1
|
Ruegsegger GN, Pataky MW, Simha S, Robinson MM, Klaus KA, Nair KS. High-intensity aerobic, but not resistance or combined, exercise training improves both cardiometabolic health and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:763-774. [PMID: 37616334 PMCID: PMC10642518 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00405.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated how different exercise training modalities influence skeletal muscle mitochondrial dynamics. Healthy [average body mass index (BMI): 25.8 kg/m2], sedentary younger and older participants underwent 12 wk of supervised high-intensity aerobic interval training (HIIT; n = 13), resistance training (RT; n = 14), or combined training (CT; n = 11). Mitochondrial structure was assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Regulators of mitochondrial fission and fusion, cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇o2peak), insulin sensitivity via a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and muscle mitochondrial respiration were assessed. TEM showed increased mitochondrial volume, number, and perimeter following HIIT (P < 0.01), increased mitochondrial number following CT (P < 0.05), and no change in mitochondrial abundance after RT. Increased mitochondrial volume associated with increased mitochondrial respiration and insulin sensitivity following HIIT (P < 0.05). Increased mitochondrial perimeter associated with increased mitochondrial respiration, insulin sensitivity, and V̇o2peak following HIIT (P < 0.05). No such relationships were observed following CT or RT. OPA1, a regulator of fusion, was increased following HIIT (P < 0.05), whereas FIS1, a regulator of fission, was decreased following HIIT and CT (P < 0.05). HIIT also increased the ratio of OPA1/FIS1 (P < 0.01), indicative of the balance between fission and fusion, which positively correlated with improvements in respiration, insulin sensitivity, and V̇o2peak (P < 0.05). In conclusion, HIIT induces a larger, more fused mitochondrial tubular network. Changes indicative of increased fusion following HIIT associate with improvements in mitochondrial respiration, insulin sensitivity, and V̇o2peak supporting the idea that enhanced mitochondrial fusion accompanies notable health benefits of HIIT.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We assessed the effects of 12 wk of supervised high-intensity interval training (HIIT), resistance training, and combined training (CT) on skeletal muscle mitochondrial abundance and markers of fission and fusion. HIIT increased mitochondrial area and size and promoted protein changes indicative of increased mitochondrial fusion, whereas lessor effects were observed after CT and no changes were observed after RT. Furthermore, increased mitochondrial area and size after HIIT associated with improved mitochondrial respiration, cardiorespiratory fitness, and insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory N Ruegsegger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Wisconsin-River Falls, River Falls, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Mark W Pataky
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Suvyaktha Simha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States
| | - Katherine A Klaus
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shaikh SR, Virk R, Van Dyke TE. Potential Mechanisms by Which Hydroxyeicosapentaenoic Acids Regulate Glucose Homeostasis in Obesity. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2316-2328. [PMID: 35709423 PMCID: PMC9776734 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of glucose metabolism in response to diet-induced obesity contributes toward numerous complications, such as insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Therefore, there is a need to develop effective strategies to improve glucose homeostasis. In this review, we first discuss emerging evidence from epidemiological studies and rodent experiments that increased consumption of EPA (either as oily fish, or dietary/pharmacological supplements) may have a role in preventing impairments in insulin and glucose homeostasis. We then review the current evidence on how EPA-derived metabolites known as hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acids (HEPEs) may be a major mode of action by which EPA exerts its beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. Notably, cell culture and rodent studies show that HEPEs prevent fat accumulation in metabolic tissues through peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-mediated mechanisms. In addition, activation of the resolvin E1 pathway, either by administration of EPA in the diet or via intraperitoneal administration of resolvin E1, improves hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and liver steatosis through multiple mechanisms. These mechanisms include shifting immune cell phenotypes toward resolution of inflammation and preventing dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. Finally, we present the next steps for this line of research that will drive future precision randomized clinical trials with EPA and its downstream metabolites. These include dissecting the variables that drive heterogeneity in the response to EPA, such as the baseline microbiome profile and fatty acid status, circadian rhythm, genetic variation, sex, and age. In addition, there is a critical need to further investigate mechanisms of action for HEPEs and to establish the concentration of HEPEs in differing tissues, particularly in response to consumption of oily fish and EPA-enriched supplements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School
of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rafia Virk
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School
of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas E Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth
Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Harvard School of
Dental Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kunz HE, Michie KL, Gries KJ, Zhang X, Ryan ZC, Lanza IR. A Randomized Trial of the Effects of Dietary n3-PUFAs on Skeletal Muscle Function and Acute Exercise Response in Healthy Older Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173537. [PMID: 36079794 PMCID: PMC9459748 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is critical for maintaining mobility, independence, and metabolic health in older adults. However, a common feature of aging is the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, which is often accompanied by mitochondrial impairments, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance. Exercise improves muscle strength, mitochondrial health, and cardiorespiratory fitness, but older adults often exhibit attenuated anabolic responses to acute exercise. Chronic inflammation associated with aging may contribute to this "anabolic resistance" and therapeutic interventions that target inflammation may improve exercise responsiveness. To this end, we conducted a randomized controlled trial to determine the effect of 6 months of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) supplementation on skeletal muscle function (mass, strength), mitochondrial physiology (respiration, ATP production, ROS generation), and acute exercise responsiveness at the level of the muscle (fractional synthesis rate) and the whole-body (amino acid kinetics) in healthy older adults. When compared with a corn oil placebo (n = 33; 71.5 ± 4.8 years), older adults treated with 4 g/day n3-PUFA (n = 30; 71.4 ± 4.5 years) exhibited modest but significant increases in muscle strength (3.1 ± 14.7% increase in placebo vs. 7.5 ± 14.1% increase in n3-PUFA; p = 0.039). These improvements in muscle strength with n3-PUFA supplementation occurred in the absence of any effects on mitochondrial function and a minor attenuation of the acute response to exercise compared to placebo. Together, these data suggest modest benefits of dietary n3-PUFAs to muscle function in healthy older adults. Future studies may elucidate whether n3-PUFA supplementation improves the exercise response in elderly individuals with co-morbidities, such as chronic inflammatory disease or sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hawley E. Kunz
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kelly L. Michie
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kevin J. Gries
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Professions, Concordia University of Wisconsin, Mequon, WI 53097, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zachary C. Ryan
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ian R. Lanza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Acute effects of prior dietary fat ingestion on postprandial metabolic responses to protein and carbohydrate co-ingestion in overweight and obese men: A randomised crossover trial. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1623-1635. [PMID: 35764009 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with an impaired sensitivity to anabolic stimuli such as dietary protein (anabolic resistance). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may be protective against the deleterious effects of saturated fatty acids (SFA) on insulin resistance. However, the contribution of excess fat consumption to anabolic and insulin resistance and the interaction between SFA and n-3 PUFA is not well studied. AIM The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effects of an oral fat pre-load, with or without the partial substitution of SFA with fish oil (FO)-derived n-3 PUFA, on indices of insulin and anabolic sensitivity in response to subsequent dietary protein and carbohydrate (dextrose) co-ingestion. METHODS Eight middle-aged males with overweight or obesity (52.8 ± 2.0 yr, BMI 31.8 ± 1.4 kg·m-2) ingested either an SFA, or isoenergetic SFA and FO emulsion (FO), or water/control (Con), 4 h prior to a bolus of milk protein and dextrose. RESULTS Lipid ingestion (in particular FO) impaired the early postprandial uptake of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) into the skeletal muscle in response to protein and dextrose, and attenuated the peak glycaemic response, but was not accompanied by differences in whole body (Matsuda Index: Con: 4.66 ± 0.89, SFA: 5.10 ± 0.94 and FO: 4.07 ± 0.59) or peripheral (forearm glucose netAUC: Con: 521.7 ± 101.7; SFA: 470.2 ± 125.5 and FO: 495.3 ± 101.6 μmol·min-1·100 g lean mass·min [t = 240-420 min]) insulin sensitivity between visits. Postprandial whole body fat oxidation was affected by visit (P = 0.024) with elevated rates in SFA and FO, relative to Con (1.85 ± 0.55; 2.19 ± 0.21 and 0.65 ± 0.35 kJ·h-1·kg-1 lean body mass, respectively), however muscle uptake of free fatty acids (FFA) was unaffected. CONCLUSION Oral lipid preloads, consisting of SFA and FO, impair the early postprandial BCAA uptake into skeletal muscle, which occurs independent of changes in insulin sensitivity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NUMBER ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03146286.
