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Raczkowska E, Bienkiewicz M, Gajda R, Bronkowska M, Piotrowska E, Habánová M. Do Body Composition and Values of Selected Nutritional Status Indices Influence the Glycaemic Index Values of Vegetarian Dishes? A Pilot Study in a Group of Older Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9918. [PMID: 36011551 PMCID: PMC9408484 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An ageing population brings with it the need for public policy to respond to the demands and health needs of this group of people. The ageing process has been shown to be associated with changes in body composition. These mainly concern a decrease in muscle mass and an increase in body fat. Body composition and other indicators of nutritional status are important factors differentiating carbohydrate management. Glycaemic index (GI) values may be affected by differences resulting from individual metabolism. The rate of carbohydrate digestion is also influenced by a number of factors, including the degree to which the product is processed, the structure of the starch, and the presence of protein, fat and dietary fibre. Available studies do not provide information on the glycaemic response following the consumption of specific products by older people with varying BMI and body composition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the body mass index (BMI) values of women aged 50-80 years on the glycaemic response after eating vegetarian meals and the influence of selected indices of nutritional status on their GI values. It has been shown that the areas under the glycaemic curves after the consumption of the tested foods, both traditional and modified, are higher in the group of overweight and obese women. Nevertheless, the GI of meals consumed by those with a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 is lower than that of foods consumed by women with normal values of this index. In the group of women with BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2, on the basis of an analysis of the obtained correlations, it was observed that the GI value of modified products depends on the percentage of body fat (FM%) (p = 0.0363) and the percentage of fat free mass (FFM%) (p = 0.0363), and, in the case of traditional products, also on the percentage of total body water (%) (p = 0.0133). In the group of women with a BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2, significant correlations were only found between the GI of modified foods and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (p = 0.0363) and the ratio of waist circumference to height (WHtR) (p = 0.0369) indices. The GI values of food set solely with the participation of young, healthy people should not be the basis for the nutrition planning of all groups of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Raczkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Bienkiewicz
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Gajda
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Monika Bronkowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of Opole, Katowicka 68, 45-060 Opole, Poland
| | - Ewa Piotrowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Habánová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia
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2
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Herpich C, Kochlik B, Weber D, Ott C, Grune T, Norman K, Raupbach J. Fasting concentrations and postprandial response of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds 3-deoxyglucosone, glyoxal and methylglyoxal are not increased in healthy older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 77:934-940. [PMID: 34726231 PMCID: PMC9071428 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicarbonyl stress describes the increased formation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds and is associated with age-related pathologies. The role of dicarbonyl stress in healthy aging is poorly understood. In a preliminary study, we analyzed 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, namely 3-deoxyglucosone (3-DG), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO) in plasma of older (25 months, n = 11) and younger (5 months, n = 14) male C57BL/6J (B6) mice via ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Postprandial 3-DG was higher in younger compared to older mice, whereas no differences were found for GO and MGO. Subsequently, in the main study, we analyzed fasting serum of older women (OW, 72.4 ± 6.14 years, n = 19) and younger women (YW, 27.0 ± 4.42 years, n = 19) as well as older men (OM, 74.3 ± 5.20 years, n = 15) and younger men (YM, 27.0 ± 3.34, n = 15). Serum glucose, insulin, 1,2-dicarbonyl concentrations, and markers of oxidative stress were quantified. In a subgroup of this cohort, an oral dextrose challenge was performed, and postprandial response of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds, glucose, and insulin were measured. In women, there were no age differences regarding fasting 1,2-dicarbonyl concentrations nor the response after the oral dextrose challenge. In men, fasting MGO was significantly higher in OM compared to YM (median: 231 vs 158 nM, p = .006), whereas no age differences in fasting 3-DG and GO concentrations were found. Glucose (310 ± 71.8 vs 70.8 ± 11.9 min·mmol/L) and insulin (7 149 ± 1 249 vs 2 827 ± 493 min·µIU/mL) response were higher in OM compared to YM, which did not translate into a higher 1,2-dicarbonyl response in older individuals. Overall, aging does not necessarily result in dicarbonyl stress, indicating that strategies to cope with 1,2-dicarbonyl formation can remain intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catrin Herpich
