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Wang X, Jing Y, Zheng C, Huang C, Yao H, Guo Z, Wu Y, Wang Z, Wu Z, Ge R, Cheng W, Yan Y, Jiang S, Sun J, Li J, Xie Q, Li X, Wang H. Using integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics to explore the effects of infant formula on the growth and development of small intestinal organoids. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 39158038 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo01723d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Infant formulas are designed to provide sufficient energy and the necessary nutrients to support the growth and development of newborns. Currently, research on the functions of formula milk powder focuses on clinical research and cell experiments, and there were many cell experiments that investigated the effect of infant formulas on cellular growth. However, most of the cells used are tumor cell lines, which are unable to simulate the real digestion process of an infant. In this study, we innovatively proposed a method that integrates human small intestinal organoids (SIOs) with transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. We induced directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into SIOs and simulated the intestinal environment of newborns with them. Then, three kinds of 1-stage infant formulas from the same brand were introduced to simulate the digestion, absorption, and metabolism of the infant intestine. The nutritional value of each formula milk powder was examined by multi-omics sequencing methods, including transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis. Results showed that there were significant alterations in gene expression and metabolites in the three groups of SIOs after absorbing different infant formulas. By analyzing transcriptome and metabolome data, combined with GO, KEGG, and GSEA analysis, we demonstrated the ability of SIOs to model the different aspects of the developing process of the intestine and discovered the correlation between formula components and their effects, including Lactobacillus lactis and lactoferrin. The study reveals the effect and mechanisms of formula milk powder on the growth and development of infant intestines and the formation of immune function. Furthermore, our method can help to construct a multi-level assessment model, detect the effects of nutrients, and evaluate the interactions between nutrients, which is helpful for future research and development of infant powders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Wang
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuxin Jing
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Chengdong Zheng
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, C-16, 10A Jiuxianqiao Rd, Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Chenxuan Huang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Haiyang Yao
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zimo Guo
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yilun Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Zening Wang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, 131 Dongan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Zhengyang Wu
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ruihong Ge
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, C-16, 10A Jiuxianqiao Rd, Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jianguo Sun
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, C-16, 10A Jiuxianqiao Rd, Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Jingquan Li
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, C-16, 10A Jiuxianqiao Rd, Chaoyang, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Abd Elhamid AS, Heikal L, Ghareeb DA, Abdulmalek SA, Mady O, Teleb M, Khattab SN, El-Gizawy SA. Engineering Thermo/pH-Responsive Lactoferrin Nanostructured Microbeads for Oral Targeting of Colorectal Cancer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:4985-5000. [PMID: 39079030 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
AIM Colorectal cancer is an extremely aggressive form of cancer that often leads to death. Lactoferrin shows potential for targeting and treating colorectal cancer; however, oral delivery faces hurdles hampering clinical applications. We engineered dual-responsive lactoferrin nanostructured microbeads to overcome delivery hurdles and enhance drug targeting. METHODS The hydrophobic drug mesalazine (MSZ) was coupled to lactoferrin to form amphiphilic conjugate nanoparticles, dispersed in water. The lipid-soluble polyphenolic drug resveratrol (RSV) was then encapsulated into the hydrophobic core of LF-MSZ nanoparticles. To impart thermoresponsive properties, the dual-payload NPs were coupled with a PNIPAAm shell; finally, to further endow the nanoparticles with gastrointestinal resistance and pH responsiveness, the nanoparticles were microencapsulated into ionically cross-linked pectin-alginate beads. RESULTS The nanoparticles showed enhanced internalization and cytotoxicity against HCT colon cancer cells via LF-receptor-mediated endocytosis. Thermal triggering and tuned release were conferred by the temperature-sensitive polymer. The coatings protected the drugs from degradation. Orally delivered microbeads significantly reduced tumor burden in a mouse colon cancer model, lowering carcinoembryonic antigen and elevating antioxidant enzymes. Apoptotic pathways were stimulated, indicated by heightened Bax/Bcl2 ratio and caspase-3/9 expression. CONCLUSION Overall, we propose the innovative lactoferrin nanostructured microbeads as a paradigm shift in oral colorectal cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S Abd Elhamid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Lamia Heikal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Ghareeb
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Drug Preclinical Studies (CE-DPS), Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industry Development Center, City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa A Abdulmalek
- Bio-screening and Preclinical Trial Lab, Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
- Center of Excellence for Drug Preclinical Studies (CE-DPS), Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industry Development Center, City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Omar Mady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Cancer Nanotechnology Research Laboratory (CNRL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21521, Egypt
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Sanaa A El-Gizawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
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3
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Fareed SA, Yousef EM, Abd El-Moneam SM. Effects of prolonged hydroxychloroquine use on the pancreatic tissue and expected ameliorative effect of lactoferrin in rats (biochemical, histological, and morphometric study). Tissue Cell 2024; 89:102439. [PMID: 38889555 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial drug widely used in treating rheumatoid disorders. Many side effects have been reported with HCQ administration indicating its hazardous effects on various organs. No previous studies reported the effect of long-term administration of oral HCQ on pancreatic tissue. Our study assessed pancreatic tissues functional and histopathological alterations following prolonged oral administration of HCQ. We also investigated the possible ameliorative effects of the lactoferrin (LF) coadministration with HCQ in adult male albino rats. Forty adult male Wister albino rats were divided into: negative control, LF positive control (2 g/kg), HCQ-treated (200 mg/kg), and HCQ+LF treated. Biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, and morphometric analyses of the pancreatic tissues were conducted. Our findings revealed that prolonged oral administration of HCQ induced significant disruption of the pancreatic acinar architecture, enlarged congested islets of Langerhans, and elevated plasma insulin, amylase, and lipase levels. Interestingly, LF administration ameliorated the deleterious effects of prolonged HCQ administration on pancreatic tissue of adult male albino rats. In conclusion, prolonged oral administration of HCQ induced pancreatic tissue damage in rats, while LF attenuates HCQ-induced pancreatic injury. Our results emphasized the necessity of prescribing HCQ with caution, considering both dosage and treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Antar Fareed
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
| | - Einas Mohamed Yousef
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Samar M Abd El-Moneam
- Department of Human Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
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Abdelalim LR, Elnaggar YSR, Abdallah OY. Lactoferrin, chitosan double-coated oleosomes loaded with clobetasol propionate for remyelination in multiple sclerosis: Physicochemical characterization and in-vivo assessment in a cuprizone-induced demyelination model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:134144. [PMID: 39053824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the CNS characterized by continuous myelin damage accompanied by deterioration in functions. Clobetasol propionate (CP) is the most potent topical corticosteroid with serious side effects related to systemic absorption. Previous studies introduced CP for remyelination without considering systemic toxicity. This work aimed at fabrication and optimization of double coated nano-oleosomes loaded with CP to achieve brain targeting through intranasal administration. The optimized formulation was coated with lactoferrin and chitosan for the first time. The obtained double-coated oleosomes had particle size (220.07 ± 0.77 nm), zeta potential (+30.23 ± 0.41 mV) along with antioxidant capacity 9.8 μM ascorbic acid equivalents. Double coating was well visualized by TEM and significantly decreased drug release. Three different doses of CP were assessed in-vivo using cuprizone-induced demyelination in C57Bl/6 mice. Neurobehavioral tests revealed improvement in motor and cognitive functions of mice in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological examination of the brain showed about 2.3 folds increase in corpus callosum thickness in 0.3 mg/kg CP dose. Moreover, the measured biomarkers highlighted the significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of the formulation. In conclusion, the elaborated biopolymer-integrating nanocarrier succeeded in remyelination with 6.6 folds reduction in CP dose compared to previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa R Abdelalim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yosra S R Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Ossama Y Abdallah
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Kim BJ, Kuhfeld RF, Haas JL, Anaya YM, Martinez RR, Sah BNP, Breen B, Newsham K, Malinczak CA, Dallas DC. Digestive Profiles of Human Milk, Recombinant Human and Bovine Lactoferrin: Comparing the Retained Intact Protein and Peptide Release. Nutrients 2024; 16:2360. [PMID: 39064803 PMCID: PMC11280017 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a major component of human milk. LF supplementation (currently bovine) supports the immune system and helps maintain iron homeostasis in adults. No recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) is available for commercial food use. To determine the extent to which rhLF (Effera™) produced by Komagataella phaffii digests similarly to hmLF, a validated in vitro digestion protocol was carried out. Bovine LF (bLF) was used as an additional control, as it is approved for use in various food categories. This study compared the extent of intact protein retention and the profile of peptides released in hmLF, bLF and rhLF (each with low and high iron saturation) across simulated adult gastric and intestinal digestion using gel electrophoresis, ELISA and LC-MS. Intact LF retention across digestion was similar across LF types, but the highest iron-saturated hmLF had greater retention in the simulated gastric fluid than all other sample types. Peptides identified in digested hmLF samples strongly correlated with digested rhLF samples (0.86 < r < 0.92 in the gastric phase and 0.63 < r < 0.70 in the intestinal phase), whereas digested bLF samples were significantly different. These findings support the potential for rhLF as a food ingredient for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Jin Kim
- Nutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (B.J.K.); (R.F.K.); (B.N.P.S.)
| | - Russell F. Kuhfeld
- Nutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (B.J.K.); (R.F.K.); (B.N.P.S.)
| | - Joanna L. Haas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Yanisa M. Anaya
- Helaina, New York, NY 10010, USA; (Y.M.A.); (R.R.M.); (B.B.); (K.N.); (C.-A.M.)
| | | | - Baidya Nath P. Sah
- Nutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (B.J.K.); (R.F.K.); (B.N.P.S.)
| | - Bella Breen
- Helaina, New York, NY 10010, USA; (Y.M.A.); (R.R.M.); (B.B.); (K.N.); (C.-A.M.)
| | - Kahler Newsham
- Helaina, New York, NY 10010, USA; (Y.M.A.); (R.R.M.); (B.B.); (K.N.); (C.-A.M.)
