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Dai Y, Ying Y, Zhu G, Xu Y, Ji K. STAT3 drives the expression of HIF1alpha in cancer cells through a novel super-enhancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 735:150483. [PMID: 39098275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is one of the major hallmarks of malignant tumors. This metabolic reprogramming benefits the rapid proliferation of cancer cells, facilitates the formation of tumor microenvironment to support their growth and survival, and impairs the efficacy of various tumor therapies. Therefore, the elucidation of the mechanisms driving aerobic glycolysis in tumors represents a pivotal breakthrough in developing therapeutic strategies for solid tumors. HIF1α serves as a central regulator of aerobic glycolysis with elevated mRNA and protein expression across multiple tumor types. However, the mechanisms contributing to this upregulation remain elusive. This study reports the identification of a novel HIF1α super enhancer (HSE) in multiple cancer cells using bioinformatics analysis, chromosome conformation capture (3C), chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing techniques. Deletion of HSE in cancer cells significantly reduces the expression of HIF1α, glycolysis, cell proliferation, colony and tumor formation ability, confirming the role of HSE as the enhancer of HIF1α in cancer cells. Particularly, we demonstrated that STAT3 promotes the expression of HIF1α by binding to HSE. The discovery of HSE will help elucidate the pathways driving tumor aerobic glycolysis, offering new therapeutic targets and potentially resolving the bottleneck in solid tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Dai
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yue Ying
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Gaoyang Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0322, USA.
| | - Kaiyuan Ji
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Medical Research Center, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
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2
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Kafeel S, Ragone A, Salzillo A, Palmiero G, Naviglio S, Sapio L. Adiponectin Receptor Agonist AdipoRon Inhibits Proliferation and Drives Glycolytic Dependence in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2633. [PMID: 39123363 PMCID: PMC11312309 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16152633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the countless therapeutic advances achieved over the years, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. To this primacy contribute both non-oncogene addicted and advanced NSCLCs, in which conventional therapies are only partially effective. The adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon has revealed antiproliferative action in different cancers, including osteosarcoma and pancreatic cancer. Herein, we investigated its potential anticancer role in NSCLC for the first time. We proved that AdipoRon strongly inhibits viability, growth and colony formation in H1299 and A549 NSCLC cells, mainly through a slowdown in cell cycle progression. Along with the biological behaviors, a metabolic switching was observed after AdipoRon administration in NSCLC cells, consisting of higher glucose consumption and lactate accumulation. Remarkably, both 2-Deoxy Glucose and Oxamate glycolytic-interfering agents greatly enhanced AdipoRon's antiproliferative features. As a master regulator of cell metabolism, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) was activated by AdipoRon. Notably, the ablation of AdipoRon-induced AMPK phosphorylation by Compound-C significantly counteracted its effectiveness. However, the engagement of other pathways should be investigated afterwards. With a focus on NSCLC, our findings further support the ability of AdipoRon in acting as an anticancer molecule, driving its endorsement as a future candidate in NSCLC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Silvio Naviglio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy; (S.K.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (G.P.); (L.S.)
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3
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Jin Z, Hammoud H, Bhandage AK, Korol SV, Trujeque-Ramos O, Koreli S, Gong Z, Chowdhury AI, Sandbaumhüter FA, Jansson ET, Lindsay RS, Christoffersson G, Andrén PE, Carlsson PO, Bergsten P, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Birnir B. GABA-mediated inhibition of human CD4 + T cell functions is enhanced by insulin but impaired by high glucose levels. EBioMedicine 2024; 105:105217. [PMID: 38943728 PMCID: PMC11260598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), known as the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, exerts immunomodulatory functions by interaction with immune cells, including T cells. Metabolic programs of T cells are closely linked to their effector functions including proliferation, differentiation, and cytokine production. The physiological molecules glucose and insulin may provide environmental cues and guidance, but whether they coordinate to regulate GABA-mediated T cell immunomodulation is still being examined. METHODS CD4+ T cells that were isolated from blood samples from healthy individuals and from patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) were activated in vitro. We carried out metabolic assays, multiple proximity extension assay (PEA), ELISA, qPCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis, MS-based proteomics, as well as electrophysiology and live-cell Ca2+ imaging. FINDINGS We demonstrate that GABA-mediated reduction of metabolic activity and the release of inflammatory proteins, including IFNγ and IL-10, were abolished in human CD4+ T cells from healthy individuals and patients with T1D when the glucose concentration was elevated above levels typically observed in healthy people. Insulin increased GABAA receptor-subunit ρ2 expression, enhanced the GABAA receptors-mediated currents and Ca2+ influx. GABA decreased, whereas insulin sustained, hexokinase activity and glycolysis in a glucose concentration-dependent manner. INTERPRETATION These findings support that metabolic factors, such as glucose and insulin, influence the GABA-mediated immunomodulation of human primary T cells effector functions. FUNDING The Swedish Children's Diabetes Foundation, The Swedish Diabetes Foundation, The Swedish Research Council 2018-02952, EXODIAB, The Ernfors Foundation, The Thurings Foundation and the Science for Life Laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Jin
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hayma Hammoud
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Stasini Koreli
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhitao Gong
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Erik Tomas Jansson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Per Erik Andrén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Spatial Mass Spectrometry, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Bergsten
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Masood Kamali-Moghaddam
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bryndis Birnir
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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4
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Berrell N, Sadeghirad H, Blick T, Bidgood C, Leggatt GR, O'Byrne K, Kulasinghe A. Metabolomics at the tumor microenvironment interface: Decoding cellular conversations. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:1121-1146. [PMID: 38146814 DOI: 10.1002/med.22010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer heterogeneity remains a significant challenge for effective cancer treatments. Altered energetics is one of the hallmarks of cancer and influences tumor growth and drug resistance. Studies have shown that heterogeneity exists within the metabolic profile of tumors, and personalized-combination therapy with relevant metabolic interventions could improve patient response. Metabolomic studies are identifying novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets that have improved treatment response. The spatial location of elements in the tumor microenvironment are becoming increasingly important for understanding disease progression. The evolution of spatial metabolomics analysis now allows scientists to deeply understand how metabolite distribution contributes to cancer biology. Recently, these techniques have spatially resolved metabolite distribution to a subcellular level. It has been proposed that metabolite mapping could improve patient outcomes by improving precision medicine, enabling earlier diagnosis and intraoperatively identifying tumor margins. This review will discuss how altered metabolic pathways contribute to cancer progression and drug resistance and will explore the current capabilities of spatial metabolomics technologies and how these could be integrated into clinical practice to improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Berrell
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Habib Sadeghirad
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tony Blick
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles Bidgood
- APCRC-Q, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Graham R Leggatt
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ken O'Byrne
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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5
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Yang L, Bu X, Lu X, Wan J, Zhang X, Zhang W, Zhong L. SERS-based long-term mitochondrial pH monitoring during differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells to neural progenitor cells. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2926-2936. [PMID: 38855674 PMCID: PMC11161384 DOI: 10.1364/boe.519931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
As one of the important organelles in the process of cell differentiation, mitochondria regulate the whole process of differentiation by participating in energy supply and information transmission. Mitochondrial pH value is a key indicator of mitochondrial function. Therefore, real-time monitoring of mitochondrial pH value during cell differentiation is of great significance for understanding cell biochemical processes and exploring differentiation mechanisms. In this study, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology was used to achieve the real-time monitoring of mitochondrial pH during induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiation into neural progenitor cells (NPCs). The results showed that the variation trend of mitochondrial pH in normal and abnormal differentiated batches was different. The mitochondrial pH value of normal differentiated cells continued to decline from iPSCs to embryoid bodies (EB) day 4, and continued to rise from EB day 4 to the NPCs stage, and the mitochondrial microenvironment of iPSCs to NPCs differentiation became acidic. In contrast, the mitochondrial pH value of abnormally differentiated cells declined continuously during differentiation. This study improves the information on acid-base balance during cell differentiation and may provide a basis for further understanding of the changes and regulatory mechanisms of mitochondrial metabolism during cell differentiation. This also helps to improve more accurate and useful differentiation protocols based on the microenvironment within the mitochondria, improving the efficiency of cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoya Bu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoxu Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Functional Materials and Devices, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianhui Wan
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weina Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liyun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Integrated Sensing and Communication of Ministry of Education, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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6
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Kundu S. A mathematically rigorous algorithm to define, compute and assess relevance of the probable dissociation constants in characterizing a biochemical network. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3507. [PMID: 38347039 PMCID: PMC10861591 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53231-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolism results from enzymatic- and non-enzymatic interactions of several molecules, is easily parameterized with the dissociation constant and occurs via biochemical networks. The dissociation constant is an empirically determined parameter and cannot be used directly to investigate in silico models of biochemical networks. Here, we develop and present an algorithm to define, compute and assess the relevance of the probable dissociation constant for every reaction of a biochemical network. The reactants and reactions of this network are modelled by a stoichiometry number matrix. The algorithm computes the null space and then serially generates subspaces by combinatorially summing the spanning vectors that are non-trivial and unique. This is done until the terms of each row either monotonically diverge or form an alternating sequence whose terms can be partitioned into subsets with almost the same number of oppositely signed terms. For a selected null space-generated subspace the algorithm utilizes several statistical and mathematical descriptors to select and bin terms from each row into distinct outcome-specific subsets. The terms of each subset are summed, mapped to the real-valued open interval [Formula: see text] and used to populate a reaction-specific outcome vector. The p1-norm for this vector is then the probable dissociation constant for this reaction. These steps are continued until every reaction of a modelled network is unambiguously annotated. The assertions presented are complemented by computational studies of a biochemical network for aerobic glycolysis. The fundamental premise of this work is that every row of a null space-generated subspace is a valid reaction and can therefore, be modelled as a reaction-specific sequence vector with a dimension that corresponds to the cardinality of the subspace after excluding all trivial- and redundant-vectors. A major finding of this study is that the row-wise sum or the sum of the terms contained in each reaction-specific sequence vector is mapped unambiguously to a positive real number. This means that the probable dissociation constants, for all reactions, can be directly computed from the stoichiometry number matrix and are suitable indicators of outcome for every reaction of the modelled biochemical network. Additionally, we find that the unambiguous annotation for a biochemical network will require a minimum number of iterations and will determine computational complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Kundu
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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7
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Mathew M, Nguyen NT, Bhutia YD, Sivaprakasam S, Ganapathy V. Metabolic Signature of Warburg Effect in Cancer: An Effective and Obligatory Interplay between Nutrient Transporters and Catabolic/Anabolic Pathways to Promote Tumor Growth. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:504. [PMID: 38339256 PMCID: PMC10854907 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, originally observed by Warburg 100 years ago, which involves the production of lactate as the end product of glucose breakdown even in the presence of adequate oxygen, is the foundation for the current interest in the cancer-cell-specific reprograming of metabolic pathways. The renewed interest in cancer cell metabolism has now gone well beyond the original Warburg effect related to glycolysis to other metabolic pathways that include amino acid metabolism, one-carbon metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, nucleotide synthesis, antioxidant machinery, etc. Since glucose and amino acids constitute the primary nutrients that fuel the altered metabolic pathways in cancer cells, the transporters that mediate the transfer of these nutrients and their metabolites not only across the plasma membrane but also across the mitochondrial and lysosomal membranes have become an integral component of the expansion of the Warburg effect. In this review, we focus on the interplay between these transporters and metabolic pathways that facilitates metabolic reprogramming, which has become a hallmark of cancer cells. The beneficial outcome of this recent understanding of the unique metabolic signature surrounding the Warburg effect is the identification of novel drug targets for the development of a new generation of therapeutics to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vadivel Ganapathy
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (M.M.); (N.T.N.); (Y.D.B.); (S.S.)
