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Bahnamiri PJ, Hajizadeh Moghaddam A, Ranjbar M, Nazifi E. Effects of Nostoc commune extract on the cerebral oxidative and neuroinflammatory status in a mice model of schizophrenia. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 37:101594. [PMID: 38371525 PMCID: PMC10873873 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterium Nostoc commune has long been used to alleviate various diseases. This research examines the effects of Nostoc commune extract (NCE) against behavioral disorders, cerebral oxidative stress, and inflammatory damage in the ketamine-induced schizophrenia model. Oral NCE administration (70 and 150 mg/kg/d) is performed after intraperitoneal ketamine injection (20 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days. The forced swimming and open field tests are used to assess schizophrenia-like behaviors. After the behavioral test, dopamine (DA) level, oxidative stress markers, as well as the interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression are measured in the cerebral cortex. The results show that NCE treatment ameliorates KET-induced anxiety and depressive-like behaviors in OFT and FST, respectively. NCE considerably decreases the malondialdehyde (MDA) and DA levels and IL-6 and TNF-α expressions in mice with schizophrenia-like symptoms. Also, a significant increase is observed in the glutathione (GSH) level and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione reductase (GRx) activity in cerebral tissue. The present study shows that NCE treatment effectively improves KET-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors and oxidative and inflammatory damage. Therefore, NCE, via its bioactive constituents, could have strong neuroprotective effects in the schizophrenia-like model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mojtaba Ranjbar
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazifi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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Mohammadi AH, Balandeh E, Hasani J, Karimian M, Arabshahi V, Pourfarzam M, Bahmani F, Namazi G. The Oxidative Status and Na +/K +-ATPase Activity in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Case Control Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 2024:9979582. [PMID: 38435539 PMCID: PMC10907107 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9979582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Oxidative stress is involved in pathogenesis of some psychiatric disorders. To examine the role of oxidative stress in the etiopathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), we aimed to determine oxidative stress indices, including malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and red blood cells (RBC) membrane, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), serum glutathione (GSH) levels, serum antioxidant vitamins (A and E), and Na+/K+-ATPase activity, in patients with the mentioned disorder vs. healthy controls. Method 39 OCD patients diagnosed based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) and 39 volunteer healthy subjects were included in this study. MDA levels in serum and RBC membrane were measured using fluorometric method. Serum TAC level, serum GSH level, and Na+/K+-ATPase activity were also measured using spectrophotometric methods. Serum levels of vitamins were calculated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Result There was a significantly higher MDA level in serum (p < 0.0001) and RBC membrane (p = 0.002) of OCD patients compared with those in controls. A significant reduction in vitamin A (p = 0.001) and vitamin E (p = 0.024) levels was found in OCD patients vs. controls. There was significantly lower activity of erythrocyte membrane Na+/K+-ATPase in RBC membrane of OCD patients vs. controls (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Our findings indicate significantly higher levels MDA in both serum and RBC membrane, lower levels of serum vitamins A and E, and lower activity of membrane Na+/K+-ATPase in OCD patients compared to controls. These suggest an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant factors in OCD patients that might play a fundamental role in the etiopathogenesis of OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Mohammadi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Balandeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Jila Hasani
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Vajiheh Arabshahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Pourfarzam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Namazi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Oumayma B, Wahid K, Soumaya G, Olfa T, Ben Rhouma K, Mohsen S, Dorsaf H. Phycocyanin improved alcohol-induced hepatorenal toxicity and behavior impairment in Wistar rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:1187-1192. [PMID: 36342230 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2139843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate a potential preventive effect of phycocyanin extract from Spirulina platensis against ethanol- induced hepatorenal toxicity and cognitive behavior impairment in male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly and equally divided into four groups (six animals each): control group received saline solution, ethanol (EtOH) group was injected intraperitoneally with 1 ml/kg of ethanol solution 38% (w/v), phycocyanin groups were treated with 25 (PC1) or 50 (PC2) mg/kg phycocyanin extract followed by ethanol administration. All treatments were conducted for 14 successive days. Results revealed that ethanol induced oxidative stress in brain, liver, and kidney by increasing lipid peroxidation level and SOD and CAT activities. Serum biochemical perturbations were also observed in EtOH group, which was indicated by a significant elevation in ALT, AST, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, and urea levels. Combined exposure to EtOH with phytocyanin contracted these biochemical alterations. Phycocyanin decreased also EtOH-induced anxiety and ameliorated exploratory behavior assessed by the elevated-plus maze and open field tests respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boukari Oumayma
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Khemissi Wahid
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Ghodhbane Soumaya
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Tebourbi Olfa
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Khemais Ben Rhouma
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Sakly Mohsen
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
| | - Hallegue Dorsaf
- Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisia
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Khalatbari Mohseni G, Hosseini SA, Majdinasab N, Cheraghian B. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on oxidative stress biomarkers, depression, and anxiety symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2023; 43:382-390. [PMID: 37386885 PMCID: PMC10496087 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a thiol-containing antioxidant and glutathione (GSH) precursor, attenuates oxidative stress, and possibly improves psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of oral NAC on oxidative stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS This clinical trial was conducted on 42 MS patients randomly assigned to intervention (n = 21) and control (n = 21) groups. The intervention group received 600 mg of NAC twice daily for 8 weeks, and the control group received a placebo with the same prescription form. An analysis of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), serum nitric oxide (NO), and erythrocyte GSH was carried out on both groups, along with a complete blood count. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess symptoms of depression (HADS-D) and anxiety (HADS-A). RESULTS Compared to the control group, NAC consumption significantly decreased serum MDA concentrations (-0.33 [-5.85-2.50] vs. 2.75 [-0.25-5.22] μmol/L; p = 0.03) and HADS-A scores (-1.6 ± 2.67 vs. 0.33 ± 2.83; p = 0.02). No significant changes were observed in serum NO concentrations, erythrocyte GSH levels, and HADS-D scores (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of the present study, NAC supplementation for 8 weeks decreased lipid peroxidation and improved anxiety symptoms in MS patients. The aforementioned results suggest that adjunctive therapy with NAC can be considered an effective strategy for MS management. Further randomized controlled studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golsa Khalatbari Mohseni
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical SciencesAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research CenterAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical SciencesAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Nastaran Majdinasab
- Department of Neurology, School of MedicineAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
| | - Bahman Cheraghian
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public HealthAhvaz Jundishapur University of Medical SciencesAhvazIran
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Poladian N, Navasardyan I, Narinyan W, Orujyan D, Venketaraman V. Potential Role of Glutathione Antioxidant Pathways in the Pathophysiology and Adjunct Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders. Clin Pract 2023; 13:768-779. [PMID: 37489419 PMCID: PMC10366746 DOI: 10.3390/clinpract13040070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between the production of free radicals and their removal by antioxidants, leading to accumulation and subsequent organ and tissue damage. Antioxidant status and its role in the accumulation of free radicals has been observed in a number of psychological disorders. Glutathione is commonly referred to as the principal antioxidant of the brain and, therefore, plays a critical role in maintaining redox homeostasis. Reduced levels of glutathione in the brain increase its vulnerability to oxidative stress, and may be associated with the development and progression of several psychiatric disorders. Within this review, we focus on analyzing potential associations between the glutathione antioxidant pathway and psychiatric disorders: major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. Our research suggests that studies regarding these four disorders have shown decreased levels of GSH in association with diseased states; however, conflicting results note no significant variance in glutathione pathway enzymes and/or metabolites based on diseased state. In studying the potential of NAC administration as an adjunct therapy, various studies have shown NAC to augment therapy and/or aid in symptomatic management for psychiatric disorders, while contrasting results exist within the literature. Based on the conflicting findings throughout this review, there is room for study regarding the potential role of glutathione in the development and progression of psychiatric disorders. Our findings further suggest a need to study such pathways with consideration of the interactions with first-line pharmacotherapy, and the potential use of antioxidants as supplemental therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Poladian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Inesa Navasardyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - William Narinyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Davit Orujyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
