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Seiferth C, Fiedler J, Färber T, Pape M, Schroeder S, Herpertz S, Steins-Loeber S, Wolstein J. Bi-directional associations of core affect and physical activity in adults with higher body weight: An ecological momentary assessment study. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:1115-1128. [PMID: 38284358 PMCID: PMC11344957 DOI: 10.1177/13591053241228202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Affect is known to be predictive of and enhanced by higher physical activity (PA) levels in the general population. This secondary analysis aimed to increase the understanding of the bi-directional relationship between PA and core affect (i.e. valence, energetic arousal, and calmness) among adults with higher body weight. Affect and PA were assessed in naturalistic settings via ecological momentary assessment using a mixed sampling scheme from 157 participants (body mass index: 32.99 ± 3.78 kg/m2). Multilevel models revealed that being more physically active in the 15 minutes prior to the assessment predicted an increase in energetic arousal and a decrease in calmness. Subsequently, feeling more energetic and agitated was associated with increased PA within the following 15 minutes. Valence (i.e. pleasure-displeasure) was not associated with PA nor predictive of subsequent PA. Digital PA interventions may target the enhancement of feelings of energy and present psychoeducation about these distinct psychological benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Magdalena Pape
- LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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2
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Shima T, Iijima J, Sutoh H, Terashima C, Matsuura Y. Augmented-reality-based multi-person exercise has more beneficial effects on mood state and oxytocin secretion than standard solitary exercise. Physiol Behav 2024; 283:114623. [PMID: 38959990 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has positive effects on psychological well-being, with team sports often associated with superior mental health compared to individual sports. Augmented reality (AR) technology has the potential to convert solitary exercise into multi-person exercise. Given the role of oxytocin in mediating the psychological benefits of exercise and sports, this study aimed to investigate the impact of AR-based multi-person exercise on mood and salivary oxytocin levels. METHODS Fourteen participants underwent three distinct regimens: non-exercise (Rest), standard solitary cycling exercise (Ex), and AR-based multi-person cycling exercise (Ex+AR). In both Ex and Ex+AR conditions, participants engaged in cycling at a self-regulated pace to maintain a Rating of Perceived Exertion of 10. In the Ex+AR condition, participants' avatars were projected onto a tablet screen, allowing them to cycle alongside ten other virtual avatars in an AR environment. Mood states and saliva samples were collected before and immediately after each 10-minute regimen. Subsequently, salivary oxytocin levels were measured. RESULTS Notably, only the Ex+AR condition significantly improved mood states associated with depression-dejection and exhibited a non-significant trend toward suppressing anger-hostility in participants. Moreover, the Ex+AR condition led to a significant elevation in salivary oxytocin levels, while the Ex condition showed a non-significant trend toward an increase. However, changes in salivary oxytocin did not show a significant correlation with changes in mood states. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that Ex+AR enhances mood states and promotes oxytocin release. AR-based multi-person exercise may offer greater psychological benefits compared to standard solitary exercise, although the relationship between oxytocin and mood changes remains inconclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Shima
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan.
| | - Junpei Iijima
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sutoh
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Chiho Terashima
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University, 4-2 Aramaki-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuura
- Department of Health and Physical Education, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Utsunomiya University, 350 Mine-machi, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8505, Japan
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3
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Youssef L, Harroum N, Francisco BA, Johnson L, Arvisais D, Pageaux B, Romain AJ, Hayward KS, Neva JL. Neurophysiological effects of acute aerobic exercise in young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105811. [PMID: 39025386 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Evidence continues to accumulate that acute aerobic exercise (AAE) impacts neurophysiological excitability as measured by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Yet, uncertainty exists about which TMS measures are modulated after AAE in young adults. The influence of AAE intensity and duration of effects are also uncertain. This pre-registered meta-analysis (CRD42017065673) addressed these uncertainties by synthesizing data from 23 studies (including 474 participants) published until February 2024. Meta-analysis was run using a random-effects model and Hedge's g used as effect size. Our results demonstrated a decrease in short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) following AAE (g = 0.27; 95 % CI [0.16-0.38]; p <.0001), particularly for moderate (g = 0.18; 95 % CI [0.05-0.31]; p <.01) and high (g = 0.49; 95 % CI [0.27-0.71]; p <.0001) AAE intensities. These effects remained for 30 minutes after AAE. Additionally, increased corticospinal excitability was only observed for high intensity AAE (g = 0.28; 95 % CI, [0.07-0.48]; p <.01). Our results suggest potential mechanisms for inducing a more susceptible neuroplastic environment following AAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layale Youssef
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université́ de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Nesrine Harroum
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université́ de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Beatrice A Francisco
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Liam Johnson
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Denis Arvisais
- Direction des bibliothèques, Bibliothèques des sciences de la santé, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benjamin Pageaux
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université́ de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ahmed Jérôme Romain
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université́ de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Research Center of the University Institute of Mental Health of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kathryn S Hayward
- Departments of Physiotherapy and Medicine (RMH), University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason L Neva
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique (EKSAP), Faculté de médecine, Université́ de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal (CRIUGM), Montreal, QC, Canada; Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche sur le cerveau et l'apprentissage (CIRCA), Montreal, QC, Canada
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4
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Jing JQ, Jia SJ, Yang CJ. Physical activity promotes brain development through serotonin during early childhood. Neuroscience 2024; 554:34-42. [PMID: 39004411 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Early childhood serves as a critical period for neural development and skill acquisition when children are extremely susceptible to the external environment and experience. As a crucial experiential stimulus, physical activity is believed to produce a series of positive effects on brain development, such as cognitive function, social-emotional abilities, and psychological well-being. The World Health Organization recommends that children engage in sufficient daily physical activity, which has already been strongly advocated in the practice of preschool education. However, the mechanisms by which physical activity promotes brain development are still unclear. The role of neurotransmitters, especially serotonin, in promoting brain development through physical activity has received increasing attention. Physical activity has been shown to stimulate the secretion of serotonin by increasing the bioavailability of free tryptophan and enriching the diversity of gut microbiota. Due to its important role in modulating neuronal proliferation, differentiation, synaptic morphogenesis, and synaptic transmission, serotonin can regulate children's explicit cognitive and social interaction behavior in the early stages of life. Therefore, we hypothesized that serotonin emerges as a pivotal transmitter that mediates the relationship between physical activity and brain development during early childhood. Further systematic reviews and meta-analyses are needed to specifically explore whether the type, intensity, dosage, duration, and degree of voluntariness of PA may affect the role of serotonin in the relationship between physical activity and brain function. This review not only helps us understand the impact of exercise on development but also provides a solid theoretical basis for increasing physical activity during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Jing
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Jia Jia
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Yang
- Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Zhao H, Liang K, Yu Z, Wen Y, Yu X, Xin J, Zhang T, Zu X, Fang Y. CCR3 knockdown attenuates prolonged underwater operations-induced cognitive impairment via alleviating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. iScience 2024; 27:110379. [PMID: 39156650 PMCID: PMC11326909 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintaining cognitive integrity is crucial during underwater operations, which can significantly impact work performance and risk severe accidents. However, the cognitive effects of underwater operations and their underlying mechanism remain elusive, posing great challenges to the medical protection of professionals concerned. Here, we found that a single underwater operation session affects cognition in a time-dependent model. Prolonged exposure elicits significant cognitive impairment and hippocampal dysfunction, accompanied by increased neuroinflammation. Furthermore, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed the involvement of neuroinflammation and highlighted the critical role of CCR3. Knockdown of CCR3 significantly rescued cognitive impairment and hippocampal dysfunction and reversed the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, by switching the activated microglia from a pro-inflammatory to a neuroprotective phenotype. Taken together, these results highlighted the time-dependent effects of a single underwater operation session on cognitive function. Knocking down CCR3 can attenuate neuroinflammation by regulating polarization of activated microglia, thereby alleviating prolonged underwater operations-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyu Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kun Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zeyuan Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yukun Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuhua Yu
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jiayun Xin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yiqun Fang
- National Key Laboratory of Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Navy Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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6
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Li X, Qu X, Shi K, Yang Y, Sun J. Physical exercise for brain plasticity promotion an overview of the underlying oscillatory mechanism. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1440975. [PMID: 39176382 PMCID: PMC11338794 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1440975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The global recognition of the importance of physical exercise (PE) for human health has resulted in increased research on its effects on cortical activity. Neural oscillations, which are prominent features of brain activity, serve as crucial indicators for studying the effects of PE on brain function. Existing studies support the idea that PE modifies various types of neural oscillations. While EEG-related literature in exercise science exists, a comprehensive review of the effects of exercise specifically in healthy populations has not yet been conducted. Given the demonstrated influence of exercise on neural plasticity, particularly cortical oscillatory activity, it is imperative to consolidate research on this phenomenon. Therefore, this review aims to summarize numerous PE studies on neuromodulatory mechanisms in the brain over the past decade, covering (1) effects of resistance and aerobic training on brain health via neural oscillations; (2) how mind-body exercise affects human neural activity and cognitive functioning; (3) age-Related effects of PE on brain health and neurodegenerative disease rehabilitation via neural oscillation mechanisms; and (4) conclusion and future direction. In conclusion, the effect of PE on cortical activity is a multifaceted process, and this review seeks to comprehensively examine and summarize existing studies' understanding of how PE regulates neural activity in the brain, providing a more scientific theoretical foundation for the development of personalized PE programs and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kaixuan Shi
- Physical Education Department, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing, China
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7
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Scales C, Tsai LL, Whitney S, Shaw M, Vrklevski L, Carey S, Hutchings O, Spencer L, Alison J. Maintaining the health of people with and without COVID-19 during isolation: a case study. AUST HEALTH REV 2024; 48:476-483. [PMID: 38616106 DOI: 10.1071/ah23229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This case study evaluated the effects of a health package (HP) of a light intensity individualised exercise program and advice on anxiety management and nutrition, on the physical and mental health of people with or without COVID-19, who were quarantined in hotels used as Special Health Accommodation and admitted to the Royal Prince Alfred Virtual Hospital, Sydney during the COVID-19 pandemic. After initial screening and consenting, participants completed three surveys: Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale; Brief Fatigue Inventory; and the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions 5-Levels, and were provided with the HP for the duration of their quarantine. The three surveys and a participant reported experience measure were completed prior to discharge. The HP for people in quarantine demonstrated stability of health outcomes and reduction in fatigue. Most participants reported that the HP helped them cope with isolation. Provision of a HP during quarantine could be useful to support physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe Scales
- Special Health Accommodation, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; and Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ling-Ling Tsai
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; and Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Whitney
- Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Miranda Shaw
- RPA Virtual Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lil Vrklevski
- Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon Carey
- Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Owen Hutchings
- RPA Virtual Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Lissa Spencer
- Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennifer Alison
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; and Allied Health, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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8
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Chen JT, Kan NW, Barquero C, Teo MMJ, Wang CA. Saccade Latency and Metrics in the Interleaved Pro- and Anti-Saccade Task in Open Skill Sports Athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14713. [PMID: 39155402 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Evidence has demonstrated that athletes exhibit superior cognitive performance associated with executive control. In the oculomotor system, this function has been examined using the interleaved pro-saccade and anti-saccade task (IPAST), wherein participants, prior to target appearance, are instructed to either automatically look at the peripheral target (pro-saccade) or suppress the automatic response and voluntarily look in the opposite direction (anti-saccade). While the IPAST has provided much insight into sensorimotor and inhibitory processing, it has yet to be performed in athletes. Moreover, limited research has examined saccade metrics in athletes. Here, we examined saccade latency and movement kinematics in the IPAST among athletes (N = 40) and nonathletes (NON) (N = 40). Higher direction error rates were obtained in the anti-saccade compared to the pro-saccade condition, with no differences between athletes and NON noted. Significantly faster saccade latencies were observed in athletes compared to NON in both conditions, in addition to faster pro-saccades compared to anti-saccades. Furthermore, athletes showed significantly higher frequencies and faster latencies of express saccades compared to NON in correct pro-saccades. Additionally, athletes exhibited significantly faster latencies of express saccades compared to NON in erroneous anti-saccades. Differences in saccade metrics between athletes and NON were not seen. Overall, these findings demonstrate that athletes display altered saccade performance likely associated with sensorimotor and preparatory processing, highlighting the potential of using IPAST to objectively investigate sensorimotor and cognitive functions in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Tai Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Wen Kan
- Center of General Education, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cesar Barquero
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Science, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health Science and Technology, National Central University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Moeka Mong Jia Teo