Collapse
|
5
|
Engelen MPKJ, Jonker R, Sulaiman H, Fisk HL, Calder PC, Deutz NEP. ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation improves postabsorptive and prandial protein metabolism in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:686-698. [PMID: 35849009 PMCID: PMC9437982 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbances in protein metabolism and impaired muscle health have been observed in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The ω-3 (n-3) PUFAs EPA and DHA are known for their anti-inflammatory and muscle health-enhancing properties. OBJECTIVES We examined whether daily EPA + DHA supplementation can improve daily protein homeostasis in patients with COPD by reducing postabsorptive whole-body protein breakdown (PB) and enhancing the anabolic response to feeding in a dose-dependent way. METHODS Normal-weight participants with moderate to severe COPD (n = 32) received daily for 4 wk, according to a randomized double-blind placebo controlled 3-group design, a high dose (3.5 g, n = 10) of EPA + DHA, a low dose (2.0 g, n = 10) of EPA + DHA, or placebo (olive oil, n = 12) via gel capsules. At pre- and postintervention, stable isotope tracers were infused to assess postabsorptive netPB [postabsorptive PB - protein synthesis (PS)] and the anabolic response (prandial netPS = prandial PS-PB) to a protein meal. In addition, muscle mass and function were measured. RESULTS Plasma phosphatidylcholine EPA and DHA concentrations were higher after 4 wk of supplementation in both EPA + DHA groups (P < 0.004), and there was a trend toward higher values for plasma EPA after the high compared with the low dose of EPA + DHA (P = 0.065). Postabsorptive PB was lower after 4 wk of the high dose of EPA + DHA, whereas netPB was lower independent of the dose of EPA + DHA (low dose, P = 0.037; high dose, P = 0.026). Prandial netPS was increased only after the high dose of EPA + DHA (P = 0.03). Extremity lean mass but not muscle function was increased, independent of the EPA + DHA dose (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Daily n-3 PUFA supplementation for 4 wk induces a shift toward a positive daily protein homeostasis in patients with COPD in part in a dose-dependent way. Daily doses up to 3.5 g EPA and DHA are still well tolerated and lead to protein gain in these patients. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01624792.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Renate Jonker
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Hooriya Sulaiman
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Helena L Fisk
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Papuc C, Goran GV, Predescu CN, Tudoreanu L, Ștefan G. Plant polyphenols mechanisms of action on insulin resistance and against the loss of pancreatic beta cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 62:325-352. [PMID: 32901517 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1815644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus describes a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a prolonged period hyperglycemia with long-lasting detrimental effects on the cardiovascular and nervous systems, kidney, vision, and immunity. Many plant polyphenols are shown to have beneficial activity for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, by different mechanisms. This review article is focused on synthesizing the mechanisms by which polyphenols decrease insulin resistance and inhibit loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function. To achieve the objectives, this review summarizes the results of the researches realized in recent years in clinical trials and in various experimental models, on the effects of foods rich in polyphenols, polyphenolic extracts, and commercially polyphenols on insulin resistance and β-cells death. Dietary polyphenols are able to reduce insulin resistance alleviating the IRS-1/PI3-k/Akt signaling pathway, and to reduce the loss of pancreatic islet β-cell mass and function by several molecular mechanisms, such as protection of the surviving machinery of cells against the oxidative insult; increasing insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells through activation of the FFAR1; cytoprotective effect on β-cells by activation of autophagy; protection of β-cells to act as activators for anti-apoptotic pathways and inhibitors for apoptotic pathway; stimulating of insulin release, presumably by transient ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibition and whole-cell Ca2+ stimulation; involvement in insulin release that act on ionic currents and membrane potential as inhibitor of delayed-rectifier K+ current (IK(DR)) and activator of current. dietary polyphenols could be used as potential anti-diabetic agents to prevent and alleviate diabetes and its complications, but further studies are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camelia Papuc
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghe V Goran
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina N Predescu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Tudoreanu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Ștefan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, UASVM of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Beneficial effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on the metabolic profile of obese female mice entails upregulation of HEPEs and increased abundance of enteric Akkermansia muciniphila. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159059. [PMID: 34619367 PMCID: PMC8627244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl esters are of interest given their clinical approval for lowering circulating triglycerides and cardiometabolic disease risk. EPA ethyl esters prevent metabolic complications driven by a high fat diet in male mice; however, their impact on female mice is less studied. Herein, we first investigated how EPA influences the metabolic profile of female C57BL/6J mice consuming a high fat diet. EPA lowered murine fat mass accumulation, potentially through increased biosynthesis of 8-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), as revealed by mass spectrometry and cell culture studies. EPA also reversed the effects of a high fat diet on circulating levels of insulin, glucose, and select inflammatory/metabolic markers. Next, we studied if the improved metabolic profile of obese mice consuming EPA was associated with a reduction in the abundance of key gut Gram-negative bacteria that contribute toward impaired glucose metabolism. Using fecal 16S-ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, we found EPA restructured the gut microbiota in a time-dependent manner but did not lower the levels of key Gram-negative bacteria. Interestingly, EPA robustly increased the abundance of the Gram-negative Akkermansia muciniphila, which controls glucose homeostasis. Finally, predictive functional profiling of microbial communities revealed EPA-mediated reversal of high fat diet-associated changes in a wide range of genes related to pathways such as Th-17 cell differentiation and PI3K-Akt signaling. Collectively, these results show that EPA ethyl esters prevent some of the deleterious effects of a high fat diet in female mice, which may be mediated mechanistically through 8-HEPE and the upregulation of intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila.
Collapse
|
8
|
Takeshita Y, Teramura C, Kamoshita K, Takayama H, Nakagawa H, Enyama Y, Ishii KA, Tanaka T, Goto H, Nakano Y, Osada S, Tanaka Y, Tokuyama K, Takamura T. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on serum levels of selenoprotein P and organ-specific insulin sensitivity in humans with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Investig 2021; 13:532-542. [PMID: 34670012 PMCID: PMC8902388 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Selenoprotein P (SeP, encoded by SELENOP in humans) is a hepatokine that causes insulin resistance in the liver and skeletal muscle. It was found that polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) downregulates Selenop expression by inactivating SREBP‐1c. The present study aimed to examine the effect of EPA for 12 weeks on circulating SeP levels and insulin sensitivity in humans with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 20 participants with dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to an EPA (900 mg, twice daily) group and a control group. The primary endpoint was a change in serum SeP levels. Organ‐specific insulin sensitivity in the liver (HGP and %HGP), skeletal muscle (Rd), and adipose tissue (FFA and %FFA) were assessed using a hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp study with stable isotope‐labeled glucose infusion. Results Serum SeP levels were not changed in either group at the end of the study. In the EPA group, the changes in SeP levels were positively correlated with the change in serum EPA levels (r = 0.709, P = 0.022). Treatment with EPA significantly enhanced %FFA but not %HGP and Rd. The change in serum EPA levels was significantly positively correlated with the change in %HGP, and negatively correlated with changes in Rd. Conclusions The change in serum EPA levels was positively correlated with serum SeP levels, hepatic insulin sensitivity, and negatively with skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in humans with type 2 diabetes. The EPA‐induced enhancement of hepatic insulin sensitivity might be associated with a mechanism independent of serum SeP levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumie Takeshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chisato Teramura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kamoshita
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takayama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakagawa
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Enyama
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyo-Aki Ishii
- Department of Integrative Medicine for Longevity, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takeo Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hisanori Goto
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yujiro Nakano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sachie Osada
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Tanaka
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tokuyama
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshinari Takamura
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kunz HE, Hart CR, Gries KJ, Parvizi M, Laurenti M, Dalla Man C, Moore N, Zhang X, Ryan Z, Polley EC, Jensen MD, Vella A, Lanza IR. Adipose tissue macrophage populations and inflammation are associated with systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E105-E121. [PMID: 33998291 PMCID: PMC8321823 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00070.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is accompanied by numerous systemic and tissue-specific derangements, including systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, and mitochondrial abnormalities in skeletal muscle. Despite growing recognition that adipose tissue dysfunction plays a role in obesity-related disorders, the relationship between adipose tissue inflammation and other pathological features of obesity is not well-understood. We assessed macrophage populations and measured the expression of inflammatory cytokines in abdominal adipose tissue biopsies in 39 nondiabetic adults across a range of body mass indexes (BMI 20.5-45.8 kg/m2). Skeletal muscle biopsies were used to evaluate mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production capacity, coupling, and reactive oxygen species production. Insulin sensitivity (SI) and β cell responsivity were determined from test meal postprandial glucose, insulin, c-peptide, and triglyceride kinetics. We examined the relationships between adipose tissue inflammatory markers, systemic inflammatory markers, SI, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial physiology. BMI was associated with increased adipose tissue and systemic inflammation, reduced SI, and reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity. Adipose-resident macrophage numbers were positively associated with circulating inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Local adipose tissue inflammation and circulating concentrations of TNFα and CRP were negatively associated with SI, and circulating concentrations of TNFα and CRP were also negatively associated with skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. These results demonstrate that obese humans exhibit increased adipose tissue inflammation concurrently with increased systemic inflammation, reduced insulin sensitivity, and reduced muscle oxidative capacity and suggest that adipose tissue and systemic inflammation may drive obesity-associated metabolic derangements.NEW AND NOTEWORTHY Adipose inflammation is proposed to be at the nexus of the systemic inflammation and metabolic derangements associated with obesity. The present study provides evidence to support adipose inflammation as a central feature of the pathophysiology of obesity. Adipose inflammation is associated with systemic and peripheral metabolic derangements, including increased systemic inflammation, reduced insulin sensitivity, and reduced skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hawley E Kunz
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Corey R Hart
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kevin J Gries
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mojtaba Parvizi
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Marcello Laurenti
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Chiara Dalla Man
