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Gupta MK, Gouda G, Vadde R. Relation Between Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Evolutionary Insights, Perspectives and Controversies. Curr Obes Rep 2024:10.1007/s13679-024-00572-1. [PMID: 38850502 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Since the mid-twentieth century, obesity and its related comorbidities, notably insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), have surged. Nevertheless, their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Evolutionary medicine (EM) sheds light on these issues by examining how evolutionary processes shape traits and diseases, offering insights for medical practice. This review summarizes the pathogenesis and genetics of obesity-related IR and T2D. Subsequently, delving into their evolutionary connections. Addressing limitations and proposing future research directions aims to enhance our understanding of these conditions, paving the way for improved treatments and prevention strategies. RECENT FINDINGS Several evolutionary hypotheses have been proposed to unmask the origin of obesity-related IR and T2D, e.g., the "thrifty genotype" hypothesis suggests that certain "thrifty genes" that helped hunter-gatherer populations efficiently store energy as fat during feast-famine cycles are now maladaptive in our modern obesogenic environment. The "drifty genotype" theory suggests that if thrifty genes were advantageous, they would have spread widely, but proposes genetic drift instead. The "behavioral switch" and "carnivore connection" hypotheses propose insulin resistance as an adaptation for a brain-dependent, low-carbohydrate lifestyle. The thrifty phenotype theory suggests various metabolic outcomes shaped by genes and environment during development. However, the majority of these hypotheses lack experimental validation. Understanding why ancestral advantages now predispose us to diseases may aid in drug development and prevention of disease. EM helps us to understand the evolutionary relation between obesity-related IR and T2D. But still gaps and contradictions persist. Further interdisciplinary research is required to elucidate complete mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Gayatri Gouda
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753 006, Odisha, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vadde
- Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, 516005, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Huo J, Molkentin JD. MCU genetically altered mice suggest how mitochondrial Ca 2+ regulates metabolism. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00088-2. [PMID: 38688781 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a major impact on total body metabolism and obesity, and is characterized by dynamic regulation of substrate utilization. While it is accepted that acute increases in mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ increase carbohydrate usage to augment ATP production, recent studies in mice with deleted genes for components of the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex have suggested a more complicated regulatory scenario. Indeed, mice with a deleted Mcu gene in muscle, which lack acute mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, have greater fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and less adiposity. By contrast, mice deleted for the inhibitory Mcub gene in skeletal muscle, which have greater acute mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, antithetically display reduced FAO and progressive obesity. In this review we discuss the emerging concept that dynamic fluxing of mitochondrial matrix Ca2+ regulates metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuzhou Huo
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jeffery D Molkentin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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3
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Mthembu SXH, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Ziqubu K, Muvhulawa N, Marcheggiani F, Cirilli I, Nkambule BB, Muller CJF, Basson AK, Tiano L, Dludla PV. Potential regulatory role of PGC-1α within the skeletal muscle during metabolic adaptations in response to high-fat diet feeding in animal models. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:283-293. [PMID: 38044359 PMCID: PMC10847180 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) feeding in rodents has become an essential tool to critically analyze and study the pathological effects of obesity, including mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) regulates cellular energy metabolism to influence insulin sensitivity, beyond its active role in stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis to facilitate skeletal muscle adaptations in response to HFD feeding. Here, some of the major electronic databases like PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were accessed to update and critically discuss information on the potential role of PGC-1α during metabolic adaptations within the skeletal muscle in response to HFD feeding in rodents. In fact, available evidence suggests that partial exposure to HFD feeding (potentially during the early stages of disease development) is associated with impaired metabolic adaptations within the skeletal muscle, including mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced insulin sensitivity. In terms of implicated molecular mechanisms, these negative effects are partially associated with reduced activity of PGC-1α, together with the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and altered expression of genes involving nuclear respiratory factor 1 and mitochondrial transcription factor A within the skeletal muscle. Notably, metabolic abnormalities observed with chronic exposure to HFD (likely during the late stages of disease development) may potentially occur independently of PGC-1α regulation within the muscle of rodents. Summarized evidence suggests the causal relationship between PGC-1α regulation and effective modulations of mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolic flexibility during the different stages of disease development. It further indicates that prominent interventions like caloric restriction and physical exercise may affect PGC-1α regulation during effective modulation of metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinenhlanhla X H Mthembu
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Sithandiwe E Mazibuko-Mbeje
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Khanyisani Ziqubu
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Ndivhuwo Muvhulawa
- Department of Biochemistry, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | - Fabio Marcheggiani
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Ilenia Cirilli
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Bongani B Nkambule
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Christo J F Muller
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Centre for Cardiometabolic Research Africa (CARMA), Division of Medical Physiology, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni, 3886, South Africa
| | - Albertus K Basson
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni, 3886, South Africa
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Phiwayinkosi V Dludla
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa.
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, Empangeni, 3886, South Africa.
- Cochrane South Africa, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, 7505, South Africa.
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Liu X, Janzen C, Zhu Y, Seamans M, Fei Z, Nianogo R, Chen L. Prevalence of maternal hyperglycemic subtypes by race/ethnicity and associations between these subtypes with adverse pregnancy outcomes: Findings from a large retrospective multi-ethnic cohort in the United States. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 209:111576. [PMID: 38360094 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AIMS With the two-step gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) screening approach, hyperglycemic subtypes can be identified. We aimed to investigate racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of hyperglycemic subtypes and to examine the associations between these subtypes and adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS In this retrospective cohort, 11,405 pregnancies were screened using the two-step approach. Hyperglycemic subtypes included: pregnancy-impaired glucose intolerance-I (PIGT-I), PIGT-II, GDM-I (abnormal post-load glucose only), and GDM-II (abnormal fasting & post-load glucose). Modified Poisson regressions with robust error variance were used to estimate age-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) of hyperglycemic subtypes and multivariable-adjusted risk ratios (RR) of adverse pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS The prevalence of hyperglycemic subtypes was higher in Asians (PIGT-I: 1.51 [95% confidence interval 1.35-1.69]; PIGT-II: 2.18 [1.78-2.68]; GDM-I: 2.55 [2.10-3.10]; GDM-II: 1.55 [1.08-2.21]) and Hispanics (PIGT-I: 1.32 [1.16-1.50]; PIGT-II: 2.07 [1.67-2.57]; GDM-I: 1.69 [1.35-2.13]; GDM-II: 2.68 [1.93-3.71]) than non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). Despite low GDM prevalence, Japanese and Koreans had higher PIGT prevalence than NHW. PIGT-II was positively associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (1.19 [1.02-1.38]), large-for-gestational age (1.73 [1.37-2.18]), and preterm birth (PB, 1.33 [1.05-1.68]). PIGT-I (1.23 [1.04-1.45]) and GDM-I (1.56 [0.87-1.71]) were positively related to PB. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of hyperglycemic subtypes varies by race/ethnicity and they have distinct health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, United States.
| | - Carla Janzen
- Obestetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, United States.
| | - Yeyi Zhu
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, United States.
| | - Marissa Seamans
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, United States.
| | - Zhe Fei
- Department of Statistics, UCR, United States.
| | - Roch Nianogo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, United States; California Center for Population Research, UCLA, United States.
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, UCLA, United States.
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Taheripak G, Sabeti N, Najar N, Razavi Z, Saharkhiz S, Alipourfard I. SIRT1 activation attenuates palmitate induced apoptosis in C 2C 12 muscle cells. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:354. [PMID: 38400872 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is characterized by insulin resistance, which manifests mainly in skeletal muscles. SIRT1 has been found to play a role in the insulin signaling pathway. However, the molecular underpinnings of SIRT1's function in palmitate fatty acid-induced apoptosis still need to be better understood. METHODS In this research, skeletal muscle cells are treated with palmitate to be insulin resistant. It is approached that SIRT1 is downregulated in C2C12 muscle cells during palmitate-induced apoptosis and that activating SIRT1 mitigates this effect. RESULTS Based on these findings, palmitate-induced apoptosis suppressed mitochondrial biogenesis by lowering PGC-1 expression, while SIRT1 overexpression boosted. The SIRT1 inhibitor sirtinol, on the other hand, decreased mitochondrial biogenesis under the same conditions. This research also shows that ROS levels rise in the conditions necessary for apoptosis induction by palmitate, and ROS inhibitors can mitigate this effect. This work demonstrated that lowering ROS levels by boosting SIRT1 expression inhibited apoptotic induction in skeletal muscle cells. CONCLUSION This study's findings suggested that SIRT1 can improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes by slowing the rate of lipo-apoptosis and boosting mitochondrial biogenesis, among other benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Taheripak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niusha Sabeti
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naba Najar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahrasadat Razavi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saber Saharkhiz
- Division of Neuroscience, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Iraj Alipourfard
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, 01-224, Poland.
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Sausa M, Fucarino A, Paladino L, Zummo FP, Fabbrizio A, Di Felice V, Rappa F, Barone R, Marino Gammazza A, Macaluso F. Probiotics as Potential Therapeutic Agents: Safeguarding Skeletal Muscle against Alcohol-Induced Damage through the Gut-Liver-Muscle Axis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:382. [PMID: 38397983 PMCID: PMC10886686 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have shown the potential to counteract the loss of muscle mass, reduce physical fatigue, and mitigate inflammatory response following intense exercise, although the mechanisms by which they work are not very clear. The objective of this review is to describe the main harmful effects of alcohol on skeletal muscle and to provide important strategies based on the use of probiotics. The excessive consumption of alcohol is a worldwide problem and has been shown to be crucial in the progression of alcoholic liver disease (ALD), for which, to date, the only therapy available is lifestyle modification, including cessation of drinking. In ALD, alcohol contributes significantly to the loss of skeletal muscle, and also to changes in the intestinal microbiota, which are the basis for a series of problems related to the onset of sarcopenia. Some of the main effects of alcohol on the skeletal muscle are described in this review, with particular emphasis on the "gut-liver-muscle axis", which seems to be the primary cause of a series of muscle dysfunctions related to the onset of ALD. The modulation of the intestinal microbiota through probiotics utilization has appeared to be crucial in mitigating the muscle damage induced by the high amounts of alcohol consumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sausa
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy; (M.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Alberto Fucarino
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy; (M.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Letizia Paladino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.P.); (F.P.Z.); (V.D.F.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.G.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Zummo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.P.); (F.P.Z.); (V.D.F.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Antonio Fabbrizio
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy; (M.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
| | - Valentina Di Felice
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.P.); (F.P.Z.); (V.D.F.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.P.); (F.P.Z.); (V.D.F.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Rosario Barone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.P.); (F.P.Z.); (V.D.F.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Antonella Marino Gammazza
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.P.); (F.P.Z.); (V.D.F.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.G.)
| | - Filippo Macaluso
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, eCampus University, 22060 Novedrate, Italy; (M.S.); (A.F.); (A.F.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (L.P.); (F.P.Z.); (V.D.F.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (A.M.G.)
