1
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Lacy B, Rivera M, Flores L, Rahman MS. Combined effects of high temperature and pesticide mixture exposure on free-swimming behaviors and hepatic cytochrome P450 1A expression in goldfish, Carassius auratus. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:144-165. [PMID: 36756740 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2174463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The synergy between multiple compounds and other stressors, including heat, creates volatility and greater unpredictability than standard single-chemical toxicity testing, especially in the case of pesticides and metabolites which might contain several noxious ingredients resulting in adverse ecological effects. To address this, the aim of this study was to examine the dose- and time-dependent effects of low- and high-dose pesticide mixture (metalachlor, linuron, isoproturon, tebucanazole, aclonifen, atrazine, pendimethalin, azinphos-methyl) and heat stress co-exposure (22°C control/32°C treatment for 4-week) on free-swimming behaviors and cumulative actionless time (CAT) of goldfish. Behavioral analysis showed a dose- and time-dependent decrease in distance swam, as well as a subsequent increase in CAT. Vertical and horizontal spatial behavioral use were affected under heat and pesticides co-exposure conditions. In 3- and 4-week(s) exposure groups, horizontal spatial behavioral use demonstrated elevated time spent in the lower third of the aquarium. Similarly, during 3- and 4-week(s) exposure (32°C control and 32°C high doses) vertical spatial behavioral use was found to increase time spent in the outermost edges of the aquarium. In all treatment groups, the final condition factor (KM) showed significant attenuation when compared to the initial KM. However, there was an unclear relationship between heat/pesticide co-exposure and growth most notably in 32°C high-dose groups. In addition, the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 1A mRNA was significantly higher in pesticide-exposed groups. Taken together, data demonstrated that co-exposure with low- or high-dose pesticide mixture and heat stress significantly impacted natural swimming patterns, which over time might result in the broader population and ecological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Lacy
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Michelle Rivera
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Leinady Flores
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Md Saydur Rahman
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
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2
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Das S, Ouddane B, Souissi S. Responses of the copepod Eurytemora affinis to trace metal exposure: A candidate for sentinel to marine sediment resuspension effects. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113854. [PMID: 35772260 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Our study reports the ability of Eurytemora affinis to indicate certain responses in 96 h when exposed to resuspended sediment from a polluted site (PS, Seine estuary, France), less polluted site (LPS, Canche estuary, France) and dissolved trace metals. Mortality from dissolved trace metal was highest (57.5 %) followed by PS (38.59 %) > LPS (24.04 %). The exposure to PS sediment resulted in significantly lower no. of early larval stage (nauplii < 2), sex-ratio (39.24 % of males) and higher ovigerous female (>10). Eurytemora affinis bioaccumulated high concentrations of copper (27.3 mg/kg), nickel (12.8 mg/kg), lead (21.8 mg/kg) and arsenic (13.7 mg/kg) from PS exposure with significantly lower bioaccumulation of metals from LPS. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) was highest from dissolved toxicity (>2000) followed by PS that showed significantly higher BCF for Nickel and Copper, compared to LPS. The responses of E. affinis to different matrices exemplify its role as a sentinel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagnika Das
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187-LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516-LASIRE - Equipe Physico-chimie de l'Environnement, Bâtiment C8, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sami Souissi
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, IRD, UMR 8187-LOG - Laboratoire d'Océanologie et de Géosciences, Station marine de Wimereux, F-59000 Lille, France.
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3
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Laurent J, Lavergne E, Couteau J, Le Floch S, Ouddane B, Cachot J, Davail B, Clérandeau C, Devin S, Fisson C, Devaux A, Amara R, Diop M, Pichereau V, Laroche J. Impacts of chemical stress, season, and climate change on the flounder population of the highly anthropised Seine estuary (France). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:59751-59769. [PMID: 35391645 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to improve our knowledge on the responses of fish populations to multistress (diffuse pollution and warming waters) in estuaries. Adult flounders were caught in two estuaries in the Eastern English Channel: the heavily polluted Seine estuary vs the moderately contaminated Canche estuary. Fish samplings were conducted in January just before the reproduction period, and in July when gonads were at rest. The overall rise in coastal winter water temperatures detected over the Channel impairs the flounder's phenology of reproduction in the two estuaries, inducing a delay of maturation process and probably also spawning. The higher liver histopathology index in Seine vs Canche could be the consequence of the fish exposition to a complex cocktail of contaminants in a strongly industrialized estuary. Higher levels of neurotoxicity, gill lipid peroxidation, and liver EROD activity were observed in Seine vs Canche. Furthermore, a possible impairment in mitochondrial metabolism was suggested in the Seine flounder population. We confirmed in this study the potential role of two membrane lipids (sphingomyelin and phosphatidylserine) in the resistance towards oxidative stress in Seine and Canche. Finally, we suggest that the Seine flounder population (and possibly the connected Eastern English Channel flounder populations over the French Coast) could be seriously impacted in the future by multistress: higher winter temperatures and chemical contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Laurent
- LEMAR UMR 6539, CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Edouard Lavergne
- LEMAR UMR 6539, CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Jérôme Couteau
- TOXEM, 12 rue des 4 saisons, 76290, Montivilliers, France
| | | | - Baghdad Ouddane
- LASIRE UMR 8516 CNRS, Equipe Physico-Chimie de L'Environnement, Université de Lille, Bâtiment C8, Bureau 105, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Jérôme Cachot
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC UMR 5805 CNRS, Bâtiment B2, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Blandine Davail
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC UMR 5805 CNRS, Bâtiment B2, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Christelle Clérandeau
- Université de Bordeaux, EPOC UMR 5805 CNRS, Bâtiment B2, Allée Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, CS 50023, 33615, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Simon Devin
- Université de Lorraine, LIEC UMR 7360 CNRS, Campus Bridoux, Bâtiment IBISE, rue Claude Bernard, 57070, Metz, France
| | - Cédric Fisson
- GIP Seine-Aval, Hangar C - Espace des Marégraphes, CS 41174, 76176, Rouen Cedex 1, France
| | - Alain Devaux
- ENTPE, LEHNA UMR 5023, USC INRAE 1369, 3 rue Maurice Audin, 69120, Vaulx en Velin, France
| | - Rachid Amara
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie Et de Géosciences, 32 Avenue du Maréchal Foch, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Mamadou Diop
- Université Littoral Côte d'Opale, Université Lille, CNRS, UMR 8187, LOG, Laboratoire d'Océanologie Et de Géosciences, 32 Avenue du Maréchal Foch, 62930, Wimereux, France
| | - Vianney Pichereau
- LEMAR UMR 6539, CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Jean Laroche
- LEMAR UMR 6539, CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de La Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, rue Dumont d'Urville, 29280, Plouzané, France.