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-An Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Eye-Tracking Laboratory, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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9
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Morava A, Dillon K, Sui W, Alushaj E, Prapavessis H. The effects of acute exercise on stress reactivity assessed via a multidimensional approach: a systematic review. J Behav Med 2024; 47:545-565. [PMID: 38468106 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Psychological stress is associated with numerous deleterious health effects. Accumulating evidence suggests acute exercise reduces stress reactivity. As stressors activate a wide array of psychological and physiological systems it is imperative stress responses are examined through a multidimensional lens. Moreover, it seems prudent to consider whether stress responses are influenced by exercise intervention characteristics such as modality, duration, intensity, timing, as well as participant fitness/physical activity levels. The current review therefore examined the role of acute exercise on stress reactivity through a multidimensional approach, as well as whether exercise intervention characteristics and participant fitness/physical activity levels may moderate these effects. Stress reactivity was assessed via heart rate, blood pressure, cortisol, catecholamines, and self-report. A systematic search following PRISMA guidelines of five databases was updated in November 2022. Reviewed studies met the following criteria: English language, participants aged ≥ 18, use of acute exercise, use of a validated stress-inducing task, and assessment(s) of stress reactivity. Thirty-one studies (1386 participants) were included. Acute exercise resulted in reliable reductions to blood pressure and cortisol. Acute exercise yielded mostly negligible effects on heart rate reactivity and negligible effects on self-report measures. As for exercise intervention characteristics, intensity-dependent effects were present, such that higher intensities yielded larger reductions to reactivity measures, while limited evidence was present for duration, modality, and timing-dependent effects. Regarding participant fitness/physical activity levels, the effects on stress reactivity were mixed. Future work should standardize the definitions and assessment time points of stress reactivity, as well as investigate the interaction between physiological and psychological stress responses in real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anisa Morava
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
| | - Kirsten Dillon
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Wuyou Sui
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Erind Alushaj
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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Plini ERG, Melnychuk MC, Andrews R, Boyle R, Whelan R, Spence JS, Chapman SB, Robertson IH, Dockree PM. Greater physical fitness ( VO 2 max ) in healthy older adults associated with increased integrity of the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14191. [PMID: 38895950 PMCID: PMC11250687 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
AIM Physical activity (PA) is a key component for brain health and Reserve, and it is among the main dementia protective factors. However, the neurobiological mechanisms underpinning Reserve are not fully understood. In this regard, a noradrenergic (NA) theory of cognitive reserve (Robertson, 2013) has proposed that the upregulation of NA system might be a key factor for building reserve and resilience to neurodegeneration because of the neuroprotective role of NA across the brain. PA elicits an enhanced catecholamine response, in particular for NA. By increasing physical commitment, a greater amount of NA is synthetised in response to higher oxygen demand. More physically trained individuals show greater capabilities to carry oxygen resulting in greaterVo 2 max - a measure of oxygen uptake and physical fitness (PF). METHODS We hypothesized that greaterVo 2 max would be related to greater Locus Coeruleus (LC) MRI signal intensity. In a sample of 41 healthy subjects, we performed Voxel-Based Morphometry analyses, then repeated for the other neuromodulators as a control procedure (Serotonin, Dopamine and Acetylcholine). RESULTS As hypothesized, greaterVo 2 max related to greater LC signal intensity, and weaker associations emerged for the other neuromodulators. CONCLUSION This newly established link betweenVo 2 max and LC-NA system offers further understanding of the neurobiology underpinning Reserve in relationship to PA. While this study supports Robertson's theory proposing the upregulation of the NA system as a possible key factor building Reserve, it also provides ground for increasing LC-NA system resilience to neurodegeneration viaVo 2 max enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele R G Plini
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael C Melnychuk
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ralph Andrews
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rory Boyle
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Robert Whelan
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jeffrey S Spence
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra B Chapman
- Center for BrainHealth, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ian H Robertson
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Psychology, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paul M Dockree
- Department of Psychology, Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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11
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Moreno Carbajal PB, Corrales Camargo NE, Espinoza-Gutiérrez R, Calleja-Núñez JJ, Montero-Herrera B, Cerna J, Aburto-Corona JA. Energy Expenditure Validation of an Exergame Platform: Ring Fit Adventure Use in Adults with Overweight and Obesity. Games Health J 2024; 13:288-296. [PMID: 38608212 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2023.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims at comparing the energy expenditure (EE) and heart rate (HR) data from Ring Fit Adventure (RFA) with those from indirect calorimetry (COSMED) and a heart rate monitor (Polar FT7). A secondary goal is to evaluate self-reported enjoyment and perceived effort levels. Materials and Methods: Thirty participants (age = 21.8 ± 2.2; body mass index = 31.8 ± 4.4) were recruited for two laboratory visits. The first visit involved baseline measurements. In the second visit, participants performed a 55-minute ad libitum exercise session with the RFA in adventure mode with moderate difficulty. During this session, EE, HR, perceived effort, and enjoyment of physical activity were recorded. Results: Although no statistically significant overestimation of EE was found between the RFA and the metabolic cart, two-way analysis of variance results show a main effect of condition (RFA vs. Polar FT7) on HR (122.8 ± 20.1 bpm and 129.0 ± 18.6 bpm; P = 0.007; ᶯp2 = 0.235). Based on comprehensive statistical evaluations, including the mean absolute percent error, intraclass correlations, typical error of measurement, and limits of agreement, the data suggest that the RFA provides reliable estimates for EE and HR. Overall, participants enjoyed the game considerably (71.3 ± 5.9/80 arbitrary units), and their reported perceived exertion was low. Conclusion: This study underscores that the RFA values are relatively accurate and precise, and thus it can be safely suggested for individuals with overweight and obesity to adopt an active lifestyle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Roberto Espinoza-Gutiérrez
- Sports Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México
- Research Group UABC-CA-341 Physical Performance and Health, Human Biosciences Laboratory, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Juan J Calleja-Núñez
- Sports Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México
- Research Group UABC-CA-341 Physical Performance and Health, Human Biosciences Laboratory, Tijuana, Baja California, México
| | - Bryan Montero-Herrera
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan Cerna
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jorge A Aburto-Corona
- Sports Faculty, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, México
- Research Group UABC-CA-341 Physical Performance and Health, Human Biosciences Laboratory, Tijuana, Baja California, México
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12
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Yue T, Liu L, Nitsche MA, Kong Z, Zhang M, Qi F. Effects of high-intensity interval training combined with dual-site transcranial direct current stimulation on inhibitory control and working memory in healthy adults. Hum Mov Sci 2024; 96:103240. [PMID: 38875731 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2024.103240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) have been demonstrated to enhance inhibitory control and working memory (WM) performance in healthy adults. However, the potential benefits of combining these two interventions have been rarely explored and remain largely speculative. This study aimed to explore the effects of acute HIIT combined with dual-site tDCS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC, F3 and F4) on inhibitory control and WM in healthy young adults. Twenty-five healthy college students (20.5 ± 1.3 years; 11 females) were recruited to complete HIIT + tDCS, HIIT + sham-tDCS, rest + tDCS, and rest + sham-tDCS (CON) sessions in a randomized crossover design. tDCS or sham-tDCS was conducted after completing HIIT or a rest condition of the same duration. The Stroop and 2-back tasks were used to evaluate the influence of this combined intervention on cognitive tasks involving inhibitory control and WM performance in post-trials, respectively. Response times (RTs) of the Stroop task significantly improved in the HIIT + tDCS session compared to the CON session across all conditions (all p values <0.05), in the HIIT + tDCS session compared to the rest + tDCS session in the congruent and neutral conditions (all p values <0.05), in the HIIT + sham-tDCS session compared to the CON session in the congruent and neutral conditions (all p values <0.05), in the HIIT + sham-tDCS session compared to the rest + tDCS session in the congruent condition (p = 0.015). No differences were found between sessions in composite score of RT and accuracy in the Stroop task (all p values >0.05) and in the 2-back task reaction time and accuracy (all p values >0.05). We conclude that acute HIIT combined with tDCS effectively improved inhibitory control but it failed to yield cumulative benefits on inhibitory control and WM in healthy adults. These preliminary findings help to identify beneficial effects of combined interventions on cognitive performance and might guide future research with clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yue
- School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; Sports, Exercise and Brain Sciences Laboratory, Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Liu
- School of Design, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund 44139, Germany; University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Hospital OWL, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld 33615, Germany; German Centre for Mental Health (DZPG), Bochum, Germany
| | - Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- China Volleyball College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Fengxue Qi
- Sports, Exercise and Brain Sciences Laboratory, Sports Coaching College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
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13
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Voss MW, Oehler C, Daniels W, Sodoma M, Madero B, Kent J, Jain S, Jung M, Nuckols VR, DuBose LE, Davis KG, O'Deen A, Hamilton C, Baller K, Springer J, Rivera-Dompenciel A, Pipoly M, Muellerleile M, Nagarajan N, Bjarnason T, Harb N, Lin LC, Magnotta V, Hazeltine E, Long JD, Pierce GL. Exercise effects on brain health and learning from minutes to months: The brain EXTEND trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2024; 145:107647. [PMID: 39095013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2024.107647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Despite evidence that aerobic exercise benefits the aging brain, in particular the hippocampus and memory, controlled clinical trials have not comprehensively evaluated effects of aerobic exercise training on human memory in older adults. The central goal of this study was to determine chronic effects of moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise on the hippocampus and memory in non-demented, inactive adults ages 55-80 years. We determine effects of aerobic exercise training with a 6-month randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing 150 min/week of home-based, light intensity exercise with progressive moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise. For the first time in a large trial, we examined temporal mechanisms by determining if individual differences in the rapid, immediate effects of moderate intensity exercise on hippocampal-cortical connectivity predict chronic training-related changes over months in connectivity and memory. We examined physiological mechanisms by testing the extent to which chronic training-related changes in cardiorespiratory fitness are a critical factor to memory benefits. The Exercise Effects on Brain Connectivity and Learning from Minutes to Months (Brain-EXTEND) trial is conceptually innovative with advanced measures of hippocampal-dependent learning and memory processes combined with novel capture of the physiological changes, genetic components, and molecular changes induced by aerobic exercise that change hippocampal-cortical connectivity. Given that hippocampal connectivity deteriorates with Alzheimer's and aerobic exercise may contribute to reduced risk of Alzheimer's, our results could lead to an understanding of the physiological mechanisms and moderators by which aerobic exercise reduces risk of this devastating and costly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle W Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Chris Oehler
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Will Daniels
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Matthew Sodoma
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Bryan Madero
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - James Kent
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Shivangi Jain
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Myungjin Jung
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Virginia R Nuckols
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Lyndsey E DuBose
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Kristen G Davis
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Abby O'Deen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Chase Hamilton
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Kelsey Baller
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Jenna Springer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA; Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Adriana Rivera-Dompenciel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marco Pipoly
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael Muellerleile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nagalakshmi Nagarajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Thorarinn Bjarnason
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nidal Harb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Li-Chun Lin
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Vincent Magnotta
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eliot Hazeltine
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA; Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Long
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, USA; Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The University of Iowa, USA
| | - Gary L Pierce
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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14
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Miao C, Zhang S. The effect of mobile social media on the mental health status of Chinese international students: an empirical study on the chain mediation effect. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:411. [PMID: 39068493 PMCID: PMC11283701 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01915-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the impact of mobile social media on the psychological well-being of Chinese international students and analyze the mechanisms of influence to enhance their overall psychological health and social interactions in a foreign environment. METHODS Convenience sampling was employed, using questionnaires on Mobile Social Media, Psychological Resilience, Body Image, Health Goal Setting, Physical Activity Level, and Mental Health Status as measurement tools. Data were gathered from 378 Chinese international students across 33 universities in South Korea, including Kangwon National University, Myongji University, Kunsan National University, Seoul National University, and Chonbuk National University. Confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, common method bias testing, and chain mediation effect analysis were conducted using SPSS and AMOS 23.0. RESULTS Mobile social media has significant indirect effects on the mental health of international students through various factors: psychological resilience and physical activity level (effect 'adg' = 0.080, 95% CI [0.029, 0.144]), body image and physical activity level (effect 'beg' = 0.122, 95% CI [0.044, 0.247]), and health goal setting and physical activity level (effect 'cfg' = 0.255, 95% CI [0.123, 0.428]). CONCLUSION The study shows that mobile social media benefits the mental health of Chinese international students by enhancing psychological resilience, physical activity, body image perception, and health goal setting. Collaboration between educational institutions and social media platforms is recommended to promote physical activity among international students. This collaboration can involve sharing encouraging messages, joining health communities, setting goals, and providing accessible exercise resources. Utilizing mobile apps or social media for tracking progress and goal-setting can also improve self-management skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Miao
- Department of Leisure Sports, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Korea
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Leisure Sports, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, Korea.