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90139 Palermo, Italy
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Yuan J, Zhang J, Luo Q, Peng L. Effects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on sarcopenia: evidence from genetic methods. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2709. [PMID: 38302636 PMCID: PMC10834579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53112-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
With the aging of the population, sarcopenia has become more common. Studies have shown a broad association between liver disease and sarcopenia. However, this link remains unclear. Our study explored the link between NAFLD and sarcopenia and predicting the pathogenesis. To begin, we investigated the causal relationship and genetic correlation between them using MR and LDSC. Second, each GWAS was annotated by MAGMA. The annotated genes were analyzed for pleiotropy using the PLACO approach. Finally, functional analysis was conducted on the identified pleiotropic genes. We observed a significant genetic correlation between NAFLD and sarcopenia. Subsequently, we conducted gene-level pleiotropy analysis using PLACO and identified a total of 153 genes with pleiotropic effects. Functional analysis revealed enrichment of these genes in various tissues, including pancreas, liver, heart, blood, brain, and muscle, with involvement in cellular regulation, intracellular function, and antigen response. Moreover, our MR analysis provided evidence of a causal relationship between NAFLD and sarcopenia. Our study has discovered the genetic and causal relationships between NAFLD and sarcopenia, providing further insights into their pathophysiological mechanisms. The identification of pleiotropic genes also offers potential targets for future drug therapies aimed at controlling or treating NAFLD and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqin Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinglin Zhang
- Department of Occupational Diseases, Yibin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Lipeng Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Sichuan, China.
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Tranter JD, Kumar A, Nair VK, Sah R. Mechanosensing in Metabolism. Compr Physiol 2023; 14:5269-5290. [PMID: 38158369 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c230005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Electrical mechanosensing is a process mediated by specialized ion channels, gated directly or indirectly by mechanical forces, which allows cells to detect and subsequently respond to mechanical stimuli. The activation of mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels, intrinsically gated by mechanical forces, or mechanoresponsive (MR) ion channels, indirectly gated by mechanical forces, results in electrical signaling across lipid bilayers, such as the plasma membrane. While the functions of mechanically gated channels within a sensory context (e.g., proprioception and touch) are well described, there is emerging data demonstrating functions beyond touch and proprioception, including mechanoregulation of intracellular signaling and cellular/systemic metabolism. Both MR and MS ion channel signaling have been shown to contribute to the regulation of metabolic dysfunction, including obesity, insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, and inflammation. This review summarizes our current understanding of the contributions of several MS/MR ion channels in cell types implicated in metabolic dysfunction, namely, adipocytes, pancreatic β-cells, hepatocytes, and skeletal muscle cells, and discusses MS/MR ion channels as possible therapeutic targets. © 2024 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 14:5269-5290, 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Tranter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Vinayak K Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rajan Sah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- St. Louis VA Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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McNaughton BA, Burrows K, Choquette E, Poplin T, Kuplicki R, Paulus MP, Ironside M, Stewart JL. Impaired eating behaviors but intact metabolic hormone levels in individuals with major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 168:193-203. [PMID: 37918032 PMCID: PMC10842703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) contribute significantly to global health burdens. Identifying disease markers for these comorbid disorders can increase understanding of pathogenesis and improve screening and intervention strategies. This study examined the association of physical health factors with MDD and MDD + GAD, across sexes. METHODS Two samples of participants from the Tulsa-1000 study (exploratory cohort: N = 136; confirmatory cohort: N = 185) completed body composition measurements, eating behavior (Three Factor Eating Questionnaire [TFEQ], Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale [EDDS]), exercise questionnaires, and a blood draw. Metabolic hormone concentrations (leptin, insulin, and adiponectin) were analyzed from blood samples. Within each cohort, a two-way analysis of variance compared three groups (MDD, MDD + GAD, and healthy controls [HC]), sex, and their interaction on dependent variables. Hedges g was calculated to reflect effect size magnitude. RESULTS Medium-to-large group main effects across cohorts indicated that compared to HC: (1) MDD (g = 1.71/0.57) and MDD + GAD (g = 0.93/0.69) reported higher TFEQ Disinhibition scores; (2) MDD endorsed higher TFEQ Hunger scores (g = 0.66/0.48); and (3) MDD (g = 1.60/1.30) and MDD + GAD (g = 0.92/1.72) reported greater EDDS scores. Large sex main effects across cohorts indicated that females exhibited higher levels than males for percent body fat (g = 1.07/1.17), leptin (g = 1.27/1.12), and adiponectin (g=0.82/0.88). LIMITATIONS The power to detect group*sex interactions was limited due to a greater number of females (than males) in the study, and over half of clinical participants were taking medications. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with MDD and MDD + GAD demonstrate difficulties in regulating eating behaviors, potentially contributing to functional impairment and increased disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tate Poplin
- Laureate Institute of Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | | | - Martin P Paulus
- Laureate Institute of Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Maria Ironside
- Laureate Institute of Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Jennifer L Stewart
- Laureate Institute of Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA.
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10
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Ahmad K, Shaikh S, Lim JH, Ahmad SS, Chun HJ, Lee EJ, Choi I. Therapeutic application of natural compounds for skeletal muscle-associated metabolic disorders: A review on diabetes perspective. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115642. [PMID: 37812896 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) plays a vital role in energy and glucose metabolism by regulating insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, and blood glucose homeostasis. Impaired SM metabolism is strongly linked to several diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes (T2D). Insulin resistance in SM may result from the impaired activities of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase, insulin receptor substrate 1, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and AKT pathways. This review briefly discusses SM myogenesis and the critical roles that SM plays in insulin resistance and T2D. The pharmacological targets of T2D which are associated with SM metabolism, such as DPP4, PTB1B, SGLT, PPARγ, and GLP-1R, and their potential modulators/inhibitors, especially natural compounds, are discussed in detail. This review highlights the significance of SM in metabolic disorders and the therapeutic potential of natural compounds in targeting SM-associated T2D targets. It may provide novel insights for the future development of anti-diabetic drug therapies. We believe that scientists working on T2D therapies will benefit from this review by enhancing their knowledge and updating their understanding of the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Hee Jin Chun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea; Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, South Korea.
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Tong C, Halengbieke A, Ni X, Han Y, Tao L, Zheng D, Li Q, Yang X. Bidirectional relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and serum creatinine-to-body weight ratio as a proxy for skeletal muscle mass index. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:2061-2069. [PMID: 37642537 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Although an association between skeletal muscle mass index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has previously been demonstrated, the causal direction remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the directional association between NAFLD and the serum creatinine-to-body weight ratio (sCr/bw), a surrogate marker of the muscle mass index, using longitudinal data. METHODS We recruited 9662 participants in 2017 and performed follow-up over 4 years. We evaluated whether sCr/bw was related to NAFLD development (Analysis I) and whether NAFLD was associated with a low sCr/bw incidence (Analysis II) using logistic regression models. Furthermore, a random intercept cross-lagged panel model was applied to evaluate the bidirectional association between sCr/bw ratio and NAFLD (Analysis III). RESULTS Analysis I demonstrated an association between sCr/bw and incident NAFLD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.160, 95% confidence interval [CI]:0.107-0.232). Analysis II indicated a relationship between NAFLD and subsequent low sCr/bw ratio (OR = 1.524, 95% CI: 1.258-1.846). Analysis III indicated that the standard regression coefficient from sCr/bw to subsequent hepatic steatosis (HS) was -0.053 for βsCr/bw2017 → HS2019 and -0.060 for βsCr/bw2019 → HS2021 and the coefficient from HS to subsequent sCr/bw was -0.093 for βHS2017 → sCr/bw2019 and -0.112 for βHS2019 → sCr/bw2021 (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated mutual causality between sCr/bw and NAFLD. Considering that sCr/bw is a surrogate marker of muscle mass index, the findings emphasize that NAFLD and low muscle mass form a vicious cycle, which should be taken seriously in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tong
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Aheyeerke Halengbieke
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuetong Ni
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Han
- Science and Education Section, Beijing Physical Examination Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lixin Tao
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Deqiang Zheng
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Science and Education Section, Beijing Physical Examination Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Yang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China
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12
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Yoon J, Heo SJ, Lee JH, Kwon YJ, Lee JE. Comparison of METS-IR and HOMA-IR for predicting new-onset CKD in middle-aged and older adults. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2023; 15:230. [PMID: 37957738 PMCID: PMC10644442 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-023-01214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has emerged as a mounting public health issue worldwide; therefore, prompt identification and prevention are imperative in mitigating CKD-associated complications and mortality rate. We aimed to compare the predictive powers of the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the metabolic score for insulin resistance (METS-IR) for CKD incidence in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS This study used longitudinal prospective cohort data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. A total of 10,030 participants, aged 40-69 years, residing in the Ansung or Ansan regions of the Republic of Korea, were recruited between 2001 and 2002 through a two-stage cluster sampling method. We compared the predictive powers of METS-IR and HOMA-IR for CKD prevalence and incidence, respectively. CKD prevalence was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and the indices' predictive performance for CKD incidence were assessed using Harrell's concordance index and time-dependent ROC curve analysis. RESULTS A total of 9261 adults aged 40-69 years at baseline and 8243 adults without CKD were included in this study. The AUCs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of HOMA-IR and METS-IR for CKD prevalence at baseline were 0.577 (0.537-0.618) and 0.599 (0.560-0.637), respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.337). The Heagerty's integrated AUC for METS-IR in predicting CKD incidence was 0.772 (95% CI 0.750-0.799), which was significantly higher than that of HOMA-IR (0.767 [95% CI 0.742-0.791], p = 0.015). CONCLUSION METS-IR surpassed HOMA-IR in predicting CKD incidence and was as effective as HOMA-IR in predicting CKD prevalence. This implies that METS-IR could be a valuable indicator for early detection and prevention of CKD among Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Yoon
- Department of Family Medicine, Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73 Goryeodae-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02481, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jae Heo
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Systems Informatics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul, 01830, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Hanyang University Graduate School of Medicine, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kwon
