1
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F De Jesus D, Zhang Z, Brown NK, Li X, Xiao L, Hu J, Gaffrey MJ, Fogarty G, Kahraman S, Wei J, Basile G, Rana TM, Mathews C, Powers AC, Parent AV, Atkinson MA, Dhe-Paganon S, Eizirik DL, Qian WJ, He C, Kulkarni RN. Redox regulation of m 6A methyltransferase METTL3 in β-cells controls the innate immune response in type 1 diabetes. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:421-437. [PMID: 38409327 PMCID: PMC11042681 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-024-01368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Several observations have renewed the interest in β-cell RNA sensors and editors. Here, we report that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an adaptive β-cell safeguard mechanism that controls the amplitude and duration of the antiviral innate immune response at T1D onset. m6A writer methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) levels increase drastically in β-cells at T1D onset but rapidly decline with disease progression. m6A sequencing revealed the m6A hypermethylation of several key innate immune mediators, including OAS1, OAS2, OAS3 and ADAR1 in human islets and EndoC-βH1 cells at T1D onset. METTL3 silencing enhanced 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase levels by increasing its mRNA stability. Consistently, in vivo gene therapy to prolong Mettl3 overexpression specifically in β-cells delayed diabetes progression in the non-obese diabetic mouse model of T1D. Mechanistically, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species blocked upregulation of METTL3 in response to cytokines, while physiological levels of nitric oxide enhanced METTL3 levels and activity. Furthermore, we report that the cysteines in position C276 and C326 in the zinc finger domains of the METTL3 protein are sensitive to S-nitrosylation and are important to the METTL3-mediated regulation of oligoadenylate synthase mRNA stability in human β-cells. Collectively, we report that m6A regulates the innate immune response at the β-cell level during the onset of T1D in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario F De Jesus
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalie K Brown
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Ling Xiao
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Garrett Fogarty
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiangbo Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tariq M Rana
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Clayton Mathews
- Department of Pathology, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alvin C Powers
- Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Audrey V Parent
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sirano Dhe-Paganon
- Department of Biological Chemistry, and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center; Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Qureshi FM, Panzer JK, Põder J, Malek TR, Caicedo A. Immunotherapy With Low-Dose IL-2/CD25 Prevents β-Cell Dysfunction and Dysglycemia in Prediabetic NOD Mice. Diabetes 2023; 72:769-780. [PMID: 36939730 PMCID: PMC10202767 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Low-dose IL-2 is a promising immunotherapy in clinical trials for treating type 1 diabetes. A new IL-2 analog, IL-2/CD25 fusion protein, has been shown to more efficiently delay or prevent diabetes in NOD mice by expanding the population of activated regulatory T cells. This therapy is intended for use before clinical diagnosis, in the early stages of type 1 diabetes progression. During this prediabetic period, there is a chronic decline in β-cell function that has long-term implications for disease pathogenesis. Yet, to date, the effects of IL-2/CD25 on β-cell function have not been evaluated. In this study, we treated prediabetic NOD mice with low-dose mouse IL-2/CD25 over 5 weeks and determined its impact on β-cell function. This treatment limited the progressive impairment of glucose tolerance and insulin secretion typical of the later stages of prediabetes. Intracellular Ca2+ responses to glucose in β-cells became more robust and synchronous, indicating that changing the local immune cell infiltrate with IL-2/CD25 preserved β-cell function even after treatment cessation. Our study thus provides mechanistic insight and serves as a steppingstone for future research using low-dose IL-2/CD25 immunotherapy in patients. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS Immunotherapies such as IL-2/CD25 are known to prevent or delay diabetes. However, their impact on individual β-cell function is not yet understood. Female NOD mice progress from stage 1 to 2 pre-type 1 diabetes between 12 and 17 weeks. Treatment with mouse IL-2 (mIL-2)/CD25 prevents this progression even after treatment cessation. Individual β-cell function (measured via intracellular Ca2+ responses to glucose) declines during the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Treatment with mIL-2/CD25 therapy limits β-cell dysfunction, and function continues to improve after treatment cessation. Insulin secretion is improved with mIL-2/CD25 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan M. Qureshi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Julia K. Panzer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Janika Põder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Thomas R. Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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3
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De Jesus DF, Zhang Z, Brown NK, Li X, Gaffrey MJ, Kahraman S, Wei J, Hu J, Basile G, Xiao L, Rana TM, Mathews C, Powers AC, Atkinson MA, Eizirik DL, Dhe-Paganon S, Parent AV, Qian WJ, He C, Kulkarni RN. Redox Regulation of m 6 A Methyltransferase METTL3 in Human β-cells Controls the Innate Immune Response in Type 1 Diabetes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.16.528701. [PMID: 36824909 PMCID: PMC9948953 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.16.528701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells. Several observations have renewed interest in the innate immune system as an initiator of the disease process against β-cells. Here, we show that N 6 -Methyladenosine (m 6 A) is an adaptive β-cell safeguard mechanism that accelerates mRNA decay of the 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS) genes to control the antiviral innate immune response at T1D onset. m 6 A writer methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) levels increase drastically in human and mouse β-cells at T1D onset but rapidly decline with disease progression. Treatment of human islets and EndoC-βH1 cells with pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 β and interferon α mimicked the METTL3 upregulation seen at T1D onset. Furthermore, m 6 A-sequencing revealed the m 6 A hypermethylation of several key innate immune mediators including OAS1, OAS2, and OAS3 in human islets and EndoC-βH1 cells challenged with cytokines. METTL3 silencing in human pseudoislets or EndoC-βH1 cells enhanced OAS levels by increasing its mRNA stability upon cytokine challenge. Consistently, in vivo gene therapy, to prolong Mettl3 overexpression specifically in β-cells, delayed diabetes progression in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of T1D by limiting the upregulation of Oas pointing to potential therapeutic relevance. Mechanistically, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species blocked METTL3 upregulation in response to cytokines, while physiological levels of nitric oxide promoted its expression in human islets. Furthermore, for the first time to our knowledge, we show that the cysteines in position C276 and C326 in the zinc finger domain of the METTL3 protein are sensitive to S-nitrosylation (SNO) and are significant for the METTL3 mediated regulation of OAS mRNA stability in human β-cells in response to cytokines. Collectively, we report that m 6 A regulates human and mouse β-cells to control the innate immune response during the onset of T1D and propose targeting METTL3 to prevent β-cell death in T1D.
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4
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Liu T, Zou X, Ruze R, Xu Q. Bariatric Surgery: Targeting pancreatic β cells to treat type II diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1031610. [PMID: 36875493 PMCID: PMC9975540 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1031610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell function impairment and insulin resistance are central to the development of obesity-related type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Bariatric surgery (BS) is a practical treatment approach to treat morbid obesity and achieve lasting T2DM remission. Traditionally, sustained postoperative glycemic control was considered a direct result of decreased nutrient intake and weight loss. However, mounting evidence in recent years implicated a weight-independent mechanism that involves pancreatic islet reconstruction and improved β-cell function. In this article, we summarize the role of β-cell in the pathogenesis of T2DM, review recent research progress focusing on the impact of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) on pancreatic β-cell pathophysiology, and finally discuss therapeutics that have the potential to assist in the treatment effect of surgery and prevent T2D relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rexiati Ruze
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiang Xu,
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5
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Shirakawa J, Togashi Y, Basile G, Okuyama T, Inoue R, Fernandez M, Kyohara M, De Jesus DF, Goto N, Zhang W, Tsuno T, Kin T, Pan H, Dreyfuss JM, Shapiro AJ, Yi P, Terauchi Y, Kulkarni RN. E2F1 transcription factor mediates a link between fat and islets to promote β cell proliferation in response to acute insulin resistance. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111436. [PMID: 36198264 PMCID: PMC9617565 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevention or amelioration of declining β cell mass is a potential strategy to cure diabetes. Here, we report the pathways utilized by β cells to robustly replicate in response to acute insulin resistance induced by S961, a pharmacological insulin receptor antagonist. Interestingly, pathways that include CENP-A and the transcription factor E2F1 that are independent of insulin signaling and its substrates appeared to mediate S961-induced β cell multiplication. Consistently, pharmacological inhibition of E2F1 blocks β-cell proliferation in S961-injected mice. Serum from S961-treated mice recapitulates replication of β cells in mouse and human islets in an E2F1-dependent manner. Co-culture of islets with adipocytes isolated from S961-treated mice enables β cells to duplicate, while E2F1 inhibition limits their growth even in the presence of adipocytes. These data suggest insulin resistance-induced proliferative signals from adipocytes activate E2F1, a potential therapeutic target, to promote β cell compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shirakawa
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 3718512, Japan,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan,Correspondence: (J.S.), (R.N.K.)
| | - Yu Togashi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tomoko Okuyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Ryota Inoue
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 3718512, Japan
| | - Megan Fernandez
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mayu Kyohara
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Dario F. De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nozomi Goto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Wei Zhang
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Takahiro Tsuno
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation (IMCR), Gunma University, Maebashi 3718512, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kin
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Hui Pan
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Dreyfuss
- Bioinformatics Core, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - A.M. James Shapiro
- Clinical Islet Laboratory and Clinical Islet Transplant Program, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peng Yi
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yasuo Terauchi
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama-City University, Yokohama 2360004, Japan
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence: (J.S.), (R.N.K.)
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6
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Biondi G, Marrano N, Borrelli A, Rella M, Palma G, Calderoni I, Siciliano E, Lops P, Giorgino F, Natalicchio A. Adipose Tissue Secretion Pattern Influences β-Cell Wellness in the Transition from Obesity to Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105522. [PMID: 35628332 PMCID: PMC9143684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of the β-cell functional mass, which is a reduction in the number of β-cells and their ability to secure adequate insulin secretion, represents a key mechanistic factor leading to the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Obesity is recognised as a leading cause of β-cell loss and dysfunction and a risk factor for T2D. The natural history of β-cell failure in obesity-induced T2D can be divided into three steps: (1) β-cell compensatory hyperplasia and insulin hypersecretion, (2) insulin secretory dysfunction, and (3) loss of β-cell mass. Adipose tissue (AT) secretes many hormones/cytokines (adipokines) and fatty acids that can directly influence β-cell function and viability. As this secretory pattern is altered in obese and diabetic patients, it is expected that the cross-talk between AT and pancreatic β-cells could drive the maintenance of the β-cell integrity under physiological conditions and contribute to the reduction in the β-cell functional mass in a dysmetabolic state. In the current review, we summarise the evidence of the ability of the AT secretome to influence each step of β-cell failure, and attempt to draw a timeline of the alterations in the adipokine secretion pattern in the transition from obesity to T2D that reflects the progressive deterioration of the β-cell functional mass.