- Biomedical Engineering and Physiology Graduate Program, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Natalie Moore
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Zachary Ryan
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric C Polley
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Adrian Vella
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pavlisova J, Horakova O, Kalendova V, Buresova J, Bardova K, Holendova B, Plecita-Hlavata L, Vackova S, Windrichova J, Topolcan O, Kopecky J, Rossmeisl M. Chronic n-3 fatty acid intake enhances insulin response to oral glucose and elevates GLP-1 in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. Food Funct 2021; 11:9764-9775. [PMID: 33078809 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01942a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can exert beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, especially in obese rodents. Gut incretin hormones regulate glucose and lipid homeostasis, but their involvement in the above effects is not entirely clear. This study aims to assess the effects of chronic n-3 PUFA administration on the insulin and incretin responses in C57BL/6N obese male mice subjected to oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) after 8 weeks of feeding a corn-oil-based high-fat diet (cHF). The weight gain and adiposity were partially reduced in mice fed cHF in which some of the corn oil was replaced with n-3 PUFA concentrate containing ∼60% DHA and EPA in a 3 : 1 ratio. In addition, these mice had improved glucose tolerance, which was consistent with an increased insulin response to oral glucose and plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels. While the stimulatory effects of n-3 PUFA on GLP-1 levels could not be attributed to changes in intestinal or plasma dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity, their beneficial effects on glucose tolerance were abolished when mice were pretreated with the GLP-1 receptor antagonist exendin 9-39. Moreover, chronic n-3 PUFA intake prevented the detrimental effects of cHF feeding on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the pancreatic islets. Collectively, our data suggest that n-3 PUFA may modulate postprandial glucose metabolism in obese mice through a GLP-1-based mechanism. The significance of these findings in terms of the effective DHA and EPA ratio of the n-3 PUFA concentrate as well as the effect of n-3 PUFA in humans requires further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pavlisova
- Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun Y, Wang J, Guo X, Zhu N, Niu L, Ding X, Xie Z, Chen X, Yang F. Oleic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Reverse Palmitic Acid-induced Insulin Resistance in Human HepG2 Cells via the Reactive Oxygen Species / JUN Pathway. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 19:754-771. [PMID: 33631425 PMCID: PMC9170756 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oleic acid (OA), a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), has previously been shown to reverse saturated fatty acid palmitic acid (PA)-induced hepatic insulin resistance (IR). However, its underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. In addition, previous studies have shown that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), reverses PA-induced muscle IR, but whether EPA plays the same role in hepatic IR and its possible mechanism involved need to be further clarified. Here, we confirmed that EPA reversed PA-induced IR in HepG2 cells and compared the proteomic changes in HepG2 cells after treatment with different free fatty acids (FFAs). A total of 234 proteins were determined to be differentially expressed after PA+OA treatment. Their functions were mainly related to responses to stress and endogenous stimuli, lipid metabolic process, and protein binding. For PA+EPA treatment, the PA-induced expression changes of 1326 proteins could be reversed by EPA, 415 of which were mitochondrial proteins, with most of the functional proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Mechanistic studies revealed that the protein encoded by JUN and reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a role in OA- and EPA-reversed PA-induced IR, respectively. EPA and OA alleviated PA-induced abnormal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, ROS generation, and calcium (Ca2+) content. Importantly, H2O2-activated production of ROS increased the protein expression of JUN, further resulting in IR in HepG2 cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that ROS/JUN is a common response pathway employed by HepG2 cells toward FFA-regulated IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Sun
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Nali Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lili Niu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhensheng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiulan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Fuquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals & Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Zhang T, Liu R, Chang M, Wei W, Jin Q, Wang X. New perspective toward nutritional support for malnourished cancer patients: Role of lipids. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1381-1421. [PMID: 33533186 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
To improve the difficulties related to malnutrition, nutritional support has become an essential part of multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment for cancer. Lipids are essential nutrient source for the human body, and nowadays in clinical practices, it has a positive interventional effect on patients suffering from cancer. However, contribution of lipids in nutritional support of cancer patients is still poorly understood. Moreover, the sensory and physicochemical properties of lipids can severely restrict their applications in lipid-rich formula foods. In this review article, for the first time, we have presented a summary of the existing studies which were related to the associations between different lipids and improved malnutrition in cancer patients and discussed possible mechanisms. Subsequently, we discussed the challenges and effective solutions during processing of lipids into formula foods. Further, by considering existing problems in current lipid nutritional support, we proposed a novel method for the treatment of malnutrition, including developing individualized lipid nutrition for different patients depending on the individual's genotype and enterotype. Nonetheless, this review study provides a new direction for future research on nutritional support and the development of lipid-rich formula foods for cancer patients, and probably will help to improve the efficacy of lipids in the treatment of cancer malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yandan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ruijie Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Ming Chang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wei W, Hu M, Huang J, Yu S, Li X, Li Y, Mao L. Anti-obesity effects of DHA and EPA in high fat-induced insulin resistant mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:1614-1625. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02448a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5) exert their anti-obesity effect by mechanisms dependent or independent of PPARγ and GPR120 signaling in insulin resistant mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Manjiang Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Siyan Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Yanhui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Limei Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
ω-3PUFA supplementation ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in subjects with obesity: a potential role for apolipoprotein E. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1331-1341. [PMID: 33753887 PMCID: PMC8159741 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00801-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFA) supplementation in animal models of diet-induced obesity has consistently shown to improve insulin sensitivity. The same is not always reported in human studies with insulin resistant (IR) subjects with obesity. OBJECTIVE We studied whether high-dose ω-3PUFA supplementation for 3 months improves insulin sensitivity and adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in IR subjects with obesity. METHODS Thirteen subjects (BMI = 39.3 ± 1.6 kg/m2) underwent 80 mU/m2·min euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp with subcutaneous (Sc) AT biopsy before and after 3 months of ω-3PUFA (DHA and EPA, 4 g/daily) supplementation. Cytoadipokine plasma profiles were assessed before and after ω-3PUFA. AT-specific inflammatory gene expression was evaluated on Sc fat biopsies. Microarray analysis was performed on the fat biopsies collected during the program. RESULTS Palmitic and stearic acid plasma levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) after ω-3PUFA. Gene expression of pro-inflammatory markers and adipokines were improved after ω-3PUFA (P < 0.05). Systemic inflammation was decreased after ω-3PUFA, as shown by cytokine assessment (P < 0.05). These changes were associated with a 25% increase in insulin-stimulated glucose disposal (4.7 ± 0.6 mg/kg ffm•min vs. 5.9 ± 0.9 mg/kg ffm•min) despite no change in body weight. Microarray analysis identified 53 probe sets significantly altered post- ω-3PUFA, with Apolipoprotein E (APOE) being one of the most upregulated genes. CONCLUSION High dose of long chain ω-3PUFA supplementation modulates significant changes in plasma fatty acid profile, AT, and systemic inflammation. These findings are associated with significant improvement of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Unbiased microarray analysis of Sc fat biopsy identified APOE as among the most differentially regulated gene after ω-3PUFA supplementation. We speculate that ω-3PUFA increases macrophage-derived APOE mRNA levels with anti-inflammatory properties.
Collapse
|
15
|
Abid H, Ryan ZC, Delmotte P, Sieck GC, Lanza IR. Extramyocellular interleukin-6 influences skeletal muscle mitochondrial physiology through canonical JAK/STAT signaling pathways. FASEB J 2020; 34:14458-14472. [PMID: 32885495 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000965rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine that has been shown to be produced acutely by skeletal muscle in response to exercise, yet chronically elevated with obesity and aging. The mechanisms by which IL-6 influences skeletal muscle mitochondria acutely and chronically are unclear. To better understand the influence of extramyocellular IL-6 on skeletal muscle mitochondrial physiology, we treated differentiated myotubes with exogenous IL-6 to evaluate the dose- and duration-dependent effects of IL-6 on salient aspects of mitochondrial biology and the role of canonical IL-6 signaling in muscle cells. Acute exposure of myotubes to IL-6 increased the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and oxygen consumption rates (JO2 ) in a manner that was dependent on activation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Furthermore, STAT3 activation by IL-6 was partly attenuated by MitoQ, a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, suggesting that mtROS potentiates STAT3 signaling in skeletal muscle in response to IL-6 exposure. In concert with effects on mitochondrial physiology, acute IL-6 exposure induced several mitochondrial adaptations, consistent with the stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion. Exposure of myotubes to chronically elevated IL-6 further increased mtROS with eventual loss of respiratory capacity. These data provide new evidence supporting the interplay between cytokine signaling and mitochondrial physiology in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hinnah Abid
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zachary C Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Philippe Delmotte
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
EPA/DHA Concentrate by Urea Complexation Decreases Hyperinsulinemia and Increases Plin5 in the Liver of Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143289. [PMID: 32698439 PMCID: PMC7397222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic acid (EPA/DHA) reduces insulin resistance and hepatic manifestations through the regulation of metabolism in the liver. Obese mice present insulin resistance and lipid accumulation in intracellular lipid droplets (LDs). LD-associated proteins perilipin (Plin) have an essential role in both adipogenesis and lipolysis; Plin5 regulates lipolysis and thus contributes to fat oxidation. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of deodorized refined salmon oil (DSO) and its polyunsaturated fatty acids concentrate (CPUFA) containing EPA and DHA, obtained by complexing with urea, on obesity-induced metabolic alteration. CPUFA maximum content was determined using the Box-Behnken experimental design based on Surface Response Methodology. The optimized CPUFA was administered to high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice (200 mg/kg/day of EPA + DHA) for 8 weeks. No significant differences (p > 0.05) in cholesterol, glycemia, LDs or transaminase content were found. Fasting insulin and hepatic Plin5 protein level increased in the group supplemented with the EPA + DHA optimized product (38.35 g/100 g total fatty acids) compared to obese mice without fish oil supplementation. The results suggest that processing salmon oil by urea concentration can generate an EPA+DHA dose useful to prevent the increase of fasting insulin and the decrease of Plin5 in the liver of insulin-resistant mice.
