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Tu AB, Krishna G, Smith KR, Lewis JS. Harnessing Immunomodulatory Polymers for Treatment of Autoimmunity, Allergy, and Transplant Rejection. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 26:415-440. [PMID: 38959388 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-110122-014306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmunity, allergy, and transplant rejection are a collection of chronic diseases that are currently incurable, drastically decrease patient quality of life, and consume considerable health care resources. Underlying each of these diseases is a dysregulated immune system that results in the mounting of an inflammatory response against self or an innocuous antigen. As a consequence, afflicted patients are required to adhere to lifelong regimens of multiple immunomodulatory drugs to control disease and reclaim agency. Unfortunately, current immunomodulatory drugs are associated with a myriad of side effects and adverse events, such as increased risk of cancer and increased risk of serious infection, which negatively impacts patient adherence rates and quality of life. The field of immunoengineering is a new discipline that aims to harness endogenous biological pathways to thwart disease and minimize side effects using novel biomaterial-based strategies. We highlight and discuss polymeric micro/nanoparticles with inherent immunomodulatory properties that are currently under investigation in biomaterial-based therapies for treatment of autoimmunity, allergy, and transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen B Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Gaddam Krishna
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Kevin R Smith
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
| | - Jamal S Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA;
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2
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Sun L, Yang B, Lin Y, Gao M, Yang Y, Cui X, Hao Q, Liu Y, Wang C. Dynamic bond crosslinked maca polysaccharide hydrogels with reactive oxygen species scavenging and antibacterial effects on infected wound healing. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133471. [PMID: 38942406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a polysaccharide fragment with antioxidant and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities was extracted from Maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp.) and subjected to structural analyses. The fragment, characterized by the α-D-Glcp-(1 → terminal group of the main chain linked to the →4)-Glcp-(1 → end unit through an O-6 bond and the O-3 bond of 1-3-4Glcp, was modified by introducing dialdehyde structures on its glucose units. It was then crosslinked with N-carboxymethyl chitosan via the Schiff base reaction to create a multifunctional hydrogel with antibacterial and ROS scavenging properties. Polyvinyl alcohol was incorporated to form a double crosslinked gel network, and the addition of silver nanoparticles enhanced its antibacterial efficacy. This gel system can scavenge excess ROS, mitigate wound inflammation, eradicate harmful bacteria, and aid in the restoration of skin microecology. The multifunctional maca polysaccharide hydrogel shows significant potential as a medical dressing for the treatment of infected wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Boyuan Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yameng Lin
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Mingju Gao
- Wenshan University, Wenshan 663099, China
| | - Ye Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiuming Cui
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qian Hao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Chengxiao Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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3
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Chuaychu SB, Sirisereewan C, Techakriengkrai N, Tummaruk P, Thanawongnuwech R, Nedumpun T. Enhancement of systemic virus-specific T lymphocyte responses in pigs supplemented with algae-derived β-glucan. Vet J 2024; 306:106182. [PMID: 38897378 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Algae-derived β-glucan has been widely used as a feed additive in the swine industry. The supplementation of β-glucan aims to improve growth performance and modulate the immunity of pigs. However, the potential effects of supplementing β-glucan from algae on immune responses in pigs-specifically antigen-specific immunity-must be determined. In this study, the effects of algae-derived β-glucan supplementation on growth performance, virus neutralising antibody and virus-specific T lymphocytes responses were investigated in pigs. Piglets (n=112 per treatment) were assigned to three treatments including non-supplemented group (control), β-glucan 100 g/ton supplemented group (BG100), and β-glucan 200 g/ton supplemented group (BG200). In this study, production performance of pigs was not found to be different between the experimental groups. Pigs supplemented with β-glucan exhibited high levels of classical swine fever virus (CSFV)-specific producing T lymphocytes and neutralising antibody titer, compared to the control group. Interestingly, supplementation of β-glucan significantly enhanced porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-specific interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) producing T lymphocytes, including CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+CD8+ T lymphocyte subpopulations. Moreover, PRRS modified live vaccine (MLV) viremia was reduced in earlier for β-glucan-supplemented pigs compared to the control group. The findings indicate that the algae-derived β-glucan possesses biological potential as an immunomodulatory substance to enhance antiviral immunity, which may contribute to disease resistance in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh B Chuaychu
- International Graduate Program of Veterinary Science and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - C Sirisereewan
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - N Techakriengkrai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - P Tummaruk
- Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - R Thanawongnuwech
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - T Nedumpun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Ma G, Li X, Tao Q, Ma S, Du H, Hu Q, Xiao H. Impacts of preparation technologies on biological activities of edible mushroom polysaccharides - novel insights for personalized nutrition achievement. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38821105 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2352796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Edible mushroom polysaccharides (EMPs) as a natural macromolecular carbohydrate have a very complex structure and composition. EMPs are considered ideal candidates for developing healthy products and functional foods and have received significant research attention due to their unique physiological activities such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor/cancer, gut microbiota regulation, metabolism improvement, and nervous system protection. The structure and monosaccharide composition of edible mushroom polysaccharides have an unknown relationship with their functional activity, which has not been widely studied. Therefore, we summarized the preparation techniques of EMPs and discussed the association between functional activity, preparation methods, structure and composition of EMPs, laying a theoretical foundation for the personalized nutritional achievements of EMP. We also establish the foundation for the further investigation and application of EMPs as novel functional foods and healthy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxing Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Tao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sai Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengjun Du
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Dore MP, Pes GM. Trained Immunity and Trained Tolerance: The Case of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5856. [PMID: 38892046 PMCID: PMC11172748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Trained immunity is a concept in immunology in which innate immune cells, such as monocytes and macrophages, exhibit enhanced responsiveness and memory-like characteristics following initial contact with a pathogenic stimulus that may promote a more effective immune defense following subsequent contact with the same pathogen. Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that colonizes the stomach lining, is etiologically associated with various gastrointestinal diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, MALT lymphoma, and extra gastric disorders. It has been demonstrated that repeated exposure to H. pylori can induce trained immunity in the innate immune cells of the gastric mucosa, which become more responsive and better able to respond to subsequent H. pylori infections. However, interactions between H. pylori and trained immunity are intricate and produce both beneficial and detrimental effects. H. pylori infection is characterized histologically as the presence of both an acute and chronic inflammatory response called acute-on-chronic inflammation, or gastritis. The clinical outcomes of ongoing inflammation include intestinal metaplasia, gastric atrophy, and dysplasia. These same mechanisms may also reduce immunotolerance and trigger autoimmune pathologies in the host. This review focuses on the relationship between trained immunity and H. pylori and underscores the dynamic interplay between the immune system and the pathogen in the context of gastric colonization and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pina Dore
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Clinica Medica, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza Blvd, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Giovanni Mario Pes
- Dipartimento di Medicina, Chirurgia e Farmacia, University of Sassari, Clinica Medica, Viale San Pietro 8, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
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Amaral AR, Risolia LW, Rentas MF, Marchi PH, Balieiro JCDC, Vendramini THA, Brunetto MA. Translating Human and Animal Model Studies to Dogs' and Cats' Veterinary Care: Beta-Glucans Application for Skin Disease, Osteoarthritis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Management. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1071. [PMID: 38930453 PMCID: PMC11205328 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of beta-glucans in dog and cat food is associated with numerous beneficial effects on the health of these animals. In this regard, there is an effort to elucidate the potential of this nutraceutical in chronic patients. Since there is a lack of a review on the topic, this review article aims to compile and discuss the evidence found to date. Atopic dermatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and osteoarthritis are diseases of significant clinical relevance in dogs and cats. In general, the pathophysiology of these chronic conditions is related to immune-mediated and inflammatory mechanisms. Therefore, the immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of beta-glucans are highlighted throughout this review. The available information seems to indicate that the studies on beta-glucans' impact on allergic processes in dogs indicate a reduction in clinical signs in atopic dermatitis cases. Additionally, while beta-glucans show promise as a safe supplement, particularly for osteoarthritis, further clinical trials are imperative, especially in uncontrolled environments. Beta-glucans emerge as a potential nutraceutical offering immune benefits for inflammatory bowel disease patients, although extensive research is required to define its optimal origin, molecular weight, dosage, and specific applications across animals suffering from this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Rodrigues Amaral
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil;
| | - Larissa Wünsche Risolia
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (L.W.R.); (M.F.R.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Mariana Fragoso Rentas
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (L.W.R.); (M.F.R.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Pedro Henrique Marchi
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (L.W.R.); (M.F.R.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Júlio Cesar de Carvalho Balieiro
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (L.W.R.); (M.F.R.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Thiago Henrique Annibale Vendramini
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil;
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (L.W.R.); (M.F.R.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
| | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- Veterinary Nutrology Service, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil;
- Pet Nutrology Research Center (CEPEN-PET), Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil; (L.W.R.); (M.F.R.); (P.H.M.); (J.C.d.C.B.)