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University of College of Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yongin, 16995, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Santos CAF, Amirato GR, Paixão V, Almeida EB, Do Amaral JB, Monteiro FR, Roseira T, Juliano Y, Novo NF, Rossi M, Alvares-Saraiva AM, Vieira RDP, Bachi ALL, Jacinto AF. Association among inflammaging, body composition, physical activity, and physical function tests in physically active women. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1206989. [PMID: 37534321 PMCID: PMC10390738 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1206989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammaging is a phenomenon that has been associated with the development and progression of sarcopenia and frailty syndrome. According to the literature, on the one side, the increase in body fat is associated with a systemic pro-inflammatory status, which consequently favors inflammaging, and on the other side, the regular practice of physical exercise can mitigate the development of this scenario. Therefore, here, we aimed to evaluate the association between inflammaging and physical factors, both body and functional, in a group of physically active older women. Methods Seventy older women (mean age 72.66 ± 6.17 years) participated in this observational cross-sectional and were separated into the eutrophic, overweight, and obese groups. It was assessed: by bioimpedance-body fat percentage (Fat%) and total (Fat kg), skeletal muscle mass (muscle), and free fat mass both in percentage (FFM%) and total (FFMkg); by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-the time of moderate-intensity physical activity per week; by physical tests-handgrip (HG), sit-up-stand-on-the-chair in 5 repetitions (Sit-up) and vertical squat jump test (SJ); in addition to the determination of serum cytokine concentration (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-8), and also body mass index (BMI) and calf circumference (Calf). Results Higher FFM% and lower body fat (both kg and %) were found in the eutrophic group than in the other groups. The eutrophic group also performed more weekly physical activity, jumped higher, and presented not only higher serum IL-6 concentration but also an increased ratio of IL-10/IL-6, IL-10/TNF-α, IL-10/IL-8 as compared to the values found in the overweight group. The obese group presented higher body fat (kg and %) and lower FFM% than the other groups and also higher serum IL-6 concentration than the overweight group. Interestingly, several significant negative and positive correlations between body composition, physical tests, and serum cytokine concentrations were found in the eutrophic and obese groups. Conclusion While the eutrophic older women group showed a remarkable regulation of the systemic inflammatory status with positive associations in the physical parameters assessed, the overweight and obese groups presented impairment regulations of the inflammaging, which could be related to less weekly physical activity and higher body fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Andre Freitas Santos
- Discipline of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gislene Rocha Amirato
- Mane Garrincha Sport Education Center, Sports Department of the Municipality of São Paulo (SEME), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitoria Paixão
- 4ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ewin Barbosa Almeida
- 4ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Bussador Do Amaral
- 4ENT Research Lab, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Rodrigues Monteiro
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tamaris Roseira
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Yara Juliano
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Neil Ferreira Novo
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rossi
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo de Paula Vieira
- Post-graduate Program in Human Movement and Rehabilitation and in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Evangélica de Goiás—Unievangelica, Anapolis, Brazil
| | - Andre Luis Lacerda Bachi
- Post-graduation Program in Health Sciences, Santo Amaro University (UNISA), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Ferrari Jacinto
- Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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14
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Son W, Brown K, Persinger A, Pryke A, Lin J, Powell Z, Wallace N, van der Merwe M, Puppa M. Effect of Omega-3 Rich High-Fat Diet on Markers of Tissue Lipid Metabolism in Glucocorticoid-Treated Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11492. [PMID: 37511252 PMCID: PMC10380392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are some of the most widely prescribed therapies for treating numerous inflammatory diseases and multiple cancer types. With chronic use, GCs' therapeutic benefits are concurrent with deleterious metabolic side effects, which worsen when combined with a high-fat diet (HFD). One characteristic of the common Western HFD is the presence of high omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a deficiency in omega-3 PUFAs. The aim of this experiment was to determine whether fat composition resulting from HFD affects glucocorticoid-induced alterations in lipid-handling by the liver and skeletal muscle. Male wild-type C57BL/6 mice were randomized into two groups: n-6 (45% fat 177.5 g lard) and n-3 (45% fat 177.5 g Menhaden oil). After 4 weeks on their diets, groups were divided to receive either daily injections of dexamethasone (3 mg/kg/day) or sterile PBS for 1 week while continuing diets. The n-3 HFD diet attenuated adipose and hepatic fatty accumulation and prevented GC-induced increases in liver lipid metabolism markers Cd36 and Fabp. N-3 HFD had little effect on markers of lipid metabolism in oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscle and was unable to attenuate GC-induced gene expression in the muscle. The present study's result demonstrated that the change of fat composition in HFD could beneficially alter the fatty acid accumulation and associated lipid metabolism markers in mice treated with dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Melissa Puppa
- College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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15
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Aleksandrowicz R, Strączkowski M. Link between insulin resistance and skeletal muscle extracellular matrix remodeling. Endocr Connect 2023; 12:e230023. [PMID: 36917038 PMCID: PMC10160556 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the main metabolic tissue responsible for glucose homeostasis in the body. It is surrounded by the extracellular matrix (ECM) consisting of three layers: epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. ECM plays an important role in the muscle, as it provides integrity and scaffolding cells. The observed disturbances in this structure are related to the abnormal remodeling of the ECM (through an increase in the concentration of its components). ECM rearrangement may impair insulin action by increasing the physical barrier to insulin transport and reducing insulin transport into muscle cells as well as by directly inhibiting insulin action through integrin signaling. Thus, improper ECM remodeling may contribute to the development of insulin resistance (IR) and related comorbidities. In turn, IR-associated conditions may further aggravate disturbances of ECM in skeletal muscle. This review describes the major components of the ECM that are necessary for its proper function. Particular attention was also paid to receptors (integrins) involved in the signaling of metabolic pathways. Finally, changes in ECM components in the context of clinical and animal studies are discussed. This article will help the reader to systematize knowledge related to the ECM and to better understand the relationship between ECM remodeling and IR, and its role in the pathogenesis of T2DM. The information in this article presents the concept of the role of ECM and its remodeling in the pathogenesis of IR, which may contribute to developing new therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róża Aleksandrowicz
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Bialystok, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marek Strączkowski
- Department of Prophylaxis of Metabolic Diseases, Bialystok, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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16
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Andiana O, Welis W, Taufik MS, Widiastuti, Siregar AH, Raharjo S. Effects of weight-bearing vs. non-weight-bearing endurance exercise on reducing body fat and inflammatory markers in obese females. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 34:215-225. [PMID: 36123345 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2022-0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endurance exercise is an effective strategy for maintaining an anti-inflammatory environment and weight management. However, the effect of this type of exercise on decreasing body fat and TNF-α levels and increasing adiponectin levels is controversial. The aims of this study was to prove the effects of weight-bearing vs. non-weight-bearing endurance exercise on reducing body fat and inflammatory markers in obese females. METHODS 24 obese adolescents were recruited from female students from the State University of Malang. The interventions given in this study were weight-bearing endurance exercise (WBEE), and non-weight-bearing endurance exercise (NWBEE). Serum TNF-α levels and serum adiponectin levels were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis techniques use paired sample T-test with a significant level of 5%. RESULTS Results of the statistical analysis show that the average body fat (PBF, FM, FFM) and TNF-α levels before endurance exercise vs. after endurance exercise in both types of exercise experienced a significant decrease (p≤0.05), while average adiponectin levels in both types of exercise experienced a significant increase before endurance exercise vs. after endurance exercise (p≤0.001). CONCLUSIONS In general, it can be concluded that weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing endurance exercise with moderate-intensity for 40 min/exercise session reduce body fat and TNF-α levels and increase adiponectin levels as a marker of inflammation in obese female.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Andiana
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Wilda Welis
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Padang, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Syamsul Taufik
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Faculty of Teacher and Education, University of Suryakancana, Cianjur, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Widiastuti
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, State University of Jakarta, East Jakarta, Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Hakim Siregar
- Department of Physical Education, Health and Recreation, Faculty of Sports Sciences, State University of Medan, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Slamet Raharjo
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Malang, East Java, Malang, Indonesia
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17
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Kirwan JP, Heintz EC, Rebello CJ, Axelrod CL. Exercise in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4559-4585. [PMID: 36815623 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a systemic, multifactorial disease that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Despite a rise in the number of available medications and treatments available for management, exercise remains a first-line prevention and intervention strategy due to established safety, efficacy, and tolerability in the general population. Herein we review the predisposing risk factors for, prevention, pathophysiology, and treatment of type 2 diabetes. We emphasize key cellular and molecular adaptive processes that provide insight into our evolving understanding of how, when, and what types of exercise may improve glycemic control. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:1-27, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Kirwan
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Heintz
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Candida J Rebello
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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18
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Is cardiorespiratory fitness a moderator of the relationship between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and insulin resistance in schoolchildren? Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:213-220. [PMID: 35941230 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02965-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine whether cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) decreases the association between insulin resistance and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in a population-based sample of Spanish schoolchildren. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study including 430 schoolchildren (51.4% girls), aged 8-12 years, from 10 schools in Cuenca (Spain). Blood samples were drawn to measure fasting insulin levels. Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was also assessed. Data on SSB consumption were gathered using the Children's Eating Habits Questionnaire, which was completed by parents. The CRF level was determined by the 20 m Shuttle Run test and a curvilinear allometric model. RESULTS Our conditional regression estimates showed that CRF moderated the association of SSB consumption on insulin levels or HOMA-IR. In children who had levels of CRF < 34.4 ml/kg/min ml/kg/min (for insulin levels) or < 33.6 ml/kg/min (for HOMA-IR), the association between SSB consumption and fasting insulin levels or HOMA-IR raised. Among children with CRF levels between 34.4 and 52.1 ml/kg/min (for insulin levels) or 33.6-55.4 ml/kg/min (for HOMA-IR), the association of SSB consumption on insulin level or HOMA-IR neither increased nor decreased. Among children with CRF levels > 52.1 ml/kg/min (for insulin levels) or > 55.4 ml/kg/min (for HOMA-IR), the association of SSB consumption on fasting insulin levels or HOMA-IR decreased. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that certain levels of CRF moderate the association between SSB consumption and insulin resistance in a population-based sample of Spanish schoolchildren.
