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Siddiqui F, Tafur A, Hussain M, García-Ortega A, Darki A, Fareed J, Jiménez D, Bikdeli B, Galeano-Valle F, Fernández-Reyes JL, Pérez-Pinar M, Monreal M. The prognostic value of blood cellular indices in pulmonary embolism. Am J Hematol 2024; 99:1704-1711. [PMID: 38816957 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Prognostication in acute pulmonary embolism (PE) requires reliable markers. While cellular indices such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) appear promising, their utility in PE prognostication needs further exploration. We utilized data from the RIETE registry and the Loyola University Medical Center (LUMC) to assess the prognostic value of NLR, PLR, and SII in acute PE, using logistic regression models. The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. We compared their prognostic value versus the simplified Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (sPESI) alone. We included 10 085 patients from RIETE and 700 from the LUMC. Thirty-day mortality rates were 4.6% and 8.3%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, an elevated NLR (>7.0) was associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 3.46; 95% CI: 2.60-4.60), outperforming the PLR > 220 (aOR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.77-3.13), and SII > 1600 (aOR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.90-3.33). The c-statistic for NLR in patients with low-risk PE was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.69-0.86). Respective numbers were 0.66 (95% CI: 0.63-0.69) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.59-0.76) for intermediate-risk and high-risk patients. These findings were mirrored in the LUMC cohort. Among 9810 normotensive patients in RIETE, those scoring 0 points in sPESI and with an NLR ≤ 7.0 (35% of the population) displayed superior sensitivity (97.1%; 95% CI: 95.5-98.7) and negative predictive value (99.7%; 95% CI: 99.5-99.8) than sPESI alone (87.1%; 95% CI: 83.9-90.3, and 98.7%; 95% CI: 98.4-99.1, respectively) for 30-day mortality. The NLR is a significant prognostic marker for 30-day mortality in PE patients, especially useful to identify patients with very low-risk PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakiha Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
- Program in Health Sciences, UCAM - Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Tafur
- Department of Medicine and Vascular Medicine, Evanston NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mushtaq Hussain
- Dow College of Biotechnology, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Amir Darki
- Department of Cardiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Health Sciences Division, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - David Jiménez
- Respiratory Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal and Universidad de Alcalá (IRYCIS), CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Behnood Bikdeli
- Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Thrombosis Research Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- YNHH/Yale Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation (CORE), New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation (CRF), New York, New York, USA
| | - Francisco Galeano-Valle
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Manuel Monreal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UCAM - Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
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2
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Enten GA, Gao X, McGee MY, Weche M, Majetschak M. Chemokine receptor hetero-oligomers regulate monocyte chemotaxis. Life Sci Alliance 2024; 7:e202402657. [PMID: 38782603 PMCID: PMC11116815 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202402657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
It is known that stress influences immune cell function. The underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. We recently reported that many chemokine receptors (CRs) heteromerize with α1-adrenoceptors (α1-ARs) through which CRs are regulated. Here, we show that arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (AVPR1A) heteromerizes with all human CRs, except chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor (CXCR)1, in recombinant systems and that such heteromers are detectable in THP-1 cells and human monocytes. We demonstrate that ligand-free AVPR1A differentially regulates the efficacy of CR partners to mediate chemotaxis and that AVPR1A ligands disrupt AVPR1A:CR heteromers, which enhances chemokine (C-C motif) receptor (CCR)1-mediated chemotaxis and inhibits CCR2-, CCR8-, and CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer to monitor G protein activation and CRISPR/Cas9 gene-edited THP-1 cells lacking AVPR1A or α1B-AR, we show that CRs that share the propensity to heteromerize with α1B/D-ARs and AVPR1A exist and function within interdependent hetero-oligomeric complexes through which the efficacy of CRs to mediate chemotaxis is controlled. Our findings suggest that hetero-oligomers composed of CRs, α1B/D-ARs, and AVPR1A may enable stress hormones to regulate immune cell trafficking.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Chemotaxis
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Vasopressin/metabolism
- Receptors, Vasopressin/genetics
- THP-1 Cells
- Protein Multimerization
- HEK293 Cells
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- CRISPR-Cas Systems
- Signal Transduction
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/genetics
- Ligands
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett A Enten
- https://ror.org/032db5x82 Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- https://ror.org/032db5x82 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Xianlong Gao
- https://ror.org/032db5x82 Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michelle Y McGee
- https://ror.org/032db5x82 Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - McWayne Weche
- https://ror.org/032db5x82 Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthias Majetschak
- https://ror.org/032db5x82 Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- https://ror.org/032db5x82 Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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Smirnova OV, Ovcharenko ES, Kasparov EV. Hormonal Imbalance as a Prognostic Factor of Physical Development of Children with Intellectual Disability. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:913. [PMID: 39201848 PMCID: PMC11352287 DOI: 10.3390/children11080913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose was to study the indicators of physical development of primary-school-aged children with intellectual disability by observing the type of autonomic nervous regulation and their levels of catecholamines and serotonin. METHODS A total of 168 primary school age children were examined, of which 54 had intellectual disability. The autonomic nervous system was assessed using cardiointervalography; anthropometric parameters were applied in accordance with recommendations. The contents of serotonin and catecholamines in blood plasma and lymphocytes were assessed using enzyme immunoassay and luminescent histochemical methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Delayed physical and mental development in children with intellectual disability were associated with low serotonin levels in this group of children. The optimal option for the physical development of children with intellectual disability is a sympathetic type of autonomic nervous regulation, while negative-type vagotonic nervous regulation was associated with the maximum delay in physical development. The hypersympathetic type of nervous regulation was accompanied by minimal changes in physical development, despite the hormonal imbalance in the ratio of catecholamines and serotonin. The level of the neurotransmitter serotonin is a prognostic marker of the physical development of children of primary school age. The total amount of catecholamines and serotonin in blood plasma has a direct relationship with the amount of these neurotransmitters in blood lymphocytes; the more hormones in plasma, the more of them in lymphocytes. Therefore, the determination of the contents of catecholamines and serotonin in lymphocytes can be used as a model for studying neurotransmitters in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Smirnova
- Scientific Research Institute of Medical Problems of the North, Separate Division of Federal Research Centre “Krasnoyarsk Science Centre” of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, 660022 Krasnoyarsk, Russia; (E.S.O.); (E.V.K.)
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4
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Shimabukuro M. Leucocyte Count: Inflammatory and ROS Biomarkers of ASCVD. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:861-863. [PMID: 38599821 DOI: 10.5551/jat.ed258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Shimabukuro
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Fukushima Medical University
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Howell A, Arsic N, Griebel P. Resting and activated bovine neutrophils and eosinophils differ in their responses to adrenergic agonists. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 272:110758. [PMID: 38669937 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) provide a rapid response to infection and tissue damage and stress can modify these critical innate immune defences. The study of adrenergic receptor (AR) expression and function in bovine PMNs is limited but both neutrophils and eosinophils express numerous AR genes but differ significantly in their expression of individual AR genes. A flow cytometric technique was developed to differentiate between bovine neutrophils and eosinophils so both neutrophil and eosinophil responses to adrenergic agonists could be analysed. Neutrophils and eosinophils displayed significantly different changes in CD11b, L-selectin, and CD44 expression when activated by bovine serum opsonized zymosan and recombinant bovine interferon gamma. The responses of activated and resting neutrophils and eosinophils were then compared following stimulation with endogenous adrenergic agonists, epinephrine (E) norepinephrine (NE), and synthetic agonists targeting α1-, α2-, or β-ARs. Both resting and activated neutrophils and eosinophils displayed differences in iROS, CD44, and L-selectin expression following stimulation with E and NE. Resting neutrophils displayed pro-inflammatory responses to both E and NE, while resting eosinophils displayed a pro-inflammatory response to only NE. No single synthetic adrenergic agonist fully recapitulated responses observed with either E or NE and responses to adrenergic agonists were dose-dependent. In conclusion, bovine eosinophils and neutrophils responded to multiple adrenergic agonists by altering expression of proteins involved in immune surveillance and pro-inflammatory responses. Significant differences in neutrophil and eosinophil responses to adrenergic agonists are consistent with their differences in AR gene expression. This highlights the importance of analysing separately these two PMN subpopulations when investigating the effects of either endogenous or synthetic AR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Howell
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 120-Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; Global Institute for Food Security (GIFS), University of Saskatchewan, 421 Downey Rd, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4L8, Canada
| | - Natasa Arsic
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 120-Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada
| | - Philip Griebel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, 120-Veterinary Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; School of Public Health, 104 Clinic Place, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada.
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6
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Engler-Chiurazzi E. B cells and the stressed brain: emerging evidence of neuroimmune interactions in the context of psychosocial stress and major depression. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1360242. [PMID: 38650657 PMCID: PMC11033448 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1360242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The immune system has emerged as a key regulator of central nervous system (CNS) function in health and in disease. Importantly, improved understanding of immune contributions to mood disorders has provided novel opportunities for the treatment of debilitating stress-related mental health conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD). Yet, the impact to, and involvement of, B lymphocytes in the response to stress is not well-understood, leaving a fundamental gap in our knowledge underlying the immune theory of depression. Several emerging clinical and preclinical findings highlight pronounced consequences for B cells in stress and MDD and may indicate key roles for B cells in modulating mood. This review will describe the clinical and foundational observations implicating B cell-psychological stress interactions, discuss potential mechanisms by which B cells may impact brain function in the context of stress and mood disorders, describe research tools that support the investigation of their neurobiological impacts, and highlight remaining research questions. The goal here is for this discussion to illuminate both the scope and limitations of our current understanding regarding the role of B cells, stress, mood, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Engler-Chiurazzi
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
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7
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Reel JM, Abbadi J, Cox MA. T cells at the interface of neuroimmune communication. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:894-903. [PMID: 37952833 PMCID: PMC10999355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The immune system protects the host from infection and works to heal damaged tissue after infection or injury. There is increasing evidence that the immune system and the nervous system work in concert to achieve these goals. The sensory nervous system senses injury, infection, and inflammation, which results in a direct pain signal. Direct activation of peripheral sensory nerves can drive an inflammatory response in the skin. Immune cells express receptors for numerous transmitters released from sensory and autonomic nerves, which allows the nervous system to communicate directly with the immune system. This communication is bidirectional because immune cells can also produce neurotransmitters. Both innate and adaptive immune cells respond to neuronal signaling, but T cells appear to be at the helm of neuroimmune communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Reel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Jumana Abbadi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla
| | - Maureen A Cox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla; Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Okla.