Collapse
|
17
|
Yarizadeh H, Setayesh L, Roberts C, Yekaninejad MS, Mirzaei K. Nutrient pattern of unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E increase resting metabolic rate of overweight and obese women. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2020; 92:214-222. [PMID: 32672509 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Obesity plays an important role in the development of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A low resting metabolic rate (RMR) for a given body size and composition is a risk factor for obesity, however, there is limited evidence available regarding the association of nutrient patterns and RMR. The aim of this study was to determine the association of nutrient patterns and RMR in overweight and obese women. Study design: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 360 women who were overweight or obese. Method: Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Nutrient patterns were also extracted by principal components analysis (PCA). All participants were evaluated for their body composition, RMR, and blood parameters. Result: Three nutrient patterns explaining 64% of the variance in dietary nutrients consumption were identified as B-complex-mineral, antioxidant, and unsaturated fatty acid and vitamin E (USFA-vit E) respectively. Participants were categorized into two groups based on the nutrient patterns. High scores of USFA-vit E pattern was significantly associated with the increase of RMR (β = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.79 to 68.16, p = 0.04). No significant associations were found among B-complex-mineral pattern (β = -0.00, 95% CI = -49.67 to 46.03, p = 0.94) and antioxidant pattern (β = 0.03, 95% CI -41.42 to 22.59, p = 0.56) with RMR. Conclusion: Our results suggested that the "USFA-vit E" pattern (such as PUFA, oleic, linoleic, vit.E, α-tocopherol and EPA) was associated with increased RMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yarizadeh
- Students' Scientific Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 1417755331, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Caroline Roberts
- Department of Nutritional Sciences School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building room 4.108
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Medical Sciences/University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
van der Meij BS, Mazurak VC. Fish oil supplementation and maintaining muscle mass in chronic disease: state of the evidence. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2020; 23:164-173. [PMID: 32167986 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Providing eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the form of fish oils, to benefit muscle is an emerging area of interest. The aim of this work was to evaluate the current literature that has assessed muscle mass as an outcome during a fish oil intervention in any chronic disease. RECENT FINDINGS The vast majority of studies published in the last 3 years (12 of 15) have been conducted in the oncological setting, in patients undergoing treatment for cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, breast, head and neck, lung, cervix, and hematological cancers. Three studies were conducted in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fish oil was provided as part of nutrient mixtures in 12 studies and as capsules in three studies. SUMMARY Overall, the evidence for an effect of fish oil supplementation on muscle mass in patients with cancer undergoing treatment and in COPD remains unequivocal and reveals limited new knowledge in the area of fish oil supplementation in the cancer setting. Recent literature continues to provide mixed evidence on the efficacy of fish oil on muscle mass and function. The present review highlights challenges in comparing and interpreting current studies aimed at testing fish oil supplementation for muscle health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B S van der Meij
- Bond University Nutrition and Dietetics Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Gold Coast
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Mater Group, Brisbane
- Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Faculty of Agricultural Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rossmeisl M, Pavlisova J, Bardova K, Kalendova V, Buresova J, Kuda O, Kroupova P, Stankova B, Tvrzicka E, Fiserova E, Horakova O, Kopecky J. Increased plasma levels of palmitoleic acid may contribute to beneficial effects of Krill oil on glucose homeostasis in dietary obese mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158732. [PMID: 32371092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsatuarted fatty acids (PUFA) are associated with hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, omega-3 PUFA, usually administered as triacylglycerols or ethyl esters, could also compromise glucose metabolism, especially in obese type 2 diabetics. Phospholipids represent an alternative source of omega-3 PUFA, but their impact on glucose homeostasis is poorly explored. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed for 8 weeks a corn oil-based high-fat diet (cHF) alone or cHF-based diets containing eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (~3%; wt/wt), admixed either as a concentrate of re-esterified triacylglycerols (ω3TG) or Krill oil containing mainly phospholipids (ω3PL). Lean controls were fed a low-fat diet. Insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps), parameters of glucose homeostasis, adipose tissue function, and plasma levels of N-acylethanolamines, monoacylglycerols and fatty acids were determined. Feeding cHF induced obesity and worsened (~4.3-fold) insulin sensitivity as determined by clamp. Insulin sensitivity was almost preserved in ω3PL but not ω3TG mice. Compared with cHF mice, endogenous glucose production was reduced to 47%, whereas whole-body and muscle glycogen synthesis increased ~3-fold in ω3PL mice that showed improved adipose tissue function and elevated plasma adiponectin levels. Besides eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids, principal component analysis of plasma fatty acids identified palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7) as the most discriminating analyte whose levels were increased in ω3PL mice and correlated negatively with the degree of cHF-induced glucose intolerance. While palmitoleic acid from Krill oil may help improve glucose homeostasis, our findings provide a general rationale for using omega-3 PUFA-containing phospholipids as nutritional supplements with potent insulin-sensitizing effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Rossmeisl
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Pavlisova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Kalendova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Buresova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Kroupova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Stankova
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tvrzicka
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Fiserova
- Department of Mathematical Analysis and Applications of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Horakova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jannas‐Vela S, Klingel SL, Cervone DT, Wickham KA, Heigenhauser GJF, Mutch DM, Holloway GP, Spriet LL. Resting metabolic rate and skeletal muscle SERCA and Na + /K + ATPase activities are not affected by fish oil supplementation in healthy older adults. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14408. [PMID: 32342642 PMCID: PMC7186565 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have unique properties purported to influence several aspects of metabolism, including energy expenditure and protein function. Supplementing with n-3 PUFAs may increase whole-body resting metabolic rate (RMR), by enhancing Na+ /K+ ATPase (NKA) activity and reducing the efficiency of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) activity by inducing a Ca2+ leak-pump cycle. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of fish oil (FO) on RMR, substrate oxidation, and skeletal muscle SERCA and NKA pump function in healthy older individuals. Subjects (n = 16 females; n = 8 males; 65 ± 1 years) were randomly assigned into groups supplemented with either olive oil (OO) (5 g/day) or FO (5 g/day) containing 2 g/day eicosapentaenoic acid and 1 g/day docosahexaenoic acid for 12 weeks. Participants visited the laboratory for RMR and substrate oxidation measurements after an overnight fast at weeks 0 and 12. Skeletal muscle biopsies were taken during weeks 0 and 12 for analysis of NKA and SERCA function and protein content. There was a main effect of time with decrease in RMR (5%) and fat oxidation (18%) in both the supplementation groups. The kinetic parameters of SERCA and NKA maximal activity, as well as the expression of SR and NKA proteins, were not affected after OO and FO supplementation. In conclusion, these results suggest that FO supplementation is not effective in altering RMR, substrate oxidation, and skeletal muscle SERCA and NKA protein levels and activities, in healthy older men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jannas‐Vela
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
- Exercise Science LaboratorySchool of KinesiologyFaculty of MedicineUniversidad Finis TerraeSantiagoChile
| | - Shannon L. Klingel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Daniel T. Cervone
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Kate A. Wickham
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | | | - David M. Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Graham P. Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| | - Lawrence L. Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional SciencesUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xyda SE, Vuckovic I, Petterson XM, Dasari S, Lalia AZ, Parvizi M, Macura SI, Lanza IR. Distinct Influence of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on the Plasma Metabolome of Healthy Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:875-884. [PMID: 31168623 PMCID: PMC7164537 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glz141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) are well recognized for their potent triglyceride-lowering effects, but the potential influence of these bioactive lipids on other biological processes, particularly in the context of healthy aging, remains unknown. With the goal of gaining new insight into some less well-characterized biological effects of n3-PUFAs in healthy older adults, we performed metabolomics of fasting peripheral blood plasma collected from 12 young adults and 12 older adults before and after an open-label intervention of n3-PUFA (3.9 g/day, 2.7 g eicosapentaenoic [EPA], 1.2 g docosahexaenoic [DHA]). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) based lipoprotein subclass analysis revealed the expected reduction in total triglyceride (TG), but also demonstrated that n3-PUFA supplementation reduced very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particle number, modestly increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and shifted the composition of HDL subclasses. Further metabolite profiling by 1H-NMR and mass spectrometry revealed pronounced changes in phospholipids, cholesterol esters, diglycerides, and triglycerides following n3-PUFA supplementation. Furthermore, significant changes in hydroxyproline, kynurenine, and 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropionic acid (CMPF) following n3-PUFA supplementation provide further insight into some less well-recognized biological effects of n3-PUFA supplementation, including possible effects on protein metabolism, the kynurenine pathway, and glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souzana-Eirini Xyda
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Antigoni Z Lalia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Mojtaba Parvizi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Slobodan I Macura
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Delarue J. Are marine n-3 fatty acids protective towards insulin resistance? From cell to human. Proc Nutr Soc 2020; 79:1-11. [PMID: 32138806 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665120000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Marine n-3 fatty acids improve most of the biochemical alterations associated with insulin resistance (IR). Experimental models of dietary-induced IR in rodents have shown their ability (often at a very high dose) to prevent IR, but with sometimes a tissue specific effect. However, in a high sucrose diet-induced IR rat model, they are unable to reverse IR once installed; in other rodent models (dexamethasone, Zucker rats), they are inefficacious perhaps because of the severity of IR. The very low incidence of type-2 diabetes (T2D) in Inuits in the 1960s, which largely increased over the following decades in parallel to the replacement of their traditional marine food for a western diet strongly suggests a protective effect of marine n-3 towards the risk of T2D; this was confirmed by reversal of its incidence in intervention studies reintroducing their traditional food. In healthy subjects and insulin-resistant non-diabetic patients, most trials and meta-analyses conclude to an insulin-sensitising effect and to a very probable preventive or alleviating effect towards IR. Concerning the risk of T2D, concordant data allow us to conclude the protective effect of marine n-3 in Asians while suspicion exists of an aggravation of risk in Westerners, but with the possibility that it could be explained by a high heterogeneity of studies performed in this population. Some longitudinal cohorts in US/European people showed no association or a decreased risk. Further studies using more homogeneous doses, sources of n-3 and assessment of insulin sensitivity methods are required to better delineate their effects in Westerners.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Delarue
