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Zhang Y, Fu Y, Guan X, Wang C, Fu M, Xiao Y, Hong S, Zhou Y, Liu C, Zhong G, Wu T, You Y, Zhao H, Chen S, Wang Y, Guo H. Associations of ambient air pollution exposure and lifestyle factors with incident dementia in the elderly: A prospective study in the UK Biobank. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108870. [PMID: 38972114 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dementia is an important disease burden among the elderly, and its occurrence may be profoundly affected by environmental factors. Evidence of the relationship between air pollution and dementia is emerging, but the extent to which this can be offset by lifestyle factors remains ambiguous. METHODS This study comprised 155,828 elder adults aged 60 years and above in the UK Biobank who were dementia-free at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were conducted to examine the associations of annual average levels of air pollutants in 2010, including nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10, and PMcoarse) and lifestyle factors recorded at baseline [physical activity (PA), sleep patterns, or smoking status] with incident risk of dementia, and their interactions on both multiplicative and additive scales. RESULTS During a 12-year period of follow-up, 4,389 incidents of all-cause dementia were identified. For each standarddeviationincrease in ambient NO2, NOX or PM2.5, all-cause dementia risk increases by 1.07-fold [hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.07 (1.04, 1.10)], 1.05-fold (95 % CI: 1.02, 1.08) and 1.07-fold (95 % CI: 1.04, 1.10), whereas low levels of PA, poor sleep patterns, and smoking are associated with an elevated risk of dementia [HR (95 % CI) = 1.17 (1.09, 1.26), 1.13 (1.00, 1.27), and 1.14 (1.07, 1.21), respectively]. Furthermore, these air pollutants show joint effects with low PA, poor sleep patterns, and smoking on the onset of dementia. The moderate to high levels of PA could significantly or marginally significantly modify the associations between NO2, NOX or PM2.5 (P-int = 0.067, 0.036, and 0.067, respectively) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but no significant modification effects are found for sleep patterns or smoking status. CONCLUSION The increased exposures of NO2, NOX, or PM2.5 are associated with elevated risk of dementia among elderly UK Biobank population. These air pollutants take joint effects with low PA, poor sleep patterns, and smoking on the development of dementia. In addition, moderate to high levels of PA could attenuate the incident risk of AD caused by air pollution. Further prospective researches among other cohort populations are warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichi Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ye Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chenming Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shiru Hong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuhan Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chenliang Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Guorong Zhong
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Tianhao Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yingqian You
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shengli Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Key Laboratory of Environment & Health, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd., Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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Smolker HR, Reid CE, Friedman NP, Banich MT. The Association between Exposure to Fine Particulate Air Pollution and the Trajectory of Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors during Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: Evidence from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:87001. [PMID: 39106155 DOI: 10.1289/ehp13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to high levels of fine particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μ m (PM 2.5 ) via air pollution may be a risk factor for psychiatric disorders during adulthood. Yet few studies have examined associations between exposure and the trajectory of symptoms across late childhood and early adolescence. OBJECTIVE The current study evaluated whether PM 2.5 exposure at 9-11 y of age affects both concurrent symptoms as well as the longitudinal trajectory of internalizing and externalizing behaviors across the following 3 y. This issue was examined using multiple measures of exposure and separate measures of symptoms of internalizing disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety) and externalizing disorders (e.g., conduct disorder), respectively. METHODS In a sample of more than 10,000 youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, we used a dataset of historical PM 2.5 levels and growth curve modeling to evaluate associations of PM 2.5 exposure with internalizing and externalizing symptom trajectories, as assessed by the Child Behavioral Check List. Three distinct measures of PM 2.5 exposure were investigated: annual average concentration during 2016, number of days in 2016 above the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) 24-h PM 2.5 standards, and maximum 24-h concentration during 2016. RESULTS At baseline, higher number of days with PM 2.5 levels above US EPA standards was associated with higher parent-reported internalizing symptoms in the same year. This association remained significant up to a year following exposure and after controlling for PM 2.5 annual average, maximum 24-h level, and informant psychopathology. There was also evidence of an association between PM 2.5 annual average and externalizing symptom levels at baseline in females only. DISCUSSION Results suggested PM 2.5 exposure during childhood is associated with higher symptoms of internalizing and externalizing disorders at the time of exposure and 1 y later. In addition, effects of PM 2.5 exposure on youth internalizing symptoms may be most impacted by the number of days of exposure above US EPA standards in comparison with annual average and maximum daily exposure. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP13427.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry R Smolker
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Colleen E Reid
- Department of Geography, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Naomi P Friedman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Marie T Banich
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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3
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Wójcik P, Jastrzębski MK, Zięba A, Matosiuk D, Kaczor AA. Caspases in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanism of Activation, Role, and Potential Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4834-4853. [PMID: 38135855 PMCID: PMC11236938 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03847-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
With the aging of the population, treatment of conditions emerging in old age, such as neurodegenerative disorders, has become a major medical challenge. Of these, Alzheimer's disease, leading to cognitive dysfunction, is of particular interest. Neuronal loss plays an important role in the pathophysiology of this condition, and over the years, a great effort has been made to determine the role of various factors in this process. Unfortunately, until now, the exact pathomechanism of this condition remains unknown. However, the most popular theories associate AD with abnormalities in the Tau and β-amyloid (Aβ) proteins, which lead to their deposition and result in neuronal death. Neurons, like all cells, die in a variety of ways, among which pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis are associated with the activation of various caspases. It is worth mentioning that Tau and Aβ proteins are considered to be one of the caspase activators, leading to cell death. Moreover, the protease activity of caspases influences both of the previously mentioned proteins, Tau and Aβ, converting them into more toxic derivatives. Due to the variety of ways caspases impact the development of AD, drugs targeting caspases could potentially be useful in the treatment of this condition. Therefore, there is a constant need to search for novel caspase inhibitors and evaluate them in preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Wójcik
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., 20093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Michał K Jastrzębski
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., 20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agata Zięba
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., 20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Matosiuk
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., 20093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka A Kaczor
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodzki St., 20093, Lublin, Poland.
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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Olloquequi J, Díaz-Peña R, Verdaguer E, Ettcheto M, Auladell C, Camins A. From Inhalation to Neurodegeneration: Air Pollution as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6928. [PMID: 39000036 PMCID: PMC11241587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Air pollution, a growing concern for public health, has been linked to various respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Emerging evidence also suggests a link between exposure to air pollutants and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review explores the composition and sources of air pollutants, including particulate matter, gases, persistent organic pollutants, and heavy metals. The pathophysiology of AD is briefly discussed, highlighting the role of beta-amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and genetic factors. This article also examines how air pollutants reach the brain and exert their detrimental effects, delving into the neurotoxicity of air pollutants. The molecular mechanisms linking air pollution to neurodegeneration are explored in detail, focusing on oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and protein aggregation. Preclinical studies, including in vitro experiments and animal models, provide evidence for the direct effects of pollutants on neuronal cells, glial cells, and the blood-brain barrier. Epidemiological studies have reported associations between exposure to air pollution and an increased risk of AD and cognitive decline. The growing body of evidence supporting air pollution as a modifiable risk factor for AD underscores the importance of considering environmental factors in the etiology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases, in the face of worsening global air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Olloquequi
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Physiology Section, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Roberto Díaz-Peña
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile
- Fundación Pública Galega de Medicina Xenómica, SERGAS, Grupo de Medicina Xenomica-USC, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ester Verdaguer
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miren Ettcheto
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Auladell
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Camins
- Institute of Neuroscience, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Science, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Radua J, De Prisco M, Oliva V, Fico G, Vieta E, Fusar-Poli P. Impact of air pollution and climate change on mental health outcomes: an umbrella review of global evidence. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:244-256. [PMID: 38727076 PMCID: PMC11083864 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of air pollution and climate change on mental health has recently raised strong concerns. However, a comprehensive overview analyzing the existing evidence while addressing relevant biases is lacking. This umbrella review systematically searched the PubMed/Medline, Scopus and PsycINFO databases (up to June 26, 2023) for any systematic review with meta-analysis investigating the association of air pollution or climate change with mental health outcomes. We used the R metaumbrella package to calculate and stratify the credibility of the evidence according to criteria (i.e., convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, or weak) that address several biases, complemented by sensitivity analyses. We included 32 systematic reviews with meta-analysis that examined 284 individual studies and 237 associations of exposures to air pollution or climate change hazards and mental health outcomes. Most associations (n=195, 82.3%) involved air pollution, while the rest (n=42, 17.7%) regarded climate change hazards (mostly focusing on temperature: n=35, 14.8%). Mental health outcomes in most associations (n=185, 78.1%) involved mental disorders, followed by suicidal behavior (n=29, 12.4%), access to mental health care services (n=9, 3.7%), mental disorders-related symptomatology (n=8, 3.3%), and multiple categories together (n=6, 2.5%). Twelve associations (5.0%) achieved convincing (class I) or highly suggestive (class II) evidence. Regarding exposures to air pollution, there was convincing (class I) evidence for the association between long-term exposure to solvents and a higher incidence of dementia or cognitive impairment (odds ratio, OR=1.139), and highly suggestive (class II) evidence for the association between long-term exposure to some pollutants and higher risk for cognitive disorders (higher incidence of dementia with high vs. low levels of carbon monoxide, CO: OR=1.587; higher incidence of vascular dementia per 1 μg/m3 increase of nitrogen oxides, NOx: hazard ratio, HR=1.004). There was also highly suggestive (class II) evidence for the association between exposure to airborne particulate matter with diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) during the second trimester of pregnancy and the incidence of post-partum depression (OR=1.023 per 1 μg/m3 increase); and for the association between short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2) and schizophrenia relapse (risk ratio, RR=1.005 and 1.004 per 1 μg/m3 increase, respectively 5 and 7 days after exposure). Regarding climate change hazards, there was highly suggestive (class II) evidence for the association between short-term exposure to increased temperature and suicide- or mental disorders-related mortality (RR=1.024), suicidal behavior (RR=1.012), and hospital access (i.e., hospitalization or emergency department visits) due to suicidal behavior or mental disorders (RR=1.011) or mental disorders only (RR=1.009) (RR values per 1°C increase). There was also highly suggestive (class II) evidence for the association between short-term exposure to increased apparent temperature (i.e., the temperature equivalent perceived by humans) and suicidal behavior (RR=1.01 per 1°C increase). Finally, there was highly suggestive (class II) evidence for the association between the temporal proximity of cyclone exposure and severity of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (r=0.275). Although most of the above associations were small in magnitude, they extend to the entire world population, and are therefore likely to have a substantial impact. This umbrella review classifies and quantifies for the first time the global negative impacts that air pollution and climate change can exert on mental health, identifying evidence-based targets that can inform future research and population health actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele De Prisco
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Oliva
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giovanna Fico
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Outreach and Support in South-London (OASIS) service, South London and Maudlsey NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Shahbaz MA, Kuivanen S, Mussalo L, Afonin AM, Kumari K, Behzadpour D, Kalapudas J, Koivisto AM, Penttilä E, Löppönen H, Jalava P, Vapalahti O, Balistreri G, Lampinen R, Kanninen KM. Exposure to urban particulate matter alters responses of olfactory mucosal cells to SARS-CoV-2 infection. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 249:118451. [PMID: 38341073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses have a significant impact on health, as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Exposure to air pollution can contribute to viral susceptibility and be associated with severe outcomes, as suggested by recent epidemiological studies. Furthermore, exposure to particulate matter (PM), an important constituent of air pollution, is linked to adverse effects on the brain, including cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The olfactory mucosa (OM), a tissue located at the rooftop of the nasal cavity, is directly exposed to inhaled air and in direct contact with the brain. Increasing evidence of OM dysfunction related to neuropathogenesis and viral infection demonstrates the importance of elucidating the interplay between viruses and air pollutants at the OM. This study examined the effects of subacute exposure to urban PM 0.2 and PM 10-2.5 on SARS-CoV-2 infection using primary human OM cells obtained from cognitively healthy individuals and individuals diagnosed with AD. OM cells were exposed to PM and subsequently infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the presence of pollutants. SARS-CoV-2 entry receptors and replication, toxicological endpoints, cytokine release, oxidative stress markers, and amyloid beta levels were measured. Exposure to PM did not enhance the expression of viral entry receptors or cellular viral load in human OM cells. However, PM-exposed and SARS-CoV-2-infected cells showed alterations in cellular and immune responses when compared to cells infected only with the virus or pollutants. These changes are highly pronounced in AD OM cells. These results suggest that exposure of human OM cells to PM does not increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, but it can alter cellular immune responses to the virus, particularly in AD. Understanding the interplay of air pollutants and COVID-19 can provide important insight for the development of public health policies and interventions to reduce the negative influences of air pollution exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Shahbaz
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi Kuivanen
- University of Helsinki, Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Mussalo
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexey M Afonin
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kajal Kumari
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Donya Behzadpour
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juho Kalapudas
- University of Eastern Finland, Brain Research Unit, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Koivisto
- University of Eastern Finland, Brain Research Unit, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kuopio, Finland; Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Neurology, Neuro Centre, Kuopio, Finland; University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology and Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital and Neurosciences, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Penttilä
- University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Löppönen
- University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pasi Jalava
- University of Eastern Finland, Inhalation Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- University of Helsinki, Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giuseppe Balistreri
- University of Helsinki, Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Lampinen
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- University of Eastern Finland, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, Kuopio, Finland.