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Joo SK, Kim W. Interaction between sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:S68-S78. [PMID: 36472051 PMCID: PMC10029947 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are common health problems related to aging. Despite the differences in their diagnostic methods, several cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have revealed the close link between sarcopenia and NAFLD. Sarcopenia and NAFLD are linked by several shared pathogenetic mechanisms, including insulin resistance, hormonal imbalance, systemic inflammation, myostatin and adiponectin dysregulation, nutritional deficiencies, and physical inactivity, thus implicating a bidirectional relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD. However, there is not sufficient data to support a direct causal relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD. Moreover, it is currently difficult to conclude whether sarcopenia is a risk factor for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or is a consequence of NASH. Therefore, this review intends to touch on the shared common mechanisms and the bidirectional relationship between sarcopenia and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae Kyung Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Dingena CF, Arofikina D, Campbell MD, Holmes MJ, Scott EM, Zulyniak MA. Nutritional and Exercise-Focused Lifestyle Interventions and Glycemic Control in Women with Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2023; 15:323. [PMID: 36678193 PMCID: PMC9864154 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes disrupts one in six pregnancies, bestowing immediate and long-term health risks to mother and child. Diet and exercise are commonly prescribed to control dysglycemia, but their effectiveness across sub-populations and types of diabetes (type-1; type-2; or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is uncertain. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of diet and/or exercise on glycemia in pregnant women with diabetes was conducted. Random effects models were used to evaluate effect sizes across studies and anticipated confounders (e.g., age, ethnicity, BMI). Of the 4845 records retrieved, 26 studies (8 nutritional supplements, 12 dietary, and 6 exercise interventions) were included. All studies were conducted in patients with GDM. Overall, supplement- and exercise-based interventions reduced fasting glucose (−0.30 mmol/L; 95% CI = −0.55, −0.06; p = 0.02; and 0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI = −0.20, −0.01; p = 0.04); and supplement- and diet-based interventions reduced HOMA-IR (−0.40; 95% CI = −0.58, −0.22; p < 0.001; and −1.15; 95% CI = −2.12, −0.17; p = 0.02). Subgroup analysis by confounders only confirmed marginal changed effect sizes. Our results suggest a favorable role of certain nutritional supplements, diet, and exercise practices on glycemia in women with GDM and underline a lack of evidence in ~20% of other diabetes-related pregnancies (i.e., women with pre-existing diabetes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassy F. Dingena
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Daria Arofikina
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Matthew D. Campbell
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland SR1 3SD, UK
| | - Melvin J. Holmes
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Eleanor M. Scott
- Division of Clinical and Population Sciences, Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael A. Zulyniak
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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21
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Effect of Exercise Interventions on Irisin and Interleukin-6 Concentrations and Indicators of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Males with Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12010369. [PMID: 36615169 PMCID: PMC9820823 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Irisin (IR) is a biomarker that is associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the available evidence on the association of IR, physical activity, and MetS status are contradictory. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of exercise intervention on IR and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in males with MetS. The study included 62 males with MetS (age 36.6 ± 6.9 years, BMI 33.6 ± 4.4 kg/m2) randomly assigned to: examined group 1 (EG1, n = 21) with aerobic exercise intervention, examined group 2 (EG2, n = 21) with combined aerobic and resistance exercise intervention, both for 12 weeks, and the control group (CG, n = 20) without intervention. Anthropometric measurements, body composition (body fat [BF], fat free mass [FFM]) as well as a biochemical blood analysis (irisin [IR], interleukin-6 [IL-6], insulin [INS] and glucose [GL]) were performed at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks of intervention, and 4 weeks after ending the intervention (follow-up). Intergroup and intragroup comparisons were performed. In EG1, an increase in IR level was observed as well as decreases in IL-6, BF, and GL levels in relation to the initial measurement. In EG2, decreases in IL-6, BF, and INS levels were observed as well as an increase in FFM level. In CG, no changes were found. Aerobic-resistance exercise led to a greater reduction in the concentrations of IL-6 and INS and more favorable changes in body composition (BF and FFM) than the use of aerobic training alone in males with MetS.
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22
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Han X, Yang Y, Liu S, Niu Y, Shao H, Fu L. Aerobic exercise ameliorates insulin resistance in C57BL/6 J mice via activating Sestrin3. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166568. [PMID: 36220588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance (IR) is closely linked to hyperglycemia and metabolic disorders. Regular exercise enhances insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Sestrin3 (SESN3) is a stress-inducible protein that protects against obesity-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. Regular exercise training is known to increase SESN3 expression in skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to explore whether SESN3 mediates the metabolic effects of exercise in the mouse model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced IR. SESN3-/- mice exhibited severer body weight gain, ectopic lipid accumulation, and dysregulation of glucose metabolism after long-term HFD feeding compared with the wild-type (WT) mice. Moreover, we found that SESN3 deficiency weakened the effects of exercise on reducing serum insulin levels and improving glucose tolerance in mice. Exercise training increased pAKT-S473 and GLUT4 expression, accompanied by enhanced pmTOR-S2481 (an indicator of mTORC2 activity) in WT quadriceps that were less pronounced in SESN3-/- mice. SESN3 overexpression in C2C12 myotubes further confirmed that SESN3 played an important role in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. SESN3 overexpression increased the binding of Rictor to mTOR and pmTOR-S2481 in C2C12 myotubes. Moreover, SESN3 overexpression resulted in an elevation of glucose uptake and a concomitant increase of pAKT-S473 in C2C12 myotubes, whereas these effects were diminished by downregulation of mTORC2 activity. Taken together, SESN3 is a crucial protein in amplifying the beneficial effects of exercise on insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle and systemic glucose levels. SESN3/mTORC2/AKT pathway mediated the effects of exercise on skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sujuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanmei Niu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Heng Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Medical Technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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23
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Cheng KYK, Bao Z, Long Y, Liu C, Huang T, Cui C, Chow SKH, Wong RMY, Cheung WH. Sarcopenia and Ageing. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:95-120. [PMID: 37120466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal ageing is a major health challenge as muscles and bones constitute around 55-60% of body weight. Ageing muscles will result in sarcopenia that is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes. In recent years, a few consensus panels provide new definitions for sarcopenia. It was officially recognized as a disease in 2016 with an ICD-10-CM disease code, M62.84, in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). With the new definitions, there are many studies emerging to investigate the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, exploring new interventions to treat sarcopenia and evaluating the efficacy of combination treatments for sarcopenia. The scope of this chapter is to summarize and appraise the evidence in terms of (1) clinical signs, symptoms, screening, and diagnosis, (2) pathogenesis of sarcopenia with emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction, intramuscular fat infiltration and neuromuscular junction deterioration, and (3) current treatments with regard to physical exercises and nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Yu-Kin Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengyuan Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Long
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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24
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Preferential effect of Montelukast on Dapagliflozin: Modulation of IRS-1/AKT/GLUT4 and ER stress response elements improves insulin sensitivity in soleus muscle of a type-2 diabetic rat model. Life Sci 2022; 307:120865. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Mengeste AM, Nikolić N, Dalmao Fernandez A, Feng YZ, Nyman TA, Kersten S, Haugen F, Kase ET, Aas V, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH. Insight Into the Metabolic Adaptations of Electrically Pulse-Stimulated Human Myotubes Using Global Analysis of the Transcriptome and Proteome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:928195. [PMID: 35874526 PMCID: PMC9298736 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.928195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) has proven to be a useful tool to interrogate cell-specific responses to muscle contraction. In the present study, we aimed to uncover networks of signaling pathways and regulatory molecules responsible for the metabolic effects of exercise in human skeletal muscle cells exposed to chronic EPS. Differentiated myotubes from young male subjects were exposed to EPS protocol 1 (i.e. 2 ms, 10 V, and 0.1 Hz for 24 h), whereas myotubes from middle-aged women and men were exposed to protocol 2 (i.e. 2 ms, 30 V, and 1 Hz for 48 h). Fuel handling as well as the transcriptome, cellular proteome, and secreted proteins of EPS-treated myotubes from young male subjects were analyzed using a combination of high-throughput RNA sequencing, high-resolution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, oxidation assay, and immunoblotting. The data showed that oxidative metabolism was enhanced in EPS-exposed myotubes from young male subjects. Moreover, a total of 81 differentially regulated proteins and 952 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed in these cells after EPS protocol 1. We also found 61 overlapping genes while comparing the DEGs to mRNA expression in myotubes from the middle-aged group exposed to protocol 2, assessed by microarray. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated that significantly regulated proteins and genes were enriched in biological processes related to glycolytic pathways, positive regulation of fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as muscle contraction, autophagy/mitophagy, and oxidative stress. Additionally, proteomic identification of secreted proteins revealed extracellular levels of 137 proteins were changed in myotubes from young male subjects exposed to EPS protocol 1. Selected putative myokines were measured using ELISA or multiplex assay to validate the results. Collectively, our data provides new insight into the transcriptome, proteome and secreted proteins alterations following in vitro exercise and is a valuable resource for understanding the molecular mechanisms and regulatory molecules mediating the beneficial metabolic effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel M Mengeste
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nataša Nikolić
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea Dalmao Fernandez
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yuan Z Feng
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sander Kersten
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Fred Haugen
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, STAMI-The National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eili Tranheim Kase
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vigdis Aas
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet-Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Hege Thoresen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Tamas I, Major E, Horvath D, Keller I, Ungvari A, Haystead TA, MacDonald JA, Lontay B. Mechanisms by which smoothelin-like protein 1 reverses insulin resistance in myotubules and mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 551:111663. [PMID: 35508278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (InR) is manifested in skeletal muscle by decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake due to impaired insulin signaling and multiple post-receptor intracellular defects. Chronic glucose-induced insulin resistance leads to the activation of Ser/Thr kinases and elevated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) on Ser residues. Phosphorylation of IRS1 triggers the dissociation of IRS1 and its downstream effector, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In the present study, we provide evidence for the insulin-sensitizing role of smoothelin-like protein 1 (SMTNL1) that is a ligand-dependent co-regulator of steroid receptors, predominantly the progesterone receptor. SMTNL1 was transiently overexpressed in insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes. A proteome profiler array revealed that mTOR and Ser/Thr kinases were SMTNL1-dependent signaling pathways. In the presence of progesterone, overexpression was coupled to decreased Ser phosphorylation of IRS1 at Ser307, Ser318, and Ser612 residues. SMTNL1 also induced the expression and activity of the p85 subunit of PI3K. SMTNL1 regulated the expression of PKCε, which phosphorylates IRS1 at Ser318 residue. SMTNL1 also regulated ERK1/2 and JNK, which phosphorylate IRS1 at Ser612 and Ser307, respectively. Real-time metabolic measurements of oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate revealed that SMTNL1 improved glycolysis and promoted the utilization of alternative carbon fuels. SMTNL1 also rescued the mitochondrial respiration defect induced by chronic insulin exposure. Collectively, SMTNL1 plays a crucial role in maintaining the physiological ratio of Tyr/Ser IRS1 phosphorylation and attenuates the insulin-signaling cascade that contributes to impaired glucose disposal, which makes it a potential therapeutic target for improving InR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Tamas
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Evelin Major
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Daniel Horvath
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ilka Keller
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adam Ungvari
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Timothy A Haystead
- Duke University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Justin A MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Beata Lontay
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.