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7
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Kahraman S, Dirice E, Basile G, Diegisser D, Alam J, Johansson BB, Gupta MK, Hu J, Huang L, Soh CL, Huangfu D, Muthuswamy SK, Raeder H, Molven A, Kulkarni RN. Abnormal exocrine-endocrine cell cross-talk promotes β-cell dysfunction and loss in MODY8. Nat Metab 2022; 4:76-89. [PMID: 35058633 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MODY8 (maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 8) is a dominantly inherited monogenic form of diabetes associated with mutations in the carboxyl ester lipase (CEL) gene expressed by pancreatic acinar cells. MODY8 patients develop childhood-onset exocrine pancreas dysfunction followed by diabetes during adulthood. However, it is unclear how CEL mutations cause diabetes. In the present study, we report the transfer of CEL proteins from acinar cells to β-cells as a form of cross-talk between exocrine and endocrine cells. Human β-cells show a relatively higher propensity for internalizing the mutant versus the wild-type CEL protein. After internalization, the mutant protein forms stable intracellular aggregates leading to β-cell secretory dysfunction. Analysis of pancreas sections from a MODY8 patient reveals the presence of CEL protein in the few extant β-cells. The present study provides compelling evidence for the mechanism by which a mutant gene expressed specifically in acinar cells promotes dysfunction and loss of β-cells to cause diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Diegisser
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Jahedul Alam
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bente B Johansson
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ling Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chew-Li Soh
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Danwei Huangfu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Senthil K Muthuswamy
- Cancer Research Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helge Raeder
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Molven
- Gade Laboratory for Pathology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Center for Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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8
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Verdú E, Homs J, Boadas-Vaello P. Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13333. [PMID: 34948944 PMCID: PMC8705491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is associated with overweight/obesity, which involves excessive fat body accumulation, triggering structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems. Research shows that this fat accumulation is responsible for several comorbidities, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic dysfunctions, as well as pathological pain behaviors. These health concerns are related to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and body systems, leading to pathophysiological changes to the latter. To deal with these health issues, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reverse part of these obesity-related pathologies by modulating the cross talk between the adipose tissue and body systems. In this context, this review was carried out to provide knowledge about (i) the structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems from accumulation of fat in obesity, emphasizing the crosstalk between fat and body tissues; (ii) the crosstalk between fat and body tissues triggering pain; and (iii) the effects of physical exercise on body tissues and organs in obese and non-obese subjects, and their impact on pathological pain. This information may help one to better understand this crosstalk and the factors involved, and it could be useful in designing more specific training interventions (according to the nature of the comorbidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Judit Homs
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Physical Therapy, EUSES-University of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
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9
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Ooms M, Strom A, Strassburger K, Menart B, Leslie RD, Schloot NC. Increased spontaneous CCL2 (MCP-1) and CCL5 (RANTES) secretion in vitro in LADA compared to type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes: Action LADA 14. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2021; 37:e3431. [PMID: 33369072 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Immune-mediated type 1 diabetes (T1D) in adulthood and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) share similar pathological mechanisms but differ clinically in disease progression. The aim of this study was to acquire insights into spontaneous and stimulated chemokine secretion of immune cells in different diabetes types. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated in vitro spontaneous, mitogen (PI) and antigen (HSP60, p277, pGAD, pIA2) stimulated chemokine secretion of leucocytes from patients with T1D (n = 32), LADA (n = 22), type 2 diabetes (T2D; n = 49), and glucose-tolerant individuals (n = 13). Chemokine concentration in supernatants was measured for CCL2 (MCP-1), CXCL10 (IP10) and CCL5 (RANTES) using a multiplex bead array assay. RESULTS Spontaneous secretion of CCL2 and CCL5 were higher in LADA compared to T1D and T2D (all p < 0.05) while CXCL10 was similar in the groups. Mitogen-stimulated secretion of CCL2 in LADA was lower compared to T1D and T2D (all p < 0.05) while CXCL10 and CCL5 were similar in all groups. Upon stimulation with pIA2 the secretion of CCL2 in LADA was lower compared to T2D (p < 0.05). Spontaneous CXCL10 secretion in LADA was positively associated with body mass index (r2 = 0.35; p = 0.0035) and C-peptide (r2 = 0.30; p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Chemokine secretion is altered between different diabetes types. Increased spontaneous secretion of CCL2 and CCL5 and decreased secretion of CCL2, upon stimulation with PI and pIA2, in LADA compared to T1D and T2D could reflect altered immune responsiveness in LADA patients in association with their slower clinical progression compared to insulin dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ooms
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Strom
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Strassburger
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Menart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard D Leslie
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Nanette C Schloot
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
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10
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Liu M, Wang Z, Feng D, Shang Y, Li X, Liu J, Li C, Yang Z. An Insulin-Inspired Supramolecular Hydrogel for Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003599. [PMID: 34026440 PMCID: PMC8132061 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular peptide hydrogel has shown promising potential in vaccine development largely because of its ability to function both as antigen depot and immune adjuvant. Nap-GdFdFdY, a tetrapeptide hydrogel that has been previously reported to exhibit adjuvant effect, is inadvertently found to contain conserved peptide sequence for insulin, proinsulin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase, 3 major autoantigens for the autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). At present, despite being managed clinically with insulin replacement therapy, T1D remains a major health threat with rapidly increasing incidences, especially in children and young adults, and antigen-specific immune tolerance induction has been proposed as a feasible approach to prevent or delay T1D progression at an early stage. Here, it is reported that innoculation of Nap-GdFdFdY leads to complete protection of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice from T1D development till the age of 36 weeks. Better maintenance of pancreatic islet morphology with minimal immune cell infiltration is also observed from mice exposed to Nap-GdFdFdY. This beneficial impact is mainly due to its facilitative role on enhancing peripheral T regulatory cell (Treg) population, shown as increased splenic Treg percentage, and function, demonstrated by maintenance of circulating TGF-β1 level. Serum cytokine microarray data further implicate a "buffering" role of Nap-GdFdFdY on systemic inflammatory tone in NOD mice. Thus, with its versatility, applicability, and excellent potency, Nap-GdFdFdY is posited as a novel therapeutic intervention for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBiomedical Barriers Research CentreInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192P. R. China
| | - Zhongyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineeringand National Institute of Functional MaterialsNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear MedicineInstitute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192P. R. China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBiomedical Barriers Research CentreInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192P. R. China
| | - Yuna Shang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineeringand National Institute of Functional MaterialsNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineeringand National Institute of Functional MaterialsNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear MedicineInstitute of Radiation MedicineChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192P. R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical MaterialsBiomedical Barriers Research CentreInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300192P. R. China
| | - Zhimou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive MaterialsMinistry of EducationCollege of Life SciencesState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical BiologyCollaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineeringand National Institute of Functional MaterialsNankai UniversityTianjin300071P. R. China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer BiotherapyCancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouJiangsu221004P. R. China
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11
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Esakov E, Nandedkar-Kulkarni N, Al-Dieri AG, Hafner H, Gregg B, McInerney MF. Islet Dysfunction in a Novel Transgenic Model of T Cell Insulitis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040552. [PMID: 33918805 PMCID: PMC8070091 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The newly established CD3FLAG-mIR transgenic mouse model on a C57Bl/6 background has a FLAG tag on the mouse Insulin Receptor (mIR), specifically on T cells, as the FLAG-tagged mIR gene was engineered behind CD3 promoter and enhancer. The IR is a chemotactic molecule for insulin and the Flag-tagged mIR T cells in the BL/6-CD3FLAGmIR transgenic mice can migrate into the pancreas, as shown by immunofluorescent staining. While the transgenic mice do not become diabetic, there are phenotypic and metabolic changes in the islets. The transgenic islets become enlarged and disorganized by 15 weeks and those phenotypes continue out to 35 weeks of age. We examined the islets by RT-PCR for cell markers, ER stress markers, beta cell proliferation markers, and cytokines, as well as measuring serum insulin and insulin content in the pancreas at 15, 25, and 35 weeks of age. In transgenic mice, insulin in serum was increased at 15 weeks of age and glucose intolerance developed by 25 weeks of age. Passage of transgenic spleen cells into C57Bl/6 RAG−/− mice resulted in enlarged and disorganized islets with T infiltration by 4 to 5 weeks post-transfer, replicating the transgenic mouse studies. Therefore, migration of non-antigen-specific T cells into islets has ramifications for islet organization and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Esakov
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (E.E.); (N.N.-K.); (A.G.A.-D.)
| | - Neha Nandedkar-Kulkarni
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (E.E.); (N.N.-K.); (A.G.A.-D.)
| | - Ali G. Al-Dieri
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (E.E.); (N.N.-K.); (A.G.A.-D.)
| | - Hannah Hafner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Brigid Gregg
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (H.H.); (B.G.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Marcia F. McInerney
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA; (E.E.); (N.N.-K.); (A.G.A.-D.)