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8
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Chen B, Wang Y, Wu Y, Xu T. Effect of HPV Oncoprotein on Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in Tumor Cells. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2024; 24:987-1004. [PMID: 38284713 DOI: 10.2174/0115680096266981231215111109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
High-risk HPV infection accounts for 99.7% of cervical cancer, over 90% of anal cancer, 50% of head and neck cancers, 40% of vulvar cancer, and some cases of vaginal and penile cancer, contributing to approximately 5% of cancers worldwide. The development of cancer is a complex, multi-step process characterized by dysregulation of signaling pathways and alterations in metabolic pathways. Extensive research has demonstrated that metabolic reprogramming plays a key role in the progression of various cancers, such as cervical, head and neck, bladder, and prostate cancers, providing the material and energy foundation for rapid proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Metabolic reprogramming of tumor cells allows for the rapid generation of ATP, aiding in meeting the high energy demands of HPV-related cancer cell proliferation. The interaction between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and its associated cancers has become a recent focus of investigation. The impact of HPV on cellular metabolism has emerged as an emerging research topic. A significant body of research has shown that HPV influences relevant metabolic signaling pathways, leading to cellular metabolic alterations. Exploring the underlying mechanisms may facilitate the discovery of biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of HPV-associated diseases. In this review, we introduced the molecular structure of HPV and its replication process, discussed the diseases associated with HPV infection, described the energy metabolism of normal cells, highlighted the metabolic features of tumor cells, and provided an overview of recent advances in potential therapeutic targets that act on cellular metabolism. We discussed the potential mechanisms underlying these changes. This article aims to elucidate the role of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in reshaping cellular metabolism and the application of metabolic changes in the research of related diseases. Targeting cancer metabolism may serve as an effective strategy to support traditional cancer treatments, as metabolic reprogramming is crucial for malignant transformation in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biqing Chen
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yichao Wang
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yishi Wu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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9
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Mc Cluskey M, Dubouchaud H, Nicot AS, Saudou F. A vesicular Warburg effect: Aerobic glycolysis occurs on axonal vesicles for local NAD+ recycling and transport. Traffic 2024; 25:e12926. [PMID: 38084815 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In neurons, fast axonal transport (FAT) of vesicles occurs over long distances and requires constant and local energy supply for molecular motors in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). FAT is independent of mitochondrial metabolism. Indeed, the glycolytic machinery is present on vesicles and locally produces ATP, as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide bonded with hydrogen (NADH) and pyruvate, using glucose as a substrate. It remains unclear whether pyruvate is transferred to mitochondria from the vesicles as well as how NADH is recycled into NAD+ on vesicles for continuous glycolysis activity. The optimization of a glycolytic activity test for subcellular compartments allowed the evaluation of the kinetics of vesicular glycolysis in the brain. This revealed that glycolysis is more efficient on vesicles than in the cytosol. We also found that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzymatic activity is required for effective vesicular ATP production. Indeed, inhibition of LDH or the forced degradation of pyruvate inhibited ATP production from axonal vesicles. We found LDHA rather than the B isoform to be enriched on axonal vesicles suggesting a preferential transformation of pyruvate to lactate and a concomitant recycling of NADH into NAD+ on vesicles. Finally, we found that LDHA inhibition dramatically reduces the FAT of both dense-core vesicles and synaptic vesicle precursors in a reconstituted cortico-striatal circuit on-a-chip. Together, this shows that aerobic glycolysis is required to supply energy for vesicular transport in neurons, similar to the Warburg effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Mc Cluskey
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neuroscience, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Dubouchaud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics, LBFA, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Nicot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neuroscience, GIN, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neuroscience, GIN, Grenoble, France
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10
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Giles B, Nakhjavani M, Wiesa A, Knight T, Shigdar S, Samarasinghe RM. Unravelling the Glioblastoma Tumour Microenvironment: Can Aptamer Targeted Delivery Become Successful in Treating Brain Cancers? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4376. [PMID: 37686652 PMCID: PMC10487158 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The key challenges to treating glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the heterogeneous and complex nature of the GBM tumour microenvironment (TME) and difficulty of drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The TME is composed of various neuronal and immune cells, as well as non-cellular components, including metabolic products, cellular interactions, and chemical compositions, all of which play a critical role in GBM development and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we aim to unravel the complexity of the GBM TME, evaluate current therapeutics targeting this microenvironment, and lastly identify potential targets and therapeutic delivery vehicles for the treatment of GBM. Specifically, we explore the potential of aptamer-targeted delivery as a successful approach to treating brain cancers. Aptamers have emerged as promising therapeutic drug delivery vehicles with the potential to cross the BBB and deliver payloads to GBM and brain metastases. By targeting specific ligands within the TME, aptamers could potentially improve treatment outcomes and overcome the challenges associated with larger therapies such as antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna Giles
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (B.G.); (S.S.); (R.M.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Maryam Nakhjavani
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (B.G.); (S.S.); (R.M.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Andrew Wiesa
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (B.G.); (S.S.); (R.M.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Tareeque Knight
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (B.G.); (S.S.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Sarah Shigdar
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (B.G.); (S.S.); (R.M.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Rasika M. Samarasinghe
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (B.G.); (S.S.); (R.M.S.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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11
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Arra M, Abu-Amer Y. Cross-talk of inflammation and chondrocyte intracellular metabolism in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:1012-1021. [PMID: 37094761 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a disease that impacts millions around the world, leading to significant financial and medical burden for patients and the healthcare system. However, no effective biomarkers or disease modifying therapeutics exist for the early identification and management of the disease. Inflammation drives chondrocytes to express extracellular matrix (ECM) degrading enzymes and interruption of this pathway is a viable target to prevent degradation of cartilage. It has been demonstrated that inflammation can alter the intracellular metabolism of chondrocytes, a process known as metabolic reprogramming. This metabolic reprogramming is critical for cartilage breakdown by shifting chondrocytes to an ECM-catabolic state and likely as a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis. Metabolic modulators hold the potential to reduce chondrocyte inflammatory responses and protect cartilage. In this narrative review, we explore some of the existing examples of interactions between metabolism and inflammatory pathways in chondrocytes. We summarize the impact of inflammatory stimulation on various metabolic pathways and describe several examples by which targeting of metabolism is able to modulate ECM-degrading activity of chondrocytes to protect against cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arra
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Y Abu-Amer
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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12
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Amato I, Meurant S, Renard P. The Key Role of Mitochondria in Somatic Stem Cell Differentiation: From Mitochondrial Asymmetric Apportioning to Cell Fate. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12181. [PMID: 37569553 PMCID: PMC10418455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of the mechanisms underlying stem cell differentiation is under intensive research and includes the contribution of a metabolic switch from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism. While mitochondrial biogenesis has been previously demonstrated in number of differentiation models, it is only recently that the role of mitochondrial dynamics has started to be explored. The discovery of asymmetric distribution of mitochondria in stem cell progeny has strengthened the interest in the field. This review attempts to summarize the regulation of mitochondrial asymmetric apportioning by the mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitophagy processes as well as emphasize how asymmetric mitochondrial apportioning in stem cells affects their metabolism, and thus epigenetics, and determines cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilario Amato
- Ressearch Unit in Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000 Namur, Belgium; (I.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sébastien Meurant
- Ressearch Unit in Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000 Namur, Belgium; (I.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Patricia Renard
- Ressearch Unit in Cell Biology (URBC), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000 Namur, Belgium; (I.A.); (S.M.)
