α-glucosidase, respectively. Moreover, we examined the effects of alaternin and emodin on stimulation of glucose uptake by insulin-resistant human HepG2 cells. The results showed that alaternin and emodin significantly increased the insulin-provoked glucose uptake. In addition, our kinetic study revealed that alaternin competitively inhibited PTP1B, and showed mixed-type inhibition against α-glucosidase. In order to confirm enzyme inhibition, we predicted the 3D structure of PTP1B using Autodock 4.2 to simulate the binding of alaternin. The docking simulation results demonstrated that four residues of PTP1B (Gly183, Arg221, Ile219, Gly220) interact with three hydroxyl groups of alaternin and that the binding energy was negative (−6.30 kcal/mol), indicating that the four hydrogen bonds stabilize the open form of the enzyme and potentiate tight binding of the active site of PTP1B, resulting in more effective PTP1B inhibition. The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that C. obtusifolia and its constituents have potential anti-diabetic activity and can be used as a functional food for the treatment of diabetes and associated complications.
Collapse
|
43
|
Saidu Y, Muhammad SA, Abbas AY, Onu A, Tsado IM, Muhammad L. In vitro screening for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors from selected Nigerian medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH 2016; 6:154-157. [PMID: 28512596 PMCID: PMC5429074 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20161219011346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aim: Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) have been identified as one of the drug targets for the treatment of Type-2 diabetes. This study was designed to screen for PTP 1B and DPP-IV inhibitors from some Nigerian medicinal plants. Materials and Methods: PTP 1B and DPP-IV drug discovery kits from Enzo Life Sciences were used to investigate in vitro inhibitory effect of crude methanolic extract of 10 plants; Mangifera indica, Moringa oleifera, Acacia nilotica, Arachis hypogaea, Senna nigricans, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis procera, Leptadenia hastata, Ziziphus mauritiana, and Solanum incanum. Results: The results indicated PTP IB inhibition by S. nigricans (68.2 ± 2.29%), A. indica (67.4 ± 2.80%), A. hypogaea (57.2 ± 2.50%), A. nilotica (55.1 ± 2.19%), and M. oleifera (41.2 ± 1.87%) were significantly (P < 0.05) higher as compared with standard inhibitor, sumarin while that of L. hastata (18.1 ± 2.00%) was significantly lower as compared with sumarin. The PTB 1B inhibition by M. indica (31.5 ± 1.90%) was not significantly (P > 0.05) different from that of sumarin. The DPP-IV inhibition by S. incanum (68.1 ± 2.71%) was significantly higher as compared with a known inhibitor, P32/98. S. nigrican (57.0±1.91%), Z. mauritiana (56.6±2.01%), A. hypogaea (51.0±1.30%), M. indica (44.6 ± 2.40%), C. procera (36.2 ± 2.00%), A. nilotica (35.4 ± 2.10%), and A. indica (33.6 ± 1.50%) show significantly (P < 0.05) lower inhibitions toward DPP-IV. Conclusion: The work demonstrated that these plant materials could serve as sources of lead compounds in the development of anti-diabetic agent(s) targeting PTP 1B and/or DPP-IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Saidu
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
| | | | | | - Andrew Onu
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
| | | | - Luba Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lennicke C, Rahn J, Kipp AP, Dojčinović BP, Müller AS, Wessjohann LA, Lichtenfels R, Seliger B. Individual effects of different selenocompounds on the hepatic proteome and energy metabolism of mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:3323-3334. [PMID: 27565357 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Selenium (Se) exerts its biological activity largely via selenoproteins, which are key enzymes for maintaining the cellular redox homeostasis. However, besides these beneficial effects there is also evidence that an oversupply of Se might increase the risk towards developing metabolic disorders. To address this in more detail, we directly compared effects of feeding distinct Se compounds and concentrations on hepatic metabolism and expression profiles of mice. METHODS Male C57BL6/J mice received either a selenium-deficient diet or diets enriched with adequate or high doses of selenite, selenate or selenomethionine for 20weeks. Subsequently, metabolic parameters, enzymatic activities and expression levels of hepatic selenoproteins, Nrf2 targets, and additional redox-sensitive proteins were analyzed. Furthermore, 2D-DIGE-based proteomic profiling revealed Se compound-specific differentially expressed proteins. RESULTS Whereas heterogeneous effects between high concentrations of the Se compounds were observed with regard to body weight and metabolic