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Laboratory of Human Nutrition, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine/University of Brest, Brittany, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Han L, Zhao LH, Zhang ML, Li HT, Gao ZZ, Zheng XJ, Wang XM, Wu HR, Zheng YJ, Jiang XT, Ding QY, Yang HY, Jia WP, Tong XL. A Novel Antidiabetic Monomers Combination Alleviates Insulin Resistance Through Bacteria-Cometabolism-Inflammation Responses. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:173. [PMID: 32132984 PMCID: PMC7040028 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study sought to examine the therapeutic effect of a novel antidiabetic monomer combination (AMC) in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); while also elucidating the potential functional mechanism. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to establish T2DM. The AMC group showed significant reduction in weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and experienced reduced insulin resistance based on oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp testing (“gold standard” for determining in vivo insulin sensitivity). Further, AMC restored the altered intestinal flora by increasing the abundance of the beneficial bacteria Akkermansia, and decreasing the number of harmful bacteria, including Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Prevotella 9, Alistipes, and Parabacteroides. Components of the host-microbial metabolome were also significantly changed in the AMC group compared to the HFD group, including hydroxyphenyllactic acid, palmitoleic acid, dodecanoic acid, linoleic acid, and erucic acid. Furthermore, AMC was found to inhibit inflammation and suppress signaling pathways related to insulin resistance. Lastly, spearman correlation analysis revealed relationships between altered microbial community and co-metabolite levels, co-metabolites and inflammatory cytokines. Hence, the potential mechanism responsible for AMC-mediated alleviation of insulin resistance was suggested to be involved in modulation of bacteria-cometabolism-inflammation responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Hua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Laboratory of Molecular and Biology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Liang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua-Ting Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ze-Zheng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine, and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Miao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Ran Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Tian Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qi-You Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Yu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ping Jia
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Grunwald SA, Popp O, Haafke S, Jedraszczak N, Grieben U, Saar K, Patone G, Kress W, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Dittmar G, Spuler S. Statin-induced myopathic changes in primary human muscle cells and reversal by a prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2158. [PMID: 32034223 PMCID: PMC7005895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58668-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Statin-related muscle side effects are a constant healthcare problem since patient compliance is dependent on side effects. Statins reduce plasma cholesterol levels and can prevent secondary cardiovascular diseases. Although statin-induced muscle damage has been studied, preventive or curative therapies are yet to be reported. We exposed primary human muscle cell populations (n = 22) to a lipophilic (simvastatin) and a hydrophilic (rosuvastatin) statin and analyzed their expressome. Data and pathway analyses included GOrilla, Reactome and DAVID. We measured mevalonate intracellularly and analyzed eicosanoid profiles secreted by human muscle cells. Functional assays included proliferation and differentiation quantification. More than 1800 transcripts and 900 proteins were differentially expressed after exposure to statins. Simvastatin had a stronger effect on the expressome than rosuvastatin, but both statins influenced cholesterol biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, eicosanoid synthesis, proliferation, and differentiation of human muscle cells. Cultured human muscle cells secreted ω-3 and ω-6 derived eicosanoids and prostaglandins. The ω-6 derived metabolites were found at higher levels secreted from simvastatin-treated primary human muscle cells. Eicosanoids rescued muscle cell differentiation. Our data suggest a new aspect on the role of skeletal muscle in cholesterol metabolism. For clinical practice, the addition of omega-n fatty acids might be suitable to prevent or treat statin-myopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Anke Grunwald
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
| | - Oliver Popp
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Stefanie Haafke
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Nicole Jedraszczak
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Ulrike Grieben
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Kathrin Saar
- Genetics and Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Giannino Patone
- Genetics and Genomics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Wolfram Kress
- Institute for Human Genetics, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, 97074, Germany
| | | | - Gunnar Dittmar
- Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, 13125, Germany
- Mass Spectrometry Facility, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - Simone Spuler
- Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Charité Universitätsmedizin and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, 13125, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kunz HE, Dasari S, Lanza IR. EPA and DHA elicit distinct transcriptional responses to high-fat feeding in skeletal muscle and liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E460-E472. [PMID: 31265326 PMCID: PMC6766610 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00083.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert numerous beneficial biological effects and attenuate diet-induced insulin resistance in rodent models. In the present study, the independent, tissue-specific effects of two nutritionally relevant n-3 PUFAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were characterized in the context of a high-fat diet (HFD). EPA and DHA supplementation (3.2% of total fat) in 6-mo-old male C57BL/6 mice fed an HFD (60% fat) partially mitigated reductions in insulin sensitivity. At 5 wk, the area above the curve below baseline glucose following an intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test was 54.5% lower in HFD than control, whereas HFD + EPA and HFD + DHA showed 27.6% and 17.1% reductions, respectively. At 10 wk, HFD increased mitochondrial oxidative capacity supported by lipid and carbohydrate-based substrates in both liver and skeletal muscle (P < 0.05), with little effect of EPA or DHA supplementation. Whole genome transcriptomic analyses revealed HFD-induced transcriptional changes indicative of inflammation and fibrosis in both liver and muscle. Gene set enrichment analyses indicated a downregulation of transcripts associated with extracellular matrix in muscle (family-wise error rate P < 0.01) and liver (P = 0.04) and in transcripts associated with inflammation in muscle (P = 0.03) in HFD + DHA compared with HFD alone. In contrast, EPA appeared to potentiate some proinflammatory effects of the HFD. In the skeletal muscle, DHA increased the expression of stress-responsive genes, whereas EPA upregulated the expression of transcripts related to cell cycle. Therefore, although both EPA and DHA supplementation during HFD partially preserve insulin signaling, they modulate distinct processes, highlighting their unique biological effects in the context of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hawley E Kunz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Løvsletten NG, Bakke SS, Kase ET, Ouwens DM, Thoresen GH, Rustan AC. Increased triacylglycerol - Fatty acid substrate cycling in human skeletal muscle cells exposed to eicosapentaenoic acid. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208048. [PMID: 30496314 PMCID: PMC6264501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has previously been shown that pretreatment of differentiated human skeletal muscle cells (myotubes) with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) promoted increased uptake of fatty acids and increased triacylglycerol accumulation, compared to pretreatment with oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA). The aim of the present study was to examine whether EPA could affect substrate cycling in human skeletal muscle cells by altering lipolysis rate of intracellular TAG and re-esterification of fatty acids. Fatty acid metabolism was studied in human myotubes using a mixture of fatty acids, consisting of radiolabelled oleic acid as tracer (14C-OA) together with EPA or PA. Co-incubation of myotubes with EPA increased cell-accumulation and incomplete fatty acid oxidation of 14C-OA compared to co-incubation with PA. Lipid distribution showed higher incorporation of 14C-OA into all cellular lipids after co-incubation with EPA relative to PA, with most markedly increases (3 to 4-fold) for diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol. Further, the increases in cellular lipids after co-incubation with EPA were accompanied by higher lipolysis and fatty acid re-esterification rate. Correspondingly, basal respiration, proton leak and maximal respiration were significantly increased in cells exposed to EPA compared to PA. Microarray and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that EPA, related to PA, significantly changed i.e. the GO terms "Neutral lipid metabolic process" and "Regulation of lipid storage". Finally, an inhibitor of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 decreased the effect of EPA to promote fatty acid accumulation. In conclusion, incubation of human myotubes with EPA, compared to PA, increased processes of fatty acid turnover and oxidation suggesting that EPA may activate futile substrate cycling of fatty acids in human myotubes. Increased TAG-FA cycling may be involved in the potentially favourable effects of long-chain polyunsaturated n-3 fatty acids on skeletal muscle and whole-body energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils G. Løvsletten
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Siril S. Bakke
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eili T. Kase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - D. Margriet Ouwens
- German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, Duesseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - G. Hege Thoresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C. Rustan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fan R, Koehler K, Chung S. Adaptive thermogenesis by dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: Emerging evidence and mechanisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1864:59-70. [PMID: 29679742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Brown/beige fat plays a crucial role in maintaining energy homeostasis through non-shivering thermogenesis in response to cold temperature and excess nutrition (adaptive thermogenesis). Although numerous molecular and genetic regulators have been identified, relatively little information is available regarding thermogenic dietary molecules. Recently, a growing body of evidence suggests that high consumption of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) or activation of GPR120, a membrane receptor of n-3 PUFA, stimulate adaptive thermogenesis. In this review, we summarize the emerging evidence that n-3 PUFA promote brown/beige fat formation and highlight the potential mechanisms whereby n-3 PUFA require GPR120 as a signaling platform or act independently. Human clinical trials are revisited in the context of energy expenditure. Additionally, we explore some future perspective that n-3 PUFA intake might be a useful strategy to boost or sustain metabolic activities of brown/beige fat at different lifecycle stages of pregnancy and senescence. Given that a high ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA intake is associated with the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes, understanding the impact of n-6/n-3 ratio on energy expenditure and adaptive thermogenesis will inform the implementation of a novel nutritional strategy for preventing obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Karsten Koehler
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Soonkyu Chung
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Baynes HW, Mideksa S, Ambachew S. The role of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on the pancreatic β-cells and insulin action. Adipocyte 2018. [PMID: 29537934 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1443662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated Fatty acids have multiple effects in peripheral tissues and pancreatic beta cell function. The n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty acids prevent and reverse high-fat-diet induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Insulin secretion is stimulated by glucose, amino acids, and glucagon- like peptide-1 in tissue containing high levels of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty acids than lower level of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty acids. Also, n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty acids led to decreased production of prostaglandin, which in turn contributed to the elevation of insulin secretion. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent cytokine-induced cell death in pancreatic islets. Supplementation of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty acids for human subjects prevent beta cell destruction and insulin resistance. It also enhances insulin secretion, reduction in lipid profiles and glucose concentration particularly in type II diabetes patients. Therefore there should be a focus on the treatment mechanism of insulin related obesity and diabetes by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Wondifraw Baynes
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
| | - Seifu Mideksa
- Clinical Chemistry laboratory, Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Northern, Ethiopia
| | - Sintayehu Ambachew
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Northwest Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yanai H, Masui Y, Katsuyama H, Adachi H, Kawaguchi A, Hakoshima M, Waragai Y, Harigae T, Sako A. An Improvement of Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. J Clin Med Res 2018; 10:281-289. [PMID: 29511415 PMCID: PMC5827911 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr3362w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
An epidemiological survey in the Northwest Greenland reported that the Greenlanders have a lower frequency of acute myocardial infarction and diabetes mellitus. The very low incidence of ischemic heart disease in the Greenlanders was explained by consumption of a diet rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Possible anti-atherothrombotic effects of omega-3 PUFA include an improvement of lipid metabolism such as a reduction of triglyceride and an increase of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and glucose metabolism, anti-platelet activity, anti-inflammatory effects, an improvement of endothelial function and stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque. The present study reviews an improvement of cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia and diabetes due to consumption of omega-3 PUFA. A sufficient number of studies suggest that omega-3 PUFA supplementation reduces serum triglyceride and increases HDL-cholesterol. The mechanisms for omega-3 PUFA-mediated improvements of lipid metabolism have been partially elucidated. The studies using experimental animals, part of trials in humans, have shown the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFA on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. The meta-analysis showed that omega-3 PUFA might prevent development of diabetes in part of population. Further studies should be performed to elucidate the association of omega-3 PUFA supplementation with diabetes, in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Masui
