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Burak MF, Stanley TL, Lawson EA, Campbell SL, Lynch L, Hasty AH, Domingos AI, Dixit VD, Hotamışlıgil GS, Sheedy FJ, Dixon AE, Brinkley TE, Hill JA, Donath MY, Grinspoon SK. Adiposity, immunity, and inflammation: interrelationships in health and disease: a report from 24th Annual Harvard Nutrition Obesity Symposium, June 2023. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 120:257-268. [PMID: 38705359 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The rapidly evolving field of immunometabolism explores how changes in local immune environments may affect key metabolic and cellular processes, including that of adipose tissue. Importantly, these changes may contribute to low-grade systemic inflammation. In turn, chronic low-grade inflammation affecting adipose tissue may exacerbate the outcome of metabolic diseases. Novel advances in our understanding of immunometabolic processes may critically lead to interventions to reduce disease severity and progression. An important example in this regard relates to obesity, which has a multifaceted effect on immunity, activating the proinflammatory pathways such as the inflammasome and disrupting cellular homeostasis. This multifaceted effect of obesity can be investigated through study of downstream conditions using cellular and systemic investigative techniques. To further explore this field, the National Institutes of Health P30 Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard, in partnership with Harvard Medical School, assembled experts to present at its 24th Annual Symposium entitled "Adiposity, Immunity, and Inflammation: Interrelationships in Health and Disease" on 7 June, 2023. This manuscript seeks to synthesize and present key findings from the symposium, highlighting new research and novel disease-specific advances in the field. Better understanding the interaction between metabolism and immunity offers promising preventative and treatment therapies for obesity-related immunometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Furkan Burak
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Molecular Metabolism and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Takara L Stanley
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sophia L Campbell
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vishwa D Dixit
- Department of Pathology, Department of Comparative Medicine, Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, and Yale Center for Research on Aging, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Gökhan S Hotamışlıgil
- Department of Molecular Metabolism and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Frederick J Sheedy
- School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Tina E Brinkley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Marc Y Donath
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Izosimova AV, Shabalkina AV, Myshkin MY, Shurganova EV, Myalik DS, Ryzhichenko EO, Samitova AF, Barsova EV, Shagina IA, Britanova OV, Yuzhakova DV, Sharonov GV. Local Enrichment with Convergence of Enriched T-Cell Clones Are Hallmarks of Effective Peptide Vaccination against B16 Melanoma. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:345. [PMID: 38675728 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some peptide anticancer vaccines elicit a strong T-cell memory response but fail to suppress tumor growth. To gain insight into tumor resistance, we compared two peptide vaccines, p20 and p30, against B16 melanoma, with both exhibiting good in vitro T-cell responses but different tumor suppression abilities. METHODS We compared activation markers and repertoires of T-lymphocytes from tumor-draining (dLN) and non-draining (ndLN) lymph nodes for the two peptide vaccines. RESULTS We showed that the p30 vaccine had better tumor control as opposed to p20. p20 vaccine induced better in vitro T-cell responsiveness but failed to suppress tumor growth. Efficient antitumor vaccination is associated with a higher clonality of cytotoxic T-cells (CTLs) in dLNs compared with ndLNs and the convergence of most of the enriched clones. With the inefficient p20 vaccine, the most expanded and converged were clones of the bystander T-cells without an LN preference. CONCLUSIONS Here, we show that the clonality and convergence of the T-cell response are the hallmarks of efficient antitumor vaccination. The high individual and methodological dependencies of these parameters can be avoided by comparing dLNs and ndLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Vyacheslavovna Izosimova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Alexandra Valerievna Shabalkina
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yurevich Myshkin
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Viktorovna Shurganova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Daria Sergeevna Myalik
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Pathoanatomical Department, Nizhny Novgorod Regional Clinical Cancer Hospital, Nizhny Novgorod 603126, Russia
| | | | - Alina Faritovna Samitova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Vladimirovna Barsova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Irina Aleksandrovna Shagina
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Olga Vladimirovna Britanova
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Diana Vladimirovna Yuzhakova
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - George Vladimirovich Sharonov
- Research Institute of Experimental Oncology and Biomedical Technologies, Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
- Department of Genomics of Adaptive Immunity, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Giovenzana A, Bezzecchi E, Bichisecchi A, Cardellini S, Ragogna F, Pedica F, Invernizzi F, Di Filippo L, Tomajer V, Aleotti F, Scotti GM, Socci C, Cesana G, Olmi S, Morelli MJ, Falconi M, Giustina A, Bonini C, Piemonti L, Ruggiero E, Petrelli A. Fat-to-blood recirculation of partially dysfunctional PD-1 +CD4 Tconv cells is associated with dysglycemia in human obesity. iScience 2024; 27:109032. [PMID: 38380252 PMCID: PMC10877684 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the accumulation of T cells in insulin-sensitive tissues, including the visceral adipose tissue (VAT), that can interfere with the insulin signaling pathway eventually leading to insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. Here, we found that PD-1+CD4 conventional T (Tconv) cells, endowed with a transcriptomic and functional profile of partially dysfunctional cells, are diminished in VAT of obese patients with dysglycemia (OB-Dys), without a concomitant increase in apoptosis. These cells showed enhanced capacity to recirculate into the bloodstream and had a non-restricted TCRβ repertoire divergent from that of normoglycemic obese and lean individuals. PD-1+CD4 Tconv were reduced in the circulation of OB-Dys, exhibited an altered migration potential, and were detected in the liver of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The findings suggest a potential role for partially dysfunctional PD-1+CD4 Tconv cells as inter-organ mediators of IR in obese patients with dysglycemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Olmi
- San Marco Hospital GSD, Zingonia, Bergamo, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Falconi
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Ramirez Bustamante CE, Agarwal N, Cox AR, Hartig SM, Lake JE, Balasubramanyam A. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction and Energy Balance Paradigms in People Living With HIV. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:190-209. [PMID: 37556371 PMCID: PMC10911955 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 4 decades, the clinical care of people living with HIV (PLWH) evolved from treatment of acute opportunistic infections to the management of chronic, noncommunicable comorbidities. Concurrently, our understanding of adipose tissue function matured to acknowledge its important endocrine contributions to energy balance. PLWH experience changes in the mass and composition of adipose tissue depots before and after initiating antiretroviral therapy, including regional loss (lipoatrophy), gain (lipohypertrophy), or mixed lipodystrophy. These conditions may coexist with generalized obesity in PLWH and reflect disturbances of energy balance regulation caused by HIV persistence and antiretroviral therapy drugs. Adipocyte hypertrophy characterizes visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depot expansion, as well as ectopic lipid deposition that occurs diffusely in the liver, skeletal muscle, and heart. PLWH with excess visceral adipose tissue exhibit adipokine dysregulation coupled with increased insulin resistance, heightening their risk for cardiovascular disease above that of the HIV-negative population. However, conventional therapies are ineffective for the management of cardiometabolic risk in this patient population. Although the knowledge of complex cardiometabolic comorbidities in PLWH continues to expand, significant knowledge gaps remain. Ongoing studies aimed at understanding interorgan communication and energy balance provide insights into metabolic observations in PLWH and reveal potential therapeutic targets. Our review focuses on current knowledge and recent advances in HIV-associated adipose tissue dysfunction, highlights emerging adipokine paradigms, and describes critical mechanistic and clinical insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Ramirez Bustamante
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Neeti Agarwal
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jordan E Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ashok Balasubramanyam
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Adams VR, Collins LB, Williams TI, Holmes J, Hess P, Atkins HM, Scheidemantle G, Liu X, Lodge M, Johnson AJ, Kennedy A. Myeloid cell MHC I expression drives CD8 + T cell activation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1302006. [PMID: 38274832 PMCID: PMC10808415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1302006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & aims Activated CD8+ T cells are elevated in Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and are important for driving fibrosis and inflammation. Despite this, mechanisms of CD8+ T cell activation in NASH are largely limited. Specific CD8+ T cell subsets may become activated through metabolic signals or cytokines. However, studies in NASH have not evaluated the impact of antigen presentation or the involvement of specific antigens. Therefore, we determined if activated CD8+ T cells are dependent on MHC class I expression in NASH to regulate fibrosis and inflammation. Methods We used H2Kb and H2Db deficient (MHC I KO), Kb transgenic mice, and myeloid cell Kb deficient mice (LysM Kb KO) to investigate how MHC class I impacts CD8+ T cell function and NASH. Flow cytometry, gene expression, and histology were used to examine hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. The hepatic class I immunopeptidome was evaluated by mass spectrometry. Results In NASH, MHC class I isoform H2Kb was upregulated in myeloid cells. MHC I KO demonstrated protective effects against NASH-induced inflammation and fibrosis. Kb mice exhibited increased fibrosis in the absence of H2Db while LysM Kb KO mice showed protection against fibrosis but not inflammation. H2Kb restricted peptides identified a unique NASH peptide Ncf2 capable of CD8+ T cell activation in vitro. The Ncf2 peptide was not detected during fibrosis resolution. Conclusion These results suggest that activated hepatic CD8+ T cells are dependent on myeloid cell MHC class I expression in diet induced NASH to promote inflammation and fibrosis. Additionally, our studies suggest a role of NADPH oxidase in the production of Ncf2 peptide generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R. Adams
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Leonard B. Collins
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Taufika Islam Williams
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Holmes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Paul Hess
- College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Hannah M. Atkins
- Center for Human Health and Environment, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
- Division of Comparative Medicine, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Grace Scheidemantle
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Mareca Lodge
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Aaron J. Johnson
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Arion Kennedy
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biochemistry, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Jiang Y, Gong F. Immune cells in adipose tissue microenvironment under physiological and obese conditions. Endocrine 2024; 83:10-25. [PMID: 37768512 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review will focus on the immune cells in adipose tissue microenvironment and their regulatory roles in metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue and even the whole body under physiological and obese conditions. METHODS This review used PubMed searches of current literature to examine adipose tissue immune cells and cytokines, as well as the complex interactions between them. RESULTS Aside from serving as a passive energy depot, adipose tissue has shown specific immunological function. Adipose tissue microenvironment is enriched with a large number of immune cells and cytokines, whose physiological regulation plays a crucial role for metabolic homeostasis. However, obesity causes pro-inflammatory alterations in these adipose tissue immune cells, which have detrimental effects on metabolism and increase the susceptibility of individuals to the obesity related diseases. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue microenvironment is enriched with various immune cells and cytokines, which regulate metabolic homeostasis of adipose tissue and even the whole body, whether under physiological or obese conditions. Targeting key immune cells and cytokines in adipose tissue microenvironment for obesity treatment becomes an attractive research point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Jacks RD, Lumeng CN. Macrophage and T cell networks in adipose tissue. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:50-61. [PMID: 37872302 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00908-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The signals and structure of the tissues in which leukocytes reside critically mould leukocyte function and development and have challenged our fundamental understanding of how to define and categorize tissue-resident immune cells. One specialized tissue niche that has a powerful effect on immune cell function is adipose tissue. The field of adipose tissue leukocyte biology has expanded dramatically and has revealed how tissue niches can shape immune cell function and reshape them in a setting of metabolic stress, such as obesity. Most notably, adipose tissue macrophages and T cells are under intense investigation due to their contributions to adipose tissue in the lean and obese states. Both adipose tissue macrophages and T cells have features associated with the metabolic function of adipose tissue that are distinct from features of macrophages and T cells that are classically characterized in other tissues. This Review provides state-of-the-art understanding of adipose tissue macrophages and T cells and discusses how their unique niche can help us to better understand diversity in leukocyte responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiah D Jacks
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Schleh MW, Caslin HL, Garcia JN, Mashayekhi M, Srivastava G, Bradley AB, Hasty AH. Metaflammation in obesity and its therapeutic targeting. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf9382. [PMID: 37992150 PMCID: PMC10847980 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf9382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-associated inflammation is a systemic process that affects all metabolic organs. Prominent among these is adipose tissue, where cells of the innate and adaptive immune system are markedly changed in obesity, implicating these cells in a range of processes linking immune memory to metabolic regulation. Furthermore, weight loss and weight cycling have unexpected effects on adipose tissue immune populations. Here, we review the current literature on the roles of various immune cells in lean and obese adipose tissue. Within this context, we discuss pharmacological and nonpharmacological approaches to obesity treatment and their impact on systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Schleh
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Heather L. Caslin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jamie N. Garcia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gitanjali Srivastava
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Weight Loss Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37204 USA
| | - Anna B. Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Weight Loss Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37204 USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Alyssa H. Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Zhu H, Zhao Z, Xu J, Chen Y, Cai J, Shi C, Zhou L, Zhu Q, Ji L. Comprehensive landscape of the T and B-cell repertoires of newly diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus. Genomics 2023; 115:110681. [PMID: 37453476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
This study conducted a high-throughput sequencing analysis of the T- and B- repertoires in the newly diagnosed GDM patients and evaluated the association between abnormal adaptive immunity and GDM. The unique TCR CDR3 clonotypes were mildly decreased in GDM patients, and the similarity of TCR V-J distributions was higher in the GDM group. Moreover, the usages of the V gene and V-J pair and the frequency distributions of some CDR3 amino acids (AAs) both in BCR and TCR were significantly different between groups. Moreover, the cytokines including IL-4, IL-6, IFN-γ and IL-17A were synchronously elevated in the GDM cases. Our findings provide a comprehensive view of BCR and TCR repertoires at newly diagnosed GDM patients, revealing the mild reduction in unique TCRB CDR3 sequences and slight alteration of the V gene, V-J combination and CDR3 (AA) usages of BCR and TCR. This work provides deep insight into the mechanism of maternal adaptive immunity in GDM and provides novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential immunotherapy targets for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Zhijia Zhao
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Yanming Chen
- School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Jie Cai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Chaoyi Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Liming Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, PR China
| | - Lindan Ji
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, PR China.