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4
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Muñoz-Peñuela M, Moreira RG, Gomes ADO, Tolussi CE, Branco GS, Pinheiro JPS, Zampieri RA, Lo Nostro FL. Neurotoxic, biotransformation, oxidative stress and genotoxic effects in Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei, Characiformes) males exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of diclofenac and/or caffeine. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103821. [PMID: 35093559 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated neurotoxic, biotransformation, genotoxic and antioxidant responses to relevant environmental concentrations of diclofenac (0.4 μg L-1) and caffeine (27.5 μg L-1), separate and combined, in adult males of the freshwater fish Astyanax altiparanae after a subchronic exposure (14 days). Fish exposed to diclofenac and caffeine, both separate and combined, revealed a neurotoxic effect through the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the muscle, while diclofenac alone and in combination caused cyclooxygenase inhibition. Caffeine alone produces genotoxicity on this species but, when combined with diclofenac, it potentiates hepatic lipoperoxidation and the inhibition of oxidative stress enzymes, while diclofenac alone or in combination produces a general inhibition of important enzymes. This study suggests that aquatic contamination produced by these pharmaceuticals has the potential to affect homeostasis and locomotion in A. altiparanae and compromise their immune system and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Muñoz-Peñuela
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Dal Olio Gomes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giovana Souza Branco
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Andrade Zampieri
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Laura Lo Nostro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática and IBBEA, CONICET-UBA. Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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5
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Yu W, Xue Z, Zhao X, Zhang R, Liu J, Guo S. Glyphosate-induced GhAG2 is involved in resistance to salt stress in cotton. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1131-1145. [PMID: 35243542 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02844-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The transcription of GhAG2 was strongly enhanced by glyphosate treatment. Overexpression of GhAG2 could improve plant tolerance to salt and salicylic acid stress. Although glyphosate has been widely used as an herbicide over the past decade owing to its high efficacy on weed controls and worldwide commercialization of glyphosate-resistant crops, little is known about the glyphosate-induced responses and transcriptional changes in cotton plants. Here, we report the identification of 26 differentially expressed genes after glyphosate treatment, among which, six highly up-regulated sequences share homology to cotton expressed sequence tags (ESTs) responsive to abiotic stresses. In addition, we cloned GhAG2, a gene whose transcription was strongly enhanced by glyphosate treatment and other abiotic stresses. Transgenic GhAG2 plants showed improved tolerance to salt, and salicylic acid (SA) stress. The results could open the door to exploring the function of the GhAG2 proteins, the glyphosate-induced transcriptional profiles, and the physiological biochemical responses in cotton and other crops. GhAG2 could also be used to improve salt stress tolerance through breeding and biotechnology in crops. Furthermore, these results could provide guidelines to develop a glyphosate-inducible system for controlled expression of targeted genes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wancong Yu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384, China
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xianzheng Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jiping Liu
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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6
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Muñoz-Peñuela M, Lo Nostro FL, Dal'Olio Gomes A, Tolussi CE, Branco GS, Pinheiro JPS, Godoi FGAD, Moreira RG. Diclofenac and caffeine inhibit hepatic antioxidant enzymes in the freshwater fish Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei: Characiformes). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108910. [PMID: 33045363 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Although concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds in aquatic ecosystems are low, they can cause toxic effects on organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, and caffeine (CAF), a central nervous system stimulant, both alone or combined, in Astyanax altiparanae males under acute exposure (96 h), measuring neurotoxicity biomarkers, antioxidant response and damage at biochemical and cellular levels. DCF concentration in water, separated and combined, was 3.08 mg L-1 and that of CAF was 9.59 mg L-1. To assess neurotoxicity, brain and muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were measured. To evaluate oxidative stress, the enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST), as well as lipoperoxidation (LPO), were analyzed in liver and gills. Activity of hepatic cyclooxygenase (COX) was also evaluated. Genotoxicity was assessed in blood using comet assay and micronucleus test, as well as nuclear abnormalities. DCF and CAF, alone or combined, had neither effect on AChE activity, nor in the activity of SOD, CAT, GPx and GST in gills. In liver, DCF inhibited SOD and GPx activity, CAF inhibited CAT activity, the mixture inhibited SOD and GST activity; although only fish exposed to CAF showed increased hepatic LPO. Under these experimental conditions, no effect on COX activity was observed, nor cytotoxic and genotoxic damage. The most pronounced effects were caused by the drugs separately, since both compounds altered the enzymes, but only CAF triggered LPO, showing more harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Muñoz-Peñuela
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fabiana Laura Lo Nostro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática y IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Aline Dal'Olio Gomes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giovana Souza Branco