- Mass Spectrometry Platform (MaSUN), Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur (UNamur), 5000 Namur, Belgium
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13
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Watson DC, Bayik D, Storevik S, Moreino SS, Sprowls SA, Han J, Augustsson MT, Lauko A, Sravya P, Røsland GV, Troike K, Tronstad KJ, Wang S, Sarnow K, Kay K, Lunavat TR, Silver DJ, Dayal S, Joseph JV, Mulkearns-Hubert E, Ystaas LAR, Deshpande G, Guyon J, Zhou Y, Magaut CR, Seder J, Neises L, Williford SE, Meiser J, Scott AJ, Sajjakulnukit P, Mears JA, Bjerkvig R, Chakraborty A, Daubon T, Cheng F, Lyssiotis CA, Wahl DR, Hjelmeland AB, Hossain JA, Miletic H, Lathia JD. GAP43-dependent mitochondria transfer from astrocytes enhances glioblastoma tumorigenicity. NATURE CANCER 2023; 4:648-664. [PMID: 37169842 PMCID: PMC10212766 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00556-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of intact mitochondria between heterogeneous cell types has been confirmed in various settings, including cancer. However, the functional implications of mitochondria transfer on tumor biology are poorly understood. Here we show that mitochondria transfer is a prevalent phenomenon in glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and malignant primary brain tumor. We identified horizontal mitochondria transfer from astrocytes as a mechanism that enhances tumorigenesis in GBM. This transfer is dependent on network-forming intercellular connections between GBM cells and astrocytes, which are facilitated by growth-associated protein 43 (GAP43), a protein involved in neuron axon regeneration and astrocyte reactivity. The acquisition of astrocyte mitochondria drives an increase in mitochondrial respiration and upregulation of metabolic pathways linked to proliferation and tumorigenicity. Functionally, uptake of astrocyte mitochondria promotes cell cycle progression to proliferative G2/M phases and enhances self-renewal and tumorigenicity of GBM. Collectively, our findings reveal a host-tumor interaction that drives proliferation and self-renewal of cancer cells, providing opportunities for therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dionysios C Watson
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Defne Bayik
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Simon Storevik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | - Jianhua Han
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Adam Lauko
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Palavalasa Sravya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Katie Troike
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Wang
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Kristen Kay
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Taral R Lunavat
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Molecular Neurogenetics Unit-West, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sahil Dayal
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Erin Mulkearns-Hubert
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Joris Guyon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM, BRIC, Pessac, France
| | - Yadi Zhou
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Juliana Seder
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Laura Neises
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Johannes Meiser
- Cancer Metabolism Group, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Andrew J Scott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jason A Mears
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rolf Bjerkvig
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Cancer Research, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Abhishek Chakraborty
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas Daubon
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC, Bordeaux, France
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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14
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Liu Y, Wang J, Jiang M. Copper-related genes predict prognosis and characteristics of breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145080. [PMID: 37180167 PMCID: PMC10172490 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of copper in cancer treatment is multifaceted, with copper homeostasis-related genes associated with both breast cancer prognosis and chemotherapy resistance. Interestingly, both elimination and overload of copper have been reported to have therapeutic potential in cancer treatment. Despite these findings, the exact relationship between copper homeostasis and cancer development remains unclear, and further investigation is needed to clarify this complexity. Methods The pan-cancer gene expression and immune infiltration analysis were performed using the Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) dataset. The R software packages were employed to analyze the expression and mutation status of breast cancer samples. After constructing a prognosis model to separate breast cancer samples by LASSO-Cox regression, we examined the immune statement, survival status, drug sensitivity and metabolic characteristics of the high- and low-copper related genes scoring groups. We also studied the expression of the constructed genes using the human protein atlas database and analyzed their related pathways. Finally, copper staining was performed with the clinical sample to investigate the distribution of copper in breast cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue. Results Pan-cancer analysis showed that copper-related genes are associated with breast cancer, and the immune infiltration profile of breast cancer samples is significantly different from that of other cancers. The essential copper-related genes of LASSO-Cox regression were ATP7B (ATPase Copper Transporting Beta) and DLAT (Dihydrolipoamide S-Acetyltransferase), whose associated genes were enriched in the cell cycle pathway. The low-copper related genes scoring group presented higher levels of immune activation, better probabilities of survival, enrichment in pathways related to pyruvate metabolism and apoptosis, and higher sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. Immunohistochemistry staining showed high protein expression of ATP7B and DLAT in breast cancer samples. The copper staining showed copper distribution in breast cancer tissue. Conclusion This study displayed the potential impacts of copper-related genes on the overall survival, immune infiltration, drug sensitivity and metabolic profile of breast cancer, which could predict patients' survival and tumor statement. These findings may serve to support future research efforts aiming at improving the management of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxi Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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15
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Shirbandi K, Rikhtegar R, Khalafi M, Mirza Aghazadeh Attari M, Rahmani F, Javanmardi P, Iraji S, Babaei Aghdam Z, Rezaei Rashnoudi AM. Functional Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Lactate in Alzheimer Disease: A Comprehensive Review of Alzheimer Disease Pathology and the Role of Lactate. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 32:15-26. [PMID: 37093700 PMCID: PMC10121369 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Functional 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) is a derivative of dynamic MRS imaging. This modality links physiologic metabolic responses with available activity and measures absolute or relative concentrations of various metabolites. According to clinical evidence, the mitochondrial glycolysis pathway is disrupted in many nervous system disorders, especially Alzheimer disease, resulting in the activation of anaerobic glycolysis and an increased rate of lactate production. Our study evaluates fMRS with J-editing as a cutting-edge technique to detect lactate in Alzheimer disease. In this modality, functional activation is highlighted by signal subtractions of lipids and macromolecules, which yields a much higher signal-to-noise ratio and enables better detection of trace levels of lactate compared with other modalities. However, until now, clinical evidence is not conclusive regarding the widespread use of this diagnostic method. The complex machinery of cellular and noncellular modulators in lactate metabolism has obscured the potential roles fMRS imaging can have in dementia diagnosis. Recent developments in MRI imaging such as the advent of 7 Tesla machines and new image reconstruction methods, coupled with a renewed interest in the molecular and cellular basis of Alzheimer disease, have reinvigorated the drive to establish new clinical options for the early detection of Alzheimer disease. Based on the latter, lactate has the potential to be investigated as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker for Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Shirbandi
- Neuroimaging and Analysis Group, Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rikhtegar
- Department of Intracranial Endovascular Therapy, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mohammad Khalafi
- Medical Imaging Sciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Pouya Javanmardi
- Radiologic Technology Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Sajjad Iraji
- Research Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Babaei Aghdam
- Medical Imaging Sciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Surma M, Anbarasu K, Dutta S, Olivera Perez LJ, Huang KC, Meyer JS, Das A. Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis promotes neuroprotection in human pluripotent stem cell derived retinal ganglion cells. Commun Biol 2023; 6:218. [PMID: 36828933 PMCID: PMC9957998 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04576-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are widely afflicted in central nervous system (CNS) disorders with minimal understanding on how to improve mitochondrial homeostasis to promote neuroprotection. Here we have used human stem cell differentiated retinal ganglion cells (hRGCs) of the CNS, which are highly sensitive towards mitochondrial dysfunctions due to their unique structure and function, to identify mechanisms for improving mitochondrial quality control (MQC). We show that hRGCs are efficient in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through rapid degradation and biogenesis of mitochondria under acute damage. Using a glaucomatous Optineurin mutant (E50K) stem cell line, we show that at basal level mutant hRGCs possess less mitochondrial mass and suffer mitochondrial swelling due to excess ATP production load. Activation of mitochondrial biogenesis through pharmacological inhibition of the Tank binding kinase 1 (TBK1) restores energy homeostasis, mitigates mitochondrial swelling with neuroprotection against acute mitochondrial damage for glaucomatous E50K hRGCs, revealing a novel neuroprotection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Surma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kavitha Anbarasu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sayanta Dutta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - Kang-Chieh Huang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jason S Meyer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Arupratan Das
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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17
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Petrella G, Corsi F, Ciufolini G, Germini S, Capradossi F, Pelliccia A, Torino F, Ghibelli L, Cicero DO. Metabolic Reprogramming of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells as a Response to Chemotherapy. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010065. [PMID: 36676990 PMCID: PMC9865398 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer at the castration-resistant stage (CRPC) is a leading cause of death among men due to resistance to anticancer treatments, including chemotherapy. We set up an in vitro model of therapy-induced cancer repopulation and acquired cell resistance (CRAC) on etoposide-treated CRPC PC3 cells, witnessing therapy-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) and chemoresistance among repopulating cells. Here, we explore the metabolic changes leading to chemo-induced CRAC, measuring the exchange rates cell/culture medium of 36 metabolites via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy. We studied the evolution of PC3 metabolism throughout recovery from etoposide, encompassing the degenerative, quiescent, and repopulating phases. We found that glycolysis is immediately shut off by etoposide, gradually recovering together with induction of EMT and repopulation. Instead, OXPHOS, already high in untreated PC3, is boosted by etoposide to decline afterward, though stably maintaining values higher than control. Notably, high levels of EMT, crucial in the acquisition of chemoresistance, coincide with a strong acceleration of metabolism, especially in the exchange of principal nutrients and their end products. These results provide novel information on the energy metabolism of cancer cells repopulating from cytotoxic drug treatment, paving the way for uncovering metabolic vulnerabilities to be possibly pharmacologically targeted and providing novel clinical options for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Petrella
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-7259-4835
| | - Francesca Corsi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Ciufolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sveva Germini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Pelliccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Torino
- Dipartimento di Medicina dei Sistemi, Oncologia Medica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lina Ghibelli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniel Oscar Cicero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata”, 00133 Rome, Italy
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18
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Silva VLM, Silva-Reis R, Moreira-Pais A, Ferreira T, Oliveira PA, Ferreira R, Cardoso SM, Sharifi-Rad J, Butnariu M, Costea MA, Grozea I. Dicoumarol: from chemistry to antitumor benefits. Chin Med 2022; 17:145. [PMID: 36575479 PMCID: PMC9793554 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicoumarol, a coumarin-like compound, is known for its anticoagulant properties associated with the ability to inhibit vitamin K, being prescribed as a drug for several decades. The pharmaceutical value of dicoumarol turned it into a focus of chemists' attention, aiming its synthesis and of dicoumarol derivatives, bringing to light new methodologies. In recent years, several other bioactive effects have been claimed for dicoumarol and its derivatives, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, and anticancer, although the mechanisms of action underlying them are mostly not disclosed and additional research is needed to unravel them. This review presents a state of the art on the chemistry of dicoumarols, and their potential anticancer characteristics, highlighting the mechanisms of action elucidated so far. In parallel, we draw attention to the lack of in vivo studies and clinical trials to assess the safety and efficacy as drugs for later application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera L. M. Silva
- grid.7311.40000000123236065LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rita Silva-Reis
- grid.7311.40000000123236065LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Moreira-Pais
- grid.7311.40000000123236065LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal ,grid.12341.350000000121821287Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal ,grid.5808.50000 0001 1503 7226Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto (FADEUP), 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- grid.12341.350000000121821287Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal ,grid.12341.350000000121821287Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula A. Oliveira
- grid.12341.350000000121821287Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal ,grid.12341.350000000121821287Inov4Agro—Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal ,grid.12341.350000000121821287Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- grid.7311.40000000123236065LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Susana M. Cardoso
- grid.7311.40000000123236065LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- grid.442126.70000 0001 1945 2902Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Monica Butnariu
- Life Sciences University “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania
| | - Maria Alina Costea
- Life Sciences University “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania
| | - Ioana Grozea
- Life Sciences University “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, 300645 Calea Aradului 119, Timis, Romania
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19
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Inhibition of PFKFB Preserves Intestinal Barrier Function in Sepsis by Inhibiting NLRP3/GSDMD. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8704016. [PMID: 36589684 PMCID: PMC9803577 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8704016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction is associated with the occurrence and development of sepsis. Further, aerobic glycolysis plays an essential role in inflammation and cell death. This study is aimed at investigating the protective effect and mechanism of PFKFB3 inhibition on intestinal barrier dysfunction in sepsis mice. Sepsis mouse models were established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in wild-type mice and Gsdmd-/- mice. The results showed that the expression of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3) in the small intestines was significantly upregulated in sepsis. 3-(3-Pyridinyl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (3PO), the specific inhibitor of PFKFB3, and Gsdmd gene knockout significantly inhibited the inflammatory response and cell death caused by sepsis, thus alleviating intestinal damage and barrier dysfunction. 3PO was also shown to significantly inhibit oxidative stress and NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-dependent cell pyroptosis in the small intestines. The in vitro studies revealed that 3PO reduced NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD-dependent cell pyroptosis by inhibiting ROS. Taken together, our results suggest that PFKFB3 is involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and pyroptosis during sepsis and enhances intestinal damage, which may provide important clues about the potential targets to be exploited in this highly lethal disease.