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Wang D, Zhang X, Li Y, Jia L, Zhai L, Wei W, Zhang L, Jiang H, Bai Y. Exercise-Induced Browning of White Adipose Tissue and Improving Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity in Obese/Non-obese Growing Mice: Do Not Neglect Exosomal miR-27a. Front Nutr 2022; 9:940673. [PMID: 35782940 PMCID: PMC9248804 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.940673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is considered as a favorable measure to prevent and treat childhood obesity. However, the underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced beneficial effects and the difference between obese and non-obese individuals are largely unclear. Recently, miR-27a is recognized as a central upstream regulator of proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in contributing to various physiological and pathological processes. This study aims to explore the possible cause of exercise affecting white adipose tissue (WAT) browning and reversing skeletal muscle insulin resistance in obese/non-obese immature bodies. For simulating the process of childhood obesity, juvenile mice were fed with a basal diet or high-fat diet (HFD) and took 1 or 2 h swimming exercise simultaneously for 10 weeks. The obese animal model was induced by the HFD. We found that exercise hindered HFD-induced body fat development in growing mice. Exercise modified glucolipid metabolism parameters differently in the obese/non-obese groups, and the changes of the 2 h exercise mice were not consistent with the 1 h exercise mice. The level of serum exosomal miR-27a in the non-exercise obese group was increased obviously, which was reduced in the exercise obese groups. Results from bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-27a targeted PPAR-γ. Exercise stimulated WAT browning; however, the response of obese WAT lagged behind normal WAT. In the HFD-fed mice, 2 h exercise activated the IRS-1/Akt/GLUT-4 signaling pathway in the skeletal muscles. In summary, our findings confirmed that exercise-induced beneficial effects are associated with exercise duration, and the response of obese and non-obese bodies is different. Exosomal miR-27a might be a crucial node for the process of exercise-induced browning of WAT and improving skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- The Second People’s Hospital of Jiashan, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xihuan Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Xinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Yibai Li
- The First Division of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lihong Jia
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingling Zhai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology, Ministry of Education and NHC, National Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin Diseases, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongkun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yinglong Bai
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Yinglong Bai,
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28
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Mansingh S, Handschin C. Time to Train: The Involvement of the Molecular Clock in Exercise Adaptation of Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:902031. [PMID: 35547572 PMCID: PMC9081842 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.902031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms regulate a host of physiological processes in a time-dependent manner to maintain homeostasis in response to various environmental stimuli like day and night cycles, food intake, and physical activity. Disruptions in circadian rhythms due to genetic mutations, shift work, exposure to artificial light sources, aberrant eating habits, and abnormal sleep cycles can have dire consequences for health. Importantly, exercise training efficiently ameliorates many of these adverse effects and the role of skeletal muscle in mediating the benefits of exercise is a topic of great interest. However, the molecular and physiological interactions between the clock, skeletal muscle function and exercise are poorly understood, and are most likely a combination of molecular clock components directly acting in muscle as well as in concordance with other peripheral metabolic organ systems like the liver. This review aims to consolidate existing experimental evidence on the involvement of molecular clock factors in exercise adaptation of skeletal muscle and to highlight the existing gaps in knowledge that need to be investigated to develop therapeutic avenues for diseases that are associated with these systems.
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29
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Antony R, Aby K, Gao H, Eichholz M, Srinivasan R, Li Y. UCHL1 Regulates Lipid and Perilipin 2 Level in Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2022; 13:855193. [PMID: 35464088 PMCID: PMC9021748 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.855193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that was originally found in neurons. We found that UCHL1 is highly expressed in slow oxidative skeletal muscles, but its functions remain to be fully understood. In this study, we observed that UCHL1 protein levels in skeletal muscle and C2C12 myotubes were downregulated by fasting or glucose starvation respectively. Skeletal muscle selective knockout (smKO) of UCHL1 resulted in a significant reduction of lipid content in skeletal muscle and improved glucose tolerance. UCHL1 smKO did not significantly change the levels of key proteins involved in oxidative metabolism such as SDHA, Akt, or PDH. Interestingly, while the levels of the major lipases and lipid transporters were unchanged, perilipin 2 was significantly downregulated in UCHL1 smKO muscle. Consistently, in C2C12 myotubes, UCHL1 siRNA knockdown also reduced perilipin 2 protein level. This data suggests that UCHL1 may stabilize perilipin 2 and thus lipid storage in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yifan Li
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, United States
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30
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Zhang W, Dun Y, You B, Qiu L, Ripley-Gonzalez JW, Cheng J, Fu S, Li C, Liu S. Trimetazidine and exercise offer analogous improvements to the skeletal muscle insulin resistance of mice through Nrf2 signaling. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/2/e002699. [PMID: 35365489 PMCID: PMC8977813 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insulin resistance (IR) plays a key role in the pathogenesis and clinical course of patients with multiple metabolic diseases and diabetes. This study aimed to explore the effect of trimetazidine (TMZ) on skeletal muscle IR in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and explore the possible underlying mechanism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In vivo, a HFD mouse IR model was adopted and TMZ and exercise were used to intervene. Postintervention the following were determined: blood levels of glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of IR index, expression of skeletal muscle insulin signaling-related proteins phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate 1 (p-IRS1/IRS1) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT/AKT), nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, and oxidative stress. In vitro, a palmitate-treated C2C12 myotube IR model was constructed. Cellular glucose uptake, p-IRS1/IRS1, and p-AKT/AKT were determined, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was analyzed based on treatments with specific small interfering RNA of Nrf2 with or without TMZ. Western blot was used to obtain the protein expression level and ROS production by functional analysis kits. RESULTS In vivo, TMZ and exercise decreased the blood glucose and insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment of IR index, increased skeletal muscle insulin signaling-related protein ratios of p-IRS1/IRS1 and p-AKT/AKT, and both interventions activated Nrf2 signaling and reduced oxidative stress production in HFD mice. In vitro, TMZ reduced the oxidative stress reaction, increased the ratios of p-AKT/AKT and p-IRS1/IRS1, and attenuated the insulin stimulation of PA-induced glucose uptake. However, in the absence of Nrf2, TMZ failed to resist the effects of IR. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that TMZ, like exercise, brought about marked improvements to HFD-induced skeletal muscle IR through TMZ, a common pathway with exercise in the form of Nrf2, regulating oxidative stress. We provide new evidence to support the use of TMZ for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Zhang
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yaoshan Dun
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Division of Preventive Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Baiyang You
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jeffrey W Ripley-Gonzalez
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shenzhen Yantian People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Siqian Fu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cui Li
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Suixin Liu
- Division of Cardiac Rehabilitation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Alves MDDJ, Silva DDS, Pereira EVM, Pereira DD, de Sousa Fernandes MS, Santos DFC, Oliveira DPM, Vieira-Souza LM, Aidar FJ, de Souza RF. Changes in Cytokines Concentration Following Long-Distance Running: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:838069. [PMID: 35250639 PMCID: PMC8893166 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.838069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-distance running is an exhausting effort for the whole organism. Prolonged aerobic exercise induces changes in inflammatory markers. However, predicting muscle damage in response has limitations in terms of selecting biomarkers used to measure inflammatory status. The present study conducts a systematic review and meta-analysis of articles focusing in ultra-marathon, marathon, and half-marathon and levels of cytokines. The search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, resulting in the inclusion of 76 articles. IL-6 was highlighted, evaluated in 62 studies and show increase in the standard mean difference (SMD): half-marathon (SMD −1.36; IC 95%: −1.82, −0.89, Ch2:0.58; tau2:0.00; p < 0.0001), marathon (SMD −6.81; IC 95%: −9.26, −4.37; Ch2:481.37 tau2:11.88; p < 0.0001) and ultra-marathon (SMD −8.00 IC 95%: −10.47, −5.53; Ch2:328.40; tau2:14.19; p < 0.0001). In contrast meta-regression analysis did not show relationship to the running distance (p = 0.864). The meta-analysis evidenced increase in the concentration of IL-1ra (p < 0.0001), IL-1B (p < 0.0001), IL-8 (p < 0.0001), IL-10 (p < 0.0001) and TNF-α (p < 0.0001). Reduction in IL-2 (p < 0.0001) and INF-y (p < 0.03) and no change in the IL-4 (p < 0.56). The number of studies evaluating the effect of adipokines was limited, however Leptin and Resistin were recurrent. The effects of an acute bout of prolonged aerobic exercise will protect against chronic systemic inflammation. The time to return to baseline values showed a substantial and dose-dependent relationship with run volume. The concentration of IL-6 was robustly studied and the marathon running was the most explored. Network of endocrine interactions in which circulating factors, released in extreme exercises, interplay through inter-organ crosstalk and physiologic changes were expressed. The running volume variability was able to modulate compounds that play a fundamental role in the maintenance of homeostasis and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micael Deivison de Jesus Alves
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Devisson dos Santos Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Erika Vitoria Moura Pereira
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Danielle Dutra Pereira
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Course, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Graduate Program, Postgraduate Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucio Marques Vieira-Souza
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Physical Education Course, State University of Minas Gerais-UEMG, Passos, Brazil
| | - Felipe J. Aidar
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
| | - Raphael Fabricio de Souza
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Physical Education, Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil
- Group of Studies and Research of Performance, Sport, Health and Paralympic Sports—GEPEPS, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristovão, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Raphael Fabricio de Souza
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Murray J, Ehsani A, Najjar L, Zhang G, Itakura K. Muscle-specific deletion of Arid5b causes metabolic changes in skeletal muscle that affect adipose tissue and liver. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1083311. [PMID: 36743919 PMCID: PMC9891308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1083311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that AT-Rich Interaction Domain 5b (Arid5b) may play a role in energy metabolism in various tissues. To study the metabolic function of Arid5b in skeletal muscle, we generated skeletal muscle-specific Arid5b knockout (Arid5b MKO) mice. We found that Arid5b MKO skeletal muscles preferentially utilized fatty acids for energy generation with a corresponding increase in FABP4 expression. Interestingly, in Arid5b MKO mice, the adipose tissue weight decreased significantly. One possible mechanism for the decrease in adipose tissue weight could be the increase in phospho-HSL and HSL expression in white adipose tissue. While glucose uptake increased in an insulin-independent manner in Arid5b MKO skeletal muscle, glucose oxidation was reduced in conjunction with downregulation of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC). We found that glucose was diverted into the pentose phosphate pathway as well as converted into lactate through glycolysis for export to the bloodstream, fueling the Cori cycle. Our data show that muscle-specific deletion of Arid5b leads to changes in fuel utilization in skeletal muscle that influences metabolism in other tissues. These results suggest that Arid5b regulates systemic metabolism by modulating fuel selection.