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Booher WC, Vanderlinden LA, Hall LA, Thomas AL, Evans LM, Saba LM, Ehringer MA. Hippocampal RNA sequencing in mice selectively bred for high and low activity. GENES, BRAIN, AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 22:e12832. [PMID: 36514243 PMCID: PMC10067415 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High and Low Activity strains of mice were bidirectionally selected for differences in open-field activity (DeFries et al., 1978, Behavior Genetics, 8: 3-13) and subsequently inbred to use as a genetic model for studying anxiety-like behaviors (Booher et al., 2021, Genes, Brain and Behavior, 20: e12730). Hippocampal RNA-sequencing of the High and Low Activity mice identified 3901 differentially expressed protein-coding genes, with both sex-dependent and sex-independent effects. Functional enrichment analysis (PANTHER) highlighted 15 gene ontology terms, which allowed us to create a narrow list of 264 top candidate genes. Of the top candidate genes, 46 encoded four Complexes (I, II, IV and V) and two electron carriers (cytochrome c and ubiquinone) of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process. The most striking results were in the female high anxiety, Low Activity mice, where 39/46 genes relating to oxidative phosphorylation were upregulated. In addition, comparison of our top candidate genes with two previously curated High and Low Activity gene lists highlight 24 overlapping genes, where Ndufa13, which encodes the supernumerary subunit A13 of complex I, was the only gene to be included in all three lists. Mitochondrial dysfunction has recently been implicated as both a cause and effect of anxiety-related disorders and thus should be further explored as a possible novel pharmaceutical treatment for anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winona C. Booher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Institute for Behavioral GeneticsUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Lauren A. Vanderlinden
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, Colorado School of Public HealthUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Lucy A. Hall
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Aimee L. Thomas
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Luke M. Evans
- Institute for Behavioral GeneticsUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Laura M. Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Marissa A. Ehringer
- Institute for Behavioral GeneticsUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
- Department of Integrative PhysiologyUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
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Raeeszadeh M, Khalili T, Sharifi H, Mohammadzadeh P. Ameliorative effect of Brassica oleracea var. Italica extract on oxidative damage of arsenic in the rat's brain: biochemical, pathological, and behavioral aspects. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1323-1334. [PMID: 36701015 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01164-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Brain damage caused by the metal accumulation may result in the permanent injuries including severe neurological disorders. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the medicinal efficacy of broccoli extract in arsenic-induced brain poisoning. Twenty-eight female rats were classified into 4 groups; control, receiving sodium arsenate (As), As + broccoli extract (As + Bc), and (Bc). Then, the Elevated Plus-Maze and pathological-biochemical assessment of the brain tissue were performed. Moreover, the GC-MS was used to explore the quantity and quality of broccoli extract. The catalase had a significant decrease in the As group compared to that of the control group; As + Bc and Bc groups also showed a significant increase compared to that of the As group. Glutathione peroxidase was the lowest in the As group (1.84 ± 0.97) and the highest in the Bc group (5.51 ± 2.31). The Treatment significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in the As + Bc group. In addition, in terms of behavioral changes, the duration of presence in the open arm was reduced in the As group compared to that of the control group. Besides, the open arm duration increased significantly in the Bc group. Interestingly, there was a significant increase in estrogen and gonadotropin hormones in the Bc group compared to the other groups. Pathological findings showed that the condition of cortical neurons was improved and the surrounding space was reduced in As + Bc compared to that of the As group. In addition, more than 30% of the extract's compounds are made up Phytol,1-isothiocyanate-4-[methylsulfinyl] butane, and γ-Sitosterol. Thereby, the broccoli extract with active substances was highly effective in enhancing the behavioral and pathological parameters switch in rats with arsenic-induced poisoned brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Raeeszadeh
- Department of Basic Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Tabasom Khalili
- Graduate of Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Hanieh Sharifi
- Graduate of Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Peyman Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pathobiology Sciences, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
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Schnider M, Jenni R, Ramain J, Camporesi S, Golay P, Alameda L, Conus P, Do KQ, Steullet P. Time of exposure to social defeat stress during childhood and adolescence and redox dysregulation on long-lasting behavioral changes, a translational study. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:413. [PMID: 36163247 PMCID: PMC9512907 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02183-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic events during childhood/early adolescence can cause long-lasting physiological and behavioral changes with increasing risk for psychiatric conditions including psychosis. Genetic factors and trauma (and their type, degree of repetition, time of occurrence) are believed to influence how traumatic experiences affect an individual. Here, we compared long-lasting behavioral effects of repeated social defeat stress (SD) applied during either peripuberty or late adolescence in adult male WT and Gclm-KO mice, a model of redox dysregulation relevant to schizophrenia. As SD disrupts redox homeostasis and causes oxidative stress, we hypothesized that KO mice would be particularly vulnerable to such stress. We first found that peripubertal and late adolescent SD led to different behavioral outcomes. Peripubertal SD induced anxiety-like behavior in anxiogenic environments, potentiated startle reflex, and increased sensitivity to the NMDA-receptor antagonist, MK-801. In contrast, late adolescent SD led to increased exploration in novel environments. Second, the long-lasting impact of peripubertal but not late adolescent SD differed in KO and WT mice. Peripubertal SD increased anxiety-like behavior in anxiogenic environments and MK-801-sensitivity mostly in KO mice, while it increased startle reflex in WT mice. These suggest that a redox dysregulation during peripuberty interacts with SD to remodel the trajectory of brain maturation, but does not play a significant role during later SD. As peripubertal SD induced persisting anxiety- and fear-related behaviors in male mice, we then investigated anxiety in a cohort of 89 early psychosis male patients for whom we had information about past abuse and clinical assessment during the first year of psychosis. We found that a first exposure to physical/sexual abuse (analogous to SD) before age 12, but not after, was associated with higher anxiety at 6-12 months after psychosis onset. This supports that childhood/peripuberty is a vulnerable period during which physical/sexual abuse in males has wide and long-lasting consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Schnider
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Jenni
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Julie Ramain
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sara Camporesi
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Golay
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luis Alameda
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Conus
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q. Do
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1008 Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Steullet
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1008, Prilly-Lausanne, Switzerland.
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van Rensburg D, Lindeque Z, Harvey BH, Steyn SF. Reviewing the mitochondrial dysfunction paradigm in rodent models as platforms for neuropsychiatric disease research. Mitochondrion 2022; 64:82-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Increasing Inhibition of the Rat Brain 2-Oxoglutarate Dehydrogenase Decreases Glutathione Redox State, Elevating Anxiety and Perturbing Stress Adaptation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020182. [PMID: 35215295 PMCID: PMC8875720 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific inhibitors of mitochondrial 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) are administered to animals to model the downregulation of the enzyme as observed in neurodegenerative diseases. Comparison of the effects of succinyl phosphonate (SP, 0.02 mmol/kg) and its uncharged precursor, triethyl succinyl phosphonate (TESP, 0.02 and 0.1 mmol/kg) reveals a biphasic response of the rat brain metabolism and physiology to increasing perturbation of OGDH function. At the low (TE)SP dose, glutamate, NAD+, and the activities of dehydrogenases of 2-oxoglutarate and malate increase, followed by their decreases at the high TESP dose. The complementary changes, i.e., an initial decrease followed by growth, are demonstrated by activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and glutamine synthetase, and levels of oxidized glutathione and citrulline. While most of these indicators return to control levels at the high TESP dose, OGDH activity decreases and oxidized glutathione increases, compared to their control values. The first phase of metabolic perturbations does not cause significant physiological changes, but in the second phase, the ECG parameters and behavior reveal decreased adaptability and increased anxiety. Thus, lower levels of OGDH inhibition are compensated by the rearranged metabolic network, while the increased levels induce a metabolic switch to a lower redox state of the brain, associated with elevated stress of the animals.
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Mosaferi B, Jand Y, Salari AA. Gut microbiota depletion from early adolescence alters anxiety and depression-related behaviours in male mice with Alzheimer-like disease. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22941. [PMID: 34824332 PMCID: PMC8617202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut-microbiota-brain axis plays an important role in stress-related disorders, and dysfunction of this complex bidirectional system is associated with Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to assess the idea that whether gut microbiota depletion from early adolescence can alter anxiety- and depression-related behaviours in adult mice with or without Alzheimer-like disease. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with an antibiotic cocktail from weaning to adulthood. Adult mice received an intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-beta (Aβ)1-42, and were subjected to anxiety and depression tests. We measured, brain malondialdehyde and glutathione following anxiety tests, and assessed brain oxytocin and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function by measuring adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone following depression tests. Healthy antibiotic-treated mice displayed significant decreases in anxiety-like behaviours, whereas they did not show any alterations in depression-like behaviours and HPA axis function. Antibiotic treatment from early adolescence prevented the development of anxiety- and depression-related behaviours, oxidative stress and HPA axis dysregulation in Alzheimer-induced mice. Antibiotic treatment increased oxytocin in the brain of healthy but not Alzheimer-induced mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that gut microbiota depletion following antibiotic treatment from early adolescence might profoundly affect anxiety- and depression-related behaviours, and HPA axis function in adult mice with Alzheimer-like disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belal Mosaferi
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Yahya Jand
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali-Akbar Salari
- Salari Institute of Cognitive and Behavioral Disorders (SICBD), P.O. Box 31396-45999, Karaj, Alborz, Iran.