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8
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Zeng Q, Oliva VM, Moro MÁ, Scheiermann C. Circadian Effects on Vascular Immunopathologies. Circ Res 2024; 134:791-809. [PMID: 38484032 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms exert a profound impact on most aspects of mammalian physiology, including the immune and cardiovascular systems. Leukocytes engage in time-of-day-dependent interactions with the vasculature, facilitating the emigration to and the immune surveillance of tissues. This review provides an overview of circadian control of immune-vascular interactions in both the steady state and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and infarction. Circadian rhythms impact both the immune and vascular facets of these interactions, primarily through the regulation of chemoattractant and adhesion molecules on immune and endothelial cells. Misaligned light conditions disrupt this rhythm, generally exacerbating atherosclerosis and infarction. In cardiovascular diseases, distinct circadian clock genes, while functioning as part of an integrated circadian system, can have proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on these immune-vascular interactions. Here, we discuss the mechanisms and relevance of circadian rhythms in vascular immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Q.Z., V.M.O., C.S.)
| | - Valeria Maria Oliva
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Q.Z., V.M.O., C.S.)
| | - María Ángeles Moro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.Á.M.)
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Q.Z., V.M.O., C.S.)
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Switzerland (C.S.)
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany (C.S.)
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Pay L, Çetin T, Keskin K, Dereli Ş, Tezen O, Yumurtaş AÇ, Kolak Z, Eren S, Şaylık F, Çınar T, Hayıroğlu Mİ. Evaluation of Naples prognostic score to predict long-term mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism. Biomark Med 2024; 18:253-263. [PMID: 38487977 PMCID: PMC11216614 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The Naples prognostic score (NPS), which reflects the inflammatory and nutritional status of patients, is often used to determine prognosis in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term prognostic value of the NPS in acute pulmonary embolism (APE) patients. Methods: Two hundred thirty-nine patients diagnosed with APE were divided into two groups according to their NPS, and long-term mortality was compared. Results: The long-term mortality was observed in 38 patients out of 293 patients in the mean follow-up of 24 months. Multivariate analysis showed that NPS as a categorical parameter and NPS as a numeric parameter were independent predictors of long-term mortality. Conclusion: This study highlights that NPS may have the potential to predict long-term mortality in APE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Pay
- Department of Cardiology, Ardahan State Hospital, Ardahan, 75000, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Çetin
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery Training Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Kıvanç Keskin
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery Training Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Şeyda Dereli
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery Training Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Ozan Tezen
- Department of Cardiology, Bayrampasa State Hospital, Istanbul, 34040, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ç Yumurtaş
- Department of Cardiology, Kars Harakani State Hospital, Kars, 36200, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Kolak
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery Training Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Semih Eren
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery Training Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
| | - Faysal Şaylık
- Department of Cardiology, Van Education & Research Hospital, Van, 65300, Turkey
| | - Tufan Çınar
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mert İ Hayıroğlu
- Department of Cardiology, Dr. Siyami Ersek Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery Training Hospital, Istanbul, 34668, Turkey
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10
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Stepanenko AA, Sosnovtseva AO, Valikhov MP, Chernysheva AA, Abramova OV, Pavlov KA, Chekhonin VP. Systemic and local immunosuppression in glioblastoma and its prognostic significance. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1326753. [PMID: 38481999 PMCID: PMC10932993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1326753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of tumor therapy, especially immunotherapy and oncolytic virotherapy, critically depends on the activity of the host immune cells. However, various local and systemic mechanisms of immunosuppression operate in cancer patients. Tumor-associated immunosuppression involves deregulation of many components of immunity, including a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes (lymphopenia), an increase in the levels or ratios of circulating and tumor-infiltrating immunosuppressive subsets [e.g., macrophages, microglia, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and regulatory T cells (Tregs)], as well as defective functions of subsets of antigen-presenting, helper and effector immune cell due to altered expression of various soluble and membrane proteins (receptors, costimulatory molecules, and cytokines). In this review, we specifically focus on data from patients with glioblastoma/glioma before standard chemoradiotherapy. We discuss glioblastoma-related immunosuppression at baseline and the prognostic significance of different subsets of circulating and tumor-infiltrating immune cells (lymphocytes, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Tregs, natural killer (NK) cells, neutrophils, macrophages, MDSCs, and dendritic cells), including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), focus on the immune landscape and prognostic significance of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas, proneural, classical and mesenchymal molecular subtypes, and highlight the features of immune surveillance in the brain. All attempts to identify a reliable prognostic immune marker in glioblastoma tissue have led to contradictory results, which can be explained, among other things, by the unprecedented level of spatial heterogeneity of the immune infiltrate and the significant phenotypic diversity and (dys)functional states of immune subpopulations. High NLR is one of the most repeatedly confirmed independent prognostic factors for shorter overall survival in patients with glioblastoma and carcinoma, and its combination with other markers of the immune response or systemic inflammation significantly improves the accuracy of prediction; however, more prospective studies are needed to confirm the prognostic/predictive power of NLR. We call for the inclusion of dynamic assessment of NLR and other blood inflammatory markers (e.g., absolute/total lymphocyte count, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, and systemic immune response index) in all neuro-oncology studies for rigorous evaluation and comparison of their individual and combinatorial prognostic/predictive significance and relative superiority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei A. Stepanenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiia O. Sosnovtseva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat P. Valikhov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Chernysheva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga V. Abramova
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin A. Pavlov
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Chekhonin
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky National Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Translational Medicine, N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, The Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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11
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Takahashi M, Sato T, Nakano S, Hamada J, Ishii T, Hasegawa T. Adrenal crisis during a trip in a young child with septo-optic dysplasia. Clin Pediatr Endocrinol 2024; 33:101-103. [PMID: 38572384 PMCID: PMC10985012 DOI: 10.1297/cpe.2023-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miho Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satsuki Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junpei Hamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishii
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonobu Hasegawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Barreto AC, Leitão L, Vianna J, Poderoso R, Reis VM, Cirilo-Sousa M, Junior A, Colonna M, Casimiro-Lopes G, Novaes J. Do Men and Women Differ in Hematological Adaptations to 24 Weeks of Crossfit® Training? J Hum Kinet 2024; 90:101-110. [PMID: 38380303 PMCID: PMC10875701 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/170885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise can modulate the immune system functioning through changes in the number and function of leukocytes as well as in red blood cells and other typical blood markers. High intensity exercise promotes increases in cytotoxic activity, phagocytic capacity, chemotaxis and cell apoptosis. The aim of the study was to compare the chronic effects of a 24-week training program using CrossFit® methodology on hematological variables of men vs. women. Twenty-nine CrossFit® athletes (35.3 ± 10.4 years, 175.0 ± 9.2 cm, 79.5 ± 16.4 kg) participated in the study. The blood count, the lipid profile and glucose markers were measured every two months during the study period. The erythrocyte count and hemoglobin concentrations increased in months 4 and 6 in men and women, respectively. Hematocrit levels increased in men in months 2, 4 and 6, while in women only in month 6. Red cell distribution width increased in men in month 6 when compared to the value in month 2. Segmented neutrophils increased in men in month 6 and eosinophil levels increased in women in month 6. Differences between the two sexes were observed in monocytes levels at baseline, as well as in months 2, 4 and 6. Cross-Fit® training increased red cell count indicators in both sexes, which may be related to increased erythropoiesis. Some white blood cell counts were altered and these differed between sexes. The number of lymphocytes remained stable throughout the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina Barreto
- Physical Education Department, Celso Lisboa University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis Leitão
- Sciences and Technology Department, Superior School of Education of Polytechnic Institute of Setubal, Setúbal, Portugal
- Life Quality Research Centre (CIEQV), Leiria, Portugal
| | - Jeferson Vianna
- Physical Education and Sports Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Poderoso
- Physical Education Department, University of Unopar, Nilópolis, Brazil
| | - Victor Machado Reis
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Cirilo-Sousa
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Physical Education, University of Cariri Regional, Crato, Brazil
| | - Adenilson Junior
- Physical Education Department, Federal Techonology Institute of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Colonna
- Physical Education Department, University Center of Augusto Motta of UNISUAM, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Physical Education Department, Estácio de Sá University, UNESA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Casimiro-Lopes
- Physical Education and Sports Institute, Laboratory of Exercise Pathophysiology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Novaes
- Physical Education and Sports Department, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
- Physical Education and Sports Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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Le L, Miyanishi K, Tanaka J, Majewska AK. Microglial Regulation of Sleep and Wakefulness. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 37:243-260. [PMID: 39207696 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-55529-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Sleep serves a multitude of roles in brain maturation and function. Although the neural networks involved in sleep regulation have been extensively characterized, it is increasingly recognized that neurons are not the sole conductor orchestrating the rhythmic cycle of sleep and wakefulness. In the central nervous system, microglia have emerged as an important player in sleep regulation. Within the last two decades, microglia have gained substantial attention for carrying out numerous nonimmune tasks that are crucial for brain development and function by co-opting similar mechanisms used in their conventional immune functions. Here, we highlight the importance of microglia in sleep regulation with recent findings reporting an arrhythmic sleep/wake cycle in the absence of microglia. Although the underlying mechanisms for such regulation are still being uncovered, it is likely that microglial contributions to the rhythmic control of the sleep/wake cycle come from their influence on synaptic strength and neuronal activity. We review the current literature to provide speculative signaling pathways and suggest key questions for future research. Advancing our knowledge of the mechanistic contribution of microglia to sleep regulation will not only further our insight into this critical biological process but also be instrumental in providing novel therapeutic strategies for sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Le
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Visual Science, Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kazuya Miyanishi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan.
| | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Visual Science, Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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14
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Qiao H, Xu Q, Xu Y, Zhao Y, He N, Tang J, Zhao J, Liu Y. Molecular chaperones in stroke-induced immunosuppression. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2638-2644. [PMID: 37449602 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke-induced immunosuppression is a process that leads to peripheral suppression of the immune system after a stroke and belongs to the central nervous system injury-induced immunosuppressive syndrome. Stroke-induced immunosuppression leads to increased susceptibility to post-stroke infections, such as urinary tract infections and stroke-associated pneumonia, worsening prognosis. Molecular chaperones are a large class of proteins that are able to maintain proteostasis by directing the folding of nascent polypeptide chains, refolding misfolded proteins, and targeting misfolded proteins for degradation. Various molecular chaperones have been shown to play roles in stroke-induced immunosuppression by modulating the activity of other molecular chaperones, cochaperones, and their associated pathways. This review summarizes the role of molecular chaperones in stroke-induced immunosuppression and discusses new approaches to restore host immune defense after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoduo Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Nina He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University; Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University; Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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15
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Reel JM, Abbadi J, Bueno AJ, Cizio K, Pippin R, Doyle DA, Mortan L, Bose JL, Cox MA. The Sympathetic Nervous System Is Necessary for Development of CD4+ T-Cell Memory Following Staphylococcus aureus Infection. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:966-974. [PMID: 37163747 PMCID: PMC10547460 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymph nodes and spleens are innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers that enter alongside arteries. Despite discovery of these nerve fibers nearly 40 years ago, the role of these nerves during response to infection remains poorly defined. We have found that chemical depletion of sympathetic nerve fibers compromises the ability of mice to develop protective immune memory to a Staphylococcus aureus infection. Innate control of the primary infection was not impacted by sympathectomy. Germinal center formation is also compromised in nerve-depleted animals; however, protective antibody responses are still generated. Interestingly, protective CD4+ T-cell memory fails to form in the absence of sympathetic nerves after S aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Laura Mortan
- Stephenson Cancer Center
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City
| | - Jeffrey L Bose
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City
| | - Maureen A Cox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
- Stephenson Cancer Center
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16
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Mallu ACT, Sivagurunathan S, Paul D, Aggarwal H, Nathan AA, Manikandan A, Ravi MM, Boppana R, Jagavelu K, Santra MK, Dixit M. Feeding enhances fibronectin adherence of quiescent lymphocytes through non-canonical insulin signalling. Immunology 2023; 170:60-82. [PMID: 37185810 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutritional availability during fasting and refeeding affects the temporal redistribution of lymphoid and myeloid immune cells among the circulating and tissue-resident pools. Conversely, nutritional imbalance and impaired glucose metabolism are associated with chronic inflammation, aberrant immunity and anomalous leukocyte trafficking. Despite being exposed to periodic alterations in blood insulin levels upon fasting and feeding, studies exploring the physiological effects of these hormonal changes on quiescent immune cell function and trafficking are scanty. Here, we report that oral glucose load in mice and healthy men enhances the adherence of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lymphocytes to fibronectin. Adherence to fibronectin is also observed upon regular intake of breakfast following overnight fasting in healthy subjects. This glucose load-induced phenomenon is abrogated in streptozotocin-injected mice that lack insulin. Intra-vital microscopy in mice demonstrated that oral glucose feeding enhances the homing of PBMCs to injured blood vessels in vivo. Furthermore, employing flow cytometry, Western blotting and adhesion assays for PBMCs and Jurkat-T cells, we elucidate that insulin enhances fibronectin adherence of quiescent lymphocytes through non-canonical signalling involving insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) autophosphorylation, phospholipase C gamma-1 (PLCγ-1) Tyr783 phosphorylation and inside-out activation of β-integrins respectively. Our findings uncover the physiological relevance of post-prandial insulin spikes in regulating the adherence and trafficking of circulating quiescent T-cells through fibronectin-integrin interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiram Charan Tej Mallu
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Sivapriya Sivagurunathan
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Debasish Paul
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Hobby Aggarwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Abel Arul Nathan
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Amrutha Manikandan
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Mahalakshmi M Ravi
- Institute Hospital, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Ramanamurthy Boppana
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | | | - Manas Kumar Santra
- National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University Campus, Pune, India
| | - Madhulika Dixit
- Centre of Excellence (CoE) in Molecular Medicine, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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17
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Alsubhi YM, Alhadi AH, Hammudah AM, Alahmadi RA, Aljohani AM, Dubai SA, Susi AI, Almuwallad K, Alwasaidi TA. Comparison of laboratory biomarkers for the prediction of in-hospital mortality and severity of acute pulmonary embolism: A multi-center study. Saudi Med J 2023; 44:898-903. [PMID: 37717976 PMCID: PMC10505296 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2023.44.9.20230441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the specificity and sensitivity of prognostic biomarkers in individuals diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). METHODS This study retrospectively enrolled 162 patients from the 741 patients who were hospitalized with acute PE and diagnosed using pulmonary computed tomography (CT) angiogram at 5 hospitals in Saudi Arabia between January 2015 and December 2019. Pulmonary embolism patients classified into survivor and non-survivor groups. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and red cell distribution width (RDW) were all recorded and were compared between the groups. The evaluation of mortality prediction, sensitivity, and specificity was carried out by employing receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS The variables NLR and RDW exhibited a statistically significant correlation with increased mortality and disease severity. A total of 8 patients among the 162 patients died. At the cut-off value of 5.5, NLR was showed an association with all-cause mortality, demonstrating a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 82%. At the cut-off value of 18.15, RDW was found to be significantly associated with all-cause mortality, displaying a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 88%. CONCLUSION Multiple parameters have been implicated in the mortality and severity of PE. Our study revealed a statistically significant association between NLR, RDW, and PE mortality. These tests are easily accessible and may provide insights into the mortality associated with PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir M. Alsubhi
- From the Department of Medicine (Alsubhi, Hammudah, Alahmadi); from the Department of Critical Care (Almuwallad), King Fahad General Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (Alhadi); from the Division of Hematology (Alwasaidi), Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Preventive Medicine (Aljohani), Division of Infection Prevention and Control; from the Preventive Medicine Joint Program (Al Dubai), Post Graduate Studies, Ministry of Health, from the Department of Medicine (Alwasaidi), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Susi), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed H. Alhadi
- From the Department of Medicine (Alsubhi, Hammudah, Alahmadi); from the Department of Critical Care (Almuwallad), King Fahad General Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (Alhadi); from the Division of Hematology (Alwasaidi), Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Preventive Medicine (Aljohani), Division of Infection Prevention and Control; from the Preventive Medicine Joint Program (Al Dubai), Post Graduate Studies, Ministry of Health, from the Department of Medicine (Alwasaidi), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Susi), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz M. Hammudah
- From the Department of Medicine (Alsubhi, Hammudah, Alahmadi); from the Department of Critical Care (Almuwallad), King Fahad General Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (Alhadi); from the Division of Hematology (Alwasaidi), Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Preventive Medicine (Aljohani), Division of Infection Prevention and Control; from the Preventive Medicine Joint Program (Al Dubai), Post Graduate Studies, Ministry of Health, from the Department of Medicine (Alwasaidi), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Susi), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Riyadh A. Alahmadi
- From the Department of Medicine (Alsubhi, Hammudah, Alahmadi); from the Department of Critical Care (Almuwallad), King Fahad General Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (Alhadi); from the Division of Hematology (Alwasaidi), Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Preventive Medicine (Aljohani), Division of Infection Prevention and Control; from the Preventive Medicine Joint Program (Al Dubai), Post Graduate Studies, Ministry of Health, from the Department of Medicine (Alwasaidi), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Susi), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Azhar M. Aljohani
- From the Department of Medicine (Alsubhi, Hammudah, Alahmadi); from the Department of Critical Care (Almuwallad), King Fahad General Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (Alhadi); from the Division of Hematology (Alwasaidi), Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Preventive Medicine (Aljohani), Division of Infection Prevention and Control; from the Preventive Medicine Joint Program (Al Dubai), Post Graduate Studies, Ministry of Health, from the Department of Medicine (Alwasaidi), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Susi), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sami Al Dubai
- From the Department of Medicine (Alsubhi, Hammudah, Alahmadi); from the Department of Critical Care (Almuwallad), King Fahad General Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (Alhadi); from the Division of Hematology (Alwasaidi), Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Preventive Medicine (Aljohani), Division of Infection Prevention and Control; from the Preventive Medicine Joint Program (Al Dubai), Post Graduate Studies, Ministry of Health, from the Department of Medicine (Alwasaidi), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Susi), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulqader I. Susi
- From the Department of Medicine (Alsubhi, Hammudah, Alahmadi); from the Department of Critical Care (Almuwallad), King Fahad General Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (Alhadi); from the Division of Hematology (Alwasaidi), Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Preventive Medicine (Aljohani), Division of Infection Prevention and Control; from the Preventive Medicine Joint Program (Al Dubai), Post Graduate Studies, Ministry of Health, from the Department of Medicine (Alwasaidi), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Susi), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Kholoud Almuwallad
- From the Department of Medicine (Alsubhi, Hammudah, Alahmadi); from the Department of Critical Care (Almuwallad), King Fahad General Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (Alhadi); from the Division of Hematology (Alwasaidi), Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Preventive Medicine (Aljohani), Division of Infection Prevention and Control; from the Preventive Medicine Joint Program (Al Dubai), Post Graduate Studies, Ministry of Health, from the Department of Medicine (Alwasaidi), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Susi), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Turki A. Alwasaidi
- From the Department of Medicine (Alsubhi, Hammudah, Alahmadi); from the Department of Critical Care (Almuwallad), King Fahad General Hospital, from the Department of Medicine (Alhadi); from the Division of Hematology (Alwasaidi), Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, from the Department of Preventive Medicine (Aljohani), Division of Infection Prevention and Control; from the Preventive Medicine Joint Program (Al Dubai), Post Graduate Studies, Ministry of Health, from the Department of Medicine (Alwasaidi), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, and from the Department of Emergency Medicine (Susi), King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Folayan MO, Zuñiga RAA, Virtanen JI, Aly NM, Ezechi OC, Lusher J, El Tantawi M, Nguyen AL. Risk indicators for oral ulcers among people living with HIV during the first wave of the pandemic: a cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:600. [PMID: 37635219 PMCID: PMC10463981 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is currently known about HIV-related parameters that may increase the risk for oral ulcers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to overcome this gap in research by assessing the associations between HIV viral load, antiretroviral adherence profile, co-morbidity status, SARS-CoV-2 infection and oral ulcers among people living with HIV (PLHIV). METHODS This was a secondary analysis of data generated from 21,206 to 18 years and above, recruited from 152 countries through an online survey between July and December 2020. Data were extracted for 874 people who reported living with HIV. The dependent variable was reporting having oral ulcer. The independent variables were the viral load, adherence to antiretroviral treatment and a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The confounding variables were age at last birthday and sex at birth. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables after adjusting for the confounding variables. RESULTS Of the 874 participants, 99 (11.3%) reported having oral ulcers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The odds of PLHIV having oral ulcers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic was significantly higher for people who did not know their viral load than those who had undetectable viral load (AOR: 2.036; 95% CI: 1.204-3.443; p = 0.008); and people who did not adhere to the use of antiretroviral treatment than those who adhered (AOR: 4.113; 95% CI: 2.567-6.589; p < 0.001). Also, PLHIV who had SARS-CoV-2 infection had significantly higher odds of having oral ulcers than those who did not have the infection (AOR: 14.556; 95% CI: 4.500-47.078; p < 0.001). PLHIV who had co-morbidities had non-significantly higher odds of having oral ulcers than those without co-morbidities (AOR: 1.170; 95% CI: 0.656-2.085; p = 0.595). CONCLUSION Oral ulcers may be an indicator of poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy and unsuppressed viral load among PLHIV. It may also be an indicator of SARS-CoV-2 infection and a signal to take prompt and critical care of affected individuals because of the risk for severe COVID-19 for these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
- Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur., Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Oliver C Ezechi
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Nigeria Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Joanne Lusher
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Provost's Group, Regent's University London, London, UK
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Annie L Nguyen
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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19
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Gui H, Chen X, Li L, Zhu L, Jing Q, Nie Y, Zhang X. Psychological distress influences lung cancer: Advances and perspectives on the immune system and immunotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110251. [PMID: 37348230 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest incidence rate and mortality worldwide. Moreover, multiple factors may cause heterogeneity in the efficacy of immunotherapy for lung cancer, and preclinical studies have gradually uncovered the promotive effects of psychological distress (PD) on tumor hallmarks. Therefore, treatment targeted at PD may be a vital factor in adjusting and improving immunotherapy for lung cancer. Here, by focusing on the central nervous system, as well as stress-related crucial neurotransmitters and hormones, we highlight the effects of PD on the lung immune system, the lung tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunotherapy, which brings a practicable means and psychosocial perspective to lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Gui
- Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, People`s Hospital of Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Minority Autonomous Prefecture, Xingyi 562400, China; School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xulong Chen
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Linzhao Li
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qianyu Jing
- NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Yingjie Nie
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China.
| | - Xiangyan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunological Diseases, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang 550002, China.