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Indu S, Vijayalakshmi P, Selvaraj J, Rajalakshmi M. Novel Triterpenoids from Cassia fistula Stem Bark Depreciates STZ-Induced Detrimental Changes in IRS-1/Akt-Mediated Insulin Signaling Mechanisms in Type-1 Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2021; 26:6812. [PMID: 34833905 PMCID: PMC8621110 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we identified the mechanisms of action of antidiabetic activity of novel compounds isolated from Cassia fistula stem bark in STZ-diabetic animals. Novel triterpenoid compounds (C1, C2 and C3) were treated to STZ-administered diabetic animals at a concentration of 20mg/kg body weight orally for 60 days to assess their effects on plasma glucose, plasma insulin/C-peptide, serum lipid markers and the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, glucose oxidation and insulin signaling molecules. Oral administration of novel triterpenoid compounds to STZ-diabetic animals significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the plasma glucose concentration on the 7th, 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th daysin a duration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Plasma insulin (p < 0.0001)/C-peptide (p < 0.0006), tissue glycogen (p < 0.0034), glycogen phosphorylase (p < 0.005), glucose 6-phosphatase (p < 0.0001) and lipid markers were significantly increased (p < 0.0001) in diabetic rats, whereas glucokinase (p < 0.0047), glycogen synthase (p < 0.003), glucose oxidation (p < 0.001), GLUT4 mRNA (p < 0.0463), GLUT4 protein (p < 0.0475) and the insulin-signaling molecules IR mRNA (p < 0.0195), IR protein (p < 0.0001), IRS-1 mRNA (p < 0.0478), p-IRS-1Tyr612 (p < 0.0185), Akt mRNA (p < 0.0394), p-AktSer473 (p < 0.0162), GLUT4 mRNA (p < 0.0463) and GLUT4 (p < 0.0475) were decreased in the gastrocnemius muscle. In silico analysis of C1-C3 with IRK and PPAR-γ protein coincided with in vivo findings. C1-C3 possessed promising antidiabetic activity by regulating insulin signaling mechanisms and carbohydrate metabolic enzymes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Blood Glucose/metabolism
- C-Peptide/blood
- Cassia/chemistry
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Glucokinase/metabolism
- Glucose-6-Phosphatase/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/chemistry
- Hypoglycemic Agents/isolation & purification
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin/blood
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins/metabolism
- Lipid Metabolism/drug effects
- Male
- Molecular Docking Simulation
- Molecular Structure
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Plant Bark/chemistry
- Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
- Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Triterpenes/chemistry
- Triterpenes/isolation & purification
- Triterpenes/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabapathy Indu
- DBT-BIF Centre, PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620002, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.I.); (P.V.)
| | - Periyasamy Vijayalakshmi
- DBT-BIF Centre, PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620002, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.I.); (P.V.)
| | - Jayaraman Selvaraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600020, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Manikkam Rajalakshmi
- DBT-BIF Centre, PG & Research Department of Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Holy Cross College (Autonomous), Bharathidasan University, Trichy 620002, Tamil Nadu, India; (S.I.); (P.V.)
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Habahbeh S, Imraish A, Zihlif M. The crosstalk between adenosine A2B receptor and insulin signalling in rat skeletal muscle cells. Biol Futur 2021; 71:283-288. [PMID: 34554511 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-020-00035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterised by hyperglycaemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Insulin therapy might be affected by specific metabolic enzymes and transporters. There are conflicting reports in the literature on the role of adenosine receptor A2B (AR2B) in skeletal and cardiac muscle glucose metabolism. This study aims to find out if there is an association between AR2B and insulin signalling, especially the metabolic pathways (AKT-GSK). Differentiated L6 cell rat muscle cells were treated with insulin, adenosine agonist NECA, selective AR2B antagonist PSB 603 and combinations between these reagents, the expression of AKT2, GSK3α, and GSK3β were measured by qPCR hydrolysis probe technique. Insulin increases AKT2, GSK3α and GSK3β mRNA expression, while AR2B antagonist inhibits AKT2 GSK3α and GSK3β mRNA expression and combining AR2B antagonist with insulin diminish insulin action and decrease AKT2 GSK3α and GSK3β mRNA expression, which means a strong relationship between AR2B and insulin action. Furthermore AR2B agonist may be a good candidate as an anti-diabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Habahbeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Amer Imraish
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
| | - Malek Zihlif
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
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35
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Schwarzer M, Molis A, Schenkl C, Schrepper A, Britton SL, Koch LG, Doenst T. Genetically determined exercise capacity affects systemic glucose response to insulin in rats. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:395-405. [PMID: 34297615 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00014.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aerobic exercise capacity is inversely related to morbidity and mortality as well as to insulin resistance. However, exercising in patients has led to conflicting results, presumably because aerobic exercise capacity consists of intrinsic (genetically determined) and extrinsic (environmentally determined) parts. The contribution of both parts to insulin sensitivity is also not clear. We investigated sedentary and exercised (aerobic interval training) high (HCR) and low capacity runners (LCR) differing in their genetically determined aerobic exercise capacity to determine the contribution of both parts to insulin sensitivity. METHODS AND RESULTS LCR and HCR differed in their untrained exercise capacity and body weight. Sedentary LCR displayed a diabetic phenotype with higher random glucose, lower glucose infusion rate during hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamping than HCR. Echocardiography showed equal morphological and functional parameters and no change with exercise. Four weeks of exercise caused significant improvements in aerobic exercise capacity, which was more pronounced in LCR. However, with respect to glucose use, exercise affected HCR only. In these animals, exercise increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake in gastrocnemius (+58.5 %, p= 0.1) and in epididymal fat (+106 %; p<0.05). Citrate synthase activity also increased in these tissues (gastrocnemius 69 % epididymal fat 63 %). CONCLUSION In our model of HCR and LCR, genetic predisposition for low exercise capacity is associated with impaired insulin sensitivity and impedes exercise-induced improvements in insulin response. Our results suggest that genetic predisposition for low aerobic exercise capacity impairs insulin response, which may not be overcome by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwarzer
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Annika Molis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Christina Schenkl
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Schrepper
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Lauren Gerard Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, United States
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Kim TJ, Lee HJ, Pyun DH, Abd El-Aty AM, Jeong JH, Jung TW. Valdecoxib improves lipid-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance via simultaneous suppression of inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114557. [PMID: 33844985 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Valdecoxib (VAL), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been widely used for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and menstrual pain. It is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. The suppressive effects of VAL on cardiovascular diseases and neuroinflammation have been documented; however, its impact on insulin signaling in skeletal muscle has not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of VAL on insulin resistance in mouse skeletal muscle. Treatment of C2C12 myocytes with VAL reversed palmitate-induced aggravation of insulin signaling and glucose uptake. Further, VAL attenuated palmitate-induced inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with VAL concentration-dependently upregulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and heat shock protein beta 1 (HSPB1) expression. In line with in vitro experiments, treatment with VAL augmented AMPK phosphorylation and HSPB1 expression, thereby alleviating high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance along with inflammation and ER stress in mouse skeletal muscle. However, small interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of AMPK abolished the effects of VAL on insulin resistance, inflammation, and ER stress. These results suggest that VAL alleviates insulin resistance through AMPK/HSPB1-mediated inhibition of inflammation and ER stress in skeletal muscle under hyperlipidemic conditions. Hence, VAL could be used as an effective pharmacotherapeutic agent for management of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyeon Pyun
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211-Giza, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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de Meeûs d’Argenteuil C, Boshuizen B, Oosterlinck M, van de Winkel D, De Spiegelaere W, de Bruijn CM, Goethals K, Vanderperren K, Delesalle CJG. Flexibility of equine bioenergetics and muscle plasticity in response to different types of training: An integrative approach, questioning existing paradigms. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249922. [PMID: 33848308 PMCID: PMC8043414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Equine bioenergetics have predominantly been studied focusing on glycogen and fatty acids. Combining omics with conventional techniques allows for an integrative approach to broadly explore and identify important biomolecules. Friesian horses were aquatrained (n = 5) or dry treadmill trained (n = 7) (8 weeks) and monitored for: evolution of muscle diameter in response to aquatraining and dry treadmill training, fiber type composition and fiber cross-sectional area of the M. pectoralis, M. vastus lateralis and M. semitendinosus and untargeted metabolomics of the M. pectoralis and M. vastus lateralis in response to dry treadmill training. Aquatraining was superior to dry treadmill training to increase muscle diameter in the hindquarters, with maximum effect after 4 weeks. After dry treadmill training, the M. pectoralis showed increased muscle diameter, more type I fibers, decreased fiber mean cross sectional area, and an upregulated oxidative metabolic profile: increased β-oxidation (key metabolites: decreased long chain fatty acids and increased long chain acylcarnitines), TCA activity (intermediates including succinyl-carnitine and 2-methylcitrate), amino acid metabolism (glutamine, aromatic amino acids, serine, urea cycle metabolites such as proline, arginine and ornithine) and xenobiotic metabolism (especially p-cresol glucuronide). The M. vastus lateralis expanded its fast twitch profile, with decreased muscle diameter, type I fibers and an upregulation of glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathway activity, and increased branched-chain and aromatic amino acid metabolism (cis-urocanate, carnosine, homocarnosine, tyrosine, tryptophan, p-cresol-glucuronide, serine, methionine, cysteine, proline and ornithine). Trained Friesians showed increased collagen and elastin turn-over. Results show that branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids and microbiome-derived xenobiotics need further study in horses. They feed the TCA cycle at steps further downstream from acetyl CoA and most likely, they are oxidized in type IIA fibers, the predominant fiber type of the horse. These study results underline the importance of reviewing existing paradigms on equine bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance de Meeûs d’Argenteuil
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Berit Boshuizen
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Wolvega Equine Hospital, Oldeholtpade, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Oosterlinck
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesiology of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Ward De Spiegelaere
- Department of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Klara Goethals
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Research Group Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Katrien Vanderperren
- Department of Veterinary Medical Imaging and Small Animal Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Cathérine John Ghislaine Delesalle
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Research Group of Comparative Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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38
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Marš T, Miš K, Meznarič M, Prpar Mihevc S, Jan V, Haugen F, Rogelj B, Rustan AC, Thoresen GH, Pirkmajer S, Nikolić N. Innervation and electrical pulse stimulation — in vitro effects on human skeletal muscle cells. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:299-308. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Contraction-induced adaptations in skeletal muscles are well characterized in vivo, but the underlying cellular mechanisms are still not completely understood. Cultured human myotubes represent an essential model system for human skeletal muscle that can be modulated ex vivo, but they are quiescent and do not contract unless being stimulated. Stimulation can be achieved by innervation of human myotubes in vitro by co-culturing with embryonic rat spinal cord, or by replacing motor neuron activation by electrical pulse stimulation (EPS). Effects of these two in vitro approaches, innervation and EPS, were characterized with respects to the expression of myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) and metabolism of glucose and oleic acid in cultured human myotubes. Adherent human myotubes were either innervated with rat spinal cord segments or exposed to EPS. The expression pattern of MyHCs was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence, while the metabolism of glucose and oleic acid were studied using radiolabelled substrates. Innervation and EPS promoted differentiation towards different fiber types in human myotubes. Expression of the slow MyHC-1 isoform was reduced in innervated myotubes, whereas it remained unaltered in EPS-treated cells. Expression of both fast isoforms (MyHC-2A and MyHC-2X) tended to decrease in EPS-treated cells. Both approaches induced a more oxidative phenotype, reflected in increased CO2 production from both glucose and oleic acid. Novelty: Innervation and EPS favour differentiation into different fiber types in human myotubes. Both innervation and EPS promote a metabolically more oxidative phenotype in human myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Marš
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Miš
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marija Meznarič
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sonja Prpar Mihevc
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Jan
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Fred Haugen
- Department of Work Psychology and Physiology, STAMI - The National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Boris Rogelj
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biomedical Research Institute (BRIS), Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Arild C. Rustan