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Sfera A, Osorio C, Rahman L, Zapata-Martín del Campo CM, Maldonado JC, Jafri N, Cummings MA, Maurer S, Kozlakidis Z. PTSD as an Endothelial Disease: Insights From COVID-19. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:770387. [PMID: 34776871 PMCID: PMC8586713 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.770387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, has affected almost every aspect of human life, precipitating stress-related pathology in vulnerable individuals. As the prevalence rate of posttraumatic stress disorder in pandemic survivors exceeds that of the general and special populations, the virus may predispose to this disorder by directly interfering with the stress-processing pathways. The SARS-CoV-2 interactome has identified several antigens that may disrupt the blood-brain-barrier by inducing premature senescence in many cell types, including the cerebral endothelial cells. This enables the stress molecules, including angiotensin II, endothelin-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, to aberrantly activate the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex, increasing the vulnerability to stress related disorders. This is supported by observing the beneficial effects of angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in both posttraumatic stress disorder and SARS-CoV-2 critical illness. In this narrative review, we take a closer look at the virus-host dialog and its impact on the renin-angiotensin system, mitochondrial fitness, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We discuss the role of furin cleaving site, the fibrinolytic system, and Sigma-1 receptor in the pathogenesis of psychological trauma. In other words, learning from the virus, clarify the molecular underpinnings of stress related disorders, and design better therapies for these conditions. In this context, we emphasize new potential treatments, including furin and bromodomains inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Carolina Osorio
- Department of Psychiatry, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Leah Rahman
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | | | - Jose Campo Maldonado
- Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, United States
| | - Nyla Jafri
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | | | - Steve Maurer
- Patton State Hospital, San Bernardino, CA, United States
| | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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Pinna A, Colasanti A. The Neurometabolic Basis of Mood Instability: The Parvalbumin Interneuron Link-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:689473. [PMID: 34616292 PMCID: PMC8488267 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.689473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurobiological bases of mood instability are poorly understood. Neuronal network alterations and neurometabolic abnormalities have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety conditions associated with mood instability and hence are candidate mechanisms underlying its neurobiology. Fast-spiking parvalbumin GABAergic interneurons modulate the activity of principal excitatory neurons through their inhibitory action determining precise neuronal excitation balance. These interneurons are directly involved in generating neuronal networks activities responsible for sustaining higher cerebral functions and are especially vulnerable to metabolic stress associated with deficiency of energy substrates or mitochondrial dysfunction. Parvalbumin interneurons are therefore candidate key players involved in mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of brain disorders associated with both neuronal networks' dysfunction and brain metabolism dysregulation. To provide empirical support to this hypothesis, we hereby report meta-analytical evidence of parvalbumin interneurons loss or dysfunction in the brain of patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD), a condition primarily characterized by mood instability for which the pathophysiological role of mitochondrial dysfunction has recently emerged as critically important. We then present a comprehensive review of evidence from the literature illustrating the bidirectional relationship between deficiency in mitochondrial-dependent energy production and parvalbumin interneuron abnormalities. We propose a mechanistic explanation of how alterations in neuronal excitability, resulting from parvalbumin interneurons loss or dysfunction, might manifest clinically as mood instability, a poorly understood clinical phenotype typical of the most severe forms of affective disorders. The evidence we report provides insights on the broader therapeutic potential of pharmacologically targeting parvalbumin interneurons in psychiatric and neurological conditions characterized by both neurometabolic and neuroexcitability abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Pinna
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Colasanti
- Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Anxiogenic Potential of Experimental Sleep Fragmentation Is Duration-Dependent and Mediated via Oxidative Stress State. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2262913. [PMID: 34471462 PMCID: PMC8405322 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2262913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sleep architecture alterations, among which sleep fragmentation is highly prevalent, represent risk factors for a variety of diseases, ranging from cardiovascular to brain disorders, including anxiety. What mediates anxiety occurrence upon sleep fragmentation is still a matter of debate. We hypothesized that the sleep fragmentation effects on anxiety are dependent on its duration and mediated by increased oxidative stress and alterations in the number of parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons in the hippocampus. Sleep was fragmented in rats by the treadmill method during a period of 14 days (SF group). Rats with undisturbed sleep in the treadmill (TC group) and those receiving equal amounts of treadmill belt motion (EC group) served as controls. To assess anxiety, we subjected rats to the open field, elevated plus maze, and light-dark tests on the 0, 7th, and 14th day. Upon the last test, brain structures were sampled for oxidative stress assessment and PV+ interneuron immunohistochemistry. The results of ethological tests of anxiety-linked behavior suggested duration-dependent anxiogenic potential of sleep fragmentation. Rats' anxiety-linked behavior upon sleep fragmentation significantly correlated with oxidative stress. The rats with fragmented sleep (SF) showed significantly higher oxidative stress in the hippocampus, thalamus, and cortex, compared to controls (TC and EC), while the antioxidant enzymes' activity was significantly decreased. No significant differences were observed in hippocampal PV+ interneurons among these groups. Our results showed that duration of sleep fragmentation is a significant determinant of anxiety-linked behavior, and these effects are mediated through oxidative distress in the brain. Herein, it is revealed that the sleep fragmentation-oxidative stress-anxiety axis contributes to our better understanding of pathophysiological processes, occurring due to disrupted sleep patterns.
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15
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Matinfar P, Peeri M, Azarbayjani MA. Swimming exercise attenuates anxiety-like behavior by reducing brain oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic mice. Physiol Behav 2021; 237:113449. [PMID: 33945802 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety-related behaviors are among the most prevalent psychiatric disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The protective effect of exercise on neuropsychiatric disorders has been documented. However, there are no studies that examined whether swimming exercise can decrease anxiety-like symptoms in type 2 diabetes. We investigated the effects of swimming exercise on body weight, anxiety-like behavior, glucose and insulin levels, and brain oxidative stress in male C57BL/6 mice. T2D-induced mice were subjected to swimming exercise, then anxiety-like behaviors were measured by the open field, light-dark box, and elevated plus-maze tests. Glucose and insulin levels were measure in serum, and antioxidant/oxidative markers including glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) were measured in the brain. Our findings showed that T2D increased body weight, anxiety-like symptoms, glucose and insulin resistance, and oxidative stress by increasing MDA and GSSG levels in the brain of mice. Interestingly, swimming exercise reversed these parameters in diabetic mice. Our findings clearly indicate that there is a protective impact of swimming exercise on anxiety-like behavior by reducing insulin resistance and brain oxidative stress in mice with type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to validate these findings in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parinaz Matinfar
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maghsoud Peeri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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The Anxiolytic and Antidepressant Effects of Diallyl Disulfide and GYY4137 in Animals with Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071074. [PMID: 34356307 PMCID: PMC8301074 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
When neuropathic pain is maintained long term, it can also lead to the development of emotional disorders that are even more intense than pain perception and difficult to treat. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors relieve chronic pain, but their effects on the associated mood disorders are not completely elucidated. We evaluated if treatment with DADS (diallyl disulfide) or GYY4137 (morpholin-4-ium 4-methoxyphenyl(morpholino) phosphinodithioate dichloromethane complex), two slow-releasing H2S donors, inhibits the anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors that concur with chronic neuropathic pain generated by sciatic nerve injury in mice. The modulatory role of these drugs in the inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative processes implicated in the development of the affective disorders was assessed. Our results revealed the anxiolytic, antidepressant, and antinociceptive properties of DADS and GYY4137 during neuropathic pain by inhibiting microglial activation and the up-regulation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/phosphorylated protein kinase B and BAX in the amygdala (AMG) and/or periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). Both treatments also normalized and/or activated the endogenous antioxidant system, but only DADS blocked ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. Both H2S donors decreased allodynia and hyperalgesia in a dose-dependent manner by activating the Kv7 potassium channels and heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathways. This study provides evidence of the anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of DADS and GYY4137 during neuropathic pain and reveals their analgesic actions, suggesting that these therapeutic properties may result from the inhibition of the inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative responses in the AMG and/or PAG. These findings support the use of these treatments for the management of affective disorders accompanying chronic neuropathic pain.