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7
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Li C, Chen H, Gu Y, Chen W, Liu M, Lei Q, Li Y, Liang X, Wei B, Huang D, Liu S, Su L, Zeng X, Wang L. Causal effects of PM 2.5 exposure on neuropsychiatric disorders and the mediation via gut microbiota: A Mendelian randomization study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 275:116257. [PMID: 38564871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence has revealed the impacts of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and dysbiosis of gut microbiota on neuropsychiatric disorders, but the causal inference remains controversial due to residual confounders in observational studies. METHODS This study aimed to examine the causal effects of exposure to PM2.5 on 4 major neuropsychiatric disorders (number of cases = 18,381 for autism spectrum disorder [ASD], 38,691 for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], 67,390 for schizophrenia, and 21,982 cases for Alzheimer's disease [AD]), and the mediation pathway through gut microbiota. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed, in which genetic instruments were identified from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The included GWASs were available from (1) MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC-IEU) for PM2.5, PMcoarse, PM10, and NOX; (2) the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) for ASD, ADHD, and schizophrenia; (3) MRC-IEU for AD; and (4) MiBioGen for gut microbiota. Multivariable MR analyses were conducted to adjust for exposure to NOX, PMcoarse, and PM10. We also examined the mediation effects of gut microbiota in the associations between PM2.5 exposure levels and neuropsychiatric disorders, using two-step MR analyses. RESULTS Each 1 standard deviation (1.06 ug/m3) increment in PM2.5 concentrations was associated with elevated risk of ASD (odds ratio [OR] 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-2.02), ADHD (1.51, 1.15-1.98), schizophrenia (1.47, 1.15-1.87), and AD (1.57, 1.16-2.12). For all the 4 neurodevelopmental disorders, the results were robust under various sensitivity analyses, while the MR-Egger method yielded non-significant outcomes. The associations remained significant for all the 4 neuropsychiatric disorders after adjusting for PMcoarse, while non-significant after adjusting for NOX and PM10. The effects of PM2.5 exposure on ADHD and schizophrenia were partially mediated by Lachnospiraceae and Barnesiella, with the proportions ranging from 8.31% to 15.77%. CONCLUSIONS This study suggested that exposure to PM2.5 would increase the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, partially by influencing the profile of gut microbiota. Comprehensive regulations on air pollutants are needed to help prevent neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanhua Li
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Ye Gu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Wanling Chen
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Meiliang Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Qinggui Lei
- The Eighth People's Hospital of Nanning, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, China
| | - Yujun Li
- Nanning Children's Rehabilitation Center, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Xiaomei Liang
- Nanning Children's Rehabilitation Center, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Binyuan Wei
- Nanning Children's Rehabilitation Center, Nanning, Guangxi 530005, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Shun Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Li Su
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China; Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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Ciciora D, Vásquez E, Valachovic E, Hou L, Zheng Y, Xu H, Jiang X, Huang K, Gabriel KP, Deng HW, Gallant MP, Zhang K. Social and Behavior Factors of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: A National Study in the U.S. Am J Prev Med 2024; 66:573-581. [PMID: 37995949 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considerable research has linked many risk factors to Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD). Without a clear etiology of ADRD, it is advantageous to rank the known risk factors by their importance and determine if disparities exist. Statistical-based ranking can provide insight into which risk factors should be further evaluated. METHODS This observational, population-based study assessed 50 county-level measures and estimates related to ADRD in 3,155 counties in the U.S. using data from 2010 to 2021. Statistical analysis was performed in 2022-2023. The machine learning method, eXtreme Gradient Boosting, was utilized to rank the importance of these variables by their relative contribution to the model performance. Stratified ranking was also performed based on a county's level of disadvantage. Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) provided marginal contributions for each variable. RESULTS The top three ranked predictors at the county level were insufficient sleep, consuming less than one serving of fruits/vegetables per day among adults, and having less than a high school diploma. In both disadvantaged and non-disadvantaged counties, demographic variables such as sex and race were important in predicting ADRD. Lifestyle factors ranked highly in non-disadvantaged counties compared to more environmental factors in disadvantaged counties. CONCLUSIONS This ranked list of factors can provide a guided approach to ADRD primary prevention strategies in the U.S., as the effects of sleep, diet, and education on ADRD can be further developed. While sleep, diet, and education are important nationally, differing prevention strategies could be employed based on a county's level of disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ciciora
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Elizabeth Vásquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Edward Valachovic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yinan Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Hua Xu
- Section of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xiaoqian Jiang
- McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine and IUPUI Fairbanks School of Public Health, Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Division/Center for Biomedical Informatics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Mary P Gallant
- Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, New York.
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Baranyi G, Williamson L, Feng Z, Carnell E, Vieno M, Dibben C. Higher air pollution exposure in early life is associated with worse health among older adults: A 72-year follow-up study from Scotland. Health Place 2024; 86:103208. [PMID: 38367322 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution increases the risk of mortality and morbidity. However, limited evidence exists on the very long-term associations between early life air pollution exposure and health, as well as on potential pathways. This study explored the relationship between fine particle (PM2.5) exposure at age 3 and limiting long-term illness (LLTI) at ages 55, 65 and 75 using data from the Scottish Longitudinal Study Birth Cohort 1936, a representative administrative cohort study. We found that early life PM2.5 exposure was associated with higher odds of LLTI in mid-to-late adulthood (OR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.14 per 10 μg m-3 increment) among the 2085 participants, with stronger associations among those growing up in disadvantaged families. Path analyses suggested that 15-21% of the association between early life PM2.5 concentrations and LLTI at age 65 (n = 1406) was mediated through childhood cognitive ability, educational qualifications, and adult social position. Future research should capitalise on linked administrative and health data, and explore causal mechanisms between environment and specific health conditions across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergő Baranyi
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Lee Williamson
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Longitudinal Studies Centre - Scotland, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Carnell
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Vieno
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Dibben
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health, School of GeoSciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Zhang S, Cao H, Chen K, Gao T, Zhao H, Zheng C, Wang T, Zeng P, Wang K. Joint Exposure to Multiple Air Pollutants, Genetic Susceptibility, and Incident Dementia: A Prospective Analysis in the UK Biobank Cohort. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1606868. [PMID: 38426188 PMCID: PMC10901982 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the joint effects of multiple air pollutants including PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx with dementia and examined the modifying effects of genetic susceptibility. Methods: This study included 220,963 UK Biobank participants without dementia at baseline. Weighted air pollution score reflecting the joint exposure to multiple air pollutants were constructed by cross-validation analyses, and inverse-variance weighted meta-analyses were performed to create a pooled effect. The modifying effect of genetic susceptibility on air pollution score was assessed by genetic risk score and APOE ε4 genotype. Results: The HR (95% CI) of dementia for per interquartile range increase of air pollution score was 1.13 (1.07∼1.18). Compared with the lowest quartile (Q1) of air pollution score, the HR (95% CI) of Q4 was 1.26 (1.13∼1.40) (P trend = 2.17 × 10-5). Participants with high air pollution score and high genetic susceptibility had higher risk of dementia compared to those with low air pollution score and low genetic susceptibility. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that joint exposure to multiple air pollutants substantially increases the risk of dementia, especially among individuals with high genetic susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyan Cao
- Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Keying Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tongyu Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huashuo Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chu Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Innovation Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Zeng
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Innovation Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center for Medical Statistics and Data Analysis, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Human Genetics and Environmental Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Xuzhou Engineering Research Innovation Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Biological Data Mining and Healthcare Transformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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11
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Del Río SG, Plans-Beriso E, Ramis R, Ortolá R, Pastor R, Sotos-Prieto M, Castelló A, Requena RO, Moleón JJJ, Félix BMF, Muriel A, Miret M, Mateos JLA, Choi YH, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Fernández-Navarro P, García-Esquinas E. Exposure to residential traffic and trajectories of unhealthy ageing: results from a nationally-representative cohort of older adults. Environ Health 2024; 23:15. [PMID: 38303067 PMCID: PMC10832178 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-024-01057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic exposure has been associated with biomarkers of increased biological ageing, age-related chronic morbidities, and increased respiratory, cardiovascular, and all-cause mortality. Whether it is associated with functional impairments and unhealthy ageing trajectories is unknown. METHODS Nationally representative population-based cohort with 3,126 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥60 years who contributed 8,291 biannual visits over a 10 year period. Unhealthy ageing was estimated with a deficit accumulation index (DAI) based on the number and severity of 52 health deficits, including 22 objectively-measured impairments in physical and cognitive functioning. Differences in DAI at each follow-up across quintiles of residential traffic density (RTD) at 50 and 100 meters, and closest distance to a petrol station, were estimated using flexible marginal structural models with inverse probability of censoring weights. Models were adjusted for sociodemographic and time-varying lifestyle factors, social deprivation index at the census tract and residential exposure to natural spaces. RESULTS At baseline, the mean (SD) age and DAI score of the participants were 69.0 (6.6) years and 17.02 (11.0) %, and 54.0% were women. The median (IQR) RTD at 50 and 100 meters were 77 (31-467) and 509 (182-1802) vehicles/day, and the mean (SD) distance to the nearest petrol station of 962 (1317) meters. The average increase in DAI (95%CI) for participants in quintiles Q2-Q5 (vs Q1) of RTD at 50 meters was of 1.51 (0.50, 2.53), 0.98 (-0.05, 2.01), 2.20 (1.18, 3.21) and 1.98 (0.90, 3.05), respectively. Consistent findings were observed at 100 meters. By domains, most of the deficits accumulated with increased RTD were of a functional nature, although RTD at 50 meters was also associated with worse self-reported health, increased vitality problems and higher incidence of chronic morbidities. Living closer to a petrol station was associated with a higher incidence of functional impairments and chronic morbidities. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to nearby residential traffic is associated with accelerated trajectories of unhealthy ageing. Diminishing traffic pollution should become a priority intervention for adding healthy years to life in the old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Gómez Del Río
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hospital Central de la Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Plans-Beriso
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Ramis
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Pastor
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Sotos-Prieto
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- IMDEA-Food Institute (CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Castelló
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Olmedo Requena
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - José Juan Jiménez Moleón
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja María Fernández Félix
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Muriel
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Biostatistics Unit, Hospital Ramón y Cajal (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nursery and Physiotherapy, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miret
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER en Salud Mental - CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Ayuso Mateos
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER en Salud Mental - CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- School of Health and Environmental Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food Institute (CEI UAM+CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-Navarro
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain.