- Center for Diabetes and Endocrine Research, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-419-517-3638
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12
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Denroche HC, Miard S, Sallé-Lefort S, Picard F, Verchere CB. T cells accumulate in non-diabetic islets during ageing. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2021; 18:8. [PMID: 33622333 PMCID: PMC7901217 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00221-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background The resident immune population of pancreatic islets has roles in islet development, beta cell physiology, and the pathology of diabetes. These roles have largely been attributed to islet macrophages, comprising 90% of islet immune cells (in the absence of islet autoimmunity), and, in the case of type 1 diabetes, to infiltrating autoreactive T cells. In adipose, tissue-resident and recruited T and B cells have been implicated in the development of insulin resistance during diet-induced obesity and ageing, but whether this is paralleled in the pancreatic islets is not known. Here, we investigated the non-macrophage component of resident islet immune cells in islets isolated from C57BL/6 J male mice during ageing (3 to 24 months of age) and following similar weight gain achieved by 12 weeks of 60% high fat diet. Immune cells were also examined by flow cytometry in cadaveric non-diabetic human islets. Results Immune cells comprised 2.7 ± 1.3% of total islet cells in non-diabetic mouse islets, and 2.3 ± 1.7% of total islet cells in non-diabetic human islets. In 3-month old mice on standard diet, B and T cells each comprised approximately 2–4% of the total islet immune cell compartment, and approximately 0.1% of total islet cells. A similar amount of T cells were present in non-diabetic human islets. The majority of islet T cells expressed the αβ T cell receptor, and were comprised of CD8-positive, CD4-positive, and regulatory T cells, with a minor population of γδ T cells. Interestingly, the number of islet T cells increased linearly (R2 = 0.9902) with age from 0.10 ± 0.05% (3 months) to 0.38 ± 0.11% (24 months) of islet cells. This increase was uncoupled from body weight, and was not phenocopied by a degree similar weight gain induced by high fat diet in mice. Conclusions This study reveals that T cells are a part of the normal islet immune population in mouse and human islets, and accumulate in islets during ageing in a body weight-independent manner. Though comprising only a small subset of the immune cells within islets, islet T cells may play a role in the physiology of islet ageing. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-021-00221-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C Denroche
- Canucks for Kids Fund Childhood Diabetes Laboratories, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stéphanie Miard
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Frédéric Picard
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - C Bruce Verchere
- Canucks for Kids Fund Childhood Diabetes Laboratories, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. .,Departments of Surgery and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, 950 West 28th Ave, Vancouver, British Columbia, V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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13
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Faddladdeen K, Ali SS, Bahshwan S, Ayuob N. Thymoquinone Preserves Pancreatic Islets Structure Through Upregulation of Pancreatic β-Catenin in Hypothyroid Rats. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:2913-2924. [PMID: 34234489 PMCID: PMC8254558 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s317417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered status of thyroid hormones, which have a key role in regulating metabolism, was reported to affect glucose homeostasis and insulin secretion. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess the impact of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism on the pancreatic islet cells and the efficacy of thymoquinone (TQ) in alleviating this impact and explore the mechanism behind it alleviating oxidative stress and affecting β-catenin expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS PTU (6 mg/kg/body weight) was used to induce hypothyroidism in Wistar rats. Four groups of rats (n=6 each) were utilized in this study. Untreated hypothyroid and TQ-treated hypothyroid groups (50 mg/kg/body weight for 4 weeks) were included. Thyroid functions, antioxidant profile and pancreatic β-catenin and IL-10 mRNA were measured. Histopathological and immunohistochemical assessment of the pancreas was performed. RESULTS PTU administration induced a hypothyroid status that was associated with a marked disturbed oxidant/antioxidant status and a significant hyperglycemia (p<0:001), hypoinsulinemia (p=0.01) and decreased HOMA-β-cell (p<0.001). Islet cells of hypothyroid pancreas showed many degenerative changes with increased apoptosis, reduced insulin β-catenin immunoexpression. Administration of TQ alleviated these effects on the thyroid function, antioxidants, structure of pancreatic islet cells. Up-regulation of β-catenin, IL-10 and CAT gene expression in pancreatic islets after treatment with TQ supported its antioxidant and preserving β-cell function and viability mechanistic action. CONCLUSION TQ alleviated PTU-induced hypothyroidism changes in insulin homeostasis and pancreatic β cells mostly through its antioxidant effect as well as up-regulation of pancreatic β-catenin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadija Faddladdeen
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad Shaker Ali
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Safia Bahshwan
- Biology Department, College of Science and Arts in Al-Makhwah, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasra Ayuob
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
- Yousef Abdullatif Jameel, Chair of Prophetic Medical Applications (YAJCPMA), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Nasra Ayuob Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Damietta University, Damietta, EgyptTel +201066513745 Email
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14
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Spears E, Serafimidis I, Powers AC, Gavalas A. Debates in Pancreatic Beta Cell Biology: Proliferation Versus Progenitor Differentiation and Transdifferentiation in Restoring β Cell Mass. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:722250. [PMID: 34421829 PMCID: PMC8378310 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.722250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In all forms of diabetes, β cell mass or function is reduced and therefore the capacity of the pancreatic cells for regeneration or replenishment is a critical need. Diverse lines of research have shown the capacity of endocrine as well as acinar, ductal and centroacinar cells to generate new β cells. Several experimental approaches using injury models, pharmacological or genetic interventions, isolation and in vitro expansion of putative progenitors followed by transplantations or a combination thereof have suggested several pathways for β cell neogenesis or regeneration. The experimental results have also generated controversy related to the limitations and interpretation of the experimental approaches and ultimately their physiological relevance, particularly when considering differences between mouse, the primary animal model, and human. As a result, consensus is lacking regarding the relative importance of islet cell proliferation or progenitor differentiation and transdifferentiation of other pancreatic cell types in generating new β cells. In this review we summarize and evaluate recent experimental approaches and findings related to islet regeneration and address their relevance and potential clinical application in the fight against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Spears
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ioannis Serafimidis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Alvin C. Powers
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Anthony Gavalas, ; Alvin C. Powers,
| | - Anthony Gavalas
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID) of Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU Dresden, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anthony Gavalas, ; Alvin C. Powers,
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15
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Weitz J, Menegaz D, Caicedo A. Deciphering the Complex Communication Networks That Orchestrate Pancreatic Islet Function. Diabetes 2021; 70:17-26. [PMID: 33355306 PMCID: PMC7881851 DOI: 10.2337/dbi19-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic islets are clusters of hormone-secreting endocrine cells that rely on intricate cell-cell communication mechanisms for proper function. The importance of multicellular cooperation in islet cell physiology was first noted nearly 30 years ago in seminal studies showing that hormone secretion from endocrine cell types is diminished when these cells are dispersed. These studies showed that reestablishing cellular contacts in so-called pseudoislets caused endocrine cells to regain hormone secretory function. This not only demonstrated that cooperation between islet cells is highly synergistic but also gave birth to the field of pancreatic islet organoids. Here we review recent advances related to the mechanisms of islet cell cross talk. We first describe new developments that revise current notions about purinergic and GABA signaling in islets. Then we comment on novel multicellular imaging studies that are revealing emergent properties of islet communication networks. We finish by highlighting and discussing recent synthetic approaches that use islet organoids of varied cellular composition to interrogate intraislet signaling mechanisms. This reverse engineering of islets not only will shed light on the mechanisms of intraislet signaling and define communication networks but also may guide efforts aimed at restoring islet function and β-cell mass in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Weitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Danusa Menegaz
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
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16
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Nalla A, Ringholm L, Sørensen SN, Damm P, Mathiesen ER, Nielsen JH. Possible mechanisms involved in improved beta cell function in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04569. [PMID: 32904239 PMCID: PMC7452446 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is known to be associated with an increased demand for insulin that is normally compensated by an increased beta cell mass and insulin secretion. Recent studies have suggested enhanced beta cell function during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes (T1D). To explore the possible mechanisms behind enhanced beta cell function during pregnancy in women with T1D we investigated the impact of circulating factors in serum from nine women from each group of pregnant women with and without T1D, after pregnancy and non-diabetic non-pregnant women on rat islet cell proliferation and apoptosis, and on T-lymphocyte activation. In addition, circulating levels of pancreatic hormones and selected cytokines and adipokines were measured. Rat islet cell proliferation was higher in serum from pregnant women with T1D (p < 0.05) compared to T1D women after pregnancy. Apoptosis in INS-1E cell was lower (p < 0.05) in serum from pregnant women with T1D compared to T1D women after pregnancy. T-lymphocyte cell (Jurkat) proliferation was reduced by serum from pregnant women without T1D only (p < 0.05). Higher C-peptide levels and lower levels of ghrelin, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-8 and adipsin were observed in pregnant women with T1D compared to T1D women after pregnancy. In conclusion, the improved beta cell function in women with T1D during pregnancy may be due to lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines and/or higher levels of pregnancy-associated growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnadh Nalla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Corresponding author.
| | - Lene Ringholm
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Departments of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Nørskov Sørensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Damm
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Departments of Obstetrics, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Reinhardt Mathiesen
- Center for Pregnant Women with Diabetes, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Departments of Endocrinology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Høiriis Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Role of DNA-LL37 complexes in the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and monocytes in subjects with type 1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8896. [PMID: 32483133 PMCID: PMC7264208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiation of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is marked by the infiltration of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and monocytes in pancreatic islets. Dying beta cells release self-DNA, which forms complexes with antimicrobial peptide, LL37, and its delayed clearance can activate pDCs and monocytes. Here, we studied the phenotypic effects of DNA-LL37 complexes on pDCs and monocytes in 55 recently diagnosed T1D and 25 healthy control (HC) subjects. Following in vitro stimulation with DNA-LL37 complexes, T1D group demonstrated higher frequency and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of pDCs expressing IFN-α. Similarly, the monocytes in T1D group showed an increase in MFI of IFN-α. Post-stimulation, an increase in the antigen presentation and co-stimulatory ability of pDCs and monocytes was observed in T1D group, as indicated by higher expression of HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86. Upon co-culture, the stimulated monocytes and pDCs, particularly in the T1D group were able to further activate autologous CD4 + T cells, with increase in expression of CD69 and CD71. Finally, in a transwell assay, the stimulated pDCs and monocytes induced an increase in apoptosis of 1.1B4 beta cells. Additionally, we observed reduced expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in pDCs and monocytes of T1D subjects. Our results suggest that DNA-LL37 complexes activate pDCs and monocytes towards a proinflammatory phenotype during pathogenesis of T1D.
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18
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Cobo-Vuilleumier N, Gauthier BR. Time for a paradigm shift in treating type 1 diabetes mellitus: coupling inflammation to islet regeneration. Metabolism 2020; 104:154137. [PMID: 31904355 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease that targets the destruction of islet beta-cells resulting in insulin deficiency, hyperglycemia and death if untreated. Despite advances in medical devices and longer-acting insulin, there is still no robust therapy to substitute and protect beta-cells that are lost in T1DM. Attempts to refrain from the autoimmune attack have failed to achieve glycemic control in patients highlighting the necessity for a paradigm shift in T1DM treatment. Paradoxically, beta-cells are present in T1DM patients indicating a disturbed equilibrium between the immune attack and beta-cell regeneration reminiscent of unresolved wound healing that under normal circumstances progression towards an anti-inflammatory milieu promotes regeneration. Thus, the ultimate T1DM therapy should concomitantly restore immune self-tolerance and replenish the beta-cell mass similar to wound healing. Recently the agonistic activation of the nuclear receptor LRH-1/NR5A2 was shown to induce immune self-tolerance, increase beta-cell survival and promote regeneration through a mechanism of alpha-to-beta cell phenotypic switch. This trans-regeneration process appears to be facilitated by a pancreatic anti-inflammatory environment induced by LRH-1/NR5A2 activation. Herein, we review the literature on the role of LRH1/NR5A2 in immunity and islet physiology and propose that a cross-talk between these cellular compartments is mandatory to achieve therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Cobo-Vuilleumier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, Junta de Andalucia-University of Pablo de Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, 28029 Spain.
