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Karampelias C, Băloiu B, Rathkolb B, da Silva-Buttkus P, Bachar-Wikström E, Marschall S, Fuchs H, Gailus-Durner V, Chu L, Hrabě de Angelis M, Andersson O. Examining the liver-pancreas crosstalk reveals a role for the molybdenum cofactor in β-cell regeneration. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402771. [PMID: 39159974 PMCID: PMC11333758 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of insulin-producing β-cells is an alternative avenue to manage diabetes, and it is crucial to unravel this process in vivo during physiological responses to the lack of β-cells. Here, we aimed to characterize how hepatocytes can contribute to β-cell regeneration, either directly or indirectly via secreted proteins or metabolites, in a zebrafish model of β-cell loss. Using lineage tracing, we show that hepatocytes do not directly convert into β-cells even under extreme β-cell ablation conditions. A transcriptomic analysis of isolated hepatocytes after β-cell ablation displayed altered lipid- and glucose-related processes. Based on the transcriptomics, we performed a genetic screen that uncovers a potential role of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthetic pathway in β-cell regeneration and glucose metabolism in zebrafish. Consistently, molybdenum cofactor synthesis 2 (Mocs2) haploinsufficiency in mice indicated dysregulated glucose metabolism and liver function. Together, our study sheds light on the liver-pancreas crosstalk and suggests that the molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis pathway should be further studied in relation to glucose metabolism and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Karampelias
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bianca Băloiu
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Patricia da Silva-Buttkus
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Etty Bachar-Wikström
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susan Marschall
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lianhe Chu
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- https://ror.org/00cfam450 Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Olov Andersson
- https://ror.org/056d84691 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Mi J, Ren L, Andersson O. Leveraging zebrafish to investigate pancreatic development, regeneration, and diabetes. Trends Mol Med 2024:S1471-4914(24)00124-2. [PMID: 38825440 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The zebrafish has become an outstanding model for studying organ development and tissue regeneration, which is prominently leveraged for studies of pancreatic development, insulin-producing β-cells, and diabetes. Although studied for more than two decades, many aspects remain elusive and it has only recently been possible to investigate these due to technical advances in transcriptomics, chemical-genetics, genome editing, drug screening, and in vivo imaging. Here, we review recent findings on zebrafish pancreas development, β-cell regeneration, and how zebrafish can be used to provide novel insights into gene functions, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic targets in diabetes, inspiring further use of zebrafish for the development of novel therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Mi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
| | - Lipeng Ren
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Carroll DT, Elsakr JM, Miller A, Fuhr J, Lindsley SR, Kirigiti M, Takahashi DL, Dean TA, Wesolowski SR, McCurdy CE, Friedman JE, Aagaard KM, Kievit P, Gannon M. Maternal Western-style diet in nonhuman primates leads to offspring islet adaptations including altered gene expression and insulin hypersecretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E577-E588. [PMID: 37134140 PMCID: PMC10259856 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00087.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition is associated with increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the offspring. Rodent models have shown that maternal overnutrition influences islet function in offspring. To determine whether maternal Western-style diet (WSD) alters prejuvenile islet function in a model that approximates that of human offspring, we utilized a well-characterized Japanese macaque model. We compared islet function from offspring exposed to WSD throughout pregnancy and lactation and weaned to WSD (WSD/WSD) compared with islets from offspring exposed only to postweaning WSD (CD/WSD) at 1 yr of age. WSD/WSD offspring islets showed increased basal insulin secretion and an exaggerated increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, as assessed by dynamic ex vivo perifusion assays, relative to CD/WSD-exposed offspring. We probed potential mechanisms underlying insulin hypersecretion using transmission electron microscopy to evaluate β-cell ultrastructure, qRT-PCR to quantify candidate gene expression, and Seahorse assay to assess mitochondrial function. Insulin granule density, mitochondrial density, and mitochondrial DNA ratio were similar between groups. However, islets from WSD/WSD male and female offspring had increased expression of transcripts known to facilitate stimulus-secretion coupling and changes in the expression of cell stress genes. Seahorse assay revealed increased spare respiratory capacity in islets from WSD/WSD male offspring. Overall, these results show that maternal WSD feeding confers changes to genes governing insulin secretory coupling and results in insulin hypersecretion as early as the postweaning period. The results suggest a maternal diet leads to early adaptation and developmental programming in offspring islet genes that may underlie future β-cell dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Programed adaptations in islets in response to maternal WSD exposure may alter β-cell response to metabolic stress in offspring. We show that islets from maternal WSD-exposed offspring hypersecrete insulin, possibly due to increased components of stimulus-secretion coupling. These findings suggest that islet hyperfunction is programed by maternal diet, and changes can be detected as early as the postweaning period in nonhuman primate offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian T Carroll
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Joseph M Elsakr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Allie Miller
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jennifer Fuhr
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sarah Rene Lindsley
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Melissa Kirigiti
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Diana L Takahashi
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Tyler A Dean
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Stephanie R Wesolowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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4
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Mattis KK, Krentz NAJ, Metzendorf C, Abaitua F, Spigelman AF, Sun H, Ikle JM, Thaman S, Rottner AK, Bautista A, Mazzaferro E, Perez-Alcantara M, Manning Fox JE, Torres JM, Wesolowska-Andersen A, Yu GZ, Mahajan A, Larsson A, MacDonald PE, Davies B, den Hoed M, Gloyn AL. Loss of RREB1 in pancreatic beta cells reduces cellular insulin content and affects endocrine cell gene expression. Diabetologia 2023; 66:674-694. [PMID: 36633628 PMCID: PMC9947029 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05856-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Genome-wide studies have uncovered multiple independent signals at the RREB1 locus associated with altered type 2 diabetes risk and related glycaemic traits. However, little is known about the function of the zinc finger transcription factor Ras-responsive element binding protein 1 (RREB1) in glucose homeostasis or how changes in its expression and/or function influence diabetes risk. METHODS A zebrafish model lacking rreb1a and rreb1b was used to study the effect of RREB1 loss in vivo. Using transcriptomic and cellular phenotyping of a human beta cell model (EndoC-βH1) and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived beta-like cells, we investigated how loss of RREB1 expression and activity affects pancreatic endocrine cell development and function. Ex vivo measurements of human islet function were performed in donor islets from carriers of RREB1 type 2 diabetes risk alleles. RESULTS CRISPR/Cas9-mediated loss of rreb1a and rreb1b function in zebrafish supports an in vivo role for the transcription factor in beta cell mass, beta cell insulin expression and glucose levels. Loss of RREB1 also reduced insulin gene expression and cellular insulin content in EndoC-βH1 cells and impaired insulin secretion under prolonged stimulation. Transcriptomic analysis of RREB1 knockdown and knockout EndoC-βH1 cells supports RREB1 as a novel regulator of genes involved in insulin secretion. In vitro differentiation of RREB1KO/KO hiPSCs revealed dysregulation of pro-endocrine cell genes, including RFX family members, suggesting that RREB1 also regulates genes involved in endocrine cell development. Human donor islets from carriers of type 2 diabetes risk alleles in RREB1 have altered glucose-stimulated insulin secretion ex vivo, consistent with a role for RREB1 in regulating islet cell function. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Together, our results indicate that RREB1 regulates beta cell function by transcriptionally regulating the expression of genes involved in beta cell development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia K Mattis
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole A J Krentz
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Metzendorf
- Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fernando Abaitua
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aliya F Spigelman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Han Sun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Ikle
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Swaraj Thaman
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Antje K Rottner
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Austin Bautista
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Eugenia Mazzaferro
- Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jocelyn E Manning Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jason M Torres
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Grace Z Yu
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anders Larsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna L Gloyn
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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5
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Yang B, Zhang Y, Yang L, Chen W. Optimized protocol for live imaging of overnutrition-elicited interactions between immune cells and β cells in zebrafish. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:102039. [PMID: 36853669 PMCID: PMC9860484 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.102039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we provide an optimized protocol to observe the interactions between infiltrating immune cells and islet β cells using live imaging. This protocol is useful for the characterization of cell-cell interactions and for the direct visualization of immune cell migration to the principal pancreatic islet during islet inflammation. We describe the preparation of zebrafish transgenic lines and detail steps for setting up the fish for live confocal imaging. For more details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Yang et al. (2022).1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, No. 301 Middle Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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6
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Balamurugan K, Medishetti R, Rao P, K RV, Chatti K, Parsa KV. Protocol to evaluate hyperlipidemia in zebrafish larvae. STAR Protoc 2022; 3:101819. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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7
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Chen Y, Jia J, Zhao Q, Zhang Y, Huang B, Wang L, Tian J, Huang C, Li M, Li X. Novel Loss-of-Function Variant in HNF1a Induces β-Cell Dysfunction through Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113022. [PMID: 36361808 PMCID: PMC9656704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous variants in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1a (HNF1a) cause MODY3 (maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 3). In this study, we found a case of novel HNF1a p.Gln125* (HNF1a-Q125ter) variant clinically. However, the molecular mechanism linking the new HNF1a variant to impaired islet β-cell function remains unclear. Firstly, a similar HNF1a-Q125ter variant in zebrafish (hnf1a+/−) was generated by CRISPR/Cas9. We further crossed hnf1a+/− with several zebrafish reporter lines to investigate pancreatic β-cell function. Next, we introduced HNF1a-Q125ter and HNF1a shRNA plasmids into the Ins-1 cell line and elucidated the molecular mechanism. hnf1a+/− zebrafish significantly decreased the β-cell number, insulin expression, and secretion. Moreover, β cells in hnf1a+/− dilated ER lumen and increased the levels of ER stress markers. Similar ER-stress phenomena were observed in an HNF1a-Q125ter-transfected Ins-1 cell. Follow-up investigations demonstrated that HNF1a-Q125ter induced ER stress through activating the PERK/eIF2a/ATF4 signaling pathway. Our study found a novel loss-of-function HNF1a-Q125ter variant which induced β-cell dysfunction by activating ER stress via the PERK/eIF2a/ATF4 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianxin Jia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuxian Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Bingkun Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Likun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Juanjuan Tian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Caoxin Huang
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (X.L.)