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20
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Ossoliński K, Ruman T, Copié V, Tripet BP, Nogueira LB, Nogueira KO, Kołodziej A, Płaza-Altamer A, Ossolińska A, Ossoliński T, Nizioł J. Metabolomic and elemental profiling of blood serum in bladder cancer. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:889-900. [PMID: 36605581 PMCID: PMC9805945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed types of urinary cancer. Despite advances in treatment methods, no specific biomarkers are currently in use. Targeted and untargeted profiling of metabolites and elements of human blood serum from 100 BC patients and the same number of normal controls (NCs), with external validation, was attempted using three analytical methods, i.e., nuclear magnetic resonance, gold and silver-109 nanoparticle-based laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). All results were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis. Four potential serum biomarkers of BC, namely, isobutyrate, pyroglutamate, choline, and acetate, were quantified with proton nuclear magnetic resonance, which had excellent predictive ability as judged by the area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.999. Two elements, Li and Fe, were also found to distinguish between cancer and control samples, as judged from ICP-OES data and AUC of 0.807 (in validation set). Twenty-five putatively identified compounds, mostly related to glycans and lipids, differentiated BC from NCs, as detected using LDI-MS. Five serum metabolites were found to discriminate between tumor grades and nine metabolites between tumor stages. The results from three different analytical platforms demonstrate that the identified distinct serum metabolites and metal elements have potential to be used for noninvasive detection, staging, and grading of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomasz Ruman
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Valérie Copié
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Brian P. Tripet
- The Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA
| | - Leonardo B. Nogueira
- Department of Geology, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Katiane O.P.C. Nogueira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, 35400-000, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Artur Kołodziej
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Aneta Płaza-Altamer
- Doctoral School of Engineering and Technical Sciences at the Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Anna Ossolińska
- Department of Urology, John Paul II Hospital, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Ossoliński
- Department of Urology, John Paul II Hospital, 36-100, Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Joanna Nizioł
- Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
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21
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Kim D, Khin PP, Lim OK, Jun HS. LPA/LPAR1 signaling induces PGAM1 expression via AKT/mTOR/HIF-1α pathway and increases aerobic glycolysis, contributing to keratinocyte proliferation. Life Sci 2022; 311:121201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Mohammadi P, Yarani R, Rahimpour A, Ranjbarnejad F, Mendes Lopes de Melo J, Mansouri K. Targeting endothelial cell metabolism in cancerous microenvironment: a new approach for anti-angiogenic therapy. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:386-400. [PMID: 36031813 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2116033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Anti-angiogenic therapy is a practical approach to managing diseases with increased angiogenesis, such as cancer, maculopathies, and retinopathies. Considering the fundamental gaps in the knowledge of the vital pathways involved in angiogenesis and its inhibition and the insufficient efficiency of existing angiogenesis inhibitors, there is an increasing focus on the emergence of new therapeutic strategies aimed at inhibiting pathological angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is forming a new vascular network from existing vessels; endothelial cells (ECs), vascular lining cells, are the main actors of angiogenesis in physiological or pathological conditions. Switching from a quiescent state to a highly migratory and proliferative state during new vessel formation called "angiogenic switch" is driven by a "metabolic switch" in ECs, angiogenic growth factors, and other signals. As the characteristics of ECs change by altering the surrounding environment, they appear to have a different metabolism in a tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, pathological angiogenesis can be inhibited by targeting metabolic pathways. In the current review, we aim to discuss the EC metabolic pathways under normal and TME conditions to verify the suitability of targeting them with novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Reza Yarani
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical, Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Azam Rahimpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical, Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ranjbarnejad
- Medical Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Joana Mendes Lopes de Melo
- Translational Type 1 Diabetes Research, Department of Clinical, Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Jacquet P, Stéphanou A. Searching for the Metabolic Signature of Cancer: A Review from Warburg's Time to Now. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101412. [PMID: 36291621 PMCID: PMC9599674 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the evolving understanding that we have of tumor cell metabolism, particularly glycolytic and oxidative metabolism, and traces back its evolution through time. This understanding has developed since the pioneering work of Otto Warburg, but the understanding of tumor cell metabolism continues to be hampered by misinterpretation of his work. This has contributed to the use of the new concepts of metabolic switch and metabolic reprogramming, that are out of step with reality. The Warburg effect is often considered to be a hallmark of cancer, but is it really? More generally, is there a metabolic signature of cancer? We draw the conclusion that the signature of cancer cannot be reduced to a single factor, but is expressed at the tissue level in terms of the capacity of cells to dynamically explore a vast metabolic landscape in the context of significant environmental heterogeneities.
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Abd El-Azeem MA, Ali MA, El-Shorbagy SH. Expression of GLUT4 and FAP in urothelial bladder carcinoma: correlation with angiogenesis and clinicopathological characteristics. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2022; 34:40. [DOI: 10.1186/s43046-022-00145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is one of glucose transporter proteins’ family which facilitates glucose transport inside the cells. It was found to be overexpressed in several malignant tumors. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are heterogeneous stromal cells located adjacent to cancer cells and are considered one of the most important tumor stromal cells. They have been associated with enhancing tumor growth and invasion. GLUT4 expression in malignant epithelial cells and fibroblast activation protein (FAP) expression in CAFs of UC in relation to angiogenesis and clinicopathological characteristics are studied in this work.
Materials and methods
The study was carried out on 72 paraffin blocks of UC (27 radical cystectomies and 45 transurethral resections). Immunohistochemical staining was performed with GLUT4, FAP, and CD34 antibodies. Expression of GLUT4 and FAP was classified according to the staining intensities and percentages into low and high groups. CD34-stained microvessels’ mean count in five microscopic fields (×200) was taken as the microvessel density (MVD).
Results
GLUT4 overexpression was detected in 32 UC. It was significantly associated with high-grade tumors, advanced primary tumor (pT) stage, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and regional lymph node invasion. High FAP expression was appreciated in 27 UC and was significantly linked to LVI and advanced TNM staging. Intratumor MVD significantly increased in UC with muscle invasion, LVI, and regional lymph node and/or distant metastasis. A significant positive correlation between GLUT4, FAP expression, and MVD was found.
Conclusion
GLUT4 and FAP expression was significantly associated with increased intratumor MVD and adverse clinicopathological factors.
