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Yu W, Luo L, Qi X, Cao Y, An J, Xie Z, Hu T, Yang P. Insights into the Impact of Trans-Zeatin Overproduction-Engineered Sinorhizobium meliloti on Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) Tolerance to Drought Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:8650-8663. [PMID: 38564678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria have been shown to enhance plant tolerance to drought stress through various mechanisms. However, there is limited research on improving drought resistance in alfalfa by genetically modifying PGPR to produce increased levels of cytokinins. