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Slighting SA, Rasmussen K, Dufur MJ, Jarvis JA, Pribesh SL, Alexander AJ, Otero C. Family Structure, Family Transitions, and Child Overweight and Obesity: Comparing Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:693. [PMID: 38929272 PMCID: PMC11201719 DOI: 10.3390/children11060693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Growing rates of childhood obesity globally create concern for individuals' health outcomes and demands on health systems. While many policy approaches focus on macro-level interventions, we examine how the type of stability of a family structure might provide opportunities for policy interventions at the micro level. We examine the association between family structure trajectories and childhood overweight and obesity across three Anglophone countries using an expanded set of eight family structure categories that capture biological relationships and instability, along with potential explanatory variables that might vary across family trajectories and provide opportunities for intervention, including access to resources, family stressors, family structure selectivity factors, and obesogenic correlates. We use three datasets that are representative of children born around the year 2000 and aged 11 years old in Australia (n = 3329), the United Kingdom (n = 11,542), and the United States (n = 8837) and nested multivariate multinomial logistic regression models. Our analyses find stronger relationships between child overweight and obesity and family structure trajectories than between child obesity and obesogenic factors. Children in all three countries are sensitive to living with cohabiting parents, although in Australia, this is limited to children whose parents have been cohabiting since before their birth. In the UK and US, parents starting their cohabitation after the child's birth are more likely to have children who experience obesity. Despite a few differences across cross-cultural contexts, most of the relationship between family structures and child overweight or obesity is connected to differences in families' access to resources and by the types of parents who enter into these family structures. These findings suggest policy interventions at the family level that focus on potential parents' education and career prospects and on income support rather than interventions like marriage incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadie A. Slighting
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, 2008 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (S.A.S.); (K.R.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Kirsten Rasmussen
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, 2008 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (S.A.S.); (K.R.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Mikaela J. Dufur
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, 2008 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (S.A.S.); (K.R.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Jonathan A. Jarvis
- Department of Sociology, Brigham Young University, 2008 JFSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (S.A.S.); (K.R.); (J.A.J.)
| | - Shana L. Pribesh
- Department of STEM Education & Professional Studies, Old Dominion University, 2300A Education Building, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA;
| | - Alyssa J. Alexander
- Department of Sociology, University of British Columbia, AnSo-2220, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2, Canada;
| | - Carolina Otero
- United Way of Salt Lake City, 257 E 200 S, Salt Lake City, UT 84111, USA;
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Wang J, Cao Y, Wei X, Winkley K, Chang YS. Empowering parents to optimize feeding practices with preschool children (EPO-Feeding): A study protocol for a feasibility randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304707. [PMID: 38829882 PMCID: PMC11146728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental feeding practices (PFPs) play a key role in fostering preschoolers' dietary habits and in mitigating the risk of childhood obesity. Nevertheless, parents often employ inappropriate feeding practices, leading to children's potential nutrition-related issues. Thus, research is needed to inform interventions that focus on optimizing feeding practices. METHODS This protocol describes the evaluation of a novel intervention-Empowering Parents to Optimize Feeding Practices (EPO-Feeding Program). The program will be evaluated with a two-arm feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) in Yangzhou, China. The program includes four weekly group-based training sessions led by healthcare professionals for parents of preschool children. The intervention incorporates sessions, group discussions, motivational interviewing, and supplementary materials (e.g., key messages and educational videos) aimed at enhancing parents' knowledge, skills, and behaviours related to feeding practices. The primary outcomes include i) implementation feasibility, primarily assessed through retention rates; and ii) program acceptability through a survey and qualitative process evaluation. Secondary outcomes encompass the potential impacts on i) PFPs, ii) parental perception of child weight (PPCW), iii) parenting sense of competence, iv) children's eating behaviours, and v) child weight status. Quantitative analyses include descriptive estimates for evaluating the feasibility and linear mixed regression analysis for testing the potential effects. Qualitative valuation will use thematic framework analysis. DISCUSSION If this study shows this program to be feasible to implement and acceptable to parents, it will be used to inform a fully powered trial to determine its effectiveness. The research will also help inform policy and practices in the context of child nutrition promotion, particularly regarding implementing group-based training sessions by healthcare providers in similar settings. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov, Protocol #NCT06181773, 20/11/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiaoxue Wei
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kirsty Winkley
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yan-Shing Chang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Panlu K, Zhou Z, Huang L, Ge L, Wen C, Lv H. Associations between obesity and hyperuricemia combing mendelian randomization with network pharmacology. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27074. [PMID: 38509958 PMCID: PMC10951504 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity has become a global health issue and a risk factor for hyperuricemia. However, the associations between obesity and hyperuricemia are sometimes confounding. In the present study, we performed mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to study their relationship and investigate the underlying mechanism by network pharmacology. Method Body mass index (BMI) and uric acid related to single nucleotide polymorphism were selected as instrumental variables for MR analysis. Three robust analytical methods are used for bidirectional MR analysis such as inverse-variance weighting, weighted median and MR-Egger regression. Then, we further performed sensitivity analysis to evaluate the horizontal pleiotropy, heterogeneities, and stability. The targets related to obesity and hyperuricemia were collected, screened and further conducted for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment to explore the mechanism of obesity and hyperuricemia using network pharmacology. Results The positive causality was indicated between BMI and hyperuricemia based on inverse variance-weighted analysis [odds ratio:1.23, 95% confidence interval: 1.11 to 1.30 for each standard deviation increase in BMI (4.6 kg/m2)]. Conversely, hyperuricemia did not influence BMI. 235 intersected targets from obesity and hyperuricemia were collected. Insulin resistance were the top 1 key target. The mechanism between obesity and hyperuricemia are associated with important pathways including adipocytokine signaling pathway, insulin resistance and cholesterol metabolism et al. Conclusions Our MR analysis supported the causal association between obesity and hyperuricemia based on availablegenome-wide association analysis summary statistics. Obesity leads to hyperuricemia via insulin resistance, which is a key link in the huge network pathways using network pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailai Panlu
- The First Clinical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zizun Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 311402, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lin Huang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Ge
- School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiqing Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 311402, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Skowronski AA, Leibel RL, LeDuc CA. Neurodevelopmental Programming of Adiposity: Contributions to Obesity Risk. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:253-280. [PMID: 37971140 PMCID: PMC10911958 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This review analyzes the published evidence regarding maternal factors that influence the developmental programming of long-term adiposity in humans and animals via the central nervous system (CNS). We describe the physiological outcomes of perinatal underfeeding and overfeeding and explore potential mechanisms that may mediate the impact of such exposures on the development of feeding circuits within the CNS-including the influences of metabolic hormones and epigenetic changes. The perinatal environment, reflective of maternal nutritional status, contributes to the programming of offspring adiposity. The in utero and early postnatal periods represent critically sensitive developmental windows during which the hormonal and metabolic milieu affects the maturation of the hypothalamus. Maternal hyperglycemia is associated with increased transfer of glucose to the fetus driving fetal hyperinsulinemia. Elevated fetal insulin causes increased adiposity and consequently higher fetal circulating leptin concentration. Mechanistic studies in animal models indicate important roles of leptin and insulin in central and peripheral programming of adiposity, and suggest that optimal concentrations of these hormones are critical during early life. Additionally, the environmental milieu during development may be conveyed to progeny through epigenetic marks and these can potentially be vertically transmitted to subsequent generations. Thus, nutritional and metabolic/endocrine signals during perinatal development can have lifelong (and possibly multigenerational) impacts on offspring body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja A Skowronski
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charles A LeDuc
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Chou YC, Cheng FS, Weng SH, Yen YF, Hu HY. Impact of household income on the risk of overweight and obesity over time among preschool-aged children: a population-based cohort study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:549. [PMID: 38383321 PMCID: PMC10882872 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The temporality of household income level with overweight/obesity in children has not been extensively studied. Little research has been conducted to determine the impact of household income on the risk of childhood overweight/obesity over time. This population-based cohort study aimed to investigate the impact of household income on the risk of overweight/obesity over time among preschool-aged children in Taiwan. METHODS From 2009 to 2018, we recruited 1,482 preschool-aged children ( ≦ 7 y of age) from low-income households and selected age- and sex-matched controls from non-low-income households for comparison; All participants were selected from those who consistently participated in the Taipei Child Development Screening Program and were monitored for overweight/obesity using body mass index (BMI) until December 31, 2018. Low-income households were defined as those with an average monthly disposable income < 60% of the minimum standard of living expense in Taiwan. The primary outcome was childhood overweight or obesity in study participants, defined as BMI (kg/m2) ≥ 85th percentile or ≥ 95th percentile, respectively. The generalized estimating equations (GEE) model was used to determine the impact of low-income households on the risk of overweight/obesity in study participants. RESULTS Over 21,450 person-years of follow-up, 1,782 participants developed overweight /obesity, including 452 (30.5%) and 1,330 (22.4%) children from low- and non-low-income households, respectively. The GEE model showed that the first group had a significantly higher risk of becoming overweight/obese than the other during the follow-up period (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.29-1.60). Moreover, children of foreign mothers had a higher risk of becoming overweight/obese than those of Taiwanese mothers during the follow-up period (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.24-1.8). The subgroup analysis revealed a significant association between low-income households and an increased risk of overweight/obesity in children aged 2-7 years (P =.01). However, this association was not observed in children aged 0-1 years (P >.999). CONCLUSIONS During the follow-up period, there was a notable correlation between low-income households and an increased risk of preschool-aged children developing overweight or obesity. Implementing health promotion initiatives aimed at reducing overweight and obesity in this demographic is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chang Chou
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, No.145, Zhengzhou Rd., Datong Dist., 103212, Taipei, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Shiang Cheng
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, No.145, Zhengzhou Rd., Datong Dist., 103212, Taipei, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Han Weng
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, No.145, Zhengzhou Rd., Datong Dist., 103212, Taipei, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Feng Yen
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, No.145, Zhengzhou Rd., Datong Dist., 103212, Taipei, Taiwan
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Taipei City Hospital, Yangming Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Health Care Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Hu
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, No.145, Zhengzhou Rd., Datong Dist., 103212, Taipei, Taiwan.
- University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Wang T, Li J, Huang C, Wu X, Fu X, Yang C, Li M, Chen S. COPD and T2DM: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1302641. [PMID: 38390207 PMCID: PMC10883379 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1302641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) stands as a global chronic illness, exerting a profound impact on health due to its complications and generating a significant economic burden. Recently, observational studies have pointed toward a potential link between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and T2DM. To elucidate this causal connection, we employed the Mendelian randomization analysis. Method Our study involved a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis on COPD and T2DM. Additionally, tests for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy were performed. Results For the MR analysis, 26 independent single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) with strong associations to COPD were chosen as instrumental variables. Our findings suggest a pronounced causal relationship between COPD and T2DM. Specifically, COPD emerges as a risk factor for T2DM, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.06 and a 95% confidence interval ranging from 1.01 to 1.11 (P = 0.006). Notably, all results were devoid of any heterogeneity or pleiotropy. Conclusion The MR analysis underscores a significant causal relationship between COPD and T2DM, highlighting COPD as a prominent risk factor for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sheng Chen
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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Silva S, Fatumo S, Nitsch D. Mendelian randomization studies on coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2024; 13:29. [PMID: 38225600 PMCID: PMC10790478 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02442-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. We aimed to summarize what is currently known with regard to causal modifiable risk factors associated with CAD in populations of diverse ancestries through conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on CAD. METHODS The databases Embase, Medline, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched on the 19th and 20th of December 2022 for MR studies with CAD as a primary outcome; keywords of the search strategy included "coronary artery disease" and "mendelian randomization". Studies were included if they were published in the English language, included only human participants, employed Mendelian randomization as the primary methodology and studied CAD as the outcome of interest. The exclusion criteria resulted in the removal of studies that did not align with the predefined inclusion criteria, as well as studies which were systematic reviews themselves, and used the same exposure and outcome source as another study. An ancestry-specific meta-analysis was subsequently conducted on studies which investigated either body mass index, lipid traits, blood pressure or type 2 diabetes as an exposure variable. Assessment of publication bias and sensitivity analyses was conducted for risk of bias assessment in the included studies. RESULTS A total of 1781 studies were identified through the database searches after de-duplication was performed, with 47 studies included in the quantitative synthesis after eligibility screening. Approximately 80% of all included study participants for MR studies on CAD were of European descent irrespective of the exposure of interest, while no study included individuals of African ancestry. We found no evidence of differences in terms of direction of causation between ancestry groups; however, the strength of the respective relationships between each exposure and CAD were different, with this finding most evident when blood pressure was the exposure of interest. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this review suggest that patterns regarding the causational relationship between modifiable risk factors and CAD do not differ in terms of direction when compared across diverse ancestry populations. Differences in the observed strengths of the respective relationships however are indicative of the value of increasing representation in non-European populations, as novel genetic pathways or functional SNPs relating to CAD may be uncovered through a more global analysis. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION The protocol for this systematic review was registered to the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) and is publicly available online (CRD42021272726).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI, and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Segun Fatumo
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
- The African Computational Genomics (TACG) Research Group, MRC/UVRI, and LSHTM, Entebbe, Uganda.
| | - Dorothea Nitsch
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Yang J, Kuang Y, Yang X, Li C, Qi M, Fu P, Zeng X. The impact of age-specific childhood body-mass index on adult cardiometabolic traits: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1159547. [PMID: 38288476 PMCID: PMC10822942 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1159547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the causal relationship between childhood body-mass index (BMI) at different ages and adult cardiometabolic traits. Methods We retrieved genetic instrument variables (IVs) for exposures (standardized BMI at newborn, infant, toddler and late childhood), cardiometabolic traits and potential confounders or mediators (adult BMI, SHBG, testosterone and age at menarche) from the corresponding genome-wide association analysis. We performed univariate and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MR) to dissect associations between age-specific childhood BMI and adult cardiometabolic outcomes. Odds ratio was used to present the direction of the causal association. Results In univariate MR, higher newborn BMI was causally associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes in women. Late childhood BMI was associated with increased risk for female diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in general population. Among these associations, only association between late childhood BMI with MI remained significant after adjusting for adult male BMI and sex hormones, (OR = 1.120, 95% CI 1.023-1.226, p = 0.014). Besides, in multivariable MR, we found evidence for causal association between newborn BMI with reduced risk for CAD (OR = 0.862, 95% CI 0.751-0.989, p = 0.034) and MI (OR = 0.864, 95% CI 0.752-0.991, p = 0.037) in men. No obvious impact of infant or toddler BMI was identified on the above-mentioned diseases. For continuous cardiometabolic traits, in all age epochs except infant, higher BMI was associated with increased level of fasting glucose in women. Conclusion BMI at birth and late childhood exerts different impact on adult cardiometabolic diseases, while BMI at infant and toddler ages is not causally associated with these outcomes. The effect of childhood BMI may be influenced by sex disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Mathematics, Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yalan Kuang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Qi
- Division of Nephrology, The Second People’s Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zeng
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Chengdu, China
- Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Wang Y, Li W, Chen S, Zhang J, Liu X, Jiang J, Chen L, Tang Z, Wan X, Lian X, Liang B, Xie S, Ma J, Guo X, Dong Y, Wu L, Li J, Koutrakis P. PM 2.5 constituents associated with childhood obesity and larger BMI growth trajectory: A 14-year longitudinal study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108417. [PMID: 38199130 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of specific PM2.5 chemical constituents with childhood overweight or obesity (OWOB) remain unclear. Furthermore, the long-term impacts of PM2.5 exposure on the trajectory of children's body mass index (BMI) have not been explored. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal study among 1,450,830 Chinese children aged 6-19 years from Beijing and Zhongshan in China during 2005-2018 to examine the associations of PM2.5 and its chemical constituents with incident OWOB risk. We extracted PM2.5 mass and five main component exposure from Tracking Air Pollution in China (TAP) dataset. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to quantify exposure-response associations. We further performed principal component analysis (PCA) to handle the multi-collinearity and used quantile g-computation (QGC) approach to analyze the impacts of exposure mixtures. Additionally, we selected 125,863 children with at least 8 physical examination measurements and combined group-based trajectory models (GBTM) with multinomial logistic regression models to explore the impacts of exposure to PM2.5 mass and five constituents on BMI and BMI Z-score trajectories during 6-19 years. RESULTS We observed each interquartile range increment in PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with a 5.1 % increase in the risk of incident OWOB (95 % confidence Interval [CI]: 1.036-1.066). We also found black carbon, sulfate, organic matter, often linked to fossil combustion, had comparable or larger estimates of the effect (HR = 1.139-1.153) than PM2.5. Furthermore, Exposure to PM2.5 mass, sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, organic matter and black carbon was significantly associated with an increased odds of being in a larger BMI trajectory and being assigned to persistent OWOB trajectory. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence that the constituents mainly from fossil fuel combustion may have a perceptible influence on increased OWOB risk associated with PM2.5 exposure in China. Moreover, long-term exposure to PM2.5 contributes to an increased odds of being in a lager BMI and a persistent OWOB trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuo Chen
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jingbo Zhang
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiangtong Liu
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ziqi Tang
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wan
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyao Lian
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Baosheng Liang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shaodong Xie
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiuhua Guo
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanhui Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Beijing Health Center for Physical Examination, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Capital Medical University School of Public Health, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Chen J, Xiao WC, Zhao JJ, Shan R, Heitkamp M, Zhang XR, Liu Z. Gene variants and the response to childhood obesity interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:163-175. [PMID: 38052139 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple lifestyle-based childhood obesity interventions have been conducted to address childhood obesity, but individual's response to the universal intervention approach varied greatly. Whether gene variants related to children and adolescents' varied responses to obesity interventions remained unclear. AIMS To determine the associations of gene variants with the changes in obesity- and metabolism-related indicators after obesity interventions in children and adolescents. METHODS Ten databases and registers (including grey literature) were searched. The lifestyle-based obesity interventions in children and adolescents (≤18 years) that reported the changes in obesity- (body mass index (BMI), BMI Z-score, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), etc) and metabolism-related (glucose, cholesterol, etc) indicators by genotype after interventions were included. Our primary outcome was the mean difference of the changes in BMI Z-score by genotype after interventions, and secondary outcomes were changes in the remaining obesity- and metabolism-related indicators after interventions. We used the random-effects model to synthesize the results. RESULTS This review included 50 studies (15,354 children and adolescents with overweight/obesity) covering 102 genes and 174 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Approximately three-quarters of SNPs showed no evidence of association with the changes in obesity- or metabolic-related indicators after interventions. One quarter of SNPs were minorly associated with the changes in the BMI Z-score (median effect size: 0.001) with little clinical significance. Only 6 (12 %) studies focused on the accumulated effect of multiple gene variants. CONCLUSIONS Gene variants that have been explored appear to play a minor role in lifestyle-based obesity interventions in children and adolescents. More high-quality studies based on the design of randomized controlled trials are needed to examine the accumulated effect of multiple gene variants in childhood obesity interventions. PROSPERO REGISTRY NUMBER This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022312177.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu-Cai Xiao
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Jun Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Shan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Melanie Heitkamp
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital "Klinikum rechts der Isar," Technical University of Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, 80992 Munich, Germany
| | - Xiao-Rui Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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11
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Seyedhoseinpour A, Barzin M, Mahdavi M, Valizadeh M, Azizi F, Hosseinpanah F. Association between BMI trajectories from childhood to early adulthood and the carotid intima-media thickness in early adulthood: Tehran lipid and glucose study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2233. [PMID: 37957617 PMCID: PMC10641964 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Childhood and adolescence overweight/obesity is an important predictor of obesity and increased long-term cardiometabolic abnormalities in adulthood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) trajectories among children and adolescents with adulthood carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as a determinant of subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS In this prospective cohort study, 1265 participants aged 3 to 18 were followed up for 18 years. By using Latent Class Growth Analysis, three groups of BMI and WC trajectory were defined; low stable, moderate-increasing, and high-increasing. Linear and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the association of each lifetime BMI and WC trajectory group with cIMT. RESULTS Although the high-increasing BMI trajectory group was significantly associated with higher cIMT (ß=0.0464, P < 0.001), moderate-increase was not (ß=0.0096, P = 0.102); in reference to the low-stable BMI trajectory group. Among WC trajectory groups, both moderate- (ß=0.0177, P = 0.006) and high-increasing (ß=0.0533, P < 0.001), in reference to the low-stable group, were significantly associated with higher cIMT. The results did not change after adjustment for baseline BMI. The ORs of high-increasing BMI, moderate-increasing WC, and high-increasing WC trajectories were 3.24, 1.92, and 3.29, respectively for high cIMT. CONCLUSION Our study resulted that a high-increasing trajectory of childhood BMI and moderate- and high-increasing trajectories of childhood WC are associated with higher cIMT and higher risk of high-cIMT. Regular monitoring and screening of BMI and WC trajectory from childhood may improve identifying individuals with high risks of cardiovascular disease, more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Seyedhoseinpour
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Barzin
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mahdavi
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Valizadeh
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Hosseinpanah
- Obesity Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Georgiou AN, Zagkos L, Markozannes G, Chalitsios CV, Asimakopoulos AG, Xu W, Wang L, Mesa‐Eguiagaray I, Zhou X, Loizidou EM, Kretsavos N, Theodoratou E, Gill D, Burgess S, Evangelou E, Tsilidis KK, Tzoulaki I. Appraising the Causal Role of Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease and Stroke: A Systematic Review of Mendelian Randomization Studies. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e029040. [PMID: 37804188 PMCID: PMC7615320 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.029040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mendelian randomization (MR) offers a powerful approach to study potential causal associations between exposures and health outcomes by using genetic variants associated with an exposure as instrumental variables. In this systematic review, we aimed to summarize previous MR studies and to evaluate the evidence for causality for a broad range of exposures in relation to coronary artery disease and stroke. METHODS AND RESULTS MR studies investigating the association of any genetically predicted exposure with coronary artery disease or stroke were identified. Studies were classified into 4 categories built on the significance of the main MR analysis results and its concordance with sensitivity analyses, namely, robust, probable, suggestive, and insufficient. Studies reporting associations that did not perform any sensitivity analysis were classified as nonevaluable. We identified 2725 associations eligible for evaluation, examining 535 distinct exposures. Of them, 141 were classified as robust, 353 as probable, 110 as suggestive, and 926 had insufficient evidence. The most robust associations were observed for anthropometric traits, lipids, and lipoproteins and type 2 diabetes with coronary artery; disease and clinical measurements with coronary artery disease and stroke; and thrombotic factors with stroke. CONCLUSIONS Despite the large number of studies that have been conducted, only a limited number of associations were supported by robust evidence. Approximately half of the studies reporting associations presented an MR sensitivity analysis along with the main analysis that further supported the causality of associations. Future research should focus on more thorough assessments of sensitivity MR analyses and further assessments of mediation effects or nonlinearity of associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N. Georgiou
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
| | - Loukas Zagkos
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Georgios Markozannes
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Christos V. Chalitsios
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
| | | | - Wei Xu
- Centre for Global Health, Usher InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Centre for Global Health, Usher InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | | | - Xuan Zhou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Eleni M. Loizidou
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Biobank Cyprus Center of Excellence in Biobanking and Biomedical ResearchUniversity of CyprusNicosiaCyprus
| | - Nikolaos Kretsavos
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
| | - Evropi Theodoratou
- Centre for Global Health, Usher InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Institute of Genetics and CancerThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology and BiotechnologyFoundation for Research and Technology‐HellasIoanninaGreece
| | - Konstantinos K. Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and EpidemiologyUniversity of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsSchool of Public Health, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Systems Biology, Biomedical Research FoundationAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
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13
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He M, Zhou J, Li X, Wang R. Investigating the causal effects of smoking, sleep, and BMI on major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: a univariable and multivariable two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1206657. [PMID: 37900287 PMCID: PMC10602671 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1206657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mental disorders, characterized as products of biopsychosocial interactions, have emerged as a leading contributor to the worldwide rise in overall morbidity and disability rates. Life's essentials can affect nearly every aspect of our lives, from physical to mental health. In this study, we try to identify the associations between life's essentials and mental disorders. Method Three assumptions of Mendelian randomization (MR) were applied to obtain the genetic instruments associated with smoking, sleep, and body mass index (BMI) in genome-wide association studies. Then, we conducted univariable MR (UVMR) and multivariable MR (MVMR) two-sample analyses to estimate the causal effects of these life's essentials on two mental disorders namely, major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Additionally, multiple sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the reliability and stability of the study results. Results In the MR analysis of the association of smoking, sleep, and BMI with MDD, we obtained 78, 39, and 302 genetic instruments, respectively. Smoking [odds ratio (OR), 1.03; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.06; p = 0.004], sleep (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.06; p < 0.001), and BMI (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 1.01-1.02; p < 0.001) were all considered as risk factors for MDD and were independent of each other (smoking: OR, 1.03, 95% CI, 1.01-1.06, p = 0.008; sleep: OR, 1.03, 95% CI, 1.01-1.05, p = 0.001; and BMI: OR, 1.01, 95% CI, 1.01-1.02, p < 0.001). Additionally, 78, 38, and 297 genetic instruments were obtained in the MR analysis of smoking, sleep, and BMI with BD, respectively. Causal associations were observed between smoking (OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.17-5.15; p = 0.017), sleep (OR, 2.73; 95% CI, 1.52-4.92; p < 0.001), and BD, and smoking (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 1.69-3.16; p = 0.018) might be a mediator in the causal effects of sleep on BD. Finally, there was no inconsistency between sensitivity and causality analysis, proving that our results are convincing. Conclusion The study results provide strong evidence that smoking, sleep, and BMI are causally related to MDD and BD, which need further research to clarify the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xuehan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rurong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Wu D, Zhou J, Huang Y, Zheng Q, Wang T, Liu L. Genetically predicted childhood body mass index and lung cancer susceptibility: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Cancer Med 2023; 12:18418-18424. [PMID: 37548289 PMCID: PMC10523972 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between adult body mass index (BMI) and lung cancer (LC) susceptibility have been reported, but the causal relationship with childhood BMI remains largely unclear. To evaluate the causal effect of childhood BMI on LC susceptibility, a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed. METHODS The two-sample MR analysis utilized 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as instrumental variables for childhood BMI. Genetic summary data from the International Lung Cancer Consortium and FinnGen databases were analyzed to estimate the causal effect of these SNPs on LC susceptibility. The IVW method was employed as the primary analysis, supplemented by the Weighted Median, MR-Egger, and MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier test. RESULTS Our findings indicated that there was no causal association between childhood BMI and the susceptibility of LC (odds ratio [OR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90-1.17, p = 0.705), lung adenocarcinoma (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.86-1.13, p = 0.832), lung squamous cell carcinoma (OR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.84-1.13, p = 0.726), and small cell LC (OR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.82-1.45, p = 0.554) based on the IVW as well as other methods employed. Furthermore, these findings indicated no causal effect of childhood BMI on the LC susceptibility in both ever smokers and never smokers. CONCLUSION This study did not conclude a causal effect between childhood BMI and LC susceptibility. However, given the complex nature of cancer development, further studies are needed to verify these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
- West China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuchen Huang
- West China School of MedicineSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Quan Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tengyong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Institute of Thoracic Oncology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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15
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Baltramonaityte V, Pingault JB, Cecil CAM, Choudhary P, Järvelin MR, Penninx BWJH, Felix J, Sebert S, Milaneschi Y, Walton E. A multivariate genome-wide association study of psycho-cardiometabolic multimorbidity. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010508. [PMID: 37390107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD), type 2 diabetes (T2D) and depression are among the leading causes of chronic morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies indicate a substantial degree of multimorbidity, which may be explained by shared genetic influences. However, research exploring the presence of pleiotropic variants and genes common to CAD, T2D and depression is lacking. The present study aimed to identify genetic variants with effects on cross-trait liability to psycho-cardiometabolic diseases. We used genomic structural equation modelling to perform a multivariate genome-wide association study of multimorbidity (Neffective = 562,507), using summary statistics from univariate genome-wide association studies for CAD, T2D and major depression. CAD was moderately genetically correlated with T2D (rg = 0.39, P = 2e-34) and weakly correlated with depression (rg = 0.13, P = 3e-6). Depression was weakly correlated with T2D (rg = 0.15, P = 4e-15). The latent multimorbidity factor explained the largest proportion of variance in T2D (45%), followed by CAD (35%) and depression (5%). We identified 11 independent SNPs associated with multimorbidity and 18 putative multimorbidity-associated genes. We observed enrichment in immune and inflammatory pathways. A greater polygenic risk score for multimorbidity in the UK Biobank (N = 306,734) was associated with the co-occurrence of CAD, T2D and depression (OR per standard deviation = 1.91, 95% CI = 1.74-2.10, relative to the healthy group), validating this latent multimorbidity factor. Mendelian randomization analyses suggested potentially causal effects of BMI, body fat percentage, LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, fasting insulin, income, insomnia, and childhood maltreatment. These findings advance our understanding of multimorbidity suggesting common genetic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Department of Clinical, Educational, and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte A M Cecil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Molecular Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Brenda W J H Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Janine Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Research Unit of Population Health, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health and Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Walton
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
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16
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Yuan S, Merino J, Larsson SC. Causal factors underlying diabetes risk informed by Mendelian randomisation analysis: evidence, opportunities and challenges. Diabetologia 2023; 66:800-812. [PMID: 36786839 PMCID: PMC10036461 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05879-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and its complications cause a heavy disease burden globally. Identifying exposures, risk factors and molecular processes causally associated with the development of diabetes can provide important evidence bases for disease prevention and spur novel therapeutic strategies. Mendelian randomisation (MR), an epidemiological approach that uses genetic instruments to infer causal associations between an exposure and an outcome, can be leveraged to complement evidence from observational and clinical studies. This narrative review aims to summarise the evidence on potential causal risk factors for diabetes by integrating published MR studies on type 1 and 2 diabetes, and to reflect on future perspectives of MR studies on diabetes. Despite the genetic influence on type 1 diabetes, few MR studies have been conducted to identify causal exposures or molecular processes leading to increased disease risk. In type 2 diabetes, MR analyses support causal associations of somatic, mental and lifestyle factors with development of the disease. These studies have also identified biomarkers, some of them derived from the gut microbiota, and molecular processes leading to increased disease risk. These studies provide valuable data to better understand disease pathophysiology and explore potential therapeutic targets. Because genetic association studies have mostly been restricted to participants of European descent, multi-ancestry cohorts are needed to examine the role of different types of physical activity, dietary components, metabolites, protein biomarkers and gut microbiome in diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jordi Merino
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanna C Larsson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Unit of Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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17
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Chen M, Li S, Zhu Z, Dai C, Hao X. Investigating the shared genetic architecture and causal relationship between pain and neuropsychiatric disorders. Hum Genet 2023; 142:431-443. [PMID: 36445456 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-022-02507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pain often occurs in parallel with neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms and potential causality have not been well studied. We collected the genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics of 26 common pain and neuropsychiatric disorders with sample size ranging from 17,310 to 482,730 in European population. The genetic correlation between pair of pain and neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as the relevant cell types were investigated by linkage disequilibrium (LD) score regression analyses. Then, transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) was applied to identify the potential shared genes by integrating the gene expression information and GWAS. In addition, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to infer the potential causality between pain and neuropsychiatric disorders. Among the 169 pairwise pain and neuropsychiatric disorders, 55 pairs showed positive correlations (median rg = 0.43) and 9 pairs showed negative correlations (median rg = -0.31). Using MR analyses, 26 likely causal associations were identified, including that neuroticism and insomnia were risk factors for most of short-term pain, and multisite chronic pain was risk factor for neuroticism, insomnia, major depressive disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and vice versa. The signals of pain and neuropsychiatric disorders tended to be enriched in the functional regions of cell types from central nervous system (CNS). A total of 19 genes shared in at least one pain and neuropsychiatric disorder pair were identified by TWAS, including AMT, NCOA6, and UNC45A, which involved in glycine degradation, insulin secretion, and cell proliferation, respectively. Our findings provided the evidence of shared genetic structure, causality and potential shared pathogenic mechanisms between pain and neuropsychiatric disorders, and enhanced our understanding of the comorbidities of pain and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengya Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Si Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ziwei Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chengguqiu Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xingjie Hao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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18
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Alghamdi AS, Bitar HH. The positive impact of gamification in imparting nutritional knowledge and combating childhood obesity: A systematic review on the recent solutions. Digit Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/20552076231154380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This paper reviews the recent gamified interventions that focus on the dietary factor to explore the effectiveness of using gaming elements in combating the prevalence of childhood obesity. Methods Two electronic databases were searched (PubMed and ProQuest); to identify the relevant papers published between 2018 and 2021. The keywords that use to search the entire selected databases were gamification and obesity. There were no restrictions regarding the language. Two independent reviewers screened the titles, abstracts, and keywords for relevance. Results 407 papers were identified initially, while only 18 articles met the inclusion criteria. Most of the included articles indicated the positive impact of gamification on changing children eating behaviors. This systematic review summarizes the theories followed in developing such interventions and suggests some other theories to use and follow. Moreover, we synthesized the main findings into six recommendations that would assist in combating the global concern regarding childhood obesity if IS/IT researchers and other implement them during the development of any IT intervention. Conclusions Using gamification and gaming elements in imparting nutritional knowledge to children and improving their eating habits and behaviors is considered effective generally. It provides them with the needed knowledge and promotes the acquisition of better habits within enjoyable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athir S Alghamdi
- Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind H Bitar
- Department of Information Systems, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Wang J, Winkley K, Wei X, Cao Y, Chang YS. The relationships between caregivers' self-reported and visual perception of child weight and their non-responsive feeding practices: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2023; 180:106343. [PMID: 36228780 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impacts of caregivers' perception of child weight on their non-responsive feeding practices are inconclusive. This systematic review aimed to examine their relationships. METHODS A systematic search of five databases was conducted from inception to March 2022, following PRISMA guidelines. Data synthesis was performed using semi-quantitative approach and meta-analysis. RESULTS Twenty-two studies with 12005 respondents were included for semi-quantitative analyses. Eighteen studies examined 26 associations between caregivers' perception of child weight and food restriction with 12 statistically significant associations being observed. A total of 22 relationships between caregivers' perception of child weight and pressure to eat were investigated, with 13 being statistically significant. The statistically significant associations consistently reported that caregivers' visual and self-reported perception of child weight was positively associated with their restrictive feeding and negatively associated with pressure to eat. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) indicated that caregivers who perceived their child as overweight were found to apply pressure to eat less frequently (OR = 0.61; 95%CI: 0.44, 0.84) compared with those who did not. However, caregivers' perception of child weight was not statistically significantly associated with restrictive feeding (OR = 1.37; 95%CI: 0.74, 2.55). CONCLUSION Caregivers' self-reported and visual perception of child weight may be important risk factors for non-responsive feeding practices, particularly food restriction and pressure to eat. Thus, interventions need to consider the role of caregivers' perception of child weight, which may optimize feeding practices. Furthermore, longitudinal and intervention-based studies using validated measurements while controlling for potential covariates are needed to provide more evidence on their causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, SE1 8WA, London, UK.
| | - Kirsty Winkley
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, SE1 8WA, London, UK.
| | - Xiaoxue Wei
- School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Cao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 70182, Örebro, Sweden; Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yan-Shing Chang
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, SE1 8WA, London, UK.
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20
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Ahmed A, Sattar N, Yaghootkar H. Advancing a causal role of type 2 diabetes and its components in developing macro- and microvascular complications via genetic studies. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14982. [PMID: 36256488 PMCID: PMC9827870 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The role of diabetes in developing microvascular and macrovascular complications has been subject to extensive research. Despite multiple observational and genetic studies, the causal inference of diabetes (and associated risk factors) on those complications remains incomplete. In this review, we focused on type 2 diabetes, as the major form of diabetes, and investigated the evidence of causality provided by observational and genetic studies. We found that genetic studies based on Mendelian randomization provided consistent evidence of causal inference of type 2 diabetes on macrovascular complications; however, the evidence for causal inference on microvascular complications has been somewhat limited. We also noted high BMI could be causal for several diabetes complications, notable given high BMI is commonly upstream of type 2 diabetes and the recent calls to target weight loss more aggressively. We emphasize the need for further studies to identify type 2 diabetes components that mostly drive the risk of those complications. Even so, the genetic evidence summarized broadly concurs with the need for a multifactorial risk reduction approach in type 2 diabetes, including addressing excess adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altayeb Ahmed
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational MedicineBrunel University LondonLondonUK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic HealthUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Hanieh Yaghootkar
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Inflammation Research and Translational MedicineBrunel University LondonLondonUK
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21
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Abstract
Childhood obesity is, according to the WHO, one of the most serious challenges of the 21st century. More than 100 million children have obesity today. Already during childhood, almost all organs are at risk of being affected by obesity. In this review, we present the current knowledge about diseases associated with childhood obesity and how they are affected by weight loss. One major causative factor is obesity-induced low-grade chronic inflammation, which can be observed already in preschool children. This inflammation-together with endocrine, paracrine, and metabolic effects of obesity-increases the long-term risk for several severe diseases. Type 2 diabetes is increasingly prevalent in adolescents and young adults who have had obesity during childhood. When it is diagnosed in young individuals, the morbidity and mortality rate is higher than when it occurs later in life, and more dangerous than type 1 diabetes. Childhood obesity also increases the risk for several autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease, arthritis, and type 1 diabetes and it is well established that childhood obesity also increases the risk for cardiovascular disease. Consequently, childhood obesity increases the risk for premature mortality, and the mortality rate is three times higher already before 30 years of age compared with the normal population. The risks associated with childhood obesity are modified by weight loss. However, the risk reduction is affected by the age at which weight loss occurs. In general, early weight loss-that is, before puberty-is more beneficial, but there are marked disease-specific differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Marcus
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Danielsson
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emilia Hagman
- Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Fiore G, Magenes VC, DI Profio E, Milanta C, Calcaterra V, Diamanti A, Campoy C, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Gut microbiota in obesity and related comorbidities in children and adolescents: the role of biotics in treatment. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2022; 74:632-649. [PMID: 35708037 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.06964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex pathology, globally spread, with a multifactorial pathogenesis, strictly linked with lifestyle, hormones, genetic and epigenetic factors. Evidence supports that obesity, and its comorbidities, are related to changes in gut microbiota, partially responsible of the modulation of energy metabolism. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Pediatric obesity has been associated with lower bacterial diversity and differences in composition of the gut microbiota, also varying according to the metabolic status of obese subjects. Indeed, differences in distributions and activity of microorganisms in the gut of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese children have been highlighted. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Based on human studies, this review aims to discuss gut microbiota alterations in obese children and adolescents and its role in obese-related complications. Moreover, the role of biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and -marginally- postbiotics) has been analyzed as modulator of obesity-related dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS As a conclusion, a deeper knowledge about biotic mechanisms of action would be of great interest to implement the clinical care of children and adolescents with obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria C Magenes
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta DI Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanta
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Diamanti
- Unit of Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Centre of Excellence for Pediatric Research EURISTIKOS, Department of Pediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy - .,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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23
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Blond K, Vistisen D, Aarestrup J, Bjerregaard LG, Hudda MT, Tjønneland A, Allin KH, Jørgensen ME, Jensen BW, Baker JL. Body mass index trajectories in childhood and incidence rates of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease in adulthood: A cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 191:110055. [PMID: 36041552 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We examined associations between five body mass index (BMI) trajectories from ages 6-15 years and register-based adult-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and coronary heart disease (CHD) with and without adjustment for adult BMI. METHODS Child and adult BMI came from two Danish cohorts and 13,205 and 13,438 individuals were included in T2D and CHD analyses, respectively. Trajectories were estimated by latent class modelling. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated with Poisson regression. RESULTS In models without adult BMI, compared to the lowest trajectory, among men the T2D IRRs were 0.92 (95 %CI:0.77-1.09) for the second lowest trajectory and 1.51 (95 %CI:0.71-3.20) for the highest trajectory. The corresponding IRRs in women were 0.92 (95 %CI:0.74-1.16) and 3.58 (95 %CI:2.30-5.57). In models including adult BMI, compared to the lowest trajectory, T2D IRRs in men were 0.57 (95 %CI:0.47-0.68) for the second lowest trajectory and 0.26 (95 %CI:0.12-0.56) for the highest trajectory. The corresponding IRRs in women were 0.60 (95 %CI:0.48-0.75) and 0.59 (95 %CI:0.36-0.96). The associations were similar in direction, but not statistically significant, for CHD. CONCLUSIONS Incidence rates of adult-onset T2D were greater for a high child BMI trajectory than a low child BMI trajectory, but not in models that included adult BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Blond
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte Vistisen
- Clinical Epidemiological Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Aarestrup
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise G Bjerregaard
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammed T Hudda
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; The Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine H Allin
- Center for Molecular Prediction of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PREDICT), Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marit E Jørgensen
- Clinical Epidemiological Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Greenland, Nuuk, Greenland; National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Britt W Jensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jennifer L Baker
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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The Relationships between Caregivers’ Concern about Child Weight and Their Non-Responsive Feeding Practices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142885. [PMID: 35889843 PMCID: PMC9323971 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It is unclear whether caregivers’ concern about child weight impacts their non-responsive feeding practices. This systematic review aimed to examine their relationships. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science core collection, CINAHL and grey literature was conducted from inception to March 2022, following PRISMA guidelines. Data synthesis was performed using a semi-quantitative approach and a meta-analysis. Results: A total of 35 studies with 22,933 respondents were included in the review for semi-quantitative analyses. Thirty-four studies examined 52 associations between concern about child weight and restriction with 40 statistically significant associations being observed. A total of 34 relationships between concern about child weight and pressure to eat were investigated, with 12 being statistically significant. The pooled regression coefficients (β) demonstrated that caregivers’ concern about child overweight was positively associated with restriction (β = 0.22; 95%CI: 0.12, 0.31), negatively associated with use of food as a reward (β = −0.06; 95%CI: −0.11, −0.01), and not statistically associated with pressure to eat (β = −0.05; 95%CI: −0.13, 0.04). The pooled odds ratios (ORs) indicated that caregivers who were concerned about child overweight were found to use restrictive feeding more often (OR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.69, 3.23), while less frequently adopting pressure to eat (OR = 0.76; 95%CI: 0.59, 0.98) compared with those without concerns. The results also showed that caregivers who were concerned about child underweight were more likely to force their children to eat (OR = 1.83; 95%CI: 1.44, 2.33) than those without concerns. Conclusion: Caregivers’ concern about child weight may be an important risk factor for non-responsive feeding practices. Thus, interventions are needed to focus on managing and relieving caregivers’ excessive concern about child weight, especially overweight, which may optimize feeding practices and subsequently contribute to child health.
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25
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Fu L, Cheng H, Zhao X, Hou D, Xie X, Mi J. Distinct causal effects of body fat distribution on cardiometabolic traits among children: Findings from the BCAMS study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1753-1765. [PMID: 35599089 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies reveal that different body fat measures are associated with cardiometabolic disease with different effects. However, causality is not reflected by such observations. To explore and compare the causal relationships of general obesity (measured by body mass index (BMI)), adipose obesity (measured by fat mass percentage (FMP)) and central obesity (measured by waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) with cardiometabolic traits among children. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted one sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in 3266 children from Beijing Children and Adolescents Metabolic Syndrome Study. Genetic instruments based on 28 SNPs were performed to explore and compare the causal associations of genetically BMI, FMP and WHtR with cardiometabolic traits. The genetic instruments were robustly correlated with observed BMI, FMP and WHtR. Each genetically 1-SD increment in BMI, FMP and WHtR were causally associated with increment in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), log-transformed fasting plasma glucose (FPG), log-transformed HOMA-β, and decrease in log-transformed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), respectively (all P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that BMI and FMP showed stronger effects on SBP, DBP, HOMA-β and HDL than WHtR (all P < 0.05). We also observed causal associations of BMI and FMP with log-transformed fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS The MR analysis based on population-based cohort indicated a causal relationship of adiposity and body fat distribution with cardiometabolic traits. When compared with central obesity, general obesity and adipose obesity might own stronger effects on blood pressure and blood lipids among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwan Fu
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Dongqing Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghui Xie
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China.
| | - Jie Mi
- Center for Non-communicable Disease Management, Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education, China.