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Silva Pinheiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Filipe Guilherme Andrade de Godoi
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Fisiologia, Laboratório de Metabolismo e Reprodução de Organismos Aquáticos, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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An Integrated Biomarker Approach Using Flounder to Improve Chemical Risk Assessments in the Heavily Polluted Seine Estuary. J Xenobiot 2020; 10:14-35. [PMID: 33397836 PMCID: PMC7792928 DOI: 10.3390/jox10020004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop an integrative approach in ecotoxicology (from biomarkers to population genetics) to assess the ecological status of fish populations. Flounders (Platichthys flesus) collected after the spawning season in the heavily polluted Seine estuary were compared with the moderately polluted Bay of Douarnenez. The muscle energetic reserves were highly depleted in Seine vs. Douarnenez fish. The Seine fish displaying a reduced capacity to manage the oxidative stress and a higher energetic metabolism. An increase in the content of muscle membrane phospholipids (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylserine, free sterols) was detected in the Seine vs. Douarnenez fish. The data integration allowed to hypothesize relationships between membrane phospholipids, xenobiotic metabolism, bioenergetics, and antioxidant defence. The genetic diversity considering neutral markers was maintained in the heavily polluted Seine population compared with the Douarnenez population. Finally, we suggest that the high physiological cost of tolerance to toxicants in the Seine flounder population could compromise its capacity to respond in the future to an additional stressor like warming waters in shallow depth. Thus, this population could be submitted to an ecological risk.
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8
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Pinheiro JPS, Assis CBD, Muñoz-Peñuela M, Barbosa Júnior F, Correia TG, Moreira RG. Water temperature and acid pH influence the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aluminum in the freshwater teleost Astyanax altiparanae (Teleostei: Characidae). CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:266-274. [PMID: 30590293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of metals, including aluminum (Al), can be potentiated by temperature and acid pH, a concern in view of the current global warming scenario. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioconcentration of Al in the testes and semen of Astyanax altiparanae and the potential of this metal, at different environmental temperatures and acid pH, to cause cytotoxicity and genotocixity in erythrocytes and spermatozoa. A. altiparanae males were divided into nine experimental groups: at each of three different water temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C), the fish were exposed to a neutral pH, an acid pH and acidic water containing Al (0.5 mg.L-1). The fish were subjected to subacute, semi-static exposure and sampled at 24 and 96 h. After each exposure period the comet assay (blood and semen) and micronucleus test (blood) were performed. Bioconcentration of Al was evaluated in the testes and semen. Exposure time and temperature influenced the Al bioconcentration pattern in the testes. Al concentration in the semen was higher in fish exposed at 20 and 25 °C (24 h). The DNA fragmentation score for the semen and blood was higher in fish exposed to Al at 20 (24 h) and 30 °C (96 h). The frequency of nuclear abnormalities in erythrocytes was higher in the group exposed to Al at 30 °C (96 h). It was concluded that Al bioconcentrates in the testes and semen of A. altiparanae at different temperatures and is potentially cytotoxic and genotoxic to erythrocytes and spermatozoa in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Silva Pinheiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Cecília Bertacini de Assis
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Muñoz-Peñuela
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Barbosa Júnior
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto (FCFRP), Café Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Gabriel Correia
- Universidade Federal do Amapá, Biological Sciences Course, Juscelino Kubitschek Highway, Km 02 - Jardim Marco Zero, Macapá, AP, Brazil.
| | - Renata Guimarães Moreira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Institute of Biosciences, Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Metabolism and Reproduction of Aquatic Organisms - LAMEROA; Matão Street, 14 lane, number 101 - room 220, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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9
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Kopko O, Dabrowska H. Variability of biological indices, biomarkers, and organochlorine contaminants in flounder (Platichthys flesus) in the Gulf of Gdańsk, southern Baltic Sea. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 194:701-713. [PMID: 29247930 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Biological indices, biomarkers (EROD activity, DNA SB, 1-OH pyrene), and organochlorine contaminants were investigated in flounder collected in the Gulf of Gdańsk during March-December 2011 to describe their seasonal variability and interrelations. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used to evaluate the relations. The EROD activity positively correlated with DNA SB, both negatively correlated with CF, GSI, and HSI, and there was a moderate positive correlation for EROD and DNA SB with 1-OH pyrene. EROD highest activity corresponded to a resting stage of gonad development. DNA SB, highest during spawning, gradually decreased until late autumn. The PCBs, DDTs, HCB, HCHs, dieldrin, and heptachlor levels in muscle tissue were quantified on a wet and lipid basis. In each case, their levels decreased after spawning, fluctuated over the study period indicating that their accumulation was pronouncedly controlled by chemical-specific properties, their levels in prey, and lipid dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orest Kopko
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), Gdynia, Poland
| | - Henryka Dabrowska
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), Gdynia, Poland.