| | | | - David C. Dallas
- Nutrition Program, School of Nutrition and Public Health, College of Health, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (B.J.K.); (R.F.K.); (B.N.P.S.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
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6
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Nunes M, Vlok M, Proal A, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Data-independent LC-MS/MS analysis of ME/CFS plasma reveals a dysregulated coagulation system, endothelial dysfunction, downregulation of complement machinery. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:254. [PMID: 39014464 PMCID: PMC11253362 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02315-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating chronic condition that is characterized by unresolved fatigue, post-exertion symptom exacerbation (PESE), cognitive dysfunction, orthostatic intolerance, and other symptoms. ME/CFS lacks established clinical biomarkers and requires further elucidation of disease mechanisms. A growing number of studies demonstrate signs of hematological and cardiovascular pathology in ME/CFS cohorts, including hyperactivated platelets, endothelial dysfunction, vascular dysregulation, and anomalous clotting processes. To build on these findings, and to identify potential biomarkers that can be related to pathophysiology, we measured differences in protein expression in platelet-poor plasma (PPP) samples from 15 ME/CFS study participants and 10 controls not previously infected with SARS-CoV-2, using DIA LC-MS/MS. We identified 24 proteins that are significantly increased in the ME/CFS group compared to the controls, and 21 proteins that are significantly downregulated. Proteins related to clotting processes - thrombospondin-1 (important in platelet activation), platelet factor 4, and protein S - were differentially expressed in the ME/CFS group, suggestive of a dysregulated coagulation system and abnormal endothelial function. Complement machinery was also significantly downregulated, including C9 which forms part of the membrane attack complex. Additionally, we identified a significant upregulation of lactotransferrin, protein S100-A9, and an immunoglobulin variant. The findings from this experiment further implicate the coagulation and immune system in ME/CFS, and bring to attention the pathology of or imposed on the endothelium. This study highlights potential systems and proteins that require further research with regards to their contribution to the pathogenesis of ME/CFS, symptom manifestation, and biomarker potential, and also gives insight into the hematological and cardiovascular risk for ME/CFS individuals affected by diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Nunes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa
| | - Mare Vlok
- Central Analytical Facility: Mass Spectrometry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg Campus, Room 6054, Clinical Building, Francie Van Zijl Drive Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Amy Proal
- PolyBio Research Foundation, 7900 SE 28th ST, Suite 412, Mercer Island, DC, 98040, USA
| | - Douglas B Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown St, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
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7
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Gori A, Brindisi G, Daglia M, del Giudice MM, Dinardo G, Di Minno A, Drago L, Indolfi C, Naso M, Trincianti C, Tondina E, Brunese FP, Ullah H, Varricchio A, Ciprandi G, Zicari AM. Exploring the Role of Lactoferrin in Managing Allergic Airway Diseases among Children: Unrevealing a Potential Breakthrough. Nutrients 2024; 16:1906. [PMID: 38931261 PMCID: PMC11206375 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases has dramatically increased among children in recent decades. These conditions significantly impact the quality of life of allergic children and their families. Lactoferrin, a multifunctional glycoprotein found in various biological fluids, is emerging as a promising immunomodulatory agent that can potentially alleviate allergic diseases in children. Lactoferrin's multifaceted properties make it a compelling candidate for managing these conditions. Firstly, lactoferrin exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, which can mitigate the chronic inflammation characteristic of allergic diseases. Secondly, its iron-binding capabilities may help regulate the iron balance in allergic children, potentially influencing the severity of their symptoms. Lactoferrin also demonstrates antimicrobial properties, making it beneficial in preventing secondary infections often associated with respiratory allergies. Furthermore, its ability to modulate the immune response and regulate inflammatory pathways suggests its potential as an immune-balancing agent. This review of the current literature emphasises the need for further research to elucidate the precise roles of lactoferrin in allergic diseases. Harnessing the immunomodulatory potential of lactoferrin could provide a novel add-on approach to managing allergic diseases in children, offering hope for improved outcomes and an enhanced quality of life for paediatric patients and their families. As lactoferrin continues to capture the attention of researchers, its properties and diverse applications make it an intriguing subject of study with a rich history and a promising future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gori
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Giulia Brindisi
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.B.)
| | - Maria Daglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.); (A.D.M.); (H.U.)
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Michele Miraglia del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.M.d.G.); (G.D.); (C.I.)
| | - Giulio Dinardo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.M.d.G.); (G.D.); (C.I.)
| | - Alessandro Di Minno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.); (A.D.M.); (H.U.)
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Gaetano Salvatore 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Drago
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology & Microbiome, Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- UOC Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, MultiLab Department, IRCCS Multimedica, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Indolfi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (M.M.d.G.); (G.D.); (C.I.)
| | - Matteo Naso
- Allergy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.N.); (C.T.)
| | - Chiara Trincianti
- Allergy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (M.N.); (C.T.)
| | - Enrico Tondina
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | | | - Hammad Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.D.); (A.D.M.); (H.U.)
| | - Attilio Varricchio
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Ciprandi
- Allergy Clinic, Casa di Cura Villa Montallegro, 16145 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Department of Mother-Child, Urological Science, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (A.G.); (G.B.)
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Ahad Hossain M, Sultana S, Alanazi MM, Hadni H, Bhat AR, Hasan I, Kawsar SM. In vitro antimicrobial, anticancer evaluation, and in silico studies of mannopyranoside analogs against bacterial and fungal proteins: Acylation leads to improved antimicrobial activity. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:102093. [PMID: 38737807 PMCID: PMC11087236 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate analogs are an important, well-established class of clinically useful medicinal agents that exhibit potent antimicrobial activity. Thus, we explored the various therapeutic potential of methyl α-D-mannopyranoside (MαDM) analogs, including their ability to synthesize and assess their antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties; additionally, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADMET analysis were performed. The structure of the synthesized MαDM analogs was ascertained by spectroscopic techniques and physicochemical and elemental analysis. In vitro antimicrobial activity was assessed and revealed significant inhibitory effects, particularly against gram-negative bacteria along with the prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS). Concurrently, MαDM analogs showed good results against antifungal pathogens and exhibited promising anticancer effects in vitro, demonstrating dose-dependent cytotoxicity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cancer cells while sparing normal cells from compound 5, with an IC50 of 4511.65 µg/mL according to the MTT colorimetric assay. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) study revealed that hexose combined with the acyl chains of decanoyl (C-10) and benzenesulfonyl (C6H5SO2-) had synergistic effects on the bacteria and fungi that were examined. Molecular docking was performed against the Escherichia coli (6KZV) and Candida albicans (1EAG) proteins to acquire insights into the molecular interactions underlying the observed biological activities. The docking results were further supported by 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations, which provided a dynamic view of the stability and flexibility of complexes involving MαDM and its targets. In addition, ADMET analysis was used to evaluate the toxicological and pharmacokinetic profiles. Owing to their promising drug-like properties, these MαDM analogs exhibit potential as prospective therapeutic candidates for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ahad Hossain
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Shahin Sultana
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanine Hadni
- LIMAS, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ajmal R. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, India
| | - Imtiaj Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Sarkar M.A. Kawsar
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry (LCNC), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
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Kirsanova IV, Kolesnikov AV, Shchulkin AV, Abalenikhina YV, Erokhina PD, Yakusheva EN. The effect of lactoferin on the free radical and cytokine status of cornea in the experimental thermal burn. BIOMEDITSINSKAIA KHIMIIA 2024; 70:168-175. [PMID: 38940206 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20247003168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The free radical and cytokine statuses of the cornea during its thermal burn and the possibility of its correction by lactoferrin have been studied in Soviet Chinchilla rabbits. The development of a corneal thermal burn was accompanied by the development of oxidative stress (increased levels of TBA-reactive substances and carbonyl derivatives of proteins, decreased activity of SOD and GPx enzymes) and a pronounced inflammatory reaction with increased levels of TNF-1α, IL-10, TGF-1β. The use of lactoferrin had a pronounced therapeutic effect, which was manifested by accelerated healing, prevention of the development of complications (corneal perforations), a decrease in the severity of oxidative stress, an increase in the concentrations of TNF-1α (in the early stages), IL-10 (in the later stages), TGF-1β (throughout the experiment). At the same time, by the end of regeneration more severe corneal opacification was recognized compared to the control group. This may be associated with an increased level of anti-inflammatory cytokines, especially TGF-1β.
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Krupińska AM, Bogucki Z. Lactoferrin as a potential therapeutic for the treatment of Candida-associated denture stomatitis. J Oral Biosci 2024; 66:308-313. [PMID: 38777122 DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of prostheses in the oral cavity creates favorable conditions for Candida colonization, which may subsequently lead to Candida-associated denture stomatitis (CADS). Due to its many contributing factors and frequent relapses, CADS is difficult to manage. Given the rise in drug resistance among fungal species, it is critical to develop new therapeutic approaches, reduce the required dosage of medications, and minimize the toxicity and side effects of therapy. HIGHLIGHT Salivary lactoferrin, a multifunctional glycoprotein, is thought to be the first line of defense against microbial invasion of mucosal surfaces. CONCLUSION Current research emphasizes the capability of lactoferrin and its derivatives to eliminate a broad spectrum of Candida species. It may be an appealing option for use in monotherapy or in combination with common medications for oral stomatitis treatment. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of lactoferrin's anti-fungal effects in oral candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zdzisław Bogucki
- Department and Division of Dental Prosthetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wyb. Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367, Wrocław, Poland
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11
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Kerro Dego O, Vidlund J. Staphylococcal mastitis in dairy cows. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1356259. [PMID: 38863450 PMCID: PMC11165426 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1356259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is one of the most common diseases of dairy cattle. Even though different infectious microorganisms and mechanical injury can cause mastitis, bacteria are the most common cause of mastitis in dairy cows. Staphylococci, streptococci, and coliforms are the most frequently diagnosed etiological agents of mastitis in dairy cows. Staphylococci that cause mastitis are broadly divided into Staphylococcus aureus and non-aureus staphylococci (NAS). NAS is mainly comprised of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CNS) and some coagulase-positive and coagulase-variable staphylococci. Current staphylococcal mastitis control measures are ineffective, and dependence on antimicrobial drugs is not sustainable because of the low cure rate with antimicrobial treatment and the development of resistance. Non-antimicrobial effective and sustainable control tools are critically needed. This review describes the current status of S. aureus and NAS mastitis in dairy cows and flags areas of knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oudessa Kerro Dego
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Jessica Vidlund
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
- East Tennessee AgResearch and Education Center-Little River Animal and Environmental Unit, University of Tennessee, Walland, TN, United States
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12
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Yalçıntaş YM, Baydemir B, Duman H, Eker F, Bayraktar Biçen A, Ertürk M, Karav S. Exploring the impact of colostrum supplementation on athletes: a comprehensive analysis of clinical trials and diverse properties. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1395437. [PMID: 38799427 PMCID: PMC11116638 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Colostrum, an invaluable food produced by mammals during the postnatal period, contains important bioactive components. It is a valuable therapeutic substance that can be used to treat a variety of disorders, in addition to its primary function of providing passive immunity to newborns. Undoubtedly, a strong dedication to intense effort and demanding training schedules is necessary to succeed in today's sports environment. Peak physical fitness, strategic skill development, and mental toughness are highly valued in the environments in which athletes compete. However, the inherent difficulties brought about by athletes' intense schedules are matched with the demanding character of modern sports. The intensity of athletic activity frequently provides little time for sufficient relaxation, nutritional preparation, and overall recovery, which can contribute to mental and physical tiredness. Athletes need to develop all-encompassing strategies to overcome these obstacles. These strategies should prioritize self-care and recovery in addition to maximizing training efficiency. The bioactive components of colostrum bring forth various therapeutic effects against the challenges experienced by athletes; including diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infections, muscle injuries, intestinal disorders, etc. This review examined the different therapeutic effects of the bioactive components of colostrum on athletes, the effect of the use of colostrum as a whole on the performance of athletes, and the clinical research conducted in this field. While the majority of studies report positive effects of colostrum, further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalçın Mert Yalçıntaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Türkiye
| | - Barış Baydemir
- Department of Coaching Education, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Türkiye
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Türkiye
| | - Furkan Eker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Türkiye
| | | | | | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale, Türkiye
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Tosca MA, Varricchio A, Schiavetti I, Naso M, Damiani V, Ciprandi G. Managing children with frequent respiratory infections and associated wheezing: a preliminary randomized study with a new multicomponent nasal spray. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2024; 52:22-30. [PMID: 38721952 DOI: 10.15586/aei.v52i3.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preschoolers frequently have respiratory infections (RIs), which may cause wheezing in some subjects. Type 2 polarization may favor increased susceptibility to RIs and associated wheezing. Non-pharmacological remedies are garnering increasing interest as possible add-on therapies. The present preliminary study investigated the efficacy and safety of a new multi-component nasal spray in preschoolers with frequent RIs and associated wheezing. METHODS Some preschoolers with these characteristics randomly took this product, containing lactoferrin, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, carboxymethyl-beta-glucan, and vitamins C and D3 (Saflovir), two sprays per nostril twice daily for 3 months. Other children were randomly treated only with standard therapy. Outcomes included the number of RIs and wheezing episodes, use of medications, and severity of clinical manifestations. RESULTS Preschoolers treated add-on with this multicomponent product experienced fewer RIs and used fewer beta-2 agonists than untreated children (P = 0.01 and 0.029, respectively). CONCLUSIONS This preliminary study demonstrated that a multicomponent product, administered add-on as a nasal spray, could reduce the incidence of RIs and use of symptomatic drugs for relieving wheezing in children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Matteo Naso
- Allergy Center, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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14
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Li Y, Li J, Dong Y, Wang C, Cai Z. Bovine lactoferrin inhibits inflammatory response and apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by targeting the PPAR-γ pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:492. [PMID: 38578368 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09436-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding multifunctional cationic glycoprotein. Previous studies have demonstrated that LF may be a potential drug for treating acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) in ALI using the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology and transcriptome analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS Based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) obtained from RNA-seq of the Lung from mouse model, the bioinformatics workflow was implemented using the BGISEQ-500 platform. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was obtained using STRING, and the hub gene was screened using Cytoscape. To verify the results of transcriptome analysis, the effects of bLF on Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BEAS-2B cells and its anti-reactive oxygen species (ROS), anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects were studied via Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) test, active oxygen detection test, ELISA, and western blot assay. Transcriptome analysis revealed that two hub gene modules of DEGs were screened via PPI analysis using the STRING and MCODE plug-ins of Cytoscape. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that these core modules are enriched in the PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) and AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) signaling pathways. Through cell experiments, our study shows that bLF can inhibit ROS, inflammatory reaction, and LPS-induced BEAS-2B cell apoptosis, which are significantly antagonized by the PPAR-γ inhibitor GW9662. CONCLUSION This study has suggested that the PPAR-γ pathway is the critical target of bLF in anti-inflammatory reactions and apoptosis of ALI, which provides a direction for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Li
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Junhu Li
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Can Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Zhigang Cai
- The First Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
- Hebei Institute of Respiratory Diseases, No. 215 Heping West Road, Shijiazhuang, 050000, Hebei Province, China.