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Diabetes Translational Medicine, Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Xiamen 361003, China
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (X.L.)
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8
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Macrophages and neutrophils are necessary for ER stress-induced β cell loss. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111255. [PMID: 36001973 PMCID: PMC9444341 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces islet inflammation and β cell loss. How islet inflammation contributes to β cell loss remains uncertain. We have reported previously that chronic overnutrition-induced ER stress in β cells causes Ripk3-mediated islet inflammation, macrophage recruitment, and a reduction of β cell numbers in a zebrafish model. We show here that β cell loss results from the intricate communications among β cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Macrophage-derived Tnfa induces cxcl8a in β cells. Cxcl8a, in turn, attracts neutrophils to macrophage-contacted “hotspots” where β cell loss occurs. We also show potentiation of chemokine expression in stressed mammalian β cells by macrophage-derived TNFA. In Akita and db/db mice, there is an increase in CXCL15-positive β cells and intra-islet neutrophils. Blocking neutrophil recruitment in Akita mice preserves β cell mass and slows diabetes progression. These results reveal an important role of neutrophils in persistent ER stress-induced β cell loss. Yang et al. show a pivotal role of communications among β cells, macrophages, and neutrophils in chronic overnutrition-induced loss of pancreatic β cells in a diabetes-prone zebrafish model.
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9
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Xu Y, Tian J, Kang Q, Yuan H, Liu C, Li Z, Liu J, Li M. Knockout of Nur77 Leads to Amino Acid, Lipid, and Glucose Metabolism Disorders in Zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:864631. [PMID: 35547009 PMCID: PMC9084189 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.864631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 has been reported to be implicated in a diverse range of metabolic processes, including carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism. However, the detailed mechanism of Nur77 in the regulation of metabolic pathway still needs to be further investigated. In this study, we created a global nur77 knockout zebrafish model by CRISPR/Cas9 technique, and then performed whole-organism RNA sequencing analysis in wildtype and nur77-deficient zebrafish to dissect the genetic changes in metabolic-related pathways. We found that many genes involved in amino acid, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism changed by more than twofold. Furthermore, we revealed that nur77-/- mutant displayed increased total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG), alteration in total amino acids, as well as elevated glucose. We also demonstrated that the elevated glucose was not due to the change of glucose uptake but was likely caused by the disorder of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the impaired β-cell function, including downregulated insb expression, reduced β-cell mass, and suppressed insulin secretion. Importantly, we also verified that targeted expression of Nur77 in the β cells is sufficient to rescue the β-cell defects in global nur77-/- larvae zebrafish. These results provide new information about the global metabolic network that Nur77 signaling regulates, as well as the role of Nur77 in β-cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Juanjuan Tian
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi Kang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chengdong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhehui Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Mingyu Li, ; Jie Liu,
| | - Mingyu Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- *Correspondence: Mingyu Li, ; Jie Liu,
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10
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Annunziato KM, Marin M, Liang W, Conlin SM, Qi W, Doherty J, Lee J, Clark JM, Park Y, Timme-Laragy AR. The Nrf2a pathway impacts zebrafish offspring development with maternal preconception exposure to perfluorobutanesulfonic acid. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132121. [PMID: 34509758 PMCID: PMC8765597 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Since the voluntary phaseout of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), smaller congeners, such as perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) have served as industrial replacements and been detected in contaminated aquifers. This study sought to examine the effects of a maternal preconception PFBS exposure on the development of eggs and healthy offspring. Adult female zebrafish received a one-week waterborne exposure of 0.08, 0.14, and 0.25 mg/L PFBS. After which, females were bred with non-exposed males and embryos collected over 5 successful breeding events. PFBS concentrations were detected in levels ranging from 99 to 253 pg/embryo in the first collection but were below the limit of quantitation by fourth and fifth clutches. Therefore, data were subsequently binned into early collection embryos in which PFBS was detected and late collections, in which PFBS was below quantitation. In the early collection, embryo 24 h survival was significantly reduced. In the late collection, embryo development was impacted with unique patterns emerging between Nrf2a wildtype and mutant larvae. Additionally, the impact of nutrient loading into the embryos was assessed through measurement of fatty acid profiles, total cholesterol, and triglyceride content. There were no clear dose-dependent effects, but again unique patterns were observed between the genotypes. Preconception PFBS exposures were found to alter egg and embryo development, which is mediated by direct toxicant loading in the eggs, nutrient loading into eggs, and the function of Nrf2a. These findings provide insight into the reproductive and developmental effects of PFBS and identify maternal preconception as a novel critical window of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate M Annunziato
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Marjorie Marin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA; Biotechnology Training Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Wenle Liang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sarah M Conlin
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Weipeng Qi
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jeffery Doherty
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jonghwa Lee
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Alicia R Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.
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11
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Jia J, Kang Q, Liu S, Song Y, Wong FS, Qiu Y, Li M. Artemether and aspterric acid induce pancreatic α cells to transdifferentiate into β cells in zebrafish. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1962-1977. [PMID: 34871457 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recently, the anti-malarial drug, artemether, and the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were identified to convert α cells into β-like cells in vivo. However, some of these observations were challenged by other studies. To help address the controversy, we took advantage of zebrafish as a model to perform this study. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Firstly, we performed a small molecule screening for artemether and its skeleton analogs. Secondly, we used the Cre-LoxP system for lineage tracing to indicate the conversion of α cells into β cells in vivo. The stable transgenic ins2:eGFP αTC1-6 cell line were used for evaluation of α cell transdifferentiation in vitro. We further used multiple zebrafish transgenic and mutation lines to demonstrate β-cell differentiation, β-cell ablation and α-cell hyperplasia in this study. KEY RESULTS We showed that artemether and another sesquiterpene, aspterric acid, induced α cell transdifferentiation into β cells, both in zebrafish as well as using αTC1-6 cells. Furthermore, these two compounds also converted α cells into β cells when β cells were lost or α cells were hyperplastic in zebrafish. Unlike the previous report, the conversion of α cells to β cells was mediated by increasing Pax4 expression, but not suppression of Arx expression. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our data suggest that in zebrafish and αTC1-6 cells, both artemether and aspterric acid induce α cell transdifferentiation. Our data, along with those of Li et al. (2017), suggested that artemether and aspterric acid were able to induce α cell transdifferentiation, at least in zebrafish and αTC1-6 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Jia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qi Kang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shunzhi Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yabin Song
- Department of Neurology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - F Susan Wong
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Yingkun Qiu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Xiamen University
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12
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Hostelley TL, Nesmith JE, Larkin E, Jones A, Boyes D, Leitch CC, Fontaine M, Zaghloul NA. Exocrine pancreas proteases regulate β-cell proliferation in zebrafish ciliopathy models and in murine systems. Biol Open 2021; 10:269024. [PMID: 34125181 PMCID: PMC8249909 DOI: 10.1242/bio.046839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are a critical cell type in the pathology of diabetes. Models of genetic syndromes featuring diabetes can provide novel mechanistic insights into regulation of β-cells in the context of disease. We previously examined β-cell mass in models of two ciliopathies, Alström Syndrome (AS) and Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS), which are similar in the presence of metabolic phenotypes, including obesity, but exhibit strikingly different rates of diabetes. Zebrafish models of these disorders show deficient β-cells with diabetes in AS models and an increased β-cells absent diabetes in BBS models, indicating β-cell generation or maintenance that correlates with disease prevalence. Using transcriptome analyses, differential expression of several exocrine pancreas proteases with directionality that was consistent with β-cell numbers were identified. Based on these lines of evidence, we hypothesized that pancreatic proteases directly impact β-cells. In the present study, we examined this possibility and found that pancreatic protease genes contribute to proper maintenance of normal β-cell numbers, proliferation in larval zebrafish, and regulation of AS and BBS β-cell phenotypes. Our data suggest that these proteins can be taken up directly by cultured β-cells and ex vivo murine islets, inducing proliferation in both. Endogenous uptake of pancreatic proteases by β-cells was confirmed in vivo using transgenic zebrafish and in intact murine pancreata. Taken together, these findings support a novel proliferative signaling role for exocrine pancreas proteases through interaction with endocrine β-cells. Summary: In this paper, we examine the role of exocrine pancreas protease genes in β-cell number using zebrafish and murine models, and identify a novel relationship between the two.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy L Hostelley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jessica E Nesmith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Emily Larkin
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Amanda Jones
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Daniel Boyes
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Carmen C Leitch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Magali Fontaine
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Norann A Zaghloul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.,Program in Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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13
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Yang B, Maddison LA, Zaborska KE, Dai C, Yin L, Tang Z, Zang L, Jacobson DA, Powers AC, Chen W. RIPK3-mediated inflammation is a conserved β cell response to ER stress. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eabd7272. [PMID: 33355143 PMCID: PMC11206196 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd7272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Islet inflammation is an important etiopathology of type 2 diabetes; however, the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. Using complementary experimental models, we discovered RIPK3-dependent IL1B induction in β cells as an instigator of islet inflammation. In cultured β cells, ER stress activated RIPK3, leading to NF-kB-mediated proinflammatory gene expression. In a zebrafish muscle insulin resistance model, overnutrition caused islet inflammation, β cell dysfunction, and loss in an ER stress-, ripk3-, and il1b-dependent manner. In mouse islets, high-fat diet triggered the IL1B expression in β cells before macrophage recruitment in vivo, and RIPK3 inhibition suppressed palmitate-induced β cell dysfunction and Il1b expression in vitro. Furthermore, in human islets grafted in hyperglycemic mice, a marked increase in ER stress, RIPK3, and NF-kB activation in β cells were accompanied with murine macrophage infiltration. Thus, RIPK3-mediated induction of proinflammatory mediators is a conserved, previously unrecognized β cell response to metabolic stress and a mediator of the ensuing islet inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lisette A Maddison