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15
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Boruch A, Branchaw G, O'Connor PJ, Cook DB. Physical Activity and Fatigue Symptoms: Neurotypical Adults and People with Chronic Multisymptom Illnesses. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39037494 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2024_502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
For neurotypical adults, a single bout of low-to-moderate intensity physical activity usually transiently improves feelings of energy. Similar bouts of exercise have the opposite effect of increased feelings of fatigue when performed by samples with chronic multisymptom illnesses (CMIs) such as Long-COVID, Gulf War Illness (GWI), or Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). The short-term adoption of regular moderate intensity physical activity (typical experiments are 1 to 6 months) among neurotypical adults results in small-to-moderate improvements in self-reported feelings of fatigue, energy, and vitality. Small improvements in these feelings, or no change at all, occur for CMIs, but limited data precludes strong conclusions. The mechanisms of exercise effects on fatigue, whether acute or chronic, are poorly understood but likely involve multiple neural circuits and associated transmitters. For CMIs, the mechanisms of acute worsening of fatigue with exercise may be driven by the yet unknown pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease (perhaps involving brain, immune and autonomic system dysfunction, and their interactions). Likewise, fatigue improvements may depend on whether chronic physical activity is a disease-modifying treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Boruch
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Grace Branchaw
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Dane B Cook
- Research Service, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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16
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Sudo M, Kitajima D, Takagi Y, Mochizuki K, Fujibayashi M, Costello JT, Ando S. Effects of voluntary exercise and electrical muscle stimulation on reaction time in the Go/No-Go task. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024:10.1007/s00421-024-05562-8. [PMID: 39044028 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-024-05562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute exercise improves cognitive performance. However, it remains unclear what triggers cognitive improvement. Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) facilitates the examination of physiological changes derived from peripheral muscle contraction during exercise. Thus, we compared the effects of EMS and voluntary exercise at low- or moderate-intensity on reaction time (RT) in a cognitive task to understand the contribution of central and peripheral physiological factors to RT improvement. METHODS Twenty-four young, healthy male participants performed a Go/No-Go task before and after EMS/exercise. In the EMS condition, EMS was applied to the lower limb muscles. In the low-intensity exercise condition, the participants cycled an ergometer while maintaining their heart rate (HR) at the similar level during EMS. In the moderate-intensity exercise condition, exercise intensity corresponded to ratings of perceived exertion of 13/20. The natural log-transformed root mean square of successive differences between adjacent inter-beat (R-R) intervals (LnRMSSD), which predominantly reflects parasympathetic HR modulation, was calculated before and during EMS/exercise. RESULTS RT improved following moderate-intensity exercise (p = 0.002, Cohen' d = 0.694), but not following EMS (p = 0.107, Cohen' d = 0.342) and low-intensity exercise (p = 0.076, Cohen' d = 0.380). Repeated measures correlation analysis revealed that RT was correlated with LnRMSSD (Rrm(23) = 0.599, p = 0.002) in the moderate-intensity exercise condition. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the amount of central neural activity and exercise pressor reflex may be crucial for RT improvement. RT improvement following moderate-intensity exercise may, at least partly, be associated with enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Sudo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, 150 Tobuki, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0001, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitajima
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yoko Takagi
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Kodai Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan
| | - Mami Fujibayashi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-Cho, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-0101, Japan
| | - Joseph T Costello
- School of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo, 182-8585, Japan.
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17
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Baumgartner NW, Belbis MD, Kargl C, Holmes MJ, Gavin TP, Hirai DM, Kao SC. Acute Effects of High-Intensity Resistance Exercise on Recognition of Relational Memory, Lactate, and Serum and Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. J Strength Cond Res 2024:00124278-990000000-00485. [PMID: 39074170 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Baumgartner, NW, Belbis, MD, Kargl, C, Holmes, MJ, Gavin, TP, Hirai, DM, and Kao, S-C. Acute effects of high-intensity resistance exercise on recognition of relational memory, lactate, and serum and plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-Acute aerobic exercise improves memory, but this phenomenon is understudied in response to resistance exercise (RE) despite evidence that RE-induced increases in lactate and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) play mechanistic roles in memory performance. To determine the acute effect of RE on lactate, BDNF, and their associations with object and relational memory, blood lactate, and serum and plasma BDNF were taken from 36 adults (average age 23.64 ± 3.89 years; 18 woman) before and immediately after 42 minutes of high-intensity RE and a rest condition on counterbalanced days. Subjects then immediately studied a series of paired objects and completed object and relational recognition tasks. Results revealed a condition by trial interaction, previously studied objects were remembered less accurately following RE (d = 0.66) but recognition occurred faster (d = 0.28), indicating a speed-accuracy tradeoff following RE. There was no effect of either intervention on relational recognition performance. Lactate (d = 3.68) and serum BDNF (d = 0.74) increased following RE, whereas there was no time-related change in lactate and serum BDNF following rest. However, changes in lactate and BDNF did not predict any measures of object (rs < 0.25, ps > 0.16) or relation recognition (rs < 0.28, ps > 0.13). Collectively, these findings suggest that acute high-intensity RE selectively improves the processing speed of recognizing objects at the cost of less accurate recognition of previously studied objects. Furthermore, changes in object and relational memory performance are unlikely driven by acute increases in lactate or BDNF following high-intensity RE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael D Belbis
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and
| | - Christopher Kargl
- Department of Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Holmes
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and
| | - Timothy P Gavin
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and
| | - Daniel M Hirai
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and
| | - Shih-Chun Kao
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; and
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18
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Goodarzi S, Teymouri Athar MM, Beiky M, Fathi H, Nakhaee Z, Omran SP, Shafiee A. Effect of physical activity for reducing anxiety symptoms in older adults: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:153. [PMID: 39014515 PMCID: PMC11251295 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety symptoms in older adults can significantly impact their well-being. Physical activity is increasingly recognized as a potential intervention to alleviate anxiety in this population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impact of physical activity on anxiety symptoms in geriatric individuals. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Embase databases until November 29, 2023. Two independent reviewers screened articles based on predefined inclusion criteria. RESULTS Eleven randomized controlled trials were included. These trials, involving 770 geriatric participants, demonstrated a significant overall effect of physical activity on reducing anxiety symptoms (SMD =-0.60, 95% CI: -0.88 to -0.32). Subgroup analysis based on type of intervention and duration of follow-up was performed. The results showed all types of exercises reduced anxiety symptoms compared to the control group. Furthermore, those studies with shorter follow-up (less than 10 weeks) did not show a statistically significant reduction in anxiety symptoms. Moderate heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 67%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the overall effect size. Funnel plot inspection and Egger's test (p = 0.36) suggested no signs of publication bias or small study effects. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides strong evidence that physical activity significantly reduces anxiety symptoms in older adults. The study highlights the differential effects of cardio and strength exercises and underscores the high quality of evidence supporting the anxiolytic benefits of physical activity in geriatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Goodarzi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Beiky
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
| | - Hanieh Fathi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
| | - Zahra Nakhaee
- School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | | | - Arman Shafiee
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Hassan Abad, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran.
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19
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Gutierrez M, Palacios C, Narayanan V, George F, Sales Martinez S. Association between Depressive Symptoms, Physical Activity, and Health Factors in Hispanic Emerging Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:918. [PMID: 39063494 PMCID: PMC11276975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21070918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle behavior known for reducing symptoms of and being a risk factor for depression and mental health disorders. However, emerging adults (ages 18-25) struggle to meet recommended amounts. In this study, we explore the association between physical activity, depressive symptoms, and health factors in 137 Hispanic emerging adults. Using a cross-sectional survey design, sociodemographic information, depressive symptoms (CES-D score), physical activity (IPAQ score), body composition, and blood pressure measures were obtained. Statistical analyses included correlation and regression analyses. More than half of the participants demonstrated depressive symptomology (59.1%) and body fat percentage greater than 25% (64.2%). Body fat percentage, lean body mass, stress, and heart rate demonstrated notable associations with depressive symptoms and physical activity. When measured continuously and categorically, IPAQ was not a significant predictor of depressive symptoms. When used as a binary variable with a cutoff of 600 MET min/week, IPAQ score revealed a negative relationship with CES-D score (β = -0.169, SE = 2.748, p = 0.034). Our results indicate that a threshold of physical activity, 600 MET min/week, may confer protective effects against depressive symptoms. Future research should investigate the context and quality of physical activity to address mental health disparities in this underrepresented population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Gutierrez
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.G.); (C.P.); (V.N.)
| | - Cristina Palacios
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.G.); (C.P.); (V.N.)
| | - Vijaya Narayanan
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.G.); (C.P.); (V.N.)
| | - Florence George
- College of Arts, Sciences and Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Sabrina Sales Martinez
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.G.); (C.P.); (V.N.)