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20
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Chen L, Li GH, Chen TY, Zheng YX. Methylprednisolone sodium succinate retroauricular injection combined with acupuncture in the treatment of Bell's Palsy. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17910. [PMID: 37501973 PMCID: PMC10368768 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retroauricular injection is a local steroid hormone administration method commonly used to treat deafness or tinnitus. The acute stage of Bell's Palsy is an acute disease that requires steroid therapy. Retroauricular injection may replace oral administration of steroid hormones in the treatment of this disease as well as reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions. Methods This study included patients with Bell's Palsy within seven days of onset. A total of 120 patients were enrolled as the study subjects and randomly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. Both groups received routine acupuncture treatment and took a traditional Chinese medicine decoction corresponding with the syndrome type. Methylprednisolone sodium succinate was injected into the bone surface of retroauricula in the experimental group, and prednisone acetate was orally administered in the control group. The main outcome indicators were the House-Brackmann (HB) grade, the facial disability index (FDI), and time of postauricular pain after one month of treatment. Results There were no significant differences in the HB grade (2.00 ± 1.06 vs. 1.88 ± 1.06, P=), FDIP (97.25 ± 6.00 vs. 97.17 ± 7.39, P=), and FDIS (0.60 ± 3.02 vs. 1.33 ± 4.27, P=) at 30 days after treatment between the two groups (P > 0.05). Postauricular pain disappeared earlier in the experimental group (3.66 ± 1.67 days) than in the control group (6.31 ± 2.34); the difference was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001). The adverse reaction rate was lower in the experimental group (15.00%) than in the control group (21.66%). Interpretation Although the dose of steroid hormone injected into the bone surface of retroauricula in the treatment of Bell's Palsy is lower than the administered dose of oral hormones, it has the same curative effect; however, it has a better effect regarding to the duration of postauricular pain and adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- College of Medical Technology, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Guo-Hui Li
- Acupuncture & Rehabilitation Center, Yinchuan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Yinchuan 750001, China
| | - Teng-Yu Chen
- College of Acumox and Tuina, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yun-Xue Zheng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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21
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Radulescu D, Cuiban E, Vacaroiu IA. Unusual Extreme Leukocytosis in Metformin Overdose. MAEDICA 2023; 18:357-362. [PMID: 37588821 PMCID: PMC10427101 DOI: 10.26574/maedica.2023.18.2.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
We present the challenging differential diagnosis of an extreme leukocytosis noted at hospital admission of a patient with severe lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury secondary to metformin overdose. Laboratory and imaging work-up ruled out an infectious or malignant cause for severely increased leukocytes count; thus, it was established that the process of leukocyte demargination was the main cause of increased count of leukocytes. Discussion of available literature data is also presented. Our case report highlights the importance for clinicians to be aware of this possible spurious increase of leukocytes in acute non-infectious stressful conditions in order to avoid unnecessary antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Radulescu
- Clinical Department No. 3, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Cuiban
- Clinical Department No. 3, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Sf. Ioan Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 421422 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Adela Vacaroiu
- Clinical Department No. 3, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Sf. Ioan Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, Emergency Clinical Hospital, 421422 Bucharest, Romania
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22
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Alewel DI, Jackson TW, Vance SA, Schladweiler MC, Evansky PA, Henriquez AR, Grindstaff R, Gavett SH, Kodavanti UP. Sex-specific respiratory and systemic endocrine effects of acute acrolein and trichloroethylene inhalation. Toxicol Lett 2023; 382:22-32. [PMID: 37201588 PMCID: PMC10585336 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Acrolein and trichloroethylene (TCE) are priority hazardous air pollutants due to environmental prevalence and adverse health effects; however, neuroendocrine stress-related systemic effects are not characterized. Comparing acrolein, an airway irritant, and TCE with low irritancy, we hypothesized that airway injury would be linked to neuroendocrine-mediated systemic alterations. Male and female Wistar-Kyoto rats were exposed nose-only to air, acrolein or TCE in incremental concentrations over 30 min, followed by 3.5-hr exposure to the highest concentration (acrolein - 0.0, 0.1, 0.316, 1, 3.16 ppm; TCE - 0.0, 3.16, 10, 31.6, 100 ppm). Real-time head-out plethysmography revealed acrolein decreased minute volume and increased inspiratory-time (males>females), while TCE reduced tidal-volume. Acrolein, but not TCE, inhalation increased nasal-lavage-fluid protein, lactate-dehydrogenase activity, and inflammatory cell influx (males>females). Neither acrolein nor TCE increased bronchoalveolar-lavage-fluid injury markers, although macrophages and neutrophils increased in acrolein-exposed males and females. Systemic neuroendocrine stress response assessment indicated acrolein, but not TCE, increased circulating adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and consequently corticosterone, and caused lymphopenia, but only in males. Acrolein also reduced circulating thyroid-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and testosterone in males. In conclusion, acute acrolein inhalation resulted in sex-specific upper respiratory irritation/inflammation and systemic neuroendocrine alterations linked to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axes activation, which is critical in mediating extra-respiratory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin I Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Thomas W Jackson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Samuel A Vance
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Mette C Schladweiler
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Paul A Evansky
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Rachel Grindstaff
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Stephen H Gavett
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
| | - Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States.
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Ng LG, Liu Z, Kwok I, Ginhoux F. Origin and Heterogeneity of Tissue Myeloid Cells: A Focus on GMP-Derived Monocytes and Neutrophils. Annu Rev Immunol 2023; 41:375-404. [PMID: 37126421 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-081022-113627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid cells are a significant proportion of leukocytes within tissues, comprising granulocytes, monocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. With the identification of various myeloid cells that perform separate but complementary functions during homeostasis and disease, our understanding of tissue myeloid cells has evolved significantly. Exciting findings from transcriptomics profiling and fate-mapping mouse models have facilitated the identification of their developmental origins, maturation, and tissue-specific specializations. This review highlights the current understanding of tissue myeloid cells and the contributing factors of functional heterogeneity to better comprehend the complex and dynamic immune interactions within the healthy or inflamed tissue. Specifically, we discuss the new understanding of the contributions of granulocyte-monocyte progenitor-derived phagocytes to tissue myeloid cell heterogeneity as well as the impact of niche-specific factors on monocyte and neutrophil phenotype and function. Lastly, we explore the developing paradigm of myeloid cell heterogeneity during inflammation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Guan Ng
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore; ,
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhaoyuan Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Immanuel Kwok
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore; ,
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), ASTAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, Singapore; ,
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institut Gustave Roussy, INSERM U1015, Villejuif, France
- Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
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24
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Towards a biomarker for acute arterial thrombosis using complete blood count and white blood cell differential parameters in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4043. [PMID: 36899036 PMCID: PMC10006076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no blood biomarker diagnostic of arterial thrombosis. We investigated if arterial thrombosis per se was associated with alterations in complete blood count (CBC) and white blood cell (WBC) differential count in mice. Twelve-week-old C57Bl/6 mice were used for FeCl3-mediated carotid thrombosis (n = 72), sham-operation (n = 79), or non-operation (n = 26). Monocyte count (/µL) at 30-min after thrombosis (median 160 [interquartile range 140-280]) was ~ 1.3-fold higher than at 30-min after sham-operation (120 [77.5-170]), and twofold higher than in non-operated mice (80 [47.5-92.5]). At day-1 and -4 post-thrombosis, compared with 30-min, monocyte count decreased by about 6% and 28% to 150 [100-200] and 115 [100-127.5], which however were about 2.1-fold and 1.9-fold higher than in sham-operated mice (70 [50-100] and 60 [30-75], respectively). Lymphocyte counts (/µL) at 1- and 4-days after thrombosis (mean ± SD; 3513 ± 912 and 2590 ± 860) were ~ 38% and ~ 54% lower than those in the sham-operated mice (5630 ± 1602 and 5596 ± 1437, respectively), and ~ 39% and ~ 55% lower than those in non-operated mice (5791 ± 1344). Post-thrombosis monocyte-lymphocyte-ratio (MLR) was substantially higher at all three time-points (0.050 ± 0.02, 0.046 ± 0.025, and 0.050 ± 0.02) vs. sham (0.003 ± 0.021, 0.013 ± 0.004, and 0.010 ± 0.004). MLR was 0.013 ± 0.005 in non-operated mice. This is the first report on acute arterial thrombosis-related alterations in CBC and WBC differential parameters.