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10
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Borcier E, Charrier G, Amérand A, Théron M, Loizeau V, Pédron N, Laroche J. Bioenergetic Transcriptomic Responses of European Flounder ( Platichthys Flesus) Populations in Contrasted Environments: Impacts of Pollution and Global Warming. J Xenobiot 2016; 6:6586. [PMID: 30701052 PMCID: PMC6324483 DOI: 10.4081/xeno.2016.6586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Borcier
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France
| | - G Charrier
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France
| | - A Amérand
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, EA 4324, Laboratoire Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques (ORPHY), Brest, France
| | - M Théron
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, EA 4324, Laboratoire Optimisation des Régulations Physiologiques (ORPHY), Brest, France
| | - V Loizeau
- Unité Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie, IFRE-MER, Centre de Brest, Plouzané, France
| | - N Pédron
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France
| | - J Laroche
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR UMR 6539 CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Plouzané, France
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11
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Dupuy C, Galland C, Pichereau V, Sanchez W, Riso R, Labonne M, Amara R, Charrier G, Fournier M, Laroche J. Assessment of the European flounder responses to chemical stress in the English Channel, considering biomarkers and life history traits. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:634-645. [PMID: 25499967 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A multi-biomarker approach was developed to evaluate responses of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) in three contrasted estuaries over the English Channel: the Canche (pristine site), Tamar (heavy metals and PAHs contamination) and Seine (heavily pollution with a complex cocktail of contaminants). The condition factor and several biomarkers of the immune system, antioxidant enzymes, energetic metabolism and detoxification processes were investigated in young-of-the-year (0+) and one-year-old (1+) flounder. Results underlined the difference between the pristine site and the Seine estuary which showed a lower condition factor, a modulation of the immune system, a higher Cytochrome C oxidase activity, and an up-regulation of BHMT expression. The moderate biomarker responses in the Tamar fish could be linked to the specific contamination context of this estuary. Flounder life history traits were analyzed by otolith microchemistry, in order to depict how the fish use their habitat and thus respond to chemical stress in estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célie Dupuy
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier (INRS-IAF), 31 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada.
| | - Claire Galland
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Vianney Pichereau
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Wilfried Sanchez
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques, Pôle "Dangers et impact sur le vivant", Unité d'écotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Parc Technologique ALATA, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Ricardo Riso
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Maylis Labonne
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France; Centre IRD de Bretagne, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Rachid Amara
- Université Lille Nord de France, ULCO LOG, CNRS UMR 8187, F-62930 Wimereux, France
| | - Grégory Charrier
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Michel Fournier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Armand-Frappier (INRS-IAF), 31 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, Québec H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Jean Laroche
- Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, 29280 Plouzané, France
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12
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Galland C, Dupuy C, Loizeau V, Danion M, Auffret M, Quiniou L, Laroche J, Pichereau V. Proteomic analysis of the European flounder Platichthys flesus response to experimental PAH-PCB contamination. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:646-657. [PMID: 25912264 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Platichthys flesus is often used as a sentinel species to monitor the estuarine water quality. In this study, we carried out an experimental contamination of fish using a PAHs/PCBs mixture, which was designed to mimic the concentrations found in the Seine estuary (C1) and 10 times these concentrations (C2). We used a proteomic approach to understand the molecular mechanisms implied in the response of P. flesus to these xenobiotics. We showed that 54 proteins were differentially accumulated in one or several conditions, which 34 displayed accumulation factors higher than two. 18 of these proteins were identified by MALDI TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. The results indicated the deregulation of oxidative stress- and glutathione metabolism-(GST, GPx) proteins as well as of several proteins belonging to the betaine demethylation pathway and the methionine cycle (BHMT, SHMT, SAHH), suggesting a role for these different pathways in the P. flesus response to chemical contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Galland
- Université de Brest, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR, UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Célie Dupuy
- Université de Brest, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR, UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Véronique Loizeau
- Unité de Biogéochimie et Ecotoxicologie, IFREMER, Centre de Brest, BP70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Morgane Danion
- ANSES, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation et de l'environnement et du travail, site de Ploufragan-Plouzané-Technopole Brest Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Michel Auffret
- Université de Brest, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR, UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Louis Quiniou
- Université de Brest, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR, UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Jean Laroche
- Université de Brest, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR, UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Vianney Pichereau
- Université de Brest, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, LEMAR, UMR 6539 UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Lavergne E, Pedron N, Calves I, Claireaux G, Mazurais D, Zambonino-Infante J, Le Bayon N, Cahu C, Laroche J. Does the chronic chemical contamination of a European flounder population decrease its thermal tolerance? MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 95:658-664. [PMID: 25636829 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile flounders (Platichthys flesus), collected in two estuaries with similar temperature regimes (the heavily polluted Seine and the moderately contaminated Vilaine), were submitted to a common garden experiment. After an acclimation period, both populations were challenged by a thermal stress (9-24°C for 15days, then maintenance at 24°C for 19days). The condition factor of the Vilaine fish increased in both conditions, while it decreased for the heated Seine flounders after 34days. The expression of genes related to the energetic metabolism was measured in the liver. The expression levels for ATP-F0 and COII were significantly reduced for heated vs. standard fish from both estuaries, while a decrease of the 12S expression was detected only in heated vs. standard fish from the Seine estuary. Thus, it is suggested that highly contaminated fish from Seine could display a lower tolerance to thermal stress, compared to moderately contaminated fish from Vilaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Lavergne
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France.