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20
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Dallaway N, Mortimer H, Gore A, Ring C. Brain Endurance Training Improves Dynamic Calisthenic Exercise and Benefits Novel Exercise and Cognitive Performance: Evidence of Performance Enhancement and Near Transfer of Training. J Strength Cond Res 2024:00124278-990000000-00474. [PMID: 39016252 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Dallaway, N, Mortimer, H, Gore, A, and Ring, C. Brain endurance training improves dynamic calisthenic exercise and benefits novel exercise and cognitive performance: Evidence of performance enhancement and near transfer of training. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of this dual study was to evaluate whether brain endurance training (BET)-a mental fatigue countermeasure involving physical and cognitive training-enhanced exercise compared with physical training alone. Two studies (N = 29) used a pretest/training/posttest design, with participants randomized to BET or control groups. During testing, participants performed calisthenic exercises (study 1: press-ups, wall sit, and plank; study 2: burpees, jump squats, leg raises, press-ups, and plank) to failure before and after completing 20-minute cognitive tasks (study 1: memory updating; study 2: memory updating, response inhibition, and nonexecutive functions). Training comprised 3 sessions per week for 4 weeks. In study 1 training sessions, participants completed 2 submaximal exercise sets; each exercise was followed by a 3-minute cognitive task with high (BET) or low (control) cognitive loads. In study 2 training sessions, participants completed 1 submaximal exercise set; after 12-minute cognitive tasks (BET) or rest (control), each exercise was preceded by a 3-minute cognitive task (BET) or rest (control). These cognitive tasks involved response inhibition and memory updating. Performance (exercise repetitions/duration), perceived exertion, and mental fatigue were assessed. In pretesting, exercise performance was matched between groups. In posttesting, BET groups performed more dynamic exercises than control groups but the same number of static exercises. Cognitive task performance was either greater for BET or not different between groups. Neither perceived exertion nor mental fatigue differed between groups and tests. Brain endurance training enhanced dynamic but not static calisthenic exercise performance compared with physical training alongside near transfer of training benefits for novel physical and cognitive task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Dallaway
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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21
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Kommula Y, Callow DD, Purcell JJ, Smith JC. Acute Exercise Improves Large-Scale Brain Network Segregation in Healthy Older Adults. Brain Connect 2024. [PMID: 38888008 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2024.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Age-related cognitive decline and mental health problems are accompanied by changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) indices, such as reduced brain network segregation. Meanwhile, exercise can improve cognition, mood, and neural network function in older adults. Studies on effects of exercise on rsFC outcomes in older adults have chiefly focused on changes after exercise training and suggest improved network segregation through enhanced within-network connectivity. However, effects of acute exercise on rsFC measures of neural network integrity in older adults, which presumably underlie changes observed after exercise training, have received less attention. In this study, we hypothesized that acute exercise in older adults would improve functional segregation of major cognition and affect-related brain networks. Methods: To test this, we analyzed rsFC data from 37 healthy and physically active older adults after they completed 30 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity cycling and after they completed a seated rest control condition. Conditions were performed in a counterbalanced order across separate days in a within-subject crossover design. We considered large-scale brain networks associated with cognition and affect, including the frontoparietal network (FPN), salience network (SAL), default mode network (DMN), and affect-reward network (ARN). Results: We observed that after acute exercise, there was greater segregation between SAL and DMN, as well as greater segregation between SAL and ARN. Conclusion: These findings indicate that acute exercise in active older adults alters rsFC measures in key cognition and affect-related networks in a manner that opposes age-related dedifferentiation of neural networks that may be detrimental to cognition and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Kommula
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel D Callow
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeremy J Purcell
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - J Carson Smith
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Program in Neuroscience and Cognitive Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- Maryland Neuroimaging Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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22
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Gidalevich S, Mirkin E. The Effect of a SEL (Social-Emotional Learning) Intervention Program Based on Emotional Regulation and Metacognitive Awareness for Special Education Preservice Teachers Experiencing Adapted Teaching in Mathematics. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1996-2012. [PMID: 39056648 PMCID: PMC11276088 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14070133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study's aim was to examine the influence of a unique intervention program based on emotional self-awareness and the development of emotional regulation as an important component of SEL combined with metacognitive awareness. Seventy-two third-year preservice teachers participated for one year, tutoring a mathematically challenged student. This intervention was applied to an experimental group where each participant learned to assess his/her emotional state using a special ruler prior to teaching a lesson, and according to the ruler's assessment results, the preservice teacher was assisted by a variety of emotional regulations as well as metacognitive strategies. A control group learned only metacognitive strategies. This study's results indicated that experimental group participants showed notable improvement in cognitive reappraisal post-intervention compared to the control group, which showed no change. For metacognitive awareness, in both research groups, an increase was apparent post-intervention. Nevertheless, a comparison of the effect size of differences between the two measurement points indicated that the experimental group exhibited a greater improvement in metacognitive regulation compared to the control group. A significant positive correlation was found in the experimental group between cognitive reappraisal and metacognitive regulation. Assimilation and training of emotional skills among preservice teachers during training are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Gidalevich
- Department of Special Education, Oranim Academic College of Education, Kiryat Tivon 3600600, Israel;
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23
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Tsai CL, Chen ZR, Chia PS, Pan CY, Tseng YT, Chen WC. Acute resistance exercise combined with whole body vibration and blood flow restriction: Molecular and neurocognitive effects in late-middle-aged and older adults. Exp Gerontol 2024; 192:112450. [PMID: 38710456 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Limited research exists regarding the effects of resistance exercise (RE) combined with whole body vibration (WBV), blood flow restriction (BFR), or both on the neuropsychological performance of working memory (WM) in late-middle-aged and older adults and regarding the physiological mechanisms underlying this effect. This study thus explored the acute molecular and neurophysiological mechanisms underlying WM performance following RE combined with WBV, BFR, or both. Sixty-six participants were randomly assigned into a WBV, BFR, or WBV + BFR group. Before and after the participants engaged in a single bout of isometric RE combined with WBV, BFR, or both, this study gathered data on several neurocognitive measures of WM performance, namely, accuracy rate (AR), reaction time (RT), and brain event-related potential (specifically P3 latency and amplitude), and data on biochemical indices, such as the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), norepinephrine (NE), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Although none of the RE modalities significantly affected RTs and P3 latencies, ARs and P3 amplitudes significantly improved in the WBV and WBV + BFR groups. The WBV + BFR group exhibited greater improvements than the WBV group did. Following acute RE combined with WBV, BFR, or both, IGF-1 and NE levels significantly increased in all groups, whereas BDNF levels did not change. Crucially, only the changes in NE levels were significantly correlated with improvements in ARs in the WBV + BFR and WBV groups. The findings suggest that combining acute RE with WBV, BFR, or both could distinctively mitigate neurocognitive decline in late-middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Liang Tsai
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan.
| | - Zi-Rong Chen
- Institute of Physical Education, Health and Leisure Studies, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Shan Chia
- Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Pan
- Department of Physical Education, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Tseng
- Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chyuan Chen
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sleep Center, Linkou-Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.
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24
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Saoudi I, Maltagliati S, Chalabaev A, Sarrazin P, Cheval B. Sociodemographic precursors of explicit and implicit attitudes towards physical activity. Psychol Health 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38946132 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2024.2371964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In high-income countries, people with low socio-economic status (SES) engage in less leisure-time physical activity (PA) than those with higher SES. Beyond a materialistic account of this difference, the role of motivational precursors-among which attitudes are emblematic-remains poorly understood, particularly when it comes to dissociating the automatic vs. deliberative components of attitudes. This pre-registered study aimed to examine the associations between SES (i.e. income and educational attainment) and motivational precursors of PA (i.e. explicit and implicit attitudes), and whether gender and age may moderate these relationships. METHOD We used data from 970 adults (64% of women; mean age = 33 ± 12 years) from the Attitudes, Identities, and Individual Differences (AIID) study. RESULTS Results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that participants with the highest level of income (>150,000$ per year) reported more positive explicit and implicit attitudes towards PA than those with lower income. Exploratory analysis further showed that women reported weaker explicit attitudes towards PA, while both explicit and implicit attitudes towards PA became weaker at age increases. In contrast, educational attainment was not significantly associated with those attitudes, and there was only mixed evidence for a moderating role of participants' gender on the pattern of associations. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that both the explicit and implicit attitudes towards PA may be socially patterned. Future intervention studies should examine whether these attitudinal differences could be reduced, and whether such a reduction could help buffer the unequal participation in PA behaviors across social groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Boris Cheval
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Ecole Normale Supérieure Rennes, Bruz, France
- Laboratory VIPS, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
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Drollette ES, Pasupathi PA, Slutsky-Ganesh AB, Etnier JL. Take a Break for Memory Sake! Effects of Short Physical Activity Breaks on Inhibitory Control, Episodic Memory, and Event-Related Potentials in Children. Brain Sci 2024; 14:626. [PMID: 39061367 PMCID: PMC11274896 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14070626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The pervasive sedentary lifestyle exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced physical activity (PA) among school-age children, necessitating innovative strategies to evaluate short PA breaks that are feasible in a classroom setting. This study explored the cognitive and neurophysiological (electroencephalography; EEG) impacts of short bouts of different PA modalities on inhibitory control (flanker task) and episodic memory (word recognition task) in children. Utilizing a within-participants cross-over design, thirty-six children (n = 36; 9-12 years old) attended the lab on three separate days with each visit including either a 9 min bout of sustained moderate-intensity cycling, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), or seated rest. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were assessed during the flanker task (P3 component) and the word recognition task (LPC and FN400 components) to elucidate the neural mechanisms underpinning behavioral outcomes. Findings indicated no differences in flanker performance but greater episodic memory recall for HIIE compared to seated rest. Neurophysiological results revealed no differences for P3, but notably larger amplitude for LPC and FN400 postcycling, particularly over parietal electrode sites. These results underscore the potential of short PA breaks to improve cognitive and neurocognitive function in children, offering a feasible integration strategy into daily school routines without extensive time commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Drollette
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (P.A.P.); (A.B.S.-G.); (J.L.E.)
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26
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Li X, Leng Y, Xiong Z, Liu J. The Effect of Long-Term Learning of BaduanJin on Emotion Regulation: Evidence from Resting-State Frontal EEG Asymmetry. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:2391-2401. [PMID: 38912161 PMCID: PMC11192639 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s436506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Baduanjin, as a Chinese traditional fitness exercise, can help people regulate emotions and promote their physical and psychological health. However, the underlying neural mechanisms have not been thoroughly explored. This study aimed to examine the effects of differences in the level of Baduanjin learning on individuals' brain and psychological response related to emotion regulation. Methods Twenty-two participants with long-term Baduanjin learning (for more than one year), and 21 participants with short-term Baduanjin learning (for approximately three months) were recruited. All participants were asked to do a complete 12-minute set of Baduanjin. Before and after doing Baduanjin, their resting-state EEG signals were collected, besides, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and the Profile of Mood States-Short Form (POMS-SF) were used to assess participants' emotion regulation strategies and abilities. Results The results of psychological measurement indicated that participants in the long-term group were more likely to use cognitive reappraisal as an emotion regulation strategy compared to participants in the short-term group (p<0.05). Moreover, the analysis of the frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) showed that participants in the long-term group rather than the short-term group exhibited significant left lateralization after doing Baduanjin (p<0.05). Conclusion The findings provide preliminary evidence for the neural mechanism underlying how long-term Baduanjin learning promotes individuals' emotion regulation indexed by FAA. The study provides a new paradigm for research on how Baduanjin affects emotional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhi Li
- Department of Physical Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Leng
- School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiheng Xiong
- School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- WuShu Department, Nanjing Sports Institute, Nanjing, 210046, People’s Republic of China
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27
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Pesce C, Tocci N. Creativity and consciousness in motion: The roundtrip of "mindful" and "mindless" processes in embodied creativity. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 287:123-151. [PMID: 39097351 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
In this opinion paper, we make a journey across different accounts of creativity that emphasize either the mindful, conscious and cognitive expression of creativity, or its mindless, unconscious and sensorimotor expression. We try to go beyond dichotomy, putting creativity in motion and outlining its embodied and enactive features. Based on the assumption that no creative act is purely conscious or purely unconscious, our discussion on creativity relies on the distinction of three types of creativity that complementarily contribute to the creative process through shifts in the activation of their substrates in the brain: the deliberate, spontaneous and flow types of creativity. The latter is a hybrid and embodied type, in which movement and physical activity meet creativity. We then focus on the most fascinating contribution of unconscious processes and mind wandering to spontaneous and flow modes of creativity, exploring what happens when the individual apparently takes a break from a deliberate and effortful search for solutions and the creative process progresses through an incubation phase. This phase and the overall creative process can be facilitated by physical activity which, depending on its features and context, can disengage the cognitive control network and free the mind from filters that constrain cognitive processes or, conversely, can engage attentional control on sensorimotor and cognitive task components in a mindful way. Lastly, we focus on the unique features of the outer natural environment of physical activity and of the inner environment during mindful movements that can restore capacities and boost creativity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Pesce
- University of Rome "Foro Italico", Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Rome, Italy.