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Jesus S, Panão Costa J, Colaço M, Lebre F, Mateus D, Sebastião AI, Cruz MT, Alfaro-Moreno E, Borges O. Exploring the immunomodulatory properties of glucan particles in human primary cells. Int J Pharm 2024; 655:123996. [PMID: 38490404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory properties of β-glucans have sparked interest among various medical fields. As vaccine adjuvants, glucan particles offer additional advantages as antigen delivery systems. This study reported the immunomodulatory properties of glucan particles with different size and chemical composition. The effect of glucan microparticles (GPs) and glucan nanoparticles (Glu 130 and 355 NPs) was evaluated on human immune cells. While GPs and Glu 355 NPs demonstrated substantial interaction with Dectin-1 receptor on monocytes, Glu 130 NPs exhibited reduced activation of this receptor. This observation was substantiated by blocking Dectin-1, resulting in inhibition of reactive oxygen species production induced by GPs and Glu 355 NPs. Notably, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) stimulated by Glu 355 NPs exhibited phenotypic and functional maturation, essential for antigen cross-presentation. The immunomodulatory efficacy was investigated using an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), resulting in considerable rates of lymphocyte proliferation and an intriguing profile of cytokine and chemokine release. Our findings highlight the importance of meticulously characterizing the size and chemical composition of β-glucan particles to draw accurate conclusions regarding their immunomodulatory activity. This in vitro model mimics the human cellular immune response, and the results obtained endorse the use of β-glucan-based delivery systems as future vaccine adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jesus
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Panão Costa
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mariana Colaço
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Filipa Lebre
- Nanosafety Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga, Portugal
| | - Daniela Mateus
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Isabel Sebastião
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria T Cruz
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Olga Borges
- CNC-UC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB - Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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Zhang S, Zhang X, Gao H, Zhang X, Sun L, Huang Y, Zhang J, Ding B. Cell Membrane-Coated Biomimetic Nanoparticles in Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:531. [PMID: 38675192 PMCID: PMC11055162 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems hold promise for cancer treatment by enhancing the solubility and stability of anti-tumor drugs. Nonetheless, the challenges of inadequate targeting and limited biocompatibility persist. In recent years, cell membrane nano-biomimetic drug delivery systems have emerged as a focal point of research and development, due to their exceptional traits, including precise targeting, low toxicity, and good biocompatibility. This review outlines the categorization and advantages of cell membrane bionic nano-delivery systems, provides an introduction to preparation methods, and assesses their applications in cancer treatment, including chemotherapy, gene therapy, immunotherapy, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and combination therapy. Notably, the review delves into the challenges in the application of various cell membrane bionic nano-delivery systems and identifies opportunities for future advancement. Embracing cell membrane-coated biomimetic nanoparticles presents a novel and unparalleled avenue for personalized tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 214122, China;
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (X.Z.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (X.Z.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.H.)
| | - Huan Gao
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (X.Z.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.H.)
| | - Xiaoqin Zhang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (X.Z.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.H.)
| | - Lidan Sun
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (X.Z.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yueyan Huang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (X.Z.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.H.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (X.Z.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.H.)
| | - Baoyue Ding
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; (X.Z.); (H.G.); (X.Z.); (L.S.); (Y.H.)
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Chen X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Hu Q, Zhao R, Zhong L, Zhan Q, Zhao L. Structure and immunostimulatory activity studies on two novel Flammulina velutipes polysaccharides: revealing potential impacts of →6)-α-D-Glc p(1→ on the TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. Food Funct 2024; 15:3507-3521. [PMID: 38465397 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05468c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Two novel Flammulina velutipes (F. velutipes) polysaccharides, FVPH1 and FVPH2, were isolated and purified after hot water extraction. The structural characterization revealed that the backbone of FVPH1 consisted mainly of →6)-α-D-Glcp(1→, →3,4)-α-D-Galp(1→, →4)-α-L-Fucp(1→, and →4)-β-D-Manp(1→, while the backbone of FVPH2 consisted of →3)-α-D-Galp(1→, →3,4)-α-D-Manp(1→,→6)-α-D-Glcp(1→. The branches of FVPH1 contained →6)-α-D-Glcp(1→ and α-D-Glcp(1→ and the branches of FVPH2 consisted of →3)-α-D-Galp(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp(1→, and β-L-Fucp(1→. FVPH2 exhibited significantly better immunostimulatory activity than FVPH1 (P < 0.05), as evidenced by the increased expression of NO, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α and pinocytic activity of RAW264.7 cells. As the most abundant structure in the polysaccharides of F. velutipes, the content of →6)-α-D-Glcp(1→ might play a crucial role in influencing the immunostimulatory activity of F. velutipes polysaccharides. The F. velutipes polysaccharide with a lower content of →6)-α-D-Glcp(1→ and a higher branching degree could significantly enhance the immunostimulatory activity of F. velutipes polysaccharides via activating the TLR-4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Jingsi Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Yifan Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Qiuhui Hu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Ruiqiu Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
- College of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Qiping Zhan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
| | - Liyan Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, P. R. China.
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10
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Morgan AN, Fogelson SB, Wills PS, Mincer T, Mejri S, Page A. Hematological changes in Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) supplemented with β-glucan and Pediococcus acidilactici synbiotic. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 104:1091-1111. [PMID: 38174614 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Florida pompano (Trachinotus carolinus) are a species of growing interest for commercial aquaculture. Effective health monitoring is crucial to the successful growout of the species, and prophylactic and therapeutic use of chemicals and antibiotics has been the traditional strategy for promoting stock health. However, concerns about antimicrobial resistance, chemical residues in seafood products and the environment, and resultant immunosuppression have prompted the industry to identify alternative management strategies, including supplementation with prebiotics, probiotics, and combinations of both (synbiotics). The objectives of this study are to determine and compare hematological, plasma biochemical, and plasma protein electrophoresis data of synbiotic-supplemented (β-glucan and Pediococcus acidilactici) and non-supplemented Florida pompano. Reference intervals for blood analytes are provided for both groups and for subgroups (females, males, large, and small fish) where statistically significant results exist. There are no differences between the hematological and plasma biochemistry analytes between the supplemented and control groups, except for blood urea nitrogen and carbon dioxide, indicating a possible effect of synbiotic supplementation on gill function and osmoregulation. Sex-related and size-related differences are observed within each of the control and supplemented groups; however, biometric measurements do not strongly correlate with blood analytes. These data represent baseline hematological and plasma biochemical data in the Florida pompano and indicate the safety of synbiotic supplementation in this commercially important species. This study serves to further the commercialization of Florida pompano by providing blood analyte reference intervals for health monitoring in the aquaculture setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley N Morgan
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | | | - Paul S Wills
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Tracy Mincer
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Sahar Mejri
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | - Annie Page
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
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11
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Bano S, Khan N, Fatima M, Khalique A, Arslan M, Nazir S, Asghar M, Khizar A, Davies SJ, Wan AHL. Enhancing farmed striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) robustness through dietary β-glucan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298414. [PMID: 38483918 PMCID: PMC10939287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
β-glucan is a well-documented feed additive for its potent immunostimulatory properties in many farmed fish species. This study examined how it can also be a promising growth promoter, modulate antioxidant enzyme activities, and act as an anti-stress agent in striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus). A 12-week feeding experiment was untaken to determine the effects of dietary β-glucan supplementation at graded levels (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g kg-1). Measured indicators suggest that a dietary inclusion level of 1.5 g kg-1 β-glucan gave the highest positive responses: weight gain (120.10 g fish-1), survival (98.30%), and lower FCR (1.70) (P<0.05). Whole body proximate analysis had only revealed that crude protein was significantly affected by the dietary inclusion of β-glucan (P<0.05), with the highest protein content (19.70%) being in fish that were fed with 1.5 g kg-1 β-glucan. Although other inclusion levels (i.e., 0.5 and 1 g kg-1) of β-glucan did not enhance body protein content (P>0.05). The assessment of fatty acid composition in muscle, liver, and adipose tissues showed modifications with the inclusion of β-glucan. Antioxidative-related enzyme activities (inc. catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) that were measured in the liver had higher levels when fed with β-glucan inclusion diets (P<0.05). Following the feed trial, fish were subjected to crowding stress treatment. It was subsequently found that catfish fed with β-glucan-based diet groups had lower levels of blood stress-related indicators compared to the control group with no dietary β-glucan. The use of 1.5 g kg-1 of dietary β-glucan resulted in the lowest measured levels of cortisol (43.13 ng mL-1) and glucose (50.16 mg dL-1). This study has demonstrated that the dietary inclusion of β-glucan can have functional benefits beyond the immunological enhancements in striped catfish. Furthermore, its use can increase production levels and mitigate the stress associated with intensive farming practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeza Bano
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Khan
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahroze Fatima
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Khalique
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Murat Arslan
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sadia Nazir
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khizar
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Simon John Davies
- Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit (ANRU), Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Carna, Connemara, Co. Galway, Ireland
| | - Alex H. L. Wan
- Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit (ANRU), Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Carna, Connemara, Co. Galway, Ireland
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12
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Boulifa A, Raftery MJ, Franzén AS, Radecke C, Stintzing S, Blohmer JU, Pecher G. Role of beta-(1→3)(1→6)-D-glucan derived from yeast on natural killer (NK) cells and breast cancer cell lines in 2D and 3D cultures. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:339. [PMID: 38486205 PMCID: PMC10938759 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-(1,3)(1,6)-D-glucan is a complex polysaccharide, which is found in the cell wall of various fungi, yeasts, bacteria, algae, barley, and oats and has immunomodulatory, anticancer and antiviral effects. In the present study, we investigated the effect of beta-(1,3)(1,6)-D-glucan derived from yeast on the proliferation of primary NK cells and breast cancer cell lines in 2D and 3D models, and on the cytotoxicity of primary NK cells against breast cancer cell lines in 2D and 3D models. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effects of different concentrations of yeast-derived beta-(1→3)(1→6)-D-glucan on the proliferation and cytotoxicity of human NK cells and breast cancer cell lines in 2D and 3D models using the XTT cell proliferation assay and the CellTiter-Glo® 2.0 assay to determine the cytotoxicity of human NK cells on breast cancer cell lines in 2D and 3D models. RESULTS We found that the co-incubation of NK cells with beta-glucan in the absence of IL2 at 48 h significantly increased the proliferation of NK cells, whereas the co-incubation of NK cells with beta-glucan in the presence of IL2 (70 U/ml) increased the proliferation of NK cells but not significantly. Moreover, beta-glucan significantly inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cell lines in 2D model and induced a weak, non-significant growth inhibitory effect on breast cancer multicellular tumor spheroids (3D). In addition, the cytotoxicity of NK cells against breast cancer cell lines was examined in 2D and 3D models, and beta-glucan significantly increased the cytotoxicity of NK cells against MCF-7 (in 2D). CONCLUSIONS Yeast derived beta-(1,3)(1,6)-D-glucan could contribute to the treatment of cancer by enhancing NK cell immune response as well as contributing to inhibition of breast cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhadi Boulifa
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
- Competence Center of Immuno-Oncology and Translational Cell Therapy (KITZ), Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Martin J Raftery
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
- Competence Center of Immuno-Oncology and Translational Cell Therapy (KITZ), Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Alexander Sebastian Franzén
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
- Competence Center of Immuno-Oncology and Translational Cell Therapy (KITZ), Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Clarissa Radecke
- Competence Center of Immuno-Oncology and Translational Cell Therapy (KITZ), Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Competence Center of Immuno-Oncology and Translational Cell Therapy (KITZ), Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Jens-Uwe Blohmer
- Department of Gynecology with Breast Center Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Gabriele Pecher
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
- Competence Center of Immuno-Oncology and Translational Cell Therapy (KITZ), Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, 10117, Germany.
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13
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Ganie SA, Rather LJ, Assiri MA, Li Q. Recent innovations (2020-2023) in the approaches for the chemical functionalization of curdlan and pullulan: A mini-review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129412. [PMID: 38262826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Chemical modification represents a highly efficacious approach for enhancing the physicochemical characteristics and biological functionalities of natural polysaccharides. However, not all polysaccharides have considerable pharmacologic activity; so, appropriate chemical modification strategies can be selected in accordance with the distinct structural properties of polysaccharides to aid in improving and encouraging the presentation of their biological activities. Hence, there has been a growing interest in the chemical alteration of polysaccharides due to their various properties such as antioxidant, anticoagulant, antiviral, anticancer, biomedical, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory effects. This paper offers a comprehensive examination of recent scientific advancements produced over the past four years in the realm of unique chemical and functional modifications in curdlan and pullulan structures. This review aims to provide readers with an overview of the structural activity correlations observed in the backbone structures of curdlan and pullulan, as well as the diverse chemical modification processes employed for these polysaccharides. Additionally, the review aims to examine the effects of combining various bioactive molecules with chemically modified curdlan and pullulan and explore their potential applications in various important fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkat Ali Ganie
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Luqman Jameel Rather
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Science, Southwest University, 400715 Chongqing, PR China.
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14
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Xu C, Wang F, Guan S, Wang L. β-Glucans obtained from fungus for wound healing: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121662. [PMID: 38171680 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The cell surface of fungus contains a large number of β-glucans, which exhibit various biological activities such as immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidation. Fungal β-glucans with highly branched structure show great potential as wound healing reagents, because they can stimulate the expression of many immune- and inflammatory-related factors beneficial to wound healing. Recently, the wound healing ability of many fungal β-glucans have been investigated in animals and clinical trials. Studies have proved that fungal β-glucans can promote fibroblasts proliferation, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and macrophage infiltration during the wound healing process. However, the development of fungal β-glucans as wound healing reagents is not systematically reviewed till now. This review discusses the wound healing studies of β-glucans obtained from different fungal species. The structure characteristics, extraction methods, and biological functions of fungal β-glucans with wound healing ability are summarized. Researches about fungal β-glucan-containing biomaterials and structurally modified β-glucans for wound healing are also involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Xu
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fengxia Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shibing Guan
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250103, Shandong Province, China.
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15
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Wang Z, Zheng Y, Lai Z, Hu X, Wang L, Wang X, Li Z, Gao M, Yang Y, Wang Q, Li N. Effect of monosaccharide composition and proportion on the bioactivity of polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127955. [PMID: 37944714 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides have been widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries due to their diverse bioactivity, high safety, and few or no side effects. However, inability to quickly produce, screen, and synthesize bioactive polysaccharides is the limiting factor for their development and application. Structural features determine and influence the bioactivity of polysaccharides. Among them, monosaccharide is the basic unit of polysaccharide, which not only affects electrification, functional group, and bioactivity of polysaccharide but also is one of the simplest polysaccharide indexes to be detected. At present, effects of monosaccharide composition and proportion on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, immunomodulatory, antibacterial, and prebiotic activities of polysaccharides are reviewed. Further problems need to be considered during regulation and analysis of monosaccharide composition and proportion of polysaccharides. Overall, present work will provide help and reference for production, development, and structure-function investigation of polysaccharides based on their monosaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichao Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ziru Lai
- School of International Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xilei Hu
- School of International Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Minjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yahui Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Na Li
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging and Artificial Intelligence, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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16
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Riseh RS, Vazvani MG, Kennedy JF. β-glucan-induced disease resistance in plants: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127043. [PMID: 37742892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) are caused by various factors, including both pathogenic and non-pathogenic ones. β-glucan primarily originates from bacteria and fungi, some species of these organisms work as biological agents in causing diseases. When β-glucan enters plants, it triggers the defense system, leading to various reactions such as the production of proteins related to pathogenicity and defense enzymes. By extracting β-glucan from disturbed microorganisms and using it as an inducing agent, plant diseases can be effectively controlled by activating the plant's defense system. β-glucan plays a crucial role during the interaction between plants and pathogens. Therefore, modeling the plant-pathogen relationship and using the molecules involved in this interaction can help in controlling plant diseases, as pathogens have genes related to resistance against pathogenicity. Thus, it is reasonable to identify and use biological induction agents at a large scale by extracting these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohallah Saberi Riseh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran.
| | - Mozhgan Gholizadeh Vazvani
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, 7718897111 Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - John F Kennedy
- Chembiotech Laboratories Ltd, WR15 8FF Tenbury Wells, United Kingdom.
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17
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Dong QQ, Wu Q, Lu Y, Shi Y, Yang KD, Xu XL, Chen W. Exploring β-glucan as a micro-nano system for oral delivery targeted the colon. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127360. [PMID: 37827417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The critical role of oral colon-specific delivery systems (OCDDS) is important for delivering active agents to the colon and rectum specifically via the oral route. The use of micro/nanostructured OCDDS further improves drug stability, bioavailability, and retention time, leading to enhanced therapeutic effects. However, designing micro/nanoscale OCDDSs is challenging due to pH changes, enzymatic degradation, and systemic absorption and metabolism. Biodegradable natural polysaccharides are a promising solution to these problems, and β-glucan is one of the most promising natural polysaccharides due to its unique structural features, conformational flexibility, and specific processing properties. This review covers the diverse chemical structures of β-glucan, its benefits (biocompatibility, easy modification, and colon-specific degradation), and various β-glucan-based micro/nanosized OCDDSs, as well as their drawbacks. The potential of β-glucan offers exciting new opportunities for colon-specific drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Dong
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Qian Wu
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yi Lu
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Yi Shi
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Ke-Da Yang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ling Xu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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18
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Pérez-Bassart Z, Bäuerl C, Fabra MJ, Martínez-Abad A, Collado MC, López-Rubio A. Composition, structural properties and immunomodulatory activity of several aqueous Pleurotus β-glucan-rich extracts. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127255. [PMID: 37827398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, aqueous extracts from six different Pleurotus species were obtained and their yield, gross composition, β-glucan content, monosaccharide profile, thermal stability, molecular weight distribution, and FT-IR were analyzed before and after purification through ethanol precipitation of the carbohydrate-rich fractions. The bioactivity (anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity) of the various fractions obtained was also analyzed in three different cell cultures and compared with a lentinan control. The trend observed after purification of the aqueous fractions was an increase in the concentration of polysaccharides (especially β-glucans), a decrease in ash, glucosamine and protein content and the elimination of low molecular weight (Mw) compounds, thus leaving in the purified samples high Mw populations with increased thermal stability. Interestingly, all these purified fractions displayed immunomodulatory capacity when tested in THP-1 macrophages and most of them also showed significant activity in HEK-hTLR4 cells, highlighting the bioactivity observed for Pleurotus ostreatus (both the extracts obtained from the whole mushroom and from the stipes). This specific species was richer in heteropolysaccharides, having moderate β-glucan content and being enriched upon purification in a high Mw fraction with good thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaida Pérez-Bassart
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Christine Bäuerl
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Jose Fabra
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Abad
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Collado
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo López-Rubio
- Food Safety and Preservation Department, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Agustin Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
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19
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Moerings BG, Abbring S, Tomassen MM, Schols HA, Witkamp RF, van Norren K, Govers C, van Bergenhenegouwen J, Mes JJ. Rice-derived arabinoxylan fibers are particle size-dependent inducers of trained immunity in a human macrophage-intestinal epithelial cell co-culture model. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 8:100666. [PMID: 38179220 PMCID: PMC10765302 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Arabinoxylans have been identified for a wide range of purported health-promoting applications, primarily attributed to its immunomodulatory effects. Previously, we have reported the ability of arabinoxylans to induce non-specific memory in innate immune cells, commonly referred to as "trained innate immunity". In the present study, we investigated the effect of particle size on innate immune training and resilience in primary human macrophages as well as in a more physiologically relevant macrophage-intestinal epithelial cell co-culture model. We demonstrated that smaller (>45 & < 90 μm) compared to larger (>90 μm) particle size fractions of rice bran-derived arabinoxylan preparations have a higher enhancing effect on training and resilience in both models. Smaller particle size fractions elevated TNF-α production in primary macrophages and enhanced Dectin-1 receptor activation in reporter cell lines compared to larger particles. Responses were arabinoxylan source specific as only the rice-derived arabinoxylans showed these immune-supportive effects. This particle size-dependent induction of trained immunity was confirmed in the established co-culture model. These findings demonstrate the influence of particle size on the immunomodulatory potential of arabinoxylans, provide further insight into the structure-activity relationship, and offer new opportunities to optimize the immune-enhancing effects of these dietary fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart G.J. Moerings
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Abbring
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Monic M.M. Tomassen
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renger F. Witkamp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Klaske van Norren
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen Govers
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jurriaan J. Mes
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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20