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17
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Tengeler AC, Emmerzaal TL, Geenen B, Verweij V, van Bodegom M, Morava E, Kiliaan AJ, Kozicz T. Early-adolescent antibiotic exposure results in mitochondrial and behavioral deficits in adult male mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12875. [PMID: 34145328 PMCID: PMC8213690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92203-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to antibiotic treatment has been associated with increased vulnerability to various psychiatric disorders. However, a research gap exists in understanding how adolescent antibiotic therapy affects behavior and cognition. Many antibiotics that target bacterial translation may also affect mitochondrial translation resulting in impaired mitochondrial function. The brain is one of the most metabolically active organs, and hence is the most vulnerable to impaired mitochondrial function. We hypothesized that exposure to antibiotics during early adolescence would directly affect brain mitochondrial function, and result in altered behavior and cognition. We administered amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, or gentamicin in the drinking water to young adolescent male wild-type mice. Next, we assayed mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complex activities in the cerebral cortex, performed behavioral screening and targeted mass spectrometry-based acylcarnitine profiling in the cerebral cortex. We found that mice exposed to chloramphenicol showed increased repetitive and compulsive-like behavior in the marble burying test, an accurate and sensitive assay of anxiety, concomitant with decreased mitochondrial complex IV activity. Our results suggest that only adolescent chloramphenicol exposure leads to impaired brain mitochondrial complex IV function, and could therefore be a candidate driver event for increased anxiety-like and repetitive, compulsive-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk C Tengeler
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim L Emmerzaal
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bram Geenen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Vivienne Verweij
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda van Bodegom
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tamas Kozicz
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition & Behaviour, Centre for Medical Neuroscience, Preclinical Imaging Centre PRIME, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Xu Z, Lin S, Gong J, Feng P, Cao Y, Li Q, Jiang Y, You Y, Tong Y, Wang P. Exploring the Protective Effects and Mechanism of Crocetin From Saffron Against NAFLD by Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:681391. [PMID: 34179049 PMCID: PMC8219931 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.681391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a burgeoning health problem but no drug has been approved for its treatment. Animal experiments and clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial of saffron on NAFLD. However, the bioactive ingredients and therapeutic targets of saffron on NAFLD are unclear. Purpose: This study aimed to identify the bioactive ingredients of saffron responsible for its effects on NAFLD and explore its therapy targets through network pharmacology combined with experimental tests. Methods: Various network databases were searched to identify bioactive ingredients of saffron and identify NAFLD-related targets. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment were conducted to enrich functions and molecular pathways of common targets and the STRING database was used to establish a protein-protein interaction network (PPI). The effect of crocetin (CCT) on NAFLD was evaluated in a mouse model of NAFLD by measuring the biomarkers of lipid, liver and renal function, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Liver histopathology was performed to evaluate liver injury. Nuclear factor erythroid-related factor (Nrf2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) were examined to elucidate underlying mechanism for the protective effect of saffron against NAFLD. Results: A total of nine bioactive ingredients of saffron, including CCT, with 206 common targets showed therapeutic effects on NAFLD. Oxidative stress and diabetes related signaling pathways were identified as the critical signaling pathways mediating the therapeutic effects of the active bioactive ingredients on NAFLD. Treatment with CCT significantly reduced the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and the levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CR), and uric acid (UA). CCT significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Histological analysis showed that CCT suppressed high-fat diet (HFD) induced fat accumulation, steatohepatitis, and renal dysfunctions. Results of ELISA assay showed that CCT decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and increased the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2. Conclusion: This study shows that CCT is a potential bioactive ingredient of saffron that treats NAFLD. Its mechanism of action involves suppressing of oxidative stress, mitigating inflammation, and upregulating Nrf2 and HO-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Susu Lin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Gong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peishi Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Cao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuli Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingpeng Tong
- School of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, Taizhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Aghaie F, Moradifar F, Hosseini A. Rapamycin attenuates depression and anxiety-like behaviors through modulation of the NLRP3 pathway in pentylenetetrazole-kindled male Wistar rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2021; 35:1045-1054. [PMID: 33930202 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is cumulative evidence that shows the effect of epilepsy on behavioral conditions like anxiety and depression. OBJECTIVES The effects of rapamycin on anxiety and depression caused by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) in the rat and possible underlying mechanisms were evaluated. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental groups were treated with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg of rapamycin, while the control group received normal saline only. Kindling was induced by sub-threshold dose (35 mg/kg, i.p.) of PTZ for one month. When the kindling procedure was done, the seizure behaviors and the behavioral function were evaluated. For anxiety parameters, the elevated plus maze (EPM) was used. The forced swim test was employed to assess the antidepressant potential. At the end of the experiment, rats were euthanized and the blood serum and brain samples were isolated for respective measurement of oxidative stress and gene expression parameters. RESULTS Rapamycin delayed the development of kindling and the onset time of seizures. Rapamycin administration reduced immobility time in the FST, exerting antidepressant-like activity. In the EPM test, rapamycin produced an anxiolytic-like effect. In addition, rapamycin increased the catalase and superoxide dismutase levels in the serum and significantly decreased the gene expression of I11b and Nlrp3 compared to the PTZ group. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the inhibitory effect of mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) on reactive oxygen species production during NLRP3 inflammasome activation could bring about behavioral alterations in anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Aghaie
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Abdolkarim Hosseini
- Department of Animal Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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20
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de França Silva RC, de Souza MA, da Silva JYP, Ponciano CDS, Bordin Viera V, de Menezes Santos Bertozzo CC, Guerra GC, de Souza Araújo DF, da Conceição MM, Querino Dias CDC, Oliveira ME, Soares JKB. Evaluation of the effectiveness of macaíba palm seed kernel (Acrocomia intumescens drude) on anxiolytic activity, memory preservation and oxidative stress in the brain of dyslipidemic rats. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246184. [PMID: 33730037 PMCID: PMC7968719 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Macaíba palm seed kernel is a source of lipids and phenolic compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of macaíba palm seed kernel on anxiety, memory, and oxidative stress in the brain of health and dyslipidemic rats. Forty rats were used, divided into 4 groups (n = 10 each): control (CONT), dyslipidemic (DG), kernel (KG), and Dyslipidemic kernel (DKG). Dyslipidemia was induced using a high fat emulsion for 14 days before treatment. KG and DKG received 1000 mg/kg of macaíba palm seed kernel per gavage for 28 days. After treatment, anxiety tests were carried out using the Open Field Test (OFT), Elevated Plus Maze (EPM), and the Object Recognition Test (ORT) to assess memory. In the animals’ brain tissue, levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and total glutathione (GSH) were quantified to determine oxidative stress. The data were treated with Two Way ANOVA followed by Tukey (p <0.05). Results demonstrated that the animals treated with kernel realized more rearing. DG and KG groomed less compared with CONT and DKG compared with all groups in OFT. KG spent more time in aversive open arms compared with CONT and DKG compared with all groups in EPM. Only DKG spent more time in the central area in EMP. KG and DKG showed a reduction in the exploration rate and MDA values (p <0.05). Data showed that macaíba palm seed kernel consumption induced anxiolytic-like behaviour and decreased lipids peroxidation in rats’ brains. On the other hand, this consumption by healthy and dyslipidemic animals compromises memory.
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Arabi M, Nasab SH, Lorigooini Z, Boroujeni SN, Mortazavi SM, Anjomshoa M, Amini-Khoei H. Auraptene exerts protective effects on maternal separation stress-induced changes in behavior, hippocampus, heart and serum of mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107436. [PMID: 33556667 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Early life stress is associated with various complications. Auraptene has significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to assess the probable underlying mechanisms that mediate changes in the behavior, hippocampus, heart and serum in the mouse model of maternal separation (MS) stress. We evaluated the possible protective effects of auraptene in these changes focusing on inflammatory response and oxidative state. Mice were treated with auraptene (5, 10, and 50 mg/kg). In addition, anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated using behavioral tests; including open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM). Hippocampus and heart samples were assessed histopathologically. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity, as well as nitrite levels, were measured in serum, heart, and hippocampal tissues. Moreover, gene expression of inflammatory markers (Il-1β and Tlr-4) was evaluated in the heart and hippocampus. Results showed that auraptene reversed the negative effects of MS on behavior (increased time spent in central zone of the OFT and time and entries to the open arms of the EPM). Auraptene mitigated adverse effects of MS on the hippocampus (increased diameter and decreased percentage of dark neurons in the CA3 area). Accordingly, auraptene decreased MDA and nitrite levels and increased the antioxidant capacity in serum, and hippocampal samples. However, we observed different effects for different doses of auraptene in the heart samples. We concluded that MS is associated with anxiety-like behavior and cellular/molecular modifications in the heart, hippocampus and serum. We found that auraptene exerted protective effects against these negative effects of MS in mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Arabi
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shohreh Hosseini Nasab
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shakiba Nasiri Boroujeni
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohsen Mortazavi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Anjomshoa
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Caldiroli A, Auxilia AM, Capuzzi E, Clerici M, Buoli M. Malondialdehyde and bipolar disorder: A short comprehensive review of available literature. J Affect Disord 2020; 274:31-37. [PMID: 32469821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenetic mechanisms of Bipolar Disorder (BD) have not been totally clarified. Oxidative stress seems to be involved in the etiology of BD, and malondialdehyde (MDA) represents a candidate biomarker for monitoring this aspect in different medical conditions including mood disorders. This article has the objective to critically summarize the available data about the association between MDA and BD. METHODS A research in Pubmed, PsycINFO and Isi Web of Knowledge was fulfilled to identify studies in which MDA levels were measured in BD patients for the purpose of securing a comprehensive review concerning the issue. RESULTS We detected 20 articles that satisfied the inclusion criteria: most of them observed higher MDA levels (or Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances-TBARS) in BD patients compared to healthy controls (HC), although there are some contrasting results, depending in particular on the phase of illness or the inclusion criteria or the methodological differences. LIMITATIONS We included studies, exclusively in English, that used different laboratory methods to measure MDA. CONCLUSIONS The analysed articles suggest that MDA or TBARS are increased in BD patients with respect to HC, thus supporting the hypothesis that MDA may be a promising and potential biomarker to monitor the course of BD, although further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Caldiroli
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Auxilia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Enrico Capuzzi
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, Monza, Italy
| | - Massimo Clerici
- Psychiatric Department, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Monza, Monza, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, via Cadore 38, 20900 Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Buoli