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hisayuki Katsuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Adachi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mariko Hakoshima
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Waragai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tadanao Harigae
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akahito Sako
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kuda O, Rossmeisl M, Kopecky J. Omega-3 fatty acids and adipose tissue biology. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 64:147-160. [PMID: 29329795 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review provides evidence for the importance of white and brown adipose tissue (i.e. WAT and BAT) function for the maintenance of healthy metabolic phenotype and its preservation in response to omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA), namely in the context of diseased states linked to aberrant accumulation of body fat, systemic low-grade inflammation, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. More specifically, the review deals with (i) the concept of immunometabolism, i.e. how adipose-resident immune cells and adipocytes affect each other and define the immune-metabolic interface; and (ii) the characteristic features of "healthy adipocytes" in WAT, which are relatively small fat cells endowed with a high capacity for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, triacylglycerol/fatty acid (TAG/FA) cycling and de novo lipogenesis (DNL). The intrinsic metabolic features of WAT and their flexible regulations, reflecting the presence of "healthy adipocytes", provide beneficial local and systemic effects, including (i) protection against in situ endoplasmic reticulum stress and related inflammatory response during activation of adipocyte lipolysis; (ii) prevention of ectopic fat accumulation and dyslipidemia caused by increased hepatic VLDL synthesis, as well as prevention of lipotoxic damage of insulin signaling in extra-adipose tissues; and also (iii) increased synthesis of anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing lipid mediators with pro-resolving properties, including the branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs), also depending on the activity of DNL in WAT. The "healthy adipocytes" phenotype can be induced in WAT of obese mice in response to various stimuli including dietary omega-3 PUFA, especially when combined with moderate calorie restriction, and possibly also with other life style (e.g. physical activity) or pharmacological (e.g. thiazolidinediones) interventions. While omega-3 PUFA could exert beneficial systemic effects by improving immunometabolism of WAT without a concomitant induction of BAT, it is currently not clear whether the metabolic effects of the combined intervention using omega-3 PUFA and calorie restriction or thiazolidinediones depend also on the activation of BAT function and/or the induction of brite/beige adipocytes in WAT. It remains to be established why omega-3 PUFA intervention in type 2 diabetic subjects does not improve insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis despite inducing various anti-inflammatory mediators in WAT, including the recently discovered docosahexaenoyl esters of hydroxy linoleic acid, the lipokines from the FAHFA family, as well as several endocannabinoid-related anti-inflammatory lipids. To answer the question whether and to which extent omega-3 PUFA supplementation could promote the formation of "healthy adipocytes" in WAT of human subjects, namely in the obese insulin-resistant patients, represents a challenging task that is of great importance for the treatment of some serious non-communicable diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, 1083 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, 1083 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska, 1083 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zare Javid A, Maghsoumi-Norouzabad L, Ashrafzadeh E, Yousefimanesh HA, Zakerkish M, Ahmadi Angali K, Ravanbakhsh M, Babaei H. Impact of Cranberry Juice Enriched with Omega-3 Fatty Acids Adjunct with Nonsurgical Periodontal Treatment on Metabolic Control and Periodontal Status in Type 2 Patients with Diabetes with Periodontal Disease. J Am Coll Nutr 2017; 37:71-79. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1357509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Zare Javid
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center & Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Leila Maghsoumi-Norouzabad
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center & Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Para Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Ashrafzadeh
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center & Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Nutrition, School of Para Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hojat Allah Yousefimanesh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Zakerkish
- Health Research Institute, Diabetes Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
- Biostatistics Division, Health Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Maryam Ravanbakhsh
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hosein Babaei
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
de Oliveira MR, Nabavi SF, Nabavi SM, Jardim FR. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mitochondria, back to the future. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
33
|
Soleimani Z, Hashemdokht F, Bahmani F, Taghizadeh M, Memarzadeh MR, Asemi Z. Clinical and metabolic response to flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in patients with diabetic foot ulcer: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1394-1400. [PMID: 28716357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on the effects of flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in subjects with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) are scarce. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on wound healing and metabolic status in subjects with DFU. METHODS The current randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 subjects (aged 40-85years old) with grade 3 DFU. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups (30 subjects each group) to receive either 1000mg omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil supplements or placebo twice a day for 12weeks. RESULTS After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation resulted in significant decreases in ulcer length (-2.0±2.3 vs. -1.0±1.1cm, P=0.03), width (-1.8±1.7 vs. -1.0±1.0cm, P=0.02) and depth (-0.8±0.6 vs. -0.5±0.5cm, P=0.01). Additionally, significant reductions in serum insulin concentrations (-4.4±5.5 vs. +1.4±8.3 μIU/mL, P=0.002), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (-2.1±3.0 vs. +1.0±5.0, P=0.005) and HbA1c (-0.9±1.5 vs. -0.1±0.4%, P=0.01), and a significant rise in the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01±0.01 vs. -0.005±0.02, P=0.002) were seen following supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids compared with the placebo. In addition, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation significantly decreased serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-25.5±31.5 vs. -8.2±18.9μg/mL, P=0.01), and significantly increased plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (+83.5±111.7 vs. -73.4±195.5mmol/L, P<0.001) and glutathione (GSH) concentrations (+60.7±140.2 vs. -15.5±129.7μmol/L, P=0.03) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS Overall, omega-3 fatty acids supplementation for 12weeks among subjects with DFU had beneficial effects on parameters of ulcer size, markers of insulin metabolism, serum hs-CRP, plasma TAC and GSH levels. In addition, flaxseed oil omega-3 fatty acids may have played an indirect role in wound healing due to its effects on improved metabolic profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Soleimani
- Department of Infectious Disease, school of medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hashemdokht
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran
| | - Fereshteh Bahmani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran
| | | | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R., Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oscarsson J, Hurt-Camejo E. Omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and their mechanisms of action on apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in humans: a review. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:149. [PMID: 28797250 PMCID: PMC5553798 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological and genetic studies suggest that elevated triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein levels in the circulation increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. Prescription formulations of omega-3 fatty acids (OM3FAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), reduce plasma TG levels and are approved for the treatment of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia. Many preclinical studies have investigated the TG-lowering mechanisms of action of OM3FAs, but less is known from clinical studies. Methods We conducted a review, using systematic methodology, of studies in humans assessing the mechanisms of action of EPA and DHA on apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, including TG-rich lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). A systematic search of PubMed retrieved 55 articles, of which 30 were used in the review; 35 additional arrticles were also included. Results In humans, dietary DHA is retroconverted to EPA, while production of DHA from EPA is not observed. Dietary DHA is preferentially esterified into TGs, while EPA is more evenly esterified into TGs, cholesterol esters and phospholipids. The preferential esterification of DHA into TGs likely explains the higher turnover of DHA than EPA in plasma. The main effects of both EPA and DHA are decreased fasting and postprandial serum TG levels, through reduction of hepatic very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-TG production. The exact mechanism for reduced VLDL production is not clear but does not include retention of lipids in the liver; rather, increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation is likely. The postprandial reduction in TG levels is caused by increased lipoprotein lipase activity and reduced serum VLDL-TG concentrations, resulting in enhanced chylomicron clearance. Overall, no clear differences between the effects of EPA and DHA on TG levels, or on turnover of TG-rich lipoproteins, have been observed. Effects on LDL are complex and may be influenced by genetics, such as APOE genotype. Conclusions EPA and DHA diminish fasting circulating TG levels via reduced production of VLDL. The mechanism of reduced VLDL production does not involve hepatic retention of lipids. Lowered postprandial TG levels are also explained by increased chylomicron clearance. Little is known about the specific cellular and biochemical mechanisms underlying the TG-lowering effects of EPA and DHA in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Oscarsson
- AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Eva Hurt-Camejo
- AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-431 83, Mölndal, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hames KC, Morgan-Bathke M, Harteneck DA, Zhou L, Port JD, Lanza IR, Jensen MD. Very-long-chain ω-3 fatty acid supplements and adipose tissue functions: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:1552-1558. [PMID: 28424185 PMCID: PMC5445674 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.148114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Increased omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid consumption is reported to benefit patients with metabolic syndrome, possibly due to improved adipose tissue function.Objective: We tested the effects of high-dose, very-long-chain ω-3 fatty acids on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin regulation of lipolysis.Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared 6 mo of 3.9 g eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/d (4.2 g total ω-3/d; n = 12) with a placebo (4.2 g oleate/d; n = 9) in insulin-resistant adults. Before and after treatment, the volunteers underwent adipose tissue biopsies to measure the total (CD68+), pro- (CD14+ = M1), and anti- (CD206+ = M2) inflammatory macrophages, crown-like structures, and senescent cells, as well as a 2-step pancreatic clamping with a [U-13C]palmitate infusion to determine the insulin concentration needed to suppress palmitate flux by 50% (IC50(palmitate)f).Results: In the ω-3 group, the EPA and DHA contributions to plasma free fatty acids increased (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.003, respectively), as did the EPA and DHA content in adipose tissue (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Despite increases in adipose and plasma EPA and DHA in the ω-3 group, there were no significant changes in the IC50(palmitate)f (19 ± 2 compared with 24 ± 3 μIU/mL), adipose macrophages (total: 31 ± 2/100 adipocytes compared with 33 ± 2/100 adipocytes; CD14+: 13 ± 2/100 adipocytes compared with 14 ± 2/100 adipocytes; CD206+: 28 ± 2/100 adipocytes compared with 29 ± 3/100 adipocytes), crown-like structures (1 ± 0/10 images compared with 1 ± 0/10 images), or senescent cells (4% ± 1% compared with 4% ± 1%). There were no changes in these outcomes in the placebo group.Conclusions: Six months of high-dose ω-3 supplementation raised plasma and adipose ω-3 fatty acid concentrations but had no beneficial effects on adipose tissue lipolysis or inflammation in insulin-resistant adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01686568.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lendia Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and
| | - John D Port
- Division of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lalia AZ, Dasari S, Robinson MM, Abid H, Morse DM, Klaus KA, Lanza IR. Influence of omega-3 fatty acids on skeletal muscle protein metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics in older adults. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:1096-1129. [PMID: 28379838 PMCID: PMC5425117 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA) are recognized for their anti-inflammatory effects and may be beneficial in the context of sarcopenia. We determined the influence of n3-PUFA on muscle mitochondrial physiology and protein metabolism in older adults. Twelve young (18-35 years) and older (65-85 years) men and women were studied at baseline. Older adults were studied again following n3-PUFA supplementation (3.9g/day, 16 weeks). Muscle biopsies were used to evaluate respiratory capacity (high resolution respirometry) and oxidant emissions (spectrofluorometry) in isolated mitochondria. Maximal respiration was significantly lower in older compared to young. n3-PUFA did not change respiration, but significantly reduced oxidant emissions. Participants performed a single bout of resistance exercise, followed by biopsies at 15 and 18 hours post exercise. Several genes involved in muscle protein turnover were significantly altered in older adults at baseline and following exercise, yet muscle protein synthesis was similar between age groups under both conditions. Following n3-PUFA supplementation, mixed muscle, mitochondrial, and sarcoplasmic protein synthesis rates were increased in older adults before exercise. n3-PUFA increased post-exercise mitochondrial and myofibrillar protein synthesis in older adults. These results demonstrate that n3-PUFA reduce mitochondrial oxidant emissions, increase postabsorptive muscle protein synthesis, and enhance anabolic responses to exercise in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Z. Lalia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew M. Robinson