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Eker F, Akdaşçi E, Duman H, Yalçıntaş YM, Canbolat AA, Kalkan AE, Karav S, Šamec D. Antimicrobial Properties of Colostrum and Milk. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:251. [PMID: 38534686 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing number of antibiotic resistance genes is putting a strain on the ecosystem and harming human health. In addition, consumers have developed a cautious attitude towards chemical preservatives. Colostrum and milk are excellent sources of antibacterial components that help to strengthen the immunity of the offspring and accelerate the maturation of the immune system. It is possible to study these important defenses of milk and colostrum, such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, immunoglobulins, oligosaccharides, etc., as biotherapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of numerous infections caused by microbes. Each of these components has different mechanisms and interactions in various places. The compound's mechanisms of action determine where the antibacterial activity appears. The activation of the antibacterial activity of milk and colostrum compounds can start in the infant's mouth during lactation and continue in the gastrointestinal regions. These antibacterial properties possess potential for therapeutic uses. In order to discover new perspectives and methods for the treatment of bacterial infections, additional investigations of the mechanisms of action and potential complexes are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Eker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Emir Akdaşçi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Yalçın Mert Yalçıntaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alperen Canbolat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Arda Erkan Kalkan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17000, Turkey
| | - Dunja Šamec
- Department of Food Technology, University North, Trg Dr. Žarka Dolinara 1, 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
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16
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Dierick M, Ongena R, Vanrompay D, Devriendt B, Cox E. Exploring the modulatory role of bovine lactoferrin on the microbiome and the immune response in healthy and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli challenged weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:39. [PMID: 38449023 PMCID: PMC10916201 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-weaned piglets suffer from F18+ Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections resulting in post-weaning diarrhoea or oedema disease. Frequently used management strategies, including colistin and zinc oxide, have contributed to the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Novel antimicrobials capable of directly interacting with pathogens and modulating the host immune responses are being investigated. Lactoferrin has shown promising results against porcine enterotoxigenic E. coli strains, both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We investigated the influence of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) on the microbiome of healthy and infected weaned piglets. Additionally, we assessed whether bLF influenced the immune responses upon Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) infection. Therefore, 2 in vivo trials were conducted: a microbiome trial and a challenge infection trial, using an F18+ STEC strain. BLF did not affect the α- and β-diversity. However, bLF groups showed a higher relative abundance (RA) for the Actinobacteria phylum and the Bifidobacterium genus in the ileal mucosa. When analysing the immune response upon infection, the STEC group exhibited a significant increase in F18-specific IgG serum levels, whereas this response was absent in the bLF group. CONCLUSION Taken together, the oral administration of bLF did not have a notable impact on the α- and β-diversity of the gut microbiome in weaned piglets. Nevertheless, it did increase the RA of the Actinobacteria phylum and Bifidobacterium genus, which have previously been shown to play an important role in maintaining gut homeostasis. Furthermore, bLF administration during STEC infection resulted in the absence of F18-specific serum IgG responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Dierick
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Ruben Ongena
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Laboratory for Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium.
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17
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Valappil SP, Abou Neel EA, Zakir Hossain KM, Paul W, Cherukaraveedu D, Wade B, Ansari TI, Hope CK, Higham SM, Sharma CP. Novel lactoferrin-conjugated gallium complex to treat Pseudomonas aeruginosa wound infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128838. [PMID: 38128798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of opportunistic infections such as chronic wound infection that could lead to multiple organ failure and death. Gallium (Ga3+) ions are known to inhibit P. aeruginosa growth and biofilm formation but require carrier for localized controlled delivery. Lactoferrin (LTf), a two-lobed protein, can deliver Ga3+ at sites of infection. This study aimed to develop a Ga-LTf complex for the treatment of wound infection. The characterisation of the Ga-LTf complex was conducted using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Infra-Red (FTIR) and Inductive Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The antibacterial activity was assessed by agar disc diffusion, liquid broth and biofilm inhibition assays using the colony forming units (CFUs). The healing capacity and biocompatibility were evaluated using a P.aeruginosa infected wound in a rat model. DSC analyses showed thermal transition consistent with apo-lactoferrin; FTIR confirmed the complexation of gallium to lactoferrin. ICP-OES confirmed the controlled local delivery of Ga3+. Ga-LTf showed a 0.57 log10 CFUs reduction at 24 h compared with untreated control in planktonic liquid broth assay. Ga-LTf showed the highest antibiofilm activity with a 2.24 log10 CFUs reduction at 24 h. Furthermore, Ga-LTf complex is biocompatible without any adverse effect on brain, kidney, liver and spleen of rats tested in this study. Ga-LTf can be potentially promising novel therapeutic agent to treat pathogenic bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeel P Valappil
- Chester Medical School, University of Chester, Bache Hall, Countess View, Chester CH2 1BR, United Kingdom; Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Research Wing, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GN, United Kingdom.
| | - Ensanya A Abou Neel
- Preventive and Restorative Dentistry Department, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; UCL Eastman Dental Institute, Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering Division, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
| | | | - Willi Paul
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Durgadas Cherukaraveedu
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
| | - Benjamin Wade
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Research Wing, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GN, United Kingdom
| | - Tahera I Ansari
- Northwick Park Institute for Medical Research, Watford Road, Harrow HA1 3UJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher K Hope
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Research Wing, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GN, United Kingdom
| | - Susan M Higham
- Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Research Wing, Daulby Street, Liverpool L69 3GN, United Kingdom
| | - Chandra P Sharma
- Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, India
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18
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Martinez-Castillo M, Ramírez-Rico G, Shibayama M, de la Garza M, Serrano-Luna J. Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Inhibit the Proteolytic Activity and Cytopathic Effect of Naegleria fowleri Enzymes. Pathogens 2024; 13:44. [PMID: 38251351 PMCID: PMC10819050 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Naegleria fowleri is a ubiquitous free-living amoeba that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. As a part of the innate immune response at the mucosal level, the proteins lactoferrin (Lf) and lysozyme (Lz) are secreted and eliminate various microorganisms. We demonstrate that N. fowleri survives the individual and combined effects of bovine milk Lf (bLf) and chicken egg Lz (cLz). Moreover, amoebic proliferation was not altered, even at 24 h of co-incubation with each protein. Trophozoites' ultrastructure was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, and these proteins did not significantly alter their organelles and cytoplasmic membranes. Protease analysis using gelatin-zymograms showed that secreted proteases of N. fowleri were differentially modulated by bLf and cLz at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. The bLf and cLz combination resulted in the inhibition of N. fowleri-secreted proteases. Additionally, the use of protease inhibitors on bLf-zymograms demonstrated that secreted cysteine proteases participate in the degradation of bLf. Nevertheless, the co-incubation of trophozoites with bLf and/or cLz reduced the cytopathic effect on the MDCK cell line. Our study suggests that bLf and cLz, alone or together, inhibited secreted proteases and reduced the cytopathic effect produced by N. fowleri; however, they do not affect the viability and proliferation of the trophozoites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moises Martinez-Castillo
- Liver, Pancreas and Motility Laboratory, Unit of Research in Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Autonomous National University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Gerardo Ramírez-Rico
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (G.R.-R.); (M.d.l.G.)
- Faculty of Professional Studies Cuautitlan, Autonomous National University of Mexico, Mexico City 54714, Mexico
| | - Mineko Shibayama
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Mireya de la Garza
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (G.R.-R.); (M.d.l.G.)
| | - Jesús Serrano-Luna
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (G.R.-R.); (M.d.l.G.)
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Ashraf MF, Zubair D, Bashir MN, Alagawany M, Ahmed S, Shah QA, Buzdar JA, Arain MA. Nutraceutical and Health-Promoting Potential of Lactoferrin, an Iron-Binding Protein in Human and Animal: Current Knowledge. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:56-72. [PMID: 37059920 PMCID: PMC10104436 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a natural cationic iron-binding glycoprotein of the transferrin family found in bovine milk and other exocrine secretions, including lacrimal fluid, saliva, and bile. Lactoferrin has been investigated for its numerous powerful influences, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-osteoporotic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, and other beneficial health effects. Lactoferrin demonstrated several nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potentials and have a significant impact on improving the health of humans and animals. Lactoferrin plays a critical role in keeping the normal physiological homeostasis associated with the development of pathological disorders. The current review highlights the medicinal value, nutraceutical role, therapeutic application, and outstanding favorable health sides of lactoferrin, which would benefit from more exploration of this glycoprotein for the design of effective medicines, drugs, and pharmaceuticals for safeguarding different health issues in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawood Zubair
- Iqraa Medical Complex, Johar Town Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt.
| | - Shabbir Ahmed
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali Shah
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, 3800, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Jameel Ahmed Buzdar
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, 3800, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Arain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, 3800, Balochistan, Pakistan.