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25
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Afsar SY, Alam S, Fernandez Gonzalez C, van Echten‐Deckert G. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate‐lyase deficiency affects glucose metabolism in a way that abets oncogenesis. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3642-3653. [PMID: 35973936 PMCID: PMC9580888 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (S1P), a bioactive signaling lipid, is involved in several vital processes, including cellular proliferation, survival and migration, as well as neovascularization and inflammation. Its critical role in the development and progression of cancer is well documented. The metabolism of S1P, which exerts its effect mainly via five G protein‐coupled receptors (S1PR1–5), is tightly regulated. S1P‐lyase (SGPL1) irreversibly cleaves S1P in the final step of sphingolipid catabolism and exhibits remarkably decreased enzymatic activity in tumor samples. In this study, we used SGPL1‐deficient (Sgpl1−/−) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and investigated the impact of S1P on glucose metabolism. Accumulated S1P activates, via its receptors (S1PR1–3), hypoxia‐inducible factor 1 and stimulates the expression of proteins involved in glucose uptake and breakdown, indicating that Sgpl1−/− cells, like cancer cells, prefer to convert glucose to lactate even in the presence of oxygen. Accordingly, their rate of proliferation is significantly increased. Activation of the Akt/mTOR pathway and hence down‐regulation of autophagy indicate that these changes do not negatively affect the cellular energy status. In summary, we report on a newly identified role of the S1P/S1PR1–3 axis in glucose metabolism in SGPL1‐deficient MEFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaiya Y. Afsar
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry University Bonn Germany
| | - Shah Alam
- LIMES Institute for Membrane Biology and Lipid Biochemistry University Bonn Germany
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26
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Bukhari S, Siddique MH, Naeem A, Khan I, Ali Z, Essa A, Fazal F, Anis RA, Moran L, Sultan A, Murtaza I, Vanhara P, Anees M. Combined efficacy of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and doxorubicin against leukemia through regulation of TRAIL and NF-kappa B pathways in rat model. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6495-6507. [PMID: 35579734 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent discoveries in cancer therapeutics have proven combination therapies more effective than individual drugs. This study describes the efficacy of the combination of Cinnamomum zeylanicum and doxorubicin against benzene-induced leukemia. METHODS AND RESULTS Brine shrimp assay was used to assess the cytotoxicity of C. zeylanicum, doxorubicin and their combination. After AML induction in Sprague Dawley rats, the same drugs were given to rat groups. Changes in organ weight, haematological profile, and hepatic enzymes were determined. Real-time PCR was used to elucidate the effect on the expression of STMN1, GAPDH, P53 and various TRAIL and NF-kappaB components. C. zeylanicum reduced the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin. The combination treatment showed better anti-leukemic results than any of the individual drugs as evident from STMN1 expression (p < 0.001). It was particularly effective in reducing total white blood cell counts and recovering lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils along with hepatic enzymes ALT and AST (p < 0.001). All doses recovered relative organ weights and improved blood parameters. The combination therapy was particularly effective in inducing apoptosis, inhibition of proliferation marker GAPDH (p < 0.001) and NF-kappaB pathway components Rel-A (p < 0.001) and Rel-B (p < 0.01). Expressions of TRAIL components c-FLIP (p < 0.001), TRAIL ligand (p < 0.001) and caspase 8 (p < 0.01) were also altered. CONCLUSION Cinnamomum zeylanicum in combination with doxorubicin helps to counter benzene-induced cellular and hepatic toxicity and improves haematological profile. The anti-leukemic effects are potentially due to inhibition of GAPDH and NF-kappa B pathway, and through regulation of TRAIL pathway. Our data suggests the use of C. zeylanicum with doxorubicin to improve anti-leukemic therapeutic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Bukhari
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Anum Naeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - InamUllah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Zain Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asiya Essa
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Falak Fazal
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Aysha Anis
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Ibadat International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lukas Moran
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneesa Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Iram Murtaza
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Petr Vanhara
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Mariam Anees
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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Brain Endothelial Cells Utilize Glycolysis for the Maintenance of the Transcellular Permeability. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:4315-4333. [PMID: 35508867 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Among the components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), endothelial cells (ECs) play an important role in supplying limited materials, especially glucose, to the brain. However, the mechanism by which glucose is metabolized in brain ECs is still elusive. To address this topic, we assessed the metabolic signature of glucose utilization using live-cell metabolic assays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry metabolomic analysis. We found that brain ECs are highly dependent on aerobic glycolysis, generating lactate as its final product with minimal consumption of glucose. Glucose treatment decreased the oxygen consumption rate in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the Crabtree effect. Moreover, when glycolysis was inhibited, brain ECs showed impaired permeability to molecules utilizing transcellular pathway. In addition, we found that the blockade of glycolysis in mouse brain with 2-deoxyglucose administration resulted in decreased transcellular permeability of the BBB. In conclusion, utilizing glycolysis in brain ECs has critical roles in the maintenance and permeability of the BBB. Overall, we could conclude that brain ECs are highly glycolytic, and their energy can be used to maintain the transcellular permeability of the BBB.
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28
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Forcados C, Joaquina S, Casey NP, Caulier B, Wälchli S. How CAR T Cells Breathe. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091454. [PMID: 35563759 PMCID: PMC9102061 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The manufacture of efficacious CAR T cells represents a major challenge in cellular therapy. An important aspect of their quality concerns energy production and consumption, known as metabolism. T cells tend to adopt diverse metabolic profiles depending on their differentiation state and their stimulation level. It is therefore expected that the introduction of a synthetic molecule such as CAR, activating endogenous signaling pathways, will affect metabolism. In addition, upon patient treatment, the tumor microenvironment might influence the CAR T cell metabolism by compromising the energy resources. The access to novel technology with higher throughput and reduced cost has led to an increased interest in studying metabolism. Indeed, methods to quantify glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration have been available for decades but were rarely applied in the context of CAR T cell therapy before the release of the Seahorse XF apparatus. The present review will focus on the use of this instrument in the context of studies describing the impact of CAR on T cell metabolism and the strategies to render of CAR T cells more metabolically fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Forcados
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (C.F.); (S.J.); (N.P.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Sandy Joaquina
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (C.F.); (S.J.); (N.P.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Nicholas Paul Casey
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (C.F.); (S.J.); (N.P.C.); (B.C.)
| | - Benjamin Caulier
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (C.F.); (S.J.); (N.P.C.); (B.C.)
- Center for Cancer Cell Reprogramming (CanCell), Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sébastien Wälchli
- Translational Research Unit, Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (C.F.); (S.J.); (N.P.C.); (B.C.)
- Correspondence:
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29
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Yang K, Holt M, Fan M, Lam V, Yang Y, Ha T, Williams DL, Li C, Wang X. Cardiovascular Dysfunction in COVID-19: Association Between Endothelial Cell Injury and Lactate. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868679. [PMID: 35401579 PMCID: PMC8984030 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease propagated by a new virus known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in global healthcare crises. Emerging evidence from patients with COVID-19 suggests that endothelial cell damage plays a central role in COVID-19 pathogenesis and could be a major contributor to the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Like other infectious diseases, the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is closely associated with metabolic processes. Lactate, a potential biomarker in COVID-19, has recently been shown to mediate endothelial barrier dysfunction. In this review, we provide an overview of cardiovascular injuries and metabolic alterations caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also propose that lactate plays a potential role in COVID-19-driven endothelial cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Matthew Holt
- James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Victor Lam
- College of Arts and Science, New York University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Yong Yang
- James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Tuanzhu Ha
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - David L. Williams
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Chuanfu Li
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States
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30
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da Silva GB, Yamauchi MA, Zanini D, Bagatini MD. Novel possibility for cutaneous melanoma treatment by means of rosmarinic acid action on purinergic signaling. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:61-81. [PMID: 34741236 PMCID: PMC8570242 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cases have increased significantly in Brazil and worldwide, with cutaneous melanoma (CM) being responsible for nearly 57,000 deaths in the world. Thus, this review article aims at exploring and proposed hypotheses with respect to the possibility that RA can be a promising and alternative compound to be used as an adjuvant in melanoma treatment, acting on purinergic signaling. The scarcity of articles evidencing the action of this compound in this signaling pathway requires further studies. Considering diverse evidence found in the literature, we hypothesize that RA can be an effective candidate for the treatment of CM acting as a modulating molecule of purinergic cellular pathway through P2X7 blocking, mitigating the Warburg effect, and as antagonic molecule of the P2Y12 receptor, reducing the formation of adhesive molecules that prevent adherence in tumor cells. In this way, our proposals for CM treatment based on targeting purinergic signaling permeate the integral practice, going from intracell to extracell. Undoubtedly, much is still to be discovered and elucidated about this promising compound, this paper being an interesting work baseline to support more research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilnei Bruno da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Milena Ayumi Yamauchi
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Daniela Zanini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil.
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31
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Megerian MF, Kim JS, Badreddine J, Hong SH, Ponsky LE, Shin JI, Ghayda RA. Melatonin and Prostate Cancer: Anti-tumor Roles and Therapeutic Application. Aging Dis 2022; 14:840-857. [PMID: 37191417 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an endogenous indoleamine that has been shown to inhibit tumor growth in laboratory models of prostate cancer. Prostate cancer risk has additionally been associated with exogenous factors that interfere with normal pineal secretory activity, including aging, poor sleep, and artificial light at night. Therefore, we aim to expand on the important epidemiological evidence, and to review how melatonin can impede prostate cancer. More specifically, we describe the currently known mechanisms of melatonin-mediated oncostasis in prostate cancer, including those that relate to the indolamine's ability to modulate metabolic activity, cell cycle progression and proliferation, androgen signaling, angiogenesis, metastasis, immunity and oxidative cell status, apoptosis, genomic stability, neuroendocrine differentiation, and the circadian rhythm. The outlined evidence underscores the need for clinical trials to determine the efficacy of supplemental, adjunct, and adjuvant melatonin therapy for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.