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam - Rehbrücke, Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, Nuthetal, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Bastian Kochlik
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam - Rehbrücke, Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Daniela Weber
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam - Rehbrücke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Christiane Ott
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam - Rehbrücke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilman Grune
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam - Rehbrücke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Muenchen-Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristina Norman
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam - Rehbrücke, Department of Nutrition and Gerontology, Nuthetal, Germany.,University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, Nuthetal, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Raupbach
- German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam - Rehbrücke, Department of Molecular Toxicology, Nuthetal, Germany
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Marmentini C, Soares GM, Bronczek GA, Piovan S, Mareze-Costa CE, Carneiro EM, Boschero AC, Kurauti MA. Aging Reduces Insulin Clearance in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:679492. [PMID: 34054736 PMCID: PMC8150109 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.679492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia is frequently associated with aging and may cause insulin resistance in elderly. Since insulin secretion and clearance decline with age, hyperinsulinemia seems to be maintained, primarily, due to a decrease in the insulin clearance. To investigate these aging effects, 3- and 18-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to intraperitoneal glucose and insulin tolerance tests (ipGTT and ipITT) and, during the ipGTT, plasma c-peptide and insulin were measure to evaluate in vivo insulin clearance. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets was also assessed, and liver samples were collected for molecular analyses (western blot). Although insulin sensitivity was not altered in the old mice, glucose tolerance, paradoxically, seems to be increased, accompanied by higher plasma insulin, during ipGTT. While insulin secretion did not increase, insulin clearance was reduced in the old mice, as suggested by the lower c-peptide:insulin ratio, observed during ipGTT. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM1) and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), as well as the activity of this enzyme, were reduced in the liver of old mice, justifying the decreased insulin clearance observed in these mice. Therefore, loss of hepatic CEACAM1 and IDE function may be directly related to the decline in insulin clearance during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Marmentini
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela M. Soares
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gabriela A. Bronczek
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Silvano Piovan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringa (UEM), Maringa, Brazil
| | - Cecília E. Mareze-Costa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringa (UEM), Maringa, Brazil
| | - Everardo M. Carneiro
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Antonio C. Boschero
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mirian A. Kurauti
- Laboratory of Endocrine Pancreas and Metabolism, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringa (UEM), Maringa, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Mirian A. Kurauti, ;
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Status of oxidative stress markers, advanced glycation index, and polyol pathway in age-related cataract subjects with and without diabetes. Exp Eye Res 2020; 200:108230. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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5
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Rocha DMUP, Ribeiro PVDM, Caldas APS, da Silva BP, da Silva A, de Almeida AP, da Silva NBM, Machado AM, Alfenas RDCG. Acute consumption of yacon shake did not affect glycemic response in euglycemic, normal weight, healthy adults. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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MURAKATA YOSHIKO, FUJIMAKI TETSUO, YAMADA YOSHIJI. Age-related changes in clinical parameters and their associations with common complex diseases. Biomed Rep 2015; 3:767-777. [PMID: 26623014 PMCID: PMC4660591 DOI: 10.3892/br.2015.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to clarify the age-related changes in 13 clinical parameters and their associations with common complex diseases. Study subjects comprised 6,027 community-dwelling individuals who were recruited to a population-based longitudinal genetic epidemiological study. Bonferroni's correction was applied to compensate for multiple comparisons of association and P<0.0011 was considered statistically significant. Body mass index and waist circumference increased with age up to ~50 years and decreased thereafter in men, whereas the two parameters increased linearly with age in women. The prevalence of obesity was highest (41.1%) in men aged 40-49 years, after which it decreased with age. The prevalence of obesity in women increased with age to ≤32.2% in those aged ≥70 years. Systolic and mean blood pressure (BP), as well as pulse pressure, increased linearly with age in all subjects, whereas diastolic BP increased with age up to ~60 years and subsequently decreased. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age to ≤69.9 or 68.5% at age ≥70 years in men and women, respectively. The fasting plasma glucose level, blood hemoglobin A1c content and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus increased gradually with age in men and women. The serum triglyceride concentration increased with age up to ~50 years and decreased thereafter in men, whereas it increased linearly with age in women. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia increased to a peak of 56.8% at age 50-59 years and subsequently decreased in men, whereas in women it increased with age to ≤34.9% at ≥70 years. The serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol concentration increased with age up to ~50 years and decreased thereafter in women. The prevalence of hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia increased gradually with age in women. The serum concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol increased with age up to ~50 years and subsequently declined in men, whereas it increased linearly with age in women. The prevalence of hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia increased with age to ≤53.4% at 50-59 years in men and ≤63.9% at 60-69 years in women and it decreased thereafter in the two genders. The serum creatinine concentration and the estimated glomerular filtration rate increased or decreased linearly with age, respectively. The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) increased with age to ≤45.1 or 39.6% at ≥70 years in men and women, respectively. Therefore, these results indicate that 13 clinical parameters, as well as the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and CKD, were significantly associated with age. They may therefore prove informative for the prevention of these diseases and contribute to the achievement of a healthy long life and successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- YOSHIKO MURAKATA
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, Institute of Basic Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - TETSUO FUJIMAKI
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Inabe General Hospital, Inabe, Mie 511-0428, Japan
| | - YOSHIJI YAMADA
- Department of Human Functional Genomics, Life Science Research Center, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, Institute of Basic Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0076, Japan
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7
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Abstract
A life course approach in epidemiology investigates the biological, behavioral and social pathways that link physical and social exposures and experiences during gestation, childhood, adolescence and adult life, and across generations, to later-life health and disease risk. We illustrate how a life course approach has been applied to cardiovascular disease, highlighting the evidence in support of the early origins of disease risk. We summarize how trajectories of cardiometabolic risk factors change over the life course and suggest that understanding underlying 'normal' or 'healthy' trajectories and the characteristics that drive deviations from such trajectories offer the potential for early prevention and for identifying means of preventing future disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK
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8
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Jiang FX, Mishina Y, Baten A, Morahan G, Harrison LC. Transcriptome of pancreas-specific Bmpr1a-deleted islets links to TPH1-5-HT axis. Biol Open 2015; 4:1016-23. [PMID: 26187948 PMCID: PMC4542282 DOI: 10.1242/bio.011858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is crucial for the development and function of numerous organs, but its role on the function of pancreatic islets is not completely clear. To explore this question, we applied the high throughput transcriptomic analyses on the islets isolated from mice with a pancreas-specific deletion of the gene, Bmpr1a, encoding the type 1a BMP receptor. Consistently, these pBmpr1aKO mice had impaired glucose homeostasis at 3 months, and were more severely affected at 12 months of age. These had lower fasting blood insulin concentrations, with reduced expression of several key regulators of β-cell function. Importantly, transcriptomic profiling of 3-month pBmpr1aKO islets and bioinformatic analyses revealed abnormal expression of 203 metabolic genes. Critically among these, the tryptophan hydroxylase 1 gene (Tph1), encoding the rate-limiting enzyme for the production of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was the highest over-expressed one. 5-HT is an important regulator of insulin secretion from β cells. Treatment with excess 5-HT inhibited this secretion. Thus our transcriptomic analysis links two highly conserved molecular pathways the BMP signaling and the TPH1–5-HT axis on glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Xu Jiang
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Akma Baten
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Grant Morahan
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Leonard C Harrison
- The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3050, Australia