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25
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Kodavanti UP, Jackson TW, Henriquez AR, Snow SJ, Alewel DI, Costa DL. Air Pollutant impacts on the brain and neuroendocrine system with implications for peripheral organs: a perspective. Inhal Toxicol 2023; 35:109-126. [PMID: 36749208 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2023.2172486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Air pollutants are being increasingly linked to extrapulmonary multi-organ effects. Specifically, recent studies associate air pollutants with brain disorders including psychiatric conditions, neuroinflammation and chronic diseases. Current evidence of the linkages between neuropsychiatric conditions and chronic peripheral immune and metabolic diseases provides insights on the potential role of the neuroendocrine system in mediating neural and systemic effects of inhaled pollutants (reactive particulates and gases). Autonomically-driven stress responses, involving sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axes regulate cellular physiological processes through adrenal-derived hormones and diverse receptor systems. Recent experimental evidence demonstrates the contribution of the very stress system responding to non-chemical stressors, in mediating systemic and neural effects of reactive air pollutants. The assessment of how respiratory encounter of air pollutants induce lung and peripheral responses through brain and neuroendocrine system, and how the impairment of these stress pathways could be linked to chronic diseases will improve understanding of the causes of individual variations in susceptibility and the contribution of habituation/learning and resiliency. This review highlights effects of air pollution in the respiratory tract that impact the brain and neuroendocrine system, including the role of autonomic sensory nervous system in triggering neural stress response, the likely contribution of translocated nano particles or metal components, and biological mediators released systemically in causing effects remote to the respiratory tract. The perspective on the use of systems approaches that incorporate multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors, including environmental, physiological and psychosocial, with the assessment of interactive neural mechanisms and peripheral networks are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urmila P Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Thomas W Jackson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Andres R Henriquez
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Devin I Alewel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Costa
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gilling's School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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26
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Padrones MN, Cid FD, Chediack JG. Effects of corticosterone administration on the body condition and blood parameters of the house sparrow, Passer domesticus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:369-382. [PMID: 36772870 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal glands and released into the bloodstream in response to stressful situations. In birds, corticosterone (CORT) is the main glucocorticoid released under stress. Throughout their lives, animals in nature are continually exposed to noxious stimuli known as stressful events. Any alteration of homeostatic stability is a stressful situation and this alteration triggers physiological changes to restore homeostasis. Glucocorticoids are one of the components of the complex set of physiological and behavioral responses to stress. In this work, we use CORT supplied in drinking water to evaluate its effect in blood parameters and physiology in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). To accomplish this, P. domesticus were administered three different doses of CORT in drinking water for 72 h. Body mass, organ mass, pectoral muscle mass, leg muscle mass, and blood parameters (CORT, triglycerides, glucose and uric acid, heterophils/lymphocytes ratio, hematocrit, and serum protein profile) were determined before and after CORT treatment. A 15% decrease in body mass with a significant decrease in pectoral mass were observed after the higher CORT treatment, as well as a decrease in the plasma concentration of uric acid. Lastly, we found a reversal of the heterophils/lymphocytes ratio and a decrease in hematocrit. It was possible to establish first data for baseline and CORT-alteration values in serum protein profile for P. domesticus. Baseline and altered values of blood parameters and serum protein profile could be an important tool in field ecology because they provide important data to assess the physiological condition in wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo N Padrones
- Laboratorio de Biología Integrativa, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
- Área de Biología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Fabricio D Cid
- Laboratorio de Biología Integrativa, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
- Área de Biología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Juan G Chediack
- Laboratorio de Biología Integrativa, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis (IMIBIO-SL), CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
- Área de Biología, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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27
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Dolu AK, Karayiğit O, Ozkan C, Çelik MC, Kalçık M. Relationship between intracoronary thrombus burden and systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Acta Cardiol 2023; 78:72-79. [PMID: 35105281 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2022.2035082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between intracoronary thrombus burden and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and to compare the predictive capacity of SII together with the neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). PATIENT & METHODS A total of 425 patients were included in the study. The clinical, laboratory, and demographic characteristics of the patients were recorded. The thrombus classification "Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)" was used to assess the intracoronary thrombus burden. According to the TIMI thrombus classification, 229 (54%) patients with low thrombus burden (grade 0-3) and 196 (46%) patients with high thrombus burden (grade 4 and 5) were compared. SII was calculated as platelet × neutrophil/lymphocyte counts. RESULTS High NLR (OR: 1.068, 95% CI:1.023-1.404; p = 0.031), PLR(OR: 1.012, 95% CI:1.002-1.018; p = 0.043), SII(OR: 1.325, 95% CI: 1.156-1.879; p = 0.015) and low left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) (OR: 0.957, 95% CI:0.924-0.990; p = 0.012) were found to be independent predictors of high thrombus burden. SII values above 812 predicted a high thrombus burden with a sensitivity of 82% and specificity of 73% (AUC: 0.836; 95% CI:0.795-0.877; p < 0.001). This predictiveness of SII was stronger as compared to NLR (0.836 vs. 0.818, p = 0.043) and PLR (0.836 vs. 0.780, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION SII is an independent predictor of high thrombus burden in patients with STEMI. In addition, SII is superior to NLR and PLR in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Kadir Dolu
- Department of Cardiology, Izmir Katip Çelebi University Ataturk Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Orhan Karayiğit
- Department of Cardiology, Yozgat City Hospital, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Can Ozkan
- Department of Cardiology, Muş State Hospital, Muş, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Cihat Çelik
- Department of Cardiology, Hitit University Erol Olçok Education and Research Hospital, Corum, Turkey
| | - Macit Kalçık
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hitit University, Corum, Turkey
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Christensen SM, Varney C, Gupta V, Wenz L, Bays HE. Stress, psychiatric disease, and obesity: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 4:100041. [PMID: 37990662 PMCID: PMC10662113 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background Previous Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statements (CPS) included topics such as behavior modification, motivational interviewing, and eating disorders, as well as the effect of concomitant medications on weight gain/reduction (i.e., including psychiatric medications). This OMA CPS provides clinicians a more focused overview of stress and psychiatric disease as they relate to obesity. Methods The scientific support for this CPS is based upon published citations, clinical perspectives of OMA authors, and peer review by the Obesity Medicine Association leadership. Results Topics in this CPS include the relationship between psychological stress and obesity, including both acute and chronic stress. Additionally, this CPS describes the neurobiological pathways regarding stress and addiction-like eating behavior and explores the relationship between psychiatric disease and obesity, with an overview of psychiatric medications and their potential effects on weight gain and weight reduction. Conclusions This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) on stress and psychiatric disease is one of a series of OMA CPSs designed to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of obesity. Knowledge of stress, addiction-like eating behavior, psychiatric disease, and effects of psychiatric medications on body weight may improve the care obesity medicine clinicians provide to their patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Christensen
- Integrative Medical Weight Management, 2611 NE 125th St., Suite 100B, Seattle, WA, 98125, USA
| | - Catherine Varney
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia Bariatric Surgery, PO BOX 800729, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- 510 N Prospect Suite 301, Redondo Beach, California, 90277, USA
| | - Lori Wenz
- St. Mary's Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Clinic, 2440 N 11th St, Grand Junction, CO, 81501, USA
- Comprehensive Weight Management, Cayucos, CA, USA
| | - Harold Edward Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
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Lerario AM, Mohan DR, Hammer GD. Update on Biology and Genomics of Adrenocortical Carcinomas: Rationale for Emerging Therapies. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:1051-1073. [PMID: 35551369 PMCID: PMC9695111 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The adrenal glands are paired endocrine organs that produce steroid hormones and catecholamines required for life. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and often fatal cancer of the peripheral domain of the gland, the adrenal cortex. Recent research in adrenal development, homeostasis, and disease have refined our understanding of the cellular and molecular programs controlling cortical growth and renewal, uncovering crucial clues into how physiologic programs are hijacked in early and late stages of malignant neoplasia. Alongside these studies, genome-wide approaches to examine adrenocortical tumors have transformed our understanding of ACC biology, and revealed that ACC is composed of distinct molecular subtypes associated with favorable, intermediate, and dismal clinical outcomes. The homogeneous transcriptional and epigenetic programs prevailing in each ACC subtype suggest likely susceptibility to any of a plethora of existing and novel targeted agents, with the caveat that therapeutic response may ultimately be limited by cancer cell plasticity. Despite enormous biomedical research advances in the last decade, the only potentially curative therapy for ACC to date is primary surgical resection, and up to 75% of patients will develop metastatic disease refractory to standard-of-care adjuvant mitotane and cytotoxic chemotherapy. A comprehensive, integrated, and current bench-to-bedside understanding of our field's investigations into adrenocortical physiology and neoplasia is crucial to developing novel clinical tools and approaches to equip the one-in-a-million patient fighting this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marcondes Lerario
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
| | - Dipika R Mohan
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
| | - Gary D Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
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30
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Edomskis PP, Dik WA, Sparreboom CL, Nagtzaam NMA, van Oudenaren A, Lambrichts DPV, Bayon Y, van Dongen NNN, Menon AG, de Graaf EJR, Coene PPLO, Lange JF, Leenen PJM. Monocyte response after colorectal surgery: A prospective cohort study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1031216. [PMID: 36389839 PMCID: PMC9647000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1031216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor resection is the common approach in patients with colorectal malignancy. Profound insight into inflammatory changes that accompany the normal post-operative stress response will establish reference parameters useful for identification of putative complications. Alterations in circulating monocytes might be indicative as these cells are considered to be the most responsive leukocytes to trauma. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the monocyte subset kinetic and phenotypic changes in response to surgery. METHODS Fifty patients undergoing colorectal tumor resection were included in a multicenter prospective cohort study. Blood samples were collected early in the morning prior to surgery and the next days through postoperative day three for flowcytometric analysis. Leukocyte subtypes were identified and expression of activation stage-related markers by monocyte subsets was quantified. RESULTS Changes in leukocyte subset composition and monocyte subset phenotypes were most prominent at the first day postoperatively, after which these parameters typically returned to normal or near-normal preoperative values. The immunophenotypic alterations after surgery were most notable in classical and intermediate monocytes. These included up-regulation of activation markers CD64 and CD62L, but down-regulation of HLA-DR and CD54. Markers of de-activation, CD163 and CD206, were consistently increasingly expressed. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION The current study gives detailed insight into the peripheral blood leukocyte response after colorectal cancer surgery. This form of short-term stress induces a rapid and significant redistribution of immune cells. Immunophenotypic alterations in monocytes as a response to surgery suggest a mixed profile of cellular activation and de-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim P. Edomskis
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cloë L. Sparreboom
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole M. A. Nagtzaam
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adrie van Oudenaren
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Yves Bayon
- Medtronic - Sofradim Production, Trevoux, France
| | | | - Anand G. Menon
- Department of Surgery, IJsselland Ziekenhuis, Capelle aan den IJssel, Netherlands
| | - Eelco J. R. de Graaf
- Department of Surgery, IJsselland Ziekenhuis, Capelle aan den IJssel, Netherlands
| | | | - Johan F. Lange
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, IJsselland Ziekenhuis, Capelle aan den IJssel, Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. M. Leenen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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31
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Machado M, Peixoto D, Santos P, Ricardo A, Duarte I, Carvalho I, Aragão C, Azeredo R, Costas B. Tryptophan Modulatory Role in European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Immune Response to Acute Inflammation under Stressful Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012475. [PMID: 36293344 PMCID: PMC9604478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aimed to study the role of dietary tryptophan supplementation in modulating the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) immune condition during stressful rearing conditions (i.e., 15 days exposure to high density), as well as the immune response to acute inflammation after intraperitoneal injection of a bacterial pathogen. Stress alone did not compromise seabass health indicators. In contrast, a clear peripheral and local inflammatory response was observed in response to the inoculated bacteria. Moreover, exposure to a high stocking density seemed to exacerbate the inflammatory response at early sampling points, compared to fish stocked at a lower density. In contrast, stressed fish presented some immune-suppressing effects on the T-cell surface glycoprotein receptor expressions at a late sampling point following inflammation. Regarding the effects of dietary tryptophan, no changes were observed on seabass immune indicators prior to inflammation, while a small number of immunosuppressive effects were observed in response to inflammation, supporting tryptophan’s role in the promotion of immune-tolerance signals during inflammation. Nonetheless, tryptophan dietary supplementation improved the inflammatory response against a bacterial pathogen during stressful conditions, supported by a reduction of plasma cortisol levels, an up-regulation of several immune-related genes at 48 h, and an inversion of the previously observed, stress-induced T-cell suppression. Finally, the involvement of tryptophan catabolism in macrophages was confirmed by the up-regulation of genes involved in the kynurenine pathway. The present study brings new insights regarding the immune modulatory role of tryptophan during stressful conditions in fish, thus allowing for the development of novel prophylactic protocols during vaccination by intraperitoneal injection in the European seabass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Machado
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-223401800
| | - Diogo Peixoto
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Marina (INMAR), Universidad de Cádiz, 11003 Cádiz, Spain
| | - Paulo Santos
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Ricardo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Duarte
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Carvalho
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Aragão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Rita Azeredo
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Benjamín Costas
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
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Onisiforou A, Spyrou GM. Systems Bioinformatics Reveals Possible Relationship between COVID-19 and the Development of Neurological Diseases and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Viruses 2022; 14:v14102270. [PMID: 36298824 PMCID: PMC9611753 DOI: 10.3390/v14102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with increased incidence of neurological diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders after infection, but how it contributes to their development remains under investigation. Here, we investigate the possible relationship between COVID-19 and the development of ten neurological disorders and three neuropsychiatric disorders by exploring two pathological mechanisms: (i) dysregulation of host biological processes via virus-host protein-protein interactions (PPIs), and (ii) autoreactivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epitopes with host "self" proteins via molecular mimicry. We also identify potential genetic risk factors which in combination with SARS-CoV-2 infection might lead to disease development. Our analysis indicated that neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have a higher number of disease-associated biological processes that can be modulated by SARS-CoV-2 via virus-host PPIs than neuropsychiatric disorders. The sequence similarity analysis indicated the presence of several matching 5-mer and/or 6-mer linear motifs between SARS-CoV-2 epitopes with autoreactive epitopes found in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Myasthenia Gravis (MG) and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The results include autoreactive epitopes that recognize amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP), microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), acetylcholine receptors, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light polypeptide (NfL) and major myelin proteins. Altogether, our results suggest that there might be an increased risk for the development of NDs after COVID-19 both via autoreactivity and virus-host PPIs.