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Bulboacă AE, Boarescu PM, Bolboacă SD, Blidaru M, Feștilă D, Dogaru G, Nicula CA. Comparative Effect Of Curcumin Versus Liposomal Curcumin On Systemic Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Profile, MCP-1 And RANTES In Experimental Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:8961-8972. [PMID: 31819412 PMCID: PMC6873975 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s226790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anti-inflammatory proprieties of curcumin were proved to be useful in various diseases, including diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory comparative effect of curcumin solution with liposomal curcumin formula, regarding the improvement of serum levels of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), IL-6 (interleukin), IL-1α, IL-1β, MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and RANTES in experimental diabetes, induced by streptozotocin (STZ), in rats. Materials and methods Six groups of 7 rats were investigated regarding the effect of i.p. (intraperitoneal) administration of two concentrations of curcumin solution (CC1 and CC2) and two concentrations of liposomal curcumin (LCC1 and LCC2): group 1 – control group with i.p. administration of 1 mL saline solution, group 2 – i.p. STZ administration (60mg/kg bw, bw=body weight), group 3 – STZ+CC1 administration, group 4 – STZ+CC2 administration, group 5 – STZ+ LCC1 administration and group 6 – STZ+ LCC2 administration. The concentrations of curcumin formulas were 1 mg/0.1 kg bw for CC1 and LCC1 and 2 mg/0.1 kg bw for CC2 and LCC2, respectively. Serum levels of C-peptide (as an indicator of pancreatic function) and TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1α, IL-1β, MCP-1, and RANTES (as biomarkers for systemic inflammation) were assessed for each group. Results The plasma level of C-peptide showed significant improvements when LCC was administrated, with better results for LCC2 when compared to LCC1 (P<0.003). LCC2 pretreatment proved to be more efficient in reducing the level of TNF-α (P<0.003) and RANTES (P<0.003) than CC2 pretreatment. Upon comparing LCC2 with LCC1 formulas, the differences were significant for TNF-α (P=0.004), IL-1β (P=0.022), and RANTES (P=0.003) levels. Conclusion Liposomal curcumin in a dose of 2 mg/0.1 kg bw proved to have an optimum therapeutic effect as a pretreatment in DM induced by STZ. This result can constitute a base for clinical studies for curcumin efficiency as adjuvant therapy in type 1 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Elena Bulboacă
- Pathophysiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Mihai Boarescu
- Pathophysiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Sorana D Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine And Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihai Blidaru
- Pathophysiology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dana Feștilă
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela Dogaru
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Ariadna Nicula
- Department of Ophthalmology, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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20
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De Jesus DF, Zhang Z, Kahraman S, Brown NK, Chen M, Hu J, Gupta MK, He C, Kulkarni RN. m 6A mRNA Methylation Regulates Human β-Cell Biology in Physiological States and in Type 2 Diabetes. Nat Metab 2019; 1:765-774. [PMID: 31867565 PMCID: PMC6924515 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0089-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of islet cell biology is critical for glucose homeostasis1.N6 -methyladenosine (m6A) is the most abundant internal messenger RNA (mRNA) modification in mammals2. Here we report that the m6A landscape segregates human type 2 diabetes (T2D) islets from controls significantly better than the transcriptome and that m6A is vital for β-cell biology. m6A-sequencing in human T2D islets reveals several hypomethylated transcripts involved in cell-cycle progression, insulin secretion, and the Insulin/IGF1-AKT-PDX1 pathway. Depletion of m6A levels in EndoC-βH1 induces cell-cycle arrest and impairs insulin secretion by decreasing AKT phosphorylation and PDX1 protein levels. β-cell specific Mettl14 knock-out mice, which display reduced m6A levels, mimic the islet phenotype in human T2D with early diabetes onset and mortality due to decreased β-cell proliferation and insulin degranulation. Our data underscore the significance of RNA methylation in regulating human β-cell biology, and provide a rationale for potential therapeutic targeting of m6A modulators to preserve β-cell survival and function in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario F De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Natalie K Brown
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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21
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Macdougall CE, Wood EG, Solomou A, Scagliotti V, Taketo MM, Gaston-Massuet C, Marelli-Berg FM, Charalambous M, Longhi MP. Constitutive Activation of β-Catenin in Conventional Dendritic Cells Increases the Insulin Reserve to Ameliorate the Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Mice. Diabetes 2019; 68:1473-1484. [PMID: 31048369 DOI: 10.2337/db18-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
β-Cell failure is central to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Dysregulation of metabolic and inflammatory processes during obesity contributes to the loss of islet function and impaired β-cell insulin secretion. Modulating the immune system, therefore, has the potential to ameliorate diseases. We report that inducing sustained expression of β-catenin in conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) provides a novel mechanism to enhance β-cell insulin secretion. Intriguingly, cDCs with constitutively activated β-catenin induced islet expansion by increasing β-cell proliferation in a model of diet-induced obesity. We further found that inflammation in these islets was reduced. Combined, these effects improved β-cell insulin secretion, suggesting a unique compensatory mechanism driven by cDCs to generate a greater insulin reserve in response to obesity-induced insulin resistance. Our findings highlight the potential of immune modulation to improve β-cell mass and function in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Macdougall
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Elizabeth G Wood
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Antonia Solomou
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guys Hospital, London, U.K
| | - Valeria Scagliotti
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guys Hospital, London, U.K
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Carles Gaston-Massuet
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Federica M Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Marika Charalambous
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, Guys Hospital, London, U.K
| | - M Paula Longhi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K.
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pancreatic β-cells play a critical role in whole-body glucose homeostasis by regulating the release of insulin in response to minute by minute alterations in metabolic demand. As such, β-cells are staunchly resilient but there are circumstances where they can become functionally compromised or physically lost due to pathophysiological changes which culminate in overt hyperglycemia and diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS In humans, β-cell mass appears to be largely defined in the postnatal period and this early replicative and generative phase is followed by a refractory state which persists throughout life. Despite this, efforts to identify physiological and pharmacological factors which might re-initiate β-cell replication (or cause the replenishment of β-cells by neogenesis or transdifferentiation) are beginning to bear fruit. Controlled manipulation of β-cell mass in humans still represents a holy grail for therapeutic intervention in diabetes, but progress is being made which may lead to ultimate success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Noel G. Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
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23
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Ji Y, Sun S, Shrestha N, Darragh LB, Shirakawa J, Xing Y, He Y, Carboneau BA, Kim H, An D, Ma M, Oberholzer J, Soleimanpour SA, Gannon M, Liu C, Naji A, Kulkarni RN, Wang Y, Kersten S, Qi L. Toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 block the replication of pancreatic β cells in diet-induced obesity. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:677-686. [PMID: 31110312 PMCID: PMC6531334 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of a high-energy Western diet triggers mild adaptive β cell proliferation to compensate for peripheral insulin resistance; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In the present study we show that the toll-like receptors TLR2 and TLR4 inhibited the diet-induced replication of β cells in mice and humans. The combined, but not the individual, loss of TLR2 and TLR4 increased the replication of β cells, but not that of α cells, leading to enlarged β cell area and hyperinsulinemia in diet-induced obesity. Loss of TLR2 and TLR4 increased the nuclear abundance of the cell cycle regulators cyclin D2 and Cdk4 in a manner dependent on the signaling mediator Erk. These data reveal a regulatory mechanism controlling the proliferation of β cells in diet-induced obesity and suggest that selective targeting of the TLR2/TLR4 pathways may reverse β cell failure in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewei Ji
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Shengyi Sun
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Neha Shrestha
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laurel B Darragh
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Xing
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yi He
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bethany A Carboneau
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hana Kim
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- XBiotech USA, Inc., Austin, TX, USA
| | - Duo An
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Minglin Ma
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jose Oberholzer
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Scott A Soleimanpour
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chengyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Nutrition Metabolism and Genomics group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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24
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Alavi SE, Cabot PJ, Moyle PM. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists and Strategies To Improve Their Efficiency. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2278-2295. [PMID: 31050435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in global prevalence and is associated with serious health problems (e.g., cardiovascular disease). Various treatment options are available for T2DM, including the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 is a therapeutic peptide secreted from the intestines following food intake, which stimulates the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. The native GLP-1 has a very short plasma half-life, owning to renal clearance and degradation by the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase-4. To overcome this issue, various GLP-1 agonists with increased resistance to proteolytic degradation and reduced renal clearance have been developed, with several currently marketed. Strategies, such as controlled release delivery systems, methods to reduce renal clearance (e.g., PEGylation and conjugation to antibodies), and methods to improve proteolytic stability (e.g., stapling, cyclization, and glycosylation) provide means to further improve the ability of GLP-1 analogs. These will be discussed in this literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ebrahim Alavi
- School of Pharmacy , The University of Queensland , Woolloongabba , 4102 , Australia
| | - Peter J Cabot
- School of Pharmacy , The University of Queensland , Woolloongabba , 4102 , Australia
| | - Peter M Moyle
- School of Pharmacy , The University of Queensland , Woolloongabba , 4102 , Australia
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25