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Sasson IE, Vitins AP, Mainigi MA, Moley KH, Simmons RA. Pre-gestational vs gestational exposure to maternal obesity differentially programs the offspring in mice. Diabetologia 2015; 58:615-24. [PMID: 25608625 PMCID: PMC4452998 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of obesity and impaired glucose homeostasis in offspring. However, it is not known whether a gestational or pre-gestational exposure confers similar risks, and if so, what the underlying mechanisms are. METHODS We used reciprocal two-cell embryo transfers between mice fed either a control or high-fat diet (HFD) starting at the time of weaning. Gene expression in placenta was assessed by microarray analyses. RESULTS A pre-gestational exposure to a maternal HFD (HFD/control) impaired fetal and placental growth despite a normal gestational milieu. Expression of imprinted genes and genes regulating vasculogenesis and lipid metabolism was markedly altered in placenta of HFD/control. An exposure to an HFD (control/HFD) only during gestation also resulted in fetal growth restriction and decreased placental weight. Interestingly, only a gestational exposure to an HFD (control/HFD) resulted in obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION An HFD during pregnancy has profound consequences for the offspring later in life. Our data demonstrate that the mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not related to placental dysfunction, intrauterine growth restriction or postnatal weight gain, but rather an inability of the progeny to adapt to the abnormal gestational milieu of an HFD. Thus, the ability to adapt to an adverse intrauterine environment is conferred prior to pregnancy and it is possible that the effects of a maternal HFD may be transmitted to subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac E. Sasson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexa P. Vitins
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Biomedical Research Building II/III 1308, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Monica A. Mainigi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelle H. Moley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Simmons
- Center for Research on Reproduction and Women’s Health, Biomedical Research Building II/III 1308, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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10
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The effect of breakfast type and frequency of consumption on glycemic response in overweight/obese late adolescent girls. Eur J Clin Nutr 2015; 69:885-90. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2015.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Kanikowska D, Sato M, Iwase S, Shimizu Y, Nishimura N, Inukai Y, Sugenoya J. Effects of living at two ambient temperatures on 24-h blood pressure and neuroendocrine function among obese and non-obese humans: a pilot study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2013; 57:475-81. [PMID: 22820727 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-012-0574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The effects of environmental temperature on blood pressure and hormones in obese subjects in Japan were compared in two seasons: summer vs winter. Five obese (BMI, 32 ± 5 kg/m(2)) and five non-obese (BMI, 23 ±3 kg/m(2)) men participated in this experiment at latitude 35°10' N and longitude 136°57.9' E. The average environmental temperature was 29 ± 1 °C in summer and 3 ± 1 °C in winter. Blood samples were analyzed for leptin, ghrelin, catecholamines, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), free triiodothyronine (fT3), total cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and glucose. Blood pressure was measured over the course of 24 h in summer and winter. A Japanese version of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire was also administered each season. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures in obese men were significantly higher in winter (lower environmental temperatures) than in summer (higher environmental temperatures). Noradrenaline and dopamine concentrations were also significantly higher at lower environmental temperatures in obese subjects, but ghrelin, TSH, fT3, fT4, insulin and glucose were not significantly different in summer and winter between obese and non-obese subjects. Leptin, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were significantly higher in winter in obese than non-obese men. Results from the POMS questionnaire showed a significant rise in Confusion at lower environmental temperatures (winter) in obese subjects. In this pilot study, increased blood pressure may have been due to increased secretion of noradrenaline in obese men in winter, and the results suggest that blood pressure control in obese men is particularly important in winter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Kanikowska
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan.
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12
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Jensen AC, Barker A, Kumari M, Brunner EJ, Kivimäki M, Hingorani AD, Wareham NJ, Tabák AG, Witte DR, Langenberg C. Associations of common genetic variants with age-related changes in fasting and postload glucose: evidence from 18 years of follow-up of the Whitehall II cohort. Diabetes 2011; 60:1617-23. [PMID: 21441441 PMCID: PMC3292338 DOI: 10.2337/db10-1393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the general, nondiabetic population, fasting glucose increases only slightly over time, whereas 2-h postload glucose shows a much steeper age-related rise. The reasons underlying these different age trajectories are unknown. We investigated whether common genetic variants associated with fasting and 2-h glucose contribute to age-related changes of these traits. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 5,196 nondiabetic participants of the Whitehall II cohort (aged 40-78 years) attending up to four 5-yearly oral glucose tolerance tests. A genetic score was calculated separately for fasting and 2-h glucose, including 16 and 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively. Longitudinal modeling with age centered at 55 years was used to study the effects of each genotype and genetic score on fasting and 2-h glucose and their interactions with age, adjusting for sex and time-varying BMI. RESULTS The fasting glucose genetic score was significantly associated with fasting glucose with a 0.029 mmol/L (95% CI 0.023-0.034) difference (P = 2.76 × 10(-21)) per genetic score point, an association that remained constant over time (age interaction P = 0.17). Two-hour glucose levels differed by 0.076 mmol/L (0.047-0.105) per genetic score point (P = 3.1 × 10(-7)); notably, this effect became stronger with increasing age by 0.006 mmol/L (0.003-0.009) per genetic score point per year (age interaction P = 3.0 × 10(-5)), resulting in diverging age trajectories by genetic score. CONCLUSIONS Common genetic variants contribute to the age-related rise of 2-h glucose levels, whereas associations of variants for fasting glucose are constant over time, in line with stable age trajectories of fasting glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Barker