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology, Public Health (CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública - CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Huang Z, He G, Sun S, Huang Y. Causal relationship of genetically predicted particulate matter 2.5 level with Alzheimer's disease and the mediating effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate. Ann Hum Biol 2024; 51:2337731. [PMID: 38634600 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2024.2337731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal association between particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains inconclusive, and the mediators of the association have yet to be explored. AIMS We aimed to assess the potential causal relationship between PM2.5 and AD, and to investigate the mediating role of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS). SUBJECTS AND METHODS We implemented a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to examine the genetic predisposition to PM2.5 exposure and its association with AD. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analytical tool to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS There were 6 and 4 genetic variants associated with DHEAS and PM2.5, respectively. Based on the multivariable MR analysis, we found that after adjusting for DHEAS, each standard deviation increase in PM2.5 was associated with the risk of AD (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.33, 6.58, p = 0.00769). The MR Egger intercept test did not detect horizontal pleiotropy for PM2.5 (P-pleiotropy = 0.879) and DHEAS(P-pleiotropy = 0.941). According to the results of the mediation analysis, DHEAS accounted for 18.3% of the association between PM2.5 and AD. CONCLUSION Our findings affirm a significant causal association between PM2.5 exposure and AD, with DHEAS playing a mediating role in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehan Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guodong He
- Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Bachand AM, Dell LD. Can Incorrect Analysis of Time-Dependent Exposure Explain Associations between PM2.5 Exposure and Risk of Dementia? J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1931-1937. [PMID: 38339933 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies have reported positive associations between long-term exposure to particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less in diameter (PM2.5) and risk of Alzheimer's disease and other clinical dementia. Many of these studies have analyzed data using Cox Proportional Hazards (PH) regression, which estimates a hazard ratio (HR) for the treatment (in this case, exposure) effect on the time-to-event outcome while adjusting for influential covariates. PM2.5 levels vary over time. As air quality standards for PM2.5 have become more stringent over time, average outdoor PM2.5 levels have decreased substantially. Objective Investigate whether a Cox PH analysis that does not properly account for exposure that varies over time could produce a biased HR of similar magnitude to the HRs reported in recent epidemiological studies of PM2.5 and dementia risk. Methods Simulation analysis. Results We found that the biased HR can affect statistical analyses that consider exposure levels at event times only, especially if PM2.5 levels decreased consistently over time. Furthermore, the direction of such bias is away from the null and of a magnitude that is consistent with the reported estimates of dementia risk in several epidemiological studies of PM2.5 exposure (HR≈1.2 to 2.0). Conclusions This bias can be avoided by correctly assigning exposure to study subjects throughout the entire follow-up period. We recommend that investigators provide a detailed description of how time-dependent exposure variables were accounted for in their Cox PH analyses when they report their results.
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Ranjdoost F, Ghaffari ME, Azimi F, Mohammadi A, Fouladi-Fard R, Fiore M. Association between air pollution and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL): A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117392. [PMID: 37838197 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that air pollution (AP) has harmful effects on hearing and ear diseases such as Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSHL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of exposure to AP on SSHL incidence. Valid electronic databases were searched to retrieve studies published until December 1, 2022, using appropriate keywords. The result of the search was 1146 studies, and after screening according to the defined criteria, in total 8 studies were obtained. The risk of bias (ROB) in the studies and their quality were assessed. Finally, the meta-analysis with a significance level of 5% was performed. The findings revealed that the mean level of SO2, CO, NO2, and PM10 in the patient group was more than that of the control group, and p-values were 0.879, 0.144, 0.077, and 0.138, respectively. There was an indirect relation between air pollutants and SSHL, and PM2.5 showed a significant effect (p < 0.05). Given the limited research and the use of different statistical methods, more research is suggested to confirm this association and to determine the mechanisms by which AP exposure may cause SSHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ranjdoost
- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Ebrahim Ghaffari
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| | - Faramarz Azimi
- Environmental Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Amir Mohammadi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Clinical Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Reza Fouladi-Fard
- Research Center for Environmental Pollutants, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran; Environmental Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Maria Fiore
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, 87-95123, Catania, Italy.
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Salerno PR, Dong W, Motairek I, Makhlouf MH, Saifudeen M, Moorthy S, Dalton JE, Perzynski AT, Rajagopalan S, Al-Kindi S. Alzheimer`s disease mortality in the United States: Cross-sectional analysis of county-level socio-environmental factors. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 115:105121. [PMID: 37437363 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Geographical disparities in mortality among Alzheimer`s disease (AD) patients have been reported and complex sociodemographic and environmental determinants of health (SEDH) may be contributing to this variation. Therefore, we aimed to explore high-risk SEDH factors possibly associated with all-cause mortality in AD across US counties using machine learning (ML) methods. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of individuals ≥65 years with any underlying cause of death but with AD in the multiple causes of death certificate (ICD-10,G30) between 2016 and 2020. Outcomes were defined as age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates (per 100,000 people). We analyzed 50 county-level SEDH and Classification and Regression Trees (CART) was used to identify specific county-level clusters. Random Forest, another ML technique, evaluated variable importance. CART`s performance was validated using a "hold-out" set of counties. RESULTS Overall, 714,568 individuals with AD died due to any cause across 2,409 counties during 2016-2020. CART identified 9 county clusters associated with an 80.1% relative increase of mortality across the spectrum. Furthermore, 7 SEDH variables were identified by CART to drive the categorization of clusters, including High School Completion (%), annual Particulate Matter 2.5 Level in Air, live births with Low Birthweight (%), Population under 18 years (%), annual Median Household Income in US dollars ($), population with Food Insecurity (%), and houses with Severe Housing Cost Burden (%). CONCLUSION ML can aid in the assimilation of intricate SEDH exposures associated with mortality among older population with AD, providing opportunities for optimized interventions and resource allocation to reduce mortality among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rvo Salerno
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Weichuan Dong
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Issam Motairek
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mohamed He Makhlouf
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Skanda Moorthy
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jarrod E Dalton
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Adam T Perzynski
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Center for Healthcare Research and Policy, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sadeer Al-Kindi
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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16
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Ning P, Guo X, Qu Q, Li R. Exploring the association between air pollution and Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's disease: a Mendelian randomization study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123939-123947. [PMID: 37995032 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31047-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between air pollution and neurodegenerative diseases has garnered growing attention. Although observational studies have indicated a potential link between air pollution and neurodegenerative disease, establishing a causal relationship remains uncertain. To address this gap, we performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis utilizing genetic instruments. This analysis aimed to investigate the causal connections between PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOX exposure and the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We implemented a series of filtering steps to identify suitable genetic instruments that demonstrated significant associations (P < 5 × 10-8) with PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOX. These instruments were derived from a comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) encompassing up to 456,380 participants in the UK Biobank. To obtain summary statistics for PD (N = 482,730) and AD risk (N = 63,926), we utilized the most recent GWAS datasets available. For our primary analysis, we employed the inverse-variance weighted approach for two-sample MR. A multivariable MR (MVMR) was also performed to verify the impact of air pollution exposure on the risk of PD and AD. To ensure the robustness of our findings, sensitivity analyses and heterogeneity assessments were performed. In two-sample MR, by employing the inverse-variance weighted method, our result suggested that genetically NO2 exposure showed a significant association with an elevated risk of PD (OR = 4.07, 95% CI: 1.13 to 19.62, P = 0.034) and genetically PM10 exposure exhibited a significant association with a heightened risk of AD (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.03-3.59, P = 0.040). Further MVMR analysis demonstrated that the causal effect between NO2 and PD disappeared (OR = 3.489, 95% CI: 0.01 to 2.1e + 03, P = 0.703), and only PM10 was associated with an increased risk of AD (OR = 6.500, 95% CI: 1.10 to 38.51, P = 0.039). Sensitivity analysis showed no detectable heterogeneity and pleiotropy (P > 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that NO2 and PM10 exposure may contribute to a risk of PD and AD, respectively. Future research is necessary to elucidate potential physiopathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Ning
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhi Guo
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiumin Qu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China.