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32
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Lin YJ, Goretzki A, Schülke S. Immune Metabolism of IL-4-Activated B Cells and Th2 Cells in the Context of Allergic Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790658. [PMID: 34925372 PMCID: PMC8671807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the frequency of allergic disorders has steadily increased. Immunologically, allergies are caused by abnormal immune responses directed against otherwise harmless antigens derived from our environment. Two of the main cell types driving allergic sensitization and inflammation are IgE-producing plasma cells and Th2 cells. The acute activation of T and B cells, their differentiation into effector cells, as well as the formation of immunological memory are paralleled by distinct changes in cellular metabolism. Understanding the functional consequences of these metabolic changes is the focus of a new research field termed "immune metabolism". Currently, the contribution of metabolic changes in T and B cells to either the development or maintenance of allergies is not completely understood. Therefore, this mini review will introduce the fundamentals of energy metabolism, its connection to immune metabolism, and subsequently focus on the metabolic phenotypes of IL-4-activated B cells and Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ju Lin
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schülke
- Molecular Allergology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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33
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Liu YC, Lin P, Zhao YJ, Wu LY, Wu YQ, Peng JB, He Y, Yang H. Pan-cancer analysis of clinical significance and associated molecular features of glycolysis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4233-4246. [PMID: 34304708 PMCID: PMC8806880 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1955510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor glycolysis is a major promoter of carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Given its complex mechanisms and interactions, comprehensive analysis is needed to reveal its clinical significance and molecular features. On the basis of a well-established glycolysis gene expression signature, we quantified 8633 patients with different cancer types from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and evaluated their prognostic associations. High tumor glycolytic activity correlated with inferior overall survival in the pan-cancer patients (hazard ratio: 1.70, 95% confidence interval: 1.20-2.40, P = 0.003). The prognostic value of glycolysis correlated with the molecular subtypes and was stable regardless of clinical parameters. The prognostic significance of glycolysis was validated using three independent datasets. In addition, genome, transcriptome, and proteome profiles were utilized to characterize the distinctive molecular features associated with glycolysis. Mechanistically, glycolysis fulfilled the fundamental needs of tumor proliferation in multiple ways. Exploration of the relationships between glycolysis and tumor-infiltrating immune cells showed that glycolysis enabled the immune evasion of tumor cells. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and dopamine receptor antagonists can effectively reverse the glycolytic status of cancers. Overall, our study provides an in-depth molecular understanding of tumor glycolysis and may have practical implications for clinical cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-chen Liu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu-jia Zhao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin-Yong Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yu-quan Wu
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jin-bo Peng
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yun He
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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The impact of HPV infection on human glycogen and lipid metabolism - a review. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1877:188646. [PMID: 34763025 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reinterpretation of the Wartburg effect leads to understanding aerobic glycolysis as a process that provides considerable amount of molecular precursors for the production of lipids, nucleotides and amino acids that are necessary for continuous growth and rapid proliferation characteristic for cancer cells. Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a number one cause of cervical carcinoma with 99% of the cervical cancer patients being HPV positive. This tight link between HPV and cancer raises the question if and how HPV impact cells to reprogram their metabolism? Focusing on early phase proteins E1, E2, E5, E6 and E7 we demonstrate that HPV activates plethora of metabolic pathways and directly influences enzymes of the glycolysis pathway to promote the Warburg effect by increasing glucose uptake, activating glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway, increasing the level of lactate dehydrogenase A synthesis and inhibiting β-oxidation. Our considerations lead to conclusion that HPV is substantially involved in metabolic cell reprogramming toward neoplastic phenotype and its metabolic activity is the fundamental reason of its oncogenicity.
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35
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Goretzki A, Lin Y, Schülke S. Immune metabolism in allergies, does it matter?-A review of immune metabolic basics and adaptations associated with the activation of innate immune cells in allergy. Allergy 2021; 76:3314-3331. [PMID: 33811351 DOI: 10.1111/all.14843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type I allergies are pathological, type 2 inflammatory immune responses against otherwise harmless environmental allergens that arise from complex interactions between different types of immune cells. Activated immune cells undergo extensive changes in phenotype and function to fulfill their effector functions. Hereby, activation, differentiation, proliferation, migration, and mounting of effector responses require metabolic reprogramming. While the metabolic changes associated with activation of dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells are extensively studied, data about the metabolic phenotypes of the other cell types critically involved in allergic responses (epithelial cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and ILC2s) are rather limited. This review briefly covers the basics of cellular energy metabolism and its connection to immune cell function. In addition, it summarizes the current state of knowledge in terms of dendritic cell and macrophage metabolism and subsequently focuses on the metabolic changes associated with activation of epithelial cells, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, as well as ILC2s in allergy. Interestingly, the innate key cell types in allergic inflammation were reported to change their metabolic phenotype during activation, shifting to either glycolysis (epithelial cells, M1 macrophages, DCs, eosinophils, basophils, acutely activated mast cells), oxidative phosphorylation (M2 macrophages, longer term activated mast cells), or fatty acid oxidation (ILC2s). Therefore, immune metabolism is of relevance in allergic diseases and its connection to immune cell effector function needs to be considered to better understand induction and maintenance of allergic responses. Further progress in this field will likely improve both our understanding of disease pathology and enable new treatment targets/strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yen‐Ju Lin
- Molecular Allergology Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Langen Germany
| | - Stefan Schülke
- Molecular Allergology Paul‐Ehrlich‐Institut Langen Germany
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Warburg Effect, Glutamine, Succinate, Alanine, When Oxygen Matters. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101000. [PMID: 34681099 PMCID: PMC8533123 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular bioenergetics requires an intense ATP turnover that is increased further by hypermetabolic states caused by cancer growth or inflammation. Both are associated with metabolic alterations and, notably, enhancement of the Warburg effect (also known as aerobic glycolysis) of poor efficiency with regard to glucose consumption when compared to mitochondrial respiration. Therefore, beside this efficiency issue, other properties of these two pathways should be considered to explain this paradox: (1) biosynthesis, for this only indirect effect should be considered, since lactate release competes with biosynthetic pathways in the use of glucose; (2) ATP production, although inefficient, glycolysis shows other advantages when compared to mitochondrial respiration and lactate release may therefore reflect that the glycolytic flux is higher than required to feed mitochondria with pyruvate and glycolytic NADH; (3) Oxygen supply becomes critical under hypermetabolic conditions, and the ATP/O2 ratio quantifies the efficiency of oxygen use to regenerate ATP, although aerobic metabolism remains intense the participation of anaerobic metabolisms (lactic fermentation or succinate generation) could greatly increase ATP/O2 ratio; (4) time and space constraints would explain that anaerobic metabolism is required while the general metabolism appears oxidative; and (5) active repression of respiration by glycolytic intermediates, which could ensure optimization of glucose and oxygen use.
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Zoccarato A, Nabeebaccus AA, Oexner RR, Santos CXC, Shah AM. The nexus between redox state and intermediary metabolism. FEBS J 2021; 289:5440-5462. [PMID: 34496138 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are not just a by-product of cellular metabolic processes but act as signalling molecules that regulate both physiological and pathophysiological processes. A close connection exists in cells between redox homeostasis and cellular metabolism. In this review, we describe how intracellular redox state and glycolytic intermediary metabolism are closely coupled. On the one hand, ROS signalling can control glycolytic intermediary metabolism by direct regulation of the activity of key metabolic enzymes and indirect regulation via redox-sensitive transcription factors. On the other hand, metabolic adaptation and reprogramming in response to physiological or pathological stimuli regulate intracellular redox balance, through mechanisms such as the generation of reducing equivalents. We also discuss the impact of these intermediary metabolism-redox circuits in physiological and disease settings across different tissues. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating these intermediary metabolism-redox circuits will be crucial to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Zoccarato
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Adam A Nabeebaccus
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Rafael R Oexner
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Celio X C Santos
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
| | - Ajay M Shah
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, London, UK
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Gonçalves de Faria CM, Ciol H, Salvador Bagnato V, Pratavieira S. Effects of photobiomodulation on the redox state of healthy and cancer cells. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:3902-3916. [PMID: 34457388 PMCID: PMC8367241 DOI: 10.1364/boe.421302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) uses light to stimulate cells. The molecular basis of the effects of PBMT is being unveiled, but it is stated that the cytochrome-c oxidase enzyme in mitochondria, a photon acceptor of PBMT, contributes to an increase in ATP production and modulates the reduction and oxidation of electron carriers NADH and FAD. Since its effects are not fully understood, PBMT is not used on tumors. Thus, it is interesting to investigate if its effects correlate to mitochondrial metabolism and if so, how it could be linked to the optical redox ratio (ORR), defined as the ratio of FAD/(NADH + FAD) fluorescences. To that end, fibroblasts (HDFn cell line) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-25 cell line) were irradiated with a light source of 780 nm and a total dose of 5 J/cm2, and imaged by optical microscopy. PBMT down-regulated the SCC-25 ORR by 10%. Furthermore, PBMT led to an increase in ROS and ATP production in carcinoma cells after 4 h, while fibroblasts only had a modest ATP increase 6 h after irradiation. Cell lines did not show distinct cell cycle profiles, as both had an increase in G2/M cells. This study indicates that PBMT decreases the redox state of oral cancer by possibly increasing glycolysis and affects normal and tumor cells through distinct pathways. To our knowledge, this is the first study that investigated the effects of PBMT on mitochondrial metabolism from the initiation of the cascade to DNA replication. This is an essential step in the investigation of the mechanism of action of PBMT in an effort to avoid misinterpretations of a variety of combined protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heloisa Ciol
- São Carlos Institute of Physics - University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- São Carlos Institute of Physics - University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- Faculty Fellow at the Hagler Institute for Advanced Study and Visiting Professor at the Department of Biomedical Engineering - Texas A&M University, College Station Texas - USA 77843, USA
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miR-542-3p Contributes to the HK2-Mediated High Glycolytic Phenotype in Human Glioma Cells. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050633. [PMID: 33922649 PMCID: PMC8146800 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The elevation of glucose metabolism is linked to high-grade gliomas such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). The high glycolytic phenotype is associated with cellular proliferation and resistance to treatment with chemotherapeutic agents in GBM. MicroRNA-542-3p (miR-542-3p) has been implicated in several tumors including gliomas. However, the role of miR-542-3p in glucose metabolism in human gliomas remains unclear; (2) Methods: We measured the levels of cellular proliferation in human glioma cells. We measured the glycolytic activity in miR-542-3p knockdown and over-expressed human glioma cells. We measured the levels of miR-542-3p and HK2 in glioma tissues from patients with low- and high-grade gliomas using imaging analysis; (3) Results: We show that knockdown of miR-542-3p significantly suppressed cellular proliferation in human glioma cells. Knockdown of miR-542-3p suppressed HK2-induced glycolytic activity in human glioma cells. Consistently, over-expression of miR-542-3p increased HK2-induced glycolytic activity in human glioma cells. The levels of miR-542-3p and HK2 were significantly elevated in glioma tissues of patients with high-grade gliomas relative to that in low-grade gliomas. The elevation of HK2 levels in patients with high-grade gliomas were positively correlated with the high levels of miR-542-3p in GBM and low-grade gliomas (LGG) based on the datasets from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Moreover, the high levels of miR-542-3p were associated with poor survival rate in the TCGA database; (4) Conclusions: miR-542-3p contributes to the HK2-mediated high glycolytic phenotype in human glioma cells.