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via F. Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Dutt M, Dharavath RN, Kaur T, Chopra K, Sharma S. Differential effects of alprazolam against methylphenidate-induced neurobehavioral alterations. Physiol Behav 2020; 222:112935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Zalachoras I, Hollis F, Ramos-Fernández E, Trovo L, Sonnay S, Geiser E, Preitner N, Steiner P, Sandi C, Morató L. Therapeutic potential of glutathione-enhancers in stress-related psychopathologies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:134-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Rahmani G, Farajdokht F, Mohaddes G, Babri S, Ebrahimi V, Ebrahimi H. Garlic ( Allium sativum) improves anxiety- and depressive-related behaviors and brain oxidative stress in diabetic rats. Arch Physiol Biochem 2020; 126:95-100. [PMID: 30169970 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1494746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of garlic on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors and brain oxidative markers in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into seven experimental groups (n = 8/group): control, diabetic + saline, diabetic + garlic, diabetic + imipramine, and diabetic + diazepam groups. Animals received garlic homogenate (0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 g/kg) for 10 days. At the end of the treatments, anxiety- and depressive-related behaviors were evaluated by elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swimming test (FST), respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured in the brain. Diabetic + garlic (0.5 g/kg) group showed lower anxiety- and- depressive-like behaviors as compared to the diabetic rats. Furthermore, garlic treatment (0.5 g/kg) attenuated MDA levels and enhanced SOD and GPx activities in the brain. Our findings indicate that garlic alleviates anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in the diabetic rats possibly by attenuation of brain oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Rahmani
- Neuroscience Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neuroscience Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gisou Mohaddes
- Neuroscience Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shirin Babri
- Neuroscience Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vida Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Ebrahimi
- Neuroscience Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (NSRC), Tabriz, Iran
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Martins J, Czamara D, Lange J, Dethloff F, Binder EB, Turck CW, Erhardt A. Exposure-induced changes of plasma metabolome and gene expression in patients with panic disorder. Depress Anxiety 2019; 36:1173-1181. [PMID: 31374578 DOI: 10.1002/da.22946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders including panic disorder (PD) are the most prevalent psychiatric diseases leading to high disability and burden in the general population. Acute panic attacks are distinctive for PD but also frequent in other anxiety disorders. The neurobiology or specific molecular changes leading to and present during panic attacks are insufficiently known so far. METHODS In the present pilot study, we investigated dynamic metabolomic and gene expression changes in peripheral blood of patients with PD (n = 25) during two exposure-induced acute panic attacks. RESULTS The results show that the metabolite glyoxylate was dynamically regulated in peripheral blood. Additionally, glyoxylate levels were associated with basal anxiety levels and showed gender-related differences at baseline. As glyoxylate is part of the degradation circuit of cholecystokinin, this suggests that this neuropeptide might be directly involved in exposure-induced panic attacks. Only gene expression changes of very small magnitude were observed in this experimental setting. CONCLUSIONS From this first metabolome and gene expression study in exposure-induced acute panic attacks in PD we conclude that metabolites can potentially serve as dynamic markers for different anxiety states. However, these findings have to be replicated in cohorts with greater sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Martins
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lange
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Frederik Dethloff
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Chris W Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Angelika Erhardt
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute for Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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Kumar M, Chail M. Sucrose and saccharin differentially modulate depression and anxiety-like behavior in diabetic mice: exposures and withdrawal effects. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:3095-3110. [PMID: 31073738 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05259-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Sugar has addictive potential owing to increase in monoaminergic-transmission at pleasure and reward centers of brain. Insulin dysfunction triggered synaptic monoamine deficit is associated with sugar overeating and craving-related psychological changes in diabetic patients. Sugar-substitute (saccharin) is non-caloric artificial sweetener that may alleviate brain disorders in diabetes. OBJECTIVES In present study, effects of sucrose and sugar-substitute (saccharin) exposures and withdrawal on depression and anxiety-like behavior in type 2 diabetic mice were assessed. METHODS Swiss albino mice were injected with streptozotocin (135 mg/kg). After induction of diabetes, mice were exposed to a two-bottle water-water, 10% sucrose-water, or 10% saccharin-water choice paradigm for 28 days. Separate groups were employed to assess withdrawal effect of sucrose or saccharin in diabetic mice. Monoamine oxidase (MAO), corticosterone, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were quantified after behavioral tests. RESULTS Diabetic mice manifested preference towards 10% sucrose or saccharin over water. Sucrose-overeating by diabetic mice amplified symptoms of depression and anxiety; however, withdrawal further exaggerated these behavioral abnormalities. Substitution of sucrose by 10% saccharin attenuated the depressive and anxiety-like behavior in comparison to diabetic mice that were exposed separately to water-water or sucrose-water alone, and with respect to normal mice. Although withdrawal from saccharin resurfaced behavioral anomalies in diabetic mice, however, these were significantly low in comparison with withdrawal from sucrose or normal group. Reinstatement of exposure to saccharin mitigated symptoms of depression and anxiety in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION Preference of sucrose overeating augments while saccharin mitigates depressive and anxiety behavior during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Monica Chail
- Department of Pharmacology, Swift School of Pharmacy, Ghaggar Sarai, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
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28
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Anxiety and Brain Mitochondria: A Bidirectional Crosstalk. Trends Neurosci 2019; 42:573-588. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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29
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Maia A, Oliveira J, Lajnef M, Mallet L, Tamouza R, Leboyer M, Oliveira-Maia AJ. Oxidative and nitrosative stress markers in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2019; 139:420-433. [PMID: 30873609 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, prevalent, and highly impairing psychiatric illness. Although the pathophysiology of OCD remains unknown, pathways involved in oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) have been implicated. The present study aims to systematically review the literature for quantitative evidence that patients with OCD have altered measures of blood O&NS markers. METHODS Independent random-effects meta-analyses using standardized mean differences were conducted to assess each marker separately. Additionally, data from multiple markers were pooled together in a meta-analysis for measures of oxidant activity and another for measures of antioxidant activity. RESULTS Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria, involving 433 OCD patients and 459 controls. Eleven blood O&NS markers were eligible for independent quantitative analyses. We found that, in OCD patients, the oxidant markers 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde, and the antioxidants glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, were significantly increased while total antioxidant status, vitamin C, and vitamin E were significantly decreased, when comparing with controls. Regarding pooled meta-analyses, we found a statistically significant increase in oxidant markers, but non-significant results regarding antioxidant markers. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggests that OCD patients have a systemic oxidative imbalance that is not adequately buffered by the antioxidant system. Additional studies are needed in order to support this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maia
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Oliveira
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisboa, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro Hospitalar Psiquiátrico de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Lajnef
- INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France.,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France
| | - L Mallet
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France.,CNRS, INSERM, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pôle de psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor - Albert Chenevier, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France.,Department of Mental Health and Psychiatry, Global Health Institute, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Tamouza
- Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pôle de psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor - Albert Chenevier, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - M Leboyer
- INSERM U955, Translational Psychiatry, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Créteil, France.,Fondation Fondamental, Créteil, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Pôle de psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri Mondor - Albert Chenevier, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - A J Oliveira-Maia
- Champalimaud Research and Clinical Centre, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisboa, Portugal.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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(Z)-7,4′-Dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-aurone-4-O-β-glucopyranoside exerts neuroprotective effects in vitro and anxiolytic activity in vivo. Neuroreport 2019; 30:280-287. [DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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31
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Dachew BA, Scott JG, Mamun A, Alati R. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and the risk of anxiety disorders in adolescence: Findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. J Psychiatr Res 2019; 110:159-165. [PMID: 30641349 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) on offspring anxiety disorders in adolescence is not yet known. This study aims to examine the association between HDP and offspring anxiety disorders at age 15 years. METHODS We used data from 5231 mother-offspring pairs from the United Kingdom based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Anxiety disorder was diagnosed in the offspring at the age of 15 years using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA). RESULTS Among those who had anxiety disorders, 16.4% were exposed to HDP. After adjusting for a wide range of known confounders, we found that adolescents of women with HDP had a 2.43 fold (95% CI: 1.41-4.19) increase risk of anxiety disorders compared with adolescents of women without HDP. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that adolescents exposed to HDP had higher risk of anxiety disorders compared with unexposed adolescents and suggests that prevention and treatment of maternal HDP could possibly prevent offspring anxiety in adolescence. Early screening for anxiety disorders in offspring of women with HDP may also be warranted. Further research is needed to explain the pathways by which HDP may increase the risk of offspring psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berihun Assefa Dachew
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - James G Scott
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Australia; Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia; Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Australia
| | - Abdullah Mamun
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rosa Alati
- Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; School of Public Health, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
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Queiroz MP, Lima MDS, de Melo MFFT, Bertozzo CCDMS, de Araújo DF, Guerra GCB, Queiroga RDCRDE, Soares JKB. Maternal suppplementation with conjugated linoleic acid reduce anxiety and lipid peroxidation in the offspring brain. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:75-82. [PMID: 30236761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal consumption of fatty acids can alter neuronal membrane function, synaptic connections, and protect the brain from alterations caused by disturbances such as lipid peroxidation and anxiety in the offspring. We aimed to investigate how the maternal consumption of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) interferes in anxiety behavior of the offspring and cerebral lipid peroxidation. METHODS Three groups were formed: control (CG) - diet without CLA; CLA1 - diet containing 1% of CLA; and CLA3 - diet containing 3% of CLA. These diets were offered to the mothers from the 7th day of gestation until the end of lactation. The following behavioral tests were used: Elevated plus maze (EPM), Open Field (OF) and Light-dark Box (LDB). Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione were measured in the offspring's brains. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by the Holm-Sidak post-test or the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). RESULTS CLA1 and CLA3 showed higher number of entries in the open arms and time spent in the central area in EPM, they translocated and ambulated more in the clear area of the LDB and presented more rearing in the OF compared to CG (p < 0.05); moreover, they presented higher concentration of glutathione and lower MDA in brain tissue (p < 0.05). LIMITATIONS We evaluated the effect of maternal consumption of CLA on anxiety and lipid peroxidation in rats' offspring, but a similar study should be performed in humans. CONCLUSIONS Maternal intake of CLA induced a decrease in the parameters of anxiety and cerebral lipid peroxidation in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelly Pires Queiroz
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, s/n - Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB 58051-085, Brazil.