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Dirice E, Kahraman S, De Jesus DF, El Ouaamari A, Basile G, Baker RL, Yigit B, Piehowski PD, Kim MJ, Dwyer AJ, Ng RWS, Schuster C, Vethe H, Martinov T, Ishikawa Y, Teo AKK, Smith RD, Hu J, Haskins K, Serwold T, Qian WJ, Fife BT, Kissler S, Kulkarni RN. Increased β-cell proliferation before immune cell invasion prevents progression of type 1 diabetes. Nat Metab 2019; 1:509-518. [PMID: 31423480 PMCID: PMC6696912 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-019-0061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by pancreatic islet infiltration by autoreactive immune cells and a near-total loss of β-cells1. Restoration of insulin-producing β-cells coupled with immunomodulation to suppress the autoimmune attack has emerged as a potential approach to counter T1D2-4. Here we report that enhancing β-cell mass early in life, in two models of female NOD mice, results in immunomodulation of T-cells, reduced islet infiltration and lower β-cell apoptosis, that together protect them from developing T1D. The animals displayed altered β-cell antigens, and islet transplantation studies showed prolonged graft survival in the NOD-LIRKO model. Adoptive transfer of splenocytes from the NOD-LIRKOs prevented development of diabetes in pre-diabetic NOD mice. A significant increase in the splenic CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T-cell (Treg) population was observed to underlie the protected phenotype since Treg depletion rendered NOD-LIRKO mice diabetic. The increase in Tregs coupled with activation of TGF-β/SMAD3 signaling pathway in pathogenic T-cells favored reduced ability to kill β-cells. These data support a previously unidentified observation that initiating β-cell proliferation, alone, prior to islet infiltration by immune cells alters the identity of β-cells, decreases pathologic self-reactivity of effector cells and increases Tregs to prevent progression of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dario F. De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology
(GABBA), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto,
Portugal
| | - Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giorgio Basile
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rocky L. Baker
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of
Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Burcu Yigit
- Division of Immunology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical
Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul D. Piehowski
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Kim
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Alexander J. Dwyer
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department
of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Raymond W. S. Ng
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Heidrun Vethe
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tijana Martinov
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department
of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Yuki Ishikawa
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Adrian Kee Keong Teo
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D. Smith
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Haskins
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of
Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Serwold
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Brian T. Fife
- University of Minnesota, Center for Immunology, Department
of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Stephan Kissler
- Section for Immunobiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston,
MA, USA
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes
Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s
Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Zhong F, Jiang Y. Endogenous Pancreatic β Cell Regeneration: A Potential Strategy for the Recovery of β Cell Deficiency in Diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:101. [PMID: 30842756 PMCID: PMC6391341 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous pancreatic β cell regeneration is a potential strategy for β cell expansion or neogenesis to treat diabetes. Regeneration can occur through stimulation of existing β cell replication or conversion of other pancreatic cells into β cells. Recently, various strategies and approaches for stimulation of endogenous β cell regeneration have been evaluated, but they were not suitable for clinical application. In this paper, we comprehensively review these strategies, and further discuss various factors involved in regulation of β cell regeneration under physiological or pathological conditions, such as mediators, transcription factors, signaling pathways, and potential pharmaceutical drugs. Furthermore, we discuss possible reasons for the failure of regenerative medicines in clinical trials, and possible strategies for improving β cell regeneration. As β cell heterogeneity and plasticity determines their function and environmental adaptability, we focus on β cell subtype markers and discuss the importance of research evaluating the characteristics of new β cells. In addition, based on the autoimmunologic features of type 1 diabetes, NOD/Lt-SCID-IL2rg null (NSG) mice grafted with human immune cells and β cells are recommended for use in evaluation of antidiabetic regenerative medicines. This review will further understand current advances in endogenous β cell regeneration, and provide potential new strategies for the treatment of diabetes focused on cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Songjiang Hospital Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences of Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Okano S, Yasui A, Kanno SI, Satoh K, Igarashi M, Nakajima O. Karyopherin Alpha 2-Expressing Pancreatic Duct Glands and Intra-Islet Ducts in Aged Diabetic C414A-Mutant-CRY1 Transgenic Mice. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:7234549. [PMID: 31179341 PMCID: PMC6507265 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7234549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our earlier studies demonstrated that cysteine414- (zinc-binding site of mCRY1-) alanine mutant mCRY1 transgenic mice (Tg mice) exhibit diabetes characterized by the reduction of β-cell proliferation and by β-cell dysfunction, presumably caused by senescence-associated secretory phenotype- (SASP-) like characters of islets. Earlier studies also showed that atypical duct-like structures in the pancreas developed age-dependently in Tg mice. Numerous reports have described that karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2) is highly expressed in cancers of different kinds. However, details of the expression of KPNA2 in pancreatic ductal atypia and in normal pancreatic tissues remain unclear. To assess the feature of the expression of KPNA2 in the development of the ductal atypia and islet architectures, we scrutinized the pancreas of Tg mice histopathologically. Results showed that considerable expression of KPNA2 was observed in pancreatic β-cells, suggesting its importance in maintaining the functions of β-cells. In mature stages, the level of KPNA2 expression was lower in islets of Tg mice than in wild-type controls. At 4 weeks, the expression levels of KPNA2 in islets of Tg mice were the same as those in wild-type controls. These results suggest that the reduction of KPNA2 might contribute to β-cell dysfunction in mature Tg mice. Additionally, the formation of mucin-producing intra-islet ducts, islet fibrosis, and massive T cell recruitment to the islet occurred in aged Tg mice. In exocrine areas, primary pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs) with mucinous pancreatic duct glands (PDGs) emerged in aged Tg mice. High expression of KPNA2 was observed in the ductal atypia. By contrast, KPNA2 expression in normal ducts was quite low. Thus, upregulation of KPNA2 seemed to be correlated with progression of the degree of atypia in pancreatic ductal cells. The SASP-like microenvironment inside islets might play stimulatory roles in the formation of ductal metaplasia inside islets and in islet fibrosis in Tg mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okano
- Research Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics, Innovative Medical Science Research, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Akira Yasui
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Kanno
- Division of Dynamic Proteome in Cancer and Aging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Kennichi Satoh
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8512, Japan
| | - Masahiko Igarashi
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Yamagata City Hospital Saiseikan, Yamagata 990-8533, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakajima
- Research Center for Molecular Genetics, Institute for Promotion of Medical Science Research, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
- Department of Functional Genomics, Innovative Medical Science Research, Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
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28
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Seferovic MD, Beamish CA, Mosser RE, Townsend SE, Pappan K, Poitout V, Aagaard KM, Gannon M. Increases in bioactive lipids accompany early metabolic changes associated with β-cell expansion in response to short-term high-fat diet. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E1251-E1263. [PMID: 30106624 PMCID: PMC6336958 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00001.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell expansion is a highly regulated metabolic adaptation to increased somatic demands, including obesity and pregnancy; adult β cells otherwise rarely proliferate. We previously showed that high-fat diet (HFD) feeding induces mouse β-cell proliferation in less than 1 wk in the absence of insulin resistance. Here we metabolically profiled tissues from a short-term HFD β-cell expansion mouse model to identify pathways and metabolite changes associated with β-cell proliferation. Mice fed HFD vs. chow diet (CD) showed a 14.3% increase in body weight after 7 days; β-cell proliferation increased 1.75-fold without insulin resistance. Plasma from 1-wk HFD-fed mice induced β-cell proliferation ex vivo. The plasma, as well as liver, skeletal muscle, and bone, were assessed by LC and GC mass-spectrometry for global metabolite changes. Of the 1,283 metabolites detected, 159 showed significant changes [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.1]. The majority of changes were in liver and muscle. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed key metabolic changes in steroid synthesis and lipid metabolism, including free fatty acids and other bioactive lipids. Other important enrichments included changes in the citric acid cycle and 1-carbon metabolism pathways implicated in DNA methylation. Although the minority of changes were observed in bone and plasma (<20), increased p-cresol sulfate was increased >4 fold in plasma (the largest increase in all tissues), and pantothenate (vitamin B5) decreased >2-fold. The results suggest that HFD-mediated β-cell expansion is associated with complex, global metabolite changes. The finding could be a significant insight into Type 2 diabetes pathogenesis and potential novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim D Seferovic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Christine A Beamish
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital Research Institute , Houston, Texas
| | - Rockann E Mosser
- Department of Veterans Affairs , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Shannon E Townsend
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
| | | | | | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston, Texas
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Veterans Affairs , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University , Nashville, Tennessee
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29
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LRH-1 agonism favours an immune-islet dialogue which protects against diabetes mellitus. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1488. [PMID: 29662071 PMCID: PMC5902555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is due to the selective destruction of islet beta cells by immune cells. Current therapies focused on repressing the immune attack or stimulating beta cell regeneration still have limited clinical efficacy. Therefore, it is timely to identify innovative targets to dampen the immune process, while promoting beta cell survival and function. Liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1) is a nuclear receptor that represses inflammation in digestive organs, and protects pancreatic islets against apoptosis. Here, we show that BL001, a small LRH-1 agonist, impedes hyperglycemia progression and the immune-dependent inflammation of pancreas in murine models of T1DM, and beta cell apoptosis in islets of type 2 diabetic patients, while increasing beta cell mass and insulin secretion. Thus, we suggest that LRH-1 agonism favors a dialogue between immune and islet cells, which could be druggable to protect against diabetes mellitus. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is characterized by beta cell loss because of an autoimmune attack. Here the authors show that an agonist for LRH-1/NR5A2, a nuclear receptor known to be protective against beta cell apoptosis, inhibits immune-mediated inflammation and hyperglycemia in T1DM mouse models.