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Eric J. Brunner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Aroon D. Hingorani
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Adam G. Tabák
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, U.K
- Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Corresponding authors: Claudia Langenberg, ; Daniel R. Witte, ; or Adam G. Tabák,
| | - Daniel R. Witte
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
- Corresponding authors: Claudia Langenberg, ; Daniel R. Witte, ; or Adam G. Tabák,
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
- Corresponding authors: Claudia Langenberg, ; Daniel R. Witte, ; or Adam G. Tabák,
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13
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Is an appropriate cutoff of hypertriglyceridemic waist designated for type 2 diabetes among Chinese adults? Clin Nutr 2010; 29:192-8. [PMID: 20153095 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Revised: 05/13/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS We aimed to estimate appropriate cutoff of hypertriglyceridemic waist (HTGW) designated for impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/diabetes mellitus (DM) and to evaluate the association between HTGW and fasting glucose, IFG and DM, respectively. METHODS A cross-sectional survey in a nationally representative sample of 15,540 Chinese adults aged 35-74 years was conducted during 2000-2001. RESULTS Appropriate cutoffs of HTGW designated both for IFG and DM was triglyceride> or =110mg/dl and waist circumference> or =75cm both among men and women. Overall 35.4% of men as well as 33.6% of women had HTGW. Moreover 30.8%, 7.2% of men with HTGW as well as 30.0%, 9.7% of women had IFG and DM, respectively. Furthermore multivariate models revealed that adjusted odds ratios of IFG and DM were 2.7 (1.7, 2.5) and 2.6 (1.8, 3.8) for men with HTGW as well as 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) and 3.6 (2.5, 5.1) for women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS As the phenotype of visceral obesity HTGW was more common among Chinese adults. Global lifestyle modification should be targeted at adults with HTGW to prevent the premature incidence of DM and reduce the burden in future in China.
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Hoffler U, Hobbie K, Wilson R, Bai R, Rahman A, Malarkey D, Travlos G, Ghanayem BI. Diet-induced obesity is associated with hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, hepatic steatosis, and glomerulopathy in C57Bl/6J mice. Endocrine 2009; 36:311-25. [PMID: 19669948 PMCID: PMC4219357 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-009-9224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Revised: 04/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and obesity-related illnesses are global epidemics impacting the health of adults and children. The purpose of the present work is to evaluate a genetically intact obese mouse model that more accurately reflects the impact of aging on diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes in humans. Male C57Bl/6J mice consumed either a control diet or one in which 60% kcal were due to lard beginning at 5-6 weeks of age. Body weight and fat measurements were obtained and necropsy performed at 15, 20, 30, and 40 weeks of age. Serum chemistry, histopathology, gene expression of the liver, and renal and hepatic function were also evaluated. In concert with significant increases in percent body fat and weight, mice fed the high-fat versus control diet had significantly increased levels of serum cholesterol. At ages 20 and 30 weeks, serum glucose was significantly higher in obese versus controls, while serum insulin levels were >/=4-fold higher in obese mice at ages 30 and 40 weeks. The effect of age exacerbated the effects of consuming a high-fat diet. In addition to being hyperinsulinemic and leptin resistant, older obese mice exhibited elevated hepatic PAI-1 and downregulation of GLUT4, G6PC, IGFBP-1, and leptin receptor mRNA in the liver, steatosis with subsequent inflammation, glomerular mesangial proliferation, elevated serum ALT, AST, and BUN, and increased numbers of pancreatic islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undi Hoffler
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, RTP, NC
- To whom correspondence should be addressed Undi Hoffler Laboratory of Pharmacology National Institutes of Health National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences RTP, NC 27709 (919) 541-0427
| | | | - Ralph Wilson
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, RTP, NC
| | - Re Bai
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, RTP, NC
| | - Akef Rahman
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, RTP, NC
| | - David Malarkey
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, RTP, NC
| | - Greg Travlos