| | - Martiniano da Silva Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, CG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Rita de Cassia Ramos do Egypto Queiroga
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, s/n - Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB 58051-085, Brazil; Laboratory of Bromatology, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Késsia Barbosa Soares
- Program of Food Science and Tecnology, Federal University of Paraiba, Cidade Universitária, s/n - Castelo Branco III, João Pessoa, PB 58051-085, Brazil; Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, CG, Brazil
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Kumar RS, Narayanan SN, Kumar N, Nayak S. Exposure to Enriched Environment Restores Altered Passive Avoidance Learning and Ameliorates Hippocampal Injury in Male Albino Wistar Rats Subjected to Chronic Restraint Stress. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2019; 8:231-236. [PMID: 30598910 PMCID: PMC6259305 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_379_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of exposure to enriched environment (EE) on passive avoidance learning and hippocampal cellular morphology in rats exposed to chronic restraint stress. Materials and Methods: Adult male albino Wistar rats were assigned into the following groups: normal control (NC) remained undisturbed in their home cages; stressed group (S) subjected to restrained stress (6 h/day) followed by housing in standard housing for 21 days; And stressed + EE (S + EE) subjected to restrained stress followed by housing in EE for 21 days. On 22nd day, six animals from each of the three groups were exposed to passive avoidance test. The remaining animals were sacrificed. Hippocampus was isolated and processed for cellular morphology using cresyl violet staining. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test (post hoc). Results: Stressed rats exposed to EE showed significant improvement in passive avoidance learning test compared to NC. Quantification of the surviving neurons in the hippocampal subfields and their cellular morphology revealed significant neuroprotection in S + EE in cornu ammonis-2 (CA2) neurons and CA3 hippocampal neurons. No significant changes were found in CA1 hippocampal subfield. Conclusions: The outcome of this study makes us to think the possibilities of adopting EE as an alternative strategy in brain diseases where there is chronic stress and to minimize the impairment in learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Suresh Kumar
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Health Professions, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sareesh Naduvil Narayanan
- Department of Physiology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, UAE
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
| | - Satheesha Nayak
- Department of Anatomy, Melaka Manipal Medical College Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Karnataka, India
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Basaranlar G, Derin N, Kencebay Manas C, Tanriover G, Aslan M. The effects of sulfite on cPLA2, caspase-3, oxidative stress and locomotor activity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 123:453-458. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Alhama J, Fuentes-Almagro CA, Abril N, Michán C. Alterations in oxidative responses and post-translational modification caused by p,p´-DDE in Mus spretus testes reveal Cys oxidation status in proteins related to cell-redox homeostasis and male fertility. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:656-669. [PMID: 29723838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The major derivate of DDT, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p´-DDE), is a persistent pollutant previously associated with oxidative stress. Additionally, p,p´-DDE has been linked to several metabolic alterations related to sexual function in rodents. In this study, we analysed the effects of a non-lethal p,p´-DDE dose to Mus spretus mice in testes, focusing on oxidative damage to biomolecules, defence mechanisms against oxidative stress and post-translational protein modifications. No increase in lipid or DNA oxidation was observed, although antioxidative enzymatic defences and redox status of glutathione were altered in several ways. Global protein carbonylation and phosphorylation were significantly reduced in testes from p,p´-DDE-exposed mice; however, the total redox state of Cys thiols did not exhibit a defined pattern. We analysed the reversible redox state of specific Cys residues in detail with differential isotopic labelling and a shotgun labelling-based MS/MS proteomic approach for identification and quantification of altered peptides. Our results show that Cys residues are significantly affected by p,p´-DDE in several proteins related to oxidative stress and/or male fertility, particularly those participating in fertilization, sperm capacitation and blood coagulation. These molecular changes could explain the sexual abnormalities previously described in p,p´-DDE exposed organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Alhama
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carlos A Fuentes-Almagro
- Servicio Central de Apoyo a la Investigación (SCAI), Unidad de Proteómica, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Ramón y Cajal, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Nieves Abril
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Michán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario CeiA3, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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Luiz Gomes A, Dimitrova Tchekalarova J, Atanasova M, da Conceição Machado K, de Sousa Rios MA, Paz MFCJ, Găman MA, Găman AM, Yele S, Shill MC, Khan IN, Islam MA, Ali ES, Mishra SK, Islam MT, Mubarak MS, da Silva Lopes L, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA. Anticonvulsant effect of anacardic acid in murine models: Putative role of GABAergic and antioxidant mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1686-1695. [PMID: 30170356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease affecting people of all ages worldwide. Side effects of antiepileptic drugs and their association with oxidative stress stimulate the search for new drugs, which would be more affordable with fewer adverse effects. Accordingly, the aim of the present work is to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of anacardic acid (AA), a natural compound extracted from cashew liquid (Anacardium occidentalis), in murine models, as well as its antioxidant actions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AA (>90% purity) was tested, in vivo, in male Swiss mice (25-30 g) with four convulsive models, (1) pentylenetetrazole, (2) pilocarpine, (3) electroshock, and (4) kainic acid, at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, body weight (B.W.) Additionally, the effective dose, toxic dose, and protective index studies were also performed. Results revealed that AA exhibits anticonvulsive effects in models 1, 3, and 4, with a mean effective dose (ED50) of 39.64 (model 1) >100 mg/kg, B.W. (model 2), and 38.36 (model 3); furthermore, AA displays a protection index of 1.49 (model 1), <0.6 (model 2, and 1.54 (model 3). In addition, AA showed antioxidant activities in S. cerevisiae mutated for superoxide dismutases (SOD). In conclusion, these results show that AA exhibits significant anticonvulsant and antioxidant activities and may be used as a promising natural product for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Luiz Gomes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Atanasova
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Medica de Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Keylla da Conceição Machado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Amelia Maria Găman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Center of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; Department of Haematology, Filantropia City Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Santosh Yele
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, India
| | - Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Pakistan
| | - Md Amirul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Life Sciences, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Eunüs S Ali
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals and Research Laboratory, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
| | - Siddhartha K Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, M.P, India
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Mohammad S Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Luciano da Silva Lopes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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Eick SM, Barrett ES, van’t Erve TJ, Nguyen RH, Bush NR, Milne G, Swan SH, Ferguson KK. Association between prenatal psychological stress and oxidative stress during pregnancy. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 2018; 32:318-326. [PMID: 29603338 PMCID: PMC6103836 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal psychological stress during pregnancy has been associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. A growing animal literature supports an association between psychological stress and oxidative stress. We assessed this relationship in pregnant women, hypothesising that psychological stress is associated with higher concentrations of oxidative stress biomarkers during pregnancy. METHODS Psychosocial status and stressful life events (SLE) were self-reported. 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α ) was measured as a biomarker of oxidative stress in urine samples at median 32 weeks' gestation. We examined SLEs individually (ever vs never) and in summary (any vs none) and psychosocial status as measured by individual subscales and in summary (poor vs good). Linear models estimated associations between these parameters and urinary 8-iso-PGF2α concentrations after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The geometric mean of 8-iso-PGF2α was significantly higher among pregnant women who were non-White, smokers, had less than a college education, higher pre-pregnancy BMI and were unmarried. Having ever had a death in the family (n = 39) during pregnancy was associated with a 22.9% increase in 8-iso-PGF2α in unadjusted models (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.50, 48.8). Poor psychosocial status was associated with a 13.1% (95% CI 2.43, 25.0) greater mean 8-iso-PGF2α in unadjusted analyses. Associations were attenuated, but remained suggestive, after covariate adjustment. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that 8-iso-PGF2α is elevated in pregnant women with who are at a sociodemographic disadvantage and who have higher psychological stress in pregnancy. Previous studies have observed that 8-iso-PGF2α levels are associated with adverse birth outcomes, oxidative stress could be a mediator in these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Eick
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Emily S. Barrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Thomas J. van’t Erve
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
| | - Ruby H.N. Nguyen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicole R. Bush
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ginger Milne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Shanna H. Swan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kelly K. Ferguson
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
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Gargouri B, Bhatia HS, Bouchard M, Fiebich BL, Fetoui H. Inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms potentiate bifenthrin-induced neurological alterations and anxiety-like behavior in adult rats. Toxicol Lett 2018; 294:73-86. [PMID: 29775722 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin (BF) is a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide widely used in several countries to manage insect pests on diverse agricultural crops. Growing evidence indicates that BF exposure is associated with an increased risk of developing neurodegenerative disorders. However, the mechanisms by which BF induces neurological and anxiety alterations in the frontal cortex and striatum are not well known. The present in vivo study was carried out to determine whether reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress (OS) and neuroinflammation are involved in such alterations. Thirty-six Wistar rats were thus randomly divided into three groups and were orally administered with BF (0.6 and 2.1 mg/kg body weight, respectively) or the vehicle (corn oil), on a daily basis for 60 days. Results revealed that BF exposure in rats enhanced anxiety-like behavior after 60 days of treatment, as assessed with the elevated plus-maze test by decreases in the percentage of time spent in open arms and frequency of entries into these arms. BF-treated rats also exhibited increased oxidation of lipids and carbonylated proteins in the frontal cortex and striatum, and decreased glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Treatment with BF also increased protein synthesis and mRNA expression of the inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), microsomal prostaglandin synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and nuclear factor-kappaBp65 (NF-kBp65), as well as the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ROS. Moreover, BF exposure significantly decreased protein synthesis and mRNA expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2 (Nrf2) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as well as gene expression of muscarinic-cholinergic receptors (mAchR) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the frontal cortex and striatum. These data suggest that BF induced neurological alterations in the frontal cortex and striatum of rats, and that this may be associated with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress via the activation of Nrf2/NF-kBp65 pathways, which might promote anxiety-like behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Gargouri
- Neurochemistry and Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Laboratory of Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health, UR11ES70, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Harsharan S Bhatia
- Neurochemistry and Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany.