| | - Nicoletta Tocci
- University of Rome "Foro Italico", Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
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Fischetti F, Pepe I, Greco G, Ranieri M, Poli L, Cataldi S, Vimercati L. Ten-Minute Physical Activity Breaks Improve Attention and Executive Functions in Healthcare Workers. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2024; 9:102. [PMID: 38921638 PMCID: PMC11205001 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk9020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Occupational health is a major problem in modern work environments. Physical activity breaks (PABs), short exercise periods delivered during working hours, incorporating exergames or outdoor activities, have emerged as a novel approach that could be used to improve work efficiency and workplace wellbeing. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of PABs on attention levels and executive functions in healthcare workers. A total of 27 healthcare workers (M = 14, W = 13; 49.55 ± 12.46 years), after 4 h of work, randomly performed one of three 10 min conditions weekly in a counterbalanced order: No Physical Activity Break (NPAB); Outdoor Physical Activity Break (OPAB); Physical Activity Break with Exergame (PABEx). After the conditions, executive functions and selective attention were assessed by the Stroop Color and Word Test (SCWT), and the Trail Making A,B test (TMT A,B), respectively. Significant differences between OPAB and NPAB as well as between PABEx and NPAB in the TMT-A test χ2(2) = 44.66 (p < 0.001) and TMT-B test χ2(2) = 48.67 (p < 0.001) were found, respectively. TMT-A and SCWT interference/time scores of the PABEx and OPAB conditions were significantly lower than those of NPAB (p < 0.001). In the SCWT interference/error score, no significant difference was found between the PABEx and NPAB (p > 0.05), but the score was statistically lower in the OPAB condition than PABEx (p = 0.001) and PABEx condition compared to OPAB for TMT-A (p = 0.001). Findings showed that the OPAB and PABEx conditions are effective in improving selective attention and executive functions in healthcare workers. Employers can foster a healthier and more productive workforce by promoting a culture of movement and prioritizing employee health, which in turn can enhance patient care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Fischetti
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Ilaria Pepe
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Gianpiero Greco
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Maurizio Ranieri
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Luca Poli
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Stefania Cataldi
- Department of Translational Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy; (F.F.); (I.P.); (M.R.); (L.P.)
| | - Luigi Vimercati
- Section of Occupational Medicine, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Study of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy;
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Passarello N, Turriziani P, Lucidi F, Mandolesi L. Executive function and spatial abilities in physically active children: an explorative study. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:325. [PMID: 38831358 PMCID: PMC11149259 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular physical activity has consistently shown promise in improving cognitive functioning among children. However, there is a shortage of comprehensive studies that delve into these benefits across various cognitive domains. This preliminary investigation aimed to discern potential disparities in cognitive performance between active and sedentary children, with a specific focus on inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and visuo-spatial working memory abilities. METHODS The study employed a cross-sectional design encompassing 26 children (mean age 9.53 ± 2.20 years), categorized into two groups: Active and Sedentary. Executive functions were assessed using the NEPSY-II, while visuo-spatial working memory abilities were evaluated through the table version of the Radial Arm Maze (table-RAM) task. All outputs were analyzed with One-way ANOVAS or Kruskal-Wallis Tests to assess differences between Active and Sedentary children in both executive functioning and visuo-spatial working memory processes. RESULTS The findings revealed that the Active group outperformed the sedentary group in inhibitory control (F1,23 = 4.99, p = 0.03*), cognitive flexibility (F1,23 = 5.77, p = 0.02*), spatial span (F1,23 = 4.40, p = 0.04*), and working memory errors (F1,23 = 8.59, p = 0.01**). Both spatial span and working memory errors are parameters closely associated with visuo-spatial working memory abilities. CONCLUSIONS Although preliminary, these results offer evidence of a positive link between physical activity and cognitive functioning in children. This indicates the importance of promoting active behaviors, especially within educational environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Passarello
- General and Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Department of Humanities, University of Naples "Federico" II, Naples, Italy
| | - Patrizia Turriziani
- Neuropsychology Lab, Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Lucidi
- Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Mandolesi
- General and Experimental Psychology Laboratory, Department of Humanities, University of Naples "Federico" II, Naples, Italy.
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30
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Matricciani L, Dumuid D, Stanford T, Maher C, Bennett P, Bobrovskaya L, Murphy A, Olds T. Time use and dimensions of healthy sleep: A cross-sectional study of Australian children and adults. Sleep Health 2024; 10:348-355. [PMID: 38199899 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep is increasingly recognized as a multidimensional construct that occurs within the 24-hour day. Despite advances in our understanding, studies continue to consider the relationship between sleep, sedentary time and physical activity separately, and not as part of the 24-hour day. AIMS To determine the association between the 24-hour activity composition and dimensions of healthy sleep. METHODS This study examined data on 1168 children (mean age 12years; 49% female) and 1360 adults (mean age 44years; 87% female) collected as part of the Child Health CheckPoint study. Participants were asked to wear a GENEActiv monitor (Activinsights, Cambs, UK) on their nondominant wrist for eight consecutive days to measure 24-hour time-use. Compositional data analysis was used to examine the association between time use (actigraphy-derived sleep duration, sedentary time, light physical activity and moderate-vigorous physical activity) and dimensions of healthy sleep. Healthy sleep was conceptualized in terms of continuity/efficiency, timing, alertness/sleepiness, satisfaction/quality, and regularity. Time allocations were also examined. RESULTS The 24-hour activity composition was significantly associated with all objectively measured and self-report dimensions of healthy sleep in both children and adults. Allocating more time to sleep was associated with earlier sleep onsets, later sleep offsets, less efficient and more consistent sleep patterns for both children and adults. CONCLUSION This study highlights the integral relationship between daily activities and dimensions of sleep. Considering sleep within the 24-hour day activity composition framework may help inform lifestyle decisions to improve sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Matricciani
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Rosemary Bryant AO Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Dorothea Dumuid
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Allied Health and Human Performance (AHHP), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ty Stanford
- Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carol Maher
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Allied Health and Human Performance (AHHP), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Bennett
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Larisa Bobrovskaya
- Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Murphy
- Allied Health and Human Performance (AHHP), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tim Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Allied Health and Human Performance (AHHP), University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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31
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Timm I, Giurgiu M, Ebner-Priemer U, Reichert M. The Within-Subject Association of Physical Behavior and Affective Well-Being in Everyday Life: A Systematic Literature Review. Sports Med 2024; 54:1667-1705. [PMID: 38705972 PMCID: PMC11239742 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02016-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay of physical activity (PA) with affective well-being (AWB) is highly critical to both health behaviors and health outcomes. Current prominent theories presume AWB to be crucial for PA maintenance, and PA is evidenced to foster mental health. However, thus far, PA-AWB associations have mainly been researched in laboratory settings and with interventional designs, but the everyday life perspective had not been focused on, mostly due to technological limitations. In the course of digitization, the number of studies using device-based methods to research the within-subject association of physical activity and affective well-being (PA-AWB) under ecological valid conditions increased rapidly, but a recent comprehensive systematic review of evidence across populations, age groups, and distinct AWB components remained inconclusive. OBJECTIVES Therefore, we aimed to firstly review daily-life studies that assessed intensive longitudinal device-based (e.g., electronic smartphone diaries and accelerometry) and real-time PA-AWB data, secondly to develop and apply a quality assessment tool applicable to those studies, and thirdly to discuss findings and draw implications for research and practice. METHODS To this end, the literature was searched in three databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus) up to November 2022. The systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and had been pre-registered (PROSPERO id: CRD42021277327). A modified quality assessment tool was developed to illustrate the risk of bias of included studies. RESULTS The review of findings showed that, in general, already short PA bouts in everyday life, which clearly differ from structured exercise sessions, are positively associated with AWB. In particular, feelings of energy relate to incidental (non-exercise and unstructured) activity, and PA-AWB associations depend on population characteristics. The quality assessment revealed overall moderate study quality; however, the methods applied were largely heterogeneous between investigations. Overall, the reviewed evidence on PA-AWB associations in everyday life is ambiguous; for example, no clear patterns of directions and strengths of PA-AWB relationships depending on PA and AWB components (such as intensity, emotions, affect, mood) emerged. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed evidence can fuel discussions on whether the World Health Organization's notion "every move counts" may be extended to everyday life AWB. Concurrently, the PA-AWB relationship findings endorse prominent theories highlighting the critical role of AWB in everyday PA engagement and maintenance. However, the review also clearly highlights the need to advance and harmonize methodological approaches for more fine-grained investigations on which specific PA/AWB characteristics, contextual factors, and biological determinants underly PA-AWB associations in everyday life. This will enable the field to tackle pressing challenges such as the issue of causality of PA-AWB associations, which will help to shape and refine existing theories to ultimately predict and improve health behavior, thereby feeding into precision medicine approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Timm
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Marco Giurgiu
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), partner site Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- Mental mHealth Lab, Institute of Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hertzstr. 16, 76187, Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of eHealth and Sports Analytics, Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Gesundheitscampus-Nord 10, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
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McCartney D, Irwin C, Bawa Z, Palmer B, Sahinovic A, Delang N, Cox GR, Desbrow B, Lau NS, McGregor IS. The Effect of Cannabidiol on Subjective Responses to Endurance Exercise: A Randomised Controlled Trial. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2024; 10:61. [PMID: 38782848 PMCID: PMC11116295 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-024-00727-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise is known to improve health. However, it can be unpleasant, often inducing negative feelings, or 'affect'. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating constituent of the cannabis plant, has been reported to enhance the subjective experience of exercise; specifically, in trained individuals performing fixed-intensity endurance activity. Here, we investigated the effects of CBD on subjective responses to exercise under more ecologically valid conditions; namely, in recreationally active individuals performing self-paced endurance activity. METHODS A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conducted at Griffith University between July 17 and August 28, 2023. Griffith University students studying sports nutrition were invited to take part, with eligible volunteers ≥ 18 years of age and able to perform endurance exercise. Participants ingested placebo or 150 mg CBD in two soft-gel capsules 90 min before completing a self-paced 25-lap (10 km) run around an outdoor athletics track (400 m, synthetic). The primary outcomes were affective valence during exercise, assessed on completion of laps 6, 12, 18 and 24 using the 'Feelings Scale', and positive and negative affect, assessed at baseline, pre-run and post-run using the 'Positive and Negative Affect Schedule'. Exercise enjoyment, motivation and self-efficacy, the core features of the 'runner's high' (i.e., euphoria, pain, anxiety, sedation), perceived exertion and run time were also assessed. RESULTS Fifty-two participants were randomised and 51 were included in the final sample (n = 22 female; 22 [21-25] years). Exercise induced negative affect (i.e., at the time of undertaking) and increased pain. CBD did not counteract either response. In fact, CBD had no significant effects on any of the outcomes measured. In contrast, exercise, once completed, increased positive affect, and decreased negative affect and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS CBD (150 mg, oral) does not appear to enhance the subjective experience of self-paced endurance exercise in recreationally active individuals. Nor, however, does it appear to compromise it. These findings suggest that CBD use is safe under exercise conditions and unlikely to impede physical activity participation. Our study also reaffirms the powerful mood-enhancing effects of exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( www.anzctr.org.au ) on May 31, 2023 (Trial ID: ACTRN12623000593639).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle McCartney
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- The University of Sydney, 94 Mallett Street, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Christopher Irwin
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Zeeta Bawa
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Blake Palmer
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ayshe Sahinovic
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nathan Delang
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Gregory R Cox
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ben Desbrow
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Namson S Lau
- The Boden Initiative, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Iain S McGregor
- Lambert Initiative for Cannabinoid Therapeutics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ando S, Ishioka Y, Kambayashi S, Kano K, Fujibayashi M, Costello JT, Sudo M. Combined effects of electrical muscle stimulation and cycling exercise on cognitive performance. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1408963. [PMID: 38827991 PMCID: PMC11140777 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1408963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a combination of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) and cycling exercise is beneficial for improving cognitive performance. Eighteen participants (7 females and 11 males) performed a Go/No-Go task before and 2 min after i) cycling exercise (EX), ii) a combination of EMS and cycling (EMS + EX) and iii) a control (rest) intervention in a randomized controlled crossover design. In the EX intervention, the participants cycled an ergometer for 20 min with their heart rate maintained at ∼120 beats·min-1. In the EMS + EX intervention, the participants cycled an ergometer simultaneously with EMS for 20 min, with heart rate maintained at ∼120 beats·min-1. In the Control intervention, the participants remained at rest while seated on the ergometer. Cognitive performance was assessed by reaction time (RT) and accuracy. There was a significant interaction between intervention and time (p = 0.007). RT was reduced in the EX intervention (p = 0.054, matched rank biserial correlation coefficient = 0.520). In the EMS + EX intervention, RT was not altered (p = 0.243, Cohen's d = 0.285) despite no differences in heart rate between the EX and EMS + EX interventions (p = 0.551). RT was increased in the Control intervention (p = 0.038, Cohen's d = -0.529). These results indicate that combining EMS and cycling does not alter cognitive performance despite elevated heart rate, equivalent to a moderate intensity. The present findings suggest that brain activity during EMS with cycling exercise may be insufficient to improve cognitive performance when compared to exercise alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Ishioka