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Bajgar A, Krejčová G, Doležal T. Polarization of Macrophages in Insects: Opening Gates for Immuno-Metabolic Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:629238. [PMID: 33659253 PMCID: PMC7917182 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.629238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and cachexia represent severe metabolic syndromes accompanying a variety of human pathological states, from life-threatening cancer and sepsis to chronic inflammatory states, such as obesity and autoimmune disorders. Although the origin of these metabolic syndromes has not been fully comprehended yet, a growing body of evidence indicates their possible interconnection with the acute and chronic activation of an innate immune response. Current progress in insect immuno-metabolic research reveals that the induction of insulin resistance might represent an adaptive mechanism during the acute phase of bacterial infection. In Drosophila, insulin resistance is induced by signaling factors released by bactericidal macrophages as a reflection of their metabolic polarization toward aerobic glycolysis. Such metabolic adaptation enables them to combat the invading pathogens efficiently but also makes them highly nutritionally demanding. Therefore, systemic metabolism has to be adjusted upon macrophage activation to provide them with nutrients and thus support the immune function. That anticipates the involvement of macrophage-derived systemic factors mediating the inter-organ signaling between macrophages and central energy-storing organs. Although it is crucial to coordinate the macrophage cellular metabolism with systemic metabolic changes during the acute phase of bacterial infection, the action of macrophage-derived factors may become maladaptive if chronic or in case of infection by an intracellular pathogen. We hypothesize that insulin resistance evoked by macrophage-derived signaling factors represents an adaptive mechanism for the mobilization of sources and their preferential delivery toward the activated immune system. We consider here the validity of the presented model for mammals and human medicine. The adoption of aerobic glycolysis by bactericidal macrophages as well as the induction of insulin resistance by macrophage-derived factors are conserved between insects and mammals. Chronic insulin resistance is at the base of many human metabolically conditioned diseases such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and cachexia. Therefore, revealing the original biological relevance of cytokine-induced insulin resistance may help to develop a suitable strategy for treating these frequent diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bajgar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Gabriela Krejčová
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Doležal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia
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Metabolic Reprogramming, Questioning, and Implications for Cancer. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020129. [PMID: 33562201 PMCID: PMC7916061 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The expression "metabolic reprogramming" has been encountered more and more in the literature since the mid-1990s. It seems to encompass several notions depending on the author, but the lack of a clear definition allows it to be used as a "catch-all" expression. Our first intention is to point out the inconsistencies in the use of the reprogramming terminology for cancer metabolism. The second is to address the over-focus of the role of mutations in metabolic adaptation. With the increased interest in metabolism and, more specifically, in the Warburg effect in cancer research, it seems appropriate to discuss this terminology and related concepts in detail.
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Du Y, Fan P, Zou L, Jiang Y, Gu X, Yu J, Zhang C. Serum Metabolomics Study of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Based on HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:593510. [PMID: 33598460 PMCID: PMC7882692 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.593510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined metabolite profile differences between serum samples of thyroid papillary carcinoma (PTC) patients and healthy controls, aiming to identify candidate biomarkers and pathogenesis pathways in this cancer type. Serum samples were collected from PTC patients (n = 80) and healthy controls (n = 80). Using principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discrimination analysis(PLS-DA), orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), t-tests, and the volcano plot, a model of abnormal metabolic pathways in PTC was constructed. PCA, PLS-DA, and OPLS-DA analysis revealed differences in serum metabolic profiles between the PTC and control group. OPLS-Loading plot analysis, combined with Variable importance in the projection (VIP)>1, Fold change (FC) > 1.5, and p < 0.05 were used to screen 64 candidate metabolites. Among them, 22 metabolites, including proline betaine, taurocholic acid, L-phenylalanine, retinyl beta-glucuronide, alpha-tocotrienol, and threonine acid were upregulated in the PTC group; meanwhile, L-tyrosine, L-tryptophan, 2-arachidonylglycerol, citric acid, and other 42 metabolites were downregulated in this group. There were eight abnormal metabolic pathways related to the differential metabolites, which may be involved in the pathophysiology of PTC. Six metabolites yielded an area under the receiver operating curve of >0.75, specifically, 3-hydroxy-cis-5-tetradecenoylcarnitine, aspartylphenylalanine, l-kynurenine, methylmalonic acid, phenylalanylphenylalanine, and l-glutamic acid. The Warburg effect was observed in PTC. The levels of 3-hydroxy-cis-5-tetradecenoylcarnitine, aspartylphenylalanine, l-kynurenine, methylmalonic acid, phenylalanine, and L-glutamic acid may help distinguish PTC patients from healthy controls. Aspartic acid metabolism, glutamic acid metabolism, urea cycle, and tricarboxylic acid cycle are involved in the mechanism of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Du
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Peizhi Fan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lianhong Zou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowen Gu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Chaojie Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Đurašević S, Stojković M, Sopta J, Pavlović S, Borković-Mitić S, Ivanović A, Jasnić N, Tosti T, Đurović S, Đorđević J, Todorović Z. The effects of meldonium on the acute ischemia/reperfusion liver injury in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1305. [PMID: 33446709 PMCID: PMC7809046 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80011-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) liver injury is a clinical condition challenging to treat. Meldonium is an anti-ischemic agent that shifts energy production from fatty acid oxidation to less oxygen-consuming glycolysis. Thus, we investigated the effects of a 4-week meldonium pre-treatment (300 mg/kg b.m./day) on the acute I/R liver injury in Wistar strain male rats. Our results showed that meldonium ameliorates I/R-induced liver inflammation and injury, as confirmed by liver histology, and by attenuation of serum alanine- and aspartate aminotransferase activity, serum and liver high mobility group box 1 protein expression, and liver expression of Bax/Bcl2, haptoglobin, and the phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells. Through the increased hepatic activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, meldonium improves the antioxidative defence in the liver of animals subjected to I/R, as proved by an increase in serum and liver ascorbic/dehydroascorbic acid ratio, hepatic haem oxygenase 1 expression, glutathione and free thiol groups content, and hepatic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, manganese superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activity. Based on our results, it can be concluded that meldonium represent a protective agent against I/R-induced liver injury, with a clinical significance in surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siniša Đurašević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski Trg, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia.
| | - Maja Stojković
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jelena Sopta
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Slađan Pavlović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Slavica Borković-Mitić
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Anđelija Ivanović
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" - National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Nebojša Jasnić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski Trg, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Tomislav Tosti
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Saša Đurović
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Jelena Đorđević
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 16 Studentski Trg, 11000, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
| | - Zoran Todorović
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
- University Medical Centre "Bežanijska Kosa", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Republic of Serbia
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Dadey RE, Workman CJ, Vignali DAA. Regulatory T Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1273:105-134. [PMID: 33119878 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49270-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are an immunosuppressive subpopulation of CD4+ T cells that are endowed with potent suppressive activity and function to limit immune activation and maintain homeostasis. These cells are identified by the hallmark transcription factor FOXP3 and the high-affinity interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor chain CD25. Tregs can be recruited to and persist within the tumor microenvironment (TME), acting as a potent barrier to effective antitumor immunity. This chapter will discuss [i] the history and hallmarks of Tregs; [ii] the recruitment, development, and persistence of Tregs within the TME; [iii] Treg function within TME; asnd [iv] the therapeutic targeting of Tregs in the clinic. This chapter will conclude with a discussion of likely trends and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah E Dadey
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Graduate Program of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Creg J Workman
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dario A A Vignali
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Tumor Microenvironment Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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45
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A biomimetic engineered bone platform for advanced testing of prosthetic implants. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22154. [PMID: 33335113 PMCID: PMC7747643 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78416-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing methods for testing prosthetic implants suffer from critical limitations, creating an urgent need for new strategies that facilitate research and development of implants with enhanced osseointegration potential. Herein, we describe a novel, biomimetic, human bone platform for advanced testing of implants in vitro, and demonstrate the scientific validity and predictive value of this approach using an assortment of complementary evaluation methods. We anchored titanium (Ti) and stainless steel (SS) implants into biomimetic scaffolds, seeded with human induced mesenchymal stem cells, to recapitulate the osseointegration process in vitro. We show distinct patterns of gene expression, matrix deposition, and mineralization in response to the two materials, with Ti implants ultimately resulting in stronger integration strength, as seen in other preclinical and clinical studies. Interestingly, RNAseq analysis reveals that the TGF-beta and the FGF2 pathways are overexpressed in response to Ti implants, while the Wnt, BMP, and IGF pathways are overexpressed in response to SS implants. High-resolution imaging shows significantly increased tissue mineralization and calcium deposition at the tissue-implant interface in response to Ti implants, contributing to a twofold increase in pullout strength compared to SS implants. Our technology creates unprecedented research opportunities towards the design of implants and biomaterials that can be personalized, and exhibit enhanced osseointegration potential, with reduced need for animal testing.