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Sernicola A, Colpo A, Leahu AI, Alaibac M. Granulocyte Apheresis: Can It Be Associated with Anti PD-1 Therapy for Melanoma? Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58101398. [PMID: 36295558 PMCID: PMC9607554 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the field of advanced melanoma, there is an urgent need to investigate novel approaches targeting specific components of the cancer–immunity cycle beyond immune checkpoint inhibitors. The authors reviewed the basic understanding of the role of neutrophils in cancer biology, and the latest clinical evidence supporting the correlation between cancer-associated neutrophils and the prognosis and response to the immunotherapy of advanced melanoma. Finally, they propose that granulocyte and monocyte apheresis, an emerging non-pharmacological treatment in current dermatology, could become an investigative treatment targeting melanoma-associated neutrophils which could be potentially used in combination with the usual immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvise Sernicola
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Colpo
- Apheresis Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Anca Irina Leahu
- Apheresis Unit, Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35122 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Wiencke JK, Molinaro AM, Warrier G, Rice T, Clarke J, Taylor JW, Wrensch M, Hansen H, McCoy L, Tang E, Tamaki SJ, Tamaki CM, Nissen E, Bracci P, Salas LA, Koestler DC, Christensen BC, Zhang Z, Kelsey KT. DNA methylation as a pharmacodynamic marker of glucocorticoid response and glioma survival. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5505. [PMID: 36127421 PMCID: PMC9486797 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33215-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing individual responses to glucocorticoid drug therapies that compromise immune status and affect survival outcomes in neuro-oncology is a great challenge. Here we introduce a blood-based neutrophil dexamethasone methylation index (NDMI) that provides a measure of the epigenetic response of subjects to dexamethasone. This marker outperforms conventional approaches based on leukocyte composition as a marker of glucocorticoid response. The NDMI is associated with low CD4 T cells and the accumulation of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells and also serves as prognostic factor in glioma survival. In a non-glioma population, the NDMI increases with a history of prednisone use. Therefore, it may also be informative in other conditions where glucocorticoids are employed. We conclude that DNA methylation remodeling within the peripheral immune compartment is a rich source of clinically relevant markers of glucocorticoid response.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Gayathri Warrier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Clarke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennie W Taylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucie McCoy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stan J Tamaki
- Parnassus Flow Cytometry CoLab, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Courtney M Tamaki
- Parnassus Flow Cytometry CoLab, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emily Nissen
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Paige Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lucas A Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Brock C Christensen
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Karl T Kelsey
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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35
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Varady NH, Schwab PE, Kheir MM, Dilley JE, Bedair H, Chen AF. Synovial Fluid and Serum Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio: Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Native Septic Arthritis in Adults. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2022; 104:1516-1522. [PMID: 35726876 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.21.01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Septic arthritis (SA) is a musculoskeletal emergency for which prompt diagnosis and treatment are critical. However, traditional diagnostic criteria of a synovial fluid (SF) white blood-cell count (WBC) of >50,000 cells/mm 3 or >90% polymorphonuclear leukocytes (%PMN) are not particularly sensitive or specific for the diagnosis of SA. Furthermore, prognostic markers are lacking. The purposes of this study were to assess the discriminative ability of the SF neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis of SA and of the serum NLR in the prognosis of SA. METHODS A multi-institution, retrospective study of 598 patients with native shoulder, hip, or knee SA in 2000 to 2018 was conducted. SF-NLR was calculated from the arthrocentesis cell count with differential. Receiver operating characteristic curves were analyzed, and the optimal threshold of SF-NLR for SA diagnosis was determined using the Youden index. Results were compared with traditional SF diagnostic criteria. Similar analyses assessed the association of serum NLR with 90-day treatment failure and mortality for the subset of patients with confirmed hip or knee SA and with serum complete blood-cell counts with differentials (n = 235). Results were compared with traditional serum prognostic markers (WBC, C-reactive protein [CRP], and erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR]). RESULTS The SF-NLR (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.85 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.82 to 0.88]) was significantly more accurate for an SA diagnosis than SF-WBC (AUC, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.76 to 0.83]; p = 0.002) and SF-%PMN (AUC, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.77 to 0.84]; p = 0.01). The optimal threshold of SF-NLR was 25 (78% sensitivity and 81% specificity), compared with >50,000 cells/mm 3 for SF-WBC (56% sensitivity and 80% specificity) and >90% for SF-%PMN (65% sensitivity and 78% specificity). Elevated serum NLR was independently associated with 90-day treatment failure (odds ratio [OR], 7.04 [95% CI, 3.78 to 13.14]; p < 0.001) and mortality (OR, 7.33 [95% CI, 2.00 to 26.92]; p = 0.003); elevated serum WBC and CRP were also associated with treatment failure, and WBC, CRP, and ESR were not associated with mortality. CONCLUSIONS This study provides compelling data on the superior diagnostic and prognostic ability of serum NLR and SF-NLR for SA compared with current clinical standards. Given that this biomarker requires no additional cost or time to return than current laboratory tests already being performed, pending validation, it can readily be used to aid clinicians in the diagnosis and prognostication of SA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic Level IV . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan H Varady
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Schwab
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Michael M Kheir
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Julian E Dilley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hany Bedair
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonia F Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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36
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Landscape and age dynamics of immune cells in the Egyptian rousette bat. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111305. [PMID: 36070695 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bats harbor high-impact zoonotic viruses often in the absence of disease manifestation. This restriction and disease tolerance possibly rely on specific immunological features. In-depth molecular characterization of cellular immunity and imprinting of age on leukocyte compartments remained unexplored in bats. We employ single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and establish immunostaining panels to characterize the immune cell landscape in juvenile, subadult, and adult Egyptian rousette bats (ERBs). Transcriptomic and flow cytometry data reveal conserved subsets and substantial enrichments of CD79a+ B cells and CD11b+ T cells in juvenile animals, whereas neutrophils, CD206+ myeloid cells, and CD3+ T cells dominate as bats reach adulthood. Despite differing frequencies, phagocytosis of circulating and tissue-resident myeloid cells and proliferation of peripheral and splenic lymphocytes are analogous in juvenile and adult ERBs. We provide a comprehensive map of the immune landscape in ERBs and show age-imprinted resilience progression and find that variability in cellular immunity only partly recapitulates mammalian archetypes.
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37
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Quail DF, Amulic B, Aziz M, Barnes BJ, Eruslanov E, Fridlender ZG, Goodridge HS, Granot Z, Hidalgo A, Huttenlocher A, Kaplan MJ, Malanchi I, Merghoub T, Meylan E, Mittal V, Pittet MJ, Rubio-Ponce A, Udalova IA, van den Berg TK, Wagner DD, Wang P, Zychlinsky A, de Visser KE, Egeblad M, Kubes P. Neutrophil phenotypes and functions in cancer: A consensus statement. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20220011. [PMID: 35522219 PMCID: PMC9086501 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first responders to infection and inflammation and are thus a critical component of innate immune defense. Understanding the behavior of neutrophils as they act within various inflammatory contexts has provided insights into their role in sterile and infectious diseases; however, the field of neutrophils in cancer is comparatively young. Here, we summarize key concepts and current knowledge gaps related to the diverse roles of neutrophils throughout cancer progression. We discuss sources of neutrophil heterogeneity in cancer and provide recommendations on nomenclature for neutrophil states that are distinct in maturation and activation. We address discrepancies in the literature that highlight a need for technical standards that ought to be considered between laboratories. Finally, we review emerging questions in neutrophil biology and innate immunity in cancer. Overall, we emphasize that neutrophils are a more diverse population than previously appreciated and that their role in cancer may present novel unexplored opportunities to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F. Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Borko Amulic
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Monowar Aziz
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Betsy J. Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY
| | - Evgeniy Eruslanov
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Zvi G. Fridlender
- Hadassah Medical Center, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Helen S. Goodridge
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute and Research Division of Immunology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Mariana J. Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- Tumour-Host Interaction Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Ludwig Collaborative and Swim Across America Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Etienne Meylan
- Lung Cancer and Immuno-Oncology Laboratory, Bordet Cancer Research Laboratories, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Anderlecht, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Neuberger Berman Foundation Lung Cancer Research Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mikael J. Pittet
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- AGORA Cancer Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rubio-Ponce
- Area of Cell and Developmental Biology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irina A. Udalova
- University of Oxford, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Oxford, UK
| | - Timo K. van den Berg
- Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Denisa D. Wagner
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ping Wang
- Center for Immunology and Inflammation, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | - Arturo Zychlinsky
- Department of Cellular Microbiology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karin E. de Visser
- Division of Tumour Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
- Banbury Center meeting organizers, Diverse Functions of Neutrophils in Cancer, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, NY
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
- Banbury Center meeting organizers, Diverse Functions of Neutrophils in Cancer, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, NY
| | - Paul Kubes
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Banbury Center meeting organizers, Diverse Functions of Neutrophils in Cancer, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York, NY
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Margraf A, Perretti M. Immune Cell Plasticity in Inflammation: Insights into Description and Regulation of Immune Cell Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111824. [PMID: 35681519 PMCID: PMC9180515 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a life-saving immune reaction occurring in response to invading pathogens. Nonetheless, inflammation can also occur in an uncontrolled, unrestricted manner, leading to chronic disease and organ damage. Mechanisms triggering an inflammatory response, hindering such a response, or leading to its resolution are well-studied but so far insufficiently elucidated with regard to precise therapeutic interventions. Notably, as an immune reaction evolves, requirements and environments for immune cells change, and thus cellular phenotypes adapt and shift, leading to the appearance of distinct cellular subpopulations with new functional features. In this article, we aim to highlight properties of, and overarching regulatory factors involved in, the occurrence of immune cell phenotypes with a special focus on neutrophils, macrophages and platelets. Additionally, we point out implications for both diagnostics and therapeutics in inflammation research.