| | - Nicolas Pedron
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - Isabelle Calves
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - Guy Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France
| | - David Mazurais
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - José Zambonino-Infante
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - Nicolas Le Bayon
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - Chantal Cahu
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France; Ifremer, Laboratoire d'Adaptation, Reproduction et Nutrition des Poissons ARN, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins PFOM, Plouzané, France
| | - Jean Laroche
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, UMR 6539, CNRS/IRD/UBO/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer IUEM, Plouzané, France
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Uren Webster TM, Santos EM. Global transcriptomic profiling demonstrates induction of oxidative stress and of compensatory cellular stress responses in brown trout exposed to glyphosate and Roundup. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:32. [PMID: 25636363 PMCID: PMC4318436 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup formulations, is the most widely used herbicide worldwide, and as a result contaminates surface waters and has been detected in food residues, drinking water and human urine, raising concerns for potential environmental and human health impacts. Research has shown that glyphosate and Roundup can induce a broad range of biological effects in exposed organisms, particularly via generation of oxidative stress. However, there has been no comprehensive investigation of the global molecular mechanisms of toxicity of glyphosate and Roundup for any species. We aimed to characterise and compare the global mechanisms of toxicity of glyphosate and Roundup in the liver of brown trout (Salmo trutta), an ecologically and economically important vertebrate species, using RNA-seq on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. To do this, we exposed juvenile female brown trout to 0, 0.01, 0.5 and 10 mg/L of glyphosate and Roundup (glyphosate acid equivalent) for 14 days, and sequenced 6 replicate liver samples from each treatment. RESULTS We assembled the brown trout transcriptome using an optimised de novo approach, and subsequent differential expression analysis identified a total of 1020 differentially-regulated transcripts across all treatments. These included transcripts encoding components of the antioxidant system, a number of stress-response proteins and pro-apoptotic signalling molecules. Functional analysis also revealed over-representation of pathways involved in regulating of cell-proliferation and turnover, and up-regulation of energy metabolism and other metabolic processes. CONCLUSIONS These transcriptional changes are consistent with generation of oxidative stress and the widespread induction of compensatory cellular stress response pathways. The mechanisms of toxicity identified were similar across both glyphosate and Roundup treatments, including for environmentally relevant concentrations. The significant alterations in transcript expression observed at the lowest concentrations tested raises concerns for the potential toxicity of this herbicide to fish populations inhabiting contaminated rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsyn M Uren Webster
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Eduarda M Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
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Lin D, Li Y, Zhou Q, Xu Y, Wang D. Effect of triclosan on reproduction, DNA damage and heat shock protein gene expression of the earthworm Eisenia fetida. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2014; 23:1826-1832. [PMID: 25134678 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1320-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is released into the terrestrial environment via the application of sewage sludge and reclaimed water to agricultural land. More attention has been paid to its effect on non-target soil organisms. In the present study, chronic toxic effects of TCS on earthworms at a wide range of concentrations were investigated. The reproduction, DNA damage, and expression levels of heat shock protein (Hsp70) gene of earthworms were studied as toxicity endpoints. The results showed that the reproduction of earthworms were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) after exposure to the concentrations ranges from 50 to 300 mg kg(-1), with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 142.11 mg kg(-1). DNA damage, detected by the comet assay, was observed and there was a clear significant (R(2) = 0.941) relationship between TCS concentrations and DNA damage, with the EC50 value of 8.85 mg kg(-1). The expression levels of Hsp70 gene of earthworms were found to be up-regulated under the experimental conditions. The expression level of hsp70 gene increased, up to about 2.28 folds that in the control at 50 mg kg(-1). The EC50 value based on the Hsp70 biomarker was 1.79 mg kg(-1). Thus, among the three toxicity endpoints, the Hsp70 gene was more sensitive to TCS in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-environmental Quality, Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Agro-environmental Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin, 300191, China
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16
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Dupuy C, Galland C, Devaux A, Bony S, Loizeau V, Danion M, Pichereau V, Fournier M, Laroche J. Responses of the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to a mixture of PAHs and PCBs in experimental conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13789-13803. [PMID: 24504773 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A multibiomarker approach was developed to evaluate the juvenile European flounder responses to a complex mixture of 9 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 12 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Exposure was performed through contaminated food pellets displaying: (1) PAH and PCB levels similar to those detected in the heavily polluted Seine estuary, respectively in sediments and in flatfish and (2) ten times these concentrations. Several biomarkers of the immune system (e.g., lysozyme concentration and gene expression of complement component C3 and TNF-receptor), DNA damage (e.g., Comet assay), energetic metabolism (e.g., activity of cytochrome C oxidase), detoxification process (e.g., cytochrome P450 1A1 expression level: CYP1A1; betaine homocysteine methyl transferase expression level: BHMT) were investigated after 14 and 29 days of contamination, followed by a 14-days recovery period. After 29 days of contamination, the detoxification activity (CYP1A1 expression level) was positively correlated with DNA damages; the increase of the BHMT expression level could also be related to the detoxification process. Furthermore, after the recovery period, some biomarkers were still upregulated (i.e., CYP1A1 and BHMT expression levels). The immune system was significantly modulated by the chemical stress at the two concentration levels, and the lysozyme appeared to be the most sensitive marker of the mixture impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célie Dupuy
- UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Bretagne occidentale, Plouzané, 29280, France,
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17
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Dabrowska H, Kopko O, Góra A, Waszak I, Walkusz-Miotk J. DNA damage, EROD activity, condition indices, and their linkages with contaminants in female flounder (Platichthys flesus) from the southern Baltic Sea. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 496:488-498. [PMID: 25108251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Baltic Sea is considered as one of the marine areas most exposed to human impacts. A variety of chemical contaminants pose a threat to the habitants. Female flounder (Platichthys flesus) collected from three locations in the southern Baltic Sea in February 2010 were examined for biomarkers of exposure to genotoxic agents (DNA damage), AhR-active contaminants (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, EROD activity), and somatic condition indexes. Organochlorine contaminants (OCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were also measured in individual flounder to evaluate the biological responses in the context of contaminant burden. The genotoxicity, mildly exceeding a background level, revealed a significant relationship with mono-ortho substituted PCB (m-oPCB). Hepatic EROD activity was highly induced, yet showed no association with any of the contaminants measured other than biliary 1-OH pyrene normalized to pigment absorbance. Significant negative relationships were observed for lipid-based OCs and the gonado-somatic index (GSI) as well as for Ʃm-oPCB concentrations and the condition factor (CF). Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed an overall connection between somatic condition indexes, biomarkers, and chemical variables. Of the three locations, flounder inhabiting the Gulf of Gdańsk had the greatest contaminant burden and appeared to be the most affected. Of great concern is the reduced GSI in this location which can be attributed to the effects of contaminants and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryka Dabrowska
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), Gdynia, Poland.