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26
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Tsviban A, Frenkel A, Schvartz N, Tzur D, Klaitman V, Walfisch A. The association between adolescent obesity and later gestational diabetes in military personnel: A retrospective cohort study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 189:109883. [PMID: 35504461 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between body mass index (BMI) in adolescence and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has not been completely delineated. The purpose of our study was to determine the extent by which adolescent obesity increases the risk for developing GDM later in life. METHODS A retrospective cohort study including all army personnel pregnancies occurring between the years 2009-2019 was conducted. Adolescent BMI of participants was available using pre-recruitment army records. GDM and other pregnancy outcomes were compared between two groups: adolescent BMI below 30 (comparison group) and that of 30 or more (exposed group). Multivariable models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Following exclusion of cases with missing or partial glucose tests, and undocumented BMI, 6877 deliveries were included in the analysis. GDM rates were higher in the exposed group (4.9% vs. 2.9%, p value-0.09). GDM rates were twice as common in the exposed group (4.9% vs. 2.9%, p value-0.09). The multivariable model, adjusted for country of birth, socio-economic class, medical profile score, maternal age, and follow-up time, confirmed an independent association between adolescent obesity and later GDM, with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.22 (CI 1.1-4.5, p value - 0.03). CONCLUSION Obesity during the adolescent years is independently associated with gestational diabetes later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tsviban
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Israeli Defense Force, Israel; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel; Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Adi Frenkel
- The Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Naama Schvartz
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Vered Klaitman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Israeli Defense Force, Israel; Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
| | - Asnat Walfisch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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Chen W, Yao D, Yan H, Wang M, Pan Y. Genetically predicted childhood obesity and adult atrial fibrillation: A mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2022; 32:1019-1026. [PMID: 35086764 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It is unclear whether the association of childhood obesity with adult atrial fibrillation observed in observational studies reflects causal effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of childhood obesity with adult atrial fibrillation using genetic instruments. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) design to evaluate the association between childhood obesity and adult atrial fibrillation. Two sets of genetic variants (15 single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs] for childhood body mass index [BMI] and 12 SNPs for dichotomous childhood obesity) were selected as instruments. Summary data on SNP-childhood obesity and SNP-atrial fibrillation associations were obtained from recently published genome-wide association studies. Effect estimates were evaluated using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) methods. Other MR analyses, including MR-Egger, simple and weighted median, weighted MBE and MR-PRESSO methods were performed in sensitivity analyses. The IVW models showed that both a genetically predicted one-standard deviation increase in childhood BMI (kg/m2) and higher log-odds of childhood obesity were associated with a substantial increase in the risk of atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11-1.34, P < 0.001; OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04-1.14, P < 0.001). MR-Egger regression showed no evidence of genetic pleiotropy for childhood BMI (intercept = 0.000, 95% CI: -0.024 to 0.023), but for childhood obesity (intercept = -0.036, 95% CI: -0.057 to -0.015). Similar results were observed using leave-one-out and other MR methods in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS This MR analysis found a consistent association between genetically predicted childhood obesity and an increased risk of adult atrial fibrillation. Further research is warranted to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxiao Yao
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyi Yan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuesong Pan
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.
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28
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Hou C, Wang Y, Sui X, Yi J, Yao H, Liu W, Yu Z, Xia L, Guo Q, Xin W, Hou Q. The association of serum magnesium and chronic kidney disease: a two-sample mendelian randomization study of European descent. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1309-1314. [PMID: 35260827 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01106-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous observational studies focused on the association of serum magnesium (SMg) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the conclusion was inconsistent. To investigate the causal relationship of SMg and CKD, we performed a two-sample mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis using publicly datasets. METHOD In mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) which had genetic statistical significance with SMg but not associated with kidney function and confounding factors as instrumental variable (IV). To select SNPs, we used publicly database of Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) and Chronic Kidney Disease Genetics (CKDGen) Confirms. We used inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, MR-Egger regression, weighted mode, and simple mode approaches in TSMR analysis. RESULTS We selected 4 SNPs (rs4072037, rs7965584, rs11144134 and rs448378) as IV. In IVW approach, the result of MR analysis for CKD was OR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.06, 4.75, P = 0.58; for estimated glomerular filtration rate from creatinine (eGFR)crea was β = -0.06, 95% CI: -1.08, 0.07, P = 0.39; for estimated glomerular filtration rate from cystatin C (eGFR)cys was β = -0.03, 95% CI: -0.43, 0.36, P = 0.86, respectively per SD increase in SMg. When subgroup by diabetes mellitus (DM), the results for DM-eGFRcrea was β = -0.33, 95% CI: -0.85, 0.19, P = 0.21; and for non-DM-eGFRcrea was β = -0.03, 95% CI: -0.16, 0.11, P = 0.71. The results of other four MR approaches were consistent with IVW approach (all P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Our TSMR analysis showed that SMg had no causal effect on kidney function and progress CKD in European descent. As for the results about overall population, the verified study is needed in future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Hou
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxia Sui
- Department of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jihu Yi
- Department of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huichen Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The third affiliated hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weihua Liu
- School of Nursing, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Lichuan Xia
- Zibo Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Department of Nursing, The second affiliated hospital of Shandong first medical university, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong First Medical University Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Qingzhi Hou
- Department of Public Health and Health Management, Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China.
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29
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Wang W, Lv J, Yu C, Guo Y, Pei P, Zhuang Z, Yang L, Millwood IY, Walters RG, Chen Y, Du H, Wu X, Chen J, Chen Z, Clarke R, Huang T, Li L. Lifestyle factors and fetal and childhood origins of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study of Chinese and European adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 115:749-758. [PMID: 34698828 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early-life development plays a key role in adult type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the extent to which this can be attenuated by lifestyle is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim was to investigate the independent relevance of genetic predisposition to low birth weight and childhood obesity for T2D, and their attenuation, by adherence to a healthy lifestyle in adulthood. METHODS Genetic risk scores (GRSs) were estimated for birth weight and childhood BMI with genetic risk categories according to their quintiles in 90,029 and 321,225 participants from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB; mean age, 53.0 y) and UK Biobank (UKB; 56.1 y). Healthy lifestyle scores were defined on noncurrent smoking, moderate alcohol consumption, healthy diet, regular physical activity, and nonobesity, and categorized into healthy (4∼5 factors), intermediate (2∼3 factors), and unhealthy (0∼1 factor) lifestyle. RESULTS GRSs for low birth weight and childhood BMI were associated with higher T2D risks. Healthy lifestyle was related to lower T2D risk, and there was an additive interaction with increasing childhood BMI GRS and decreasing healthy lifestyle factors on T2D risk, whereas no additive interaction was observed for birth weight. Participants with a healthy compared with an unhealthy lifestyle had a 68% (HR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.47) and 77% (0.23; 0.19, 0.28) lower T2D risk among participants at high genetic risk (lowest quintile) of low birth weight in the CKB and UKB. Among participants with high genetic risk (highest quintile) of childhood obesity, compared with those with an unhealthy lifestyle, adherence to a healthy lifestyle was associated with a 69% (0.31; 0.22, 0.46) and 80% (0.20; 0.17, 0.25) lower risk of T2D in the CKB and UKB. CONCLUSIONS Genetic predisposition to low birth weight and childhood obesity were associated with higher risk of adult T2D and these excess risks were attenuated by adherence to a healthy lifestyle in adulthood, particularly among those at high genetic risk of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhuang Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robin G Walters
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Beijing, China
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Yan YS, Qu Z, Lv PP, Huang HF. Pediatric and adult obesity concerns in female health: a Mendelian randomization study. Endocrine 2022; 75:400-408. [PMID: 34542801 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-021-02867-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adulthood and childhood obesity are both associated with reproductive diseases and gynecological cancers in females. However, the causal factors associated with these observations have yet to be identified. Mendelian randomization is a process that is independent of inverse bias and confounding and can act as a random control trial in which genetic groups are settled during meiosis, thus representing an effective tool with which to investigate causality. METHODS We carried out several Mendelian randomization trials based on the combined genetic scores of 75 adult-associated and 15 childhood-associated body mass index (BMI) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), databases for several gynecological cancers and reproductive diseases from the UK Biobank (with 194,153 participants), using the traditional inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the main method. RESULTS Elevated adult-associated BMI scores (odds ratio [OR] = 1.003; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-1.004) and childhood-associated BMI scores (OR = 1.003; 95% CI: 1.001-1.004) were related to a higher risk of the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), as determined by the traditional IVW method. The random IVW method further revealed a nominal negative causal association between childhood-associated BMI and subsequent endometriosis (OR = 0.995; 95% CI: 0.991-0.999). CONCLUSIONS Consistent with observational consequences, our findings indicated that adulthood obesity may play role in the development of PCOS and that childhood obesity can increase the risk of PCOS but may reduce the incidence of endometriosis in later life. Further research is now needed to validate our findings and identify the precise mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shang Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Qu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
- Orthopedic Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping-Ping Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - He-Feng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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31
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Zhang L, Zhuang Z, Zhang G, Huang T, Fan D. Assessment of bidirectional relationships between 98 genera of the human gut microbiota and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a 2-sample Mendelian randomization study. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:8. [PMID: 34979977 PMCID: PMC8721912 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-021-02522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests a mutual interaction between gut microbiome alterations and ALS pathogenesis. However, previous studies were susceptible to potential confounding factors and reverse causation bias, likely leading to inconsistent and biased results. OBJECTIVES To decipher the potentially mutual relationship between gut microbiota and ALS, we used a bidirectional two-sample MR approach to examine the associations between the gut microbiome and ALS. RESULTS Using the inverse variance-weighted method, OTU10032 unclassified Enterobacteriaceae species-level OTU and unclassified Acidaminococcaceae were associated with a higher risk of ALS (per relative abundance: OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07; P = 0.011 and OR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; P = 0.009, respectively). Importantly, Gamma-Glu-Phe was showed potential deleterious effects on the risk of ALS (genetically predicted per a 1-standard deviation increase in the level of Gamma-Glu-Phe: OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.50-2.55; P = 0.012). Sensitivity analysis of the two candidate genera and metabolites using the MR-Egger and weighted-median methods produced similar estimates, and no horizontal pleiotropy or outliers were observed. Intriguingly, genetically predicted ALS was associated with an increase in the relative abundance of OTU4607_Sutterella (per 1-unit higher log odds: β, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.27-3.18; P = 0.020) and Lactobacillales_ORDER (per 1-unit higher log odds: β, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.09-0.94; P = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide novel evidence supporting the bidirectional relationship between the gut microbiota and ALS. These results may contribute to designing microbiome- and microbiome-dependent metabolite interventions in future ALS clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhuang Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Gan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Biomarker and Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Beijing, China
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Liu Z, Gao P, Gao AY, Lin Y, Feng XX, Zhang F, Xu LQ, Niu WY, Fang H, Zhou S, Li WH, Yuan JH, Xu CX, Wu N, Li HJ, Wen LM, Patton GC, Wang HJ, Wu YF. Effectiveness of a Multifaceted Intervention for Prevention of Obesity in Primary School Children in China: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:e214375. [PMID: 34747972 PMCID: PMC8576631 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.4375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE A rapid nutritional transition has caused greater childhood obesity prevalence in many countries, but the repertoire of effective preventive interventions remains limited. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of a novel multifaceted intervention for obesity prevention in primary school children. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cluster randomized clinical trial was conducted during a single school year (from September 11, 2018, to June 30, 2019) across 3 socioeconomically distinct regions in China according to a prespecified trial protocol. Twenty-four schools were randomly allocated (1:1) to the intervention or the control group, with 1392 eligible children aged 8 to 10 years participating. Data from the intent-to-treat population were analyzed from October 1 to December 31, 2019. INTERVENTIONS A multifaceted intervention targeted both children (promoting healthy diet and physical activity) and their environment (engaging schools and families to support children's behavioral changes). The intervention was novel in its strengthening of family involvement with the assistance of a smartphone app. The control schools engaged in their usual practices. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the change in body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in square meters) from baseline to the end of the trial. Secondary outcomes included changes in adiposity outcomes (eg, BMI z score, prevalence of obesity), blood pressure, physical activity and dietary behaviors, obesity-related knowledge, and physical fitness. Generalized linear mixed models were used in the analyses. RESULTS Among the 1392 participants (mean [SD] age, 9.6 [0.4] years; 717 boys [51.5%]; mean [SD] BMI, 18.6 [3.7]), 1362 (97.8%) with follow-up data were included in the analyses. From baseline to the end of the trial, the mean BMI decreased in the intervention group, whereas it increased in the control group; the mean between-group difference in BMI change was -0.46 (95% CI, -0.67 to -0.25; P < .001), which showed no evidence of difference across different regions, sexes, maternal education levels, and primary caregivers (parents vs nonparents). The prevalence of obesity decreased by 27.0% of the baseline figure (a relative decrease) in the intervention group, compared with 5.6% in the control group. The intervention also improved other adiposity outcomes, dietary, sedentary, and physical activity behaviors, and obesity-related knowledge, but it did not change moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity, physical fitness, or blood pressure. No adverse events were observed during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The multifaceted intervention effectively reduced the mean BMI and obesity prevalence in primary school children across socioeconomically distinct regions in China, suggesting its potential for national scaling. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03665857.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Yu Gao