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Mamouei M, Budidha K, Baishya N, Qassem M, Kyriacou P. Comparison of wavelength selection methods for in-vitro estimation of lactate: a new unconstrained, genetic algorithm-based wavelength selection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16905. [PMID: 33037265 PMCID: PMC7547666 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochemical and medical literature establish lactate as a fundamental biomarker that can shed light on the energy consumption dynamics of the body at cellular and physiological levels. It is therefore, not surprising that it has been linked to many critical conditions ranging from the morbidity and mortality of critically ill patients to the diagnosis and prognosis of acute ischemic stroke, septic shock, lung injuries, insulin resistance in diabetic patients, and cancer. Currently, the gold standard for the measurement of lactate requires blood sampling. The invasive and costly nature of this procedure severely limits its application outside intensive care units. Optical sensors can provide a non-invasive, inexpensive, easy-to-use, continuous alternative to blood sampling. Previous efforts to achieve this have shown significant potential, but have been inconclusive. A measure that has been previously overlooked in this context, is the use of variable selection methods to identify regions of the optical spectrum that are most sensitive to and representative of the concentration of lactate. In this study, several wavelength selection methods are investigated and a new genetic algorithm-based wavelength selection method is proposed. This study shows that the development of more accurate and parsimonious models for optical estimation of lactate is possible. Unlike many existing methods, the proposed method does not impose additional locality constraints on the spectral features and therefore helps provide a much more granular interpretation of wavelength importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mamouei
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK.
| | - Karthik Budidha
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Nystha Baishya
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Meha Qassem
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Panayiotis Kyriacou
- Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London, UK
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47
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Valinhas A, Santiago-Toledo G, Wall IB. Microcarrier expansion of c-MycER TAM -modified human olfactory mucosa cells for neural regeneration. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 118:329-344. [PMID: 32955111 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human olfactory mucosa cells (hOMCs) have potential as a regenerative therapy for spinal cord injury. In our earlier work, we derived PA5 cells, a polyclonal population that retains functional attributes of primary human OMCs. Microcarrier suspension culture is an alternative to planar two-dimensinal culture to produce cells in quantities that can meet the needs of clinical development. This study aimed to screen the effects of 10 microcarriers on PA5 hOMCs yield and phenotype. Studies performed in well plates led to a 2.9-fold higher cell yield on plastic compared to plastic plus microcarriers with upregulation of neural markers β-III tubulin and nestin for both conditions. Microcarrier suspension culture resulted in concentrations of 1.4 × 105 cells/ml and 4.9 × 104 cells/ml for plastic and plastic plus, respectively, after 7 days. p75NTR transcript was significantly upregulated for PA5 hOMCs grown on Plastic Plus compared to Plastic. Furthermore, coculture of PA5 hOMCs grown on Plastic Plus with a neuronal cell line (NG108-15) led to increased neurite outgrowth. This study shows successful expansion of PA5 cells using suspension culture on microcarriers, and it reveals competing effects of microcarriers on cell expansion versus functional attributes, showing that designing scalable bioprocesses should not only be driven by cell yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Valinhas
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ivan B Wall
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.,College of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
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Xu R, Jones W, Wilcz-Villega E, Costa AS, Rajeeve V, Bentham RB, Bryson K, Nagano A, Yaman B, Olendo Barasa S, Wang Y, Chelala C, Cutillas P, Szabadkai G, Frezza C, Bianchi K. The breast cancer oncogene IKKε coordinates mitochondrial function and serine metabolism. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48260. [PMID: 32783398 PMCID: PMC7116048 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IκB kinase ε (IKKε) is a key molecule at the crossroads of inflammation and cancer. Known to regulate cytokine secretion via NFκB and IRF3, the kinase is also a breast cancer oncogene, overexpressed in a variety of tumours. However, to what extent IKKε remodels cellular metabolism is currently unknown. Here, we used metabolic tracer analysis to show that IKKε orchestrates a complex metabolic reprogramming that affects mitochondrial metabolism and consequently serine biosynthesis independently of its canonical signalling role. We found that IKKε upregulates the serine biosynthesis pathway (SBP) indirectly, by limiting glucose‐derived pyruvate utilisation in the TCA cycle, inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of mitochondrial function induces activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), which in turn drives upregulation of the expression of SBP genes. Importantly, pharmacological reversal of the IKKε‐induced metabolic phenotype reduces proliferation of breast cancer cells. Finally, we show that in a highly proliferative set of ER negative, basal breast tumours, IKKε and PSAT1 are both overexpressed, corroborating the link between IKKε and the SBP in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyan Xu
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - William Jones
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Ewa Wilcz-Villega
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Ana Sh Costa
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Vinothini Rajeeve
- Centre for Haemato-Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Robert B Bentham
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK.,Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kevin Bryson
- Department of Computer Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ai Nagano
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Busra Yaman
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Sheila Olendo Barasa
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Yewei Wang
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - Pedro Cutillas
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK.,Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katiuscia Bianchi
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
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Cherix A, Brodier L, Poitry-Yamate C, Matter JM, Gruetter R. The Appearance of the Warburg Effect in the Developing Avian Eye Characterized In Ovo: How Neurogenesis Can Remodel Neuroenergetics. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:3. [PMID: 32392312 PMCID: PMC7405834 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The avian eye is an established model for exploring mechanisms that coordinate morphogenesis and metabolism during embryonic development. Less is known, however, about trafficking of bioenergetic and metabolic signaling molecules that are involved in retinal neurogenesis. Methods Here we tested whether the known 3-day delayed neurogenesis occurring in the pigeon compared with the chick was associated with a deferred reshaping of eye metabolism in vivo. Developmental metabolic remodeling was explored using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the whole eye and vitreous body, in ovo, in parallel with biochemical and molecular analyses of retinal, vitreous, and lens extracts from bird embryos. Results Cross-species comparisons enabled us to show that a major glycolytic switch in the retina is related to neurogenesis rather than to eye growth. We further show that the temporal emergence of an interlocking regulatory cascade controlling retinal oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis results in the exchange of lactate and citrate between the retina and vitreous. Conclusions Our results point to the vitreous as a reservoir and buffer of energy metabolites that provides trophic support to oxidative neurons, such as retinal ganglion cells, in early development. Through its control of key glycolytic regulatory enzymes, citrate, exchanged between extracellular and intracellular compartments between the retina and vitreous, is a key metabolite in the initiation of a glycolytic switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Cherix
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Brodier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carole Poitry-Yamate
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Matter
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sciences III, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Biochemistry, Sciences II, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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50
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Schutz C, Chirehwa M, Barr D, Ward A, Janssen S, Burton R, Wilkinson RJ, Shey M, Wiesner L, Denti P, McIlleron H, Maartens G, Meintjes G. Early antituberculosis drug exposure in hospitalized patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:966-978. [PMID: 31912537 PMCID: PMC7163385 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Patients hospitalized at the time of human immunodeficiency virus-associated tuberculosis (HIV-TB) diagnosis have high early mortality. We hypothesized that compared to outpatients, there would be lower anti-TB drug exposure in hospitalized HIV-TB patients, and amongst hospitalized patients exposure would be lower in patients who die or have high lactate (a sepsis marker). METHODS We performed pharmacokinetic sampling in hospitalized HIV-TB patients and outpatients. Plasma rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide concentrations were measured in samples collected predose and at 1, 2.5, 4, 6 and 8 hours on the third day of standard anti-TB therapy. Twelve-week mortality was ascertained for inpatients. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic data were collected in 59 hospitalized HIV-TB patients and 48 outpatients. Inpatient 12-week mortality was 11/59 (19%). Rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide exposure was similar between hospitalized and outpatients (maximum concentration [Cmax ]: 7.4 vs 8.3 μg mL-1 , P = .223; 3.6 vs 3.5 μg mL-1 , P = .569; 50.1 vs 46.8 μg mL-1 , P = .081; area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 8 hours: 41.0 vs 43.8 mg h L-1 , P = 0.290; 13.5 vs 12.4 mg h L-1 , P = .630; 316.5 vs 292.2 mg h L-1 , P = .164, respectively) and not lower in inpatients who died. Rifampicin and isoniazid Cmax were below recommended ranges in 61% and 39% of inpatients and 44% and 35% of outpatients. Rifampicin exposure was higher in patients with lactate >2.2 mmol L-1 . CONCLUSION Mortality in hospitalized HIV-TB patients was high. Early anti-TB drug exposure was similar to outpatients and not lower in inpatients who died. Rifampicin and isoniazid Cmax were suboptimal in 61% and 39% of inpatients and rifampicin exposure was higher in patients with high lactate. Treatment strategies need to be optimized to improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Schutz
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in AfricaInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownObservatorySouth Africa,Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownObservatorySouth Africa
| | - Maxwell Chirehwa
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - David Barr
- Wellcome Trust Liverpool Glasgow Centre for Global Health ResearchUniversity of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
| | - Amy Ward
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in AfricaInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownObservatorySouth Africa,Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownObservatorySouth Africa
| | - Saskia Janssen
- Amsterdam University Medical CentreUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Rosie Burton
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownObservatorySouth Africa,Khayelitsha Hospital, Department of MedicineCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Robert J. Wilkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in AfricaInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownObservatorySouth Africa,Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownObservatorySouth Africa,Department of Infectious DiseasesImperial CollegeLondonUK,The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUK
| | - Muki Shey
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in AfricaInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownObservatorySouth Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Paolo Denti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Helen McIlleron
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in AfricaInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownObservatorySouth Africa,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Gary Maartens
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in AfricaInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownObservatorySouth Africa,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Graeme Meintjes
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in AfricaInstitute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape TownObservatorySouth Africa,Department of MedicineUniversity of Cape TownObservatorySouth Africa
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