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10
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Masenga SK, Kabwe LS, Chakulya M, Kirabo A. Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:7898. [PMID: 37175603 PMCID: PMC10178199 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions associated with the risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Metabolic syndrome is closely related to obesity. Increased adiposity promotes inflammation and oxidative stress, which are precursors of various complications involving metabolic syndrome components, namely insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. An increasing number of studies confirm the importance of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation in the etiology of metabolic syndrome. However, few studies have reviewed the mechanisms underlying the role of oxidative stress in contributing to metabolic syndrome. In this review, we highlight mechanisms by which reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase mitochondrial dysfunction, protein damage, lipid peroxidation, and impair antioxidant function in metabolic syndrome. Biomarkers of oxidative stress can be used in disease diagnosis and evaluation of severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepiso K. Masenga
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone P.O. Box 60009, Zambia
- Department of Medicine, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
| | - Lombe S. Kabwe
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone P.O. Box 60009, Zambia
| | - Martin Chakulya
- HAND Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Mulungushi University, Livingstone Campus, Livingstone P.O. Box 60009, Zambia
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Room 536 Robinson Research Building, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN 37232-6602, USA
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11
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Garcia JN, Wanjalla CN, Mashayekhi M, Hasty AH. Immune Cell Activation in Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:627-637. [PMID: 36136214 PMCID: PMC9510332 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we focus on immune cell activation in obesity and cardiovascular disease, highlighting specific immune cell microenvironments present in individuals with atherosclerosis, non-ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and infectious diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Obesity and cardiovascular disease are intimately linked and often characterized by inflammation and a cluster of metabolic complications. Compelling evidence from single-cell analysis suggests that obese adipose tissue is inflammatory and infiltrated by almost all immune cell populations. How this inflammatory tissue state contributes to more systemic conditions such as cardiovascular and infectious disease is less well understood. However, current research suggests that changes in the adipose tissue immune environment impact an individual's ability to combat illnesses such as influenza and SARS-CoV2. Obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent globally and is often associated with type 2 diabetes and heart disease. An increased inflammatory state is a major contributor to this association. Widespread chronic inflammation in these disease states is accompanied by an increase in both innate and adaptive immune cell activation. Acutely, these immune cell changes are beneficial as they sustain homeostasis as inflammation increases. However, persistent inflammation subsequently damages tissues and organs throughout the body. Future studies aimed at understanding the unique immune cell populations in each tissue compartment impacted by obesity may hold potential for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Garcia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Celestine N Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 702 Light Hall, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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12
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Wang TW, Johmura Y, Suzuki N, Omori S, Migita T, Yamaguchi K, Hatakeyama S, Yamazaki S, Shimizu E, Imoto S, Furukawa Y, Yoshimura A, Nakanishi M. Blocking PD-L1-PD-1 improves senescence surveillance and ageing phenotypes. Nature 2022; 611:358-364. [PMID: 36323784 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells is a major cause of age-related inflammation and predisposes to a variety of age-related diseases1. However, little is known about the molecular basis underlying this accumulation and its potential as a target to ameliorate the ageing process. Here we show that senescent cells heterogeneously express the immune checkpoint protein programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and that PD-L1+ senescent cells accumulate with age in vivo. PD-L1- cells are sensitive to T cell surveillance, whereas PD-L1+ cells are resistant, even in the presence of senescence-associated secretory phenotypes (SASP). Single-cell analysis of p16+ cells in vivo revealed that PD-L1 expression correlated with higher levels of SASP. Consistent with this, administration of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody to naturally ageing mice or a mouse model with normal livers or induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis reduces the total number of p16+ cells in vivo as well as the PD-L1+ population in an activated CD8+ T cell-dependent manner, ameliorating various ageing-related phenotypes. These results suggest that the heterogeneous expression of PD-L1 has an important role in the accumulation of senescent cells and inflammation associated with ageing, and the elimination of PD-L1+ senescent cells by immune checkpoint blockade may be a promising strategy for anti-ageing therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teh-Wei Wang
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Johmura
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Division of Cancer and Senescence Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Narumi Suzuki
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satotaka Omori
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Migita
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yamaguchi
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seira Hatakeyama
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Eigo Shimizu
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Imoto
- Division of Health Medical Intelligence, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Furukawa
- Division of Clinical Genome Research, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Division of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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13
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Cottam MA, Caslin HL, Winn NC, Hasty AH. Multiomics reveals persistence of obesity-associated immune cell phenotypes in adipose tissue during weight loss and weight regain in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2950. [PMID: 35618862 PMCID: PMC9135744 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30646-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Within adipose tissue (AT), immune cells and parenchymal cells closely interact creating a complex microenvironment. In obesity, immune cell derived inflammation contributes to insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Diet-induced weight loss improves glucose tolerance; however, weight regain further exacerbates the impairment in glucose homeostasis observed with obesity. To interrogate the immunometabolic adaptations that occur in AT during murine weight loss and weight regain, we utilized cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITEseq) in male mice. Obesity-induced imprinting of AT immune cells persisted through weight-loss and progressively worsened with weight regain, ultimately leading to impaired recovery of type 2 regulatory cells, activation of antigen presenting cells, T cell exhaustion, and enhanced lipid handling in macrophages in weight cycled mice. This work provides critical groundwork for understanding the immunological causes of weight cycling-accelerated metabolic disease. For further discovery, we provide an open-access web portal of diet-induced AT immune cell imprinting: https://hastylab.shinyapps.io/MAIseq .