- Shaanxi Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Medicine, Xi'an, 710068, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Pandics T, Major D, Fazekas-Pongor V, Szarvas Z, Peterfi A, Mukli P, Gulej R, Ungvari A, Fekete M, Tompa A, Tarantini S, Yabluchanskiy A, Conley S, Csiszar A, Tabak AG, Benyo Z, Adany R, Ungvari Z. Exposome and unhealthy aging: environmental drivers from air pollution to occupational exposures. GeroScience 2023; 45:3381-3408. [PMID: 37688657 PMCID: PMC10643494 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00913-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging population worldwide is facing a significant increase in age-related non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular and brain pathologies. This comprehensive review paper delves into the impact of the exposome, which encompasses the totality of environmental exposures, on unhealthy aging. It explores how environmental factors contribute to the acceleration of aging processes, increase biological age, and facilitate the development and progression of a wide range of age-associated diseases. The impact of environmental factors on cognitive health and the development of chronic age-related diseases affecting the cardiovascular system and central nervous system is discussed, with a specific focus on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, small vessel disease, and vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Aging is a major risk factor for these diseases. Their pathogenesis involves cellular and molecular mechanisms of aging such as increased oxidative stress, impaired mitochondrial function, DNA damage, and inflammation and is influenced by environmental factors. Environmental toxicants, including ambient particulate matter, pesticides, heavy metals, and organic solvents, have been identified as significant contributors to cardiovascular and brain aging disorders. These toxicants can inflict both macro- and microvascular damage and many of them can also cross the blood-brain barrier, inducing neurotoxic effects, neuroinflammation, and neuronal dysfunction. In conclusion, environmental factors play a critical role in modulating cardiovascular and brain aging. A deeper understanding of how environmental toxicants exacerbate aging processes and contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, VCI, and dementia is crucial for the development of preventive strategies and interventions to promote cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and brain health. By mitigating exposure to harmful environmental factors and promoting healthy aging, we can strive to reduce the burden of age-related cardiovascular and brain pathologies in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamas Pandics
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health Laboratory, National Public Health Centre, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Public Health Siences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - David Major
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Vince Fazekas-Pongor
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Szarvas
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Peterfi
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Peter Mukli
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Tompa
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shannon Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Adam G Tabak
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- UCL Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Benyo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network and Semmelweis University (ELKH-SE) Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Budapest, H-1052, Hungary
| | - Roza Adany
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-DE Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
- Epidemiology and Surveillance Centre, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Lelieveld J, Haines A, Burnett R, Tonne C, Klingmüller K, Münzel T, Pozzer A. Air pollution deaths attributable to fossil fuels: observational and modelling study. BMJ 2023; 383:e077784. [PMID: 38030155 PMCID: PMC10686100 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-077784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate all cause and cause specific deaths that are attributable to fossil fuel related air pollution and to assess potential health benefits from policies that replace fossil fuels with clean, renewable energy sources. DESIGN Observational and modelling study. METHODS An updated atmospheric composition model, a newly developed relative risk model, and satellite based data were used to determine exposure to ambient air pollution, estimate all cause and disease specific mortality, and attribute them to emission categories. DATA SOURCES Data from the global burden of disease 2019 study, observational fine particulate matter and population data from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) satellites, and atmospheric chemistry, aerosol, and relative risk modelling for 2019. RESULTS Globally, all cause excess deaths due to fine particulate and ozone air pollution are estimated at 8.34 million (95% confidence interval 5.63 to 11.19) deaths per year. Most (52%) of the mortality burden is related to cardiometabolic conditions, particularly ischaemic heart disease (30%). Stroke and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease both account for 16% of mortality burden. About 20% of all cause mortality is undefined, with arterial hypertension and neurodegenerative diseases possibly implicated. An estimated 5.13 million (3.63 to 6.32) excess deaths per year globally are attributable to ambient air pollution from fossil fuel use and therefore could potentially be avoided by phasing out fossil fuels. This figure corresponds to 82% of the maximum number of air pollution deaths that could be averted by controlling all anthropogenic emissions. Smaller reductions, rather than a complete phase-out, indicate that the responses are not strongly non-linear. Reductions in emission related to fossil fuels at all levels of air pollution can decrease the number of attributable deaths substantially. Estimates of avoidable excess deaths are markedly higher in this study than most previous studies for these reasons: the new relative risk model has implications for high income (largely fossil fuel intensive) countries and for low and middle income countries where the use of fossil fuels is increasing; this study accounts for all cause mortality in addition to disease specific mortality; and the large reduction in air pollution from a fossil fuel phase-out can greatly reduce exposure. CONCLUSION Phasing out fossil fuels is deemed to be an effective intervention to improve health and save lives as part the United Nations' goal of climate neutrality by 2050. Ambient air pollution would no longer be a leading, environmental health risk factor if the use of fossil fuels were superseded by equitable access to clean sources of renewable energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Lelieveld
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andy Haines
- Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Richard Burnett
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cathryn Tonne
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health and Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health Network, Madrid, Spain
| | - Klaus Klingmüller
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Pozzer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center, Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
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19
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von Mikecz A. Elegant Nematodes Improve Our Understanding of Human Neuronal Diseases, the Role of Pollutants and Strategies of Resilience. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:16755-16763. [PMID: 37874738 PMCID: PMC10634345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are rising globally. The role of environmental pollution in neurodegeneration is largely unknown. Thus, this perspective advocates exposome research in C. elegans models of human diseases. The models express amyloid proteins such as Aβ, recapitulate the degeneration of specifically vulnerable neurons and allow for correlated neurobehavioral phenotyping throughout the entire life span of the nematode. Neurobehavioral traits like locomotion gaits, rigidity, or cognitive decline are quantifiable and carefully mimic key aspects of the human diseases. Underlying molecular pathways of neurodegeneration are elucidated in pollutant-exposed C. elegans Alzheimer's or Parkinson's models by transcriptomics (RNA-seq), mass spectrometry-based proteomics and omics addressing other biochemical traits. Validation of the identified disease pathways can be achieved by genome-wide association studies in matching human cohorts. A consistent One Health approach includes isolation of nematodes from contaminated sites and their comparative investigation by imaging, neurobehavioral profiling and single worm proteomics. C. elegans models of neurodegenerative diseases are likewise well-suited for high throughput methods that provide a promising strategy to identify resilience pathways of neurosafety and keep up with the number of pollutants, nonchemical exposome factors, and their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna von Mikecz
- IUF − Leibniz Research Institute
of Environmental Medicine GmbH, Auf’m Hennekamp 50, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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20
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Schäffer E, Piel J. [The exposome in the context of preventive measures for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases]. DER NERVENARZT 2023; 94:892-903. [PMID: 37639074 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01538-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventive measures addressing the exposome can counteract neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE This article gives an overview on the influence of general and individual exogenous factors (environmental influences and lifestyle changes) as well as endogenous factors (e.g. metabolic alterations) on the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Summary and evaluation of current scientific studies and evidence regarding the exposome and prevention of AD and PD. RESULTS Numerous studies could demonstrate a potential influence of environmental influences associated with industrialization (general exogenous factors), such as pesticides, solvents or air pollution on the development of AD and PD. Additionally, individually addressable changes of lifestyle (individual exogenous factors, e.g. physical activity, cognitive stimulation, nutrition and sleep) contribute to disease protection and modification and are becoming increasingly more important in light of still limited therapeutic interventions. Moreover, other exogenous factors (medication, noise pollution, head trauma and heavy metals) are discussed as risk factors for AD and/or PD. Endogenous factors (e.g., changes of the enteral microbiome, systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, metabolic changes) can contribute to disease development by a higher potential for interacting with exogenous factors. CONCLUSION Despite the comprehensive scientific evidence confirming the significance of the exposome for the pathogenesis of AD and PD, the great potential of preventive measures has not yet been exploited. A clarification of the high potential of lifestyle changes should be a therapeutic standard not only for individuals with manifest PD/AD but also for individuals with a risk profile or with suspected prodromal disease. Further investigations on the influence of environmental factors and the implementation of preventive strategies to avoid exposure should be the focus of international efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schäffer
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universität Kiel, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland.
| | - Johannes Piel
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universität Kiel, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland
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21
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Zuin M, Rosta V, Trentini A, Bosi C, Zuliani G, Cervellati C. Paraoxonase 1 activity in patients with Alzheimer disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110601. [PMID: 37330180 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cumulating evidence links environmental toxicants, such as organophosphate (OP) pesticides, to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The calcium-dependent Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) can neutralize these toxicants with good catalytic efficiency, thus protecting from OP-induced biological damage. Although different previous studies have already partially described an association between PON1 activity and AD, this intriguing relationship has not yet been comprehensively examined. To fill this gap, we performed a meta-analysis of existing data comparing the PON1 arylesterase activity in AD and healthy subjects from the general population. Data were obtained by searching MEDLINE, Embase and CENTRAL, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS electronic databases for all studies published at any time up to February 2023, reporting and comparing the PON1- paraoxonase activity between AD patients and controls. Seven studies, based on 615 subjects (281 AD and 356 controls) met the inclusion criteria and were included into the final analysis. A random effect model revealed that PON1 arylesterase activity was significantly lower in the AD group compared to controls, exhibiting low level of heterogeneity (SMD = - 1.62, 95% CI = -2.65 to -0.58, p = 0.0021, I2 = 12%). These findings suggest that PON1 activity might be reduced in AD reflecting a major susceptibility to OPs neurotoxicity. Further studies should be conducted to definitely ascertain this link and to establish the cause-effect relationship between PON1 reduction and AD onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zuin
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Rosta
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Bosi
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; Medical Department, University Hospital of Ferrara Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carlo Cervellati
- Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
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Yuan S, Huang X, Zhang L, Ling Y, Tan S, Peng M, Xu A, Lyu J. Associations of air pollution with all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia: a prospective cohort study based on 437,932 participants from the UK biobank. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1216686. [PMID: 37600021 PMCID: PMC10436530 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1216686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To prospectively assess whether air pollution, including PM2.5, PM10, and NOx, is associated with the risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia, and to investigate the potential relationship between air pollution and genetic susceptibility in the development of AD. Methods and results Our study included 437,932 participants from the UK Biobank with a median follow-up period of over 10 years. Using a Cox proportional hazards model, we found that participants exposed to PM2.5 levels of ≥10 μg/m3 had a higher risk of developing all-cause dementia (HR = 1.1; 95% CI: 1.05-1.28; p < 0.05) compared to the group exposed to PM2.5 levels of <10 μg/m3. However, there was no significant association between PM10 levels of ≥15 μg/m3 and the risk of all-cause dementia, AD, or vascular dementia when compared to the group exposed to PM10 levels of <15 μg/m3. On the other hand, participants exposed to NOx levels of ≥50 μg/m3 had a significantly higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR = 1.14; 95% CI: 1.02-1.26; p < 0.05) and AD (HR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.08-1.48; p < 0.05) compared to the group exposed to NOx levels of <50 μg/m3. Furthermore, we examined the combined effect of air pollution (PM2.5, PM10, and NOx) and Alzheimer's disease genetic risk score (AD-GRS) on the development of AD using a Cox proportional hazards model. Among participants with a high AD-GRS, those exposed to NOx levels of ≥50 μg/m3 had a significantly higher risk of AD compared to those in the group exposed to NOx levels of <50 μg/m3 (HR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.03-1.18; p < 0.05). Regardless of air pollutant levels (PM2.5, PM10, or NOx), participants with a high AD-GRS had a significantly increased risk of developing AD. Similar results were obtained when assessing multiple variables using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Conclusion Our findings indicate that individuals living in areas with PM2.5 levels of ≥10 μg/m3 or NOx levels of ≥50 μg/m3 are at a higher risk of developing all-cause dementia. Moreover, individuals with a high AD-GRS demonstrated an increased risk of developing AD, particularly in the presence of NOx ≥ 50 μg/m3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaxuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luming Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yitong Ling
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shanyuan Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Peng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Anding Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zhu Z, Yang Z, Yu L, Xu L, Wu Y, Zhang X, Shen P, Lin H, Shui L, Tang M, Jin M, Wang J, Chen K. Residential greenness, air pollution and incident neurodegenerative disease: A cohort study in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:163173. [PMID: 37003317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative disease has a great adverse impact on population's death and disability worldwide. However, the association of air pollution and residential greenness with neurodegenerative disease and their potential mechanisms still remain uncertain. METHODS We used data from a population-based prospective cohort in Ningbo, China. Exposure to PM2.5, PM10 and NO2 were assessed by land-use regression (LUR) models and residential greenness was estimated by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Our primary outcomes were all neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the association of air pollution and residential greenness with risk of incident neurodegenerative disease. Furthermore, we also explored the potential mediation relationship and effect modification between greenness and air pollutants. RESULTS During the follow-up period, we identified a total of 617 incident neurodegenerative diseases, 301 PD and 182 AD. In single-exposure models, PM2.5 was positively associated with all outcomes (e.g. AD hazard ratio (HR): 1.41, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.84, per interquartile range (IQR) increment), whereas residential greenness showed protective effects (e.g. neurodegenerative disease, HR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.75-0.90, per IQR increment for NDVI in 1000 m buffer). NO2 was positively associated with risk of neurodegenerative disease and PM10 was associated with neurodegenerative disease and AD. In two-exposure models, after adjustment for PM2.5, the association for greenness generally attenuated towards null. Moreover, we identified the significant modification effect of greenness on PM2.5 on additive and multiplicative scales. CONCLUSION In this prospective study, we found that exposure to higher residential greenness and lower concentrations of particulate matter were associated with lower risk of neurodegenerative disease, PD and AD. Residential greenness could modify the association of PM2.5 with neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghang Zhu
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zongming Yang
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Endocrinology of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Luhua Yu
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Endocrinology of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lisha Xu
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Endocrinology of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yonghao Wu