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20
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Zhao X, Ting SM, Sun G, Bautista Garrido J, Obertas L, Aronowski J. Clearance of Neutrophils From ICH-Affected Brain by Macrophages Is Beneficial and Is Assisted by Lactoferrin and CD91. Stroke 2024; 55:166-176. [PMID: 38063014 PMCID: PMC10842928 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.045194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Within hours after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) onset, masses of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) infiltrate the ICH-affected brain. After degranulation involving controlled release of many toxic antimicrobial molecules, the PMNs undergo rapid apoptosis and then are removed by phagocytic microglia/macrophages (MΦ) through a process called efferocytosis. Effective removal of PMNs may limit secondary brain damage and inflammation; however, the molecular mechanisms governing these cleanup activities are not well understood. We propose that scavenger receptor CD91 on myeloid phagocytes especially in presence of CD91 ligand, LTF (lactoferrin, protein abundant in PMNs), plays an important role in clearance of dead apoptotic PMNs (ANs). METHODS Mice/rats were subjected to an autologous blood injection model of ICH. Primary cultured microglia were used to assess phagocytosis of ANs. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess CD91 expression and PMN infiltration. CD91 knockout mice selectively in myeloid phagocytes (Mac-CD91-KO) were used to establish the CD91/LTF function in phagocytosis and in reducing ICH-induced injury, as assessed using behavioral tests, hematoma resolution, and oxidative stress. RESULTS Masses of PMNs are found in ICH-affected brain, and they contain LTF. MΦ at the outer border of hematoma are densely packed, expressing CD91 and phagocytosing ANs. Microglia deficient in CD91 demonstrate defective phagocytosis of ANs, and mice deficient in CD91 (Mac-CD91-KO) subjected to ICH injury have increased neurological dysfunction that is associated with impaired hematoma resolution (hemoglobin and iron clearance) and elevated oxidative stress. LTF that normally ameliorates ICH injury in CD91-proficient control mice shows reduced therapeutic effects in Mac-CD91-KO mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that CD91 plays a beneficial role in improving ANs phagocytosis and ultimately post-ICH outcome and that the beneficial effect of LTF in ICH is in part dependent on presence of CD91 on MΦ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurong Zhao
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas HSC, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Shun-Ming Ting
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas HSC, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Guanghua Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas HSC, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | | | - Lidiya Obertas
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas HSC, McGovern Medical School, Houston
| | - Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas HSC, McGovern Medical School, Houston
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Kulesza-Brończyk B, Bień A, Sobieraj P, Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Lis-Kuberka J, Czosnykowska-Łukacka M, Bzikowska-Jura A. Factors affecting total protein and lactoferrin in human milk. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22434. [PMID: 38104179 PMCID: PMC10725433 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate factors affecting total, true protein and lactoferrin (Lf) concentrations in human milk (HM) and to evaluate the changes in protein concentrations over the course of lactation (first to sixth month postpartum). HM samples were collected from exclusively breastfeeding mothers during six time periods (1-6 months postpartum); 198 breast milk samples were collected in total. The concentrations of total and true protein in HM were determined using the MIRIS human milk analyzer (HMA). The assessment of HM protein content was also performed in skim HM samples and quantified by bicinchoninic methods with the Bicinchoninic Acid Protein Assay Kit. In turn, Lf content in skim HM samples was determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in accordance with a slightly modified procedure. In the first month of lactation total protein concentration was negatively correlated with maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (r = - 0.397; p = 0.022), whereas in the third month postpartum, positive correlation with maternal age was found (r = 0.399; p = 0.021). Considering Lf concentration, in the first month of lactation, it was positively correlated with baby's birth weight (r = 0.514; p = 0.002). In the next months (from second to sixth) no relationships between Lf concentration and maternal and infants' factors were observed. The concentration of protein and Lf in HM changes dynamically throughout lactation. Maternal and infant characteristics may impact the HM protein and Lf content, especially in the first month postpartum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Kulesza-Brończyk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Maternity Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bień
- Chair of Obstetrics Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Piotr Sobieraj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Orczyk-Pawiłowicz
- Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jolanta Lis-Kuberka
- Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Agnieszka Bzikowska-Jura
- Department of Medical Biology, Laboratory of Human Milk and Lactation Research at Regional Human Milk Bank in Holy Family Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Eskeland S, Bø-Granquist EG, Stuen S, Lybeck K, Wilhelmsson P, Lindgren PE, Makvandi-Nejad S. Temporal patterns of gene expression in response to inoculation with a virulent Anaplasma phagocytophilum strain in sheep. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20399. [PMID: 37989861 PMCID: PMC10663591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the gene expression of host immune- and cellular responses to a Norwegian virulent strain of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the cause of tick-borne fever in sheep. Ten sheep were intravenously inoculated with a live virulent strain of A. phagocytophilum. Clinical-, observational-, hematological data as well as bacterial load, flow cytometric cell count data from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and host's gene expression post infection was analysed. The transcriptomic data were assessed for pre-set time points over the course of 22 days following the inoculation. Briefly, all inoculated sheep responded with clinical signs of infection 3 days post inoculation and onwards with maximum bacterial load observed on day 6, consistent with tick-borne fever. On days, 3-8, the innate immune responses and effector processes such as IFN1 signaling pathways and cytokine mediated signaling pathways were observed. Several pathways associated with the adaptive immune responses, namely T-cell activation, humoral immune responses, B-cell activation, and T- and B-cell differentiation dominated on the days of 8, 10 and 14. Flow-cytometric analysis of the PBMCs showed a reduction in CD4+CD25+ cells on day 10 and 14 post-inoculation and a skewed CD4:CD8 ratio indicating a reduced activation and proliferation of CD4-T-cells. The genes of important co-stimulatory molecules such as CD28 and CD40LG, important in T- and B-cell activation and proliferation, did not significantly change or experienced downregulation throughout the study. The absence of upregulation of several co-stimulatory molecules might be one possible explanation for the low activation and proliferation of CD4-T-cells during A. phagocytophilum infection, indicating a suboptimal CD4-T-cell response. The upregulation of T-BET, EOMES and IFN-γ on days 8-14 post inoculation, indicates a favoured CD4 Th1- and CD8-response. The dynamics and interaction between CD4+CD25+ and co-stimulatory molecules such as CD28, CD80, CD40 and CD40LG during infection with A. phagocytophilum in sheep needs further investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sveinung Eskeland
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens Vei 15, 1433, Ås, Norway.
| | - Erik G Bø-Granquist
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Elizabeth Stephansens Vei 15, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Snorre Stuen
- Department of Production Animal Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Kyrkjevegen 332/334, 4325, Sandnes, Norway
| | - Kari Lybeck
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Elizabeth Stephansens Vei 1, 1433, Ås, Norway
| | - Peter Wilhelmsson
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Medicine, National Reference Laboratory for Borrelia and Other Tick-Borne Bacteria, Region Jönköping County, 553 05, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Per-Eric Lindgren
- Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
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23
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Abdul-Kareem HH, Al-Maqtoofi MY, Burghal AA. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on saliva immune barriers: IgA, lysozyme, and lactoferrin. Arch Virol 2023; 168:293. [PMID: 37973637 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the role of salivary constituents, such as lactoferrin, lysozyme, and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), in immune protection and defense mechanisms against microbial invasion and colonization of the airways is important in light of the ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. The salivary immune barrier in individuals affected by COVID-19 may contribute to disease prognosis. Thus, the aim of the present review is to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 vaccines on the immunological composition of saliva. IgA antibodies generated by vaccination can neutralize the virus at mucosal surfaces, whereas antimicrobial peptides, such as lysozyme and lactoferrin, have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Collectively, these components contribute to the protective immune response of the oral cavity and may help minimize viral transmission as well as the severity of COVID-19. Measuring the levels of these components in the saliva of COVID-19-vaccinated individuals can help in evaluating the vaccine's ability to induce mucosal immunity, and it might also provide insights into whether saliva can be used in diagnostics or surveillance for monitoring immune responses following vaccination. This also has implications for viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marwan Y Al-Maqtoofi
- Biology Department, College of Science University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq.
| | - Ahmed A Burghal
- Biology Department, College of Science University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
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24
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Abd El-Rahman SS, Ashwish NM, Ali ME. Appraisal of the Pre-Emptive Effect of Lactoferrin Against Chromium-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Male Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5321-5334. [PMID: 36877398 PMCID: PMC10509115 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LCF), a potent naturally occurring antioxidant, is a crucial component in preventing potassium dichromate (PDC) toxicity. The goal of the current work was to study the potential efficacy of LCF in preventing PDC(CrVI)-induced testicular toxicity and oxidative injury in rats. Six groups of male rats of Wistar stain were randomly categorized into: group 1, which served as the control; group 2 and 3 received LCF (200 and 300 mg/kg orally, respectively); group 4 received PDC (2 mg/kg i.p.); group 5 and 6 pretreated with LCF, followed by PDC as in group 4 with 90 min apart for 28 days. PDC-intoxicated rats showed a significantly altered spermogram with abnormal sperm morphology. PDC significantly upregulated serum FSH and downregulated testosterone levels. Additionally, PDC decreased the levels of testicular key antioxidant biomarkers (catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH)) with elevated lipid peroxidation marker (TBARS) and testicular chromium content. Moreover, it upregulated testicular proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α, induced histopathological changes in testes with significant immunohistochemical expression of FasL and moderate expression of Nrf2. Pretreatment with LCF significantly mitigated PDC-induced testicular toxicity by enhancing spermogram, improving hormonal levels, restoring testicular oxidant/antioxidant balance, and decreasing testicular IL-1, IL6, IL-10, and TNFα levels, and amending both FasL and Nrf2 immunohistochemical-expression. Additionally, LCF improved testicular histopathological picture and spermatogenesis. Our results highlight the importance of LCF as a superior protective modulator of PDC-induced testicular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar S Abd El-Rahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Nadia M Ashwish
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology-PhD, 2018, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Merhan E Ali
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
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25
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El-Fakharany EM, El-Maradny YA, Ashry M, Abdel-Wahhab KG, Shabana ME, El-Gendi H. Green synthesis, characterization, anti-SARS-CoV-2 entry, and replication of lactoferrin-coated zinc nanoparticles with halting lung fibrosis induced in adult male albino rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15921. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-42702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe ethanolic extract of Coleus forskohlii Briq leaves was employed in the green synthesis of zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) by an immediate, one-step, and cost-effective method in the present study. Zn-NPs were coated with purified bovine lactoferrin (LF) and characterized through different instrumental analysis. The biosynthesized Zn-NPs were white in color revealing oval to spherical-shaped particles with an average size of 77 ± 5.50 nm, whereas LF-coated Zn-NPs (LF-Zn-NPs) revealed a larger particles size of up to 98 ± 6.40 nm. The biosynthesized Zn-NPs and LF-Zn-NPs revealed negatively charged surfaces with zeta-potentials of – 20.25 ± 0.35 and – 44.3 ± 3.25 mV, respectively. Interestingly, the LF-Zn-NPs showed potent in vitro retardation for SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells by binding to the ACE2-receptor and spike protein receptor binding domain at IC50 values of 59.66 and μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the results indicated the ability of LF-Zn-NPs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by interfering with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase “RdRp” activity at IC50 of 49.23 μg/mL. In vivo, the LF-Zn-NPs displayed a protective and therapeutic activity against induced pulmonary fibrosis in Bleomycin-treated male albino rats owing to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and significant reduction in CRP, LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer levels. The obtained findings offer a promising route for biosynthesized Zn-NPs and LF-Zn-NPs as promising candidates against COVID-19.