| | - Orest Kopko
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), Gdynia, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Góra
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), Gdynia, Poland
| | - Ilona Waszak
- National Marine Fisheries Research Institute (NMFRI), Gdynia, Poland
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Reference gene selection for quantitative real-time RT-PCR normalization in the half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) at different developmental stages, in various tissue types and on exposure to chemicals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91715. [PMID: 24667563 PMCID: PMC3965400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative real time RT-PCR has been described as the most sensitive method for the detection of low abundance mRNA. To date, no reference genes have been screened in the half-smooth tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis). The aim of this study was to select the most stable genes for quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Eight housekeeping genes (18S, TUBA, B2M, ACTB, EF1A, GAPDH, RPL17 and UBCE) were tested at different developmental stages, in different tissues, and following exposure to the drug SB-431542. Using geNorm, BestKeeper and NormFinder software, GAPDH/B2M, GAPDH/18S and UBCE/GAPDH were identified as the most suitable genes from samples taken of different developmental stages while 18S/RPL17 were consistently ranked as the best reference genes for different tissue types. Furthermore, TUBA/B2M, TUBA/UBCE and B2M/TUBA were found to be the most suitable genes in samples treated with the drug, SB-431542 by geNorm, BestKeeper and NormFinder respectively. Across both different developmental stages and tissue types, the combination of 18S and GAPDH was the most stable reference gene analyzed by Ref-Finder. To test and verify the screened reference genes, the expression profiles of LEFTY-normalized to the combination of GAPDH/18S and ACTB were presented. These results will be useful for future gene-expression studies in the half-smooth tongue sole.
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Haberkorn H, Lambert C, Le Goïc N, Quéré C, Bruneau A, Riso R, Auffret M, Soudant P. Cellular and biochemical responses of the oyster Crassostrea gigas to controlled exposures to metals and Alexandrium minutum. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 147:158-167. [PMID: 24418747 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Effects of simultaneous exposure of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, to both a harmful dinoflagellate that produces Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST), Alexandrium minutum, and cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu), were assessed. Oysters were exposed to a mix of Cd-Cu with two different diets (i.e. A. minutum or Tisochrysis lutea) and compared to control oysters fed A. minutum or T. lutea, respectively, without metal addition. Metals and PST accumulations, digestive gland lipid composition, and cellular and biochemical hemolymph variables were measured after 4 days of exposure. Oysters exposed to Cd-Cu accumulated about thirty-six times less PSTs than oysters exposed to A. minutum alone. Exposure to Cd-Cu induced significant changes in neutral lipids (increase in diacylglycerol - DAG - and decrease in sterols) and phospholipids (decreases in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, cardiolipin and ceramide aminoethylphosphonate) of digestive gland suggesting that lipid metabolism disruptions and/or lipid peroxidation have occurred. Simultaneously, concentrations, percentages of dead cells and phenoloxidase activity of hemocytes increased in oysters exposed to metals while reactive oxygen species production of hemocytes decreased. Feeding on the harmful dinoflagellate A. minutum resulted in significant decreases in monoacylglycerol (MAG) and DAG and ether glycerides (EG), as well as significant increases in hemocyte concentration and phagocytic activity as compared to oysters fed T. lutea. Finally, the present study revealed that short-term, simultaneous exposure to Cd-Cu and A. minutum may induce antagonistic (i.e. hemocyte concentration and phagocytosis) or synergic (i.e. DAG content in digestive gland) effects upon cellular and tissular functions in oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansy Haberkorn
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Place Copernic, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Christophe Lambert
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Place Copernic, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Nelly Le Goïc
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Place Copernic, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Claudie Quéré
- IFREMER Centre de Brest, Laboratoire de Physiologie des Invertébrés, Unité Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Audrey Bruneau
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Place Copernic, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Ricardo Riso
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Place Copernic, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Michel Auffret
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Place Copernic, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France
| | - Philippe Soudant
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin, UMR 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Place Copernic, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Kerambrun E, Henry F, Cornille V, Courcot L, Amara R. A combined measurement of metal bioaccumulation and condition indices in juvenile European flounder, Platichthys flesus, from European estuaries. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:498-505. [PMID: 23332875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Condition indices and metal bioaccumulation of early life stages of juvenile flounder (5-10 cm) were determined in three anthropogenic estuaries (the Scheldt, Seine and Loire) and compared to a reference site (the Canche). Significant correlations were found between metal concentrations in sediment and (i) fish liver for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn and (ii) fish gills for Cd and Mn. Metal accumulation in juvenile flounder from the three anthropogenic estuaries coincided with significantly lower Fulton's K indices (from 0.99 ± 0.03 to 1.06 ± 0.01 mg mm(-3)) compared to those from the Canche estuary (from 1.02 ± 0.01 to 1.13 ± 0.01 mg mm(-3)). This discrepancy in fish condition index increased with fish size and therefore, strongly depends on the time juvenile spend in estuary. Muscle lipid contents and Triacylglycerol to Sterol ratios were significantly lower in fish collected in the Scheldt (lipid content: 21.3 ± 3.6%), Seine (17.9 ± 19.8%) and Loire (19.5 ± 2.4%) estuaries compared to those originating from the Canche (38.3 ± 4.6%). This study highlights that combined measures of both fish metal contents and condition indices gives a relevant assessment of juvenile fish health growing in anthropogenic estuaries.