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Endocrinology of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinhan Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Hongbo Lin
- Department of Chronic Disease and Health Promotion, Yinzhou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Liming Shui
- Yinzhou District Health Bureau of Ningbo, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Mengling Tang
- Department of Public Health, Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingjuan Jin
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianbing Wang
- Department of Public Health, and Department of Endocrinology of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Kun Chen
- Department of Public Health, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Lee Y, Yoon S, Yoon SH, Kang SW, Jeon S, Kim M, Shin DA, Nam CM, Ye BS. Air pollution is associated with faster cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2023; 10:964-973. [PMID: 37106569 PMCID: PMC10270255 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although chronic exposure to air pollution is associated with an increased risk of dementia in normal elderlies, the effect of chronic exposure to air pollution on the rates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has not been elucidated. METHODS In this longitudinal study, a total of 269 patients with mild cognitive impairment or early dementia due to AD with the evidence of brain β-amyloid deposition were followed-up for a mean period of 4 years. Five-year normalized hourly cumulative exposure value of each air pollutant, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10 ), was computed based on nationwide air pollution database. The effects of chronic exposure to air pollution on longitudinal cognitive decline rate were evaluated using linear mixed models. RESULTS Higher chronic exposure to SO2 was associated with a faster decline in memory score, whereas chronic exposure to CO, NO2 , and PM10 were not associated with the rate of cognitive decline. Higher chronic exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a faster decline in visuospatial score in apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers. These effects remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that chronic exposure to SO2 and PM2.5 is associated with faster clinical progression in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young‐gun Lee
- Department of NeurologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik HospitalInje University College of MedicineGoyangSouth Korea
| | - Seon‐Jin Yoon
- Department of NeurosurgeryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - So Hoon Yoon
- Department of NeurologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kang
- Department of NeurologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Seun Jeon
- Department of NeurologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Department of Biostatistics and ComputingYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Dong Ah Shin
- Department of NeurosurgeryYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Chung Mo Nam
- Department of Biostatistics and ComputingYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
- Department of Preventive MedicineYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of NeurologyYonsei University College of MedicineSeoulSouth Korea
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25
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Ogurtsova K, Soppa VJ, Weimar C, Jöckel KH, Jokisch M, Hoffmann B. Association of long-term air pollution and ambient noise with cognitive decline in the heinz nixdorf recall study. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121898. [PMID: 37244536 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the impact of long-term ambient air pollution (AP) and noise exposure on change in cognitive function over years in the elderly. In this study, we wanted to examine the association between long-term exposure to AP and noise with the rate of cognitive decline in a population aged 50 and older and susceptible groups with mild cognitive impairment or at a genetically higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (Apolipoprotein E ε4 positive). Participants in the German population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall study carried out five neuropsychological tests. Individual tests scores at the first (T1 = 2006-2008) and second (T2 = 2011-2015) follow-up for each test were used as outcomes after standardization using predicted means adjusted for age and education. Global cognitive score (GCS) was defined as sum of five standardized scores of individual tests. Long-term exposures to particulate matter (PM2.5, PM10, PM2.5 absorbance), accumulation mode particle number (PNacc), a proxy of ultrafine particles, and nitrogen dioxide were estimated by the land-use regression and chemistry transport models. Noise exposures were assessed as outdoor weighted nighttime road traffic noise (Lnight) means. We performed linear regression analyses adjusted for sex, age, individual and neighborhood socio-economic status, and lifestyle variables. Effect modification in vulnerable groups was estimated using multiplicative interaction terms between exposure and a modifier. Overall, 2554 participants (49.5% men, median age is 63 (IQR = 12)) were included. We found weak associations between higher exposure to PM10 and PM2.5 with faster decline in the immediate verbal memory test. Adjustment for potential confounders and for co-exposures did not change the results. We saw no effects on GCS, and no effect of noise exposure. In susceptible groups, higher AP and noise exposure were tended to be associated with faster decline in GCS. Our results suggest that AP exposure may accelerate cognitive decline in older ages, particularly in susceptible groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Ogurtsova
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Vanessa J Soppa
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Weimar
- BDH Clinic Elzach, Elzach, Germany; Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martha Jokisch
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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26
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Tang J, Chen A, He F, Shipley M, Nevill A, Coe H, Hu Z, Zhang T, Kan H, Brunner E, Tao X, Chen R. Association of air pollution with dementia: a systematic review with meta-analysis including new cohort data from China. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115048. [PMID: 36529331 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether a total exposure to air pollution (AP) is associated with an increased risk of dementia. Little is known on the association in low- and middle-income countries. Two cohort studies in China (in Anhui cohort 1402 older adults aged ≥ 60 followed up for 10 years; in Zhejiang cohort 6115 older adults followed up for 5 years) were conducted to examine particulate matter - PM2.5 associated with all dementia and air quality index (AQI) with Alzheimer's disease, respectively. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was performed following worldwide literature searched until May 20, 2020 to identify 15 population-based cohort studies examining the association of AP with dementia (or any specific type of dementia) through PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, CINHAL, and CNKI. The cohort studies in China showed a significantly increased relative risk (RR) of dementia in relation to AP exposure; in Anhui cohort the adjusted RR was 2.14 (95% CI 1.00-4.56) in people with PM2.5 exposure at ≥ 64.5 μg/m3 versus <63.5 μg/m3 and in Zhejiang cohort the adjusted RR was 2.28 (1.07-4.87) in AQI>90 versus ≤ 80. The systematic review revealed that all 15 studies were undertaken in high income countries/regions, with inconsistent findings. While they had reasonably good overall quality of studies, seven studies did not adjust smoking in analysis and 13 did not account for depression. Pooling all eligible data demonstrated that dementia risk increased with the total AP exposure (1.13, 1.08-1.19). Data analysis of air pollutants showed that the RR significantly increased with PM2.5 (1.06, 1.03-1.10 in 2nd tertile exposure; 1.13, 1.07-1.19 in 3rd tertile versus 1st tertile), PM10 (1.05, 0.86-1.29; 1.62, 0.60-4.36), carbon monoxide (1.69, 0.72-3.93; 1.52, 1.35-1.71), nitrogen dioxide (1.06, 1.03-1.09; 1.18, 1.10-1.28) and nitrogen oxides (1.09, 1.04-1.15; 1.26, 1.13-1.41), but not ozone. Controlling air pollution and targeting on specific pollutants would reduce dementia globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Tang
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthony Chen
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Middlesex University, UK
| | - Fan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Martin Shipley
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Alan Nevill
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Hugh Coe
- Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, UK
| | - Zhi Hu
- School of Health Administration, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haidong Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, China
| | - Eric Brunner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Xuguang Tao
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, USA
| | - Ruoling Chen
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK; Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, USA.
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sommerlad
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Kathy Y Liu
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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28
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Wilker EH, Osman M, Weisskopf MG. Ambient air pollution and clinical dementia: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2023; 381:e071620. [PMID: 37019461 PMCID: PMC10498344 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of air pollutants in risk of dementia, considering differences by study factors that could influence findings. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, Psycinfo, and OVID Medline from database inception through July 2022. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Studies that included adults (≥18 years), a longitudinal follow-up, considered US Environmental Protection Agency criteria air pollutants and proxies of traffic pollution, averaged exposure over a year or more, and reported associations between ambient pollutants and clinical dementia. Two authors independently extracted data using a predefined data extraction form and assessed risk of bias using the Risk of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Exposures (ROBINS-E) tool. A meta-analysis with Knapp-Hartung standard errors was done when at least three studies for a given pollutant used comparable approaches. RESULTS 2080 records identified 51 studies for inclusion. Most studies were at high risk of bias, although in many cases bias was towards the null. 14 studies could be meta-analysed for particulate matter <2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5). The overall hazard ratio per 2 μg/m3 PM2.5 was 1.04 (95% confidence interval 0.99 to 1.09). The hazard ratio among seven studies that used active case ascertainment was 1.42 (1.00 to 2.02) and among seven studies that used passive case ascertainment was 1.03 (0.98 to 1.07). The overall hazard ratio per 10 μg/m3 nitrogen dioxide was 1.02 ((0.98 to 1.06); nine studies) and per 10 μg/m3 nitrogen oxide was 1.05 ((0.98 to 1.13); five studies). Ozone had no clear association with dementia (hazard ratio per 5 μg/m3 was 1.00 (0.98 to 1.05); four studies). CONCLUSION PM2.5 might be a risk factor for dementia, as well as nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxide, although with more limited data. The meta-analysed hazard ratios are subject to limitations that require interpretation with caution. Outcome ascertainment approaches differ across studies and each exposure assessment approach likely is only a proxy for causally relevant exposure in relation to clinical dementia outcomes. Studies that evaluate critical periods of exposure and pollutants other than PM2.5, and studies that actively assess all participants for outcomes are needed. Nonetheless, our results can provide current best estimates for use in burden of disease and regulatory setting efforts. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42021277083.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa H Wilker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Heath, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marwa Osman
- Department of Environmental Heath, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Heath, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Urbano T, Chiari A, Malagoli C, Cherubini A, Bedin R, Costanzini S, Teggi S, Maffeis G, Vinceti M, Filippini T. Particulate matter exposure from motorized traffic and risk of conversion from mild cognitive impairment to dementia: An Italian prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 222:115425. [PMID: 36740156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on epidemiologic and laboratory studies, exposure to air pollutants has been linked to many adverse health effects including a higher risk of dementia. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution on risk of conversion to dementia in a cohort of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS We recruited 53 Italian subjects newly-diagnosed with MCI. Within a geographical information system, we assessed recent outdoor air pollutant exposure, by modeling air levels of particulate matter with equivalent aerodynamic diameter ≤10 μm (PM10) from motorized traffic at participants' residence. We investigated the relation of PM10 concentrations to subsequent conversion from MCI to any type of dementia. Using a Cox-proportional hazards model combined with a restricted cubic spline model, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) of dementia with its 95% confidence interval (CI) according to increasing PM10 exposure, adjusting for sex, age, and educational attainment. RESULTS During a median follow up of 47.3 months, 34 participants developed dementia, in 26 cases diagnosed as Alzheimer's dementia. In non-linear restricted spline regression analysis, mean and maximum annual PM10 levels positively correlated with cerebrospinal fluid total and phosphorylated tau proteins concentrations, while they were inversely associated with β-amyloid. Concerning the risk of dementia, we found a positive association starting from above 10 μg/m3 for mean PM10 levels and above 35 μg/m3 for maximum PM10 levels. Specific estimates for Alzheimer's dementia were substantially similar. Adding other potential confounders to the multivariable model or removing early cases of dementia onset during the follow-up had little effect on the estimates. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exposure to outdoor air pollutants, PM10 in particular, may non-linearly increase conversion from MCI to dementia above a certain ambient air concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Urbano
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiari
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlotta Malagoli
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Bedin
- Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy; Center for Neurosciences and Neurotechnology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sofia Costanzini
- DIEF - Department of Engineering 'Enzo Ferrari', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sergio Teggi
- DIEF - Department of Engineering 'Enzo Ferrari', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Marco Vinceti
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tommaso Filippini
- Environmental, Genetic and Nutritional Epidemiology Research Center (CREAGEN), Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Wang JT, Xu G, Ren RJ, Wang Y, Tang R, Huang Q, Li JP, Al-Nusaif M, Le WD, Wang G. The impacts of health insurance and resource on the burden of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias in the world population. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:967-979. [PMID: 35820032 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) presents both a burden and an opportunity for intervention. This study aims to estimate the impacts of health insurance and resources on the burden attributed to ADRD. METHOD Data were mainly collected from global databases for ADRD. Analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, random-effects, and fixed-effects model analyses were used in this study. RESULTS Although the current medical expenditures were increasing and out of pocket (OOP) expenditures were declining generally in various countries, the collected global data showed an increased burden of ADRD on patients both physically and economically. Furthermore, health resources were negatively associated with disability-adjusted life years (DALY), death, and years of life lost (YLL), but were otherwise positively associated with years of life lived with disability (YLD). DISCUSSION Effective measures should be considered to cope with the rising burden. Meanwhile, there is an urgent call for constructive and sustainable rational plans and global collaboration. HIGHLIGHTS We explored how health insurance and resources affect Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD)-related burden. Health insurance and resources were imbalanced among four income level groups. Health insurance and resources may decrease the total ADRD burden primarily from a reduction in death-related burden. Health insurance and resources may increase disability-related burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru-Jing Ren
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Tang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Li
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Murad Al-Nusaif
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Le
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Neurology & Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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31
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Gong Y, Zhang X, Zhao X, Chang H, Zhang J, Gao Z, Mi Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Huang C, Yu Z. Global ambient particulate matter pollution and neurodegenerative disorders: a systematic review of literature and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:39418-39430. [PMID: 36763275 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies on particulate matter (PM) exposure and neurodegenerative disorders showed inconsistent results, and few studies systematically examined the long-term effect of PM on neurodegenerative diseases, including all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and cognitive function decline. We systematically searched for published studies in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science up to October 31, 2022. To facilitate a comparison of effect sizes from different studies, we standardized units across studies to a 10 μg/m3 increase for PM. Heterogeneity was assessed by Cochran's Q test and I2 statistic. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's tests. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis were performed. The protocol for this review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021277112). Of the 3403 originally identified studies, a meta-analysis was finally performed in 49 studies. The results showed that there was a significant positive association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease as well as Parkinson's disease, with pooled OR of 1.30 (95%CI: 1.14, 1.47, I2 = 99.3%), 1.65 (95%CI: 1.37, 1.94, I2 = 98.2%), and 1.17 (95%CI: 1.00, 1.33, I2 = 91.8%). A positive association between PM10 and vascular dementia was observed (OR = 1.12, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.21, I2 = 0.0%). Association between PM exposure and decreased cognitive function score was found. Our results highlight the important role of PM pollution, particularly PM2.5, in the risk of age-related neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Gong
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoan Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hui Chang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junxi Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Mi