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hinnah Abid
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dawn M. Morse
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Katherine A. Klaus
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ian R. Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Neuman JC, Fenske RJ, Kimple ME. Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites: Implications for diabetes pathophysiology, prevention, and treatment. NUTRITION AND HEALTHY AGING 2017; 4:127-140. [PMID: 28447067 PMCID: PMC5391679 DOI: 10.3233/nha-160004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua C. Neuman
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rachel J. Fenske
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michelle E. Kimple
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Robinson MM, Dasari S, Konopka AR, Johnson ML, Manjunatha S, Esponda RR, Carter RE, Lanza IR, Nair KS. Enhanced Protein Translation Underlies Improved Metabolic and Physical Adaptations to Different Exercise Training Modes in Young and Old Humans. Cell Metab 2017; 25:581-592. [PMID: 28273480 PMCID: PMC5423095 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The molecular transducers of benefits from different exercise modalities remain incompletely defined. Here we report that 12 weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval (HIIT), resistance (RT), and combined exercise training enhanced insulin sensitivity and lean mass, but only HIIT and combined training improved aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. HIIT revealed a more robust increase in gene transcripts than other exercise modalities, particularly in older adults, although little overlap with corresponding individual protein abundance was noted. HIIT reversed many age-related differences in the proteome, particularly of mitochondrial proteins in concert with increased mitochondrial protein synthesis. Both RT and HIIT enhanced proteins involved in translational machinery irrespective of age. Only small changes of methylation of DNA promoter regions were observed. We provide evidence for predominant exercise regulation at the translational level, enhancing translational capacity and proteome abundance to explain phenotypic gains in muscle mitochondrial function and hypertrophy in all ages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Robinson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Adam R Konopka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew L Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - S Manjunatha
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Raul Ruiz Esponda
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rickey E Carter
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jannas-Vela S, Roke K, Boville S, Mutch DM, Spriet LL. Lack of effects of fish oil supplementation for 12 weeks on resting metabolic rate and substrate oxidation in healthy young men: A randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172576. [PMID: 28212390 PMCID: PMC5315390 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish oil (FO) has been shown to have beneficial effects in the body via incorporation into the membranes of many tissues. It has been proposed that omega-3 fatty acids in FO may increase whole body resting metabolic rate (RMR) and fatty acid (FA) oxidation in human subjects, but the results to date are equivocal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a 12 week FO supplementation period on RMR and substrate oxidation, in comparison to an olive oil (OO) control group, in young healthy males (n = 26; 22.8 ± 2.6 yr). Subjects were matched for age, RMR, physical activity, VO2max and body mass, and were randomly separated into a group supplemented with either OO (3 g/d) or FO containing 2 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 1 g/d docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Participants visited the lab for RMR and substrate oxidation measurements after an overnight fast (10–12 hr) at weeks 0, 6 and 12. Fasted blood samples were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of supplementation. There were significant increases in the EPA (413%) and DHA (59%) levels in red blood cells after FO supplementation, with no change of these fatty acids in the OO group. RMR and substrate oxidation did not change after supplementation with OO or FO after 6 and 12 weeks. Since there was no effect of supplementation on metabolic measures, we pooled the two treatment groups to determine whether there was a seasonal effect on RMR and substrate oxidation. During the winter season, there was an increase in FA oxidation (36%) with a concomitant decrease (34%) in carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation (p < 0.01), with no change in RMR. These measures were unaffected during the summer season. In conclusion, FO supplementation had no effect on RMR and substrate oxidation in healthy young males. Resting FA oxidation was increased and CHO oxidation reduced over a 12 week period in the winter, with no change in RMR. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02092649
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Jannas-Vela
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaitlin Roke
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Boville
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M. Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lawrence L. Spriet
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
He XX, Wu XL, Chen RP, Chen C, Liu XG, Wu BJ, Huang ZM. Effectiveness of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162368. [PMID: 27711128 PMCID: PMC5053538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical syndrome with the main characteristic of diffuse liver cells with fatty changes. The clinical evolution of NAFLD includes simple non-alcoholic fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted this review to identify the effectiveness of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA) in NAFLD. We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library and Embase. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ω-3 PUFA treatment for NAFLD were considered. Two reviewers assessed the quality of each study and collected data independently. Disagreements were resolved by discussion among the reviewers and any of the other authors of the paper. We performed a meta-analysis and reported summary estimates of outcomes as inverse variance (IV), fixed or random, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We included seven RCTs involving 442 patients (227 for the experimental group and 215 for the control group). All the patients were divided into two groups: one treated with ω-3 PUFA and the other was the control group (generally placebo). The demographics of the ω-3 PUFA and control groups were comparable. Beneficial changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (IV 95% CI: -7.61 [-12.83 to -2.39], p = 0.004), total cholesterol (TC) (IV 95% CI: -13.41 [-21.44 to -5.38], p = 0.001), triglyceride (TG) (IV 95% CI: -43.96 [-51.21 to -36.71], p<0.00001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (IV 95% CI: 6.97 [2.05 to 11.90], p = 0.006) favored ω-3 PUFA treatment. Omega-3 PUFA tended towards a beneficial effect on aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (IV 95% CI: -6.89 [-17.71 to 3.92], p = 0.21), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (IV 95% CI: -8.28 [-18.38 to 1.83], p = 0.11) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (IV 95% CI: -7.13 [-14.26 to 0.0], p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with ω-3 PUFA is a practical and effective treatment for NAFLD to decrease ALT, TC and increase HDL-C, especially to decrease TG. Omega-3 PUFA also has a tendency toward a beneficial effect on AST, GGT and LDL-C. More high-quality, large RCTs are needed to validate our findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Xi He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ren-Pin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningxia People’s Hospital, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Bin-Jiao Wu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The People’s Hospital of Yueqing, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sawada T, Tsubata H, Hashimoto N, Takabe M, Miyata T, Aoki K, Yamashita S, Oishi S, Osue T, Yokoi K, Tsukishiro Y, Onishi T, Shimane A, Taniguchi Y, Yasaka Y, Ohara T, Kawai H, Yokoyama M. Effects of 6-month eicosapentaenoic acid treatment on postprandial hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, insulin secretion ability, and concomitant endothelial dysfunction among newly-diagnosed impaired glucose metabolism patients with coronary artery disease. An open label, single blinded, prospective randomized controlled trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:121. [PMID: 27565734 PMCID: PMC5002116 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0437-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent experimental studies have revealed that n-3 fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) regulate postprandial insulin secretion, and correct postprandial glucose and lipid abnormalities. However, the effects of 6-month EPA treatment on postprandial hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia, insulin secretion, and concomitant endothelial dysfunction remain unknown in patients with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods and results We randomized 107 newly diagnosed IGM patients with CAD to receive either 1800 mg/day of EPA (EPA group, n = 53) or no EPA (n = 54). Cookie meal testing (carbohydrates: 75 g, fat: 28.5 g) and endothelial function testing using fasting-state flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were performed before and after 6 months of treatment. The primary outcome of this study was changes in postprandial glycemic and triglyceridemic control and secondary outcomes were improvement of insulin secretion and endothelial dysfunction. After 6 months, the EPA group exhibited significant improvements in EPA/arachidonic acid, fasting triglyceride (TG), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The EPA group also exhibited significant decreases in the incremental TG peak, area under the curve (AUC) for postprandial TG, incremental glucose peak, AUC for postprandial glucose, and improvements in glycometabolism categorization. No significant changes were observed for hemoglobin A1c and fasting plasma glucose levels. The EPA group exhibited a significant increase in AUC-immune reactive insulin/AUC-plasma glucose ratio (which indicates postprandial insulin secretory ability) and significant improvements in FMD. Multiple regression analysis revealed that decreases in the TG/HDL-C ratio and incremental TG peak were independent predictors of FMD improvement in the EPA group. Conclusions EPA corrected postprandial hypertriglyceridemia, hyperglycemia and insulin secretion ability. This amelioration of several metabolic abnormalities was accompanied by recovery of concomitant endothelial dysfunction in newly diagnosed IGM patients with CAD. Clinical Trial Registration UMIN Registry number: UMIN000011265 (https://www.upload.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr.cgi?function=brows&action=brows&type=summary&recptno=R000013200&language=E) Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0437-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sawada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan.
| | - Hideo Tsubata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Naoko Hashimoto
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520, Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Michinori Takabe
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520, Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Taishi Miyata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Kosuke Aoki
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Soichiro Yamashita
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Shogo Oishi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Osue
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Kiminobu Yokoi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Yasue Tsukishiro
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Tetsuari Onishi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Akira Shimane
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Taniguchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yasaka
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ohara
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520, Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Hiroya Kawai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Yokoyama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Himeji Cardiovascular Center, 520 Saisho-Kou, Himeji, Hyogo, 670-0981, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Insulin-Sensitizing Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Lost in Translation? Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8060329. [PMID: 27258299 PMCID: PMC4924170 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) of marine origin, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have been long studied for their therapeutic potential in the context of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and glucose homeostasis. Glaring discordance between observations in animal and human studies precludes, to date, any practical application of n-3 PUFA as nutritional therapeutics against insulin resistance in humans. Our objective in this review is to summarize current knowledge and provide an up-to-date commentary on the therapeutic value of EPA and DHA supplementation for improving insulin sensitivity in humans. We also sought to discuss potential mechanisms of n-3 PUFA action in target tissues, in specific skeletal muscle, based on our recent work, as well as in liver and adipose tissue. We conducted a literature search to include all preclinical and clinical studies performed within the last two years and to comment on representative studies published earlier. Recent studies support a growing consensus that there are beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA on insulin sensitivity in rodents. Observational studies in humans are encouraging, however, the vast majority of human intervention studies fail to demonstrate the benefit of n-3 PUFA in type 2 diabetes or insulin-resistant non-diabetic people. Nevertheless, there are still several unanswered questions regarding the potential impact of n-3 PUFA on metabolic function in humans.