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Larsen PF, Nielsen EE, Hansen MM, Wang T, Meier K, Pertoldi C, Loeschcke V. Tissue specific haemoglobin gene expression suggests adaptation to local marine conditions in North Sea flounder (Platichthys flesus L.). Genes Genomics 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-013-0101-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Evrard E, Devaux A, Bony S, Cachot J, Charrier G, Quiniou L, Laroche J. Responses of juvenile European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to multistress in the Vilaine estuary, during a 6-month survey. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:676-689. [PMID: 22945659 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1138-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Physiological and genetic responses of age 0+ Platichthys flesus were investigated in the eutrophicated and moderately contaminated Vilaine estuary, during a 6-month survey. The main objective of this study was to explore the biological responses of fishes during their juvenile period in an estuarine system in order to detect a possible selective pressure induced by the environmental stress. Our results showed a general convergence in physiological responses along the survey: an increase in genotoxicity was associated with an increase in mRNA expression of ATPase and betaine homocysteine methyltransferase. These results could suggest an increase of cellular damage, energetic request, and detoxification rate related to the growing exposure time to stress. Considering the aging of the cohort, the genetic characteristics of the Vilaine flounder cohort came closer to the one observed in a highly stressed system, the Seine estuary, suggesting a potential selective pressure mainly induced by the chemical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estérine Evrard
- CEDRE, rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, 29218 Brest Cedex 2, France
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Laroche J, Gauthier O, Quiniou L, Devaux A, Bony S, Evrard E, Cachot J, Chérel Y, Larcher T, Riso R, Pichereau V, Devier MH, Budzinski H. Variation patterns in individual fish responses to chemical stress among estuaries, seasons and genders: the case of the European flounder (Platichthys flesus) in the Bay of Biscay. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:738-748. [PMID: 23138562 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective was to describe and model variation patterns in individual fish responses to contaminants among estuaries, season and gender. Two hundred twenty-seven adult European flounders were collected in two seasons (winter and summer) in four estuaries along the Bay of Biscay (South West France), focusing on a pristine system (the Ster), vs. three estuaries displaying contrasted levels of contaminants (the Vilaine, Loire and Gironde). Twenty-three variables were measured by fish, considering the load of contaminants (liver metals, liver and muscle persistent organic pollutants, muscle polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons); the gene expression (Cyt C oxydase, ATPase, BHMT, Cyt P450 1A1, ferritin); the blood genotoxicity (Comet test); and liver histology (foci of cellular alteration-tumour, steatosis, inflammation, abnormal glycogen storage). Canonical redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to model these variables using gender, season and estuary of origin as explanatory variables. The results underlined the homogeneity of fish responses within the pristine site (Ster) and more important seasonal variability within the three contaminated systems. The complete model RDA was significant and explained 35 % of total variance. Estuary and season respectively explained 30 and 5 % of the total independent variation components, whilst gender was not a significant factor. The first axis of the RDA explains nearly 27 % of the total variance and mostly represents a gradient of contamination. The links between the load of contaminants, the expression of several genes and the biomarkers were analysed considering different levels of chemical stress and a possible multi-stress, particularly in the Vilaine estuary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Laroche
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, UMR 6539 CNRS/UBO/IRD/Ifremer, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Maruya KA, Vidal-Dorsch DE, Bay SM, Kwon JW, Xia K, Armbrust KL. Organic contaminants of emerging concern in sediments and flatfish collected near outfalls discharging treated wastewater effluent to the Southern California Bight. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:2683-2688. [PMID: 22987513 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the occurrence and bioaccumulation of organic contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) near four major wastewater ocean outfalls in the Southern California Bight, more than 75 pharmaceutical and personal care products, current-use pesticides, and industrial/commercial chemicals were analyzed in sediment and liver tissues of hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis) using gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Although most CECs targeted were infrequently detected or not detectable, triclosan, 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) and bis(2-ethylhexylphthalate) were detected in all sediments at median (maximum) concentrations of 5.1 (8.6), 30 (380), and 121 (470) µg/kg, respectively. In the liver, 4-NP and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners 47 and 99 were detected in >90% of samples at median (maximum) concentrations of 85 (290) and 210 (480) µg/kg, respectively. The sedative diazepam was detected in all liver samples, but was infrequently detected in sediments. Sediment and liver concentrations across outfall locations ranged over several orders of magnitude and were elevated relative to a reference site. Relative to sediment, accumulation in liver of PBDEs 47 and 99 was comparable to that for legacy organochlorines, confirming their high bioaccumulation potential and suggesting their inclusion in future tissue monitoring studies. Mean tissue PBDE and diazepam concentrations were higher in livers from male versus female P. verticalis, suggesting that gender differences also be considered in designing such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Maruya
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA.