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Karolina E Zaborska
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chunhua Dai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Linlin Yin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zihan Tang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Liqing Zang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - David A Jacobson
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare, 1310 24th Ave. S, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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14
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Yang B, Covington BA, Chen W. In vivo generation and regeneration of β cells in zebrafish. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 9:9. [PMID: 32613468 PMCID: PMC7329966 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathological feature of diabetes, hyperglycemia, is a result of an inadequate number and/or function of insulin producing β cells. Replenishing functional β cells is a strategy to cure the disease. Although β-cell regeneration occurs in animal models under certain conditions, human β cells are refractory to proliferation. A better understanding of both the positive and the negative regulatory mechanisms of β-cell regeneration in animal models is essential to develop novel strategies capable of inducing functional β cells in patients. Zebrafish are an attractive model system for studying β-cell regeneration due to the ease to which genetic and chemical-genetic approaches can be used as well as their high regenerative capacity. Here, we highlight the current state of β-cell regeneration studies in zebrafish with an emphasis on cell signaling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Yang
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Brittney A Covington
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology & Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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15
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Chawla P, Delgadillo Silva LF, Ninov N. Insights on β-cell regeneration from the zebrafish shoal: from generation of cells to functional integration. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Williams MB, Watts SA. Current basis and future directions of zebrafish nutrigenomics. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:34. [PMID: 31890052 PMCID: PMC6935144 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review investigates the current state of nutrigenomics in the zebrafish animal models. The zebrafish animal model has been used extensively in the study of disease onset and progression and associated molecular changes. In this review, we provide a synopsis of nutrigenomics using the zebrafish animal model. Obesity and dyslipidemia studies describe the genomics of dietary-induced obesity in relation to high-fat/high-calorie diets. Inflammation and cardiovascular studies describe dietary effects on the expression of acute inflammatory markers and resulting chronic inflammatory issues including atherosclerosis. We also evaluated the genomic response to bioactive dietary compounds associated with metabolic disorders. Carbohydrate metabolism and β-cell function studies describe the impacts of high-carbohydrate dietary challenges on nutritional programming. We also report tumorigenesis in relation to dietary carcinogen exposure studies that can result in permanent genomic changes. Vitamin and mineral deficiency studies demonstrate transgenerational genomic impacts of micronutrients in the diet and temporal expression changes. Circadian rhythm studies describe the relation between metabolism and natural temporal cycles of gene expression that impacts health. Bone formation studies describe the role of dietary composition that influences bone reabsorption regulation. Finally, this review provides future directions in the use of the zebrafish model for nutrigenomic and nutrigenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
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17
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Ye L, Mueller O, Bagwell J, Bagnat M, Liddle RA, Rawls JF. High fat diet induces microbiota-dependent silencing of enteroendocrine cells. eLife 2019; 8:48479. [PMID: 31793875 PMCID: PMC6937151 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are specialized sensory cells in the intestinal epithelium that sense and transduce nutrient information. Consumption of dietary fat contributes to metabolic disorders, but EEC adaptations to high fat feeding were unknown. Here, we established a new experimental system to directly investigate EEC activity in vivo using a zebrafish reporter of EEC calcium signaling. Our results reveal that high fat feeding alters EEC morphology and converts them into a nutrient insensitive state that is coupled to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We called this novel adaptation 'EEC silencing'. Gnotobiotic studies revealed that germ-free zebrafish are resistant to high fat diet induced EEC silencing. High fat feeding altered gut microbiota composition including enrichment of Acinetobacter bacteria, and we identified an Acinetobacter strain sufficient to induce EEC silencing. These results establish a new mechanism by which dietary fat and gut microbiota modulate EEC nutrient sensing and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ye
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Olaf Mueller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Jennifer Bagwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Rodger A Liddle
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
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18
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Li J, Chen T, Rao Y, Chen S, Wang B, Chen R, Ren C, Liu L, Yang Y, Yu H, Tang D, Yan A. Suppression of leptin-AI/AII transcripts by insulin in goldfish liver: A fish specific response of leptin under food deprivation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 283:113240. [PMID: 31394085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is primarily considered a peripheral satiety hormone and is also found to perform important roles in energy homeostasis in vertebrates ranging from fish to mammals. The liver is a major source of leptin production in teleost fish. Using goldfish as a model, a previous report by our group illustrated the positive regulation of leptin mRNA levels by treatment with the hyperglycemic hormone glucagon, and our present study provided evidence for the negative regulation of hepatic leptin-AI and leptin-AII transcripts through the administration of the hypoglycemic hormone insulin. This study is the first to demonstrate changes in the hepatopancreatic insulin, glucagon, leptin-AI and leptin-AII mRNA levels in goldfish during fasting and refeeding. Insulin was found to be effective in suppressing leptin-AI and leptin-AII transcript levels in goldfish liver via both in vivo intraperitoneal injection and in vitro cell incubation approaches. Only the insulin receptor, not the IGF-I receptor, was involved in insulin-inhibited leptin mRNA level. The suppression of leptin levels by insulin was caused by the activation of MKK3/6/p38MAPK and MEK1/2/Erk1/2 cascades. Insulin treatment could eliminate the stimulation of glucagon on leptin mRNA level. Our study describes the regulation and signal transduction mechanism of insulin on leptin mRNA levels in the goldfish liver, suggesting that the leptin function in fish is speculated to be not only an anorexigenic factor but also a metabolic mediator. This also supports the hypothesis that the poikilothermal fish use a passive survival strategy during the periods of food deprivation, which is mediated by the fish-specifically high leptin levels induced by the cooperation of insulin and glucagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Li
- School of Life Science and Engineering, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingzhu Rao
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- The Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI), Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Institute of Applied Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Technology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Chunhua Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology (LAMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lian Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Dongsheng Tang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Aifen Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
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19
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Lodh S. Primary Cilium, An Unsung Hero in Maintaining Functional β-cell Population. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:471-480. [PMID: 31543709 PMCID: PMC6747938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
A primary challenge in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the preservation of a functional population of β-cells, which play a central role in regulating blood glucose levels. Two congenital disorders, Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) and Alström syndrome (ALMS), can serve as useful models to understand how β-cells are normally produced and regenerated. Both are characterized by obesity, loss of β-cells, and defects in primary cilia - the sensory center of cells. Primary cilia are cellular protrusions present in almost every vertebrate cell. This antenna-like organelle plays a crucial role in regulating several signaling pathways that direct proper development, proliferation, and homeostasis. Mutations in genes expressing ciliary proteins or proteins present at or near the base of the cilium lead to disorders, collectively called ciliopathies. BBS and Alström syndrome are such disorders. Though both BBS and Alström patients are obese, their childhood diabetes rates are vastly different, suggesting distinct pathogenesis underlying these two ciliopathies. Clinical studies suggest that BBS patients are protected against early onset diabetes by sustained or enhanced β-cell function. In contrast, Alström patients are more prone to develop diabetes. They have hyperinsulinemia, yet their β-cells fail to sense glucose and to regulate insulin secretion accordingly. These data suggest a potential role for primary cilia in maintaining a functional β-cell population and that defects in cilia or in ciliary proteins impair development and function of β-cells. Identifying the respective roles of primary cilia and ciliary proteins, such as BBS and ALMS1 may shed light on β-cell biology and uncover potentially novel targets for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Lodh
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Sukanya Lodh, Department of Biological sciences, Marquette University, 1428 W. Clybourn St., Milwaukee, WI 53233; Tel: 802-881-6221, Email address:
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20
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ZRANB3 is an African-specific type 2 diabetes locus associated with beta-cell mass and insulin response. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3195. [PMID: 31324766 PMCID: PMC6642147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome analysis of diverse human populations has contributed to the identification of novel genomic loci for diseases of major clinical and public health impact. Here, we report a genome-wide analysis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in sub-Saharan Africans, an understudied ancestral group. We analyze ~18 million autosomal SNPs in 5,231 individuals from Nigeria, Ghana and Kenya. We identify a previously-unreported genome-wide significant locus: ZRANB3 (Zinc Finger RANBP2-Type Containing 3, lead SNP p = 2.831 × 10−9). Knockdown or genomic knockout of the zebrafish ortholog results in reduction in pancreatic β-cell number which we demonstrate to be due to increased apoptosis in islets. siRNA transfection of murine Zranb3 in MIN6 β-cells results in impaired insulin secretion in response to high glucose, implicating Zranb3 in β-cell functional response to high glucose conditions. We also show transferability in our study of 32 established T2D loci. Our findings advance understanding of the genetics of T2D in non-European ancestry populations. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is prevalent in populations worldwide, however, mostly studied in European and mixed-ancestry populations. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study for T2D in over 5,000 sub-Saharan Africans and identify a locus, ZRANB3, that is specific for this population.