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26
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El-Fakharany EM, El-Maradny YA, Ashry M, Abdel-Wahhab KG, Shabana ME, El-Gendi H. Green synthesis, characterization, anti-SARS-CoV-2 entry, and replication of lactoferrin-coated zinc nanoparticles with halting lung fibrosis induced in adult male albino rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15921. [PMID: 37741872 PMCID: PMC10518009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The ethanolic extract of Coleus forskohlii Briq leaves was employed in the green synthesis of zinc nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) by an immediate, one-step, and cost-effective method in the present study. Zn-NPs were coated with purified bovine lactoferrin (LF) and characterized through different instrumental analysis. The biosynthesized Zn-NPs were white in color revealing oval to spherical-shaped particles with an average size of 77 ± 5.50 nm, whereas LF-coated Zn-NPs (LF-Zn-NPs) revealed a larger particles size of up to 98 ± 6.40 nm. The biosynthesized Zn-NPs and LF-Zn-NPs revealed negatively charged surfaces with zeta-potentials of - 20.25 ± 0.35 and - 44.3 ± 3.25 mV, respectively. Interestingly, the LF-Zn-NPs showed potent in vitro retardation for SARS-CoV-2 entry to host cells by binding to the ACE2-receptor and spike protein receptor binding domain at IC50 values of 59.66 and μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, the results indicated the ability of LF-Zn-NPs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication by interfering with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase "RdRp" activity at IC50 of 49.23 μg/mL. In vivo, the LF-Zn-NPs displayed a protective and therapeutic activity against induced pulmonary fibrosis in Bleomycin-treated male albino rats owing to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and significant reduction in CRP, LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer levels. The obtained findings offer a promising route for biosynthesized Zn-NPs and LF-Zn-NPs as promising candidates against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt.
| | - Yousra A El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alamein, 51718, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ashry
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
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27
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Kubo S, Oda H, Tanaka M, Koikeda T, Tomita S. Effects of Lactoferrin on Oral and Throat Conditions under Low Humidity Environments: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:4033. [PMID: 37764816 PMCID: PMC10537525 DOI: 10.3390/nu15184033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of a single ingestion of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) on oral and throat conditions under a low-humidity environment. A randomized, double-blind, 2-sequence, 2-treatment, and 2-period placebo-controlled crossover trial was conducted. Healthy adult subjects orally ingested bLF dissolved in water, or placebo water, followed by exposure to low humidity (20 °C, 20% relative humidity (RH)) for 2 h. The primary endpoint was subjective oral and throat discomfort assessed by a visual analog scale (VAS), which positively correlated with the discomfort. Secondary endpoints were unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR) and salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion rate. Overall, 40 subjects were randomly assigned to two sequences (20 each) and 34 were analyzed. The VAS values for oral and throat discomfort in the bLF treatment were significantly lower than in the placebo treatment, whereas UWSFR and IgA secretion rates were comparable between the two treatments. Adverse drug reactions were not observed. Subjective oral and throat discomfort associated with low humidity is suppressed by a single ingestion of bLF. Our findings demonstrate the novel use of bLF in a clinical situation that leverages its unique characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutaro Kubo
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Oda
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Japan
| | - Miyuki Tanaka
- Innovative Research Institute, R&D Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-1-83 Higashihara, Zama 252-8583, Japan
| | - Takashi Koikeda
- Shiba Palace Clinic, Daiwa A Hamamatsucho Bldg. 6F, 1-9-10 Hamamatsucho, Minato 105-0013, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tomita
- Department of Advanced Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawa-Gakuen, Machida 194-8610, Japan
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28
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Abdelnour SA, Ghazanfar S, Abdel-Hamid M, Abdel-Latif HMR, Zhang Z, Naiel MAE. Therapeutic uses and applications of bovine lactoferrin in aquatic animal medicine: an overview. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1015-1029. [PMID: 36658448 PMCID: PMC10485086 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is an important food sector throughout the globe because of its importance in ensuring the availability of nutritious and safe food for human beings. In recent years, this sector has been challenged with several obstacles especially the emergence of infectious disease outbreaks. Various treatment and control aspects, including antibiotics, antiseptics, and other anti-microbial agents, have been used to treat farmed fish and shrimp against diseases. Nonetheless, these medications have been prohibited and banned in many countries because of the development of antimicrobial-resistant bacterial strains, the accumulation of residues in the flesh of farmed fish and shrimp, and their environmental threats to aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, scientists and researchers have concentrated their research on finding natural and safe products to control disease outbreaks. From these natural products, bovine lactoferrin can be utilized as a functional feed supplement. Bovine lactoferrin is a multi-functional glycoprotein applied in various industries, like food preservation, and numerous medications, due to its non-toxic and ecological features. Recent research has proposed multiple advantages and benefits of using bovine lactoferrin in aquaculture. Reports showed its potential ability to enhance growth, reduce mortalities, regulate iron metabolism, decrease disease outbreaks, stimulate the antioxidant defense system, and recuperate the overall health conditions of the treated fish and shrimp. Besides, bovine lactoferrin can be considered as a safe antibiotic alternative and a unique therapeutic agent to decrease the negative impacts of infectious diseases. These features can be attributed to its well-known antibacterial, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and antioxidant capabilities. This literature review will highlight the implications of bovine lactoferrin in aquaculture, particularly highlighting its therapeutic features and ability to promote immunological defensive pathways in fish. The information included in this article would be valuable for further research studies to improve aquaculture's sustainability and the functionality of aquafeeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh A Abdelnour
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Institute for Genomics Advanced and Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, 45500, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Abdel-Hamid
- Dairy Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, 12613, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hany M R Abdel-Latif
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, 22758, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Zhaowei Zhang
- National Reference Laboratory for Agricultural Testing (Biotoxin), Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Key Laboratory of Detection for Mycotoxins, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 430062, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Mohammed A E Naiel
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44519, Zagazig, Egypt.
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29
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Mann JK, Reddy T, van der Stok M, Ngubane A, Mulaudzi T, Mchunu N, Nevhungoni P, Manickchund N, Manickchund P, Louise Cairns CH, Govender V, Ndung'u T, Suleman Moosa MY, Gosnell BI. Hen egg white bovine colostrum supplement reduces symptoms of mild/moderate COVID-19: a randomized control trial. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO882. [PMID: 37621850 PMCID: PMC10445555 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The ability of a hen egg white bovine colostrum supplement to prevent severe COVID-19 was tested in a double-blind randomized control study. Methods Adults with mild/moderate COVID-19, risk factors for severe disease, and within 5 days of symptom onset were assigned to the intervention (n = 77) or placebo (n = 79) arms. Symptoms were documented until day 42 post-enrollment and viral clearance was assessed at 11-13 days post-symptom onset. Results One participant developed severe COVID-19. The severe-type symptom score was lower in the active arm at 11-13 days post-symptom onset (p = 0.049). Chest pain, fever/chills, joint pain/malaise, and sore throat were significantly less frequent in the active arm. No differences in viral clearance were observed. Conclusion The intervention reduced symptoms of mild/moderate COVID-19. Clinical Trial Registration DOH-27-062021-9191 (South African National Clinical Trials Register).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn Kelly Mann
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Tarylee Reddy
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, 4091, South Africa
| | - Mary van der Stok
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Ayanda Ngubane
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Takalani Mulaudzi
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Nobuhle Mchunu
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, 4091, South Africa
| | - Portia Nevhungoni
- Biostatistics Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Durban, 4091, South Africa
| | - Nithendra Manickchund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | - Pariva Manickchund
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
| | | | | | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, 4001, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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30
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Madkhali OA, Moni SS, Sultan MH, Bakkari MA, Almoshari Y, Shaheen ES, Alshammari A. Design and characterization of Lactotransferrin peptide-loaded dextran-docosahexaenoic acid nanoparticles: an immune modulator for hepatic damage. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13537. [PMID: 37598258 PMCID: PMC10439908 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40674-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this research was to create injectable delivery formulations using Lactotransferrin (LTF) peptide-loaded dextran nanoparticles coated with docosahexaenoic acid. These nanoparticles, designated as LLDDNP, underwent a lyophilization process. The study encompassed a comprehensive investigation, including physicochemical characterization, in vivo assessment of biomarkers, and an examination of immune response through cytokine modulation. The zeta potential of LLDDNP was - 24.5 ± 12 mV, while their average particle size was 334.9 z.d.nm. The particles exhibited a conductivity of 2.10 mS/cm, while their mobility in the injectable dosage form was measured at - 3.65 µm cm/Vs. The scanning electron microscopy investigation, the lyophilization processes resulted in discrete particles forming particle aggregations. However, transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that LLDDNP is spherical and smooth. The thermogram showed that about 95% of LLDDNP's weight was lost at 270 °C, indicating that the particles are extremely thermal stable. The XRD analysis of LLDDNP exhibited clear and distinctive peaks at 2θ angles, specifically at 9.6°, 20.3°, 21.1°, 22°, 24.6°, 25.2°, 36°, and 44.08°, providing compelling evidence of the crystalline nature of the particles. According to proton NMR studies, the proton dimension fingerprint region of LLDDNP ranges from 1.00 to 1.03 ppm. The in vitro release of LTF from LLDDNP was found to follow zero-order kinetics, with a commendable R2 value of 0.942, indicating a consistent and predictable release pattern over time. The in vivo investigation revealed a significant impact of hepatotoxicity on the elevation of various cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8R, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ. Additionally, the presence of hepatotoxicity led to an increase in apoptosis markers, namely caspase 3 and caspase 9, as well as elevated levels of liver biomarkers such as CRP, ALP, ALT, and AST. In contrast, the treatment with LLDDNP modulated the levels of all biomarkers, including cytokines level in the treatment group extremely high significant at p < 0.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama A Madkhali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivakumar S Moni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad H Sultan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ali Bakkari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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31
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El-Fakharany EM, El-Gendi H, El-Maradny YA, Abu-Serie MM, Abdel-Wahhab KG, Shabana ME, Ashry M. Inhibitory effect of lactoferrin-coated zinc nanoparticles on SARS-CoV-2 replication and entry along with improvement of lung fibrosis induced in adult male albino rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 245:125552. [PMID: 37356684 PMCID: PMC10290166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome 2019-new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a major global challenge caused by a pandemic disease, named 'COVID-19' with no effective and selective therapy available so far. COVID-19-associated mortality is directly related to the inability to suppress the viral infection and the uncontrolled inflammatory response. So, we investigated the antiviral efficiency of the nanofabricated and well-characterized lactoferrin-coated zinc nanoparticles (Lf-Zn-NPs) on SARS-CoV-2 replication and entry into host cells. Lf-Zn-NPs showed potent inhibition of the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the host cells by inhibition of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor. This inhibitory activity of Lf-Zn-NPs to target the interaction between the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the ACE2 receptor offers potent protection against COVID-19 outbreaks. Moreover, the administration of Lf-Zn-NPs markedly improved lung fibrosis disorders, as supported by histopathological findings and monitored by the significant reduction in the values of CRP, LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer, with a remarkable rise in CD4+, lung SOD, GPx, GSH, and CAT levels. Lf-Zn-NPs revealed therapeutic efficiency against lung fibrosis owing to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and ACE2-inhibiting activities. These findings suggest a promising nanomedicine agent against COVID-19 and its complications, with improved antiviral and immunomodulatory properties as well as a safer mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmail M El-Fakharany
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA- City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Hamada El-Gendi
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Yousra A El-Maradny
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA- City), New Borg El-Arab City 21934, Alexandria, Egypt; Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), Alamein 51718, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mahmoud Ashry
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
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Singh P, Hernandez‐Rauda R, Peña‐Rodas O. Preventative and therapeutic potential of animal milk components against COVID-19: A comprehensive review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2547-2579. [PMID: 37324885 PMCID: PMC10261805 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The global pandemic of COVID-19 is considered one of the most catastrophic events on earth. During the pandemic, food ingredients may play crucial roles in preventing infectious diseases and sustaining people's general health and well-being. Animal milk acts as a super food since it has the capacity to minimize the occurrence of viral infections due to inherent antiviral properties of its ingredients. SARS-CoV-2 virus infection can be prevented by immune-enhancing and antiviral properties of caseins, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, mucin, lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, oligosaccharides, glycosaminoglycans, and glycerol monolaurate. Some of the milk proteins (i.e., lactoferrin) may work synergistically with antiviral medications (e.g., remdesivir), and enhance the effectiveness of treatment in this disease. Cytokine storm during COVID-19 can be managed by casein hydrolyzates, lactoferrin, lysozyme, and lactoperoxidase. Thrombus formation can be prevented by casoplatelins as these can inhibit human platelet aggregation. Milk vitamins (i.e., A, D, E, and B complexes) and minerals (i.e., Ca, P, Mg, Zn, and Se) can have significantly positive effects on boosting the immunity and health status of individuals. In addition, certain vitamins and minerals can also act as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and antivirals. Thus, the overall effect of milk might be a result of synergistic antiviral effects and host immunomodulator activities from multiple components. Due to multiple overlapping functions of milk ingredients, they can play vital and synergistic roles in prevention as well as supportive agents during principle therapy of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder Singh
- Department of Animal Husbandry AmritsarGovernment of PunjabAmritsarIndia
| | - Roberto Hernandez‐Rauda
- Laboratorio de Inocuidad de AlimentosUniversidad Doctor Andres BelloSan SalvadorEl Salvador, América Central
| | - Oscar Peña‐Rodas
- Laboratorio de Inocuidad de AlimentosUniversidad Doctor Andres BelloSan SalvadorEl Salvador, América Central
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Ostertag F, Hinrichs J. Enrichment of Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulin G from Acid Whey by Cross-Flow Filtration. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112163. [PMID: 37297408 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of cream cheese, curd, high-protein yogurt, or caseinate results in large amounts of acid whey as a by-product. So far acid whey is often disposed as animal feed or organic fertilizer. However, these approaches ignore the valorization potential that arises from the unique composition of the whey protein fraction. Whey contains the biofunctional proteins lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G, which possess immune-supporting, antibacterial, antiviral, and numerous further health-promoting functions. However, the concentration of these proteins in bovine milk or whey is below a physiologically relevant level. Based on literature research we specified a daily intake of 200 mg lactoferrin as the minimal functional dose. By means of cross-flow ultrafiltration, an attempt was made to increase the concentration of biofunctional proteins. Therefore, a membrane for the selective retention of lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G was identified, and the process parameters were optimized. Finally, a concentration experiment was conducted, whereby the concentration of biofunctional proteins was increased up to factor 30. The biofunctionality was assessed in a microbiological assay. Surprisingly, the antimicrobial growth inhibition of the produced concentrate was even higher than in pure lactoferrin. The presented approach offers a strategy to convert an abundant but underutilized by-product into valuable products for human nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ostertag
- Department of Soft Matter Science and Dairy Technology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garben Str. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jörg Hinrichs
- Department of Soft Matter Science and Dairy Technology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Hohenheim, Garben Str. 21, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Conesa C, Bellés A, Grasa L, Sánchez L. The Role of Lactoferrin in Intestinal Health. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1569. [PMID: 37376017 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine represents one of the first barriers where microorganisms and environmental antigens come into tight contact with the host immune system. A healthy intestine is essential for the well-being of humans and animals. The period after birth is a very important phase of development, as the infant moves from a protected environment in the uterus to one with many of unknown antigens and pathogens. In that period, mother's milk plays an important role, as it contains an abundance of biologically active components. Among these components, the iron-binding glycoprotein, lactoferrin (LF), has demonstrated a variety of important benefits in infants and adults, including the promotion of intestinal health. This review article aims to provide a compilation of all the information related to LF and intestinal health, in infants and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Conesa
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Bellés
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Grasa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Kopaeva MY, Azieva AM, Cherepov AB, Zarayskaya IY. Lactoferrin Modulates Induction of Transcription Factor c-Fos in Neuronal Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098373. [PMID: 37176079 PMCID: PMC10179438 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (Lf) is a multifunctional protein from the transferrin family. Of particular interest is the ability of Lf to affect a wide range of neuronal processes by modulating the expression of genes involved in long-term neuroplasticity. The expression of the immediate early gene c-fos that is rapidly activated in response to external influences, and its product, transcription factor c-Fos, is widely used as a marker of long-term neuronal plasticity. The present study aims to examine the effect of human Lf on the induction of transcription factor c-Fos in the primary mouse neuronal cultures after stimulation and to determine the cellular localization of human Lf and its colocalization with induced c-Fos protein. Primary dissociated cultures of hippocampal cells were obtained from the brains of newborn C57BL/6 mice (P0-P1). On day 7 of culturing, human Lf was added to the medium. After 24 h (day 8 in culture), c-Fos protein was induced in cells by triple application of 50 mM KCl. c-Fos content was analyzed using the immunofluorescent method 2 h after stimulation. Stimulation promoted exogenous Lf translocation into the nuclei of cultured neuronal cells, which correlated with increased induction of transcription factor c-Fos and was accompanied by nuclear colocalization of these proteins. These results attest to the potential of Lf as a modulator of neuronal processes and open up new prospects in studying the mechanisms of the regulatory effects of lactoferrin on cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Yu Kopaeva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1 Akademika Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Asya M Azieva
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1 Akademika Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton B Cherepov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", 1 Akademika Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Yu Zarayskaya
- Research Institute of Normal Physiology Named after P.K. Anokhin, 8 Baltiyskaya St., 125315 Moscow, Russia
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Al-Najjar AH, Ayob AR, Awad AS. Role of Lactoferrin in Treatment of Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats: Impact on Inflammation and TGF-β1/Smad2/α SMA Signaling Pathway. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2023; 13:428-436. [PMID: 37250877 PMCID: PMC10213847 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatic fibrosis is a major health issue that might lead to hepatic cirrhosis and cancer. One of its main causes is cholestasis, which has been stimulated by bile duct ligation (BDL) to block the bile flow from the liver. As for the treatment, lactoferrin (LF), the iron-binding glycoprotein, has been evaluated in various studies for the treatment of infections, inflammation, and cancer. The current study aims to investigate the curative effects of LF on BDL-induced hepatic fibrosis in rats. Methods Rats were randomly allocated into 4 groups: (1) Control sham, (2) BDL: that have been subjected to a surgery of BDL, (3) BDL + LF: 14 days later after surgery; they have been subjected to LF treatment (300 mg/kg/day, po) for two weeks, and (4) LF group has been administered (300 mg/kg/day, po) for two weeks. Results BDL elevated inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin -1beta (IL-1β) by 635% and 250% (P ≤ 0.05), respectively, as sham group), beside it decreased the anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin- 10 (IL-10) by 47.7% (P ≤ 0.05) as sham group, causing inflammation, and fibrosis of the liver by the up-regulation of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)/Smad2/α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) signaling pathway. LF treatment ameliorated these effects through its anti-inflammatory action (it significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1β by 166% and 159% (P ≤ 0.05), respectively, as sham group, while increased IL-10 by 86.8% (P ≤ 0.05), as sham group) and anti-fibrotic effect by the down-regulation of TGF-β1/Smad2/α-SMA signaling pathway. These results were confirmed by histopathological examination. Conclusion lactoferrin shows promising results for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis via attenuating the TGF-β1/Smad2/α-SMA pathway and through its properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya H. Al-Najjar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya R. Ayob
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, 6th of October University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza S. Awad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Mohamed OS, Abdel Baky NA, Sayed-Ahmed MM, Al-Najjar AH. Lactoferrin alleviates cyclophosphamide induced-nephropathy through suppressing the orchestration between Wnt4/β-catenin and ERK1/2/NF-κB signaling and modulating klotho and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Life Sci 2023; 319:121528. [PMID: 36828132 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent with vast arrays of therapeutic activity. Currently, its medical use is limited due to its numerous adverse events, including nephrotoxicity. This study aimed to follow the molecular mechanisms behind the potential renoprotective action of lactoferrin (LF) against cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced renal injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS For fulfillment of our aim, Spragw-Dwaly rats were orally administrated LF (300 mg/kg) for seven consecutive days, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of CP (150 mg/kg). KEY FINDINGS Treatment of CP-injured rats with LF significantly reduced the elevated creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), markedly upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling with consequent increase in renal total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and decrease in renal malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Furthermore, LF treatment significantly reduced the elevated renal p-ERK1/2 expression, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) levels in CP-treated animals. Interestingly, LF treatment downregulated Wnt4/β-catenin signaling and increased both renal klotho gene expression and serum klotho level. Furthermore, LF treatment reduced apoptosis in kidney tissue via suppressing GSK-3β expression and modulating caspase-3 and Bcl2 levels. Histopathological examination of kidney tissue confirmed the protective effect of LF against CP-induced renal injury. SIGNIFICANCE The present findings document the renoprotective effect of LF against CP-induced nephropathy, which may be mediated via suppressing ERK1/2/ NF-κB and Wnt4/β-catenin trajectories and enhancing klotho expression and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola S Mohamed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nayira A Abdel Baky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed M Sayed-Ahmed
- Pharmacology and Experimental Oncology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aya H Al-Najjar
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Effect of Liposomal-Lactoferrin-Based Eye Drops on the Conjunctival Microflora of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:1315-1326. [PMID: 36826753 PMCID: PMC10011268 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative endophthalmitis is typically caused by the patient's conjunctival bacterial flora. Povidone iodine solution (5%) is used perioperatively to obtain periocular and ocular antisepsis. However, an adjunctive prophylaxis procedure could further help control the conjunctival microbial load. Considering the increase in antibiotic resistance, a progressive shift toward alternative methods would be desirable. Somilux® eye drops (Alfa Intes, lactoferrin-based eye drops) are medical devices containing liposomal lactoferrin (LF). This study evaluates the effects on conjunctival microflora of LF-based eye drops used in the preoperative phase in patients scheduled for cataract surgery. METHODS LF-based eye drops or a vehicle solution (water solution) were instilled 4 times a day starting 3 days before cataract surgery. Before the therapy (T0) and at the time of surgery (T1), a conjunctival swab was performed in both eyes and processed to detect microbial growth, microbiological isolation, and species identification. The outcome was the quantification and characterization of the local microbial flora before and after using LF-based or vehicle-based eye drops. Safety of the treatments was also evaluated. RESULTS 88 eyes of 44 patients (mean [± SD] age 75 [± 12.6] years) were enrolled. At baseline, 54 conjunctival swabs showed only saprophytic flora, 27 showed only potential pathogenic flora, and seven showed both of them. LF-based eye drops reduced the proportion of potentially pathogenic bacteria (36% at T0 vs. 9% at T1, p = 0.008) compared with the vehicle (41% at T0 vs. 55% at T1, p = 0.302) without altering the physiological ocular microbial composition. No adverse events have been reported. CONCLUSION Our findings provide a novel contribution to the scientific knowledge on the role of LF in the ophthalmic field, supporting the use of LF-based eye drops as a safe and selective treatment to improve the ocular surface physiological defenses and control the bacterial ocular surface contamination prior to cataract surgery.