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Bikmurzin R, Maršalka A, Kalėdienė L. Solid-State 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Soluble and Insoluble β-Glucans Extracted from Candida lusitaniae. Molecules 2023; 28:8066. [PMID: 38138557 PMCID: PMC10745363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are widely known for their biological activities. However, the choice of extraction method can significantly influence their structural characteristics, thereby potentially impacting their biological functions. In this paper, three fractions of β-glucans were obtained from Candida lusitaniae yeast via alkali and hot-water extraction methods and were analyzed using solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy was used as a nondestructive technique that preserves the structure of the analyzed molecules. The results suggest that differences in the β-glucan structure are affected by the choice of extraction method. The main difference occurred in the 82-92 ppm region with signal presence suggesting that β-glucans have a linear structure when hot-water-extracted, which is absent in alkali-extracted fractions resulting in the acquisition of β-glucans with an ordered, possibly helical structure. A hot-water extracted water-insoluble (HWN) fraction consists of linear β-1,3-glucans with other signals indicating the presence of β-1,6-linked side chains, chitin and small amounts of α-glucan impurities. For those that are alkali-extracted, alkali-insoluble (AN) and water-soluble (AWS) fractions are structurally similar and consist of an ordered β-1,3-glucan structure with β-1,6-linked side chains and a significant amount of α-glucan and chitin in both fractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Bikmurzin
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Medical Technology and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Care, Vilniaus Kolegija/Higher Education Institution, Didlaukio Str. 45, LT-08303 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Arūnas Maršalka
- Institute of Chemical Physics, Faculty of Physics, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania;
| | - Lilija Kalėdienė
- Nature Research Centre, Akademijos Str. 2, LT-08412 Vilnius, Lithuania
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21
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Akal C. Using dietary fiber as stabilizer in dairy products: β-glucan and inulin-type fructans. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 60:2945-2954. [PMID: 37786597 PMCID: PMC10542075 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05651-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
β-glucan and inulin-type fructans, considering their beneficial effects on health, are the favorite dietary fibers in recent years. This review firstly gives information on the health-promoting effects of these two fibers, and then, using them in dairy products. They can be used in different dairy products, depending on their properties. However, their effect levels and forms may be different. Especially in probiotic products, these fibers can be used as a multi-functional additive because of their satisfactory stability in dairy products. The stabilizer effect can change in dairy products (e.g., ice cream, beverage) with variable composition/formulation. β-glucan and inulin-type fructans develop textural or rheological properties of dairy products that have relatively more standard composition (such as yogurt, cheese), at varying degrees depending on the proportion. Since the additives used to increase the stability of foods or to extend their shelf life are compounds that are beneficial for health, their usage areas should be increased, and their different potential effects should be known. For this reason, in this review, current information about health effects and usage areas of these components discussed in detail. Consequently, the texture improver effect of these two dietary fibers on dairy products is crucial and has no effect (positive/negative) on physicochemical or flavor properties. Although individual studies have reported a reduction in the amount of acetaldehyde in yogurt or effects that may cause undesirable functional properties in mozzarella cheese, most studies have proven that fiber addition does not have an adverse effect on the properties other than texture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Akal
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Dairy Technology, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey
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22
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Ma KL, Kei N, Yang F, Lauw S, Chan PL, Chen L, Cheung PCK. In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Fungal Polysaccharides Derived from Wolfiporia cocos and Their Effect on Human Fecal Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:4014. [PMID: 37959133 PMCID: PMC10648267 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been described as a new 'organ' that interferes with host physiology by its metabolites produced from the utilization and biotransformation of undigested food components. Fu Ling (FL), the sclerotia of fungi Wolfiporia cocos, contains β-glucan, which is a known natural polysaccharide with strong medicinal efficacy. This study endeavors to evaluate the fermentability of FL and polysaccharides extracted from its sclerotia. An in vitro fermentation of structurally characterized FL and its β-glucan by human fecal microbiota was conducted. Total bacterial count, pH change, short-chain fatty acid profile and microbiota profile were assessed post-fermentation. FL containing over 70% of β-(1 → 3) and (1 → 6)-glucans with a low degree of branching of 0.24 could enhance acetic acid (a major microbial metabolite) production. Both FL and its extracted β-glucan had similar modulation on microbial composition. They enriched Phascolarctobacterium faecium, Bacteroides dorei and Parabacteroides distasonis, all of which are shown to possess anti-inflammatory effects. FL polysaccharide can be utilized as a natural whole food for its potential health benefits to human gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Lee Ma
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.L.M.); (N.K.); (S.L.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Nelson Kei
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.L.M.); (N.K.); (S.L.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Biochemistry Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China;
| | - Susana Lauw
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.L.M.); (N.K.); (S.L.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Po Lam Chan
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.L.M.); (N.K.); (S.L.); (P.L.C.)
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China;
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Peter Chi Keung Cheung
- Food and Nutritional Sciences Program, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (K.L.M.); (N.K.); (S.L.); (P.L.C.)
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23
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Guluarte C, Pereyra A, Ramírez-Hernández E, Zenteno E, Luis Sánchez-Salgado J. The immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of β-glucans in invertebrates. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:108022. [PMID: 37984608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.108022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
β-glucans (βGs) are carbohydrate polymers linked by β-1,3, 1,4 or 1,6 bonds, they have been used to protect against potential pathogens and prevent lethal diseases. The immune system possesses several receptors that identify a wide range of structures and trigger cellular and humoral mechanisms. However, the mechanisms by which βGs activate the immune system of invertebrate organisms have not been fully clarified. This review is focused on evaluating the effect of βGs on innate immune system in invertebrates. βGs stimulate different cellular and humoral mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, oxygen species production, extracellular trap formation, proPO system, and antimicrobial peptide synthesis, moreover, βGs increase survival rate and decrease pathogen load in several species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Guluarte
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 México City, Mexico
| | - Alí Pereyra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 México City, Mexico
| | - Eleazar Ramírez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 México City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 México City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Sánchez-Salgado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 México City, Mexico.
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24
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Korčok M, Calle J, Veverka M, Vietoris V. Understanding the health benefits and technological properties of β-glucan for the development of easy-to-swallow gels to guarantee food security among seniors. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:11504-11521. [PMID: 35766942 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2093325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The world's population is growing rapidly and the number of elderly people with undernutrition and malnutrition is increasing. Common health problems among seniors are cardiovascular, inflammatory, gastrointestinal, and cognitive disorders, cancer, diabetes, psychological and dental problems. The food industry is trying to meet the demands of an aging society, but these efforts are not sufficient. New strategies are needed, and they demand foods development with modified textures that are easy to swallow, such as gels suitable for seniors. Depending on the specific needs of the elderly, bioactive compounds with health benefits should be included in food systems. Novel foods may play an important role in the prevention, maintenance, and treatment of age-related diseases. One of the most studied bioactive compound is β-glucan, a polysaccharide with approved health claims confirmed by clinical trials, such as "β-glucan contributes to the maintenance of normal blood cholesterol levels" and "the consumption of β-glucan from oats or barley contributes to the reduction of postprandial glucose spikes." In this review, the health benefits, and technological properties of β-glucan for the development of senior-friendly ready-to-swallow gels were described. In addition, some patents and studies conducted in connection with the development of the gel systems were collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Korčok
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jehannara Calle
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
- Food Research Institute for the Food Industry (IIIA), Havana, Cuba
| | | | - Vladimir Vietoris
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
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25
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Wu Y, Li P, Jiang Z, Sun X, He H, Yan P, Xu Y, Liu Y. Bioinspired yeast-based β-glucan system for oral drug delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 319:121163. [PMID: 37567689 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Oral drug delivery is the preferred route of drug administration for patients, especially those who need long-term medication. Recently, bioinspired drug delivery systems have emerged for the oral delivery of various therapeutics. Among them, the yeast-based β-glucan system is a novel and promising platform, for oral administration that can overcome the biological barriers of the harsh gastrointestinal environment. Remarkably, the yeast-based β-glucan system not only protects the drug through the harsh gastrointestinal environment but also achieves targeted therapeutic effects by specifically recognizing immune cells, especially macrophages. Otherwise, it exhibits immunomodulatory properties. Based on the pleasant characteristics of the yeast-based β-glucan system, they are widely used in various macrophage-related diseases for oral administration. In this review, we introduced the structure and function of yeast-based β-glucan. Subsequently, we further summarized the current preparation methods of yeast-based β-glucan carriers and the strategies for preparing yeast-based β-glucan drug delivery systems. In addition, we focus on discussing the applications of β-glucan drug delivery systems in various diseases. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of the β-glucan drug delivery system are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Pengyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zongzhe Jiang
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaolei Sun
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Huqiang He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China
| | - Pijun Yan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 646000 Luzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
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26
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Grinchenko A, Buriak I, Kumeiko V. Invertebrate C1q Domain-Containing Proteins: Molecular Structure, Functional Properties and Biomedical Potential. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:570. [PMID: 37999394 PMCID: PMC10672478 DOI: 10.3390/md21110570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
C1q domain-containing proteins (C1qDC proteins) unexpectedly turned out to be widespread molecules among a variety of invertebrates, despite their lack of an integral complement system. Despite the wide distribution in the genomes of various invertebrates, data on the structure and properties of the isolated and characterized C1qDC proteins, which belong to the C1q/TNF superfamily, are sporadic, although they hold great practical potential for the creation of new biotechnologies. This review not only summarizes the current data on the properties of already-isolated or bioengineered C1qDC proteins but also projects further strategies for their study and biomedical application. It has been shown that further broad study of the carbohydrate specificity of the proteins can provide great opportunities, since for many of them only interactions with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) was evaluated and their antimicrobial, antiviral, and fungicidal activities were studied. However, data on the properties of C1qDC proteins, which researchers originally discovered as lectins and therefore studied their fine carbohydrate specificity and antitumor activity, intriguingly show the great potential of this family of proteins for the creation of targeted drug delivery systems, vaccines, and clinical assays for the differential diagnosis of cancer. The ability of invertebrate C1qDC proteins to recognize patterns of aberrant glycosylation of human cell surfaces and interact with mammalian immunoglobulins indicates the great biomedical potential of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Grinchenko
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.G.); (I.B.)