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21
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Xu S, Wang G, Peng W, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Ge Y, Jing Y, Gong Z. Corosolic acid isolated from Eriobotrya japonica leaves reduces glucose level in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, zebrafish and rats. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4388. [PMID: 30867526 PMCID: PMC6416347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) with high morbidity and mortality is characterized by abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism due in part to insulin resistance in liver, which lead to elevated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. This study sough to explore the effects of corosolic acid (CA) in different T2D models and explored the underlying mechanism. Separated from Eriobotrya japonica leaves, CA purity was above 95% measured by a HPLC method. Compared with cAMP and DEX induced T2D HepG2 model, CA significantly stimulated glucose consumption and improved glycogen accumulation by inhibiting PEPCK mRNA expression. And in cAMP and DEX induced T2D zebrafish model, CA reduced glycogen degradation and increased glucose consumption by regulating some key enzymes in carbon metabolism including GLUT1, GLUT2, GLUT3, LDHA, LDHB, GP, G6Pase, GYS1, and PFKFB3. In addition, insulin receptor signals were also involved in CA-regulated hypoglycemic action. Furthermore, in STZ-induced T2D rat model, compared with diabetic control groups, CA remarkably downregulated the levels of serum lipid, blood glucose, ICAM-1, malonaldehyde and insulin resistance index, while upregulated SOD activity and impaired glucose tolerance. In a conclusion, CA can regulate glucose and lipid metabolic adaptation in T2D like HepG2, zebrafish and rat models partly through reducing inflammation and oxidative stress and suppressing PEPCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwen Xu
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.,Department of Scientific Research Management, Anhui Academy of Science and Technology, Hefei, 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Peng
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yandi Xu
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Ge
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Jing
- Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhunan Gong
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Toselli CM, Wilkinson BM, Paterson J, Kieffer TJ. Vegfa/vegfr2 signaling is necessary for zebrafish islet vessel development, but is dispensable for beta-cell and alpha-cell formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3594. [PMID: 30837605 PMCID: PMC6401103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40136-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying zebrafish pancreatic islet vascularization have not been well characterized. We sought to determine the angiogenic factors responsible for islet vascularization and assess whether an absence of endothelial cells affects beta-cell and alpha-cell formation. We used a double transgenic zebrafish Tg(fli1:EGFP; insa:tagRFP) to label endothelial cells and beta-cells, respectively. Beta-cells developed adjacent to endothelial cells and by 72 hours post fertilization (hpf) the zebrafish pancreatic islet was highly vascularized. Zebrafish beta-cells express vascular endothelial growth factors (vegf), vegfaa and vegfab. Double knockdown of vegfaa and vegfab or the primary Vegfa receptors (Vegfr2), kdr and kdrl, resulted in vessel deficient islets. While beta-cell and alpha-cell numbers remained unchanged in vessel deficient islets, insulina expression was downregulated relative to controls. Vegfaa/Vegfab-Vegfr2 signaling is necessary for proper islet vessel development, but not for the initial formation of beta-cells and alpha-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara M Toselli
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brayden M Wilkinson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Joshua Paterson
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Timothy J Kieffer
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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23
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Gut P, Reischauer S, Stainier DYR, Arnaout R. LITTLE FISH, BIG DATA: ZEBRAFISH AS A MODEL FOR CARDIOVASCULAR AND METABOLIC DISEASE. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:889-938. [PMID: 28468832 PMCID: PMC5817164 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases worldwide is staggering. The emergence of systems approaches in biology promises new therapies, faster and cheaper diagnostics, and personalized medicine. However, a profound understanding of pathogenic mechanisms at the cellular and molecular levels remains a fundamental requirement for discovery and therapeutics. Animal models of human disease are cornerstones of drug discovery as they allow identification of novel pharmacological targets by linking gene function with pathogenesis. The zebrafish model has been used for decades to study development and pathophysiology. More than ever, the specific strengths of the zebrafish model make it a prime partner in an age of discovery transformed by big-data approaches to genomics and disease. Zebrafish share a largely conserved physiology and anatomy with mammals. They allow a wide range of genetic manipulations, including the latest genome engineering approaches. They can be bred and studied with remarkable speed, enabling a range of large-scale phenotypic screens. Finally, zebrafish demonstrate an impressive regenerative capacity scientists hope to unlock in humans. Here, we provide a comprehensive guide on applications of zebrafish to investigate cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We delineate advantages and limitations of zebrafish models of human disease and summarize their most significant contributions to understanding disease progression to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Gut
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sven Reischauer
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Rima Arnaout
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland; Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany; and Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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24
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Leulier F, MacNeil LT, Lee WJ, Rawls JF, Cani PD, Schwarzer M, Zhao L, Simpson SJ. Integrative Physiology: At the Crossroads of Nutrition, Microbiota, Animal Physiology, and Human Health. Cell Metab 2017; 25:522-534. [PMID: 28273475 PMCID: PMC6200423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrition is paramount in shaping all aspects of animal biology. In addition, the influence of the intestinal microbiota on physiology is now widely recognized. Given that diet also shapes the intestinal microbiota, this raises the question of how the nutritional environment and microbial assemblages together influence animal physiology. This research field constitutes a new frontier in the field of organismal biology that needs to be addressed. Here we review recent studies using animal models and humans and propose an integrative framework within which to define the study of the diet-physiology-microbiota systems and ultimately link it to human health. Nutritional Geometry sits centrally in the proposed framework and offers means to define diet compositions that are optimal for individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Leulier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
| | - Lesley T MacNeil
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada; Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S4K1, Canada
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- School of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Creative Research Initiative Center for Hologenomics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Center for the Genomics of Microbial Systems, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Patrice D Cani
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, WELBIO (Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology), Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martin Schwarzer
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon (IGFL), Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Liping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Stephen J Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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Maddison LA, Chen W. Modeling Pancreatic Endocrine Cell Adaptation and Diabetes in the Zebrafish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:9. [PMID: 28184214 PMCID: PMC5266698 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucose homeostasis is an important element of energy balance and is conserved in organisms from fruit fly to mammals. Central to the control of circulating glucose levels in vertebrates are the endocrine cells of the pancreas, particularly the insulin-producing β-cells and the glucagon producing α-cells. A feature of α- and β-cells is their plasticity, an ability to adapt, in function and number as a response to physiological and pathophysiological conditions of increased hormone demand. The molecular mechanisms underlying these adaptive responses that maintain glucose homeostasis are incompletely defined. The zebrafish is an attractive model due to the low cost, high fecundity, and amenability to genetic and compound screens, and mechanisms governing the development of the pancreatic endocrine cells are conserved between zebrafish and mammals. Post development, both β- and α-cells of zebrafish display plasticity as in mammals. Here, we summarize the studies of pancreatic endocrine cell adaptation in zebrafish. We further explore the utility of the zebrafish as a model for diabetes, a relevant topic considering the increase in diabetes in the human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette A. Maddison
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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26
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Elsakr JM, Gannon M. Developmental programming of the pancreatic islet by in utero overnutrition. TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2017; 10:79-95. [PMID: 29657386 PMCID: PMC5894880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) Hypothesis postulates that the in utero environment influences postnatal health and plays a role in disease etiology. Studies in both humans and animal models have shown that exposure to either under- or overnutrition in utero results in an increased risk of metabolic disease later in life. In addition, offspring born to overweight or obese mothers are more likely to be obese as children and into early adulthood and to have impaired glucose tolerance as adults. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that over 70% of adults over the age of 20 are either overweight or obese and that nearly half of women are either overweight or obese at the time they become pregnant. Thus, the consequences of maternal overnutrition on the developing fetus are likely to be realized in greater numbers in the coming decades. This review will focus specifically on the effects of in utero overnutrition on pancreatic islet development and function and how the resulting morphological and functional changes influence the offspring's risk of developing metabolic disease. We will discuss the advantages and challenges of different animal models, the effects of exposure to overnutrition during distinct periods of development, the similarities and differences between and within model systems, and potential mechanisms and future directions in understanding how developmental alterations due to maternal diet exposure influence islet health and function later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Elsakr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Health Authority, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Abstract
The zebrafish pancreas shares its basic organization and cell types with the mammalian pancreas. In addition, the developmental pathways that lead to the establishment of the pancreatic islets of Langherhans are generally conserved from fish to mammals. Zebrafish provides a powerful tool to probe the mechanisms controlling establishment of the pancreatic endocrine cell types from early embryonic progenitor cells, as well as the regeneration of endocrine cells after damage. This knowledge is, in turn, applicable to refining protocols to generate renewable sources of human pancreatic islet cells that are critical for regulation of blood sugar levels. Here, we review how previous and ongoing studies in zebrafish and beyond are influencing the understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying various forms of diabetes and efforts to develop cell-based approaches to cure this increasingly widespread disease.