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Miura K, Nagai Y, Yokouchi A, Miwa K. Expressing recombinant human lactoferrin with antibacterial activity in Nicotiana benthamiana. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:63-69. [PMID: 38213921 PMCID: PMC10777134 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0128a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a non-hematic iron-binding 80-kDa protein that exhibits antimicrobial activity. Higher plants function as "green bioreactors" for large-scale recombinant protein production. In this study, we transiently expressed recombinant human lactoferrin (rhLF) in Nicotiana benthamiana at a yield of approximately 40 µg g-1 fresh mass (gFM) using the Tsukuba system. Additionally, the expression level of rhLF increased when it was fused with KDEL, an endoplasmic reticulum retention motif. Purified plant-derived rhLF possesses antibacterial activity that inhibits the growth of Escherichia coli. These results indicated that rhLF containing antimicrobial activity can be produced in N. benthamiana using the Tsukuba system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Yuriko Nagai
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Akira Yokouchi
- Nitto Denko Corporation, Corporate Technology Sector, Corporate Research and Development Div, Sustainable Technology Research Center, Osaka 530-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miwa
- Nitto Denko Corporation, Corporate Technology Sector, Corporate Research and Development Div, Sustainable Technology Research Center, Osaka 530-0011, Japan
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Ohradanova-Repic A, Praženicová R, Gebetsberger L, Moskalets T, Skrabana R, Cehlar O, Tajti G, Stockinger H, Leksa V. Time to Kill and Time to Heal: The Multifaceted Role of Lactoferrin and Lactoferricin in Host Defense. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1056. [PMID: 37111542 PMCID: PMC10146187 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein present in most human exocrine fluids, particularly breast milk. Lactoferrin is also released from neutrophil granules, and its concentration increases rapidly at the site of inflammation. Immune cells of both the innate and the adaptive immune system express receptors for lactoferrin to modulate their functions in response to it. On the basis of these interactions, lactoferrin plays many roles in host defense, ranging from augmenting or calming inflammatory pathways to direct killing of pathogens. Complex biological activities of lactoferrin are determined by its ability to sequester iron and by its highly basic N-terminus, via which lactoferrin binds to a plethora of negatively charged surfaces of microorganisms and viruses, as well as to mammalian cells, both normal and cancerous. Proteolytic cleavage of lactoferrin in the digestive tract generates smaller peptides, such as N-terminally derived lactoferricin. Lactoferricin shares some of the properties of lactoferrin, but also exhibits unique characteristics and functions. In this review, we discuss the structure, functions, and potential therapeutic uses of lactoferrin, lactoferricin, and other lactoferrin-derived bioactive peptides in treating various infections and inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, we summarize clinical trials examining the effect of lactoferrin supplementation in disease treatment, with a special focus on its potential use in treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Praženicová
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Laura Gebetsberger
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tetiana Moskalets
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Rostislav Skrabana
- Laboratory of Structural Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ondrej Cehlar
- Laboratory of Structural Biology of Neurodegeneration, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabor Tajti
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Leksa
- Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Kaczyńska K, Jampolska M, Wojciechowski P, Sulejczak D, Andrzejewski K, Zając D. Potential of Lactoferrin in the Treatment of Lung Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:192. [PMID: 37259341 PMCID: PMC9960651 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein that exhibits a variety of properties, such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer, that can be used to treat numerous diseases. Lung diseases continue to be the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Many of the therapies currently used to treat these diseases have limited efficacy or are associated with side effects. Therefore, there is a constant pursuit for new drugs and therapies, and LF is frequently considered a therapeutic agent and/or adjunct to drug-based therapies for the treatment of lung diseases. This article focuses on a review of the existing and most up-to-date literature on the contribution of the beneficial effects of LF on the treatment of lung diseases, including asthma, viral infections, cystic fibrosis, or lung cancer, among others. Although in vitro and in vivo studies indicate significant potency of LF in the treatment of the listed diseases, only in the case of respiratory tract infections do human studies seem to confirm them by demonstrating the effectiveness of LF in reducing episodes of illness and shortening the recovery period. For lung cancer, COVID-19 and sepsis, the reports are conflicting, and for other diseases, there is a paucity of human studies conclusively confirming the beneficial effects of LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kaczyńska
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Jampolska
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Wojciechowski
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Sulejczak
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kryspin Andrzejewski
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Zając
- Department of Respiration Physiology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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The Influence of Lactoferrin in Plasma and Peritoneal Fluid on Iron Metabolism in Women with Endometriosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021619. [PMID: 36675136 PMCID: PMC9863839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between lactoferrin and iron and its binding proteins in women with endometriosis by simultaneously measuring these parameters in plasma and peritoneal fluid. Ninety women were evaluated, of whom 57 were confirmed as having endometriosis. Lactoferrin was measured by ELISA, transferrin, ferritin and iron on a Cobas 8000 analyser. Lactoferrin and transferrin in peritoneal fluid were lower compared to plasma, in contrast to ferritin and iron. In plasma, lactoferrin showeds associations with iron and transferrin in endometriosis and with ferritin in the group without endometriosis. Lactoferrin in peritoneal fluid correlated with lactoferrin, iron and transferrin of plasma in patients without endometriosis. The ratio of lactoferrin concentration in peritoneal fluid to plasma differentiated stage I versus IV of endometriosis and was negatively correlated with the iron ratio in patients without endometriosis. The ferritin ratio differentiated women with and without endometriosis. The very high ferritin ratios, especially in advanced stages of endometriosis, suggest the protective involvement of this protein in peritoneal fluid and the loss of this role by lactoferrin. The results demonstrate the validity of assessing iron metabolism in women with endometriosis, which may be useful as a marker of the disease and its progression.
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Lactoferrin Restores the Deoxynivalenol-Impaired Spermatogenesis and Blood-Testis Barrier Integrity via Improving the Antioxidant Capacity and Modifying the Cell Adhesion and Inflammatory Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010152. [PMID: 36671014 PMCID: PMC9855165 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is among the most prevalent contaminants in cereal crops and has been demonstrated to impair male spermatogenesis and induce oxidative stress, testicular apoptosis, and disruption of the blood-testis barrier (BTB). Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein with multifunctions including anti-inflammation and antioxidation. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of LF on the spermatogenesis and integrity of the BTB in DON-exposed mice. Thirty-two male mice were allotted to four groups for a 35-day feeding period: vehicle (basal diet), DON (12 mg/kg), LF (10 mg/d, p.o.), and DON + LF. The results showed that DON induced vacuolization of the spermatogenic epithelium, broke the adhesion junction between Sertoli cells and spermatids established by N-cadherin and induced testicular oxidative stress. LF administration restored sperm production, attenuated the DON-induced oxidative stress and reduced the breakages in adhesion junction. DON exposure enhanced the protein expression of occludin. Transcriptional profiling of the testis observed a disturbance in the expression profiles of cell adhesion and inflammatory response genes, and LF administration reversed these gene expressions. Furthermore, down-regulated signaling pathways, including the apical junction, TNFα signaling via NF-κB, and TGF-β in the DON group were observed. These were restored by LF. Enrichment analysis between DON + LF group and vehicle also confirmed the absence of these pathways. These findings indicated that LF eliminated the DON-induced detriment to spermatogenesis and cell connections between Sertoli cells and spermatids via improving antioxidant capacity and modifying the inflammatory response and cell adhesion genes.