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ivan Buriak
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.G.); (I.B.)
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, 690922 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.G.); (I.B.)
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
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27
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Pires MC, de Gois Andriolo N, Lopes BRP, Ruiz ALTG, do Nascimento VMG, Toledo KA, Santos CD. Some new insights into the biological activities of carboxymethylated polysaccharides from Lasiodiplodia theobromae. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:356. [PMID: 37805488 PMCID: PMC10559501 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxymethylated Lasiodiplodan (LaEPS-C), Lasiodiplodia theobromae β-glucan exopolysaccharide derivative, has a well-known range of biological activities. Compared to LaEPS-C, its fractions, Linear (LLaEPS-C) and Branched (BLaEPS-C), have biological potentialities scarcely described in the literature. So, in this study, we investigate the immunomodulatory, antiviral, antiproliferative, and anticoagulant activities of LLaEPS-C and BLaEPS-C and compare them to the LaEPS-C. METHODS LaEPS was obtained from L. theobromae MMBJ. After carboxymethylation, LaEPS-C structural characteristics were confirmed by Elementary Composition Analysis by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Detector (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The immunomodulatory activity on cytokine secretion was evaluated in human monocyte-derived macrophage cultures. The antiviral activity was evaluated by Hep-2 cell viability in the presence or absence of hRSV (human respiratory syncytial virus). In vitro antiproliferative activity was tested by sulforhodamine B assay. The anticoagulant activity was determined by APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) and PT (Prothrombin Time). RESULTS LaEPS-C showed low macrophage cell viability only at 100 µg/mL (52.84 ± 24.06, 48 h), and LLaEPS-C presented no effect. Conversely, BLaEPS-C showed cytotoxicity from 25 to 100 µg/mL (44.36 ± 20.16, 40.64 ± 25.55, 33.87 ± 25.16; 48 h). LaEPS-C and LLaEPS-C showed anti-inflammatory activity. LaEPS-C presented this at 100 µg/mL (36.75 ± 5.53, 48 h) for IL-10, and LLaEPS-C reduces TNF-α cytokine productions at 100 µg/mL (18.27 ± 5.80, 48 h). LLaEPS-C showed an anti-hRSV activity (0.7 µg/ml) plus a low cytotoxic activity for Hep-2 cells (1.4 µg/ml). LaEPS-C presented an antiproliferative activity for NCI-ADR/RES (GI50 65.3 µg/mL). A better PT was achieved for LLaEPS-C at 5.0 µg/mL (11.85 ± 0.87s). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that carboxymethylation effectively improves the biological potential of the LaEPS-C and their fractions. From those polysaccharides tested, LLaEPS provided the best results with low toxicity for anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticoagulant activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Cerdeira Pires
- Experiential Master of Science in Biotechnology, College of Science, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- LAQUA (Laboratório de Química da Unesp Assis), University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Natalia de Gois Andriolo
- LAQUA (Laboratório de Química da Unesp Assis), University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
- Continuing Education Program in Economics and Business Management (PECEGE), Superior School of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz" University of São Paulo (USP) (Esalq-USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rafael Pereira Lopes
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Tasca Gois Ruiz
- Farmacologia e Toxicologia Experimental), LAFTEx (Laboratório de Fitoquímica, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Karina Alves Toledo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - Catarina Dos Santos
- LAQUA (Laboratório de Química da Unesp Assis), University of São Paulo State (UNESP), Assis, SP, Brazil.
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28
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Generalov E, Yakovenko L. Receptor basis of biological activity of polysaccharides. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:1209-1222. [PMID: 37975017 PMCID: PMC10643635 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01102-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides, the most diverse forms of organic molecules in nature, exhibit a large number of different biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, radioprotective, antioxidant, regenerative, metabolic, signaling, antitumor, and anticoagulant. The reaction of cells to a polysaccharide is determined by its specific interaction with receptors present on the cell surface, the type of cells, and their condition. The effect of many polysaccharides depends non-linearly on their concentration. The same polysaccharide in different conditions can have very different effects on cells and organisms, up to the opposite; therefore, when conducting studies of the biological activity of polysaccharides, both for the purpose of developing new drugs or approaches to the treatment of patients, and in order to clarify the features of intracellular processes, information about already known research results is needed. There is a lot of scattered data on the biological activities of polysaccharides, but there are few reviews that would consider natural polysaccharides from various sources and possible molecular mechanisms of their action. The purpose of this review is to present the main results published at different times in order to facilitate the search for information necessary for conducting relevant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Generalov
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Leonid Yakovenko
- Faculty of Physics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991 Russia
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29
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Wang G, Xie L, Huang Z, Xie J. Recent advances in polysaccharide biomodification by microbial fermentation: production, properties, bioactivities, and mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37740706 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2259461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are natural chemical compounds that are extensively employed in the food and pharmaceutical industries. They exhibit a wide range of physical and biological properties. These properties are commonly improved by using chemical and physical methods. However, with the advancement of biotechnology and increased demand for green, clean, and safe products, polysaccharide modification via microbial fermentation has gained importance in improving their physicochemical and biological activities. The physicochemical and structural characteristics, biological activity, and modification mechanisms of microbially fermented polysaccharides were reviewed and summarized in this study. Polysaccharide modifications were categorized and discussed in terms of strains and fermentation techniques. The effects of microbial fermentation on the physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides were highlighted. The impact of modification of polysaccharides on their antioxidant, immune, hypoglycemic, and other activities, as well as probiotic digestive enhancement, were also discussed. Finally, we investigated a potential enzyme-based process for polysaccharide modification via microbial fermentation. Modification of polysaccharides via microbial fermentation has significant value and application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liuming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhibing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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30
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Liu Z, Xu Y, Wang Z, Zhu L, Li Z, Jiang Y, Zhan X, Gao M. Promoting substrates uptake and curdlan synthesis of Agrobacterium sp. by attenuating the exopolysaccharide encapsulation. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:120941. [PMID: 37230642 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
During curdlan production by Agrobacterium sp., the secreted exopolysaccharide (EPS) gradually encapsulated Agrobacterium sp., accompanied by cell aggregation, resulted in inhibited substrate uptake and curdlan synthesis. To relieve the EPS encapsulation effect, the shake-flask culture medium was quantitatively supplemented with 2 % to 10 % endo-β-1,3-glucanase (BGN), while obtaining curdlan with a decreased weight-average molecular weight ranging from 18.99 × 104 Da to 3.20 × 104 Da. In a 7-L bioreactor, the 4 % BGN supplement substantially attenuated the EPS encapsulation, resulting in increased glucose consumption and curdlan yield to 66.41 g/L and 34.53 g/L after fermentation of 108 h, which improved 43 % and 67 %, respectively compared with the control. The disruption of EPS encapsulation with BGN treatment accelerated the regeneration of ATP and UTP, resulting in sufficient uridine diphosphate glucose for curdlan synthesis. The upregulation of related genes at the transcription level reveals that the respiratory metabolic intensity, the energy regeneration efficiency, and the curdlan synthetase activity were enhanced. This study presents a simple and novel strategy of relieving the effects of EPS encapsulation on the metabolism of Agrobacterium sp. for the high-yield and value-added production of curdlan, which could be potentially applied in producing other EPSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Zichao Wang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Li Zhu
- L & F Biotech. Ltd., 7144 Collister Dr., Burnaby, BC V5A3P6, Canada
| | - Zhitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaobei Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Minjie Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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31
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Wu Z, Yang Y, Li J, Bossier P, Wei X, Guo Z, Han B, Ye J. β-Glucans in particulate and solubilized forms elicit varied immunomodulatory and apoptosis effects in teleost macrophages in a dosedependent manner. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243358. [PMID: 37675105 PMCID: PMC10477985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Glucans are a group of heterogeneous glucose polymers that possess immunomodulatory activities. The complex nature of their structures, uncertainty regarding the doses, and variable immune effects pose a challenge to comprehensive understanding. In this study, we investigated the immune responses and apoptosis effects in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) head kidney macrophages (MФ) upon exposure to two β-Glucans (Paramylon and Laminarin) at low and high doses. Our results demonstrate that Paramylon elicits more robust immune responses than Laminarin, albeit with a dose-limiting effect. We also observed that the high-dose Paramylon induces apoptosis, whereas no such effect was detected in Laminarin treatment. Mechanistically, high-dose Paramylon activates the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, with significantly up-regulation of intrinsic apoptosis-related genes and impaired mitochondrial function. On the other hand, Laminarin triggers metabolic reprogramming in MФ, resulting in the enrichment of the metabolite α-Ketoglutarate, which protects the MФ from apoptosis. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of identifying the optimal dose range for β-Glucans, based on sources or structures, to achieve maximal immunomodulatory effects. These results have important implications for the design and optimization of β-Glucans-based drugs or adjuvants in immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelin Wu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiadong Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peter Bossier
- Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Xiayi Wei
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biao Han
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Environmentally-Friendly Aquaculture, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Sung M, Yoon Y, Lee J. The Immunomodulatory Effect of β-Glucan Depends on the Composition of the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:3148. [PMID: 37685079 PMCID: PMC10487241 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between the immunomodulatory effects of β-glucan and the composition of gut microbiota in mice. The mice were fed a diet containing β-glucan for 3 weeks, and feces, blood, and tissues were then collected to analyze the immunomodulatory effect and gut microbiota composition. Based on the results of the analysis of the expression level of immune-associated proteins, the high immunomodulatory effect group (HIE) and low immunomodulatory effect group (LIE) were categorized. Before the β-glucan diet, the proportions of the phylum Bacteroidota, family Muribaculaceae, and family Lactobacillaceae were significantly higher in HIE than in LIE. Furthermore, the genus Akkermansia was absent before the β-glucan diet and increased after β-glucan diet. These microbes had the ability to metabolize β-glucan or were beneficial to health. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that variation in the composition of gut microbiota among individuals can result in varying expressions of β-glucan functionality. This outcome supports the notion that β-glucan may be metabolized through diverse pathways by gut microbes originally possessed by mice, subsequently producing various metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Alternatively, the viscosity of the intestinal mucosa could be enhanced by β-glucan, potentially promoting the growth of certain bacteria (e.g., the genus Akkermansia). This study provides insights into the intricate interplay between β-glucan, gut microbiota, and immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Sung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yohan Yoon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea; (M.S.); (Y.Y.)