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - G. Hege Thoresen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Sergej Pirkmajer
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Nikolić
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, University of Oslo, Norway
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Draicchio F, van Vliet S, Ancu O, Paluska SA, Wilund KR, Mickute M, Sathyapalan T, Renshaw D, Watt P, Sylow L, Burd NA, Mackenzie RW. Integrin-associated ILK and PINCH1 protein content are reduced in skeletal muscle of maintenance haemodialysis patients. J Physiol 2020; 598:5701-5716. [PMID: 32969494 DOI: 10.1113/jp280441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Patients with renal failure undergoing maintenance haemodialysis are associated with insulin resistance and protein metabolism dysfunction. Novel research suggests that disruption to the transmembrane protein linkage between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix in skeletal muscle may contribute to reduced amino acid metabolism and insulin resistance in haemodialysis. ILK, PINCH1 and pFAKTyr397 were significantly decreased in haemodialysis compared to controls, whereas Rac1 and Akt2 showed no different between groups. Rac1 deletion in the Rac1 knockout model did not alter the expression of integrin-associated proteins. Phenylalanine kinetics were reduced in the haemodialysis group at 30 and 60 min post meal ingestion compared to controls; both groups showed similar levels of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Key proteins in the integrin-cytoskeleton linkage are reduced in haemodialysis patients, suggesting for the first time that integrin-associated proteins dysfunction may contribute to reduced phenylalanine flux without affecting insulin resistance in haemodialysis patients. ABSTRACT Muscle atrophy, insulin resistance and reduced muscle phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt signalling are common characteristics of patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (MHD). Disruption to the transmembrane protein linkage between the cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix in skeletal muscle may contribute to reduced amino acid metabolism and insulin resistance in MHD patients. Eight MHD patients (age: 56 ± 5 years: body mass index: 32 ± 2 kg m-2 ) and non-diseased controls (age: 50 ± 2 years: body mass index: 31 ± 1 kg m-2 ) received primed continuous l-[ring-2 H5 ]phenylalanine before consuming a mixed meal. Phenylalanine metabolism was determined using two-compartment modelling. Muscle biopsies were collected prior to the meal and at 300 min postprandially. In a separate experiment, skeletal muscle tissue from muscle-specific Rac1 knockout (Rac1 mKO) was harvested to investigate whether Rac1 depletion disrupted the cytoskeleton-integrin linkage, allowing for cross-model examination of proteins of interest. ILK, PINCH1 and pFAKTyr397 were significantly lower in MHD (P < 0.01). Rac1 and Akt showed no difference between groups for the human trial. Rac1 deletion in the Rac1 mKO model did not alter the expression of integrin-associated proteins. Phenylalanine rates of appearance and disappearance, as well as metabolic clearance rates, were lower in the MHD group at 30 and 60 min post meal ingestion compared to controls (P < 0.05). Both groups showed similar levels of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function. Key proteins in the integrin-cytoskeleton linkage are reduced in MHD patients, suggesting for the first time that integrin-associated proteins dysfunction may contribute to reduced phenylalanine flux without affecting insulin resistance in haemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Draicchio
- Department of Life Sciences, Sport and Exercise Science Research Center, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Stephan van Vliet
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Oana Ancu
- Department of Life Sciences, Sport and Exercise Science Research Center, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Scott A Paluska
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kenneth R Wilund
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Monika Mickute
- Leicester Diabetes Center, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Derek Renshaw
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Peter Watt
- Sport and Exercise Science and Sports Medicine research and enterprise group, Welkin Laboratories, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sport, August Krogh Bygningen, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.,Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Richard Wa Mackenzie
- Department of Life Sciences, Sport and Exercise Science Research Center, University of Roehampton, London, UK
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40
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Kim BM, Yi YH, Kim YJ, Lee SY, Lee JG, Cho YH, Tak YJ, Hwang HR, Lee SH, Park EJ, Lee Y. Association between Relative Handgrip Strength and Dyslipidemia in Korean Adults: Findings of the 2014-2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Fam Med 2020; 41:404-411. [PMID: 32045964 PMCID: PMC7700830 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.19.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grip strength is a convenient method to measure muscle strength. Recently, relative handgrip strength (HGS) was recommended as a clinical predictor of metabolic health and disease, such as dyslipidemia, which is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to characterize the association between relative HGS and dyslipidemia. METHODS We included 6,027 adults (2,934 men, 3,093 women) aged 30-69 years who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014 and 2015. Relative HGS was obtained by dividing the HGS by body mass index. Complex sampling analysis was conducted to compare the general characteristics of participants according to the quartiles of relative HGS. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between quartiles of relative HGS and dyslipidemia. RESULTS After adjustment for age, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, prevalence of hypertension, alcohol consumption, smoking status, exercise, income, and education level, relative HGS was inversely associated with dyslipidemia in both men and women. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for dyslipidemia in quartiles 1, 2, and 3 relative to quartile 4 were 1.36 (1.00-1.83), 1.29 (0.98-1.70), 1.23 (0.95- 1.60) in men and 1.81 (1.30-2.50), 1.81 (1.32-2.47), 1.39 (1.07-1.81) in women, respectively. CONCLUSION Relative HGS was inversely associated with dyslipidemia risk in Korean adults. Muscle-strengthening exercise is recommended to enhance health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Mi Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Pusan National University Medical Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yu Hyeon Yi
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Pusan National University Medical Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Busan Tobacco Control Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Yun Jin Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Pusan National University Medical Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Yeoup Lee
- Family Medicine Clinic, Obesity, Metabolism and Nutrition Center and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Medical Education, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Jeong Gyu Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Pusan National University Medical Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Busan Tobacco Control Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Young Hye Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Family Medicine Clinic, Obesity, Metabolism and Nutrition Center and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Young Jin Tak
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Pusan National University Medical Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Hye Rim Hwang
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Pusan National University Medical Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea
- Pusan National University Medical Research Institute, Yangsan, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Busan Tobacco Control Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Park
- Family Medicine Clinic, Obesity, Metabolism and Nutrition Center and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Youngin Lee
- Busan Tobacco Control Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea
- Family Medicine Clinic, Obesity, Metabolism and Nutrition Center and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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Yang L, Lin H, Lin W, Xu X. Exercise Ameliorates Insulin Resistance of Type 2 Diabetes through Motivating Short-Chain Fatty Acid-Mediated Skeletal Muscle Cell Autophagy. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9080203. [PMID: 32756447 PMCID: PMC7464264 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Exercise can ameliorate type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by regulating intestinal flora metabolites. However, the detailed mechanism needs to be further explored. Methods: A T2DM model using mice was established by feeding them a high-fat diet and giving them subsequent streptozocin injections. Fasting blood glucose and serum insulin were determined by blood glucose meter and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Intestinal flora was measured by 16sRNA sequencing. SCFA content was measured by gas chromatography (GC) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A fluorescently labeled 2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) kit was employed to detect glucose uptake capacity, and western blot was utilized to explore the signaling pathway of insulin resistance and cell autophagy. Results: In the T2DM model, along with a reduction in insulin resistance (IR), exercise reversed the decline of intestinal Bacteroidetes and the increase of Firmicutes. For metabolites of Bacteroides, exercise restored the decline in total intestinal and plasma short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in T2DM mice. However, the administration of GLPG0974—the inhibitor of G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43), which is the receptor of SCFAs—abolished exercise-mediated alleviation in IR in vivo and acetate-mediated reduction of skeletal muscle IR (SMIR) in vitro. Mechanistically, exercise induced skeletal muscle cell autophagy, thereby ameliorating SMIR, which was neutralized by GLPG0974 exposure. Conclusions: Exercise-mediated SCFAs-upregulation may ameliorate insulin resistance (IR) through increasing autophagy of skeletal muscle cells by binding to GPR43. This study provides a theoretical basis for targeting gut bacterial metabolites to prevent T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Sports Science Education, School of Physical Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- School of Physical Education, Shao Guan University, Shaoguan 512000, China
| | - Haiqi Lin
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China;
| | - Wentao Lin
- Guangzhou Institute of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou 510500, China;
| | - Xiaoyang Xu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Sports Science Education, School of Physical Education, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-0300-9002
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Bozdemir-Ozel C, Arikan H, Calik-Kutukcu E, Karadüz BN, Inal-Ince D, Kabakci G, Sumer E, Dagdelen S. Subclinical Inflammation Is Associated With Reductions in Muscle Oxygenation, Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2020; 44:422-427. [PMID: 32616275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise capacity is related to both morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between subclinical inflammation level, exercise capacity, muscle oxygenation and quality of life in T2DM. METHODS This study includes 28 patients with T2DM (mean age, 51.5±5.0 years; male-to-female ratio, 6:22). Exercise capacity was evaluated using an incremental symptom-limited maximal exercise test on a bicycle ergometer. Muscle oxygenation was investigated using a wearable lactate-measuring device. Diabetes-specific quality of life was assessed using the Diabetes Quality of Life Questionnaire (DQOL). Subclinical inflammation was assessed using C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. RESULTS CRP level was negatively correlated with peak workload during the test (r=-0.588, p=0.002), muscle oxygenation (r=-0.465, p=0.019) and the psychological impact of treatment subscale of the DQOL (r=-0.540, p=0.017), and positively correlated with body mass index (r=0.519, p=0.008), waist circumference (r=0.426, p=0.038) and fat percentage (r=0.573, p=0.004). There was no correlation between CRP and fasting blood glucose or glycated hemoglobin level (p>0.05). Peak workload was inversely related to fat percentage (r=-0.467, p=0.016) and the DQOL worry about the future impact of diabetes subscale (r=-0.501, p=0.021). CONCLUSIONS In our study, subclinical inflammation negatively affected muscle oxygenation, exercise capacity and quality of life independently of glycemic indicators. Our findings suggest that the degree of glycemic control is insufficient to explain lower exercise capacity. Further studies are needed to investigate subclinical inflammation-reducing interventions in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemile Bozdemir-Ozel
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Hülya Arikan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Calik-Kutukcu
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Beyza Nur Karadüz
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Inal-Ince
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Giray Kabakci
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Sumer
- Faculty of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Dagdelen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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An adiponectin-S1P autocrine axis protects skeletal muscle cells from palmitate-induced cell death. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:156. [PMID: 32611437 PMCID: PMC7330982 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, obesity and their various comorbidities have continued to rise. In skeletal muscle lipotoxicity is well known to be a contributor to the development of insulin resistance. Here it was examined if the small molecule adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon mimicked the effect of adiponectin to attenuate palmitate induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death in L6 skeletal muscle cells. Methods L6 cells were treated ±0.1 mM PA, and ± AdipoRon, then assays analyzing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell death, and intracellular and extracellular levels of sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) were conducted. To determine the mechanistic role of S1P gain (using exogenous S1P or using THI) or loss of function (using the SKI-II) were conducted. Results Using both CellROX and DCFDA assays it was found that AdipoRon reduced palmitate-induced ROS production. Image-IT DEAD, MTT and LDH assays all indicated that AdipoRon reduced palmitate-induced cell death. Palmitate significantly increased intracellular accumulation of S1P, whereas in the presence of AdipoRon there was increased release of S1P from cells to extracellular medium. It was also observed that direct addition of extracellular S1P prevented palmitate-induced ROS production and cell death, indicating that S1P is acting in an autocrine manner. Pharmacological approaches to enhance or decrease S1P levels indicated that accumulation of intracellular S1P correlated with enhanced cell death. Conclusion This data indicates that increased extracellular levels of S1P in response to adiponectin receptor activation can activate S1P receptor-mediated signaling to attenuate lipotoxic cell death. Taken together these findings represent a possible novel mechanism for the protective action of adiponectin.