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28
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Sant KE, Jacobs HM, Xu J, Borofski KA, Moss LG, Moss JB, Timme-Laragy AR. Assessment of Toxicological Perturbations and Variants of Pancreatic Islet Development in the Zebrafish Model. TOXICS 2016; 4. [PMID: 28393070 PMCID: PMC5380372 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pancreatic islets, largely comprised of insulin-producing beta cells, play a critical role in endocrine signaling and glucose homeostasis. Because they have low levels of antioxidant defenses and a high perfusion rate, the endocrine islets may be a highly susceptible target tissue of chemical exposures. However, this endpoint, as well as the integrity of the surrounding exocrine pancreas, is often overlooked in studies of developmental toxicology. Disruption of development by toxicants can alter cell fate and migration, resulting in structural alterations that are difficult to detect in mammalian embryo systems, but that are easily observed in the zebrafish embryo model (Danio rerio). Using endogenously expressed fluorescent protein markers for developing zebrafish beta cells and exocrine pancreas tissue, we documented differences in islet area and incidence rates of islet morphological variants in zebrafish embryos between 48 and 96 h post fertilization (hpf), raised under control conditions commonly used in embryotoxicity assays. We identified critical windows for chemical exposures during which increased incidences of endocrine pancreas abnormalities were observed following exposure to cyclopamine (2–12 hpf), Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (3–48 hpf), and Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (3–48 hpf). Both islet area and length of the exocrine pancreas were sensitive to oxidative stress from exposure to the oxidant tert-butyl hydroperoxide during a highly proliferative critical window (72 hpf). Finally, pancreatic dysmorphogenesis following developmental exposures is discussed with respect to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karilyn E. Sant
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.E.S.); (H.M.J.); (J.X.); (K.A.B.)
| | - Haydee M. Jacobs
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.E.S.); (H.M.J.); (J.X.); (K.A.B.)
| | - Jiali Xu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.E.S.); (H.M.J.); (J.X.); (K.A.B.)
| | - Katrina A. Borofski
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.E.S.); (H.M.J.); (J.X.); (K.A.B.)
| | - Larry G. Moss
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Endocrine Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (L.G.M.); (J.B.M.)
| | - Jennifer B. Moss
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Endocrine Division, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27701, USA; (L.G.M.); (J.B.M.)
| | - Alicia R. Timme-Laragy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (K.E.S.); (H.M.J.); (J.X.); (K.A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-413-545-7423
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29
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O'Hare EA, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Perry JA, Shuldiner AR, Zaghloul NA. Assignment of Functional Relevance to Genes at Type 2 Diabetes-Associated Loci Through Investigation of β-Cell Mass Deficits. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:429-45. [PMID: 26963759 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been associated with a large number of genomic loci, many of which encompass multiple genes without a definitive causal gene. This complexity has hindered efforts to clearly identify functional candidate genes and interpret their role in mediating susceptibility to disease. Here we examined the relevance of individual genes found at T2D-associated loci by assessing their potential contribution to a phenotype relevant to the disease state: production and maintenance of β-cell mass. Using transgenic zebrafish in which β-cell mass could be rapidly visualized in vivo, we systematically suppressed the expression of orthologs of genes found at T2D-associated genomic loci. Overall, we tested 67 orthologs, many of which had no known relevance to β-cell mass, at 62 human T2D-associated loci, including eight loci with multiple candidate genes. In total we identified 25 genes that were necessary for proper β-cell mass, providing functional evidence for their role in a physiological phenotype directly related to T2D. Of these, 16 had not previously been implicated in the regulation of β-cell mass. Strikingly, we identified single functional candidate genes at the majority of the loci for which multiple genes were analyzed. Further investigation into the contribution of the 25 genes to the adaptive capacity of β-cells suggested that the majority of genes were not required for glucose-induced expansion of β-cell mass but were significantly necessary for the regeneration of β-cells. These findings suggest that genetically programmed deficiencies in β-cell mass may be related to impaired maintenance. Finally, we investigated the relevance of our findings to human T2D onset in diabetic individuals from the Old Order Amish and found that risk alleles in β-cell mass genes were associated with significantly younger age of onset and lower body mass index. Taken together, our study offers a functional approach to assign relevance to genes at T2D-associated loci and offers experimental evidence for the defining role of β-cell mass maintenance in genetic susceptibility to T2D onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A O'Hare
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Laura M Yerges-Armstrong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - James A Perry
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Norann A Zaghloul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
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30
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Leptin signaling regulates glucose homeostasis, but not adipostasis, in the zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:3084-9. [PMID: 26903647 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1513212113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is the primary adipostatic factor in mammals. Produced largely by adipocytes in proportion to total adipose mass, the hormone informs the brain regarding total energy stored as triglycerides in fat cells. The hormone acts on multiple circuits in the brain to regulate food intake, autonomic outflow, and endocrine function to maintain energy balance. In addition to regulating adipose mass, mammalian leptin also plays a role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and as a gating factor in reproductive competence. Leptin-deficient mice and people exhibit early onset profound hyperphagia and obesity, diabetes, and infertility. Although leptin and the leptin receptor are found in fish, the hormone is not expressed in adipose tissue, but is found in liver and other tissues. Here, we show that adult zebrafish lacking a functional leptin receptor do not exhibit hyperphagia or increased adiposity, and exhibit normal fertility. However, leptin receptor-deficient larvae have increased numbers of β-cells and increased levels of insulin mRNA. Furthermore, larval zebrafish have been shown to exhibit β-cell hyperplasia in response to high fat feeding or peripheral insulin resistance, and we show here that leptin receptor is required for this response. Adult zebrafish also have increased levels of insulin mRNA and other alterations in glucose homeostasis. Thus, a role for leptin in the regulation of β-cell mass and glucose homeostasis appears to be conserved across vertebrates, whereas its role as an adipostatic factor is likely to be a secondary role acquired during the evolution of mammals.