- Risk Analysis Research Center, Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyeon Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
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Zhang H, Zhang J, Liu Y, Tang C. Recent Advances in the Preparation, Structure, and Biological Activities of β-Glucan from Ganoderma Species: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:2975. [PMID: 37569244 PMCID: PMC10419088 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma has served as a valuable food supplement and medicinal ingredient with outstanding active compounds that are essential for human protection against chronic diseases. Modern pharmacology studies have proven that Ganoderma β-d-glucan exhibits versatile biological activities, such as immunomodulatory, antitumor, antioxidant, and antiviral properties, as well as gut microbiota regulation. As a promising polysaccharide, β-d-glucan is widely used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In recent years, the extraction, purification, structural characterization, and pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from the fruiting bodies, mycelia, spores, and fermentation broth of Ganoderma species have received wide attention from scholars globally. Unfortunately, comprehensive studies on the preparation, structure and bioactivity, toxicology, and utilization of β-d-glucans from Ganoderma species still need to be further explored, which may result in limitations in future sustainable industrial applications of β-d-glucans. Thus, this review summarizes the research progress in recent years on the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and bioactivity mechanisms of Ganoderma β-d-glucan, as well as its toxicological assessment and applications. This review is intended to provide a theoretical basis and reference for the development and application of β-d-glucan in the fields of pharmaceuticals, functional foods, and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chuanhong Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China; (H.Z.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.)
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Wang A, Liu Y, Zeng S, Liu Y, Li W, Wu D, Wu X, Zou L, Chen H. Dietary Plant Polysaccharides for Cancer Prevention: Role of Immune Cells and Gut Microbiota, Challenges and Perspectives. Nutrients 2023; 15:3019. [PMID: 37447345 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary plant polysaccharides, one of the main sources of natural polysaccharides, possess significant cancer prevention activity and potential development value in the food and medicine fields. The anti-tumor mechanisms of plant polysaccharides are mainly elaborated from three perspectives: enhancing immunoregulation, inhibiting tumor cell growth and inhibiting tumor cell invasion and metastasis. The immune system plays a key role in cancer progression, and immunomodulation is considered a significant pathway for cancer prevention or treatment. Although much progress has been made in revealing the relationship between the cancer prevention activity of polysaccharides and immunoregulation, huge challenges are still met in the research and development of polysaccharides. Results suggest that certain polysaccharide types and glycosidic linkage forms significantly affect the biological activity of polysaccharides in immunoregulation. At present, the in vitro anti-tumor effects and immunoregulation of dietary polysaccharides are widely reported in articles; however, the anti-tumor effects and in vivo immunoregulation of dietary polysaccharides are still deserving of further investigation. In this paper, aspects of the mechanisms behind dietary polysaccharides' cancer prevention activity achieved through immunoregulation, the role of immune cells in cancer progression, the role of the mediatory relationship between the gut microbiota and dietary polysaccharides in immunoregulation and cancer prevention are systematically summarized, with the aim of encouraging future research on the use of dietary polysaccharides for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Wang
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610052, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Dingtao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu 610031, China
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Murphy EJ, Rezoagli E, Collins C, Saha SK, Major I, Murray P. Sustainable production and pharmaceutical applications of β-glucan from microbial sources. Microbiol Res 2023; 274:127424. [PMID: 37301079 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
β-glucans are a large class of complex polysaccharides found in abundant sources. Our dietary sources of β-glucans are cereals that include oats and barley, and non-cereal sources can consist of mushrooms, microalgae, bacteria, and seaweeds. There is substantial clinical interest in β-glucans; as they can be used for a variety of diseases including cancer and cardiovascular conditions. Suitable sources of β-glucans for biopharmaceutical applications include bacteria, microalgae, mycelium, and yeast. Environmental factors including culture medium can influence the biomass and ultimately β-glucan content. Therefore, cultivation conditions for the above organisms can be controlled for sustainable enhanced production of β-glucans. This review discusses the various sources of β-glucans and their cultivation conditions that may be optimised to exploit sustainable production. Finally, this article discusses the immune-modulatory potential of β-glucans from these sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Murphy
- LIFE - Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, Limerick V94EC5T, Ireland; PRISM Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone N37 HD68, Ireland.
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Catherine Collins
- LIFE - Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, Limerick V94EC5T, Ireland
| | - Sushanta Kumar Saha
- LIFE - Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, Limerick V94EC5T, Ireland
| | - Ian Major
- PRISM Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, Athlone N37 HD68, Ireland
| | - Patrick Murray
- LIFE - Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, Limerick V94EC5T, Ireland
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Murphy EJ, Fehrenbach GW, Abidin IZ, Buckley C, Montgomery T, Pogue R, Murray P, Major I, Rezoagli E. Polysaccharides-Naturally Occurring Immune Modulators. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102373. [PMID: 37242947 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention of disease and infection requires immune systems that operate effectively. This is accomplished by the elimination of infections and abnormal cells. Immune or biological therapy treats disease by either stimulating or inhibiting the immune system, dependent upon the circumstances. In plants, animals, and microbes, polysaccharides are abundant biomacromolecules. Due to the intricacy of their structure, polysaccharides may interact with and impact the immune response; hence, they play a crucial role in the treatment of several human illnesses. There is an urgent need for the identification of natural biomolecules that may prevent infection and treat chronic disease. This article addresses some of the naturally occurring polysaccharides of known therapeutic potential that have already been identified. This article also discusses extraction methods and immunological modulatory capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Murphy
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland
- LIFE-Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Gustavo Waltzer Fehrenbach
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Applied Polymer Technologies, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Ismin Zainol Abidin
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Applied Polymer Technologies, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Ciara Buckley
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Applied Polymer Technologies, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Therese Montgomery
- School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland
| | - Robert Pogue
- Universidade Católica de Brasilia, QS 7 LOTE 1-Taguatinga, Brasília 71680-613, DF, Brazil
| | - Patrick Murray
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland
- LIFE-Health and Biosciences Research Institute, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland
| | - Ian Major
- PRISM, Research Institute, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
- Applied Polymer Technologies, Midlands Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
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Singh RP, Niharika J, Thakur R, Wagstaff BA, Kumar G, Kurata R, Patel D, Levy CW, Miyazaki T, Field RA. Utilization of dietary mixed-linkage β-glucans by the Firmicute Blautia producta. J Biol Chem 2023:104806. [PMID: 37172725 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The β-glucans are structurally varied, naturally occurring components of the cell walls and storage materials of a variety of plant and microbial species. In the human diet, mixed-linkage glucans [MLG - β-(1,3/4)-glucans] influence the gut microbiome and the host immune system. Although consumed daily, the molecular mechanism by which human gut Gram-positive bacteria utilize MLG largely remains unknown. In this study, we used Blautia producta ATCC 27340 as a model organism to develop understanding of MLG utilization. B. producta encodes a gene locus comprising a multi-modular cell-anchored endo-glucanase (BpGH16MLG), an ABC transporter, and a glycoside phosphorylase (BpGH94MLG) for utilizing MLG, as evidenced by the up-regulation of expression of the enzyme- and solute binding protein (SBP)-encoding genes in this cluster when the organism is grown on MLG. We determined that recombinant BpGH16MLG cleaved various types of β-glucan, generating oligosaccharides suitable for cellular uptake by B. producta. Cytoplasmic digestion of these oligosaccharides is then performed by recombinant BpGH94MLG and β-glucosidases (BpGH3-AR8MLG and BpGH3-X62MLG). Using targeted deletion, we demonstrated BpSBPMLG is essential for B. producta growth on barley β-glucan. Furthermore, we revealed that beneficial bacteria, such as Roseburia faecis JCM 17581T, Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum JCM 1200T, Bifidobacterium adolescentis JCM 1275T, and Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM 1254, can also utilize oligosaccharides resulting from the action of BpGH16MLG. Disentangling the β-glucan utilizing capability of B. producta provides a rational basis on which to consider the probiotic potential of this class of organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pal Singh
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat International Finance Tec (GIFT)-City, Gandhinagar- 382355, Gujarat, India; Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
| | - Jayashree Niharika
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat International Finance Tec (GIFT)-City, Gandhinagar- 382355, Gujarat, India; Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Raksha Thakur
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Ben A Wagstaff
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Division of Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India
| | - Rikuya Kurata
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Dhaval Patel
- Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gujarat International Finance Tec (GIFT)-City, Gandhinagar- 382355, Gujarat, India