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Cottam
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Heather L Caslin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nathan C Winn
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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14
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Ertuglu LA, Elijovich F, Laffer CL, Kirabo A. Salt-Sensitivity of Blood Pressure and Insulin Resistance. Front Physiol 2021; 12:793924. [PMID: 34966295 PMCID: PMC8711096 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.793924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is seen in both hypertensive and normotensive populations. Insulin resistance (IR) strongly correlates with SSBP and affects nearly 50% of salt sensitive people. While the precise mechanism by which IR and SSBP relate remains elusive, several common pathways are involved in the genesis of both processes, including vascular dysfunction and immune activation. Vascular dysfunction associated with insulin resistance is characterized by loss of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation and heightened endothelin-1 induced vasoconstriction, as well as capillary rarefaction. It manifests with increased blood pressure (BP) in salt sensitive murine models. Another common denominator in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, hypertension, and salt sensitivity (SS) is immune activation involving pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In the last decade, a new understanding of interstitial sodium storage in tissues such as skin and muscle has revolutionized traditional concepts of body sodium handling and pathogenesis of SS. We have shown that interstitial Na+ can trigger a T cell mediated inflammatory response through formation of isolevuglandin protein adducts in antigen presenting cells (APCs), and that this response is implicated in salt sensitive hypertension. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that modulates both insulin sensitivity and BP. PPARγ agonists increase insulin sensitivity and ameliorate salt sensitivity, whereas deficiency of PPARγ results in severe insulin resistance and hypertension. These findings suggest that PPARγ plays a role in the common pathogenesis of insulin sensitivity and salt sensitivity, perhaps via effects on the immune system and vascular function. The goal of this review is to discuss those mechanisms that may play a role in both SSBP and in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale A Ertuglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Fernando Elijovich
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cheryl L Laffer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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15
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Petrelli A, Giovenzana A, Insalaco V, Phillips BE, Pietropaolo M, Giannoukakis N. Autoimmune Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Hallmarks So Far and Yet So Close to Explain Diabetes Endotypes. Curr Diab Rep 2021; 21:54. [PMID: 34902055 PMCID: PMC8668851 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Diabetes mellitus can be categorized into two major variants, type 1 and type 2. A number of traits such as clinical phenotype, age at disease onset, genetic background, and underlying pathogenesis distinguish the two forms. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence indicates that type 1 diabetes can be accompanied by insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes exhibits self-reactivity. These two previously unknown conditions can influence the progression and outcome of the disease. Unlike most conventional considerations, diabetes appears to consist of a spectrum of intermediate phenotypes that includes monogenic and polygenic loci linked to inflammatory processes including autoimmunity, beta cell impairment, and insulin resistance. Here we discuss why a shift of the classical bi-modal view of diabetes (autoimmune vs. non-autoimmune) is necessary in favor of a model of an immunological continuum of endotypes lying between the two extreme "insulin-resistant" and "autoimmune beta cell targeting," shaped by environmental and genetic factors which contribute to determine specific immune-conditioned outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Petrelli
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Giovenzana
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- grid.15496.3f0000 0001 0439 0892Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Insalaco
- grid.18887.3e0000000417581884San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Brett E. Phillips
- grid.417046.00000 0004 0454 5075Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Massimo Pietropaolo
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDivision of Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Nick Giannoukakis
- grid.417046.00000 0004 0454 5075Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA USA
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16
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Xu D. The roles of T cells in obese adipose tissue inflammation. Adipocyte 2021; 10:435-445. [PMID: 34515616 PMCID: PMC8463033 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1965314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation in obese patients can cause a series of metabolic diseases. There are a variety of immune cells in adipose tissue, and studies have shown that T cells are associated with adipose tissue inflammation. This review aims to describe the current understanding of the relationship between T cells and adipose tissue inflammation, with a focus on regulation by T cell subtypes. Studies have shown that Th1, Th17 and CD8+ T cells, which are important T cell subsets, can promote the development of adipose tissue inflammation, whereas Treg cells protect against inflammation, suggesting that targeting the mechanism by which T cell subtypes regulate adipose tissue inflammation is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating obesity. T cells play important roles in regulating obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation, thus providing new research directions for the treatment of obesity. More studies are needed to clarify how T cell subtypes regulate adipose tissue inflammation to identify new treatments for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yurong Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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17
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Narasimhan A, Flores RR, Robbins PD, Niedernhofer LJ. Role of Cellular Senescence in Type II Diabetes. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6345039. [PMID: 34363464 PMCID: PMC8386762 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cell fate that occurs in response to numerous types of stress and can promote tissue repair or drive inflammation and disruption of tissue homeostasis depending on the context. Aging and obesity lead to an increase in the senescent cell burden in multiple organs. Senescent cells release a myriad of senescence-associated secretory phenotype factors that directly mediate pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, adipose tissue dysfunction, and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, which promote the onset of type II diabetes mellitus. In addition, hyperglycemia and metabolic changes seen in diabetes promote cellular senescence. Diabetes-induced cellular senescence contributes to various diabetic complications. Thus, type II diabetes is both a cause and consequence of cellular senescence. This review summarizes recent studies on the link between aging, obesity, and diabetes, focusing on the role of cellular senescence in disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akilavalli Narasimhan
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 55455, USA
| | - Rafael R Flores
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 55455, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 55455, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 55455, USA
- Correspondence: Laura J. Niedernhofer, MD, PhD, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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18
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Porsche CE, Delproposto JB, Geletka L, O'Rourke R, Lumeng CN. Obesity results in adipose tissue T cell exhaustion. JCI Insight 2021; 6:139793. [PMID: 33724954 PMCID: PMC8119198 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.139793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite studies implicating adipose tissue T cells (ATT) in the initiation and persistence of adipose tissue inflammation, fundamental gaps in knowledge regarding ATT function impedes progress toward understanding how obesity influences adaptive immunity. We hypothesized that ATT activation and function would have tissue-resident–specific properties and that obesity would potentiate their inflammatory properties. We assessed ATT activation and inflammatory potential within mouse and human stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Surprisingly, murine and human ATTs from obese visceral white adipose tissue exhibited impaired inflammatory characteristics upon stimulation. Both environmental and cell-intrinsic factors are implicated in ATT dysfunction. Soluble factors from obese SVF inhibit ATT activation. Additionally, chronic signaling from macrophage major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) is necessary for ATT impairment in obese adipose tissue but is independent of increased PD1 expression. To assess intracellular signaling mechanisms responsible for ATT inflammation impairments, single-cell RNA sequencing of ATTs was performed. ATTs in obese adipose tissue exhibit enrichment of genes characteristic of T cell exhaustion and increased expression of coinhibitory receptor Btla. In sum, this work suggests that obesity-induced ATTs have functional characteristics and gene expression resembling T cell exhaustion induced by local soluble factors and cell-to-cell interactions in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lynn Geletka
- Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, and
| | - Robert O'Rourke
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Surgery, Ann Arbor Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Carey N Lumeng
- Graduate Program in Immunology.,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, and
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19
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Wang L, Sun P, Wu Y, Wang L. Metabolic tissue-resident CD8 + T cells: A key player in obesity-related diseases. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13133. [PMID: 32935464 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-induced low-grade chronic inflammation in the metabolic tissues, such as adipose tissue (AT) and liver tissue, in individuals with obesity is a major etiological factor for several diseases, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular problems, as well as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Previous studies have revealed that tissue-resident macrophages play a crucial role in this process. However, the mechanisms responsible for recruiting and activating macrophages and initiating chronic inflammation in the metabolic tissues have not yet been clearly elucidated. In the most recent decade, there has been a growing emphasis on the critical role of the adaptive CD8+ T cells in obesity-induced chronic inflammation and related metabolic diseases. In this review, we will summarize the relevant studies in both mice and human regarding the role of metabolic tissue-resident CD8+ T cells in obesity-related inflammation and diseases, as well as the possible mechanisms underlying the regulation of CD8+ T cell recruitment, activation and function in the metabolic tissues, and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Immunology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Immunology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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20