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31
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Li M, Page-McCaw P, Chen W. FGF1 Mediates Overnutrition-Induced Compensatory β-Cell Differentiation. Diabetes 2016; 65:96-109. [PMID: 26420862 PMCID: PMC4686947 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased insulin demand resulting from insulin resistance and/or overnutrition induces a compensatory increase in β-cell mass. The physiological factors responsible for the compensation have not been fully characterized. In zebrafish, overnutrition rapidly induces compensatory β-cell differentiation through triggering the release of a paracrine signal from persistently activated β-cells. We identified Fgf1 signaling as a key component of the overnutrition-induced β-cell differentiation signal in a small molecule screen. Fgf1 was confirmed as the overnutrition-induced β-cell differentiation signal, as inactivation of fgf1 abolished the compensatory β-cell differentiation. Furthermore, expression of human FGF1 solely in β-cells in fgf1(-/-) animals rescued the compensatory response, indicating that β-cells can be the source of FGF1. Additionally, constitutive secretion of FGF1 with an exogenous signal peptide increased β-cell number in the absence of overnutrition. These results demonstrate that fgf1 is necessary and FGF1 expression in β-cells is sufficient for the compensatory β-cell differentiation. We further show that FGF1 is secreted during prolonged activation of cultured mammalian β-cells and that endoplasmic reticulum stress acts upstream of FGF1 release. Thus, the recently discovered antidiabetes function of FGF1 may act partially through increasing β-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Patrick Page-McCaw
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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Tabassum N, Tai H, Jung DW, Williams DR. Fishing for Nature's Hits: Establishment of the Zebrafish as a Model for Screening Antidiabetic Natural Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:287847. [PMID: 26681965 PMCID: PMC4670909 DOI: 10.1155/2015/287847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus affects millions of people worldwide and significantly impacts their quality of life. Moreover, life threatening diseases, such as myocardial infarction, blindness, and renal disorders, increase the morbidity rate associated with diabetes. Various natural products from medicinal plants have shown potential as antidiabetes agents in cell-based screening systems. However, many of these potential "hits" fail in mammalian tests, due to issues such as poor pharmacokinetics and/or toxic side effects. To address this problem, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model has been developed as a "bridge" to provide an experimentally convenient animal-based screening system to identify drug candidates that are active in vivo. In this review, we discuss the application of zebrafish to drug screening technologies for diabetes research. Specifically, the discovery of natural product-based antidiabetes compounds using zebrafish will be described. For example, it has recently been demonstrated that antidiabetic natural compounds can be identified in zebrafish using activity guided fractionation of crude plant extracts. Moreover, the development of fluorescent-tagged glucose bioprobes has allowed the screening of natural product-based modulators of glucose homeostasis in zebrafish. We hope that the discussion of these advances will illustrate the value and simplicity of establishing zebrafish-based assays for antidiabetic compounds in natural products-based laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Tabassum
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongmei Tai
- Department of Endocrinology, Yanji Hospital, Jilin 133000, China
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Darren R. Williams
- New Drug Targets Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
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34
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Li M, Dean ED, Zhao L, Nicholson WE, Powers AC, Chen W. Glucagon receptor inactivation leads to α-cell hyperplasia in zebrafish. J Endocrinol 2015; 227:93-103. [PMID: 26446275 PMCID: PMC4598637 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon antagonism is a potential treatment for diabetes. One potential side effect is α-cell hyperplasia, which has been noted in several approaches to antagonize glucagon action. To investigate the molecular mechanism of the α-cell hyperplasia and to identify the responsible factor, we created a zebrafish model in which glucagon receptor (gcgr) signaling has been interrupted. The genetically and chemically tractable zebrafish, which provides a robust discovery platform, has two gcgr genes (gcgra and gcgrb) in its genome. Sequence, phylogenetic, and synteny analyses suggest that these are co-orthologs of the human GCGR. Similar to its mammalian counterparts, gcgra and gcgrb are mainly expressed in the liver. We inactivated the zebrafish gcgra and gcgrb using transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) first individually and then both genes, and assessed the number of α-cells using an α-cell reporter line, Tg(gcga:GFP). Compared to WT fish at 7 days postfertilization, there were more α-cells in gcgra-/-, gcgrb-/-, and gcgra-/-;gcgrb-/- fish and there was an increased rate of α-cell proliferation in the gcgra-/-;gcgrb-/- fish. Glucagon levels were higher but free glucose levels were lower in gcgra-/-, gcgrb-/-, and gcgra-/-;gcgrb-/- fish, similar to Gcgr-/- mice. These results indicate that the compensatory α-cell hyperplasia in response to interruption of glucagon signaling is conserved in zebrafish. The robust α-cell hyperplasia in gcgra-/-;gcgrb-/- larvae provides a platform to screen for chemical and genetic suppressors, and ultimately to identify the stimulus of α-cell hyperplasia and its signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Li
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USADivision of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USAThird Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, ChinaVeterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - E Danielle Dean
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USADivision of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USAThird Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, ChinaVeterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Liyuan Zhao
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USADivision of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USAThird Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, ChinaVeterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashville, Tennessee 37212, USA Departments of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USADivision of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USAThird Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, ChinaVeterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Wendell E Nicholson
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USADivision of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USAThird Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, ChinaVeterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USADivision of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USAThird Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, ChinaVeterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashville, Tennessee 37212, USA Departments of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USADivision of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USAThird Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, ChinaVeterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashville, Tennessee 37212, USA Departments of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USADivision of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USAThird Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, ChinaVeterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and BiophysicsVanderbilt University School of Medicine, Light Hall, Room 711, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USADivision of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USAThird Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, ChinaVeterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare SystemNashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
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Galanin regulates blood glucose level in the zebrafish: a morphological and functional study. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 145:105-17. [PMID: 26496922 PMCID: PMC4710661 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1376-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study has demonstrated the galaninergic innervation of the endocrine pancreas including sources of the galaninergic nerve fibers, and the influence of galanin receptor agonists on blood glucose level in the zebrafish. For the first time, a very abundant galaninergic innervation of the endocrine pancreas during development is shown, from the second day post-fertilization to adulthood. The fibers originated from ganglia consisting of galanin-IR, non-adrenergic (non-sensory) neurons located rostrally to the pancreatic tissue. The ganglia were found on the dorsal side of the initial part of the anterior intestinal segment, close to the intestinal branch of the vagus nerve. The galanin-IR neurons did not show immunoreactivity for applied antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase, choline acetyltransferase, and vesicular acetylcholine transporter. Intraperitoneal injections of galanin analog NAX 5055 resulted in a statistically significant increase in the blood glucose level. Injections of another galanin receptor agonist, galnon, also caused a rise in blood glucose level; however, it was not statistically significant. The present findings suggest that, like in mammals, in the zebrafish galanin is involved in the regulation of blood glucose level. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the exact mechanism of the galanin action.
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Lodh S, Hostelley TL, Leitch CC, O'Hare EA, Zaghloul NA. Differential effects on β-cell mass by disruption of Bardet-Biedl syndrome or Alstrom syndrome genes. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:57-68. [PMID: 26494903 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare genetic syndromes characterized by early-onset type 2 diabetes have revealed the importance of pancreatic β-cells in genetic susceptibility to diabetes. However, the role of genetic regulation of β-cells in disorders that are also characterized by highly penetrant obesity, a major additional risk factor, is unclear. In this study, we investigated the contribution of genes associated with two obesity ciliopathies, Bardet-Biedl Syndrome and Alstrom Syndrome, to the production and maintenance of pancreatic β-cells. Using zebrafish models of these syndromes, we identified opposing effects on production of β-cells. Loss of the Alstrom gene, alms1, resulted in a significant decrease in β-cell production whereas loss of BBS genes, bbs1 or bbs4, resulted in a significant increase. Examination of the regulatory program underlying β-cell production suggested that these effects were specific to β-cells. In addition to the initial production of β-cells, we observed significant differences in their continued maintenance. Under prolonged exposure to high glucose conditions, alms1-deficient β-cells were unable to continually expand as a result of decreased proliferation and increased cell death. Although bbs1-deficient β-cells were similarly susceptible to apoptosis, the overall maintenance of β-cell number in those animals was sustained likely due to increased proliferation. Taken together, these findings implicate discrepant production and maintenance of β-cells in the differential susceptibility to diabetes found between these two genetic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Lodh
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Timothy L Hostelley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Carmen C Leitch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Elizabeth A O'Hare
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Norann A Zaghloul
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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Kimmel RA, Dobler S, Schmitner N, Walsen T, Freudenblum J, Meyer D. Diabetic pdx1-mutant zebrafish show conserved responses to nutrient overload and anti-glycemic treatment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14241. [PMID: 26384018 PMCID: PMC4585597 DOI: 10.1038/srep14241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is characterized by disrupted glucose homeostasis due to loss or dysfunction of insulin-producing beta cells. In this work, we characterize pancreatic islet development and function in zebrafish mutant for pdx1, a gene which in humans is linked to genetic forms of diabetes and is associated with increased susceptibility to Type 2 diabetes. Pdx1 mutant zebrafish have the key diabetic features of reduced beta cells, decreased insulin and elevated glucose. The hyperglycemia responds to pharmacologic anti-diabetic treatment and, as often seen in mammalian diabetes models, beta cells of pdx1 mutants show sensitivity to nutrient overload. This unique genetic model of diabetes provides a new tool for elucidating the mechanisms behind hyperglycemic pathologies and will allow the testing of novel therapeutic interventions in a model organism that is amenable to high-throughput approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A Kimmel
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Stefan Dobler
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole Schmitner
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tanja Walsen
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Freudenblum