| | - Colin W Levy
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Takatsugu Miyazaki
- Department of Agriculture, Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; Research Institute of Green Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka City, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Robert A Field
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
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Singh RP, Bhardwaj A. β-glucans: a potential source for maintaining gut microbiota and the immune system. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1143682. [PMID: 37215217 PMCID: PMC10198134 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1143682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract holds a complex and dynamic population of microbial communities, which exerts a marked influence on the host physiology during homeostasis and disease conditions. Diet is considered one of the main factors in structuring the gut microbiota across a lifespan. Intestinal microbial communities play a vital role in sustaining immune and metabolic homeostasis as well as protecting against pathogens. The negatively altered gut bacterial composition has related to many inflammatory diseases and infections. β-glucans are a heterogeneous assemblage of glucose polymers with a typical structure comprising a leading chain of β-(1,4) and/or β-(1,3)-glucopyranosyl units with various branches and lengths as a side chain. β-glucans bind to specific receptors on immune cells and initiate immune responses. However, β-glucans from different sources differ in their structures, conformation, physical properties, and binding affinity to receptors. How these properties modulate biological functions in terms of molecular mechanisms is not known in many examples. This review provides a critical understanding of the structures of β-glucans and their functions for modulating the gut microbiota and immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pal Singh
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Gujarat Biotechnology University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Atta-Allah AA, Ahmed RF, Shahin AAM, Hassan EA, El-Bialy HAA, El-Fouly MZ. Optimizing the synthesis of yeast Beta-glucan via response surface methodology for nanotechnology application. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:110. [PMID: 37081407 PMCID: PMC10116484 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The production of biopolymers from waste resources is a growing trend, especially in high-population countries like Egypt. Beta-glucan (β-glucan) belongs to natural polysaccharides that are derived from plant and microbial origins. In this study, following increasing demands for β-glucan owing to its bioactive properties, a statistical model to enhance microbial β-glucan production was evaluated for its usefulness to the food and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, a trial to convert β-glucan polymer to nanostructure form was done to increase its bioactivity. RESULTS Ingredients of low-cost media based on agro-industrial wastes were described using Plackett-Burman and central composite design of response surface methodology for optimizing yeast β-glucan. Minerals and vitamin concentrations significantly influenced β-glucan yield for Kluyveromyces lactis and nitrogen and phosphate sources for Meyerozyma guilliermondii. The maximum predicted yields of β-glucan recovered from K. lactis and M. guilliermondii after optimizing the medium ingredients were 407 and 1188 mg/100 ml; respectively. For the first time, yeast β-glucan nanoparticles (βGN) were synthesized from the β-glucan polymer using N-dimethylformamide as a stabilizer and characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The average size of βGN was about 300 nm as determined by DLS. The quantitative variation of functional groups between β-glucan polymer and βGN was evaluated by FT-IR for explaining the difference in their biological activity against Normal Homo sapiens-Hela contaminant and Hepatic cancer cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Enriching the low-cost media based on agro-industrial wastes with nutritional ingredients improves the yield of yeast β-glucan. The present study succeeds to form β-glucan nanoparticles by a simple method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshimaa A Atta-Allah
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania F Ahmed
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A M Shahin
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Enas A Hassan
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba Abd-Alla El-Bialy
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohie Z El-Fouly
- Radiation Microbiology Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Ellefsen CF, Struzek AM, Scherließ R, Hiorth M, Samuelsen ABC. Preparation of Albatrellus ovinus β-Glucan Microparticles with Dectin-1a Binding Properties. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:1863-1872. [PMID: 37075203 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Fungal β-glucans are compounds with the potential to activate the innate immune system, in part through binding to the receptor dectin-1. In the present study, small-scale methods for preparing dectin-1a binding microparticles from Albatrellus ovinus alkali-soluble β-glucans were investigated. Mechanical milling was time-consuming and yielded large particles with wide size distributions. Precipitation was more successful: the β-glucan was dissolved in 1 M NaOH, diluted, and precipitated in 1:1 mol equiv HCl. This yielded particles in sizes ranging from 0.5-2 μm. The dectin-1a binding activity was determined using HEK-Blue reporter cells. The prepared particles were able to bind to dectin-1a to the same extent as baker's-yeast-derived β-glucan particles. The precipitation method was convenient as a quick method for small-scale preparation of β-glucan microparticle dispersions from mushroom β-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane F Ellefsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anna-Maria Struzek
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Regina Scherließ
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
- Priority Research Area Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Sciences (KiNSIS), Kiel University, D-24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marianne Hiorth
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Berit C Samuelsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
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Jędrzejewski T, Pawlikowska M, Sobocińska J, Wrotek S. COVID-19 and Cancer Diseases-The Potential of Coriolus versicolor Mushroom to Combat Global Health Challenges. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054864. [PMID: 36902290 PMCID: PMC10003402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coriolus versicolor (CV) is a common species from the Polyporaceae family that has been used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine for over 2000 years. Among well-described and most active compounds identified in CV are polysaccharopeptides, such as polysaccharide peptide (PSP) and Polysaccharide-K (PSK, krestin), which, in some countries, are already used as an adjuvant agent in cancer therapy. In this paper, research advances in the field of anti-cancer and anti-viral action of CV are analyzed. The results of data obtained in in vitro and in vivo studies using animal models as well as in clinical research trials have been discussed. The present update provides a brief overview regarding the immunomodulatory effects of CV. A particular focus has been given to the mechanisms of direct effects of CV on cancer cells and angiogenesis. A potential use of CV compounds in anti-viral treatment, including therapy against COVID-19 disease, has also been analyzed based on the most recent literature. Additionally, the significance of fever in viral infection and cancer has been debated, providing evidence that CV affects this phenomenon.
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The Effect of Curcumin-Loaded Glucan Nanoparticles on Immune Cells: Size as a Critical Quality Attribute. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020623. [PMID: 36839945 PMCID: PMC9959491 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is known for its multiple health benefits, largely due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It has been extensively studied as a therapeutic agent, however, it does not have good clinical efficacy due to its poor water solubility and bioavailability. Despite accepting the encapsulation of this compound in polymeric particles as one of the most promising strategies to increase its therapeutic value, these nanoparticles have fallen short of expectations due to a lack of assessment of their possible adverse effects on the immune system. Therefore, in this work, we report on a new method to encapsulate curcumin into glucan nanoparticles and their effects on cells of the immune system were evaluated. Two different-sized curcumin-loaded glucan NPs (GluCur 100 and GluCur 380) were produced, each with an encapsulation efficiency close to 100%, and were characterized regarding their size distribution, surface properties, and morphology. The results revealed the greatest hemolytic effect and cytotoxicity for the smallest particles (100 nm) tested in human PBMCs and RAW 264.7 cells. Although GluCur 380 NPs showed a weaker ROS production, they were able to inhibit the production of NO by macrophages. Furthermore, we found that the coagulation time was not affected by both sized-particles as well as platelet function. Additionally, both nanoparticles induced lymphocyte proliferation and TNF-α secretion by Mo-DCs. In conclusion, this report emphasizes the importance of the immunotoxicity assessment and how this is dependent on the intrinsic properties of nanomaterials, hopefully contributing to increasing the safety of nanomedicines.
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Cell membrane-camouflaged DOX-loaded β-glucan nanoparticles for highly efficient cancer immunochemotherapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:873-885. [PMID: 36402393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biomimetics plays an important role in cancer treatment since it can prolong the circulation of nanoparticles, enhance their delivery and retention in target tissues, and reduce the systemic toxicity of drugs and their carriers. In this study, we developed a biomimetic nanosystem consisting of chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents wrapped in cell membranes. Specifically, the anti-tumor drug doxorubicin (DOX) was loaded into a bacterial-derived immunomodulatory agent (low molecular weight curdlan, lCUR), and the lCUR-DOX was further wrapped in the red blood cell membrane for camouflage and prolonged circulation. The successful preparation of the lCUR-DOX@RBC nanosystem was supported by various optical and morphological characterizations. In vitro studies indicated that the nanosystem can escape uptake by macrophages, inhibit the invasion of tumor cells, and reprogram M2 macrophages with an immunosuppressive phenotype into M1 macrophages with an immunopromoting phenotype via the MAPK signaling pathway while promoting the phagocytosis of macrophages. In vivo studies showed that the nanosystem effectively inhibits tumor growth in the A-375 tumor-bearing mouse model. Taken together, the above results support further development of the lCUR-DOX@RBC platform for cancer immunochemotherapy in clinical applications.