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sari Kambayashi
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kano
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Joseph T. Costello
- School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Mizuki Sudo
- Physical Fitness Research Institute, Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Fraile-Martinez O, García-Montero C, Fraile-Martinez M, Pekarek L, Barrena-Blázquez S, López-González L, Álvarez-Mon MÁ, Pekarek T, Casanova C, Álvarez-Mon M, Diaz R, Saez MA, Ortega MA. A comprehensive study of the academic benefits and practical recommendations to include resistance training programs in institutional education. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1387162. [PMID: 38817830 PMCID: PMC11139023 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1387162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The connection between physical activity and cognitive function has become a focus of attention in educational research in recent years. Regular exercise has been shown to have significant positive effects on physical health, but it also appears to have a significant impact on cognitive function and academic performance. Of all the exercise modalities, resistance training has drawn interest for its ability to improve cerebral abilities in addition to physical well-being. However, there is limited available knowledge exploring the relationship between resistance training regimens and academic performance. This narrative review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking resistance training to academic performance. Firstly, we will examine the biological mechanisms and psychosocial links that potentially connect resistance training to academic performance to find and describe the different mechanisms by which resistance training improves academic performance. In the next part of the work, we delve into the existing observational and intervention studies that have explored the relationship between resistance training and academic performance. Lastly, we provide practical recommendations for including resistance training in institutional education settings, emphasizing the need of dispelling myths and addressing barriers to increase participation as well as the relevance of considering key training variables and adaptation of protocols to developmental stages, always guided by a properly trained professional. Overall, the available evidence supports that resistance training provides potential benefits to the academic performance of youth students with many biological and psychosocial factors that explain this relationship. However, most of the studies are observational, and broader interventional studies are needed to understand and maximize the benefits of this type of physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cielo García-Montero
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Fraile-Martinez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Leonel Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvestra Barrena-Blázquez
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Surgery Service, University Hospital Principe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Laura López-González
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Tatiana Pekarek
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Casanova
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology Service, University Hospital Principe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Raul Diaz
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Surgery Service, University Hospital Principe de Asturias, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Social Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Saez
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties (CIBEREHD), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcala de Henares, Spain
- Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
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Cline TL, Morfini F, Tinney E, Makarewycz E, Lloyd K, Olafsson V, Bauer CC, Kramer AF, Raine LB, Gabard-Durnam LJ, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Hillman CH. Resting-State Functional Connectivity Change in Frontoparietal and Default Mode Networks After Acute Exercise in Youth. Brain Plast 2024; 9:5-20. [PMID: 39081665 PMCID: PMC11234706 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-240003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single bout of aerobic exercise can provide acute benefits to cognition and emotion in children. Yet, little is known about how acute exercise may impact children's underlying brain networks' resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC). OBJECTIVE Using a data-driven multivariate pattern analysis, we investigated the effects of a single dose of exercise on acute rsFC changes in 9-to-13-year-olds. METHODS On separate days in a crossover design, participants (N = 21) completed 20-mins of acute treadmill walking at 65-75% heart rate maximum (exercise condition) and seated reading (control condition), with pre- and post-fMRI scans. Multivariate pattern analysis was used to investigate rsFC change between conditions. RESULTS Three clusters in the left lateral prefrontal cortex (lPFC) of the frontoparietal network (FPN) had significantly different rsFC after the exercise condition compared to the control condition. Post-hoc analyses revealed that from before to after acute exercise, activity of these FPN clusters became more correlated with bilateral lPFC and the left basal ganglia. Additionally, the left lPFC became more anti-correlated with the precuneus of the default mode network (DMN). An opposite pattern was observed from before to after seated reading. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that a single dose of exercise increases connectivity within the FPN, FPN integration with subcortical regions involved in movement and cognition, and segregation of FPN and DMN. Such patterns, often associated with healthier cognitive and emotional control, may underlie the transient mental benefits observed following acute exercise in youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor L. Cline
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Francesca Morfini
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Emma Tinney
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Ethan Makarewycz
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katherine Lloyd
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valur Olafsson
- Northeastern University Biomedical Imaging Center, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemens C.C. Bauer
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science & Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Il, USA
| | - Lauren B. Raine
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurel J. Gabard-Durnam
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Charles H. Hillman
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cognitive & Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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36
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Grellier J, White MP, de Bell S, Brousse O, Elliott LR, Fleming LE, Heaviside C, Simpson C, Taylor T, Wheeler BW, Lovell R. Valuing the health benefits of nature-based recreational physical activity in England. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 187:108667. [PMID: 38642505 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) reduces the risk of several non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Natural environments support recreational PA. Using data including a representative cross-sectional survey of the English population, we estimated the annual value of nature-based PA conducted in England in 2019 in terms of avoided healthcare and societal costs of disease. Population-representative data from the Monitor of Engagement with the Natural Environment (MENE) survey (n = 47,580; representing 44,386,756) were used to estimate the weekly volume of nature-based recreational PA by adults in England in 2019. We used epidemiological dose-response data to calculate incident cases of six NCDs (ischaemic heart disease (IHD), ischaemic stroke (IS), type 2 diabetes (T2D), colon cancer (CC), breast cancer (BC) and major depressive disorder (MDD)) prevented through nature-based PA, and estimated associated savings using published costs of healthcare, informal care and productivity losses. We investigated additional savings resulting from hypothetical increases in: (a) visitor PA and (b) visitor numbers. In 2019, 22million adults > 16 years of age in England visited natural environments at least weekly. At reported volumes of nature-based PA, we estimated that 550 cases of IHD, 168 cases of IS, 1,410 cases of T2D, 41 cases of CC, 37 cases of BC and 10,552 cases of MDD were prevented, creating annual savings of £108.7million (95 % uncertainty interval: £70.3million; £150.3million). Nature-based recreational PA in England results in reduced burden of disease and considerable annual savings through prevention of priority NCDs. Strategies that increase nature-based PA could lead to further reductions in the societal burden of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Grellier
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK; Institute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Mathew P White
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK; Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, Kolingasse 14-16, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Siân de Bell
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK; Exeter HS&DR Evidence Synthesis Centre, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, UK
| | - Oscar Brousse
- The Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lewis R Elliott
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Lora E Fleming
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Clare Heaviside
- The Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Charles Simpson
- The Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, Faculty of the Built Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tim Taylor
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Benedict W Wheeler
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Rebecca Lovell
- European Centre for Environment & Human Health, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
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Boa Sorte Silva NC, Ten Brinke LF, Bielak AAM, Handy TC, Liu-Ambrose T. Improved intraindividual variability in cognitive performance following cognitive and exercise training in older adults. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:328-338. [PMID: 37860873 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased intraindividual variability (IIV) of cognitive performance is a marker of cognitive decline in older adults. Whether computerized cognitive training (CCT) and aerobic exercise counteracts cognitive decline by reducing IIV is unknown. We investigated the effects of CCT with or without aerobic exercise on IIV in older adults. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of an 8-week randomized controlled trial. Older adults (aged 65-85 years) were randomized to CCT alone (n = 41), CCT with aerobic exercise (n = 41), or an active control group (n = 42). The CCT group trained using the Fit Brains® platform 3×/week for 1 hr (plus 3×/week of home-based training). The CCT with aerobic exercise group received 15 min of walking plus 45 min of Fit Brains® 3×/week (plus 3×/week of home-based training). The control group received sham exercise and cognitive training (3×/week for 1 hr). We computed reaction time IIV from the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test, Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test (Flanker), and Pattern Comparison Processing Speed Test (PACPS). RESULTS Compared with the control group, IIV reduced in a processing speed task (PACPS) following CCT alone (mean difference [95% confidence interval]: -0.144 [-0.255 to -0.034], p < 0.01) and CCT with aerobic exercise (-0.113 [-0.225 to -0.001], p < 0.05). Attention (Flanker congruent) IIV was reduced only after CCT with aerobic exercise (-0.130 [-0.242 to -0.017], p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A CCT program promoted cognitive health via reductions in IIV of cognitive performance and combining it with aerobic exercise may result in broader benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nárlon C Boa Sorte Silva
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lisanne F Ten Brinke
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Allison A M Bielak
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Todd C Handy
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Stallsmith VT, Piercey CJ, Mataczynski MM, Karoly HC, Emery NN. Probing the Paradox: Investigating the Impact of Affect, Exercise Type, and Cannabis Use on the Alcohol-Exercise Relationship in College Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXERCISE SCIENCE 2024; 17:623-632. [PMID: 38863556 PMCID: PMC11166137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol has previously shown a paradoxical positive relationship with exercise behaviors. However, the relationship has not been explored according to type of exercise (aerobic vs. anaerobic), nor has the research considered other contextual variables that commonly co-occur with alcohol use, such as cannabis and mood. This study sought to expand upon previous research to understand how the alcohol-exercise relationship may vary based on exercise type. Additionally, this study included cannabis use and mood as moderators of the alcohol-exercise association. Cross-sectional survey data was collected from college students (N = 335). Negative binomial regression was used to test associations between exercise and alcohol consumption, cannabis use, positive affect (PA), negative affect (NA), and moderating effects of these factors on the alcohol-exercise relationship. Effect sizes are reported from an Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR). Sex assigned at birth (male = 1, female = 0; IRR = 1.34, p = .017), PA (IRR = 1.57, p = .001), and alcohol consumption (IRR = 1.94, p = .037) exhibited positive relationships with exercise. Significant main effects were not observed for negative affect (IRR = 1.17, p = .230), or cannabis use (IRR = 1.00, p = .988). There was a significant interaction between positive affect and alcohol consumption (IRR = 0.87, p = .044) predicting exercise minutes. Alcohol was positively associated with exercise for those with low positive affect (n = 42, b = 12.61, p = .096) and this effect was attenuated as levels of positive affect increased (mean positive affect: n = 232, b = 0.55, p = .926; high positive affect: n = 61, b = -15.86, p = .146). These findings suggest that low positive affect may contribute to the positive link between alcohol use and exercise (especially aerobic exercise) in young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cianna J Piercey
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Hollis C Karoly
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Noah N Emery
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Wu LY, Hsu HC, Ni LF, Yan YJ, Hwang RJ. Effect of Physical Exercise on Executive Functions Using the Emotional Stroop Task in Perimenopausal Women: A Pilot Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:338. [PMID: 38667134 PMCID: PMC11047564 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exercise has beneficial effects on emotional cognitive control for the majority of the population. However, the impact of exercise on cognitive processes in perimenopausal women remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of aerobic exercise on the cognitive processes of perimenopausal women using an emotional Stroop task (EST). METHOD A quasi-experimental pilot study was conducted involving 14 perimenopausal women (Peri-MG) and 13 healthy young women (YG) who completed an EST before and after an aerobic cycling exercise. Mixed-effects models for repeated measures were used to analyze reaction times (RTs) and error rates (ERs) during emotional word processing (positive, negative, and neutral) for both groups. RESULTS Compared with the YG, the Peri-MG showed significantly shortened RTs for positive and negative emotions (p < 0.05) post-exercise, but not for neutral words. In addition, the Peri-MG exhibited significantly increased ERs for negative words at baseline compared with the YG (p < 0.05), but this difference was not observed during the post-exercise test. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that aerobic exercise can enhance executive control performance in perimenopausal women. The Peri-MG exhibited marked behavioral plasticity in the form of reduced bias to salient cues that were significantly more sensitive to alterations due to exercise. This new evidence enhances the understanding of emotional vulnerability and beneficial susceptibility to exercise in perimenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yu Wu
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333424, Taiwan; (L.-Y.W.); (L.-F.N.); (Y.-J.Y.)