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30
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Suganya N, Mani KP, Sireesh D, Rajaguru P, Vairamani M, Suresh T, Suzuki T, Chatterjee S, Ramkumar KM. Establishment of pancreatic microenvironment model of ER stress: Quercetin attenuates β-cell apoptosis by invoking nitric oxide-cGMP signaling in endothelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 55:142-156. [PMID: 29455095 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in endothelial dysfunction and diabetes-associated complications has been well documented. Inhibition of ER stress represents a promising therapeutic strategy to attenuate endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Recent attention has focused on the development of small molecule inhibitors of ER stress to maintain endothelial homeostasis in diabetes. Here we have developed a reliable, robust co-culture system that allows a study on the endothelial cells and pancreatic β-cells crosstalk under ER stress and validated using a known ER stress modulator, quercetin. Furthermore, sensitizing of endothelial cells by quercetin (25 μM) confers protection of pancreatic β-cells against ER stress through nitric oxide (NO∙) signaling. In addition, increased intracellular insulin and NO∙-mediated cyclic 3',5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in pancreatic β-cells further confirmed the mechanism of protection under co-culture system. In addition, the potential protein targets of quercetin against ER stress in the endothelial cells were investigated through proteomic profiling and its phosphoprotein targets through Bioplex analysis. On the whole, the developed in vitro co-culture set up can serve as a platform to study the signaling network between the endothelial and pancreatic β-cells as well as provides a mechanistic insight for the validation of novel ER stress modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natarajan Suganya
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603 203, India
| | - Krishna Priya Mani
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai - 600 044, India
| | - Dornadula Sireesh
- SRM Research Institute, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai - 603 203, India
| | - Palanisamy Rajaguru
- Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, India
| | | | - Thiruppathi Suresh
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suvro Chatterjee
- Vascular Biology Lab, AU-KBC Research Centre, Anna University, Chromepet, Chennai - 600 044, India; Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, India
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31
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Glicksman M, Asthana A, Abel BS, Walter MF, Skarulis MC, Muniyappa R. Plasma serpinB1 is related to insulin sensitivity but not pancreatic β-Cell function in non-diabetic adults. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/5/e13193. [PMID: 28292880 PMCID: PMC5350189 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction because of reduced β‐cell mass and function is a primary determinant in the progression of diabetes. Increase in β‐cell mass and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia is frequently associated with insulin‐resistant states. Although the humoral factors mediating this compensatory response are unknown, serpinB1, a protease inhibitor, has recently been proposed to be one such factor. In this study, we examine the relationships between plasma serpinB1, insulin sensitivity, and pancreatic β‐cell function in non‐diabetic individuals. 117 subjects (women, n = 50, men, n = 67; age= 37.6 ± 10.8; BMI=31.1 ± 7.7 kg/m2) underwent an insulin‐modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT) at the NIH Clinical Research Center. Acute insulin response (AIR) and insulin sensitivity index (SI) were obtained from the FSIVGTT with MINMOD analysis. The Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI) was calculated from fasting insulin and glucose values. Plasma serpinB1 levels were measured using an ELISA assay. Simple linear correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between serpinB1 and measures of insulin sensitivity and β‐cell function. Circulating serpinB1 levels were unrelated to age, sex, race, BMI, or percent body fat. SI but not AIR significantly correlated with circulating serpinB1 levels (r = 0.23, P < 0.05). QUICKI tended to positively correlate with serpinB1 (r = 0.16, P = 0.09). Circulating serpinB1 is directly associated with insulin sensitivity but not β‐cell function in non‐diabetic adults. Whether this modest association plays a role in insulin sensitivity in humans remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Glicksman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Asha Asthana
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brent S Abel
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mary F Walter
- Clinical Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Monica C Skarulis
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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32
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Pierini A, Iliopoulou BP, Peiris H, Pérez-Cruz M, Baker J, Hsu K, Gu X, Zheng PP, Erkers T, Tang SW, Strober W, Alvarez M, Ring A, Velardi A, Negrin RS, Kim SK, Meyer EH. T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptor promote immune tolerance. JCI Insight 2017; 2:92865. [PMID: 29046484 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.92865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapies based on permanent genetic modification of conventional T cells have emerged as a promising strategy for cancer. However, it remains unknown if modification of T cell subsets, such as Tregs, could be useful in other settings, such as allograft transplantation. Here, we use a modular system based on a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that binds covalently modified mAbs to control Treg activation in vivo. Transient expression of this mAb-directed CAR (mAbCAR) in Tregs permitted Treg targeting to specific tissue sites and mitigated allograft responses, such as graft-versus-host disease. mAbCAR Tregs targeted to MHC class I proteins on allografts prolonged islet allograft survival and also prolonged the survival of secondary skin grafts specifically matched to the original islet allograft. Thus, transient genetic modification to produce mAbCAR T cells led to durable immune modulation, suggesting therapeutic targeting strategies for controlling alloreactivity in settings such as organ or tissue transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Pierini
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bettina P Iliopoulou
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Heshan Peiris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Magdiel Pérez-Cruz
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jeanette Baker
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Katie Hsu
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Xueying Gu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ping-Ping Zheng
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Tom Erkers
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sai-Wen Tang
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - William Strober
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Maite Alvarez
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Aaron Ring
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andrea Velardi
- Department of Medicine, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Program, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Robert S Negrin
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Everett H Meyer
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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33
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Wang H, Bender A, Wang P, Karakose E, Inabnet WB, Libutti SK, Arnold A, Lambertini L, Stang M, Chen H, Kasai Y, Mahajan M, Kinoshita Y, Fernandez-Ranvier G, Becker TC, Takane KK, Walker LA, Saul S, Chen R, Scott DK, Ferrer J, Antipin Y, Donovan M, Uzilov AV, Reva B, Schadt EE, Losic B, Argmann C, Stewart AF. Insights into beta cell regeneration for diabetes via integration of molecular landscapes in human insulinomas. Nat Commun 2017; 8:767. [PMID: 28974674 PMCID: PMC5626682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although diabetes results in part from a deficiency of normal pancreatic beta cells, inducing human beta cells to regenerate is difficult. Reasoning that insulinomas hold the “genomic recipe” for beta cell expansion, we surveyed 38 human insulinomas to obtain insights into therapeutic pathways for beta cell regeneration. An integrative analysis of whole-exome and RNA-sequencing data was employed to extensively characterize the genomic and molecular landscape of insulinomas relative to normal beta cells. Here, we show at the pathway level that the majority of the insulinomas display mutations, copy number variants and/or dysregulation of epigenetic modifying genes, most prominently in the polycomb and trithorax families. Importantly, these processes are coupled to co-expression network modules associated with cell proliferation, revealing candidates for inducing beta cell regeneration. Validation of key computational predictions supports the concept that understanding the molecular complexity of insulinoma may be a valuable approach to diabetes drug discovery. Diabetes results in part from a deficiency of functional pancreatic beta cells. Here, the authors study the genomic and epigenetic landscapes of human insulinomas to gain insight into possible pathways for therapeutic beta cell regeneration, highlighting epigenetic genes and pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- The Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Graduate School, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Aaron Bender
- The Graduate School, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,The Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- The Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Esra Karakose
- The Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - William B Inabnet
- The Department of Surgery, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Steven K Libutti
- The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Andrew Arnold
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Luca Lambertini
- The Departments of Environmental Medicine and Public Health and Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Micheal Stang
- The Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- The Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Yumi Kasai
- The New York Genome Center, New York, NY, 10013, USA
| | - Milind Mahajan
- The Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Yayoi Kinoshita
- The Department of Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | | | - Thomas C Becker
- The Sarah W. Stedman Center for Nutrition and Metabolism, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Karen K Takane
- The Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Laura A Walker
- The Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Shira Saul
- The Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Rong Chen
- The Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Donald K Scott
- The Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Jorge Ferrer
- The Department of Genetics in Medicine, Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Yevgeniy Antipin
- The Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Michael Donovan
- The Department of Pathology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andrew V Uzilov
- The Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Boris Reva
- The Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- The Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.,Sema4, a Mount Sinai venture, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Bojan Losic
- The Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- The Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences and The Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- The Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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Dirice E, Ng RWS, Martinez R, Hu J, Wagner FF, Holson EB, Wagner BK, Kulkarni RN. Isoform-selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) limits pancreatic islet infiltration and protects female nonobese diabetic mice from diabetes. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:17598-17608. [PMID: 28860191 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.804328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preservation of insulin-secreting β-cells is an important goal for therapies aimed at restoring normoglycemia in patients with diabetes. One approach, the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs), has been reported to suppress pancreatic islet inflammation and β-cell apoptosis in vitro In this report, we demonstrate the efficacy of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) in vivo We show that daily administration of BRD3308, an isoform-selective HDAC3 inhibitor, for 2 weeks to female nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, beginning at 3 weeks of age, followed by twice-weekly injections until age 25 weeks, protects the animals from diabetes. The preservation of β-cells was because of a significant decrease in islet infiltration of mononuclear cells. Moreover, the BRD3308 treatment increased basal insulin secretion from islets cultured in vitro All metabolic tissues tested in vehicle- or BRD3308-treated groups showed virtually no sign of immune cell infiltration, except minimal infiltration in white adipose tissue in animals treated with the highest BRD3308 dose (10 mg/kg), providing additional evidence of protection from immune attack in the treated groups. Furthermore, pancreata from animals treated with 10 mg/kg BRD3308 exhibited significantly decreased numbers of apoptotic β-cells compared with those treated with vehicle or low-dose BRD3308. Finally, animals treated with 1 or 10 mg/kg BRD3308 had enhanced β-cell proliferation. These in vivo results point to the potential use of selective HDAC3 inhibitors as a therapeutic approach to suppress pancreatic islet infiltration and prevent β-cell death with the long-term goal of limiting the progression of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercument Dirice
- From the Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Raymond W S Ng
- From the Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Rachael Martinez
- From the Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Jiang Hu
- From the Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | | | - Edward B Holson
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Chemical Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142,
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- From the Department of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, .,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, and.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston Massachusetts 02215
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35
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Buchwald P, Tamayo-Garcia A, Ramamoorthy S, Garcia-Contreras M, Mendez AJ, Ricordi C. Comprehensive Metabolomics Study To Assess Longitudinal Biochemical Changes and Potential Early Biomarkers in Nonobese Diabetic Mice That Progress to Diabetes. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3873-3890. [PMID: 28799767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A global nontargeted longitudinal metabolomics study was carried out in male and female NOD mice to characterize the time-profile of the changes in the metabolic signature caused by onset of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and identify possible early biomarkers in T1D progressors. Metabolomics profiling of samples collected at five different time-points identified 676 and 706 biochemicals in blood and feces, respectively. Several metabolites were expressed at significantly different levels in progressors at all time-points, and their proportion increased strongly following onset of hyperglycemia. At the last time-point, when all progressors were diabetic, a large percentage of metabolites had significantly different levels: 57.8% in blood and 27.8% in feces. Metabolic pathways most strongly affected included the carbohydrate, lipid, branched-chain amino acid, and oxidative ones. Several biochemicals showed considerable (>4×) change. Maltose, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and kojibiose increased, while 1,5-anhydroglucitol decreased more than 10-fold. At the earliest time-point (6-week), differences between the metabolic signatures of progressors and nonprogressors were relatively modest. Nevertheless, several compounds had significantly different levels and show promise as possible early T1D biomarkers. They include fatty acid phosphocholine derivatives from the phosphatidylcholine subpathway (elevated in both blood and feces) as well as serotonin, ribose, and arabinose (increased) in blood plus 13-HODE, tocopherol (increased), diaminopimelate, valerate, hydroxymethylpyrimidine, and dulcitol (decreased) in feces. A combined metabolic signature based on these compounds might serve as an early predictor of T1D-progressors.
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36
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Fibroblasts accelerate islet revascularization and improve long-term graft survival in a mouse model of subcutaneous islet transplantation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180695. [PMID: 28672010 PMCID: PMC5495486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation has been considered for many years a promising therapy for beta-cell replacement in patients with type-1 diabetes despite that long-term clinical results are not as satisfactory. This fact points to the necessity of designing strategies to improve and accelerate islets engraftment, paying special attention to events assuring their revascularization. Fibroblasts constitute a cell population that collaborates on tissue homeostasis, keeping the equilibrium between production and degradation of structural components as well as maintaining the required amount of survival factors. Our group has developed a model for subcutaneous islet transplantation using a plasma-based scaffold containing fibroblasts as accessory cells that allowed achieving glycemic control in diabetic mice. Transplanted tissue engraftment is critical during the first days after transplantation, thus we have gone in depth into the graft-supporting role of fibroblasts during the first ten days after islet transplantation. All mice transplanted with islets embedded in the plasma-based scaffold reversed hyperglycemia, although long-term glycemic control was maintained only in the group transplanted with the fibroblasts-containing scaffold. By gene expression analysis and histology examination during the first days we could conclude that these differences might be explained by overexpression of genes involved in vessel development as well as in β-cell regeneration that were detected when fibroblasts were present in the graft. Furthermore, fibroblasts presence correlated with a faster graft re-vascularization, a higher insulin-positive area and a lower cell death. Therefore, this work underlines the importance of fibroblasts as accessory cells in islet transplantation, and suggests its possible use in other graft-supporting strategies.