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Bay SM, Vidal-Dorsch DE, Schlenk D, Kelley KM, Maruya KA, Gully JR. Integrated coastal effects study: synthesis of findings. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2012; 31:2711-2722. [PMID: 22987611 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater discharges constitute a major source of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) to coastal waters, yet uncertainty exists regarding their linkage to adverse biological effects such as endocrine disruption. Limited information is available concerning the types and fate of CECs discharged to the Southern California Bight (SCB) from municipal wastewater and their potential for ecological impacts. The present study investigated the impacts of CECs from ocean wastewater discharges on SCB fish. Concentrations of CECs were measured in effluents from four major municipal wastewater dischargers. Seawater, sediment, and hornyhead turbot (Pleuronichthys verticalis) from the discharge sites and a reference area were collected and analyzed for chemical and biological indicators. Low concentrations of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and industrial and commercial compounds were measured in effluent. Some CECs were also detected in sediment, seawater, and fish livers near the outfalls, confirming exposure to CECs. Fish plasma hormone analyses suggested the presence of physiological effects, including a reduced stress response, altered estrogen synthesis or estrogenic exposure, and reduced thyroxine. Most fish responses were found at all sites and could not be directly associated with effluent discharges. However, concentrations of thyroxine were lower at all discharge sites relative to the reference, and estradiol concentrations were lower at three of the four outfall sites. The physiological responses found were not associated with adverse impacts on fish reproduction or populations. Interpretation of molecular and physiological measurements in field organisms such as those used in the present study is challenging because of a lack of information on baseline conditions and uncertain linkages to apical endpoints such as survival and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Bay
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA.
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David E, Tanguy A, Riso R, Quiniou L, Laroche J, Moraga D. Responses of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas populations to abiotic stress in environmentally contrasted estuaries along the Atlantic coast of France. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 109:70-79. [PMID: 22204990 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2011.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Revised: 11/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and ecophysiological responses of oyster, Crassostrea gigas, populations to environmental stress were investigated in three highly contaminated French estuaries (the Gironde, Loire and Vilaine) and compared to a control, the Belon estuary. A strong response in both metallothionein CgMT4 mRNA expression, as determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and amount of protein, as determined by ELISA tests, was demonstrated in estuarine populations subjected to differential contamination, with an inhibition in the area most highly contaminated with metals. In these same estuarine populations, we found polymorphisms of the metallothionein CgMT4 gene and three other genes (glutamine synthetase--GS, delta-9 desaturase--D9 and phosphoglucomutase--PGM) involved in stress response of C. gigas. We showed that genetic differentiation was observed for MT4 and PGM genes in the Gironde estuary which is highly contaminated with metals. A strong seasonal effect was observed. Phenotype-genotype coupling revealed that one particular MT4 allele and one PGM allele seemed to be associated with metal sensitivity expressed as lower detoxification efficiency and higher metal bioaccumulation. The MT4 gene is a good physiological and genetic marker of stress response and susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise David
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), UMR-CNRS 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzané, France.
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Henry F, Filipuci I, Billon G, Courcot L, Kerambrun E, Amara R. Metal concentrations, growth and condition indices in European juvenile flounder (Platichthys flesus) relative to sediment contamination levels in four Eastern English Channel estuaries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 14:3211-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2em30765k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Evrard E, Marchand J, Theron M, Pichavant-Rafini K, Durand G, Quiniou L, Laroche J. Impacts of mixtures of herbicides on molecular and physiological responses of the European flounder Platichthys flesus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2010; 152:321-31. [PMID: 20566314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of pesticides results in a growing contamination of the aquatic environment. The effects of (1) a simple mixture of a glyphosate-based formulation and AMPA (Aminomethylphosphonic acid--a primary metabolite of glyphosate) and of (2) a more complex mixture of herbicides (glyphosate/AMPA/mecoprop/acetochlor/2,4D) were explored on the molecular and physiological responses of the European flounder Platichthys flesus, considering a long-term and environmentally realistic contamination. Molecular responses were identified using suppression subtractive hybridization on liver samples: the level of gene transcription was significantly different between contaminated fishes vs control ones for 532 sequences, after a 62-day contamination. Among them, 222 sequences were identified by homology with data-based sequences; they encoded several metabolic pathways including: methionine and lipid metabolism, immunity, protein regulation, coagulation and energetic metabolism. Expression pattern of nine transcripts in the liver was confirmed by real-time PCR. The molecular study underlined that potential markers of liver injury were expressed for both mixtures, in particular betaine homocysteine methyl transferase and chemotaxin. Physiological responses were analysed considering blood parameters and condition factor; after the two months contamination period; no significant physiological difference was detected between contaminated and control fish.
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Marchand J, Evrard E, Guinand B, Cachot J, Quiniou L, Laroche J. Genetic polymorphism and its potential relation to environmental stress in five populations of the European flounder Platichthys flesus, along the French Atlantic coast. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2010; 70:201-209. [PMID: 20621770 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Revised: 05/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, new DNA markers were explored for the flounder Platichthys flesus. cDNA and genomic sequences of the genes encoding the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-deshydrogenase (GAPDH), the cytosolic creatine kinase (CK), the prostaglandin D synthase (PGDS) and the betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) were characterized. The tumour suppressor p53 gene structure was already described. A PCR-SSCP (Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism) analysis was finally conducted to study the genetic polymorphism of different populations of flounders collected along the French Atlantic coast. Four highly contaminated French estuaries (Seine, Vilaine, Loire and Gironde) were sampled and compared to a reference estuary (Ster) to explore possible selective effect of the environment on specific allelic frequencies. Our results showed that two loci p53 and PGDS, could be potential markers of chemical stress: p53A allele frequency increased in contaminated systems compared to the reference system. In the Vilaine estuary, PGDS polymorphism could be related to pesticide stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marchand
- Université du Maine, EA 2160 Mer, Molécule, Santé, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Le Mans F-72085, France.
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