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
| | - Cunrui Huang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengli Yu
- School of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention & Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects Prevention, Zhengzhou, China
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32
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Abstract
Air pollution is a complex mixture of gases and particulate matter, with adsorbed organic and inorganic contaminants, to which exposure is lifelong. Epidemiological studies increasingly associate air pollution with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, findings supported by experimental animal models. This breadth of neurotoxicity across these central nervous system diseases and disorders likely reflects shared vulnerability of their inflammatory and oxidative stress-based mechanisms and a corresponding ability to produce brain metal dyshomeo-stasis. Future research to define the responsible contaminants of air pollution underlying this neurotoxicity is critical to understanding mechanisms of these diseases and disorders and protecting public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Cory-Slechta
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA;
| | - Alyssa Merrill
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA;
| | - Marissa Sobolewski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, New York, USA;
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Liang C, Jiang Y, Zhang T, Ji Y, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Li S, Qi Y, Wang Y, Cai Y, Lai T, Cui L. Atmospheric particulate matter impairs cognition by modulating synaptic function via the nose-to-brain route. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159600. [PMID: 36280068 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM), a ubiquitous air pollutant, is the leading environmental risk factor for mortality worldwide. Experimental and epidemiological studies consistently suggest a strong link between long-term exposure to PM2.5 (<2.5 μm, fine PM) and cognitive impairment. The neuroinflammatory response is presumed to be one of the main mechanisms of PM2.5-induced cognitive impairment, possibly leading to synaptic dysfunction. However, the main route and mechanism underlying the cause of cognitive dysfunction and pathogenic alterations in PM2.5-exposure mice remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the main route and mechanism of PM2.5-induced cognitive impairment. Our results showed that PM2.5 directly entered the brain following nasal administration, and both the short-term PM2.5 administration via atomization and nasal drops induced learning and memory impairments and neuronal damage in adult mice. Moreover, astrocytes and microglia were both activated in the two short-term PM2.5 exposure models, while few changes in the inflammatory response were observed in the peripheral circulatory system. Furthermore, a further transcriptional analysis revealed that short-term PM2.5 administration led to cognitive impairment mainly by modulating synaptic functions and that although glia were activated, the glia-related pathological pathways were not significantly activated. Notably, following PM2.5 exposure, PLX3397-induced microglial deletion did not restore the cognitive function of the mice. In conclusion, our results provide evidence that PM2.5 enters the brain via the nose-to-brain route to impair cognitive function, and short-term exposure to PM2.5 directly alters synaptic function rather than the neuroinflammatory response to affect cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Liang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuling Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tianzhen Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yao Ji
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuanhong Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Shengnan Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yi Qi
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tianwen Lai
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Lili Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Institute of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.
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Abolhasani E, Hachinski V, Ghazaleh N, Azarpazhooh MR, Mokhber N, Martin J. Air Pollution and Incidence of Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neurology 2023; 100:e242-e254. [PMID: 36288998 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Studies of association between air pollution and incidence of dementia have shown discrepant results. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between air pollution and dementia. METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched and updated in August 2021. Population-based cohort studies that reported on hazard ratio (HR) of dementia in association with exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2·5), nitrogen oxides (NOX), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), or ozone (O3) in those aged >40 years were included. Data were extracted by 2 independent investigators. The main outcome was the pooled HR for dementia per increment of pollutant, calculated using a random-effects model. Results were reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42020219036). RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included in the systematic review, and 17 provided data for the meta-analysis. The total included population was 91,391,296, with 5,521,111 (6%) being diagnosed with dementia. A total of 12, 5, 6, and 4 studies were included in the meta-analyses of PM2·5, NOX, NO2, and O3, respectively. The risk of dementia increased by 3% per 1 μg/m3 increment in PM2·5 (HR, 1.03; 95% CI [1.02-1.05]; I2 = 100%). The association between dementia per 10 μg/m3 increment in NOX (HR, 1.05; 95% CI [0.99-1.13]; I2 = 61%), NO2 (HR, 1.03; 95% CI [1.00-1.07]; I2 = 94%), and O3 levels (HR, 1.01; 95% CI [0.91-1.11]; I2 = 82%) was less clear, although a significant association could not be ruled out, and there was high heterogeneity across studies. DISCUSSION Existing evidence suggests a significant association between exposure to PM2·5 and incidence of dementia and nonsignificant association between dementia and NOX, NO2, and O3 exposure. However, results should be interpreted in light of the small number of studies and high heterogeneity of effects across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Abolhasani
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.A., V.H., M.R.A., J.M), Clinical Neurological Sciences (V.H., M.R.A.), and Neuroscience Program (N.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON; Department of Psychiatry (N.M.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London; and Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (J.M.), MEDICI Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.A., V.H., M.R.A., J.M), Clinical Neurological Sciences (V.H., M.R.A.), and Neuroscience Program (N.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON; Department of Psychiatry (N.M.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London; and Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (J.M.), MEDICI Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Nargess Ghazaleh
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.A., V.H., M.R.A., J.M), Clinical Neurological Sciences (V.H., M.R.A.), and Neuroscience Program (N.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON; Department of Psychiatry (N.M.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London; and Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (J.M.), MEDICI Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Mahmoud Reza Azarpazhooh
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.A., V.H., M.R.A., J.M), Clinical Neurological Sciences (V.H., M.R.A.), and Neuroscience Program (N.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON; Department of Psychiatry (N.M.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London; and Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (J.M.), MEDICI Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Naghmeh Mokhber
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.A., V.H., M.R.A., J.M), Clinical Neurological Sciences (V.H., M.R.A.), and Neuroscience Program (N.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON; Department of Psychiatry (N.M.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London; and Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (J.M.), MEDICI Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Janet Martin
- From the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (E.A., V.H., M.R.A., J.M), Clinical Neurological Sciences (V.H., M.R.A.), and Neuroscience Program (N.G.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON; Department of Psychiatry (N.M.), Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London; and Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine (J.M.), MEDICI Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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Kalia V, Kulick ER, Vardarajan B, Gu Y, Manly JJ, Elkind MS, Kaufman JD, Jones DP, Baccarelli AA, Mayeux R, Kioumourtzoglou MA, Miller GW. Linking Air Pollution Exposure to Blood-Based Metabolic Features in a Community-Based Aging Cohort with and without Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:1025-1040. [PMID: 37927256 PMCID: PMC10741333 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with changes in levels of metabolites measured in the peripheral blood. However, most research has been conducted in ethnically homogenous, young or middle-aged populations. OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between the plasma metabolome and long-term exposure to three air pollutants: particulate matter (PM) less than 2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), PM less than 10μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in an ethnically diverse, older population. METHODS Plasma metabolomic profiles of 107 participants of the Washington Heights and Inwood Community Aging Project in New York City, collected from 1995-2015, including non-Hispanic white, Caribbean Hispanic, and non-Hispanic Black older adults were used. We estimated the association between each metabolic feature and predicted annual mean exposure to the air pollutants using three approaches: 1) A metabolome wide association study framework; 2) Feature selection using elastic net regression; and 3) A multivariate approach using partial-least squares discriminant analysis. RESULTS 79 features associated with exposure to PM2.5 but none associated with PM10 or NO2. PM2.5 exposure was associated with altered amino acid metabolism, energy production, and oxidative stress response, pathways also associated with Alzheimer's disease. Three metabolites were associated with PM2.5 exposure through all three approaches: cysteinylglycine disulfide, a diglyceride, and a dicarboxylic acid. The relationship between several features and PM2.5 exposure was modified by diet and metabolic diseases. CONCLUSIONS These relationships uncover the mechanisms through which PM2.5 exposure can lead to altered metabolic outcomes in an older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrinda Kalia
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erin R. Kulick
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Temple University College of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Badri Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yian Gu
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Manly
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mitchell S.V. Elkind
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, Medicine, and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dean P. Jones
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Gary W. Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Castellani B, Bartington S, Wistow J, Heckels N, Ellison A, Van Tongeren M, Arnold SR, Barbrook-Johnson P, Bicket M, Pope FD, Russ TC, Clarke CL, Pirani M, Schwannauer M, Vieno M, Turnbull R, Gilbert N, Reis S. Mitigating the impact of air pollution on dementia and brain health: Setting the policy agenda. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 215:114362. [PMID: 36130664 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging research suggests exposure to high levels of air pollution at critical points in the life-course is detrimental to brain health, including cognitive decline and dementia. Social determinants play a significant role, including socio-economic deprivation, environmental factors and heightened health and social inequalities. Policies have been proposed more generally, but their benefits for brain health have yet to be fully explored. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS Over the course of two years, we worked as a consortium of 20+ academics in a participatory and consensus method to develop the first policy agenda for mitigating air pollution's impact on brain health and dementia, including an umbrella review and engaging 11 stakeholder organisations. RESULTS We identified three policy domains and 14 priority areas. Research and Funding included: (1) embracing a complexities of place approach that (2) highlights vulnerable populations; (3) details the impact of ambient PM2.5 on brain health, including current and historical high-resolution exposure models; (4) emphasises the importance of indoor air pollution; (5) catalogues the multiple pathways to disease for brain health and dementia, including those most at risk; (6) embraces a life course perspective; and (7) radically rethinks funding. Education and Awareness included: (8) making this unrecognised public health issue known; (9) developing educational products; (10) attaching air pollution and brain health to existing strategies and campaigns; and (11) providing publicly available monitoring, assessment and screening tools. Policy Evaluation included: (12) conducting complex systems evaluation; (13) engaging in co-production; and (14) evaluating air quality policies for their brain health benefits. CONCLUSION Given the pressing issues of brain health, dementia and air pollution, setting a policy agenda is crucial. Policy needs to be matched by scientific evidence and appropriate guidelines, including bespoke strategies to optimise impact and mitigate unintended consequences. The agenda provided here is the first step toward such a plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Castellani
- Durham Research Methods Centre, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Centre for the Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Stockton Road, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Department of Sociology, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
| | - Suzanne Bartington
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Wistow
- Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Stockton Road, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Department of Sociology, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Heckels
- Research and Innovation Services, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Ellison
- Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Stockton Road, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Martie Van Tongeren
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Steve R Arnold
- School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Pete Barbrook-Johnson
- Centre for the Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom; Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martha Bicket
- Centre for the Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Francis D Pope
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Tom C Russ
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L Clarke
- Department of Sociology, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Pirani
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, W2 1PG, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Schwannauer
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, United Kingdom
| | - Massimo Vieno
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Turnbull
- Academic Health Sciences Network, North East and North Cumbria, Nuns' Moor Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE4 5PL, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel Gilbert
- Centre for the Evaluation of Complexity Across the Nexus, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Reis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, United Kingdom; University of Exeter Medical School, European Centre for Environment and Health, Knowledge Spa, Truro, TR1 3HD, United Kingdom; The University of Edinburgh, School of Chemistry, Level 3, Murchison House, 10 Max Born Crescent, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3BF, United Kingdom
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Khreis H, Bredell C, Wai Fung K, Hong L, Szybka M, Phillips V, Abbas A, Lim YH, Jovanovic Andersen Z, Woodcock J, Brayne C. Impact of long-term air pollution exposure on incidence of neurodegenerative diseases: A protocol for a systematic review and exposure-response meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 170:107596. [PMID: 36308811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient air pollution is a pervasive and ubiquitous hazard, which has been linked to premature morbidity and a growing number of morbidity endpoints. Air pollution may be linked to neurodegeneration, and via this or other pathways, to neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that air pollution may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Motor Neuron Diseases (MND), although this evidence remains inconsistent and very limited for MS and MND. In addition, this evidence base is rapidly emerging and would benefit from a wide and critical synthesis, including a better understanding of heterogeneity. OBJECTIVES In this paper, we present a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis and specify our methods a priori. The main aim of the planned systematic review is to answer the question of whether long-term exposure (>1 year) to ambient (outdoor) air pollution (exposure, compared to lower exposure) increases the risk of adult (population) incidence of neurodegenerative diseases (outcomes) in epidemiological observational studies (study design). Another aim is to meta-analyze the associations between long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants and the risk of the selected outcomes and assess the shape of exposure-response functions. To set the stage for the proposed work, we also overview the existing epidemiological evidence in this protocol, but do not critically evaluate it, as these results will be fully presented in the planned systematic review. SEARCH AND STUDY ELIGIBILITY We will search the electronic databases Medline (via Ovid), Embase (via Ovid), Cochrane Library, Cinahl (via Ebscohost), Global Health (via Ebscohost), PsycINFO (via Ebscohost), Scopus, Web of Science (Core Collection), from inception to October 2022. Eligible studies must contain primary research investigating the link between 1-year + exposure to any outdoor air pollutant, from any source, and dementia, PD, MS, and MND, or dementia subtypes: Alzheimer's Disease, vascular dementia, and mixed dementia. The search strategy and eligibility criteria are pre-determined and described in full in this protocol. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Articles will be stored and screened using Rayyan QCRI. Title and abstract screening, full text review, data extraction, risk of bias assessment and data preparation for statistical analysis will be conducted independently by two reviewers using pre-defined forms and criteria, described in this protocol. All these steps will also be piloted and the forms and/or methods adapted if issues arise. Meta-analysis and assessment of the shape of the exposure-response functions will be conducted if four independent exposure-outcomes pairs are available, and the remainder of results will be synthesized in the forms of tables and via a narrative summary. Certainty in the body of evidence will be assessed using the OHAT approach. This protocol describes the planned analysis and synthesis a priori and serves to increase transparency and impact of this systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Khreis
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SL, United Kingdom.