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Wang Z, Qu S, Gao D, Shao Q, Nie C, Xing C. A Strategy of On-Demand Immune Activation for Antifungal Treatment Using Near-Infrared Responsive Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:326-335. [PMID: 36548213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic fungal infection is a major clinical threat because pathogenic fungi have developed resistant mechanisms to evade the innate immune response, especially interactions with macrophages. Herein, a strategy to activate immune responses of macrophages to fungi based on near-infrared (NIR) responsive conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs-M) is reported for antifungal immunotherapy. Under NIR light irradiation, CPNs-M exposes β-glucan on the surface of fungal conidia by photothermal damage and drug released from CPNs-M. The exposed β-glucan elicits macrophage recognition and subsequently activates calcium-calmodulin (Ca2+-CaM) signaling followed by the LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) pathway to kill fungal conidia. Consequently, a remarkable elimination of intracellular fugal conidia and successful treatment of fungal pneumonia are achieved. This remote regulation strategy to restore pathogen-immune cell interaction on demand provides a new insight into combatting intractable intracellular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Shuyi Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Qi Shao
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Chenyao Nie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Chengfen Xing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Key Laboratory of Hebei Province for Molecular Biophysics, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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Maheshwari A. Innate Immune Memory in Macrophages. NEWBORN (CLARKSVILLE, MD.) 2023; 2:60-79. [PMID: 37206580 PMCID: PMC10193650 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-11002-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages have been recognized as the primary mediators of innate immunity starting from embryonic/fetal development. Macrophage-mediated defenses may not be as antigen-specific as adaptive immunity, but increasing information suggests that these responses do strengthen with repeated immunological triggers. The concept of innate memory in macrophages has been described as "trained immunity" or "innate immune memory (IIM)." As currently understood, this cellular memory is rooted in epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming. The recognition of IIM may be particularly important in the fetus and the young neonate who are yet to develop protective levels of adaptive immunity, and could even be of preventive/therapeutic importance in many disorders. There may also be a possibility of therapeutic enhancement with targeted vaccination. This article presents a review of the properties, mechanisms, and possible clinical significance of macrophage-mediated IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhil Maheshwari
- Founding Chairman, Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, United States of America
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Hamidi M, Okoro OV, Rashidi K, Salami MS, Mirzaei Seveiri R, Samadian H, Shavandi A. Evaluation of two fungal exopolysaccharides as potential biomaterials for wound healing applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 39:49. [PMID: 36542187 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03459-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are mostly produced by bacteria and fungi and have potential use in the production of biomedical products such as nutraceuticals and in tissue engineering applications. The present study investigated the in vitro biological activities and in vivo wound healing effects of EPSs produced from a Sclerotium-forming fungus (Sclerotium glucanicum DSM 2159) and a yeast (Rhodosporidium babjevae), denoted as scleroglucan (Scl) and EPS-R, respectively. EPS yields of 0.9 ± 0.07 g/L and 1.11 ± 0.4 g/L were obtained from S. glucanicum and R. babjevae, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the EPSs were characterized using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Further investigations of the biological properties showed that both EPSs were cytocompatible toward the human fibroblast cell line and demonstrated hemocompatibility. Favorable wound healing capacities of the EPSs (10 mg/mL) were also established via in vivo tests. The present study therefore showed that the EPSs produced by S. glucanicum and R. babjevae have the potential use as biocompatible components for the promotion of dermal wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Hamidi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Khodabakhsh Rashidi
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saeid Salami
- Research Center of Oils and Fats, Research Institute for Health Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Rasool Mirzaei Seveiri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Hadi Samadian
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amin Shavandi
- Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, 3BIO-BioMatter, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50 - CP 165/61, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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Walachowski S, Breyne K, Secher T, Cougoule C, Guzylack-Piriou L, Meyer E, Foucras G, Tabouret G. Oral supplementation with yeast β-glucans improves the resolution of Escherichia coli-associated inflammatory responses independently of monocyte/macrophage immune training. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1086413. [PMID: 36605196 PMCID: PMC9809295 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1086413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Confronted with the emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance, the development of alternative strategies to limit the use of antibiotics or potentiate their effect through synergy with the immune system is urgently needed. Many natural or synthetic biological response modifiers have been investigated in this context. Among them, β-glucans, a type of soluble or insoluble polysaccharide composed of a linear or branched string of glucose molecules produced by various cereals, bacteria, algae, and inferior (yeast) and superior fungi (mushrooms) have garnered interest in the scientific community, with not less than 10,000 publications over the last two decades. Various biological activities of β-glucans have been reported, such as anticancer, antidiabetic and immune-modulating effects. In vitro, yeast β-glucans are known to markedly increase cytokine secretion of monocytes/macrophages during a secondary challenge, a phenomenon called immune training. Methods Here, we orally delivered β-glucans derived from the yeast S. cerevisiae to mice that were further challenged with Escherichia coli. Results β-glucan supplementation protected the mice from E. coli intraperitoneal and intra-mammary infections, as shown by a lower bacterial burden and greatly diminished tissue damage. Surprisingly, this was not associated with an increased local immune response. In addition, granulocyte recruitment was transient and limited, as well as local cytokine secretion, arguing for faster resolution of the inflammatory response. Furthermore, ex-vivo evaluation of monocytes/macrophages isolated or differentiated from β-glucan-supplemented mice showed these cells to lack a trained response versus those from control mice. Conclusion In conclusion, dietary β-glucans can improve the outcome of Escherichia coli infections and dampen tissue damages associated to excessive inflammatory response. The mechanisms associated with such protection are not necessarily linked to immune system hyper-activation or immune training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Walachowski
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | - Koen Breyne
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Neurology and Radiology Department, Massachusetts General Hospital - Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Thomas Secher
- INSERM, Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, Tours, France,Faculté de Médecine Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
| | - Laurence Guzylack-Piriou
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | - Evelyne Meyer
- Ghent, Belgium Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Gilles Foucras
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Tabouret
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, ENVT, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique et Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France,*Correspondence: Guillaume Tabouret,
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Bell V, Silva CRPG, Guina J, Fernandes TH. Mushrooms as future generation healthy foods. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1050099. [PMID: 36562045 PMCID: PMC9763630 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of edible mushrooms as an unexploited treasure trove, although rarely included in known food guidelines, is highlighted. Their role in shielding people against the side effects of an unhealthy stylish diet is reviewed. Mushrooms complement the human diet with various bioactive molecules not identified or deficient in foodstuffs of plant and animal sources, being considered a functional food for the prevention of several human diseases. Mushrooms have been widely used as medicinal products for more than 2,000 years, but globally the potential field of use of wild mushrooms has been untapped. There is a broad range of edible mushrooms which remain poorly identified or even unreported which is a valuable pool as sources of bioactive compounds for biopharma utilization and new dietary supplements. Some unique elements of mushrooms and their role in preventative healthcare are emphasized, through their positive impact on the immune system. The potential of mushrooms as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, and other health concerns is discussed. Mushrooms incorporate top sources of non-digestible oligosaccharides, and ergothioneine, which humans are unable to synthesize, the later a unique antioxidant, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory element, with therapeutic potential, approved by world food agencies. The prebiotic activity of mushrooms beneficially affects gut homeostasis performance and the balance of gut microbiota is enhanced. Several recent studies on neurological impact and contribution to the growth of nerve and brain cells are mentioned. Indeed, mushrooms as functional foods' nutraceuticals are presently regarded as next-generation foods, supporting health and wellness, and are promising prophylactic or therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Bell
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - C. R. P. G. Silva
- Department of Health and Social Care, School of Health and Care Management, Arden University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - J. Guina
- Instituto Superior de Estudos Universitários de Nampula (ISEUNA), Universidade a Politécnica, Nampula, Mozambique
| | - T. H. Fernandes
- CIISA—Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Centro de Estudos Interdisciplinares Lurio (CEIL), Lúrio University, Nampula, Mozambique
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Structural Characterization of Polysaccharide Derived from Gastrodia elata and Its Immunostimulatory Effect on RAW264.7 Cells. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228059. [PMID: 36432165 PMCID: PMC9694387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A polysaccharide from Gastrodia elata (named GEP-1) was isolated with a DEAE-52 column and Sephadex G-100 column. The structural characteristics showed that GEP-1 was mainly composed of glucose (92.04%), galactose (4.79%) and arabinose (2.19%) with a molecular weight of 76.444 kDa. The polydispersity (Mw/Mn) of GEP-1 was 1.25, indicating that the distribution of molar mass (Mw) was relatively narrow, which suggested that GEP-1 was a homogeneous polysaccharide. Moreover, the molecular conformation plot of the root mean square (RMS) radius (<rg2> 1/2) versus Mw yielded a line with a slope less than 0.33 (0.15 ± 0.02), displaying that GEP-1 is a compact and curly spherical molecule in NaNO3 aqueous solution. NMR and methylation analyses revealed that the main chain structure of GEP-1 was α-(1→4)-glucans. Furthermore, it was proven that GEP-1 possessed cytoproliferative and enhancing phagocytic activities and induced cytokine (TNF-α, IL1-β) and nitric oxide (NO) release in macrophages by upregulating the related gene expression. In addition, the RNA-seq results suggested that the GEP-1-induced immunomodulatory effect was mainly caused by activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, which was further verified by NF-κB ELISA and pathway inhibition assays. As a result, GEP-1 exhibits the potential to be developed as a novel cheap immunostimulant without obvious toxicity.
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Qamar SA, Riasat A, Jahangeer M, Fatima R, Bilal M, Iqbal HMN, Mu BZ. Prospects of microbial polysaccharides-based hybrid constructs for biomimicking applications. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 62:1319-1336. [PMID: 35048396 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202100596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are biobased polymers obtained from renewable sources. They exhibit various interesting features including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Microbial polysaccharides are produced by several microorganisms including yeast, fungi, algae, and bacteria. Microbial polysaccharides have gained high importance in biotechnology due to their novel physiochemical characteristics and composition. Among microbial polysaccharides, xanthan, alginate, gellan, and dextran are the most commonly reported polysaccharides for the development of biomimetic materials for biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Several chemical and physical cross-linking reactions are performed to increase their technological and functional properties. Owning to the broad-scale applications of microbial polysaccharides, this review aims to summarize the characteristics with different ways of physical/chemical crosslinking for polysaccharide regulation. Recently, several biopolymers have gained high importance due to their biologically active properties. This will help in the formation of bioactive nutraceuticals and functional foods. This review provides a perspective on microbial polysaccharides, with special emphasis given to applications in promising biosectors and the subsequent advancement on the discovery and development of new polysaccharides for adding new products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmad Ahmad Qamar
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Areej Riasat
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jahangeer
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rameen Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, China
| | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Bo-Zhong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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