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology Branch, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, RTP, NC
| | - Burhan I Ghanayem
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, RTP, NC
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Haupt DW, Fahnestock PA, Flavin KA, Schweiger JA, Stevens A, Hessler MJ, Maeda J, Yingling M, Newcomer JW. Adiposity and insulin sensitivity derived from intravenous glucose tolerance tests in antipsychotic-treated patients. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32:2561-9. [PMID: 17375138 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is more common in schizophrenia patients than in the general population, with a hypothesized contribution from increases in adiposity produced by antipsychotic medications. We sought to test the relationship between adiposity and insulin resistance using frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance tests (FSIVGTTs) to quantify whole-body insulin sensitivity in chronically treated patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and untreated healthy controls. FSIVGTTs, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference were obtained in nondiabetic patients (n=63) receiving olanzapine, risperidone, ziprasidone, or first generation antipsychotics, as well as in healthy controls (n=14). Subject groups (including untreated healthy controls) were matched for BMI and all treated patient groups were additionally matched for age. Bergman's minimal model (MinMod) was used to calculate insulin sensitivity (S(I)), as well as secondary measures of interest. BMI and waist circumference significantly predicted insulin sensitivity measured as MinMod S(I) (F(1,62)=35.11, p<0.0001 and F(1,46)=24.48, p<0.0001, respectively). In addition, BMI and waist circumference significantly predicted the acute plasma insulin response to the glucose challenge (AIR(G)), consistent with a beta cell compensatory response to insulin resistance (MinMod AIR(G) F(1,65)=22.42, p<0.0001 and F(1,49)=11.72, p=0.0013, respectively). Adiposity levels occurring during antipsychotic treatment are strongly related to insulin resistance, confirming that antipsychotic-induced weight gain can contribute to increased cardiometabolic risk in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan W Haupt
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Abstract
Coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes are chronic diseases of substantial and growing prevalence. Their coincidence is common, markedly enhancing mortality and morbidity. The risk for cardiovascular disease increases along a spectrum of blood glucose concentrations already apparent at levels regarded as normal. Accordingly, strategies for the early detection of glucometabolic disturbances are needed to find ways to prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular complications or to treat them already at an early stage. More specifically, abnormal glucose tolerance is almost twice as common amongst patients with a myocardial infarction as in population-based controls and a normal glucose regulation is indeed less common than abnormal glucose metabolism also amongst patients with stable coronary artery disease. Already an abnormal glucose tolerance is a strong risk factor for future cardiovascular events after an acute myocardial infarction. An oral glucose tolerance test should, therefore, be a part of the evaluation of total risk in all patients with coronary artery disease. As glucose disturbances are common and easy to detect, they may be suitable targets for novel secondary preventive efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bartnik
- Department of Medicine, Kärnsjukhuset, Skövde, Sweden
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Rhee MK, Ziemer DC, Kolm P, Phillips LS. Postchallenge glucose rises with increasing age even when glucose tolerance is normal. Diabet Med 2006; 23:1174-9. [PMID: 17054591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01956.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Ageing increases the likelihood of developing diabetes, with associated cardiovascular disease. In a cross-sectional study, we sought to determine whether age is associated with an increase in glucose concentrations 1 h after an oral glucose challenge (1-h OGTT), even when glucose tolerance is normal (NGT). METHODS Among subjects in the NHANES II database, 2591 subjects with NGT and documented 1-h OGTT glucose concentrations were studied. The relationship between age and 1-h OGTT glucose concentrations was assessed in a multivariable linear regression analysis. RESULTS In a multivariable linear regression analysis, each 10-year increase in age conferred an additional 0.20 mmol/l increase in the 1-h OGTT glucose (P < 0.0001). Moreover, an interaction between age and gender was found such that 1-h OGTT glucose concentrations rose more rapidly with increasing age in men than in women. The impact of age on 1-h OGTT glucose was independent of both fasting and 2-h OGTT glucose concentrations. CONCLUSIONS One-hour OGTT glucose concentrations rise significantly with age even in subjects with NGT. Further investigation is warranted to explore the pathophysiological significance of such age-related impairment of glucose handling, which might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease even when patients do not meet criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes or prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Rhee
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Abstract