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Olyayee M, Javanmard A, Janmohammadi H, Kianfar R, Alijani S, Mir Ghelenj SA. Supplementation of broiler chicken diets with bovine lactoferrin improves growth performance, histological parameters of jejunum and immune-related gene expression. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:200-213. [PMID: 35102621 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of dietary supplementation of bovine lactoferrin (bLF) on growth performance, carcass traits, histomorphology of jejunum, immune function and hepatic and splenic gene expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukine-2 (IL-2) in broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens were randomly allotted into six dietary treatments with four replicate pens (10 chicks per pen) and fed experimental diet in 3 feeding phases (starter: d 0-10, grower: d 11-24 and finisher: d 25-42). The experimental treatments were (1) corn-soya bean meal-based basal diet (control), (2-5) basal diet supplemented with 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg bLF, respectively, and (6) basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg oxytetracycline (OTC). The average body weight gain (ABWG) of broilers fed 800 mg/kg bLF was 8.48% higher than those fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet during the starter period (d 0-10) (linear effect, p = 0.002; quadratic effect, p = 0.24). Average daily feed intake (ADFI) and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected (p>0.05) by bLF supplementation. At 42 days of age, the breast meat percentage and carcass yield of broilers fed 800 mg/kg bLF compared with the control group significantly increased by 9.51% and 6.03% respectively (p < 0.05). Compared with the chicks fed the control diet, the chicks fed diets supplemented with bLF had higher villus height, muscle thickness and villus surface area (p > 0.05). Dietary bLF inclusion increased the total immunoglobulin (IgT) titre against sheep red blood cells (SRBCs) antigen (linear effect, p = 0.031; quadratic effect, p = 0.035) and improved the phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA-P)-skin test of broilers. Compared with the control, bLF enhanced the gene expression of IFN-γ in spleen (p = 0.048, linear effect, p = 0.009; quadratic effect, p = 0.093) and liver (p = 0.012, linear effect, p = 0.008; quadratic effect, p = 0.01) and IL-2 expression in spleen (p = 0.021, linear effect, p = 0.026; quadratic effect, p = 0.103). The bLF supplementation had no effect on IL-2 gene expression in liver (p > 0.05, linear effect, p = 0.213; quadratic effect, p = 0.159). In conclusion, we found that supplementation of broiler diets with 800 mg/kg bLF can improve the growth performance, carcass yield, cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses and enhance the IL-2 and IFN-γ gene expression of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Olyayee
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arash Javanmard
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Janmohammadi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ruhollah Kianfar
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sadegh Alijani
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Binding of Equine Seminal Lactoferrin/Superoxide Dismutase (SOD-3) Complex Is Biased towards Dead Spermatozoa. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010052. [PMID: 36611662 PMCID: PMC9817809 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm-neutrophil binding is an important facet of breeding and significantly impacts fertility. While a specific seminal plasma protein has been found to reduce this binding and improve fertility (CRISP-3), additional molecule(s) appear to promote binding between defective sperm and neutrophils. Recent work has suggested one of these proteins is lactoferrin (LF), an 80 kDa iron-binding protein found throughout the body, but the purity of the protein was not confirmed. It is unknown if LF binds to sperm selectively based on viability, and if receptors for LF are located on equine sperm. To evaluate this, we attempted to purify equine seminal LF from five stallions (n = 5), biotinylate LF, and evaluate potential binding site(s) on spermatozoa. LF was consistently associated with superoxide dismutase (SOD-3), and all attempts to separate the two proteins were unsuccessful. Flow cytometric and microscopic analyses were used to compare LF/SOD-3 binding to viable and nonviable spermatozoa. Additionally, various methods of biotinylation were assessed to optimize this methodology. Biotinylation of seminal plasma protein was an effective and efficient method to study seminal plasma protein properties, and the binding site for LF/SOD-3 was found to be broadly localized to the entire sperm cell surface as well as selective towards nonviable/defective sperm. Although we were not able to determine if the binding to equine spermatozoa was through LF or SOD-3, we can conclude that equine seminal LF is tightly bound to SOD-3 and this protein complex binds selectively to nonviable spermatozoa, possibly to mark them for elimination by neutrophil phagocytosis.
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Costantini E, Di Nicola M, Marchioni M, Aielli L, Reale M, Schips L. Effects of Curcumin and Lactoferrin to Inhibit the Growth and Migration of Prostatic Cancer Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16193. [PMID: 36498267 PMCID: PMC9737629 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains one of the main causes of death for men worldwide. Despite recent advances in cancer treatment, patients develop resistance after an initial period of optimal efficacy. Nowadays, it is accepted that natural compounds can result in health benefits with a preventive or adjuvant effect. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin (CU), a bioactive compound in the spice turmeric, and lactoferrin (LF), a natural glycoprotein with immunomodulatory properties, on DU145 and PC3. Prostate cancer cells were cultured with and without LF (175 μM) and CU (2.5 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL), alone and in combination. Cell viability, migration ability, death receptors (DRs), and integrins (α3, β1) gene expression were evaluated, as well as human annexin V quantification and Akt phosphorylation. Differences among cells group, defined according to the treatment used, were assessed with ANOVA. The results showed that the effects of CU and LF are different between the two prostatic cell lines analyzed. In DU145, a reduction in cell proliferation and migration is reported both in the presence of single and combined treatments. In PC3 cells, there is a significant reduction in proliferation in the presence of CU alone, while the inhibition of migration is mainly related to the LF treatment and its combination with CU, compared to untreated cells. Moreover, the reduction in gene expression of integrins and Akt pathway activation were observed mostly in the presence of the CU and LF combination, including the upregulation of DR and annexin V levels, with greater significance for the DU145 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that CU and LF may have a potentially beneficial effect, mainly when administered in combination, leading to a reduction in cancer cells' aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marta Di Nicola
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Michele Marchioni
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.D.N.); (L.S.)
| | - Lisa Aielli
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Marcella Reale
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.A.); (M.R.)
| | - Luigi Schips
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.D.N.); (L.S.)
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Zhuang Y, Li Q, Cao C, Tang XS, Wang NA, Yuan K, Zhong GF. Bovine lactoferricin on non-specific immunity of giant freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:891-897. [PMID: 36334700 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Bovine lactoferricin (LFcinB) on the growth performance and non-specific immunity in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Five experimental diets were 1.0‰ Bovine lactoferricin (LCB1); 1.5‰ Bovine lactoferricin (LCB1.5); 2.0‰ Bovine lactoferricin (LCB2); 2.5‰ Bovine lactoferricin (LCB2.5); the control group, basal diet without Bovine lactoferricin. A total of 600 prawns were randomly assigned to 5 groups in triplicate in 15 tanks for an 8-week feeding trial. The results showed the final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and survival rate of prawns in the treatment groups were significantly improved versus the control (P < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio was reduced significantly in treatment groups compared to the control (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZM), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the hepatopancreas of the treatment groups were significantly enhanced, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the relative expression levels of AKP, ACP, LZM, CAT, SOD, Hsp70, peroxiredoxin-5, Toll, dorsal and relish genes were significantly higher among treatment groups, except for the AKP gene in the LCB1 group and the Hsp70 gene in the LCB1.5 group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control, the relative expression levels of TOR, 4E-BP, eIF4E1α and eIF4E2 genes were significantly enhanced in the LCB1.5 group (P < 0.05). When resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus in prawn is considered, higher doses of Bovine lactoferricin show better antibacterial ability. The present study indicated that dietary Bovine lactoferricin could significantly improve the growth performance and improve the antioxidative status of M. rosenbergii. The suitable addition level is 1.5 g/kg. LFcinB has great potential as a new feed additive without the threat of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhuang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qi Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Cong Cao
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiang-Shan Tang
- Zhejiang Hangzhou Tiao Wang Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Nu-An Wang
- South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Kun Yuan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Guo-Fang Zhong
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Lin CC, Chuang KC, Chen SW, Chao YH, Yen CC, Yang SH, Chen W, Chang KH, Chang YK, Chen CM. Lactoferrin Ameliorates Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma in Mice through Reducing Dendritic-Cell-Derived Th2 Cell Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214185. [PMID: 36430662 PMCID: PMC9696322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease with symptoms such as expiratory airflow narrowing and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Millions of people suffer from asthma and are at risk of life-threatening conditions. Lactoferrin (LF) is a glycoprotein with multiple physiological functions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antitumoral activities. LF has been shown to function in immunoregulatory activities in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) in mice. Hence, the purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of LF in AHR and the functions of dendritic cells (DCs) and Th2-related responses in asthma. Twenty 8-week-old male BALB/c mice were divided into normal control (NC), ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized, and OVA-sensitized with low dose of LF (100 mg/kg) or high dose of LF (300 mg/kg) treatment groups. The mice were challenged by intranasal instillation with 5% OVA on the 21st to 27th day after the start of the sensitization period. The AHR, cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and pulmonary histology of each mouse were measured. Serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 and OVA-specific splenocyte responses were further detected. The results showed that LF exhibited protective effects in ameliorating AHR, as well as lung inflammation and damage, in reducing the expression of Th2 cytokines and the secretion of allergen-specific antibodies, in influencing the functions of DCs, and in decreasing the level of Th2 immune responses in a BALB/c mouse model of OVA-induced allergic asthma. Importantly, we demonstrated that LF has practical application in reducing DC-induced Th2 cell responses in asthma. In conclusion, LF exhibits anti-inflammation and immunoregulation activities in OVA-induced allergic asthma. These results suggest that LF may act as a supplement to prevent asthma-induced lung injury and provide an additional agent for reducing asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chien Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences, Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hsuan Chao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, College of Health Care, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Hsun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Hsi Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kang Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Mu Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, The Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-22856309; Fax: +886-4-22874740
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Liu ZS, Li PL, Ku YW, Chen PW. Oral Administration of Recombinant Lactoferrin-Expressing Probiotics Ameliorates Diet-Induced Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2215. [PMID: 36363807 PMCID: PMC9694622 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently developed probiotics that can express bovine, human, or porcine lactoferrin (LF), and the present study evaluated the effect of these probiotics in improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Three kinds of probiotic supplements, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB), LAB/LF, and inactivated LAB/LF, were prepared. The LAB supplement was prepared from 10 viable LAB without recombinant LF-expression, the LAB/LF supplement was prepared from 10 viable probiotics expressing LF, and the inactivated LAB/LF supplement was prepared from 10 inactivated probiotics expressing LF. A model of obese/NAFLD mice induced by a high-fat diet was established, and the mice were randomly divided into four groups and fed with a placebo, LAB, LAB/LF, or inactivated LAB daily for four weeks via oral gavage. The body weight, food intake, organ weight, biochemistry, and hepatic histopathological alterations and severity scoring were measured. The results revealed that the obese mice fed with any one of the three probiotic mixtures prepared from recombinant probiotics for four weeks exhibited considerably improved hepatic steatosis. These findings confirmed the assumption that specific probiotic strains or LF supplements could help to control NAFLD, as suggested in previous reports. Our data also suggest that the probiotics and LFs in probiotic mixtures contribute differently to improving the efficacy against NAFLD, and the expressed LF content in probiotics may help to boost their efficacy in comparison with the original probiotic mixtures. Moreover, when these LF-expressing probiotics were further inactivated by sonication, they displayed better efficacies than the viable probiotics against NAFLD. This study has provided intriguing data supporting the potential of recombinant probiotics in improving hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Shu Liu
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 24301, Taiwan
- Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chiayi 61363, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan
| | - Yu-We Ku
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan
- Animal and Plant Disease Control Center Yilan County, Wujie Township, Yilan County 268015, Taiwan
| | - Po-Wen Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40249, Taiwan
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Bolat E, Eker F, Kaplan M, Duman H, Arslan A, Saritaş S, Şahutoğlu AS, Karav S. Lactoferrin for COVID-19 prevention, treatment, and recovery. Front Nutr 2022; 9:992733. [PMID: 36419551 PMCID: PMC9676636 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.992733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a unique beta-coronavirus, has caused the most serious outbreak of the last century at the global level. SARS-CoV-2 infections were firstly reported in the city of Wuhan in China in 2019 and this new disease was named COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO). As this novel disease can easily be transmitted from one individual to another via respiratory droplets, many nations around the world have taken several precautions regarding the reduction in social activities and quarantine for the limitation of the COVID-19 transmission. SARS-CoV-2 is known to cause complications that may include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-organ failure, septic shock, and death. To prevent and treat COVID-19, some significant studies have been conducted since the outbreak. One of the most noticeable therapeutic approaches is related to a multifunctional protein, lactoferrin. Lactoferrin (Lf) is an 80 kDa cationic glycoprotein that has a great range of benefits from improving the immunity to antiviral effects due to its unique characteristics such as the iron-binding ability. This review summarizes the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential applications of Lf for the prevention, treatment, and recovery of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecem Bolat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Furkan Eker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Merve Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Ayşenur Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Saritaş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | | | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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