| | - Christiaan Bredell
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SL, United Kingdom
| | - Kwan Wai Fung
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SL, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy Hong
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SL, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Szybka
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SL, United Kingdom
| | - Veronica Phillips
- University of Cambridge Medical Library, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0SP, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Abbas
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SL, United Kingdom
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 15 Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zorana Jovanovic Andersen
- Section of Environmental and Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 15 Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Woodcock
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0SL, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Brayne
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SR, United Kingdom
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Andersson J, Oudin A, Nordin S, Forsberg B, Nordin M. PM 2.5 exposure and olfactory functions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:2484-2495. [PMID: 34461775 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1973969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that air pollution can negatively impact cognitive functions. The olfactory system is interesting in this context as it is directly exposed to pollutants and also associated with cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate long- and short-term PM2.5 exposure in association with olfactory functions. Scores from odor tests were obtained from the Betula project - a longitudinal cohort study. Estimates of annual mean PM2.5 concentrations at the participants' residential address were obtained from a dispersion-model. Daily mean PM2.5 concentrations were obtained from a measuring station close to the test location. We found a positive association between long-term PM2.5 exposure and odor identification, i.e. exposure was associated with a better ability to identify odors. We also found an interaction effect between PM2.5 and age on odor identification. We found no associations between any PM2.5 exposure and odor detection or between short-term PM2.5 exposure and olfactory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Oudin
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Steven Nordin
- Department of Psychology Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bertil Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Nordin
- Department of Psychology Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Mohamed EA, Ahmed HI, Zaky HS, Badr AM. Boswellic acids ameliorate neurodegeneration induced by AlCl 3: the implication of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76135-76143. [PMID: 35668264 PMCID: PMC9553772 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20611-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease (ND) that represents the principal cause of dementia. Effective treatment is still lacking. Without prevention, Alzheimer's disease (AD) incidence is expected to triple within 30 years. The risk increases in highly polluted areas and is positively linked to chronic aluminum (Al) exposure. Canonical Wingless-Int (Wnt)/β-catenin pathway has been found to play a considerable role in ND pathogenesis. Resins of Boswellia serrata (frankincense) have been used traditionally for their psychoactive activity, in addition to their memory-boosting effects. Boswellic acids (BA) are pentacyclic triterpenes. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in BA protective activity against aluminum-induced Alzheimer's disease. For 6 weeks, rats were treated daily with AlCl3 (100 mg/kg/i.p.) either alone or with BA (125 or 250 mg/kg PO). Results indicated that BA significantly improved learning and memory impairments induced by AlCl3 treatment. Moreover, BA treatment significantly decreased acetylcholinesterase levels and reduced amyloid-beta (Aβ) expression. In addition, BA ameliorated the increased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), inhibited lipid peroxidation, and increased total antioxidants in the brain. Indeed, BA significantly suppressed AlCl3-induced decrease of brain-derived neurotrophic factor, pGSK-3β (Ser 9), and β-catenin. BA (250 mg/kg) showed a significant protective effect compared to a lower dose. The results conclude that BA administration modulated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related parameters, contributing to BA's role against Al-induced Alzheimer's disease. Effect of Boswellic acids on AlCl3-induced neurodegenerative changes. ChE cholinesterase, Ach acetylcholine, BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, IL-1β interleukin-1β, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, P.N.11754 Egypt
| | - Hebatalla I. Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, P.N.11754 Egypt
| | - Heba S. Zaky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, P.N.11754 Egypt
| | - Amira M. Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Heliopolis, Cairo, Egypt
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Copur S, Ucku D, Kanbay M. Increase in the global burden of chronic kidney disease: might it be attributable to air pollution? Clin Kidney J 2022; 15:1800-1802. [PMID: 36158144 PMCID: PMC9494525 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfac101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is an emerging etiology of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Evidence regarding this causative relationship has been shown by several studies. Recently, Lin et al. conducted the first community-based study investigating the association between CKD prevalence and air pollutant levels utilizing a Fuzzy Logic Interference model. Despite the study's limitations, the results correlate with the previous meta-analysis and observational studies. Higher fine particular matter (PM2.5) levels are associated with the increased global burden of CKD and may also influence the unequal distribution of burden in low-to-middle income countries. Despite growing evidence of the association of air pollution with CKD risk, the underlying pathophysiology has yet to be fully understood. Future studies investigating the pathophysiology and efficiency of the potential therapeutic and preventive measures against air pollution-related kidney injury are required to reduce the CKD burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidar Copur
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Duygu Ucku
- Department of Medicine, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kanbay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gu L, Yu J, He Y, Fan Y, Sheng J. Blood copper excess is associated with mild cognitive impairment in elderly Chinese. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:1007-1019. [PMID: 35043280 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02034-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper is associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, there is a lack of relevant population studies with large sample sizes. AIMS This study used baseline data from a cohort study to determine the distribution characteristics of MCI in the elderly and to estimate the association between whole blood copper concentrations and MCI. METHODS MCI status was screened by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scale and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale. The concentration of copper in whole blood was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). RESULTS A total of 1057 subjects with an average age of 71.82 ± 6.45 years were included in this study. There were 215 patients with MCI, and the prevalence of MCI was 20.34%. After adjusting for general demographic variables, logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of MCI in the elderly with high copper level was 1.354 times higher than that in the elderly with low copper level (OR 1.354, 95% CI 1.047-1.983, P = 0.034). CONCLUSION In this study, it was found that the prevalence of MCI was different in gender, age, education level and other aspects, and a higher copper level in the elderly was significantly related to the occurrence of MCI. The association was stronger in older adults and men.
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Patten KT, Valenzuela AE, Wallis C, Harvey DJ, Bein KJ, Wexler AS, Gorin FA, Lein PJ. Hippocampal but Not Serum Cytokine Levels Are Altered by Traffic-Related Air Pollution in TgF344-AD and Wildtype Fischer 344 Rats in a Sex- and Age-Dependent Manner. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:861733. [PMID: 35530180 PMCID: PMC9072828 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.861733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that air pollution is a significant risk factor for age-related dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been posited that traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) promotes AD neuropathology by exacerbating neuroinflammation. To test this hypothesis, serum and hippocampal cytokines were quantified in male and female TgF344-AD rats and wildtype (WT) Fischer 344 littermates exposed to TRAP or filtered air (FA) from 1 to 15 months of age. Luminex™ rat 23-cytokine panel assays were used to measure the levels of hippocampal and serum cytokines in 3-, 6-, 10-, and 15-month-old rats (corresponding to 2, 5, 9, and 14 months of exposure, respectively). Age had a pronounced effect on both serum and hippocampal cytokines; however, age-related changes in hippocampus were not mirrored in the serum and vice versa. Age-related changes in serum cytokine levels were not influenced by sex, genotype, or TRAP exposure. However, in the hippocampus, in 3-month-old TgF344-AD and WT animals, TRAP increased IL-1ß in females while increasing TNF ɑin males. In 6-month-old animals, TRAP increased hippocampal levels of M-CSF in TgF344-AD and WT females but had no significant effect in males. At 10 and 15 months of age, there were minimal effects of TRAP, genotype or sex on hippocampal cytokines. These observations demonstrate that TRAP triggers an early inflammatory response in the hippocampus that differs with sex and age and is not reflected in the serum cytokine profile. The relationship of TRAP effects on cytokines to disease progression remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley T. Patten
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anthony E. Valenzuela
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Christopher Wallis
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Danielle J. Harvey
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Keith J. Bein
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Anthony S. Wexler
- Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Land, Air and Water Resources, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Fredric A. Gorin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Suresh S, Begum RF, Singh S A, V C. Anthocyanin as a therapeutic in Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review of preclinical evidences. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 76:101595. [PMID: 35217244 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this systematic review is to ponder the possible mechanism of action of anthocyanin in Alzheimer's disease (AD), to prompt the development of anthocyanin-based dietary supplementation or therapeutic intervention for AD and to explore the natural sources of anthocyanins. METHODS Electronic bibliographic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Proquest, DOAJ, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for preclinical studies probing the efficacy of anthocyanin on AD. The search strategy included no time limit, but was restricted to English. The review protocol is registered on PROSPERO, registration no. CRD42021272972. The systematic review followed the PICO approach for inclusion of reports. All the reports were appraised for risk of bias using the SYRCLE's RoB tool. RESULTS Bibliographic details of the article, animal strain/weight/age, induction model, anthocyanin source, type of anthocyanin, dose, route of administration, duration, and the outcome measures were extracted from 12 retrieved reports explicitly. The implication of food-based anthocyanin in acute and long-term cognition and Aβ mediated neurodegeneration appears alluring. Majority of the studies comprehended in this review had moderate methodological quality. DISCUSSION Efficacy of anthocyanin in alleviating oxidative stress, reactive astrogliosis, cholinergic dysfunction, apoptosis, synaptotoxicity, neuroinflammation, tau hyperphosphorylation, dysregulated membrane potential, neuronal extracellular calcium, dysfunctional amyloidogenic pathway, and cognitive deficits in various rodent models of AD is manifested compositely in 12 studies.