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Wanjalla CN, McDonnell WJ, Ram R, Chopra A, Gangula R, Leary S, Mashayekhi M, Simmons JD, Warren CM, Bailin S, Gabriel CL, Guo L, Furch BD, Lima MC, Woodward BO, Hannah L, Pilkinton MA, Fuller DT, Kawai K, Virmani R, Finn AV, Hasty AH, Mallal SA, Kalams SA, Koethe JR. Single-cell analysis shows that adipose tissue of persons with both HIV and diabetes is enriched for clonal, cytotoxic, and CMV-specific CD4+ T cells. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100205. [PMID: 33665640 PMCID: PMC7897802 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Persons with HIV are at increased risk for diabetes mellitus compared with individuals without HIV. Adipose tissue is an important regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, and adipose tissue T cells modulate local inflammatory responses and, by extension, adipocyte function. Persons with HIV and diabetes have a high proportion of CX3CR1+ GPR56+ CD57+ (C-G-C+) CD4+ T cells in adipose tissue, a subset of which are cytomegalovirus specific, whereas individuals with diabetes but without HIV have predominantly CD69+ CD4+ T cells. Adipose tissue CD69+ and C-G-C+ CD4+ T cell subsets demonstrate higher receptor clonality compared with the same cells in blood, potentially reflecting antigen-driven expansion, but C-G-C+ CD4+ T cells have a more inflammatory and cytotoxic RNA transcriptome. Future studies will explore whether viral antigens have a role in recruitment and proliferation of pro-inflammatory C-G-C+ CD4+ T cells in adipose tissue of persons with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestine N Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,10x Genomics, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Ramesh Ram
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Abha Chopra
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rama Gangula
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shay Leary
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua D Simmons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christian M Warren
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Samuel Bailin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Curtis L Gabriel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Liang Guo
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Briana D Furch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Morgan C Lima
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Beverly O Woodward
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - LaToya Hannah
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark A Pilkinton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Simon A Mallal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,VANTAGE, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Spyros A Kalams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John R Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
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21
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Aschner M, Nguyen TT, Sinitskii AI, Santamaría A, Bornhorst J, Ajsuvakova OP, da Rocha JBT, Skalny AV, Tinkov AA. Isolevuglandins (isoLGs) as toxic lipid peroxidation byproducts and their pathogenetic role in human diseases. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:266-273. [PMID: 33099003 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipid peroxidation results in generation of a variety of lipid hydroperoxides and other highly reactive species that covalently modify proteins, nucleic acids, and other lipids, thus resulting in lipotoxicity. Although biological relevance of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA) is well studied, the existing data on the role of isolevuglandins (isoLGs) in pathology are insufficient. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to review the existing data on biological effects of isoLG and isoLG adducts and their role in multiple diseases. Sixty four highly reactive levuglandin-like γ-ketoaldehyde (γ-KA, or isoketals, IsoK, or isolevuglandins, IsoLG) regio- and stereo-isomers are formed as products of arachidonic acid oxidation. IsoLGs react covalently with lysyl residues of proteins to form a stable adduct and intramolecular aminal, bispyrrole, and trispyrrole cross-links. Phosphatidylethanolamine was also shown to be the target for isoLG binding as compared to proteins and DNA. Free IsoLGs are not detectable in vivo, although isolevuglandin adduction to amino acid residues of particular proteins may be evaluated with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Adducts formed were shown to play a significant role in the development and maintenance of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. These, and more specific molecular pathways, link isoLG and isoLG-adduct formation to develop a variety of pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis, hypertension, heart failure), obesity and diabetes, cancer, neurodegeneration, eye diseases (retinal degeneration and glaucoma), as well as ageing. Hypothetically, isoLGs and isoLG adduct formation may be considered as the potential target for treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Thuy T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Abel Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Aminoácidos Excitadores, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julia Bornhorst
- Food Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Federal Scientific Center of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | | | - Anatoly V Skalny
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
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22
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AlZaim I, Hammoud SH, Al-Koussa H, Ghazi A, Eid AH, El-Yazbi AF. Adipose Tissue Immunomodulation: A Novel Therapeutic Approach in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:602088. [PMID: 33282920 PMCID: PMC7705180 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.602088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a critical regulator of systemic metabolism and bodily homeostasis as it secretes a myriad of adipokines, including inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. As the main storage pool of lipids, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues undergo marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia in response to nutritional excess leading to hypoxia, adipokine dysregulation, and subsequent low-grade inflammation that is characterized by increased infiltration and activation of innate and adaptive immune cells. The specific localization, physiology, susceptibility to inflammation and the heterogeneity of the inflammatory cell population of each adipose depot are unique and thus dictate the possible complications of adipose tissue chronic inflammation. Several lines of evidence link visceral and particularly perivascular, pericardial, and perirenal adipose tissue inflammation to the development of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In addition to the implication of the immune system in the regulation of adipose tissue function, adipose tissue immune components are pivotal in detrimental or otherwise favorable adipose tissue remodeling and thermogenesis. Adipose tissue resident and infiltrating immune cells undergo metabolic and morphological adaptation based on the systemic energy status and thus a better comprehension of the metabolic regulation of immune cells in adipose tissues is pivotal to address complications of chronic adipose tissue inflammation. In this review, we discuss the role of adipose innate and adaptive immune cells across various physiological and pathophysiological states that pertain to the development or progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with metabolic disorders. Understanding such mechanisms allows for the exploitation of the adipose tissue-immune system crosstalk, exploring how the adipose immune system might be targeted as a strategy to treat cardiovascular derangements associated with metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Safaa H Hammoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Houssam Al-Koussa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alaa Ghazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed F El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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23
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Arndt MF, Koohestani DM, Chobrutskiy BI, Mihyu MM, Diaz M, Gozlan EC, Yeagley M, Zaman S, Roca AM, Blanck G. TRBV and TRBJ usage, when paired with specific HLA alleles, associates with distinct head and neck cancer survival rates. Hum Immunol 2020; 81:692-696. [PMID: 32950267 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Common or dominant, T-cell receptor (TCR), V and J usage, in combination with particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, has been associated with differing outcomes in viral infections, autoimmunity, and more recently, in cancer. Cervical cancer in particular represents the most dramatic series of distinctions of outcomes associated with differing combinations of dominant V or J usage and HLA alleles, possibly because of the strong association of cervical cancer with human papilloma virus (HPV), in turn leading to a likely molecular consistency in the mechanism of HPV antigen presentation. Thus, we considered assessing TRB V and J usage, HLA allele combinations, for their associations with survival rates and related data, in the cancer genome atlas head and neck cancer dataset. We obtained the TRB VDJ recombination reads from both the blood and tumor exome files and determined the V and J identities. We then established case ID (patient) subsets of V or J usage, HLA alleles, and determined, for example, that the TRBJ2-7, HLA-B*40:01 combination was associated with a better disease free survival rate than were either the TRBJ1-3, HLA-DPB1*03:01 or the TRBJ2-1, HLA-DPB1*02:01 combinations. Furthermore, these analyses led to the conclusion that TRBJ1-5 usage, and the HLA-C*08:02 and HLA-DRB1*03:01 alleles, had independent associations with distinct overall survival rates. In sum, the results suggest that dominant V or J usage, HLA allele combinations, and in certain cases, dominant V or J usage independently of HLA, could be useful in prognosis and in guiding immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary F Arndt
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Darush M Koohestani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Boris I Chobrutskiy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Moody M Mihyu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Michael Diaz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Etienne C Gozlan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Michelle Yeagley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Saif Zaman
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - Andrea M Roca
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States
| | - George Blanck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, United States; Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, United States.