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Bernd L Fiebich
- Neurochemistry and Neuroimmunology Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Hamadi Fetoui
- Laboratory of Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health, UR11ES70, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, BP1171, 3000, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Azizi M, Pasbakhsh P, Nadji SA, Pourabdollah M, Mokhtari T, Sadr M, Omidi N, Kashani IR, Zendehdel A. Therapeutic effect of perinatal exogenous melatonin on behavioral and histopathological changes and antioxidative enzymes in neonate mouse model of cortical malformation. Int J Dev Neurosci 2018; 68:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Azizi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Parichehr Pasbakhsh
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Seyed Alireza Nadji
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mihan Pourabdollah
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Research center of Nervous system stem cellsDepartment of AnatomySchool of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical SciencesSemnanIran
| | - Makan Sadr
- Virology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Negar Omidi
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Adib Zendehdel
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
- Giulan Neuroscience Research CenterDepartment of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of MedicineGuilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIran
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Hashimoto M, Hossain S, Katakura M, Mamun AA, Shido O. Docosahexaenoic Acid Helps to Lessen Extinction Memory in Rats. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020451. [PMID: 29463009 PMCID: PMC6017742 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Memory extinction is referred to as a learning process in which a conditioned response (CR) progressively reduces over time as an animal learns to uncouple a response from a stimulus. Extinction occurs when the rat is placed into a context without shock after training. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, n-3) is implicated in memory formation in mammalian brains. In a two-way active shuttle-avoidance apparatus, we examined whether DHA affects the extinction memory and the expression of brain cognition-related proteins, including gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor receptor (BDNFR) tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrKB), and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits NR2A and NR2B. Also, the protein levels of GRP, BDNF, postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), and the antioxidative potentials, in terms of lipid peroxide (LPO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), were examined in the hippocampus. During the acquisition phase, the rats received a conditioned stimulus (CS-tone) paired with an unconditioned stimulus (UCS foot shock) for three consecutive days (Sessions S1, S2, and S3, each consisting of 30-trials) after 12 weeks of oral administration of DHA. After a three-day interval, the rats were re-subjected to two extinction sessions (S4, S5), each comprising 30 trials of CS alone. During the acquisition training in S1, the shock-related avoidance frequency (acquisition memory) was significantly higher in the DHA-administered rats compared with the control rats. The avoidance frequency, however, decreased with successive acquisition trainings in sessions S2 and S3. When the rats were subjected to the extinction sessions after a break for consolidation, the conditioned response (CR) was also significantly higher in the DHA-administered rats. Interestingly, the freezing responses (frequency and time) also significantly decreased in the DHA-administered rats, thus suggesting that a higher coping capacity was present during fear stress in the DHA-administered rats. DHA treatments increased the mRNA levels of GRPR, BDNF receptor TrKB, and NMDAR subunit NR2B. DHA also increased the protein levels of GRP, BDNF, PSD-95, and VAChT, and the antioxidative potentials in the hippocampus. These results suggest the usefulness of DHA for treating stress disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michio Hashimoto
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Shahdat Hossain
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
| | - Masanori Katakura
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Osamu Shido
- Department of Environmental Physiology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
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Hira S, Saleem U, Anwar F, Ahmad B. Antioxidants Attenuate Isolation- and L-DOPA-Induced Aggression in Mice. Front Pharmacol 2018; 8:945. [PMID: 29379435 PMCID: PMC5775506 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggression is a major hallmark worldwide attributing negative traits in personality. Wide variety of antioxidants is used for the treatment of many ailments. The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid (15.42 and 30.84 mg/kg), beta carotene (1.02 and 2.05 mg/kg), vitamin E (2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg), and N-acetyl cysteine (102.85 and 205.70 mg/kg) in the treatment of aggression. Two aggression models (isolation induced aggression model and L-DOPA induced aggression model) were used in the study. Male albino mice (n = 330) were used in the study which were further subdivided into 11 groups (Group I-control, group II-diseased, group III-standard group, group IV–V treated with ascorbic, group VI–VII treated with beta carotene, group VIII–IX treated with vitamin E, group X–XI treated with N-acetyl cysteine for 14 consecutive days). Different biochemical markers (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) were determined to evaluate the antioxidant potential in oxidative stress. High dose of vitamin E (5.0 mg/kg) was more effective to reduce the aggression in isolated animals while all other antioxidants produced dose-dependent anti-aggressive effect except N-acetyl cysteine which had marked anti-aggressive effect at low dose (102.75 mg/kg). Low doses of vitamin E (2.5 mg/kg) and N-acetyl cysteine (102.75 mg/kg) and high dose of beta carotene (2.05 mg/kg) were effective to prevent all aggression parameters in acute anti-aggressive activity against L-DOPA induced aggression. However, all test antioxidants were equally effective in chronic anti-aggressive studies against L-DOPA induced aggression. It may be concluded that selected antioxidants can reverse the aggression which is a key symptom of many neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Hira
- Department of Pharmacy, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Saleem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fareeha Anwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Abstract
Evidences from psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) and systems biology studies support a conceptual framework of "Yin-Yang dynamics" for understanding the "whole mind-body system." The Yin-Yang dynamical balances in the stress response networks may be critical for health and diseases, especially mental health and psychiatric disorders. Specifically, the neuroimmune imbalances have been found as the important features and potential biomarkers of stress, anxiety, depression, and systemic inflammation. At the system levels, factors such as psychosocial stress and obesity, especially a leaky gut, may result in the imbalance between regulatory and proinflammatory T cells. At the molecular and cellular levels, the imbalances in multiple networks including the cytokine and redox pathways, immune-kynurenine networks, HPA axis, and synaptic plasticity in the hypothalamus are the key factors in depression. The recognition of the neuroimmune imbalances and the restoration of the Yin-Yang dynamical balances need to become a high priority toward the development of dynamical systems medicine for psychiatric diseases including depression and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yan
- PharmTao, Santa Clara, CA, USA.
- University of Maryland University College, Adelphi, MD, USA.
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43
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Barbosa MQ, Queiroga RDCRE, Bertozzo CCDMS, Araújo DFDS, Oliveira LIG, Silva JYP, Bomfim MAD, Guerra GCB, Costa S, Bessa R, Alves S, Barbosa Soares JK. Effect of diets with goat milk fat supplemented with exercise on anxiety and oxidative stress in the brains of adult rats. Food Funct 2018; 9:2891-2901. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01764b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Goat milk fat induced anxiolytic effect in sedentary animals; exercise promoted lipid peroxidation in the brain; exercise induced anxiety.
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Curcumin Reverses the Diazepam-Induced Cognitive Impairment by Modulation of Oxidative Stress and ERK 1/2/NF- κB Pathway in Brain. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:3037876. [PMID: 29098059 PMCID: PMC5643119 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3037876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation can be involved in cognitive dysfunction associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Diazepam (DZP) administration has been chosen to simulate the memory impairment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin (CUR) on spatial cognition, ambulatory activity, and blood and brain oxidative stress levels. The ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway and the histopathological changes in the hippocampus and frontal lobe, in diazepam-treated rats, were also analyzed. The animals were divided into 4 groups: control, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) + CUR, CMC + DZP, and CUR + CMC + DZP. CUR (150 mg/kg b.w.) was orally administered for 28 days. DZP (2 mg/kg b.w.) was intraperitoneally administered 20 minutes before the behavioral tests (open field test, Y-maze, and elevated plus maze). CUR improved the spontaneous alternation behavior, decreased the oxidative stress levels, both in the blood and in the hippocampus, and downregulated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK 1/2)/nuclear transcription factor- (NF-) κB/pNF-κB pathway in the hippocampus and the iNOS expression in the hippocampus and frontal lobe of the DZP-treated rats. Histopathologically, no microscopic changes were found. The immunohistochemical signal of iNOS decreased in the DZP and CUR-treated group. Thus, our findings suggest that curcumin administration may improve the cognitive performance and may also have an antioxidant effect.
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Foyet SH, Balmus IM, Hervé Hervé NA, Emmanuel AA, Guenne S, Kiendrebéogo M, Ciobica A. Ethnopharmacological approaches in mood and anxiety disorders. The relevance of the oxidative stress status. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 14:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2016-0059/jcim-2016-0059.xml. [PMID: 28284035 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2016-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases and psychiatric disorders are one of the most important pathologies that lead to increased morbidity in populations. Both mood and anxiety disorders include mental disorders not caused by detectable organic abnormalities of the brain. At the molecular level, affective spectrum symptomatology is due to neurotransmitter dysregulation including receptor or transporter impairments and also due to faulty intracellular signaling that generally leads to impaired neurotransmission. Also, recent studies have shown the relationship between oxidative stress and the development of affective disorders. Since classical medication can cause major side effects and alternative approaches tend to be more and more trusted, it seems that plant extracts-based complementary therapies may offer superior yielding and safety compared to traditional medication.
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Mehta V, Parashar A, Udayabanu M. Quercetin prevents chronic unpredictable stress induced behavioral dysfunction in mice by alleviating hippocampal oxidative and inflammatory stress. Physiol Behav 2017; 171:69-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Reddy AJ, Dubey AK, Handu S, Sachin M, Mediratta PK, Mushtaq QA. Effects of Musa sapientum stem extract on experimental models of anxiety. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2017; 7:495-501. [PMID: 29299432 PMCID: PMC5745533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Musa sapientum (banana) plant extract has shown antioxidant activity in previous studies. Oxidative stress is one of the important factors implicated in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. The present study aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of aqueous extract of M. sapientum stem (MSSE) in experimental models in mice. MATERIAL AND METHODS Elevated Plus Maze method and locomotor monitoring by photoactometer were used. Animals were divided into five different groups (n=6/group). The vehicle, standard and the experimental groups were given distilled water (10 ml/kg), diazepam (1 mg /kg intraperitoneally) and incremental doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg of MSSE, respectively, prior to the experiment. The standard group received diazepam. RESULTS The number of open arm entries and the duration of time spent in the open arms in the MSSE-treated groups increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner as compared to that of control group. The duration of time spent in closed arms in the MSSE-treated groups decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner as compared to that of the control group. MSSE also decreased the locomotor activity significantly at all three test doses. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest an anxiolytic activity for MSSE, which make it a potential natural compound for treatment of anxiety disorders.
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Sharma S, Handu S, Dubey AK, Sharma P, Mediratta P, Ahmed QM. Anti-anxiety and Anti-depressant Like Effects of Murraya koenigii in Experimental Models of Anxiety and Depression. Anc Sci Life 2017; 36:215-219. [PMID: 29269974 PMCID: PMC5726189 DOI: 10.4103/asl.asl_75_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Presence of free radical scavenging activity in Murrayakoenigii, commonly known as Curry leaves, has been shown in previous studies. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of various neurobehavioral disorders including anxiety and depression. Aim The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Murraya koenigii in animal models of depression and anxiety. Materials and Methods The effect of incremental doses of Murraya koenigii aqueous leaf extract was evaluated on spontaneous motor activity (SMA), open arm incursions in elevated plus maze, and despair behaviour in forced swim (FST) and tail suspension (TST) tests as compared to control groups in Swiss albino mice. Results Murraya koenigii 300 mg/kg, p.o. (MK300) and 400 mg/kg, p.o. (MK400) reduced the SMA count from 754 ± 64.9 to 540 ± 29 and 295 ± 34 respectively, which was statistically significant. MK300 and MK400 reduced significantly the open arm count from 29 ± 8.6 to 16 ± 7 and 10 ± 3.9, respectively. On FST, MK400 reduced the duration of immobility from 145.5 ± 29 to 91 ± 17.3, which was statistically significant. On TST, MK produced a dose-dependent decrease in the duration of immobility; however, it was statistically significant only with MK400. Conclusion Murraya koenigii aqueous leaf extract reduced the despair behavior in experimental animal models, suggesting an anti-depressant like activity. Murraya koenigii extract also reduced spontaneous locomotor activity in a dose-dependent manner suggesting a sedative and/or anxiolytic effect though there wasn't any anxiolytic effect in the elevated plus maze test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailendra Handu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prashant Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pramod Mediratta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Qazi Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kouti L, Sayyah M, Mosallanezhad P, Kooti S, Aghakoochakzadeh M, Eslami K. Changes of Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite Serum Levels during Drug Therapy in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Adv Med 2016; 2016:9131680. [PMID: 27822492 PMCID: PMC5086350 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9131680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives. Some studies have shown that increased nitric oxide (NO) concentrations may be associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In a few animal researches, enhanced synthesis of NO had reversed the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The present study tries to find the effect of treatment with SSRIs on NO serum levels and its product peroxynitrite. Patients and Methods. Patients diagnosed with OCD who are candidates of receiving SSRIs entered this study. Two blood samples were taken from subjects, prior to drug therapy and after the patients had shown some improvements due to their regimen. Serum NO and peroxynitrite levels were measured and their correlation with SSRI use was assessed. Results. 31 patients completed this study. Mean concentrations of NO and peroxynitrite prior to drug therapy were 28.63 ± 16.9 and 5.73 ± 2.5 μmol/L, respectively. These values were 18.87 ± 7.55 and 2.15 ± 0.94 μmol/L at the second blood test. With p values < 0.05, these differences were considered significant. Conclusion. Patients, who showed improvement of OCD symptoms after a mean duration of SSRI monotherapy of 3.531 ± 0.64 months, had lower values of NO and peroxynitrite in their sera compared to their levels prior to therapy. Such results can be helpful in finding a predictive factor of response to therapy and augmentation therapy with future drugs that target NO synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Kouti
- School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sayyah
- Education Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Parisa Mosallanezhad
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sara Kooti
- School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kaveh Eslami
- School of Pharmacy, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Kori RS, Aladakatti RH, Desai SD, Das KK. Effect of Drug Alprazolam on Restrained Stress Induced Alteration of Serum Cortisol and Antioxidant Vitamins (Vitamin C and E) in Male Albino Rats. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:AF07-9. [PMID: 27656428 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/21355.8380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stress can cause harmful effects in the body that induce a wide range of biochemical and behavioural changes. As anti-stress drugs are routinely used to combat stress hence study is needed to assess the contraindication of these drugs in the physiological systems. AIM To investigate the effect of alprazolam on restrained stress induced alteration of serum cortisol, and antioxidant vitamin levels in male albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male albino rats (body weight 175-225g) were divided into four groups of six animals in each. Group I (control), kept undisturbed in the metabolic cage throughout the 42 days experimental period. Group II (stress) rats were kept in a wire mesh restrainer for 6 hr/day for 42 days. Group III (stress+ withdrawal) rats were stressed for 21 days and withdrawal of stress for remaining 21 days (total 42 days). Group IV (stress + alprazolam) rats were only stressed for 21 days and treated with drug alprazolam (5mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneal) in continuation with stress for remaining 21 days (total period is 42 days). At the end of 42 days all the rats were sacrificed and serum cortisol, vitamin C and E levels were estimated. RESULTS Group II (stressed) showed a significant increase in serum cortisol level with concomitant decrease of serum vitamin C and E levels. Group III (withdrawal) and Group IV (+alprazolam) rats showed significant reduction of serum cortisol along with subsequent increase of serum vitamin C and E concentrations. CONCLUSION Results indicate a possible antioxidant effect of alprazolam on restrained stress induced alteration of serum cortisol and antioxidant vitamin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Sharanappa Kori
- PhD Scholar, Department of Anatomy, BLDE University's shri B.M.Patil Medical College , Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
| | | | - S D Desai
- Professor, Department of Anatomy, Shri Sridevi Institute of Medical Science , Tumkur, Karnataka, India
| | - Kusal Kanti Das
- Professor, Department of Physiology, Shri B.M. Patil Medical College , Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
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