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37
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Shirakawa J, De Jesus DF, Kulkarni RN. Exploring inter-organ crosstalk to uncover mechanisms that regulate β-cell function and mass. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:896-903. [PMID: 28294170 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired β-cell function and insufficient β-cell mass compensation are twin pathogenic features that underlie type 2 diabetes (T2D). Current therapeutic strategies continue to evolve to improve treatment outcomes in different ethnic populations and include approaches to counter insulin resistance and improve β-cell function. Although the effects of insulin secretion on metabolic organs such as liver, skeletal muscle and adipose is directly relevant for improving glucose uptake and reduce hyperglycemia, the ability of pancreatic β-cells to crosstalk with multiple non-metabolic tissues is providing novel insights into potential opportunities for improving β-cell function and/or mass that could have beneficial effects in patients with diabetes. For example, the role of the gastrointestinal system in the regulation of β-cell biology is well recognized and has been exploited clinically to develop incretin-related antidiabetic agents. The microbiome and the immune system are emerging as important players in regulating β-cell function and mass. The rich innervation of islet cells indicates it is a prime organ for regulation by the nervous system. In this review, we discuss the potential implications of signals from these organ systems as well as those from bone, placenta, kidney, thyroid, endothelial cells, reproductive organs and adrenal and pituitary glands that can directly impact β-cell biology. An added layer of complexity is the limited data regarding the relative relevance of one or more of these systems in different ethnic populations. It is evident that better understanding of this paradigm would provide clues to enhance β-cell function and/or mass in vivo in the long-term goal of treating or curing patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shirakawa
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D F De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - R N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Cheng CW, Villani V, Buono R, Wei M, Kumar S, Yilmaz OH, Cohen P, Sneddon JB, Perin L, Longo VD. Fasting-Mimicking Diet Promotes Ngn3-Driven β-Cell Regeneration to Reverse Diabetes. Cell 2017; 168:775-788.e12. [PMID: 28235195 PMCID: PMC5357144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapies can potentially reverse organ dysfunction and diseases, but the removal of impaired tissue and activation of a program leading to organ regeneration pose major challenges. In mice, a 4-day fasting mimicking diet (FMD) induces a stepwise expression of Sox17 and Pdx-1, followed by Ngn3-driven generation of insulin-producing β cells, resembling that observed during pancreatic development. FMD cycles restore insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in both type 2 and type 1 diabetes mouse models. In human type 1 diabetes pancreatic islets, fasting conditions reduce PKA and mTOR activity and induce Sox2 and Ngn3 expression and insulin production. The effects of the FMD are reversed by IGF-1 treatment and recapitulated by PKA and mTOR inhibition. These results indicate that a FMD promotes the reprogramming of pancreatic cells to restore insulin generation in islets from T1D patients and reverse both T1D and T2D phenotypes in mouse models. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Wei Cheng
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Koch Institute at MIT, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Valentina Villani
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Roberta Buono
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; IFOM FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Omer H Yilmaz
- Koch Institute at MIT, 500 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
| | - Julie B Sneddon
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Laura Perin
- GOFARR Laboratory for Organ Regenerative Research and Cell Therapeutics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Division of Urology, Saban Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Valter D Longo
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at USC, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA; IFOM FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Via Adamello 16, Milan 20139, Italy.
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Wedgwood KCA, Richardson SJ, Morgan NG, Tsaneva-Atanasova K. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Insulitis in Human Type 1 Diabetes. Front Physiol 2016; 7:633. [PMID: 28082906 PMCID: PMC5186767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an auto-immune disease characterized by the selective destruction of the insulin secreting beta cells in the pancreas during an inflammatory phase known as insulitis. Patients with T1D are typically dependent on the administration of externally provided insulin in order to manage blood glucose levels. Whilst technological developments have significantly improved both the life expectancy and quality of life of these patients, an understanding of the mechanisms of the disease remains elusive. Animal models, such as the NOD mouse model, have been widely used to probe the process of insulitis, but there exist very few data from humans studied at disease onset. In this manuscript, we employ data from human pancreases collected close to the onset of T1D and propose a spatio-temporal computational model for the progression of insulitis in human T1D, with particular focus on the mechanisms underlying the development of insulitis in pancreatic islets. This framework allows us to investigate how the time-course of insulitis progression is affected by altering key parameters, such as the number of the CD20+ B cells present in the inflammatory infiltrate, which has recently been proposed to influence the aggressiveness of the disease. Through the analysis of repeated simulations of our stochastic model, which track the number of beta cells within an islet, we find that increased numbers of B cells in the peri-islet space lead to faster destruction of the beta cells. We also find that the balance between the degradation and repair of the basement membrane surrounding the islet is a critical component in governing the overall destruction rate of the beta cells and their remaining number. Our model provides a framework for continued and improved spatio-temporal modeling of human T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle C. A. Wedgwood
- Centre for Biomedical Modelling and Analysis, University of ExeterExeter, UK
| | | | - Noel G. Morgan
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of ExeterExeter, UK
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- College for Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of ExeterExeter, UK
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Centre for Predictive Modelling in Healthcare, University of ExeterExeter, UK
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40
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Shirakawa J, Kulkarni RN. Novel factors modulating human β-cell proliferation. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18 Suppl 1:71-7. [PMID: 27615134 PMCID: PMC5021183 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
β-Cell dysfunction in type 1 and type 2 diabetes is accompanied by a progressive loss of β-cells, and an understanding of the cellular mechanism(s) that regulate β-cell mass will enable approaches to enhance hormone secretion. It is becoming increasingly recognized that enhancement of human β-cell proliferation is one potential approach to restore β-cell mass to prevent and/or cure type 1 and type 2 diabetes. While several reports describe the factor(s) that enhance β-cell replication in animal models or cell lines, promoting effective human β-cell proliferation continues to be a challenge in the field. In this review, we discuss recent studies reporting successful human β-cell proliferation including WS6, an IkB kinase and EBP1 inhibitor; harmine and 5-IT, both DYRK1A inhibitors; GNF7156 and GNF4877, GSK-3β and DYRK1A inhibitors; osteoprotegrin and Denosmab, receptor activator of NF-kB (RANK) inhibitors; and SerpinB1, a protease inhibitor. These studies provide important examples of proteins and pathways that may prove useful for designing therapeutic strategies to counter the different forms of human diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shirakawa
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Dirice E, Walpita D, Vetere A, Meier BC, Kahraman S, Hu J, Dančík V, Burns SM, Gilbert TJ, Olson DE, Clemons PA, Kulkarni RN, Wagner BK. Inhibition of DYRK1A Stimulates Human β-Cell Proliferation. Diabetes 2016; 65:1660-71. [PMID: 26953159 PMCID: PMC4878416 DOI: 10.2337/db15-1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Restoring functional β-cell mass is an important therapeutic goal for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (1). While proliferation of existing β-cells is the primary means of β-cell replacement in rodents (2), it is unclear whether a similar principle applies to humans, as human β-cells are remarkably resistant to stimulation of division (3,4). Here, we show that 5-iodotubercidin (5-IT), an annotated adenosine kinase inhibitor previously reported to increase proliferation in rodent and porcine islets (5), strongly and selectively increases human β-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, 5-IT also increased glucose-dependent insulin secretion after prolonged treatment. Kinome profiling revealed 5-IT to be a potent and selective inhibitor of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) and cell division cycle-like kinase families. Induction of β-cell proliferation by either 5-IT or harmine, another natural product DYRK1A inhibitor, was suppressed by coincubation with the calcineurin inhibitor FK506, suggesting involvement of DYRK1A and nuclear factor of activated T cells signaling. Gene expression profiling in whole islets treated with 5-IT revealed induction of proliferation- and cell cycle-related genes, suggesting that true proliferation is induced by 5-IT. Furthermore, 5-IT promotes β-cell proliferation in human islets grafted under the kidney capsule of NOD-scid IL2Rg(null) mice. These results point to inhibition of DYRK1A as a therapeutic strategy to increase human β-cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Deepika Walpita
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Amedeo Vetere
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Bennett C Meier
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Vlado Dančík
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Sean M Burns
- Chemical Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Diabetes Unit, Departments of Medicine and Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Tamara J Gilbert
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - David E Olson
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | - Bridget K Wagner
- Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA
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Proinflammatory Cytokines Induce Endocrine Differentiation in Pancreatic Ductal Cells via STAT3-Dependent NGN3 Activation. Cell Rep 2016; 15:460-470. [PMID: 27068459 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A major goal of diabetes research is to develop strategies that replenish pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells. One emerging strategy is to harness pancreatic plasticity-the ability of pancreatic cells to undergo cellular interconversions-a phenomenon implicated in physiological stress and pancreatic injury. Here, we investigate the effects of inflammatory cytokine stress on the differentiation potential of ductal cells in a human cell line, in mouse ductal cells by pancreatic intraductal injection, and during the progression of autoimmune diabetes in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model. We find that inflammatory cytokine insults stimulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as the endocrine program in human pancreatic ductal cells via STAT3-dependent NGN3 activation. Furthermore, we show that inflammatory cytokines activate ductal-to-endocrine cell reprogramming in vivo independent of hyperglycemic stress. Together, our findings provide evidence that inflammatory cytokines direct ductal-to-endocrine cell differentiation, with implications for beta cell regeneration.
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The autoimmunity-associated gene RGS1 affects the frequency of T follicular helper cells. Genes Immun 2016; 17:228-38. [PMID: 27029527 PMCID: PMC4892947 DOI: 10.1038/gene.2016.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
RGS1 (regulator of G-protein signaling 1) has been associated with multiple autoimmune disorders including type I diabetes. RGS1 desensitizes the chemokine receptors CCR7 and CXCR4 that are critical to the localization of T and B cells in lymphoid organs. To explore how RGS1 variation contributes to autoimmunity, we generated Rgs1 knockdown (KD) mice in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) model for type I diabetes. We found that Rgs1 KD increased the size of germinal centers, but decreased the frequency of T follicular helper (TFH) cells. We show that loss of Rgs1 in T cells had both a T cell-intrinsic effect on migration and TFH cell frequency, and an indirect effect on B-cell migration and germinal center formation. Notably, several recent publications described an increase in circulating TFH cells in patients with type I diabetes, suggesting this cell population is involved in pathogenesis. Though Rgs1 KD was insufficient to alter diabetes frequency in the NOD model, our findings raise the possibility that RGS1 plays a role in autoimmunity owing to its function in TFH cells. This mechanistic link, although speculative at this time, would lend support to the notion that TFH cells are key participants in autoimmunity and could explain the association of RGS1 with several immune-mediated diseases.