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24
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Abstract
Early in the HIV epidemic, lipodystrophy, characterized by subcutaneous fat loss (lipoatrophy), with or without central fat accumulation (lipohypertrophy), was recognized as a frequent condition among people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. The subsequent identification of thymidine analogue nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors as the cause of lipoatrophy led to the development of newer antiretroviral agents; however, studies have demonstrated continued abnormalities in fat and/or lipid storage in PLWH treated with newer drugs (including integrase inhibitor-based regimens), with fat gain due to restoration to health in antiretroviral therapy-naive PLWH, which is compounded by the rising rates of obesity. The mechanisms of fat alterations in PLWH are complex, multifactorial and not fully understood, although they are known to result in part from the direct effects of HIV proteins and antiretroviral agents on adipocyte health, genetic factors, increased microbial translocation, changes in the adaptive immune milieu after infection, increased tissue inflammation and accelerated fibrosis. Management includes classical lifestyle alterations with a role for pharmacological therapies and surgery in some patients. Continued fat alterations in PLWH will have an important effect on lifespan, healthspan and quality of life as patients age worldwide, highlighting the need to investigate the critical uncertainties regarding pathophysiology, risk factors and management.
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25
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Weinstock A, Moura Silva H, Moore KJ, Schmidt AM, Fisher EA. Leukocyte Heterogeneity in Adipose Tissue, Including in Obesity. Circ Res 2020; 126:1590-1612. [PMID: 32437300 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.316203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) plays a central role in both metabolic health and pathophysiology. Its expansion in obesity results in increased mortality and morbidity, with contributions to cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, fatty liver disease, and cancer. Obesity prevalence is at an all-time high and is projected to be 50% in the United States by 2030. AT is home to a large variety of immune cells, which are critical to maintain normal tissue functions. For example, γδ T cells are fundamental for AT innervation and thermogenesis, and macrophages are required for recycling of lipids released by adipocytes. The expansion of visceral white AT promotes dysregulation of its immune cell composition and likely promotes low-grade chronic inflammation, which has been proposed to be the underlying cause for the complications of obesity. Interestingly, weight loss after obesity alters the AT immune compartment, which may account for the decreased risk of developing these complications. Recent technological advancements that allow molecular investigation on a single-cell level have led to the discovery of previously unappreciated heterogeneity in many organs and tissues. In this review, we will explore the heterogeneity of immune cells within the visceral white AT and their contributions to homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada Weinstock
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.W., K.J.M., E.A.F.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Hernandez Moura Silva
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute (H.M.S.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.W., K.J.M., E.A.F.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine.,Department of Cell Biology (K.J.M., E.A.F.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine (A.M.S.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
| | - Edward A Fisher
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (A.W., K.J.M., E.A.F.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine.,Department of Cell Biology (K.J.M., E.A.F.), New York University Grossman School of Medicine
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26
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Cardellini S, Socci C, Bissolati M, Pindozzi F, Giovenzana A, Saibene A, Bosi E, Battaglia M, Petrelli A. Enrichment of Tc1 cells and T cell resistance to suppression are associated with dysglycemia in the visceral fat in human obesity. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2020; 8:8/1/e000772. [PMID: 32299896 PMCID: PMC7199176 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance, defined as tissue inflammation leading to type 2 diabetes, is a feature of obesity. The immune system has been implicated in its pathogenesis, but the role of adaptive immunity in humans remains uncertain. Here, we aim to determine whether specific phenotypic and functional properties of visceral adipose tissue (VAT)-derived CD4 conventional T cells (Tconv) and CD8 T cells are associated with dysglycemia in human obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Peripheral blood and the stromal vascular fraction of obese patients without dysglycemia (n=23), with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes (n=17), and non-diabetic lean controls (n=11) were studied. Characterization of memory, activation profile, cytokine production, proliferative capacity, cytotoxic potential and transforming growth factor-β-mediated suppression of CD4 Tconv and CD8 T cells was performed. Correlation between anthropometric/metabolic parameters and VAT-derived T cell subsets was determined. RESULTS In the VAT of the overall obese population, reduced frequency of interferon-γ-producing or tumor necrosis factor-α-producing CD4 (ie, T helper 1, Th1) and CD8 (ie, cytotoxic type 1, Tc1) T cells, as well as interleukin-17-producing CD8 T cells (ie, Tc17), was evident when compared with lean controls. However, enrichment of Tc1 cells, together with the impaired ability of CD4 and CD8 T cells to be suppressed, distinguished the visceral fat of obese patients with dysglycemia from the one of non-diabetic obese patients. Moreover, accumulation of Th1 and Tc1 cells in the VAT correlated with anthropometric and metabolic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Here, we define the VAT-specific characteristics of T cells in human obesity, showing that accumulation of Tc1 cells and T cell resistance to suppression can be harmful to the development of obesity-induced diabetes. These findings open new directions to investigate immunological targets in the obesity setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cardellini
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Carlo Socci
- Transplant and Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Bissolati
- Transplant and Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Fioralba Pindozzi
- Transplant and Metabolic/Bariatric Surgery Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Anna Giovenzana
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Saibene
- Department of General Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Department of General Medicine, Diabetes and Endocrinology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Battaglia
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Petrelli
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The proportion of overweight and obese persons with HIV (PWH) has increased since the introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aim to summarize recent literature on risks of weight gain, discuss adipose tissue changes in HIV and obesity, and synthesize current understanding of how excess adiposity and HIV contribute to metabolic complications. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies have implicated contemporary ART regimens, including use of integrase strand transfer inhibitors and tenofovir alafenamide, as a contributor to weight gain, though the mechanisms are unclear. Metabolic dysregulation is linked to ectopic fat and alterations in adipose immune cell populations that accompany HIV and obesity. These factors contribute to an increasing burden of metabolic diseases in the aging HIV population. Obesity compounds an increasing burden of metabolic disease among PWH, and understanding the role of fat partitioning and HIV- and ART-related adipose tissue dysfunction may guide prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S Bailin
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232-2582, USA
| | - Curtis L Gabriel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Celestine N Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232-2582, USA
| | - John R Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN, 37232-2582, USA.