| | - Hsiu-Chin Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Gerontology and Health Care Management, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333424, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Fen Ni
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333424, Taiwan; (L.-Y.W.); (L.-F.N.); (Y.-J.Y.)
- Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Clinical Competency Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333424, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Jia Yan
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333424, Taiwan; (L.-Y.W.); (L.-F.N.); (Y.-J.Y.)
- Intellectual Property Office, MOEA, Taipei City 100210, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jen Hwang
- Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333424, Taiwan; (L.-Y.W.); (L.-F.N.); (Y.-J.Y.)
- Department of Nursing, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan
- Clinical Competency Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333424, Taiwan
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Li L, Wang P, Zhao Q, Liu Z, Li S, Wang X. Latent profile analysis of depressive symptoms in college students and its relationship with physical activity. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:364-371. [PMID: 38296059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the classification of depressive symptoms in college students and the relationship between those symptoms and physical activity. METHODS A convenience sampling method was employed to enlist college students from Songjiang University Town in Shanghai to complete in the General Information Questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Physical Activity Scale-3. RESULTS A total of 3541 students were analyzed, averaging 19.34 years of age with a male composition of 53 %. The participants can be classified into four categories, namely: Group 1, which exhibits the most severe depressive symptoms, including suicidal ideation and cognitive symptoms (11.07 %); Group 2, which only manifests cognitive symptoms without suicidal ideation (14.35 %); Group 3, which presents mild depressive symptoms (23.61 %); and Group 4, consisting of normal college students (50.97 %). Students with strained family and interpersonal relationships, high levels of academic stress, and low frequency of social activities were at higher risk for detecting suicidal intention and cognitive symptoms. The level of physical activity was significantly higher in the normal group than in the other groups (all P < 0.001), and only the frequency of exercise was significantly different among the remaining three groups (χ2 = 14.716, P = 0.005). The detection rate of cognitive symptoms was significantly lower when exercising >3 times per week for 30-59 min (OR = 0.740, 95 % CI: 0.590-0.928; OR = 0.596, 95 % CI: 0.427-0.831).The detection rate of suicidal thoughts was significantly lower when exercising 2 times per month to 2 times per week or >3 times per week (OR = 0.585, 95 % CI: 0.404-0.847; OR = 0.392, 95 % CI: 0.258-0.595). CONCLUSION Suicidal ideation and cognitive symptoms can differentiate between various categories of depressive symptoms among college students. Engaging in physical activity serves as a protective factor against depressive symptoms among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Shanghai University Of Engineering Science, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
| | - Zuhong Liu
- Shanghai Sanda University, Shanghai 314199, China
| | - Shufan Li
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Bodensohn L, Maurer A, Daamen M, Upadhyay N, Werkhausen J, Lohaus M, Manunzio U, Manunzio C, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Boecker H. Inverted U-shape-like functional connectivity alterations in cognitive resting-state networks depending on exercise intensity: An fMRI study. Brain Cogn 2024; 177:106156. [PMID: 38613926 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Acute physical activity influences cognitive performance. However, the relationship between exercise intensity, neural network activity, and cognitive performance remains poorly understood. This study examined the effects of different exercise intensities on resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) and cognitive performance. Twenty male athletes (27.3 ± 3.6 years) underwent cycling exercises of different intensities (high, low, rest/control) on different days in randomized order. Before and after, subjects performed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and a behavioral Attention Network Test (ANT). Independent component analysis and Linear mixed effects models examined rsFC changes within ten resting-state networks. No significant changes were identified in ANT performance. Resting-state analyses revealed a significant interaction in the Left Frontoparietal Network, driven by a non-significant rsFC increase after low-intensity and a significant rsFC decrease after high-intensity exercise, suggestive of an inverted U-shape relationship between exercise intensity and rsFC. Similar but trend-level rsFC interactions were observed in the Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) and the Cerebellar Basal Ganglia Network. Explorative correlation analysis revealed a significant positive association between rsFC increases in the right superior parietal lobule (part of DAN) and better ANT orienting in the low-intensity condition. Results indicate exercise intensity-dependent subacute rsFC changes in cognition-related networks, but their cognitive-behavioral relevance needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Bodensohn
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Werkhausen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marvin Lohaus
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ursula Manunzio
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 82, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Manunzio
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 82, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Radbruch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 81, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 74, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Lab, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, Building 07, 53127 Bonn, Germany
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Lohaus M, Maurer A, Upadhyay N, Daamen M, Bodensohn L, Werkhausen J, Manunzio C, Manunzio U, Radbruch A, Attenberger U, Boecker H. Differential modulation of resting-state functional connectivity between amygdala and precuneus after acute physical exertion of varying intensity: indications for a role in affective regulation. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1349477. [PMID: 38646163 PMCID: PMC11027744 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1349477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Physical activity influences psychological well-being. This study aimed to determine the impact of exercise intensity on psychological well-being and alterations in emotion-related brain functional connectivity (FC). Methods Twenty young, healthy, trained athletes performed a low- and high-intensity interval exercise (LIIE and HIIE) as well as a control condition in a within-subject crossover design. Before and after each condition, Positive And Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) was assessed as well as resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). Voxel-wise FC was examined for bilateral amygdala seed region to whole-brain and emotion-related anatomical regions (e.g., insula, temporal pole, precuneus). Data analyses were performed using linear mixed-effect models with fixed factors condition and time. Results The PANAS Positive Affect scale showed a significant increase after LIIE and HIIE and a significant reduction in Negative Affect after the control condition. In rs-fMRI, no significant condition-by-time interactions were observed between the amygdala and whole brain. Amygdala-precuneus FC analysis showed an interaction effect, suggesting reduced post-exercise anticorrelation after the control condition, but stable, or even slightly enhanced anticorrelation for the exercise conditions, especially HIIE. Discussion In conclusion, both LIIE and HIIE had positive effects on mood and concomitant effects on amygdala-precuneus FC, particularly after HIIE. Although no significant correlations were found between amygdala-precuneus FC and PANAS, results should be discussed in the context of affective disorders in whom abnormal amygdala-precuneus FC has been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Lohaus
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Angelika Maurer
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Neeraj Upadhyay
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Deutsche Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luisa Bodensohn
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Werkhausen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Manunzio
- Sportsmedicine, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ursula Manunzio
- Sportsmedicine, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ulrike Attenberger
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Hayes SM. Establishing the feasibility of exercise breaks during university lectures. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1358564. [PMID: 38645725 PMCID: PMC11027499 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1358564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
It is important that principles of laboratory-based studies with implications for academic performance be implemented in naturalistic learning environments to gauge their feasibility. Here, an adaptation of a laboratory-based study of exercise breaks during a single video lecture was implemented during large, in-person lectures at Ohio State University for the duration of a semester. The rationale for this approach was based on findings that research participants who took exercise breaks during a video lecture were more likely to be on task towards the end of the lecture and performed significantly better on a multiple choice exam. The current project had three goals: (1) Establish the feasibility of integrating student-led exercise breaks during in-person lectures in a large university setting (2) Provide practical guidelines for implementing exercise breaks during in-person lectures (3) Provide preliminary evidence of positive effects of exercise breaks in a higher-education setting. One to two student-led exercise breaks (5 min each) were implemented during each 80 min, in-person lecture for the duration of a semester in four upper level Psychology courses with student enrollment ranging from 20 to 93 students (total enrollment = 223 students). Students reported that the exercise breaks were a strength of the courses and a positive experience, including self-reported improvement in attention to lecture content. Self-reported quantitative data indicated that exercise breaks improved attention, increased course enjoyment, and enhanced peer engagement. Compared to other classes, the students preferred exercise breaks during lectures. The current approach establishes the feasibility of integrating exercise breaks in a large, in-person university lecture environment for the duration of a semester with preliminary data indicating a positive impact on attention, engagement, and enjoyment. Practical guidelines for implementing exercise breaks during in-person lectures are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Hayes
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Chronic Brain Injury Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Saner NJ, Lee MJC, Pitchford NW, Broatch JR, Roach GD, Bishop DJ, Bartlett JD. The effect of sleep restriction, with or without high-intensity interval exercise, on behavioural alertness and mood state in young healthy males. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13987. [PMID: 37434366 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Mood state and alertness are negatively affected by sleep loss, and can be positively influenced by exercise. However, the potential mitigating effects of exercise on sleep-loss-induced changes in mood state and alertness have not been studied comprehensively. Twenty-four healthy young males were matched into one of three, 5-night sleep interventions: normal sleep (NS; total sleep time (TST) per night = 449 ± 22 min), sleep restriction (SR; TST = 230 ± 5 min), or sleep restriction and exercise (SR + EX; TST = 235 ± 5 min, plus three sessions of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE)). Mood state was assessed using the profile of mood states (POMS) and a daily well-being questionnaire. Alertness was assessed using psychomotor vigilance testing (PVT). Following the intervention, POMS total mood disturbance scores significantly increased for both the SR and SR + EX groups, and were greater than the NS group (SR vs NS; 31.0 ± 10.7 A.U., [4.4-57.7 A.U.], p = 0.020; SR + EX vs NS; 38.6 ± 14.9 A.U., [11.1-66.1 A.U.], p = 0.004). The PVT reaction times increased in the SR (p = 0.049) and SR + EX groups (p = 0.033) and the daily well-being questionnaire revealed increased levels of fatigue in both groups (SR; p = 0.041, SR + EX; p = 0.026) during the intervention. Despite previously demonstrated physiological benefits of performing three sessions of HIIE during five nights of sleep restriction, the detriments to mood, wellness, and alertness were not mitigated by exercise in this study. Whether alternatively timed exercise sessions or other exercise protocols could promote more positive outcomes on these factors during sleep restriction requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Saner
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew J-C Lee
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nathan W Pitchford
- School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - James R Broatch
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Greg D Roach
- Appleton Institute for Behavioural Science, Central Queensland University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan D Bartlett