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Gonzalez-Gil AM, Elizondo-Montemayor L. The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1899. [PMID: 32604889 PMCID: PMC7353393 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an effective strategy for preventing and treating obesity and its related cardiometabolic disorders, resulting in significant loss of body fat mass, white adipose tissue browning, redistribution of energy substrates, optimization of global energy expenditure, enhancement of hypothalamic circuits that control appetite-satiety and energy expenditure, and decreased systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. Novel exercise-inducible soluble factors, including myokines, hepatokines, and osteokines, and immune cytokines and adipokines are hypothesized to play an important role in the body's response to exercise. To our knowledge, no review has provided a comprehensive integrative overview of these novel molecular players and the mechanisms involved in the redistribution of metabolic fuel during and after exercise, the loss of weight and fat mass, and reduced inflammation. In this review, we explain the potential role of these exercise-inducible factors, namely myokines, such as irisin, IL-6, IL-15, METRNL, BAIBA, and myostatin, and hepatokines, in particular selenoprotein P, fetuin A, FGF21, ANGPTL4, and follistatin. We also describe the function of osteokines, specifically osteocalcin, and of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. We also emphasize an integrative overview of the pleiotropic mechanisms, the metabolic pathways, and the inter-organ crosstalk involved in energy expenditure, fat mass loss, reduced inflammation, and healthy weight induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Gonzalez-Gil
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza Garcia P.C. 66278, Mexico
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Implications of Skeletal Muscle Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Metabolic Disorders: Diabetes Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113845. [PMID: 32481704 PMCID: PMC7312063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) provides a scaffold for cells, controlling biological processes and providing structural as well as mechanical support to surrounding cells. Disruption of ECM homeostasis results in several pathological conditions. Skeletal muscle ECM is a complex network comprising collagens, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and elastin. Recent therapeutic approaches targeting ECM remodeling have been extensively deliberated. Various ECM components are typically found to be augmented in the skeletal muscle of obese and/or diabetic humans. Skeletal muscle ECM remodeling is thought to be a feature of the pathogenic milieu allied with metabolic dysregulation, obesity, and eventual diabetes. This narrative review explores the current understanding of key components of skeletal muscle ECM and their specific roles in the regulation of metabolic diseases. Additionally, we discuss muscle-specific integrins and their role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. A better understanding of the importance of skeletal muscle ECM remodeling, integrin signaling, and other factors that regulate insulin activity may help in the development of novel therapeutics for managing diabetes and other metabolic disorders.
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Shabani M, Sadeghi A, Hosseini H, Teimouri M, Babaei Khorzoughi R, Pasalar P, Meshkani R. Resveratrol alleviates obesity-induced skeletal muscle inflammation via decreasing M1 macrophage polarization and increasing the regulatory T cell population. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3791. [PMID: 32123188 PMCID: PMC7052230 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol was reported to inhibit inflammatory responses; however, the role of this polyphenol in obesity-induced skeletal muscle inflammation remains unknown. Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) were treated with resveratrol for 16 weeks. Resveratrol treatment decreased macrophage infiltration into skeletal muscle of HFD-fed mice. Resveratrol also led to the polarization of macrophages to the M2 direction, as well as decreasing the expression of a number of M1 pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)]. In addition, increased infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) was found following resveratrol treatment in skeletal muscle of mice. Decreased intramyocellular lipid deposition was associated with reduced expression levels of toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in resveratrol treated mice. We also found that diminished inflammation in skeletal muscle following resveratrol treatment was accompanied by increasing phosphorylation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreasing phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Taken together, these findings suggest that resveratrol ameliorates inflammation in skeletal muscle of HFD-induced model of obesity. Therefore, resveratrol might represent a potential treatment for attenuation of inflammation in skeletal muscle tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseini
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Maryam Teimouri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Babaei Khorzoughi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Parvin Pasalar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R., Iran.
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Ferreira MDR, Oliva ME, Aiassa V, D'Alessandro ME. Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seed improves skeletal muscle lipotoxicity and insulin sensitivity in rats fed a sucrose-rich diet by modulating intramuscular lipid metabolism. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease which may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The prevalence of sarcopenia, which is the loss of muscle mass and strength, is increasing in the aging society. Recent studies reported the relationship between NAFLD and sarcopenia. The skeletal muscle is the primary organ for glucose disposal. Loss of muscle mass can cause insulin resistance, which is an important risk factor for NAFLD. Moreover, obesity, chronic low-grade inflammation, vitamin D deficiency, physical inactivity, hepatokines, and myokines might be involved in the pathophysiologic mechanism of sarcopenia and NAFLD. Although most of the previous studies have demonstrated the positive correlation between sarcopenia and NAFLD, the difference in diagnostic methods of sarcopenia and NAFLD leads to difficulties in interpretation and application. This review discusses the concept and diagnosis of sarcopenia and NAFLD, common pathophysiology, and clinical studies linking sarcopenia to NAFLD. The presentation of the association between sarcopenia and NAFLD may provide an opportunity to prevent the deterioration of fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung A Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Guro-Dong, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Guro-Dong, Guro-Gu, Seoul, 08308, South Korea.
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Wilhelmsen A, Mallinson J, Jones R, Cooper S, Taylor T, Tsintzas K. Chronic effects of high-intensity interval training on postprandial lipemia in healthy men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1763-1771. [PMID: 31622161 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00131.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the chronic (≥72 h postexercise) effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on postprandial lipemia and metabolic markers in healthy volunteers. Eight physically active young men (mean ± SD: age 22 ± 3 yr, height 1.77 ± 0.07 m, body mass 67.7 ± 6.2 kg) underwent two 6-h mixed-meal tolerance tests and resting vastus lateralis muscle biopsies before the first session and ≥72 h after the final session of 4 wk of HIIT [16 sessions in total; 10 × 60-s bouts of cycling at 90% maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max), interspersed with 60-s intervals at 45% V̇o2max]. Arterialized and deep venous blood samples from across the forearm, brachial artery blood flow measurements, and whole-body indirect calorimetry data were obtained before, and at regular intervals for 6 h after, consumption of a standardized mixed meal. The main findings revealed that, when assessed ≥72 h postexercise, postprandial free fatty acid (FFA) uptake across the forearm was increased in response to exercise training (P = 0.025). However, 4 wk of HIIT did not alter fasting or postprandial circulating triglyceride concentrations or their tissue uptake, despite a 10.2% ± 7.7% improvement in V̇o2max (P = 0.004). Protein content of adipose triglyceride lipase in the vastus lateralis at rest was reduced by 25% ± 21% (P = 0.01). Collectively, these findings suggest that 4 wk of HIIT enhances postprandial clearance of FFA when assessed ≥72 h postexercise but does not confer persisting (training) adaptations in postprandial triglyceridemia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY When assessed ≥72 h after the last exercise session, 4 wk of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) did not improve triglyceridemia but enhanced free fatty acid uptake into muscle with a concurrent reduction in skeletal muscle adipose triglyceride lipase protein content. This suggests that previously reported acute reductions in postprandial triglyceridemia following a single bout of HIIT do not translate to sustained improvements after 4 wk of HIIT, supporting the concept of frequent exercise for the maintenance of lipemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wilhelmsen
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne Mallinson
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Jones
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Scott Cooper
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Taylor
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kostas Tsintzas
- MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Nielsen MH, Sabaratnam R, Pedersen AJT, Højlund K, Handberg A. Acute Exercise Increases Plasma Levels of Muscle-Derived Microvesicles Carrying Fatty Acid Transport Proteins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:4804-4814. [PMID: 30933285 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Microvesicles (MVs) are a class of membrane particles shed by any cell in the body in physiological and pathological conditions. They are considered to be key players in intercellular communication, and with a molecular content reflecting the composition of the cell of origin, they have recently emerged as a promising source of biomarkers in a number of diseases. OBJECTIVE The effects of acute exercise on the plasma concentration of skeletal muscle-derived MVs (SkMVs) carrying metabolically important membrane proteins were examined. PARTICIPANTS Thirteen men with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 14 healthy male controls with obesity exercised on a cycle ergometer for 60 minutes. INTERVENTIONS Muscle biopsies and blood samples-obtained before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 3 hours into recovery-were collected for the analysis of long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) transport proteins CD36 (a scavenger receptor class B protein) and fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) mRNA content in muscle and for flow cytometric studies on circulating SkMVs carrying either LCFA transport protein. RESULTS Besides establishing a flow cytometric approach for the detection of circulating SkMVs and subpopulations carrying either CD36 or FATP4 and thereby adding proof to their existence, we demonstrated an overall exercise-induced change of SkMVs carrying these LCFA transport proteins. A positive correlation between exercise-induced changes in skeletal muscle CD36 mRNA expression and concentrations of SkMVs carrying CD36 was found in T2DM only. CONCLUSIONS This approach could add important real-time information about the abundance of LCFA transport proteins present on activated muscle cells in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rugivan Sabaratnam
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Andreas James Thestrup Pedersen
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Section of Molecular Diabetes and Metabolism, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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