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He F, Tang J, Zhang T, Lin J, Li F, Gu X, Chen A, Nevill A, Chen R. Impact of air pollution exposure on the risk of Alzheimer's disease in China: A community-based cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 205:112318. [PMID: 34742710 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Impact of air pollution (AP) on the risk of AD is unclear. It is unknown which air pollutants are independently associated with AD and whether fish consumption mitigated the association. We carried out a community-based cohort of 6115 participants aged ≥60 years in China to examine the association of PM2.5, PM10, CO, NO2, SO2 and O3 exposure with AD, and differences in the association between people with low and high consumption of fish. The participants were randomly recruited from six counties in Zhejiang province for health survey to document socio-demographic and disease risk factors in 2014, and were followed up to diagnose AD in 2019. A total of 986 cohort members were diagnosed with AD. Based on the daily mean air pollutants monitored in 2013-2015 in the counties, participants were divided into low, middle and high AP exposure groups for subsequent analysis. The multiple adjusted odds ratio (OR) of AD in participants living with the middle and high levels of PM2.5 exposure versus the low exposure were 1.50 (95% CI 0.90-2.50) and 3.92 (2.09-7.37). The increased ORs were also with PM10 (1.74, 0.65-4.64; 3.00, 1.22-7.41) and CO (2.86, 1.32-6.20; 1.19, 0.45-3.18), but not with NO2 (0.63, 0.17-2.27; 0.95, 0.28-3.19), SO2 (0.44, 0.19-1.001; 1.21, 0.56-2.62), and O3 (0.38, 0.20-0.74; 0.50, 0.21-1.21). There were no significant interaction effects of AP with fish consumption on AD. However, participants with low consumption of fish appeared to have higher ORs in PM2.5 exposure (1.80, 1.39-2.33; 5.18, 3.93-6.82) than those high consumption (1.38, 0.78-2.47; 2.89, 1.50-5.59). Our findings of PM2.5, PM10 and CO exposure significantly increased the risk of AD and the potential mitigating effect of fish consumption on the association provide evidence for developing effective strategies for AD reduction and air pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, UK; Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junfen Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fudong Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Gu
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anthony Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, UK
| | - Alan Nevill
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Ruoling Chen
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, UK.
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Baumgartner S, Stute P. Menopausale Hormontherapie und Demenz. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-022-00445-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Park SY, Han J, Kim SH, Suk HW, Park JE, Lee DY. Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution on Cognitive Decline in Older Adults Without Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:553-563. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-215120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Air pollution control is necessary to decrease the burden on older adults with cognitive impairment, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Objective: This study retrospectively examined the effect of cumulative exposure to air pollution, including NO2, SO2, CO, fine particulate matter (PM)10, PM2.5, and O3, on cognitive function in older individuals. Methods: Community-dwelling older adults who underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) from 2007 to 2018 were included in the analyses. We excluded older individuals diagnosed with dementia at baseline, while those who had completed more than two MMSE tests were included in the longitudinal analyses. Baseline MMSE and changes in MMSE scores were analyzed according to 5-year average concentrations of the district-level air pollutants, after controlling for covariates associated with cognitive decline in older adults. Results: In total, 884,053 (74.3±7.1 years; 64.1% females) and 398,889 (72.3±6.4 years; 67.0% females) older individuals were included in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. Older individuals exposed to higher levels of NO2, SO2, CO, and PM10 showed lower baseline MMSE scores. During follow-up, exposure to higher levels of NO2, SO2, CO, and PM10 was associated with greater decreases in MMSE scores in older individuals; for O3, the opposite pattern was observed. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that exposure to high levels of air pollutants can worsen the cognitive performance of older adults without dementia. Efforts to reduce air pollution in LMICs that have similar levels of pollutants to South Korea are necessary to reduce the burden on older adults with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Young Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Han
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seon Hwa Kim
- Seoul Metropolitan Center for Dementia, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Suk
- Departement of Psychology, Sogang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Eun Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Jongno Community Center for Dementia, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Seoul Metropolitan Center for Dementia, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Medical Research Center, Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Interdisiplinary Program in Cognitive Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Zhao YL, Qu Y, Ou YN, Zhang YR, Tan L, Yu JT. Environmental factors and risks of cognitive impairment and dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 72:101504. [PMID: 34755643 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia is a challenging neurodegenerative disease. This systematic review aimed to summarize natural, physical, and social environmental factors that are associated with age-related cognitive impairment and dementia. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PsychINFO till January 11, 2021 for observational studies. The hazard ratio (HR), relative risk (RR), and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were aggregated using random-effects methods. The quality of evidence for each association was evaluated. RESULTS Of the 48,399 publications identified, there were 185 suitable for review across 44 environmental factors. Meta-analyses were performed for 22 factors. With high-to-moderate quality of evidence, risks were suggested in exposure to PM2.5 (HR=1.24, 95%CI: 1.17-1.31), NO2 (HR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.02-1.12), aluminum (OR=1.35, 95%CI: 1.14-1.59), solvents (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.07-1.22), road proximity (OR=1.08, 95%CI: 1.04-1.12) and other air pollutions, yet more frequent social contact (HR=0.82, 95%CI: 0.76-0.90) and more greenness (OR=0.97, 95%CI: 0.95-0.995) were protective. With low-to-very low quality, electromagnetic fields, pesticides, SO2, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and rural living were suggested risks, but more community cultural engagement might be protective. No significant associations were observed in exposure to PM10, NOx, noise, silicon, community group, and temperature. For the remaining 22 factors, only a descriptive analysis was undertaken as too few studies or lack of information. CONCLUSIONS This review highlights that air pollutions, especially PM2.5 and NO2 play important role in the risk for age-related cognitive impairment and dementia.
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A national cohort study (2000-2018) of long-term air pollution exposure and incident dementia in older adults in the United States. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6754. [PMID: 34799599 PMCID: PMC8604909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Air pollution may increase risk of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) in the U.S., but the extent of this relationship is unclear. Here, we constructed two national U.S. population-based cohorts of those aged ≥65 from the Medicare Chronic Conditions Warehouse (2000–2018), combined with high-resolution air pollution datasets, to investigate the association of long-term exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) with dementia and AD incidence, respectively. We identified ~2.0 million incident dementia cases (N = 12,233,371; dementia cohort) and ~0.8 million incident AD cases (N = 12,456,447; AD cohort). Per interquartile range (IQR) increase in the 5-year average PM2.5 (3.2 µg/m3), NO2 (11.6 ppb), and warm-season O3 (5.3 ppb) over the past 5 years prior to diagnosis, the hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.060 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054, 1.066), 1.019 (95% CI: 1.012, 1.026), and 0.990 (95% CI: 0.987, 0.993) for incident dementias, and 1.078 (95% CI: 1.070, 1.086), 1.031 (95% CI: 1.023, 1.039), and 0.982 (95%CI: 0.977, 0.986) for incident AD, respectively, for the three pollutants. For both outcomes, concentration-response relationships for PM2.5 and NO2 were approximately linear. Our study suggests that exposures to PM2.5 and NO2 are associated with incidence of dementia and AD. Air pollution has been linked to neurodegenerative disease. Here the authors carried out a population-based cohort study to investigate the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5, NO2, and warm-season O3 on dementia and Alzheimer’s disease incidence in the United States.
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Avan A, Hachinski V. Stroke and dementia, leading causes of neurological disability and death, potential for prevention. Alzheimers Dement 2021; 17:1072-1076. [PMID: 34057294 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke and dementia share a number of modifiable risk factors and are the leading cause of neurological disability and death worldwide. METHODS We report the 2019 estimations for global disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and death numbers and rates related to stroke and dementia, as well as their risk attributed DALYs and deaths and their changes between 2010 and 2019. RESULTS Stroke accounted for 69.8%, dementia for 17.3%, and combined contributed to 87.2% (8.2 million) of neurological deaths and 61.7% (168.5 million) of neurological DALYs in 2019. For stroke, 86.4% of DALYs and for dementias 32.8% of DALYs are attributable to risk factors. Globally, hypertension (54.8%) and unhealthy diet (30.0%) pose the greatest risk for stroke DALYs, and smoking (15.1%) and obesity (12.5%) for dementia DALYs. DISCUSSION Worldwide, stroke and dementia cases are increasing in number, but their age-standardized rates are falling. Finding out why offers the possibility of their joint delay, mitigation, or prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Avan
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Mashhad Univesity of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vladimir Hachinski
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Patten KT, Valenzuela AE, Wallis C, Berg EL, Silverman JL, Bein KJ, Wexler AS, Lein PJ. The Effects of Chronic Exposure to Ambient Traffic-Related Air Pollution on Alzheimer's Disease Phenotypes in Wildtype and Genetically Predisposed Male and Female Rats. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:57005. [PMID: 33971107 PMCID: PMC8110309 DOI: 10.1289/ehp8905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological data link traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) to increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Preclinical data corroborating this association are largely from studies of male animals exposed acutely or subchronically to high levels of isolated fractions of TRAP. What remains unclear is whether chronic exposure to ambient TRAP modifies AD risk and the influence of sex on this interaction. OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess effects of chronic exposure to ambient TRAP on the time to onset and severity of AD phenotypes in a preclinical model and to determine whether sex or genetic susceptibility influences outcomes. METHODS Male and female TgF344-AD rats that express human AD risk genes and wildtype littermates were housed in a vivarium adjacent to a heavily trafficked tunnel in Northern California and exposed for up to 14 months to filtered air (FA) or TRAP drawn from the tunnel and delivered to animals unchanged in real time. Refractive particles in the brain and AD phenotypes were quantified in 3-, 6-, 10-, and 15-month-old animals using hyperspectral imaging, behavioral testing, and neuropathologic measures. RESULTS Particulate matter (PM) concentrations in TRAP exposure chambers fluctuated with traffic flow but remained below 24-h PM with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standards limits. Ultrafine PM was a predominant component of TRAP. Nano-sized refractive particles were detected in the hippocampus of TRAP animals. TRAP-exposed animals had more amyloid plaque deposition, higher hyperphosphorylated tau levels, more neuronal cell loss, and greater cognitive deficits in an age-, genotype-, and sex-dependent manner. TRAP-exposed animals also had more microglial cell activation, but not astrogliosis. DISCUSSION These data demonstrate that chronic exposure to ambient TRAP promoted AD phenotypes in wildtype and genetically susceptible rats. TRAP effects varied according to age, sex, and genotype, suggesting that AD progression depends on complex interactions between environment and genetics. These findings suggest current PM2.5 regulations are insufficient to protect the aging brain. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP8905.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley T. Patten
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis (UC Davis) School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anthony E. Valenzuela
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis (UC Davis) School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth L. Berg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Jill L. Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
- The MIND Institute, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Keith J. Bein
- Air Quality Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Center for Health and the Environment, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anthony S. Wexler
- Air Quality Research Center, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, and Land, Air and Water Resources, UC Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis (UC Davis) School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
- The MIND Institute, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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