- Dongcheng Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Urumqi Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Fang Zhang
- Mentougou Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qun Xu
- Center of Excellence for mHealth and Smart Healthcare, China Mobile Research Institute, China Mobile Communications Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Yi Niu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Fang
- China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hao Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chun-Xia Xu
- Urumqi Primary and Secondary School Health Care Center, Xinjiang, China
| | - Na Wu
- Center of Excellence for mHealth and Smart Healthcare, China Mobile Research Institute, China Mobile Communications Corporation, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Juan Li
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ming Wen
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - George C. Patton
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hai-Jun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Feng Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Beijing, China
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Yan S, Lyu J, Liu Z, Zhou S, Ji Y, Wang H. Association of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia with offspring adiposity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:906781. [PMID: 36082079 PMCID: PMC9445980 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.906781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of gestational hypertension (GH) and preeclampsia (PE) with offspring adiposity outcomes had controversial results in different studies. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between maternal GH/PE and offspring adiposity outcomes. SEARCH STRATEGY Studies were identified in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, with keywords including "gestational hypertension", "preeclampsia", "offspring", "weight", "cohort study", etc., without year restriction. This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022292084. SELECTION CRITERIA We set the selection criteria for six aspects: population, outcome, time frame, study design, and availability. For the studies included in the meta-analysis, we required the potential confounders in these studies have been adjusted. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two reviewers independently evaluated the data from the included studies. The meta-analyses included mean differences, regression coefficients, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results were performed using RevMan software (version 5.4; Cochrane Collaboration). Heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using the I2 statistic. MAIN RESULTS A total of 16 studies were included in our review, 15 of which were evaluated as high quality. In all offspring, during the early life (28 days-36 months), GH/PE exposure was found to be not or inversely associated with offspring obesity, then become positively associated at larger ages (3-19 years old). In offspring with adverse birth outcomes, the maternal GH/PE-exposed group had a lower weight in the short term (28 days to 18 months), but there was a trend of rapid weight gain as they grew older, compared with the non-exposed group. The meta-analysis showed that the BMI of the female offspring in the maternal PE-exposed group was significantly higher than that of the non-exposed offspring (MD=1.04, 95% CI: 0.67~1.42, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The systematic review suggested that maternal exposure to de novo hypertension disorders of pregnancy (HDP) was associated with obesity in offspring, extending from early childhood to adolescence. The meta-analysis showed that PE was associated with higher BMI in female offspring. More studies are needed to conduct stratified analyses by PE/GH, the severity of HDP, or gender. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022292084.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinlang Lyu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yuelong Ji
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Haijun Wang, ; Yuelong Ji,
| | - Haijun Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Haijun Wang, ; Yuelong Ji,
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Richardson TG, Mykkänen J, Pahkala K, Ala-Korpela M, Bell JA, Taylor K, Viikari J, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari O, Davey Smith G. Evaluating the direct effects of childhood adiposity on adult systemic metabolism: a multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis. Int J Epidemiol 2021; 50:1580-1592. [PMID: 33783488 PMCID: PMC8580280 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who are obese in childhood have an elevated risk of disease in adulthood. However, whether childhood adiposity directly impacts intermediate markers of this risk, independently of adult adiposity, is unclear. In this study, we have simultaneously evaluated the effects of childhood and adulthood body size on 123 systemic molecular biomarkers representing multiple metabolic pathways. METHODS Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to estimate the causal effect of childhood body size on a total of 123 nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolic markers using summary genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from up to 24 925 adults. Multivariable MR was then applied to evaluate the direct effects of childhood body size on these metabolic markers whilst accounting for adult body size. Further MR analyses were undertaken to estimate the potential mediating effects of these circulating metabolites on the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in adulthood using a sample of 60 801 cases and 123 504 controls. RESULTS Univariable analyses provided evidence that childhood body size has an effect on 42 of the 123 metabolic markers assessed (based on P < 4.07 × 10-4). However, the majority of these effects (35/42) substantially attenuated when accounting for adult body size using multivariable MR. We found little evidence that the biomarkers that were potentially influenced directly by childhood body size (leucine, isoleucine and tyrosine) mediate this effect onto adult disease risk. Very-low-density lipoprotein markers provided the strongest evidence of mediating the long-term effect of adiposity on CAD risk. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that childhood adiposity predominantly exerts its detrimental effect on adult systemic metabolism along a pathway that involves adulthood body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom G Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Juha Mykkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Ala-Korpela
- Computational Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and Biocenter Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NMR Metabolomics Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joshua A Bell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Kurt Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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Xiang C, Zhang Y, Yong C, Xi Y, Huo J, Zou H, Liang J, Jiang Z, Lin Q. Association between Parents' Perceptions of Preschool Children's Weight, Feeding Practices and Children's Dietary Patterns: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113767. [PMID: 34836023 PMCID: PMC8624819 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parental perception of children’s weight may influence parents’ feeding practices, and in turn, child dietary intake and weight status; however, there is limited evidence generated for preschoolers. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate associations between Chinese parents’ perceptions of child weight, feeding practices and preschoolers’ dietary patterns. Participants (1616 parent-child pairs) were recruited from six kindergartens in Hunan, China. Parents’ misperception, concern, and dissatisfaction on child weight were collected through a self-administered caregiver questionnaire. Parental feeding practices and children’s dietary intake were, respectively, assessed using the Child Feeding Questionnaire and a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Linear regression models were applied to analyze associations between parental weight perceptions, feeding practices, and preschooler’s dietary patterns. Associations between parents’ weight perceptions and dietary patterns were significant only among underweight children. Regardless of child weight status, parental weight underestimation and preference for a heavier child were positively associated with pressure-to-eat. Parental weight concern was positively associated with restriction in normal weight child, but this was not found in other weight groups. In conclusion, Parents’ misperception, concern, and dissatisfaction about child weight are associated with parents’ feeding practices and may influence preschoolers’ dietary quality, but the relationships vary by children’s actual weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Xiang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (C.X.); (C.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Youjie Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Cuiting Yong
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (C.X.); (C.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (C.X.); (C.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiaqi Huo
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (C.X.); (C.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Hanshuang Zou
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (C.X.); (C.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Jiajing Liang
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (C.X.); (C.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Zhiqian Jiang
- Faculty of Agriculture, Life and Environment Science, Nutrition and Food Science Program, University of Alberta, 116st 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Qian Lin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China; (C.X.); (C.Y.); (Y.X.); (J.H.); (H.Z.); (J.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhuo C, Zhao J, Chen M, Lu Y. Physical Activity and Risks of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:722154. [PMID: 34660723 PMCID: PMC8511639 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.722154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although some observational studies have shown that physical activity may have a positive relationship with cardiovascular diseases, the causal effect remains uncertain. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to identify the potential causal effect between physical activity and cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Summary statistics of genome-wide association studies on four physical activity phenotypes and cardiovascular diseases were utilized. MR analysis was performed using inverse-variance weighted (IVW) and multivariable MR. Multiple sensitivity analysis was further conducted to identify the robustness of our results. Results: Genetically predicted self-reported vigorous physical activity (VPA) was significantly associated with lower risk of myocardial infarction (IVW OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.08–0.68, p-value: 0.007). Additionally, the causal effect of VPA with myocardial infarction was robust after adjusting for several cardiovascular risk factors through using the multivariable MR. There were no apparent causal associations between physical activity with other cardiovascular diseases. Results were consistent with the sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: The present study supports a protective role of self-reported vigorous physical activity in the initiation of myocardial infarction and highlights the importance of activity levels of physical activity. Further studies are required to elucidate the potential biological pathways of physical activity with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengui Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Jianqiang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Lu
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chen X, Kong J, Pan J, Huang K, Zhou W, Diao X, Cai J, Zheng J, Yang X, Xie W, Yu H, Li J, Pei L, Dong W, Qin H, Huang J, Lin T. Kidney damage causally affects the brain cortical structure: A Mendelian randomization study. EBioMedicine 2021; 72:103592. [PMID: 34619639 PMCID: PMC8498227 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the brain cortical structures of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported; however, the cause has not been determined yet. Herein, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to reveal the causal effect of kidney damage on brain cortical structure. METHODS Genome-wide association studies summary data of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in 480,698 participants from the CKDGen Consortium were used to identify genetically predicted eGFR. Data from 567,460 individuals from the CKDGen Consortium were used to assess genetically determined CKD; 302,687 participants from the UK Biobank were used to evaluate genetically predicted albuminuria. Further, data from 51,665 patients from the ENIGMA Consortium were used to assess the relationship between genetic predisposition and reduced eGFR, CKD, and progressive albuminuria with alterations in cortical thickness (TH) or surficial area (SA) of the brain. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure the SA and TH globally and in 34 functional regions. Inverse-variance weighted was used as the primary estimate whereas MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier, MR-Egger and weighted median were used to detect heterogeneity and pleiotropy. FINDINGS At the global level, albuminuria decreased TH (β = -0.07 mm, 95% CI: -0.12 mm to -0.02 mm, P = 0.004); at the functional level, albuminuria reduced TH of pars opercularis gyrus without global weighted (β = -0.11 mm, 95% CI: -0.16 mm to -0.07 mm, P = 3.74×10-6). No pleiotropy was detected. INTERPRETATION Kidney damage causally influences the cortex structure which suggests the existence of a kidney-brain axis. FUNDING This study was supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province (Grant No. 2020A1515111119 and 2017B020227007), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFA0902803), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81825016, 81961128027, 81772719, 81772728), the Key Areas Research and Development Program of Guangdong (Grant No. 2018B010109006), Guangdong Special Support Program (2017TX04R246), Grant KLB09001 from the Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Gene Regulation and Target Therapy of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, and Grants from the Guangdong Science and Technology Department (2020B1212060018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Chen
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China; Department of Pediatric Urology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianqiu Kong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiexin Pan
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, PR China
| | | | - Xiayao Diao
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiahao Cai
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Junjiong Zheng
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xuefan Yang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weibin Xie
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiande Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, PR China
| | - Lu Pei
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wen Dong
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Haide Qin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Tianxin Lin
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Horesh A, Tsur AM, Bardugo A, Twig G. Adolescent and Childhood Obesity and Excess Morbidity and Mortality in Young Adulthood-a Systematic Review. Curr Obes Rep 2021; 10:301-310. [PMID: 33950400 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-021-00439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Rates of childhood obesity have been soaring in recent decades. The association between obesity in adulthood and excess morbidity and mortality has been readily established, whereas the association of childhood and adolescent obesity has not. The purpose of this review is to summarize existing data regarding the association of the presence of obesity in childhood/adolescence and early-onset adverse outcomes in adulthood, with specific focus on young adults under the age of 45 years. RECENT FINDINGS Diabetes, cancer, and cardiometabolic outcomes in midlife are closely linked to childhood and adolescent obesity. Childhood and adolescent obesity confer major risks of excess and premature morbidity and mortality, which may be evident before age 30 years in both sexes. The scientific literature is mixed regarding the independent risk of illness, which may be attributed to childhood BMI regardless of adult BMI, and additional data is required to establish causality between the two. Nonetheless, the increasing prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity may impose an increase of disease burden in midlife, emphasizing the need for effective interventions to be implemented at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Horesh
- The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Avishai M Tsur
- The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aya Bardugo
- The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Twig
- The Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Ramat Gan, Israel.
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel.
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Wang W, Wang J, Lv J, Yu C, Shao C, Tang Y, Guo Y, Bian Z, Du H, Yang L, Millwood IY, Walters RG, Chen Y, Chang L, Fan L, Chen J, Chen Z, Huang T, Li L. Association of heart rate and diabetes among 0.5 million adults in the China Kadoorie biobank: Results from observational and Mendelian randomization analyses. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2328-2337. [PMID: 34052074 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies have associated resting heart rate with incident diabetes. Whether the associations are causal remains unclear. We aimed to examine the shape and strength of the associations and assessed the causal relevance of such associations in Chinese adults. METHODS AND RESULTS The China Kadoorie Biobank enrolled 512,891 adults in China. Cox proportional hazard regression models was conducted to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for the associations of resting heart rate with type 2 diabetes and total diabetes. Among 92,724 participants, 36 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to resting heart rate were used to construct genetic risk score. We used Mendelian randomization analyses to make the causal inferences. During a median follow-up of 9 years, 7872 incident type 2 diabetes and 13,349 incident total diabetes were documented. After regression dilution bias adjustment, each 10 bpm higher heart rate was associated with about a 26% higher risk of type 2 diabetes (HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.23, 1.29]) and 23% higher risk of total diabetes (HR, 1.23 [95% CI, 1.20, 1.26]). Instrumental variable analyses showed participants at top quintile compared with those at bottom quintile had 30% higher risk for type 2 diabetes (HR, 1.30 [95% CI, 1.17, 1.43]), and 10% higher risk for total diabetes (HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.02, 1.20]). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that resting heart rate is an important risk factor for diabetes risk. The results suggest that novel treatment approaches targeting reduction of high heart rate for incidence of diabetes may be worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yida Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Bian
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit at the University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Liang Chang
- NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Henan CDC, Henan, China
| | - Lei Fan
- NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Henan CDC, Henan, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness & Response, Beijing, China.
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40
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Zhang Y, Mei H, Xu K, Li C, Xia Z, Tan Y, Yang S, Zhang J. What Links Maternal Prepregnancy BMI to Early Childhood BMI: A Serial Mediation Analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1164-1170. [PMID: 33991063 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the potential impact of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG), infant birth weight, and postnatal weight change (ΔWAZ) on the relationship between maternal prepregnancy BMI (ppBMI) and childhood BMI. METHODS This retrospective cohort study analyzed a data set from Wuhan, China. The mediation effect of targeted mediators on the association between maternal BMI and childhood BMI at the age of 2 years was analyzed. RESULTS In the mediation model comprising maternal GWG, infant birth weight, and the first-6-month ΔWAZ as mediators of the association between ppBMI and children's BMI, the per unit increase in ppBMI resulted in a 0.01-kg/m2 increase in children's BMI, through all three mediators. For the model comprising infant birth weight and the first-6-month ΔWAZ as mediators but maternal GWG as a moderator, the indirect effects of the first-6-month ΔWAZ on the relationship between ppBMI and childhood BMI was 0.0018 higher when maternal GWG increased from average values to 1 SD above the average values. CONCLUSIONS Maternal GWG, infant birth weight, and the first-6-month ΔWAZ mediated the effects of maternal ppBMI on children's BMI. Interventions targeting these factors can mitigate the risk of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Mei
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunan Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguo Xia
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yafei Tan
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoping Yang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianduan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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41
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Moldovan A, Waldman YY, Brandes N, Linial M. Body Mass Index and Birth Weight Improve Polygenic Risk Score for Type 2 Diabetes. J Pers Med 2021; 11:582. [PMID: 34205563 PMCID: PMC8233887 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11060582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in the post-genomic era is elucidating the genetic basis of human diseases. In recent years, studies have shown that polygenic risk scores (PRS), based on aggregated information from millions of variants across the human genome, can estimate individual risk for common diseases. In practice, the current medical practice still predominantly relies on physiological and clinical indicators to assess personal disease risk. For example, caregivers mark individuals with high body mass index (BMI) as having an increased risk to develop type 2 diabetes (T2D). An important question is whether combining PRS with clinical metrics can increase the power of disease prediction in particular from early life. In this work we examined this question, focusing on T2D. We present here a sex-specific integrated approach that combines PRS with additional measurements and age to define a new risk score. We show that such approach combining adult BMI and PRS achieves considerably better prediction than each of the measures on unrelated Caucasians in the UK Biobank (UKB, n = 290,584). Likewise, integrating PRS with self-reports on birth weight (n = 172,239) and comparative body size at age ten (n = 287,203) also substantially enhance prediction as compared to each of its components. While the integration of PRS with BMI achieved better results as compared to the other measurements, the latter are early-life measurements that can be integrated already at childhood, to allow preemptive intervention for those at high risk to develop T2D. Our integrated approach can be easily generalized to other diseases, with the relevant early-life measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avigail Moldovan
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | | | - Nadav Brandes
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
| | - Michal Linial
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel;
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Kindblom JM, Bygdell M, Hjelmgren O, Martikainen J, Rosengren A, Bergström G, Ohlsson C. Pubertal Body Mass Index Change Is Associated With Adult Coronary Atherosclerosis and Acute Coronary Events in Men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:2318-2327. [PMID: 34134518 PMCID: PMC8288483 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny M Kindblom
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden (J.M.K., M.B., C.O.).,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Pediatric Clinical Research Center, Gothenburg, Sweden (J.M.K.)
| | - Maria Bygdell
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden (J.M.K., M.B., C.O.)
| | - Ola Hjelmgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (O.H., A.R., G.B.).,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden (O.H., G.B.)
| | - Jari Martikainen
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden (J.M.)
| | - Annika Rosengren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (O.H., A.R., G.B.).,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Medicine/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden (A.R.)
| | - Göran Bergström
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden (O.H., A.R., G.B.).,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden (O.H., G.B.)
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden (J.M.K., M.B., C.O.).,Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Drug Treatment, Gothenburg, Sweden (C.O.)
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Fang X, Wang X, Song Z, Han D, Yin X, Liu B, Chen L, Zhang R, Lian F, Sui X. Causal association of childhood obesity with cancer risk in adulthood: A Mendelian randomization study. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1421-1425. [PMID: 34004046 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In observational studies of children and adolescents, higher body weight has been associated with distinct disease outcomes, including cancer, in adulthood. Therefore, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate the causal effect of childhood obesity on long-term cancer risk. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with higher childhood body mass index (BMI) from large-scale genome-wide association studies were used as genetic instruments. Summary-level data for 24 site-specific cancers were obtained from UK Biobank. We found that a 1-SD increase in childhood BMI (kg/m2 ) was significantly associated with a 60% increase in risk of pancreatic cancer (odds ratio [OR]: 1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12-2.28; P < 0.01) and a 47% increase in risk of esophageal cancer (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.09-1.97; P < 0.01) in adults. In contrast, there was an inverse association of genetic predisposition to childhood obesity with throat (OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.27-0.79; P < 0.01) and breast cancer (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.64-0.94; P < 0.01) in adult life. For the other 20 cancers studied, no statistically significant association was observed. Our MR analyses found causal effects of childhood obesity on several cancers. Maintaining a healthy weight should be emphasized during childhood and adolescence to prevent cancer risk later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexian Fang
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zijun Song
- School of Public Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangju Yin
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Bingqing Liu
- Department of Women's Healthcare, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Luyi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ronghua Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fuzhi Lian
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinbing Sui
- College of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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Ding S, Chen J, Dong B, Hu J. Association between parental socioeconomic status and offspring overweight/obesity from the China Family Panel Studies: a longitudinal survey. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e045433. [PMID: 33827842 PMCID: PMC8031690 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and the risk of offspring overweight/obesity and the changes of the association that occur as children grow older. DESIGN We used data from the nationally representative longitudinal survey of the China Family Panel Studies of 2010 and its three follow-up waves in 2012, 2014 and 2016. PARTICIPANTS A total of 6724 children aged 0-15 years old were included. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Average household income and paternal and maternal education levels were used as SES indicators. Logistic regression model for panel data was used to examine the associations between SES indicators and child overweight/obesity. A restricted cubic spline linear regression model was used to estimate body mass index (BMI) trajectories with child growth across parental SES levels. RESULTS Compared with the lowest education level (primary school or less), the ORs for fathers who had completed junior high school, senior high school and junior college or higher were 0.85 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.97), 0.77 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.92) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.55 to 0.93), respectively. The corresponding ORs for mothers were 0.76 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.86), 0.59 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.72) and 0.45 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.60), respectively. A negative association between parental education and offspring overweight/obesity was observed in the first 10 years but not in children 11-15 years old. BMI differences across parental education levels emerged from birth and widened before 6-7 years old, but decreased before adolescence. High average household income was related to a low risk of offspring overweight/obesity but not when parental education level was adjusted for. CONCLUSION High parental education levels were associated with a low risk of offspring overweight/obesity, especially before adolescence. Effective approaches need to be adopted in early childhood to reduce socioeconomic differences in overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Ding
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou Industrial Park Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Dong
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Dong SS, Zhang K, Guo Y, Ding JM, Rong Y, Feng JC, Yao S, Hao RH, Jiang F, Chen JB, Wu H, Chen XF, Yang TL. Phenome-wide investigation of the causal associations between childhood BMI and adult trait outcomes: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Genome Med 2021; 13:48. [PMID: 33771188 PMCID: PMC8004431 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00865-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Childhood obesity is reported to be associated with the risk of many diseases in adulthood. However, observational studies cannot fully account for confounding factors. We aimed to systematically assess the causal associations between childhood body mass index (BMI) and various adult traits/diseases using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods After data filtering, 263 adult traits genetically correlated with childhood BMI (P < 0.05) were subjected to MR analyses. Inverse-variance weighted, MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode methods were used to estimate the causal effects. Multivariable MR analysis was performed to test whether the effects of childhood BMI on adult traits are independent from adult BMI. Results We identified potential causal effects of childhood obesity on 60 adult traits (27 disease-related traits, 27 lifestyle factors, and 6 other traits). Higher childhood BMI was associated with a reduced overall health rating (β = − 0.10, 95% CI − 0.13 to − 0.07, P = 6.26 × 10−11). Specifically, higher childhood BMI was associated with increased odds of coronary artery disease (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.11, P = 4.28 × 10−11), essential hypertension (OR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.16, P = 1.27 × 10−11), type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.43, P = 1.57 × 10−34), and arthrosis (OR = 1.09, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.12, P = 8.80 × 10−9). However, after accounting for adult BMI, the detrimental effects of childhood BMI on disease-related traits were no longer present (P > 0.05). For dietary habits, different from conventional understanding, we found that higher childhood BMI was associated with low calorie density food intake. However, this association might be specific to the UK Biobank population. Conclusions In summary, we provided a phenome-wide view of the effects of childhood BMI on adult traits. Multivariable MR analysis suggested that the associations between childhood BMI and increased risks of diseases in adulthood are likely attributed to individuals remaining obese in later life. Therefore, ensuring that childhood obesity does not persist into later life might be useful for reducing the detrimental effects of childhood obesity on adult diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13073-021-00865-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jing-Miao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yu Rong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jun-Cheng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shi Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ruo-Han Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jia-Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China. .,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China.