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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Moussiopoulou J, Pross B, Handrack M, Keeser D, Pogarell O, Halle M, Falkai P, Scherr J, Hasan A, Roeh A. The influence of marathon running on resting-state EEG activity: a longitudinal observational study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1311-1321. [PMID: 38019317 PMCID: PMC10954932 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) has positive effects on various health aspects and neuronal functions, including neuronal plasticity. Exceeding a certain exercise frequency and duration has been associated with negative effects. Our study investigated the effects of excessive PA with a marathon run (MA) and regular PA (training and recovery phases) on electrocortical activity, as measured by electroencephalography (EEG). Thirty healthy marathon runners (26 male, 45 ± 9 yrs) were enrolled in the study. Four resting-state 32 channel EEG recordings were conducted: 12-8 weeks before MA (T-1), 14-4 days prior to MA (T0), 1-6 days after (T2), and 13-15 weeks after MA (T3). Power spectrum analyses were conducted using standardized Low-Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography (sLORETA) and included the following frequency bands: delta (1.5-6 Hz), theta (6.5-8.0 Hz), alpha1 (8.5-10 Hz), alpha2 (10.5-12.0 Hz), beta1 (12.5-18.0 Hz), beta2 (18.5-21.0 Hz), beta3 (21.5-30.0 Hz), and total power (1.5-30 Hz). Statistical nonparametric mapping showed reduced power both in the alpha-2 (log-F ratio = - 0.705, threshold log-F ratio = ± 0.685, p < 0.05) and in the delta frequency band (log-F ratio = -0.699, threshold log-F ratio = ± 0.685, p < 0.05) in frontal cortical areas after MA (T2 vs. T0). These effects diminished at long-term follow-up (T3). The results can be interpreted as correlates for subacute neuroplasticity induced by strenuous and prolonged PA. Although previous studies reported an increase in alpha frequency during and directly postexercise, the adverse observation a few days after exercise cessation suggests counterregulatory mechanisms, whose complex origin can be suspected in subcortical circuits, changes in neurotransmitter systems and modulation of affectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Moussiopoulou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Pross
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Medical Faculty, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Handrack
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Keeser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- NeuroImaging Core Unit Munich (NICUM), Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Pogarell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, 80992, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance), Potsdamer Str. 58, 10785, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Scherr
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, University Hospital Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, Technical University Munich, Georg-Brauchle-Ring 56, 80992, Munich, Germany
- University Center for Preventive and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Forchstrasse 340, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alkomiet Hasan
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Medical Faculty, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Roeh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics of the University Augsburg, Medical Faculty, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Hobgood CD, Jarman AF. Resilience Building Practices for Women Physicians. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2024; 33:532-541. [PMID: 37843899 PMCID: PMC11238838 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Women now make up more than half of the physician workforce, but they are disproportionately plagued by burnout. Medicine is a fast-paced stressful field, the practice of which is associated with significant chronic stress due to systems issues, crowding, electronic medical records, and patient case mix. Hospitals and health care systems are responsible for mitigating system-based burnout-prone conditions, but often their best efforts fail. Physicians, particularly women, must confront their stressors and the daily burden of significant system strain when this occurs. Those who routinely exceed their cumulative stress threshold may experience burnout, career dissatisfaction, and second victim syndrome and, ultimately, may prematurely leave medicine. These conditions affect women in medicine more often than men and may also produce a higher incidence of health issues, including depression, substance use disorder, and suicide. The individual self-care required to maintain health and raise stress thresholds is not widely ingrained in provider practice patterns or behavior. However, the successful long-term practice of high-stress occupations, such as medicine, requires that physicians, especially women physicians, attend to their wellness. In this article, we address one aspect of health, resilience, and review six practices that can create additional stores of personal resilience when proactively integrated into a daily routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherri D Hobgood
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angela F Jarman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, California, USA
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Skovbjerg G, Fritzen AM, Svendsen CSA, Perens J, Skytte JL, Lund C, Lund J, Madsen MR, Roostalu U, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Clemmensen C. Atlas of exercise-induced brain activation in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 82:101907. [PMID: 38428817 PMCID: PMC10943479 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is significant interest in uncovering the mechanisms through which exercise enhances cognition, memory, and mood, and lowers the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we utilize forced treadmill running and distance-matched voluntary wheel running, coupled with light sheet 3D brain imaging and c-Fos immunohistochemistry, to generate a comprehensive atlas of exercise-induced brain activation in mice. METHODS To investigate the effects of exercise on brain activity, we compared whole-brain activation profiles of mice subjected to treadmill running with mice subjected to distance-matched wheel running. Male mice were assigned to one of four groups: a) an acute bout of voluntary wheel running, b) confinement to a cage with a locked running wheel, c) forced treadmill running, or d) placement on an inactive treadmill. Immediately following each exercise or control intervention, blood samples were collected for plasma analysis, and brains were collected for whole-brain c-Fos quantification. RESULTS Our dataset reveals 255 brain regions activated by acute exercise in mice, the majority of which have not previously been linked to exercise. We find a broad response of 140 regulated brain regions that are shared between voluntary wheel running and treadmill running, while 32 brain regions are uniquely regulated by wheel running and 83 brain regions uniquely regulated by treadmill running. In contrast to voluntary wheel running, forced treadmill running triggers activity in brain regions associated with stress, fear, and pain. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a significant overlap in neuronal activation signatures between voluntary wheel running and distance-matched forced treadmill running. However, our analysis also reveals notable differences and subtle nuances between these two widely used paradigms. The comprehensive dataset is accessible online at www.neuropedia.dk, with the aim of enabling future research directed towards unraveling the neurobiological response to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethe Skovbjerg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Gubra, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Andreas Mæchel Fritzen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Sashi Aier Svendsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Camilla Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Tam CK, Chang YH, Tan KH. The Effects of Single-Bout Exercise Interventions with Different Exercise Modalities on Executive Function in Youths. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:86. [PMID: 38668554 PMCID: PMC11053917 DOI: 10.3390/sports12040086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate how single-bout open-skill exercise (OSE), closed-skill exercise (CSE), and mixed-skill exercise intervention (MSE) influence executive function. METHOD A total of 120 students aged between 18 and 25 were separated into three groups: closed-skill exercise, open-skill exercise, and mixed-skill exercise. A task-switching test was performed before and after a single bout of exercise intervention. The simple reaction time, choice reaction time, switch cost, and correction rate were tested in a task-switching test. The results were analyzed via a two-way analysis of variance, with a significance level of α = 0.05, to compare the effects of the intervention. RESULTS Only open-skill exercise exhibited a significant effect on the simple reaction time (p < 0.05). In terms of choice reaction time and switch cost, all three intervention groups exhibited significant improvements, with no significant differences observed between the three groups (p < 0.05). The correction rate did not show a significant effect post-intervention, and no significant differences were observed between the groups. The correction rate showed no significant effect after the intervention or between groups. CONCLUSION All three types of exercise can shorten choice reaction time and switch cost, but only OSE can reduce simple reaction time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Kit Tam
- Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300035, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Hua Chang
- Physical Education Office, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300044, Taiwan;
| | - Kok-Hwa Tan
- Physical Education Office, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City 300044, Taiwan;
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Su WC, Cleffi C, Srinivasan S, Bhat A. A Pilot Study Comparing the Efficacy, Fidelity, Acceptability, and Feasibility of Telehealth and Face-to-Face Creative Movement Interventions in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. TELEMEDICINE REPORTS 2024; 5:67-77. [PMID: 38558955 PMCID: PMC10979681 DOI: 10.1089/tmr.2023.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Aims We compared the efficacy, fidelity, acceptability, and feasibility of a creative movement (CM) intervention for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), delivered face-to-face (F2F) or through telehealth (TH). Methods Fifteen children with ASD received the CM intervention F2F or through TH. Motor assessments were used to evaluate effects of F2F and TH interventions on children's motor skills, while video coding was used to assess affect, socially directed verbalization, interpersonal synchrony, and motor coordination during training. Stakeholder feedback and training fidelity data on the intervention were also collected. Results Children in both subgroups showed similar baseline performance and training-related improvements in motor skills, positive/interested affect, socially directed verbalization, interpersonal synchrony, and dual/multilimb coordination. Parents in the TH subgroup considered the intervention feasible and acceptable; however, they reported greater effort to supervise and redirect their child's attention compared to the F2F subgroup. Trainers for the TH subgroup reported more communication difficulties, technological issues, and longer session lengths, but found greater parental involvement compared to the F2F subgroup. Conclusions CM interventions are consistent, acceptable, feasible, and effective in improving social, behavioral-affective, and motor skills of children with ASD, regardless of the method of delivery. Clinicians should make efforts to reduce communication/technological issues and parental burden when delivering CM interventions through TH. ClinicalTrials.Gov Study ID-NCT04258254.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Chun Su
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Biomechanics & Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Corina Cleffi
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Biomechanics & Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Sudha Srinivasan
- Physical Therapy Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- Institute for Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
- The Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Anjana Bhat
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Biomechanics & Movement Science Program, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
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Stowell R, Wang KH. Dopaminergic signaling regulates microglial surveillance and adolescent plasticity in the frontal cortex. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.08.584167. [PMID: 38559264 PMCID: PMC10979918 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.08.584167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a sensitive period for frontal cortical development and cognitive maturation. The dopaminergic (DA) mesofrontal circuit is particularly malleable in response to changes in adolescent experience and DA activity. However, the cellular mechanisms engaged in this plasticity remain unexplored. Here, we report that microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, are uniquely sensitive to adolescent mesofrontal DA signaling. Longitudinal in vivo two-photon imaging in mice shows that frontal cortical microglia respond dynamically to plasticity-inducing behavioral or optogenetic DA axon stimulation with increased parenchymal and DA bouton surveillance. Microglial-axon contact precedes new bouton formation, and both D1 and D2-type DA receptors regulate microglial-bouton interactions and axonal plasticity. Moreover, D2 antagonism in adults reinstates adolescent plasticity, including increased microglial surveillance and new DA bouton formation. Our results reveal that DA signaling regulates microglial surveillance and axonal plasticity uniquely in the adolescent frontal cortex, presenting potential interventions for restoring plasticity in the adult brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne Stowell
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
| | - Kuan Hong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642
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