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28
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Chen X, Wang S, Huang Y, Zhao X, Jia X, Meng G, Zheng Q, Zhang M, Wu Y, Wang L. Obesity Reshapes Visceral Fat-Derived MHC I Associated-Immunopeptidomes and Generates Antigenic Peptides to Drive CD8 + T Cell Responses. iScience 2020; 23:100977. [PMID: 32217358 PMCID: PMC7109454 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive CD8+ T cells were observed to contribute to the initiation and progression of obesity-induced visceral adipose tissue (VAT) chronic inflammation that is critically linked to metabolic disorders. Numerous peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules at the cell surface are collectively termed as MHC I-associated immunopeptidome (MIP) for the interaction with CD8+ T cells. We conducted the in-depth mapping of MIP of VAT from lean and obese mice using large-scale high-resolution mass spectrometry and observed that obesity significantly alters the landscape of VAT MIPs. Additionally, the obese VAT-exclusive MIP source proteome reflected a distinct obesity-associated signature. A peptide derived from lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) or B chain, named LDHA237-244, was identified as an obese VAT-exclusive immunogenic peptide that was capable of eliciting pro-inflammatory CD8+ T cells responses. Our findings suggest that certain immunogenic peptides generated by obesity may trigger CD8+ T cell-mediated VAT inflammation. Obesity reshapes the landscape of VAT-derived MIP The obese VAT-exclusive MIP reflects an obesity-associated signature An obese VAT-exclusive peptide LDHA237-244 can stimulate CD8+ T cell responses LDHA237-244-reactive CD8+ T cells were present in obese mice but not lean mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Bioinformatics Center, Department of Microbiology, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Physiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, China
| | - Gang Meng
- Department of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Department of Physiology, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637007, China
| | - Mengjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuzhang Wu
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Institute of Immunology PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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29
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Davies SS, May-Zhang LS, Boutaud O, Amarnath V, Kirabo A, Harrison DG. Isolevuglandins as mediators of disease and the development of dicarbonyl scavengers as pharmaceutical interventions. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 205:107418. [PMID: 31629006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Products of lipid peroxidation include a number of reactive lipid aldehydes such as malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-nonenal, 4-oxo-nonenal, and isolevuglandins (IsoLGs). Although these all contribute to disease processes, the most reactive are the IsoLGs, which rapidly adduct to lysine and other cellular primary amines, leading to changes in protein function, cross-linking and immunogenicity. Their rapid reactivity means that only IsoLG adducts, and not the unreacted aldehyde, can be readily measured. This high reactivity also makes it challenging for standard cellular defense mechanisms such as aldehyde reductases and oxidases to dispose of them before they react with proteins and other cellular amines. This led us to seek small molecule primary amines that might trap and inactivate IsoLGs before they could modify cellular proteins or other endogenous cellular amines such as phosphatidylethanolamines to cause disease. Our studies identified 2-aminomethylphenols including 2-hydroxybenzylamine as IsoLG scavengers. Subsequent studies showed that they also trap other lipid dicarbonyls that react with primary amines such as 4-oxo-nonenal and malondialdehyde, but not hydroxyalkenals like 4-hydroxy-nonenal that preferentially react with soft nucleophiles. This review describes the use of these 2-aminomethylphenols as dicarbonyl scavengers to assess the contribution of IsoLGs and other amine-reactive lipid dicarbonyls to disease and as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Linda S May-Zhang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Olivier Boutaud
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Venkataraman Amarnath
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David G Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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30
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Caslin HL, Hasty AH. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Immunometabolism Converge: Perspectives on Future Research and Therapeutic Development for Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2019; 8:210-219. [PMID: 30919312 PMCID: PMC6661206 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-019-00344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Research over the past decade has shown that immunologic and metabolic pathways are intricately linked. This burgeoning field of immunometabolism includes intrinsic and extrinsic pathways and is known to be associated with obesity-accelerated metabolic disease. Intrinsic immunometabolism includes the study of fuel utilization and bioenergetic pathways that influence immune cell function. Extrinsic immunometabolism includes the study of immune cells and products that influence systemic metabolism. RECENT FINDINGS Th2 immunity, macrophage iron handling, adaptive immune memory, and epigenetic regulation of immunity, which all require intrinsic metabolic changes, play a role in systemic metabolism and metabolic function, linking the two arms of immunometabolism. Together, this suggests that targeting intrinsic immunometabolism can directly affect immune function and ultimately systemic metabolism. We highlight important questions for future basic research that will help improve translational research and provide therapeutic targets to help establish new treatments for obesity and associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Caslin
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 813 Light Hall, 23rd Ave. South and Pierce, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, 813 Light Hall, 23rd Ave. South and Pierce, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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31
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Liu R, Nikolajczyk BS. Tissue Immune Cells Fuel Obesity-Associated Inflammation in Adipose Tissue and Beyond. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1587. [PMID: 31379820 PMCID: PMC6653202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-associated inflammation stems from a combination of cell-intrinsic changes of individual immune cell subsets and the dynamic crosstalk amongst a broad array of immune cells. Although much of the focus of immune cell contributions to metabolic disease has focused on adipose tissue-associated cells, these potent sources of inflammation inhabit other metabolic regulatory tissues, including liver and gut, and recirculate to promote systemic inflammation and thus obesity comorbidities. Tissue-associated immune cells, especially T cell subpopulations, have become a hotspot of inquiry based on their contributions to obesity, type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases and certain types of cancers. The cell-cell interactions that take place under the stress of obesity are mediated by intracellular contact and cytokine production, and constitute a complicated network that drives the phenotypic alterations of immune cells and perpetuates a feed-forward loop of metabolic decline. Herein we discuss immune cell functions in various tissues and obesity-associated cancers from the viewpoint of inflammation. We also emphasize recent advances in the understanding of crosstalk amongst immune cell subsets under obese conditions, and suggest future directions for focused investigations with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Barbara S. Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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32
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Godfrey C, Bremer A, Alba D, Apovian C, Koethe JR, Koliwad S, Lewis D, Lo J, McComsey GA, Eckard A, Srinivasa S, Trevillyan J, Palmer C, Grinspoon S. Obesity and Fat Metabolism in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals: Immunopathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. J Infect Dis 2019; 220:420-431. [PMID: 30893434 PMCID: PMC6941618 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic complications relating to complex effects of viral and immune-mediated mechanisms are now a focus of clinical care among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), and obesity is emerging as a critical problem. To address knowledge gaps, the US National Institutes of Health sponsored a symposium in May 2018 entitled "Obesity and Fat Metabolism in HIV-infected Individuals." Mechanisms relating to adipose dysfunction and fibrosis, immune function, inflammation, and gastrointestinal integrity were highlighted as contributors to obesity among PLHIV. Fibrotic subcutaneous adipose tissue is metabolically dysfunctional and loses its capacity to expand, leading to fat redistribution, including visceral obesity and ectopic fat accumulation, promoting insulin resistance. Viral proteins, including viral protein R and negative regulatory factor, have effects on adipogenic pathways and cellular metabolism in resident macrophages and T cells. HIV also affects immune cell trafficking into the adipose compartments, with effects on adipogenesis, lipolysis, and ectopic fat accumulation. Key cellular metabolic functions are likely to be affected in PLHIV by gut-derived cytokines and altered microbiota. There are limited strategies to reduce obesity specifically in PLHIV. Enhancing our understanding of critical pathogenic mechanisms will enable the development of novel therapeutics that may normalize adipose tissue function and distribution, reduce inflammation, and improve insulin sensitivity in PLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Godfrey
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew Bremer
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Diana Alba
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
| | - Caroline Apovian
- Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts
| | | | - Suneil Koliwad
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine
| | - Dorothy Lewis
- McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Janet Lo
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Grace A McComsey
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center and Case Western Reserve, Ohio
| | | | - Suman Srinivasa
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | | | - Steven Grinspoon
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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Abstract
Sodium intake is undoubtedly indispensable for normal body functions but can be detrimental when taken in excess of dietary requirements. The consequences of excessive salt intake are becoming increasingly clear as high salt consumption persists across the globe. Salt has long been suspected to promote the development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases and is now also recognized as a potential modulator of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases through its direct and indirect effects on immune cells. The finding that, in addition to the kidneys, other organs such as the skin regulate sodium levels in the body prompted new hypotheses, including the concept that skin-resident macrophages might participate in tissue sodium regulation through their interactions with lymphatic vessels. Moreover, immune cells such as macrophages and different T cell subsets are found in sodium-rich interstitial microenvironments, where sodium levels modulate their function. Alterations to the intestinal bacterial community induced by excess dietary salt represent another relevant axis whereby salt indirectly modulates immune cell function. Depending on the inflammatory context, sodium might either contribute to protective immunity (for example, by enhancing host responses against cutaneous pathogens) or it might contribute to immune dysregulation and promote the development of cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases.