Collapse
|
43
|
Konopka AR, Esponda RR, Robinson MM, Johnson ML, Carter RE, Schiavon M, Cobelli C, Wondisford FE, Lanza IR, Nair KS. Hyperglucagonemia Mitigates the Effect of Metformin on Glucose Production in Prediabetes. Cell Rep 2016; 15:1394-1400. [PMID: 27160898 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic mechanism of metformin action remains incompletely understood. Whether metformin inhibits glucagon-stimulated endogenous glucose production (EGP), as in preclinical studies, is unclear in humans. To test this hypothesis, we studied nine prediabetic individuals using a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, crossover study design. Metformin increased glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and plasma glucagon. Metformin did not alter average basal EGP, although individual variability in EGP correlated with plasma glucagon. Metformin increased basal EGP in individuals with severe hyperglucagonemia (>150 pg/ml). Decreased fasting glucose after metformin treatment appears to increase glucagon to stimulate EGP and prevent further declines in glucose. Similarly, intravenous glucagon infusion elevated plasma glucagon (>150 pg/ml) and stimulated a greater increase in EGP during metformin therapy. Metformin also counteracted the protein-catabolic effect of glucagon. Collectively, these data indicate that metformin does not inhibit glucagon-stimulated EGP, but hyperglucagonemia may decrease the ability of the metformin to lower EGP in prediabetic individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Konopka
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | - Rickey E Carter
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michele Schiavon
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fredric E Wondisford
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lalia AZ, Dasari S, Johnson ML, Robinson MM, Konopka AR, Distelmaier K, Port JD, Glavin MT, Esponda RR, Nair KS, Lanza IR. Predictors of Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity Across Ages and Adiposity in Adult Humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:626-34. [PMID: 26709968 PMCID: PMC4880121 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Numerous factors are purported to influence insulin sensitivity including age, adiposity, mitochondrial function, and physical fitness. Univariate associations cannot address the complexity of insulin resistance or the interrelationship among potential determinants. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to identify significant independent predictors of insulin sensitivity across a range of age and adiposity in humans. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Peripheral and hepatic insulin sensitivity were measured by two stage hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in 116 men and women (aged 19-78 y). Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, the suppression of endogenous glucose production during hyperinsulinemia, and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were tested for associations with 11 potential predictors. Abdominal subcutaneous fat, visceral fat (AFVISC), intrahepatic lipid, and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) were quantified by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity (state 3), coupling efficiency, and reactive oxygen species production were evaluated from muscle biopsies. Aerobic fitness was measured from whole-body maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 peak), and metabolic flexibility was determined using indirect calorimetry. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis revealed that AFVISC (P < .0001) and intrahepatic lipid (P = .002) were independent negative predictors of peripheral insulin sensitivity, whereas VO2 peak (P = .0007) and IMCL (P = .023) were positive predictors. Mitochondrial capacity and efficiency were not independent determinants of peripheral insulin sensitivity. The suppression of endogenous glucose production during hyperinsulinemia model of hepatic insulin sensitivity revealed percentage fat (P < .0001) and AFVISC (P = .001) as significant negative predictors. Modeling homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance identified AFVISC (P < .0001), VO2 peak (P = .001), and IMCL (P = .01) as independent predictors. CONCLUSION The reduction in insulin sensitivity observed with aging is driven primarily by age-related changes in the content and distribution of adipose tissue and is independent of muscle mitochondrial function or chronological age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antigoni Z Lalia
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.Z.L., M.L.J., M.M.R., A.R.K., K.D., R.R.E., K.S.N., I.R.L.), Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.D.), and Radiology (J.D.P., M.T.G.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.Z.L., M.L.J., M.M.R., A.R.K., K.D., R.R.E., K.S.N., I.R.L.), Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.D.), and Radiology (J.D.P., M.T.G.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Matthew L Johnson
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.Z.L., M.L.J., M.M.R., A.R.K., K.D., R.R.E., K.S.N., I.R.L.), Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.D.), and Radiology (J.D.P., M.T.G.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Matthew M Robinson
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.Z.L., M.L.J., M.M.R., A.R.K., K.D., R.R.E., K.S.N., I.R.L.), Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.D.), and Radiology (J.D.P., M.T.G.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Adam R Konopka
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.Z.L., M.L.J., M.M.R., A.R.K., K.D., R.R.E., K.S.N., I.R.L.), Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.D.), and Radiology (J.D.P., M.T.G.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Klaus Distelmaier
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.Z.L., M.L.J., M.M.R., A.R.K., K.D., R.R.E., K.S.N., I.R.L.), Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.D.), and Radiology (J.D.P., M.T.G.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - John D Port
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.Z.L., M.L.J., M.M.R., A.R.K., K.D., R.R.E., K.S.N., I.R.L.), Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.D.), and Radiology (J.D.P., M.T.G.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Maria T Glavin
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.Z.L., M.L.J., M.M.R., A.R.K., K.D., R.R.E., K.S.N., I.R.L.), Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.D.), and Radiology (J.D.P., M.T.G.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Raul Ruiz Esponda
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.Z.L., M.L.J., M.M.R., A.R.K., K.D., R.R.E., K.S.N., I.R.L.), Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.D.), and Radiology (J.D.P., M.T.G.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.Z.L., M.L.J., M.M.R., A.R.K., K.D., R.R.E., K.S.N., I.R.L.), Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.D.), and Radiology (J.D.P., M.T.G.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Divisions of Endocrinology and Metabolism (A.Z.L., M.L.J., M.M.R., A.R.K., K.D., R.R.E., K.S.N., I.R.L.), Biomedical Statistics and Informatics (S.D.), and Radiology (J.D.P., M.T.G.), Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yu EN, Winnick JJ, Edgerton DS, Scott MF, Smith MS, Farmer B, Williams PE, Cherrington AD, Moore MC. Hepatic and Whole-Body Insulin Metabolism during Proestrus and Estrus in Mongrel Dogs. Comp Med 2016; 66:235-240. [PMID: 27298249 PMCID: PMC4907533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance occurs during various stages of the estrus cycle in dogs. To quantify the effects of proestrus-estrus (PE) and determine whether PE affects liver insulin sensitivity, 11 female mongrel dogs were implanted with sampling and intraportal infusion catheters. Five of the dogs (PE group) entered proestrus after surgery; those remaining in anestrus were controls. The dogs were fasted overnight, [3-(3)H]glucose and somatostatin were infused through peripheral veins, and glucagon was infused intraportally. Insulin was infused intraportally, with the rate adjusted to maintain arterial plasma glucose at basal levels (PE, 294±25 μU/kg/min; control, 223±21 μU/kg/min). Subsequently the insulin infusion rate was increased by 0.2 mU/kg/min for 120 min (P1) and then to 1.5 mU/kg/min for the last 120 min (P2); glucose was infused peripherally as needed to maintain euglycemia. Insulin concentrations did not differ between groups at any time; they increased 3 μU/mL over baseline during P1 and to 3 times baseline during P2. The glucose infusion rate in PE dogs during P2 was 63% of that in control dogs. Net hepatic glucose output and the endogenous glucose production rate declined 40% to 50% from baseline in both groups during P1; during P2, both groups exhibited a low rate of net hepatic glucose uptake with full suppression of endogenous glucose production. The glucose disappearance rate during P1 and P2 was 35% greater in control than PE dogs. Therefore, PE in canines is associated with loss of nonhepatic (primarily muscle) but not hepatic insulin sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin Nz Yu
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology, Immunology, and Division of Animal Care, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jason J Winnick
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dale S Edgerton
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Melanie F Scott
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marta S Smith
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ben Farmer
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Phillip E Williams
- Diabetes Research and Training Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Mary Courtney Moore
- Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Jeromson S, Gallagher IJ, Galloway SDR, Hamilton DL. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Skeletal Muscle Health. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:6977-7004. [PMID: 26610527 PMCID: PMC4663562 DOI: 10.3390/md13116977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a plastic tissue capable of adapting and mal-adapting to physical activity and diet. The response of skeletal muscle to adaptive stimuli, such as exercise, can be modified by the prior nutritional status of the muscle. The influence of nutrition on skeletal muscle has the potential to substantially impact physical function and whole body metabolism. Animal and cell based models show that omega-3 fatty acids, in particular those of marine origin, can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. Furthermore, recent human studies demonstrate that omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin can influence the exercise and nutritional response of skeletal muscle. These studies show that the prior omega-3 status influences not only the metabolic response of muscle to nutrition, but also the functional response to a period of exercise training. Omega-3 fatty acids of marine origin therefore have the potential to alter the trajectory of a number of human diseases including the physical decline associated with aging. We explore the potential molecular mechanisms by which omega-3 fatty acids may act in skeletal muscle, considering the n-3/n-6 ratio, inflammation and lipidomic remodelling as possible mechanisms of action. Finally, we suggest some avenues for further research to clarify how omega-3 fatty acids may be exerting their biological action in skeletal muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Jeromson
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
| | - Iain J Gallagher
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
| | - Stuart D R Galloway
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
| | - D Lee Hamilton
- Health and Exercise Sciences Research Group, School of Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA Scotland, UK.
| |
Collapse
|