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Biology/CMBI; Leopold-Francis University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Huang EW, Peng LY, Zheng JX, Wang D, Xu QY, Huang L, Wu QP, Tang SB, Luo B, Liu SP, Liu XS, Li ZH, Quan L, Li Y, Shi H, Lv GL, Zhao J, Cheng JD, Liu C. Common Variants in Promoter of ADTRP Associate with Early-Onset Coronary Artery Disease in a Southern Han Chinese Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137547. [PMID: 26375920 PMCID: PMC4574160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The first genome-wide association study for coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Han Chinese population, we reported recently, had identified rs6903956 in gene ADTRP on chromosome 6p24.1 as a novel susceptibility locus for CAD. The risk allele of rs6903956 was associated with decreased mRNA expression of ADTRP. To further study the correlation of ADTRP expression and CAD, in this study we evaluated the associations of eight common variants in the expression-regulating regions of ADTRP with CAD in the Southern Han Chinese population. Rs169790 in 3’UTR, rs2076189 in 5’UTR, four SNPs (rs2076188, rs7753407, rs11966356 and rs1018383) in promoter, and two SNPs (rs3734273, rs80355771) in the last intron of ADTRP were genotyped in 1716 CAD patients and 1572 controls. The correlations between these loci and total or early-onset CAD were investigated. None of these loci was discovered to associate with total CAD (P > 0.05). However, with early-onset CAD, significant both allelic and genotypic associations of rs7753407, rs11966356 and rs1018383 were identified, after adjustment for risk factors of age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, lipid profiles and smoking (adjusted P < 0.05). A haplotype AGCG (constructed by rs2076188, rs7753407, rs11966356 and rs1018383) was identified to protect subjects from early-onset CAD (OR = 0.332, 95% CI = 0.105–0.879, adjusted P = 0.010). Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay showed that the risk alleles of the associated loci were significantly associated with decreased expression of ADTRP mRNA. Moreover, the average level of ADTRP mRNA expression in early-onset CAD cases was significantly lower than that in controls. Our results provide new evidence supporting the association of ADTRP with the pathogenesis of early-onset CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Er-Wen Huang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Long-Yun Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Xiang Zheng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Cardio-X Institute, College of Life Science and Technology and Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qu-Yi Xu
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Wu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuang-Bo Tang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shui-Ping Liu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Shan Liu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Li
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Quan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Li
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - He Shi
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo-Li Lv
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Ding Cheng
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (CL); (JDC)
| | - Chao Liu
- Guangzhou Forensic Science Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (CL); (JDC)
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Wang G, Rajpurohit SK, Delaspre F, Walker SL, White DT, Ceasrine A, Kuruvilla R, Li RJ, Shim JS, Liu JO, Parsons MJ, Mumm JS. First quantitative high-throughput screen in zebrafish identifies novel pathways for increasing pancreatic β-cell mass. eLife 2015; 4:e08261. [PMID: 26218223 PMCID: PMC4534842 DOI: 10.7554/elife.08261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Whole-organism chemical screening can circumvent bottlenecks that impede drug discovery. However, in vivo screens have not attained throughput capacities possible with in vitro assays. We therefore developed a method enabling in vivo high-throughput screening (HTS) in zebrafish, termed automated reporter quantification in vivo (ARQiv). In this study, ARQiv was combined with robotics to fully actualize whole-organism HTS (ARQiv-HTS). In a primary screen, this platform quantified cell-specific fluorescent reporters in >500,000 transgenic zebrafish larvae to identify FDA-approved (Federal Drug Administration) drugs that increased the number of insulin-producing β cells in the pancreas. 24 drugs were confirmed as inducers of endocrine differentiation and/or stimulators of β-cell proliferation. Further, we discovered novel roles for NF-κB signaling in regulating endocrine differentiation and for serotonergic signaling in selectively stimulating β-cell proliferation. These studies demonstrate the power of ARQiv-HTS for drug discovery and provide unique insights into signaling pathways controlling β-cell mass, potential therapeutic targets for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Wang
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Surendra K Rajpurohit
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Fabien Delaspre
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Steven L Walker
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - David T White
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
| | - Alexis Ceasrine
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Rejji Kuruvilla
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Ruo-jing Li
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Joong S Shim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jun O Liu
- Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Michael J Parsons
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
| | - Jeff S Mumm
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, United States
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40
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Ye L, Robertson MA, Hesselson D, Stainier DYR, Anderson RM. Glucagon is essential for alpha cell transdifferentiation and beta cell neogenesis. Development 2015; 142:1407-17. [PMID: 25852199 DOI: 10.1242/dev.117911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interconversion of cell lineages via transdifferentiation is an adaptive mode of tissue regeneration and an appealing therapeutic target. However, its clinical exploitation is contingent upon the discovery of contextual regulators of cell fate acquisition and maintenance. In murine models of diabetes, glucagon-secreting alpha cells transdifferentiate into insulin-secreting beta cells following targeted beta cell depletion, regenerating the form and function of the pancreatic islet. However, the molecular triggers of this mode of regeneration are unknown. Here, using lineage-tracing assays in a transgenic zebrafish model of beta cell ablation, we demonstrate conserved plasticity of alpha cells during islet regeneration. In addition, we show that glucagon expression is upregulated after injury. Through gene knockdown and rescue approaches, we also find that peptides derived from the glucagon gene are necessary for alpha-to-beta cell fate switching. Importantly, whereas beta cell neogenesis was stimulated by glucose, alpha-to-beta cell conversion was not, suggesting that transdifferentiation is not mediated by glucagon/GLP-1 control of hepatic glucose production. Overall, this study supports the hypothesis that alpha cells are an endogenous reservoir of potential new beta cells. It further reveals that glucagon plays an important role in maintaining endocrine cell homeostasis through feedback mechanisms that govern cell fate stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ye
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Van Nuys Medical Sciences Building MS2053, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Morgan A Robertson
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Van Nuys Medical Sciences Building MS2053, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1550 4th Street Rock Hall Room 381, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Didier Y R Stainier
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 1550 4th Street Rock Hall Room 381, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ryan M Anderson
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research and Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Van Nuys Medical Sciences Building MS2053, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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41
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Yin L, Maddison LA, Li M, Kara N, LaFave MC, Varshney GK, Burgess SM, Patton JG, Chen W. Multiplex Conditional Mutagenesis Using Transgenic Expression of Cas9 and sgRNAs. Genetics 2015; 200:431-41. [PMID: 25855067 PMCID: PMC4492370 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.115.176917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the mechanism of gene function is greatly enhanced using conditional mutagenesis. However, generating engineered conditional alleles is inefficient and has only been widely used in mice. Importantly, multiplex conditional mutagenesis requires extensive breeding. Here we demonstrate a system for one-generation multiplex conditional mutagenesis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) using transgenic expression of both cas9 and multiple single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). We describe five distinct zebrafish U6 promoters for sgRNA expression and demonstrate efficient multiplex biallelic inactivation of tyrosinase and insulin receptor a and b, resulting in defects in pigmentation and glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, we demonstrate temporal and tissue-specific mutagenesis using transgenic expression of Cas9. Heat-shock-inducible expression of cas9 allows temporal control of tyr mutagenesis. Liver-specific expression of cas9 disrupts insulin receptor a and b, causing fasting hypoglycemia and postprandial hyperglycemia. We also show that delivery of sgRNAs targeting ascl1a into the eye leads to impaired damage-induced photoreceptor regeneration. Our findings suggest that CRISPR/Cas9-based conditional mutagenesis in zebrafish is not only feasible but rapid and straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Yin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Lisette A Maddison
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Mingyu Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Nergis Kara
- Department of Biological Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | - Matthew C LaFave
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Gaurav K Varshney
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - James G Patton
- Department of Biological Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37240
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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42
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Maddison LA, Joest KE, Kammeyer RM, Chen W. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance in zebrafish induces alterations in β-cell number and glucose tolerance in an age- and diet-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E662-9. [PMID: 25670827 PMCID: PMC4398831 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00441.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance creates an environment that promotes β-cell failure and development of diabetes. Understanding the events that lead from insulin resistance to diabetes is necessary for development of effective preventional and interventional strategies, and model systems that reflect the pathophysiology of disease progression are an important component toward this end. We have confirmed that insulin enhances glucose uptake in zebrafish skeletal muscle and have developed a zebrafish model of skeletal muscle insulin resistance using a dominant-negative IGF-IR. These zebrafish exhibit blunted insulin signaling and glucose uptake in the skeletal muscle, confirming insulin resistance. In young animals, we observed an increase in the number of β-cells and normal glucose tolerance that was indicative of compensation for insulin resistance. In older animals, the β-cell mass was reduced to that of control with the appearance of impaired glucose clearance but no elevation in fasting blood glucose. Combined with overnutrition, the insulin-resistant animals have an increased fasting blood glucose compared with the control animals, demonstrating that the β-cells in the insulin-resistant fish are in a vulnerable state. The relatively slow progression from insulin resistance to glucose intolerance in this model system has the potential in the future to test cooperating genes or metabolic conditions that may accelerate the development of diabetes and provide new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisette A Maddison
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Kaitlin E Joest
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Ryan M Kammeyer
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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43
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Animal model of Sar1b deficiency presents lipid absorption deficits similar to Anderson disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:165-76. [PMID: 25559265 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Anderson disease (ANDD) or chylomicron retention disease (CMRD) is a rare, hereditary lipid malabsorption syndrome associated with mutations in the SAR1B gene that is characterized by failure to thrive and hypocholesterolemia. Although the SAR1B structure has been resolved and its role in formation of coat protein II (COPII)-coated carriers is well established, little is known about the requirement for SAR1B during embryogenesis. To address this question, we have developed a zebrafish model of Sar1b deficiency based on antisense oligonucleotide knockdown. We show that zebrafish sar1b is highly conserved among vertebrates; broadly expressed during development; and enriched in the digestive tract organs, brain, and craniofacial skeleton. Consistent with ANDD symptoms of chylomicron retention, we found that dietary lipids in Sar1b-deficient embryos accumulate in enterocytes. Transgenic expression analysis revealed that Sar1b is required for growth of exocrine pancreas and liver. Furthermore, we found abnormal differentiation and maturation of craniofacial cartilage associated with defects in procollagen II secretion and absence of select, neuroD-positive neurons of the midbrain and hindbrain. The model presented here will help to systematically dissect developmental roles of Sar1b and to discover molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to organ-specific ANDD pathology. Key messages: Sar1b depletion phenotype in zebrafish resembles Anderson disease deficits. Sar1b deficiency results in multi-organ developmental deficits. Sar1b is required for dietary cholesterol uptake into enterocytes.