New-onset diabetes mellitus in a previously non-diabetic transplant recipient is a serious adverse event that confers significant morbidity and mortality. The most significant consequences of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) in solid organ transplant recipients include decreased patient and graft survival, an increased risk of infectious complications, and morbid cardiovascular events. The development of PTDM in the elderly is of particular concern because this group is already at increased risk of progression of cardiovascular disease. Because the elderly, especially those aged >65 years, are the fastest-growing segment of the renal transplant population, attention needs to be given to PTDM risk reduction and post-transplant management. PTDM develops as a consequence of both impaired insulin production and enhanced peripheral insulin resistance. A number of non-modifiable factors such as age, race, family history, hepatitis C, polycystic kidney disease and emerging genetic causes have been identified as risk factors for PTDM. However, a number of modifiable factors can be targets for intervention in high-risk patients, including bodyweight (through dietary restriction and exercise), hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and the effects of certain immunosuppressive agents. The two agents most responsible for PTDM are tacrolimus and corticosteroids, especially when used in combination. Attempts to modify doses and regimens designed to eliminate or avoid these drugs should be considered. Use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ('statins') and ACE inhibitors is particularly helpful in controlling hypertension and hyperlipidaemia in the elderly because these agents confer protection against future adverse cardiovascular events. Bisphosphonates are also advantageous in controlling the progression of osteoporosis and possible increased risk of bone fractures. Future trials in the elderly should focus on such endpoints as PTDM, post-transplant neoplasia, cardiovascular events and bone fracture events in order to identify the safest regimens that provide the optimal control of rejection while limiting the morbidity from these secondary events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Duclos
- Transplant Center/Glickman Urological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Motta M, Bennati E, Ferlito L, Malaguarnera M. Diabetes mellitus in the elderly: Diagnostic features. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2006; 42:101-6. [PMID: 16038991 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2005.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2005] [Revised: 05/03/2005] [Accepted: 05/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The new diagnostic criteria of the diabetes do not consider the age of the subjects. It has been demonstrated that the fasting glucose values as well as the glycemia levels after oral glucose load increase with age. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate whether the new diagnostic criteria are valid for the elderly subjects also. In spite of the findings that among the subjects with fasting glycemia of 126-140 mg/ml subsequent controls after long times often revealed the presence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and numerous cases with IFG displayed values <110 mg/dl after longer times, the present authors accept the new diagnostic criteria even for the elderly subjects. However, they emphasize the importance of distinguishing diabetes in the elderly in subclasses, such as clinically manifest diabetes, mild diabetes and diabetic glucose tolerance (DGT) type, in order to establish the early diagnosis of diabetes, and therefore, to prevent the chronic vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Motta
- Department of Senescence, Urological and Neurological Sciences, University of Catania, Cannizzaro Hospital, Via Messina 829, I-95126 Catania, Italy.
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Pei D, Hsiao CF, Hung YJ, Hsieh CH, Fang SC, Lian WC, Hsu WL, Fu CC, Chen HD, Kuo SW. The insulin sensitivity, glucose sensitivity, and acute insulin response to glucose load in adolescent type 2 diabetes in Taiwanese. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2006; 22:26-33. [PMID: 15880384 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin sensitivity (SI), glucose sensitivity (SG), acute insulin response to glucose load (AIR), and obesity in adolescent type 2 diabetes patients (young diabetes, YDM) in Taiwan were studied. METHODS Forty patients diagnosed at <22 years of age were enrolled and divided into non-obese (NOYDM, BMI < 27 kg/m(2)) and obese groups (OBYDM BMI > 27 kg/m(2)). Adult-onset type 2 diabetes patients (ADM) >40 years old (n = 41) and nondiabetic young adults (N) (n = 23) served as controls. Fasting plasma lipids, insulin, and glucose were measured. Homeostasis model assessment was calculated to estimate insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function. A frequent-sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed to evaluate SI, SG, and AIR. RESULTS SI and AIR were significantly lower in YDM and ADM than in N (0.92 +/- 0.13, 0.8 +/- 0.15 and 3.24 +/- 0.47 x 10(-4)/U/mL for SI; 40.3 +/- 20.3, 107.3 +/- 50.2, 1208 +/- 306.3 uU/min for AIR). SG of YDM and ADM were lower compared with N (0.014 +/- 0.00138, 0.0292 +/- 0.0058 vs 0.034 +/- 0.0086 min(-1) respectively). No difference was noted between YDM and ADM. SI and SG were not different in NOYDM and OBYDM. AIR was higher in OBYDM (83.6 +/- 34.3 vs -7.6 +/- 13.66 uU/min). CONCLUSIONS YDM had defects in SI, SG, and AIR compared to N, which was similar to the pathophysiology of ADM. The results imply that YDM may be either a different subtype of diabetes or the same type of diabetes as ADM, with severe defects associated with earlier age of onset. OBYDM had higher AIR than NOYDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dee Pei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC
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