activities, selenoproteins were only marginally increased by high Se concentrations in comparison to the respective adequate feeding. In particular the high-SeMet group showed a unique response compromising higher hepatic Se levels in comparison to all other groups. Accordingly, hepatic glutathione (GSH) levels, glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity, and GSTpi1 expression were comparably high in the high-SeMet and Se-deficient group, indicating that compound-specific effects of high doses appear to be independent of selenoproteins. CONCLUSIONS Not only the nature, but also the concentration of Se compounds differentially affect biological processes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Thus, it is important to consider Se compound-specific effects when supplementing with selenium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lennicke
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jette Rahn
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anna P Kipp
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Biljana P Dojčinović
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Center of Chemistry, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andreas S Müller
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany; Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, 4221 Steyregg, Austria
| | | | - Rudolf Lichtenfels
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu P, Du Y, Song L, Shen J, Li Q. Discovery of novel, high potent, ABC type PTP1B inhibitors with TCPTP selectivity and cellular activity. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 118:27-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
46
|
Recent advances in the development of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors for Type 2 diabetes. Future Med Chem 2016; 8:1239-58. [PMID: 27357615 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most serious and prevalent metabolic disorders worldwide, complications of which can decrease significantly the quality of life and contribute to premature death. Resistance to insulin is a predominant pathophysiological factor of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is an important negative factor of insulin signal and a potent therapeutic target in T2D patients. This review highlights recent advances (2012-2015) in research related to the role of PTP1B in signal transduction processes implicated in pathophysiology of T2D, and novel PTP1B inhibitors with an emphasis on their chemical structures and modes of action.
Collapse
|
47
|
Bruder-Nascimento T, Kennard S, Antonova G, Mintz J, Bence K, de Chantemèle EJ. Ptp1b deletion in pro-opiomelanocortin neurons increases energy expenditure and impairs endothelial function via TNF-α dependent mechanisms. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:881-893. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20160073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1b (Ptp1b) is a negative regulator of leptin and insulin-signalling pathways. Its targeted deletion in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons protects mice from obesity and diabetes by increasing energy expenditure. Inflammation accompanies increased energy expenditure. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine whether POMC-Ptp1b deletion increases energy expenditure via an inflammatory process, which would impair endothelial function. We characterized the metabolic and cardiovascular phenotypes of Ptp1b+/+ and POMC-Ptp1b−/− mice. Clamp studies revealed that POMC-Ptp1b deletion reduced body fat and increased energy expenditure as evidenced by a decrease in feed efficiency and an increase in oxygen consumption and respiratory exchange ratio. POMC-Ptp1b deletion induced a 2.5-fold increase in plasma tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels and elevated body temperature. Vascular studies revealed an endothelial dysfunction in POMC-Ptp1b−/− mice. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition [N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)] reduced relaxation to a similar extent in Ptp1b+/+ and POMC-Ptp1b−/− mice. POMC-Ptp1b deletion decreased ROS-scavenging enzymes [superoxide dismutases (SODs)] whereas it increased ROS-generating enzymes [NADPH oxidases (NOXs)] and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-1) expression, in aorta. ROS scavenging or NADPH oxidase inhibition only partially improved relaxation whereas COX-2 inhibition and thromboxane-A2 (TXA2) antagonism fully restored relaxation in POMC-Ptp1b−/− mice. Chronic treatment with the soluble TNF-α receptor etanercept decreased body temperature, restored endothelial function and reestablished aortic COX-2, NOXs and SOD expression to their baseline levels in POMC-Ptp1b−/− mice. However, etanercept promoted body weight gain and decreased energy expenditure in POMC-Ptp1b−/− mice. POMC-Ptp1b deletion increases plasma TNF-α levels, which contribute to body weight regulation via increased energy expenditure and impair endothelial function via COX-2 and ROS-dependent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Bruder-Nascimento