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Wanjalla CN, McDonnell WJ, Barnett L, Simmons JD, Furch BD, Lima MC, Woodward BO, Fan R, Fei Y, Baker PG, Ram R, Pilkinton MA, Mashayekhi M, Brown NJ, Mallal SA, Kalams SA, Koethe JR. Adipose Tissue in Persons With HIV Is Enriched for CD4 + T Effector Memory and T Effector Memory RA + Cells, Which Show Higher CD69 Expression and CD57, CX3CR1, GPR56 Co-expression With Increasing Glucose Intolerance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:408. [PMID: 30941121 PMCID: PMC6433850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic T cell activation and accelerated immune senescence are hallmarks of HIV infection, which may contribute to the increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases in people living with HIV (PLWH). T lymphocytes play a central role in modulating adipose tissue inflammation and, by extension, adipocyte energy storage and release. Here, we assessed the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell profiles in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and blood of non-diabetic (n = 9; fasting blood glucose [FBG] < 100 mg/dL), pre-diabetic (n = 8; FBG = 100-125 mg/dL) and diabetic (n = 9; FBG ≥ 126 mg/dL) PLWH, in addition to non- and pre-diabetic, HIV-negative controls (n = 8). SAT was collected by liposuction and T cells were extracted by collagenase digestion. The proportion of naïve (TNai) CD45RO-CCR7+, effector memory (TEM) CD45RO+CCR7-, central memory (TCM) CD45RO+CCR7+, and effector memory revertant RA+(TEMRA) CD45RO-CCR7- CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were measured by flow cytometry. CD4+ and CD8+ TEM and TEMRA were significantly enriched in SAT of PLWH compared to blood. The proportions of SAT CD4+ and CD8+ memory subsets were similar across metabolic status categories in the PLWH, but CD4+ T cell expression of the CD69 early-activation and tissue residence marker, particularly on TEM cells, increased with progressive glucose intolerance. Use of t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) identified a separate group of predominantly CD69lo TEM and TEMRA cells co-expressing CD57, CX3CR1, and GPR56, which were significantly greater in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Expression of the CX3CR1 and GPR56 markers indicate these TEM and TEMRA cells may have anti-viral specificity. Compared to HIV-negative controls, SAT from PLWH had an increased CD8:CD4 ratio, but the distribution of CD4+ and CD8+ memory subsets was similar irrespective of HIV status. Finally, whole adipose tissue from PLWH had significantly higher expression of TLR2, TLR8, and multiple chemokines potentially relevant to immune cell homing compared to HIV-negative controls with similar glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestine N. Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Wyatt J. McDonnell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Louise Barnett
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Joshua D. Simmons
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Briana D. Furch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Morgan C. Lima
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Beverly O. Woodward
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Run Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ye Fei
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Paxton G. Baker
- VANTAGE, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ramesh Ram
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark A. Pilkinton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Mona Mashayekhi
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Nancy J. Brown
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Simon A. Mallal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- VANTAGE, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Institute for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Spyros A. Kalams
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Tennessee Center for AIDS Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John R. Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Wanjalla CN, McDonnell WJ, Koethe JR. Adipose Tissue T Cells in HIV/SIV Infection. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2730. [PMID: 30559739 PMCID: PMC6286992 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue comprises one of the largest organs in the body and performs diverse functions including energy storage and release, regulation of appetite and other neuroendocrine signaling, and modulation of immuity, among others. Adipocytes reside in a complex compartment where antigen, antigen presenting cells, innate immune cells, and adaptive immune cells interact locally and exert systemic effects on inflammation, circulating immune cell profiles, and metabolic homeostasis. T lymphocytes are a major component of the adipose tissue milieu which are altered in disease states such as obesity and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. While obesity, HIV infection, and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV; a non-human primate virus similar to HIV) infection are accompanied by enrichment of CD8+ T cells in the adipose tissue, major phenotypic differences in CD4+ T cells and other immune cell populations distinguish HIV/SIV infection from obesity. Furthermore, DNA and RNA species of HIV and SIV can be detected in the stromal vascular fraction of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and replication-competent HIV resides in local CD4+ T cells. Here, we review studies of adipose tissue CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations in HIV and SIV, and contrast the findings with those reported in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celestine N Wanjalla
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Wyatt J McDonnell
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John R Koethe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center for Translational Immunology and Infectious Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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36
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Davies SS, May-Zhang LS. Isolevuglandins and cardiovascular disease. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 139:29-35. [PMID: 30296489 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Isolevuglandins are 4-ketoaldehydes formed by peroxidation of arachidonic acid. Isolevuglandins react rapidly with primary amines including the lysyl residues of proteins to form irreversible covalent modifications. This review highlights evidence for the potential role of isolevuglandin modification in the disease processes, especially atherosclerosis, and some of the tools including small molecule dicarbonyl scavengers utilized to assess their contributions to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Davies
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.
| | - Linda S May-Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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