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Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) Protects against High Fat Diet Induced Inflammation and Islet Hyperplasia in Pancreas. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148252. [PMID: 26872145 PMCID: PMC4752212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an important endocrine metabolic regulator expressed in multiple tissues including liver and adipose tissue. Although highest levels of expression are in pancreas, little is known about the function of FGF21 in this tissue. In order to understand the physiology of FGF21 in the pancreas, we analyzed its expression and regulation in both acinar and islet tissues. We found that acinar tissue express 20-fold higher levels than that observed in islets. We also observed that pancreatic FGF21 is nutritionally regulated; a marked reduction in FGF21 expression was noted with fasting while obesity is associated with 3–4 fold higher expression. Acinar and islet cells are targets of FGF21, which when systemically administered, leads to phosphorylation of the downstream target ERK 1/2 in about half of acinar cells and a small subset of islet cells. Chronic, systemic FGF21 infusion down-regulates its own expression in the pancreas. Mice lacking FGF21 develop significant islet hyperplasia and periductal lymphocytic inflammation when fed with a high fat obesogenic diet. Inflammatory infiltrates consist of TCRb+ Thy1+ T lymphocytes with increased levels of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells. Increased levels of inflammatory cells were coupled with elevated expression of cytokines such as TNFα, IFNγ and IL1β. We conclude that FGF21 acts to limit islet hyperplasia and may also prevent pancreatic inflammation.
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45
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Nowakowska DJ, Kissler S. Ptpn22 Modifies Regulatory T Cell Homeostasis via GITR Upregulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:2145-52. [PMID: 26810223 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PTPN22 gene variation associates with multiple autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis. Loss of function studies have demonstrated that PTPN22 impinges on the homeostatic behavior of regulatory T (Treg) cells, a lineage critical for immune tolerance. The frequency and absolute number of Treg cells is increased in Ptpn22-deficient mice, but the mechanism driving this increase is unknown. In this study, we show that Ptpn22 knockdown (KD) promoted the expansion of the Treg cell compartment by upregulating the glucocorticoid-induced TNFR family-related protein (GITR) and increasing GITR signaling. Ptpn22 KD did not accelerate cell division but instead prolonged Treg cell survival, as measured by a decrease in the frequency of apoptotic Treg cells. Loss of Ptpn22 caused a concomitant increase in the proportion of CD44(hi)CD62L(lo) effector Treg cells, at the expense of CD44(lo)CD62L(hi) central Treg cells. The increase in Treg cell numbers, but not their differentiation toward an effector phenotype, was dependent on GITR signaling, because blockade of GITR ligand prevented Treg cell expansion caused by Ptpn22 KD. These findings indicate that GITR plays a key role in regulating the overall size of the Treg cell pool. Our results suggest that the size and composition of the Treg cell compartment are independently controlled and have implications for the design of immunotherapies that seek to improve Treg cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Kissler
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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46
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El Ouaamari A, Dirice E, Gedeon N, Hu J, Zhou JY, Shirakawa J, Hou L, Goodman J, Karampelias C, Qiang G, Boucher J, Martinez R, Gritsenko MA, De Jesus DF, Kahraman S, Bhatt S, Smith RD, Beer HD, Jungtrakoon P, Gong Y, Goldfine AB, Liew CW, Doria A, Andersson O, Qian WJ, Remold-O'Donnell E, Kulkarni RN. SerpinB1 Promotes Pancreatic β Cell Proliferation. Cell Metab 2016; 23:194-205. [PMID: 26701651 PMCID: PMC4715773 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although compensatory islet hyperplasia in response to insulin resistance is a recognized feature in diabetes, the factor(s) that promote β cell proliferation have been elusive. We previously reported that the liver is a source for such factors in the liver insulin receptor knockout (LIRKO) mouse, an insulin resistance model that manifests islet hyperplasia. Using proteomics we show that serpinB1, a protease inhibitor, which is abundant in the hepatocyte secretome and sera derived from LIRKO mice, is the liver-derived secretory protein that regulates β cell proliferation in humans, mice, and zebrafish. Small-molecule compounds, that partially mimic serpinB1 effects of inhibiting elastase activity, enhanced proliferation of β cells, and mice lacking serpinB1 exhibit attenuated β cell compensation in response to insulin resistance. Finally, SerpinB1 treatment of islets modulated proteins in growth/survival pathways. Together, these data implicate serpinB1 as an endogenous protein that can potentially be harnessed to enhance functional β cell mass in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelfattah El Ouaamari
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nicholas Gedeon
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiang Hu
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jian-Ying Zhou
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Jun Shirakawa
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lifei Hou
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jessica Goodman
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christos Karampelias
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers väg 3, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guifeng Qiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases iMed, AstraZeneca R&D, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rachael Martinez
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Marina A Gritsenko
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sevim Kahraman
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shweta Bhatt
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Hans-Dietmar Beer
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Dermatology, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Prapaporn Jungtrakoon
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yanping Gong
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Allison B Goldfine
- Section on Clinical Research, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Alessandro Doria
- Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Olov Andersson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, von Eulers väg 3, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Eileen Remold-O'Donnell
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Islet Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joslin Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Pérol L, Piaggio E. New Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Tolerance: Tolerogenic Actions of IL-2. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1371:11-28. [PMID: 26530792 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3139-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an old molecule with brand new functions. Indeed, IL-2 has been first described as a T-cell growth factor but recent data pointed out that its main function in vivo is the maintenance of immune tolerance. Mechanistically, IL-2 is essential for the development and function of CD4(+) Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) that are essential players in the control of immune responded to self, tumors, microbes and grafts. Treg cells are exquisitely sensitive to IL-2 due to their constitutive expression of the high affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) and the new paradigm suggests that low-doses of IL-2 could selectively boost Treg cells in vivo. Consequently, a growing body of clinical research is aiming at using IL-2 at low doses as a tolerogenic drug to boost endogenous Treg cells in patients suffering from autoimmune or inflammatory conditions. In this manuscript, we briefly review IL-2/IL-2R biology and the role of IL-2 in the development, maintenance, and function of Treg cells; and also its effects on other immune cell populations such as CD4(+) T helper cells and CD8(+) memory T cells. Then, focusing on type 1 diabetes, we review the preclinical studies and clinical trials supporting the use of low-doses IL-2 as a tolerogenic immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the limitations and future directions for IL-2 based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Pérol
- INSERM U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France.
- Institut Curie, Section Recherche, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France.
| | - Eliane Piaggio
- INSERM U932, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
- Institut Curie, Section Recherche, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75005, Paris, France
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Xia F, Cao H, Du J, Liu X, Liu Y, Xiang M. Reg3g overexpression promotes β cell regeneration and induces immune tolerance in nonobese-diabetic mouse model. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 99:1131-40. [PMID: 26667474 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a0815-371rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The regenerating islet-derived gene was first isolated in regenerated pancreas tissues, greatly contributing to β cell regeneration. It is an anti-inflammatory in response to cellular stress. This encouraged us to investigate the exact role of a novel member of Reg family, regenerating islet-derived gene γ, in type 1 diabetes of nonobese-diabetic mice. For this, Reg3g gene was overexpressed in pancreatic islets, and conferred beneficial effects on β cell regeneration through activating the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/nuclear factor κB signaling pathway. Lentiviral vector-encoding regenerating islet-derived gene γ treatment also decreased lymphocyte infiltrates of the intra-islet and peri-islet by inducing both differentiation of regulatory T cell and immature dendritic cells of tolerogenic properties, which attenuated autoimmunity. This treatment further contributed to rebalanced levels of type 1/2 helper T cell cytokines and elevated α1-antitrypsin levels in the serum. These results were not observed in phosphate-buffered saline-treated mice or in lentivirus-control mice. We have shown, for the first time, to our knowledge, that regenerating islet-derived gene γ promotes β cell regeneration and preserves β cells from autoimmunity damage by increasing regulatory T cell differentiation and inducing tolerated dendritic cells. This regenerating islet-derived gene γ infusion could probably be developed into an optimal gene therapy for the prevention and reversal of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xia
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Jiao Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Xiulan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
| | - Yang Liu
- Synergy Innovation Center of Biological Peptide Antidiabetics of Hubei Province, School of Life Science, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; and
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Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide, and while numerous treatments exist, none of the current pharmacologic therapies is curative. Pharmacologic approaches that increase beta cell mass may present an avenue for actual cure. There have been numerous reports on factors that can induce beta cell proliferation in rodents, whereas there are still very limited data on the occurrence of beta cell proliferation in humans. The recent discovery of the hormone betatrophin, which in mice counteracted glucose intolerance induced by insulin resistance by potently stimulating beta cell proliferation, has boosted the hope for a new target for drug development for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in humans. With the encouraging preclinical findings as a background, this review presents the available clinical data on betatrophin and discusses its possible role in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Espes
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Box 571, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mats Martinell
- Department of Public Health Care, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Box 564, Uppsala, 75122, Sweden.
| | - Hanna Liljebäck
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Box 571, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden.
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, BMC, Husargatan 3, Box 571, Uppsala, SE-75123, Sweden.
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Soria B, Gauthier BR, Martín F, Tejedo JR, Bedoya FJ, Rojas A, Hmadcha A. Using stem cells to produce insulin. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1469-89. [PMID: 26156425 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1066330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tremendous progress has been made in generating insulin-producing cells from pluripotent stem cells. The best outcome of the refined protocols became apparent in the first clinical trial announced by ViaCyte, based on the implantation of pancreatic progenitors that would further mature into functional insulin-producing cells inside the patient's body. AREAS COVERED Several groups, including ours, have contributed to improve strategies to generate insulin-producing cells. Of note, the latest results have gained a substantial amount of interest as a method to create a potentially functional and limitless supply of β-cell to revert diabetes mellitus. This review analyzes the accomplishments that have taken place over the last few decades, summarizes the state-of-art methods for β-cell replacement therapies based on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells into glucose-responsive and insulin-producing cells in a dish and discusses alternative approaches to obtain new sources of insulin-producing cells. EXPERT OPINION Undoubtedly, recent events preface the beginning of a new era in diabetes therapy. However, in our opinion, a number of significant hurdles still stand in the way of clinical application. We believe that the combination of the private and public sectors will accelerate the process of obtaining the desired safe and functional β-cell surrogates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernat Soria
- a 1 CABIMER, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain ; .,b 2 CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders , 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benoit R Gauthier
- a 1 CABIMER, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain ;
| | - Franz Martín
- a 1 CABIMER, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain ; .,b 2 CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders , 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R Tejedo
- a 1 CABIMER, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain ; .,b 2 CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders , 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Bedoya
- a 1 CABIMER, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain ; .,b 2 CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders , 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Rojas
- a 1 CABIMER, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain ; .,b 2 CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders , 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abdelkrim Hmadcha
- a 1 CABIMER, Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine , Avda. Americo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain ; .,b 2 CIBERDEM, Spanish Biomedical Research Centre in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders , 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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