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46
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Wang Z, Lai W, Zhong S. [Investigating the causal relationship between human blood metabolites and coronary artery disease using two-sample Mendelian randomization]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:272-278. [PMID: 33624602 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.02.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the causal relationship between blood metabolites and the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. OBJECTIVE Based on the data from a large-scale metabolome-based genome-wide association study (mGWAS) and the GWAS of CAD, we investigated the causality between blood metabolites and CAD using an inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and another 4 two-sample MR models. Heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and sensitivity tests were performed to evaluate the stability and reliability of the results. OBJECTIVE Among the 486 blood metabolites, 32 metabolites showed nominally causative association with CAD with the IVW method (P < 0.05), including 11 known metabolites and 21 unknown metabolites. Three known metabolites [N-acetylornithine, bradykinin-des-arg(9), and succinylcarnitine] were statistically significant in at least 3 MR models, but their causal effects on CAD were no longer significant after sensitivity analysis using leave-one-out method and elimination of the confounding instrumental variables. OBJECTIVE There is no strong evidence to support a robust causal relationship between the 486 blood metabolites and the risk of CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - W Lai
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - S Zhong
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Causal effect between total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol as risk factors for chronic kidney disease: a mendelian randomization study. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:35. [PMID: 33472594 PMCID: PMC7818570 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While observational studies show an association between serum lipid levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD), intervention studies that examine the preventive effects of serum lipid levels on the development of CKD are lacking. Methods To estimate the role of serum lipid levels in the etiology of CKD, we conducted a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study on serum lipid levels. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which were significantly associated genome-wide with serum lipid levels from the GLGC and CKDGen consortium genome-wide association study (GWAS), including total cholesterol (TC, n = 187,365), triglyceride (TG, n = 177,861), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C, n = 187,167), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C, n = 173,082), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1, n = 20,687), apolipoprotein B (ApoB, n = 20,690) and CKD (n = 117,165), were used as instrumental variables. None of the lipid-related SNPs was associated with CKD (all P > 0.05). Results MR analysis genetically predicted the causal effect between TC/HDL-C and CKD. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of TC within CKD was 0.756 (0.579 to 0.933) (P = 0.002), and HDL-C was 0.85 (0.687 to 1.012) (P = 0.049). No causal effects between TG, LDL-C- ApoA1, ApoB and CKD were observed. Sensitivity analyses confirmed that TC and HDL-C were significantly associated with CKD. Conclusions The findings from this MR study indicate causal effects between TC, HDL-C and CKD. Decreased TC and elevated HDL-C may reduce the incidence of CKD but need to be further confirmed by using a genetic and environmental approach. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-020-02228-3.
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Si S, Hou L, Chen X, Li W, Liu X, Liu C, Li Y, Yuan T, Li J, Wang B, Li H, Xue F. Exploring the causal roles of circulating remnant lipid profile on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: Mendelian randomization study. J Epidemiol 2021; 32:205-214. [PMID: 33441507 PMCID: PMC8979919 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Causal evidence of circulating lipids especially the remnant cholesterol with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is lacking. This research aimed to explore the causal roles of extensive lipid traits especially the remnant lipids in CVD. Methods Two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis was performed based on large-scale meta-analysis datasets in European ancestry. The causal effect of 15 circulating lipid profiles including 6 conventional lipids and 9 remnant lipids on coronary heart disease (CHD) and ischemic stroke (IS), as well as the subtypes, was assessed. Results Apolipoprotein B (Apo B), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were still important risk factors for CHD and myocardial infarction (MI) but not for IS. Apo B is the strongest which increased the CHD and MI risk by 44% and 41%, respectively. The odds ratios (ORs) of total TG on CHD and MI were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–1.38) and 1.24 (95% CI, 1.11–1.38), respectively. A one standard deviation difference increased TG in medium very-low-density lipoproteins (M.VLDL.TG), TG in small VLDL (S.VLDL.TG), TG in very small VLDL (XS.VLDL.TG), TG in intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL.TG), TG in very large HDL (XL.HDL.TG), and TG in small HDL (S.HDL.TG) particles also robustly increased the risk of CHD and MI by 9–28% and 9–27%, respectively. TG in very/extremely large VLDL (XXL.VLDL.TG and XL.VLDL.TG) were insignificant or even negatively associated with CHD (in multivariable TSMR), and negatively associated with IS as well. Conclusion The remnant lipids presented heterogeneity and two-sided effects for the risk of CHD and IS that may partially rely on the particle size. The findings suggested that the remnant lipids were required to be intervened according to specific components. This research confirms the importance of remnant lipids and provides causal evidence for potential targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucheng Si
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Wenchao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Yunxia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Tonghui Yuan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Jiqing Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Bojie Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University
| | - Hongkai Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University.,Institute for Medical Dataology, Shandong University.,National Institute of Health Data Science of China
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Fu X, Jia Y, Liu J, Lei Q, Li L, Li N, Hu Y, Wang S, Liu H, Yan S. The Predictive Effect of Health Examination in the Incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:3552080. [PMID: 34423045 PMCID: PMC8377476 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3552080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was increasing in recent years, and it is important to screen those nondiabetic populations through health examination to detect the potential risk factors for DM. We aimed to find the predictive effect of health examination on DM. METHODS We used the public database from Rich Healthcare Group of China to evaluate the potential predictive effect of health examination in the onset of DM. The colinear regression was used for estimating the relationship between the dynamics of the health examination index and the incident year of DM. The time-dependent ROC was used to calculate the best cutoff in predicting DM in the follow-up year. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used to evaluate the HR of related health examination. RESULTS A total of 211,833 participant medical records were included in our study, with 4,172 participants diagnosing as DM in the following years (among 2-7 years). All the initial health examination was significantly different in participants' final diagnosing as DM to those without DM. We found a negative correlation between the incidence of years of DM and the average initial FPG (r = -0.1862, P < 0.001). Moreover, the initial FPG had a strong predictive effect in predicting the future incidence of DM (AUC = 0.961), and the cutoff was 5.21 mmol/L. Participants with a higher initial FPG (>5.21 mmol/L) had a 2.73-fold chance to develop as DM in follow-up (95%CI = 2.65-2.81, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Initial FPG had a good predictive effect for detecting DM. The FPG should be controlled less than 5.21 mmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yingmin Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, No. 5 Zhanqian East Street, Shunyi District, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Clinics of Cadre, Department of Outpatient, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qinghua Lei
- Physical Examination Center, Central Hospital of Handan City, No. 59 Congtai North Road, Congtai District, Handan, Hebei Province 056008, China
| | - Lele Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Genetics, Metabolism and Adolescent Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, The Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, No. 56 Nan Li Shi Road, West District, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Physical Examination Center, Central Hospital of Handan City, No. 59 Congtai North Road, Congtai District, Handan, Hebei Province 056008, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Physical Examination Center, Central Hospital of Handan City, No. 59 Congtai North Road, Congtai District, Handan, Hebei Province 056008, China
| | - Hongzhou Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Handan City, No. 25 Congtai Road, Congtai District, Handan, Hebei Province 056002, China
| | - Shuangtong Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100853, China
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50
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Bashir A, Doreswamy S, Narra LR, Patel P, Guarecuco JE, Baig A, Lahori S, Heindl SE. Childhood Obesity as a Predictor of Coronary Artery Disease in Adults: A Literature Review. Cureus 2020; 12:e11473. [PMID: 33329969 PMCID: PMC7734699 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.11473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity in children is becoming a worldwide epidemic that requires immediate attention. Despite all the efforts directed towards controlling this issue, its prevalence is increasing overtime both in developed and developing countries. With an increasing prevalence in the younger age groups, it is emerging as a public health crisis. A rise in body mass index (BMI) results in an increased risk of developing a variety of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery disease (CAD). The early onset of the disease affects the peak productivity years in young individuals leading to disability at a later age. It makes it essential that we understand the contributory factors towards the development of obesity as a risk factor for CAD and develop strategies that hinder the progression towards adverse outcomes. There is an urgent need to screen these children at a younger age and educate them to change their lifestyle to decrease the BMI within the normal range to promote cardiovascular health. It requires a multidisciplinary approach involving dietary, physical, and behavioral-centered strategies. Failure to control this epidemic timely may cause widespread consequences for the quality of life and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Bashir
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Shriya Doreswamy
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Otorhinolaryngology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, IND
| | - Lakshmi Rekha Narra
- Anesthesiology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Pinal Patel
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Jesus E Guarecuco
- Neuroscience and Psychology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Simmy Lahori
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Stacey E Heindl
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA.,Medicine, Avalon University School of Medicine, Willemstad, CUW
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