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, U.S.A
| | - Simone Kennard
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, U.S.A
| | - Galina Antonova
- Physiology Department, Medical College of Georgia at Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, U.S.A
| | - James D. Mintz
- Vascular Biology Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, U.S.A
| | - Kendra K. Bence
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, U.S.A
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Antiobesity and Antidiabetes Effects of a Cudrania tricuspidata Hydrophilic Extract Presenting PTP1B Inhibitory Potential. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8432759. [PMID: 26989693 PMCID: PMC4775776 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8432759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and obesity represent the major health problems and the most age-related metabolic diseases. Protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has emerged as an important regulator of insulin signal transduction and is regarded as a pharmaceutical target for metabolic disorders. To find novel natural materials presenting therapeutic activities against diabetes and obesity, we screened various herb extracts using a chip screening allowing the determination of PTP1B inhibitory effects of the tested compounds using insulin receptor (IR) as the substrate. Cudrania tricuspidata leaves (CTe) had a strong inhibitory effect on PTP1B activity and substantially inhibited fat accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. CTe was orally administrated to diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice once daily for 3 weeks after which changes in glucose, insulin metabolism, and fat accumulation were examined. Hepatic enzyme markers (aspartate aminotransferase, AST, and alanine aminotransferase, ALT) and total fat mass and triglyceride levels decreased in CTe-treated mice, whereas body weight and total cholesterol concentration slightly decreased. CTe increased the phosphorylation of IRS-1 and Akt in liver tissue. Furthermore, CTe treatment significantly lowered blood glucose levels and improved insulin secretion in DIO mice. Our results strongly suggest that CTe may represent a promising therapeutic substance against diabetes and obesity.
Collapse
|
49
|
Chen PJ, Cai SP, Yang Y, Li WX, Huang C, Meng XM, Li J. PTP1B confers liver fibrosis by regulating the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 292:8-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
50
|
Beck JR, Lawrence A, Tung AS, Harris EN, Stains CI. Interrogating Endogenous Protein Phosphatase Activity with Rationally Designed Chemosensors. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:284-90. [PMID: 26580981 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a versatile approach for repurposing protein kinase chemosensors, containing the phosphorylation-sensitive sulfonamido-oxine fluorophore termed Sox, for the specific determination of endogenous protein phosphatase activity from whole cell lysates and tissue homogenates. As a demonstration of this approach, we design and evaluate a direct chemosensor for protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B), an established signaling node in human disease. The optimal sensor design is capable of detecting as little as 6 pM (12 pg) full-length recombinant PTP1B and is remarkably selective for PTP1B among a panel of highly homologous tyrosine phosphatases. Coupling this robust activity probe with the specificity of antibodies allowed for the temporal analysis of endogenous PTP1B activity dynamics in lysates generated from HepG2 cells after stimulation with insulin. Lastly, we leveraged this assay format to profile PTP1B activity perturbations in a rat model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), providing direct evidence for elevated PTP1B catalytic activity in this disease state. Given the modular nature of this assay, we anticipate that this approach will have broad utility in monitoring phosphatase activity dynamics in human disease states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon R. Beck
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Antoneal Lawrence
- Department
of Chemistry, Lincoln University, Lincoln University, Pennsylvania 19352, United States
| | - Amar S. Tung
- Department
of Chemistry, Lincoln University, Lincoln University, Pennsylvania 19352, United States
| | - Edward N. Harris
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Cliff I. Stains
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| |
Collapse
|