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Chediack JG, Padrones MN, Ronchi GD, Arias RJ, Cid FD. Daily and fasting variation in blood parameters and H/L ratio in house sparrows (Passer domesticus). CAN J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2021-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fluctuations in food supply are frequent in nature during seasons, in different stages of annual cycle of animals and lately, climate change is a strong driving force that could affect food supply. An animal's capacity to resist fasting is, therefore, determined by its ability to store energy and control its allocation during periods of food restriction. Daily variations of metabolic substrates and their fluctuation during fasting are relevant to understand the acclimation to fasting. Since fasting is an ecological stressor, we investigated the daily variation of corticosterone levels in feeding and fasting in Passer domesticus Linnaeus, 1758 and its short-term effect on some biochemical parameters. We found daily variations in body mass, glucose, triglycerides, plasma total protein, uric acid and corticosterone. However, we did not find diurnal variations of hematocrit and the Heterophil:Lymphocyte ratio (H/L ratio). Moreover, we did not find sex-related differences in any parameter. Throughout fasting we found variations of glucose, triglycerides, total protein, uric acid, H/L ratio and corticosterone. During the photophase, biochemical and physiological responses to food deprivation contribute to the efficient use of resources in this small bird. In the course of fasting period corticosterone could be responsible of alterations of some blood parameters such as glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Germán Darío Ronchi
- Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 28240, Bioquímica, San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo José Arias
- Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, 63018, Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Fabricio Damián Cid
- Universidad Nacional de San Luis, 28240, Biología, San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
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40
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Nishioka R, Nishi Y, Choudhury ME, Miyaike R, Shinnishi A, Umakoshi K, Takada Y, Sato N, Aibiki M, Yano H, Tanaka J. Surgical stress quickly affects the numbers of circulating B-cells and neutrophils in murine septic and aseptic models through a β 2 adrenergic receptor. J Immunotoxicol 2022; 19:8-16. [PMID: 35232327 DOI: 10.1080/1547691x.2022.2029630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a pathology accompanied by increases in myeloid cells and decreases in lymphoid cells in circulation. In a murine sepsis model induced by cecum ligation and puncture (CLP), increasing numbers of neutrophils and decreasing levels of B-cells in circulation are among the earliest changes in the immune system. However, to date, the mechanisms for these changes remain to be elucidated. The study here sought to elucidate mechanisms underlying the changes in the leukocyte levels after CLP and also to determine what, if any, role for an involvement of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Here, male C57/BL6 mice were subjected to CLP or sham-CLP (abdominal wall incised, but cecum was not punctured). The changes in the number of circulating leukocytes over time were then investigated using flow cytometry. The results showed that a sham-CLP led to increased polymorphonuclear cells (PMN; most of which are neutrophils) and decreased B-cells in the circulation to an extent similar to that induced by CLP. Effects of adrenergic agonists and antagonists, as well as of adrenalectomy, were also examined in mice that underwent CLP or sham-CLP. Administering adrenaline or a β2 adrenergic receptor agonist (clenbuterol) to mice 3 h before sacrifice produced almost identical changes to as what was seen 2 h after performing a sham-CLP. In contrast, giving a β2 adrenergic receptor antagonist ICI118,551 1 h before a CLP or sham-CLP suppressed the expected changes 2 h after the operations. Noradrenaline and an α1 adrenergic receptor agonist phenylephrine did not exert significant effects. Adrenalectomy 24 h before a sham-CLP significantly abolished the expected sham-CLP-induced changes seen earlier. Clenbuterol increased splenocyte expression of Cxcr4 (a chemokine receptor gene); adrenalectomy abolished sham-CLP-induced Cxcr4 expression. A CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 repressed the sham-CLP-induced changes. From these results, it may be concluded that sepsis-induced activation of the SNS may be one cause for immune dysfunction in sepsis - regardless of the pathogenetic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Nishioka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan.,Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nishi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan.,Department of Hepato-biliary Pancreatic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Mohammed E Choudhury
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Riko Miyaike
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Ayataka Shinnishi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Kensuke Umakoshi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan.,Advanced Emergency and Critical Care Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Yasutsugu Takada
- Department of Hepato-biliary Pancreatic Surgery and Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Norio Sato
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Mayuki Aibiki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Hajime Yano
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
| | - Junya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Ehime University, Toon, Japan
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41
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Dahdah A, Johnson J, Gopalkrishna S, Jaggers RM, Webb D, Murphy AJ, Hanssen NMJ, Hanaoka BY, Nagareddy PR. Neutrophil Migratory Patterns: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:795784. [PMID: 35309915 PMCID: PMC8924299 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.795784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The body's inflammatory response involves a series of processes that are necessary for the immune system to mitigate threats from invading pathogens. Leukocyte migration is a crucial process in both homeostatic and inflammatory states. The mechanisms involved in immune cell recruitment to the site of inflammation are numerous and require several cascades and cues of activation. Immune cells have multiple origins and can be recruited from primary and secondary lymphoid, as well as reservoir organs within the body to generate an immune response to certain stimuli. However, no matter the origin, an important aspect of any inflammatory response is the web of networks that facilitates immune cell trafficking. The vasculature is an important organ for this trafficking, especially during an inflammatory response, mainly because it allows cells to migrate towards the source of insult/injury and serves as a reservoir for leukocytes and granulocytes under steady state conditions. One of the most active and vital leukocytes in the immune system's arsenal are neutrophils. Neutrophils exist under two forms in the vasculature: a marginated pool that is attached to the vessel walls, and a demarginated pool that freely circulates within the blood stream. In this review, we seek to present the current consensus on the mechanisms involved in leukocyte margination and demargination, with a focus on the role of neutrophil migration patterns during physio-pathological conditions, in particular diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Dahdah
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jillian Johnson
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sreejit Gopalkrishna
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert M. Jaggers
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Darren Webb
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Andrew J. Murphy
- Division of Immunometabolism, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nordin M. J. Hanssen
- Amsterdam Diabetes Centrum, Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Y. Hanaoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Prabhakara R. Nagareddy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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42
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Gray KJ, Gibbs JE. Adaptive immunity, chronic inflammation and the clock. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:209-224. [PMID: 35233691 PMCID: PMC8901482 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive arm of the immune system facilitates recognition of specific foreign pathogens and, via the action of T and B lymphocytes, induces a fine-tuned response to target the pathogen and develop immunological memory. The functionality of the adaptive immune system exhibits daily 24-h variation both in homeostatic processes (such as lymphocyte trafficking and development of T lymphocyte subsets) and in responses to challenge. Here, we discuss how the circadian clock exerts influence over the function of the adaptive immune system, considering the roles of cell intrinsic clockwork machinery and cell extrinsic rhythmic signals. Inappropriate or misguided actions of the adaptive immune system can lead to development of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis. Growing evidence indicates that disturbance of the circadian clock has negative impact on development and progression of these chronic inflammatory diseases and we examine current understanding of clock-immune interactions in the setting of these inflammatory conditions. A greater appreciation of circadian control of adaptive immunity will facilitate further understanding of mechanisms driving daily variation in disease states and drive improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Gray
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Julie E Gibbs
- Centre for Biological Timing, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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43
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Nemirovsky A, Ilan K, Lerner L, Cohen-Lavi L, Schwartz D, Goren G, Sergienko R, Greenberg D, Slonim-Nevo V, Sarid O, Friger M, Regev S, Odes S, Hertz T, Monsonego A. Brain-immune axis regulation is responsive to cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness intervention: Observations from a randomized controlled trial in patients with Crohn's disease. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 19:100407. [PMID: 35024638 PMCID: PMC8728050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease associated with psychological stress that is regulated primarily by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Here, we determined whether the psychological characteristics of CD patients associate with their inflammatory state, and whether a 3-month trial of cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based stress reduction (COBMINDEX) impacts their inflammatory process. METHODS Circulating inflammatory markers and a wide range of psychological parameters related to stress and well-being were measured in CD patients before and after COBMINDEX. Inflammatory markers in CD patients were also compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). RESULTS CD patients exhibited increased peripheral low-grade inflammation compared with HCs, demonstrated by interconnected inflammatory modules represented by IL-6, TNFα, IL-17, MCP-1 and IL-18. Notably, higher IL-18 levels correlated with higher score of stress and a lower score of wellbeing in CD patients. COBMINDEX was accompanied by changes in inflammatory markers that coincided with changes in cortisol: changes in serum levels of cortisol correlated positively with those of IL-10 and IFNα and negatively with those of MCP-1. Furthermore, inflammatory markers of CD patients at baseline predicted COBMINDEX efficacy, as higher levels of distinct cytokines and cortisol at baseline, correlated negatively with changes in disease activity (by Harvey-Bradshaw Index) and psychological distress (global severity index measure) following COBMINDEX. CONCLUSION CD patients have a characteristic immunological profile that correlates with psychological stress, and disease severity. We suggest that COBMINDEX induces stress resilience in CD patients, which impacts their well-being, and their disease-associated inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nemirovsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Zlotowski Neuroscience Center, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Karny Ilan
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Livnat Lerner
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Liel Cohen-Lavi
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Zlotowski Neuroscience Center, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Doron Schwartz
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Ganit Goren
- Spitzer Department of Social Work Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Ruslan Sergienko
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Dan Greenberg
- Department of Health Systems Management, School of Public Health, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Vered Slonim-Nevo
- Spitzer Department of Social Work Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Orly Sarid
- Spitzer Department of Social Work Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Michael Friger
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Shirley Regev
- Spitzer Department of Social Work Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Shmuel Odes
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Tomer Hertz
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Zlotowski Neuroscience Center, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alon Monsonego
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Zlotowski Neuroscience Center, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - on behalf of the Israeli IBD Research Nucleus (IIRN)
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- The National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Zlotowski Neuroscience Center, and Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Spitzer Department of Social Work Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Department of Health Systems Management, School of Public Health, Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Dept. of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Soroka Medical Center, and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
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44
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Lange T, Luebber F, Grasshoff H, Besedovsky L. The contribution of sleep to the neuroendocrine regulation of rhythms in human leukocyte traffic. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:239-254. [PMID: 35041075 PMCID: PMC8901522 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four-hour rhythms in immune parameters and functions are robustly observed phenomena in biomedicine. Here, we summarize the important role of sleep and associated parameters on the neuroendocrine regulation of rhythmic immune cell traffic to different compartments, with a focus on human leukocyte subsets. Blood counts of "stress leukocytes" such as neutrophils, natural killer cells, and highly differentiated cytotoxic T cells present a rhythm with a daytime peak. It is mediated by morning increases in epinephrine, leading to a mobilization of these cells out of the marginal pool into the circulation following a fast, beta2-adrenoceptor-dependent inhibition of adhesive integrin signaling. In contrast, other subsets such as eosinophils and less differentiated T cells are redirected out of the circulation during daytime. This is mediated by stimulation of the glucocorticoid receptor following morning increases in cortisol, which promotes CXCR4-driven leukocyte traffic, presumably to the bone marrow. Hence, these cells show highest numbers in blood at night when cortisol levels are lowest. Sleep adds to these rhythms by actively suppressing epinephrine and cortisol levels. In addition, sleep increases levels of immunosupportive mediators, such as aldosterone and growth hormone, which are assumed to promote T-cell homing to lymph nodes, thus facilitating the initiation of adaptive immune responses during sleep. Taken together, sleep-wake behavior with its unique neuroendocrine changes regulates human leukocyte traffic with overall immunosupportive effects during nocturnal sleep. In contrast, integrin de-activation and redistribution of certain leukocytes to the bone marrow during daytime activity presumably serves immune regulation and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. .,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Finn Luebber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Social Neuroscience Lab, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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45
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Etzel L, Apsley AT, Mattern BC, Hastings WJ, Heller T, Ram N, Siegel SR, Shalev I. Immune cell dynamics in response to an acute laboratory stressor: a within-person between-group analysis of the biological impact of early life adversity. Stress 2022; 25:347-356. [PMID: 36404775 PMCID: PMC9704543 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2022.2148100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life adversity (ELA) is a risk factor for early onset morbidities and mortality, a relationship that may be driven in part by immune system dysregulation. One mechanism of dysregulation that has yet to be fully examined in the context of ELA is alterations to immune cell dynamics in response to acute stress. Using a within-person between-group experimental design, we investigated stress-induced changes in immune cell populations, and how these changes may be altered in individuals with a history of ELA. Participants were young adults (N = 34, aged 18-25 years, 53% female, 47% with a history of ELA). Complete immune cell counts were measured at four time-points over a 5-hour window across two sessions (Trier Social Stress Test [TSST] vs. no-stress) separated by a week. Across all participants, total white blood cells increased over time (F(3,84)=38.97, p < .001) with a greater increase in response to the TSST compared to the no-stress condition at 240 minutes post-test (b = 0.43±.19; t(179)=2.22, p = .027). This pattern was mirrored by neutrophil counts. Lymphocyte counts were initially depressed by TSST exposure (b =-205±.67; t(184)=-3.07, p = .002) but recovered above baseline. ELA status was associated with higher stress-induced immune cell counts, a difference likely driven by increases in neutrophils (F(1,22)=4.45, p = .046). Overall, these results indicate differential immune cell dynamics in response to acute stress in individuals with a history of ELA. This points to altered immune system functioning in the context of stress, a finding that may be driving increased morbidity and mortality risk for ELA-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Etzel
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Abner T. Apsley
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Brooke C. Mattern
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Waylon J. Hastings
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Heller
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nilam Ram
- Department of Psychology and Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sue Rutherford Siegel
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Idan Shalev
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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Kuhn MR, Haffner-Luntzer M, Kempter E, Reber SO, Ichinose H, Vacher J, Ignatius A, Tschaffon-Müller MEA. Myeloid cell-derived catecholamines influence bone turnover and regeneration in mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:997745. [PMID: 36187089 PMCID: PMC9520980 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.997745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholamine signaling is known to influence bone tissue as reuptake of norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerves into bone cells declines with age leading to osteoporosis. Further, β-adrenoceptor-blockers like propranolol provoke osteoprotective effects in osteoporotic patients. However, besides systemic adrenal and sympathetic catecholamine production, it is also known that myeloid cells can synthesize catecholamines, especially under inflammatory conditions. To investigate the effects of catecholamines produced by CD11b+ myeloid cells on bone turnover and regeneration, a mouse line with specific knockout of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of catecholamine synthesis, in CD11b+ myeloid cells (THflox/flox/CD11b-Cre+, referred to as THCD11b-Cre) was generated. For bone phenotyping, male mice were sacrificed at eight and twelve weeks of age and harvested bones were subjected to bone length measurement, micro-computed tomography, fluorescence-activated cell sorting of the bone marrow, gene expression analysis, histology and immunohistochemistry. Support for an age-dependent influence of myeloid cell-derived catecholamines on bone homeostasis is provided by the fact that twelve-week-old, but not eight-week-old THCD11b-Cre mice, developed an osteopenic phenotype and showed increased numbers of neutrophils and T lymphocytes in the bone marrow, while CCL2, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression was reduced in sorted myeloid bone marrow cells. To investigate the influence of myeloid cell-derived catecholamines on fracture healing, mice received a diaphyseal femur osteotomy. Three days post-fracture, immunohistochemistry revealed an increased number of macrophages, neutrophils and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the fracture hematoma of THCD11b-Cre mice. Micro-computed tomography on day 21 showed a decreased tissue mineral density, a reduced bone volume and less trabeculae in the fracture callus indicating delayed fracture healing, probably due to the increased presence of inflammatory cells in THCD11b-Cre mice. This indicates a crucial role of myeloid cell-derived catecholamines in immune cell-bone cell crosstalk and during fracture healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie R. Kuhn
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Haffner-Luntzer
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Melanie Haffner-Luntzer, ; Miriam E. A. Tschaffon-Müller,
| | - Elena Kempter
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan O. Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Ichinose
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jean Vacher
- Department of Medicine, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Miriam E. A. Tschaffon-Müller
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Melanie Haffner-Luntzer, ; Miriam E. A. Tschaffon-Müller,
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47
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Hinterdobler J, Schunkert H, Kessler T, Sager HB. Impact of Acute and Chronic Psychosocial Stress on Vascular Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1531-1550. [PMID: 34293932 PMCID: PMC8713271 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Atherosclerosis and its complications, such as acute coronary syndromes, are the leading causes of death worldwide. A wide range of inflammatory processes substantially contribute to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition, epidemiological studies strongly associate both chronic stress and acute psychosocial stress with the occurrence of CVDs. Recent Advances: Extensive research during recent decades has not only identified major pathways in cardiovascular inflammation but also revealed a link between psychosocial factors and the immune system in the context of atherosclerosis. Both chronic and acute psychosocial stress drive systemic inflammation via neuroimmune interactions and promote atherosclerosis progression. Critical Issues: The associations human epidemiological studies found between psychosocial stress and cardiovascular inflammation have been substantiated by additional experimental studies in mice and humans. However, we do not yet fully understand the mechanisms through which psychosocial stress drives cardiovascular inflammation; consequently, specific treatment, although urgently needed, is lacking. Future Directions: Psychosocial factors are increasingly acknowledged as risk factors for CVD and are currently treated via behavioral interventions. Additional mechanistic insights might provide novel pharmacological treatment options to reduce stress-related morbidity and mortality. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1531-1550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hinterdobler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B. Sager
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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48
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Turner J, Licollari A, Mihalcea E, Tan A. Safety Evaluation for Restorin® NMN, a NAD+ Precursor. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:749727. [PMID: 34867355 PMCID: PMC8632654 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.749727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NAD+ is an abundant molecule in the body and vital to all living cells. NAD+ levels decline with age, and this decline correlates with age-related diseases. Therefore, sustaining NAD+ levels offers potential benefits to healthspan and longevity. Here we conducted toxicity studies to evaluate the safety of Restorin® NMN, a high purity form of the direct NAD+ precursor, β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Based on the preliminary toxicity study and a 14-days repeated dose toxicity study at a higher dose level exposure, Restorin® NMN was administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats for 91 days followed by a 14-days recovery period. The oral doses of 500, 1,000, and 2000 mg/kg/day were compared. There were no test item-related findings that could be considered adverse events in animals dosed at 500 mg/kg/day. The findings in the Restorin® NMN high dose group (2000 mg/kg/day) were similar to the reference item (Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride) dosed at 1740 mg/kg/day: reduced body weight, reductions in body weight gains, and diminished food consumption. In conclusion, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) for Restorin® NMN is 1,000 mg/kg/day in female rats and 500 mg/kg/day in male rats, and the Low-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (LOAEL) for Resotrin® NMN is 2000 mg/kg/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Turner
- US Scientific Corp, Dover, DE, United States
| | - Albert Licollari
- Nucro-Technics, a Division of Vimy Ridge Group LTD, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emil Mihalcea
- Nucro-Technics, a Division of Vimy Ridge Group LTD, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Aimin Tan
- Nucro-Technics, a Division of Vimy Ridge Group LTD, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Homeostatic Regulation of Glucocorticoid Receptor Activity by Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1: From Physiology to Clinic. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123441. [PMID: 34943949 PMCID: PMC8699886 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) represent a well-known class of lipophilic steroid hormones biosynthesised, with a circadian rhythm, by the adrenal glands in humans and by the inter-renal tissue in teleost fish (e.g., zebrafish). GCs play a key role in the regulation of numerous physiological processes, including inflammation, glucose, lipid, protein metabolism and stress response. This is achieved through binding to their cognate receptor, GR, which functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor. Due to their potent anti-inflammatory and immune-suppressive action, synthetic GCs are broadly used for treating pathological disorders that are very often linked to hypoxia (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory, allergic, infectious, and autoimmune diseases, among others) as well as to prevent graft rejections and against immune system malignancies. However, due to the presence of adverse effects and GC resistance their therapeutic benefits are limited in patients chronically treated with steroids. For this reason, understanding how to fine-tune GR activity is crucial in the search for novel therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing GC-related side effects and effectively restoring homeostasis. Recent research has uncovered novel mechanisms that inhibit GR function, thereby causing glucocorticoid resistance, and has produced some surprising new findings. In this review we analyse these mechanisms and focus on the crosstalk between GR and HIF signalling. Indeed, its comprehension may provide new routes to develop novel therapeutic targets for effectively treating immune and inflammatory response and to simultaneously facilitate the development of innovative GCs with a better benefits-risk ratio.
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Boyuk F. The role of the multi-inflammatory index as a novel inflammation-related index in the differential diagnosis of massive and non-massive pulmonary embolism. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14966. [PMID: 34626044 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic inflammatory response and pro-coagulator factors are critical in acute pulmonary embolism. Recently, there is increasing evidence that the multi-inflammatory index (MII) may be prognostic in many clinical situations. The study investigated whether MII-1 and MII-2 can distinguish massive (MPE) and non-massive pulmonary embolism (NMPE). METHODS A total of 146 patients (73 MPE and 73 NMPE) were included in the study that was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Following haemogram analysis, MII-1 (platelet-to-lymphocyte x CRP) and MII-2 (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte x CRP) were calculated manually. RESULTS MII-1 and 2 showed a positive significant correlation with PLR and NLR, moderate positive correlation with CPR, and weak positive correlation with PAP (P < .001). CRP, MII-1, MII-2, PAP and systolic BP variables showed strong diagnostic value in distinguishing MPE and NMPE [AUC (SE): 0.816 (0.037), 0.811 (0.038), 0.810 (0.037), 0.870 (0.032) and 0.864 (0.032); respectively] (P < .001). MPR, MPV, RDW, and PLR in distinguishing MPE and NMPE groups did not show significance (P > .05). CONCLUSION Although MII-1 and MII-2 are simple, cheap, and easy indexes to calculate, they showed a strong ability to distinguish MPE and NMPE compared with the previously studied classical inflammatory indexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferit Boyuk
- Department of Cardiology, Yedikule Chest Diseases and Thoracic Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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