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44
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Schlegel A, Gut P. Metabolic insights from zebrafish genetics, physiology, and chemical biology. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2249-60. [PMID: 25556679 PMCID: PMC4439526 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases—atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease––have reached pandemic proportions. Across gene, cell, organ, organism, and social-environmental scales, fundamental discoveries of the derangements that occur in these diseases are required to develop effective new treatments. Here we will review genetic, physiological, pathological and chemical biological discoveries in the emerging zebrafish model for studying metabolism and metabolic diseases. We present a synthesis of recent studies using forward and reverse genetic tools to make new contributions to our understanding of lipid trafficking, diabetes pathogenesis and complications, and to β-cell biology. The technical and physiological advantages and the pharmacological potential of this organism for discovery and validation of metabolic disease targets are stressed by our summary of recent findings. We conclude by arguing that metabolic research using zebrafish will benefit from adoption of conventional blood and tissue metabolite measurements, employment of modern imaging techniques, and development of more rigorous metabolic flux methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amnon Schlegel
- University of Utah Molecular Medicine Program, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 15 North 2030 East, Room 3240B, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA,
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45
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Seth A, Stemple DL, Barroso I. The emerging use of zebrafish to model metabolic disease. Dis Model Mech 2014; 6:1080-8. [PMID: 24046387 PMCID: PMC3759328 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.011346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish research community is celebrating! The zebrafish genome has recently been sequenced, the Zebrafish Mutation Project (launched by the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute) has published the results of its first large-scale ethylnitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis screen, and a host of new techniques, such as the genome editing technologies TALEN and CRISPR-Cas, are enabling specific mutations to be created in model organisms and investigated in vivo. The zebrafish truly seems to be coming of age. These powerful resources invoke the question of whether zebrafish can be increasingly used to model human disease, particularly common, chronic diseases of metabolism such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In recent years, there has been considerable success, mainly from genomic approaches, in identifying genetic variants that are associated with these conditions in humans; however, mechanistic insights into the role of implicated disease loci are lacking. In this Review, we highlight some of the advantages and disadvantages of zebrafish to address the organism’s utility as a model system for human metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Seth
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
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Capiotti KM, Antonioli R, Kist LW, Bogo MR, Bonan CD, Da Silva RS. Persistent impaired glucose metabolism in a zebrafish hyperglycemia model. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 171:58-65. [PMID: 24704522 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) affects over 10% of the world's population. Hyperglycemia is the main feature for the diagnosis of this disease. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an established model organism for the study of various metabolic diseases. In this paper, hyperglycemic zebrafish, when immersed in a 111 mM glucose solution for 14 days, developed increased glycation of proteins from the eyes, decreased mRNA levels of insulin receptors in the muscle, and a reversion of high blood glucose level after treatment with anti-diabetic drugs (glimepiride and metformin) even after 7 days of glucose withdrawal. Additionally, hyperglycemic zebrafish developed an impaired response to exogenous insulin, which was recovered after 7 days of glucose withdrawal. These data suggest that the exposure of adult zebrafish to high glucose concentration is able to induce persistent metabolic changes probably underlined by a hyperinsulinemic state and impaired peripheral glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiucia Marques Capiotti
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Régis Antonioli
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luiza Wilges Kist
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Maurício Reis Bogo
- Laboratório de Biologia Genômica e Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Carla Denise Bonan
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Rosane Souza Da Silva
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica e Psicofarmacologia, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Biociências, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Li M, Maddison LA, Page-McCaw P, Chen W. Overnutrition induces β-cell differentiation through prolonged activation of β-cells in zebrafish larvae. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E799-807. [PMID: 24473439 PMCID: PMC3962607 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00686.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Insulin from islet β-cells maintains glucose homeostasis by stimulating peripheral tissues to remove glucose from circulation. Persistent elevation of insulin demand increases β-cell number through self-replication or differentiation (neogenesis) as part of a compensatory response. However, it is not well understood how a persistent increase in insulin demand is detected. We have previously demonstrated that a persistent increase in insulin demand by overnutrition induces compensatory β-cell differentiation in zebrafish. Here, we use a series of pharmacological and genetic analyses to show that prolonged stimulation of existing β-cells is necessary and sufficient for this compensatory response. In the absence of feeding, tonic, but not intermittent, pharmacological activation of β-cell secretion was sufficient to induce β-cell differentiation. Conversely, drugs that block β-cell secretion, including an ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP) channel agonist and an L-type Ca(2+) channel blocker, suppressed overnutrition-induced β-cell differentiation. Genetic experiments specifically targeting β-cells confirm existing β-cells as the overnutrition sensor. First, inducible expression of a constitutively active K ATP channel in β-cells suppressed the overnutrition effect. Second, inducible expression of a dominant-negative K ATP mutant induced β-cell differentiation independent of nutrients. Third, sensitizing β-cell metabolism by transgenic expression of a hyperactive glucokinase potentiated differentiation. Finally, ablation of the existing β-cells abolished the differentiation response. Taken together, these data establish that overnutrition induces β-cell differentiation in larval zebrafish through prolonged activation of β-cells. These findings demonstrate an essential role for existing β-cells in sensing overnutrition and compensating for their own insufficiency by recruiting additional β-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Rocha F, Dias J, Engrola S, Gavaia P, Geurden I, Dinis MT, Panserat S. Glucose overload in yolk has little effect on the long-term modulation of carbohydrate metabolic genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 217:1139-49. [PMID: 24363414 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.095463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Some fish show a low metabolic ability to use dietary carbohydrates. The use of early nutritional stimuli to program metabolic pathways in fish is ill defined. Therefore, studies were undertaken with zebrafish to assess the effect of high glucose levels during the embryonic stage as a lifelong modulator of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. Genes related to carbohydrate metabolism were expressed at low levels at 0.2 and 1 day post-fertilization (dpf). However, from 4 dpf onwards there was a significant increase on expression of all genes, suggesting that all analysed pathways were active. By microinjection, we successfully enriched zebrafish egg yolk with glucose (a 43-fold increase of basal levels). Acute effects of glucose injection on gene expression were assessed in larvae up to 10 dpf, and the programming concept was evaluated in juveniles (41 dpf) challenged with a hyperglucidic diet. At 4 dpf, larvae from glucose-enriched eggs showed a downregulation of several genes related to glycolysis, glycogenolysis, lipogenesis and carbohydrate digestion in comparison with control (saline-injected) embryos. This inhibitory regulation was suppressed after 10 dpf. At the juvenile stage, and upon switching from a low to a high digestible carbohydrate diet, early glucose enrichment had no significant effect on most analysed genes. However, these same fish showed altered expression of the genes for cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 1 and glycogen synthase, suggesting changes to the glucose storage capacity in muscle and glucose production and transport in viscera. Overall, supplementation of egg yolk with high glucose levels had little effect on the long-term modulation of carbohydrate metabolic genes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Rocha
- CCMAR/CIMAR, Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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Ninov N, Hesselson D, Gut P, Zhou A, Fidelin K, Stainier DYR. Metabolic regulation of cellular plasticity in the pancreas. Curr Biol 2013; 23:1242-50. [PMID: 23791726 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2013.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Obese individuals exhibit an increase in pancreatic β cell mass; conversely, scarce nutrition during pregnancy has been linked to β cell insufficiency in the offspring [reviewed in 1, 2]. These phenomena are thought to be mediated mainly through effects on β cell proliferation, given that a nutrient-sensitive β cell progenitor population in the pancreas has not been identified. Here, we employed the fluorescent ubiquitination-based cell-cycle indicator system to investigate β cell replication in real time and found that high nutrient concentrations induce rapid β cell proliferation. Importantly, we found that high nutrient concentrations also stimulate β cell differentiation from progenitors in the intrapancreatic duct (IPD). Furthermore, using a new zebrafish line where β cells are constitutively ablated, we show that β cell loss and high nutrient intake synergistically activate these progenitors. At the cellular level, this activation process causes ductal cell reorganization as it stimulates their proliferation and differentiation. Notably, we link the nutrient-dependent activation of these progenitors to a downregulation of Notch signaling specifically within the IPD. Furthermore, we show that the nutrient sensor mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is required for endocrine differentiation from the IPD under physiological conditions as well as in the diabetic state. Thus, this study reveals critical insights into how cells modulate their plasticity in response to metabolic cues and identifies nutrient-sensitive progenitors in the mature pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay Ninov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Programs in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Genetics and Human Genetics, the Diabetes Center, Institute for Regeneration Medicine and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, 1550 4(th) Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Li M, Maddison LA, Crees Z, Chen W. Targeted overexpression of CKI-insensitive cyclin-dependent kinase 4 increases functional β-cell number through enhanced self-replication in zebrafish. Zebrafish 2013; 10:170-6. [PMID: 23544990 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2012.0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Cells of the islet of Langerhans produce insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. Self-replication of β-cells is the predominant mode of postnatal β-cell production in mammals, with about 20% of rodent β cells dividing in a 24-hour period. However, replicating β-cells are rare in adults. Induction of self-replication of existing β-cells is a potential treatment for diabetes. In zebrafish larvae, β-cells rarely self-replicate, even under conditions that favor β-cell genesis such overnutrition and β-cell ablation. It is not clear why larval β-cells are refractory to replication. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that insufficient activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 may be responsible for the low replication rate by ectopically expressing in β-cells a mutant CDK4 (CDK4(R24C)) that is insensitive to inhibition by cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Our data show that expression of CDK4(R24C) in β-cells enhanced β-cell replication. CDK4(R24C) also dampened compensatory β-cell neogenesis in larvae and improved glucose tolerance in adult zebrafish. Our data indicate that CDK4 inhibition contributes to the limited β-cell replication in larval zebrafish. To our knowledge, this is the first example of genetically induced β-cell replication in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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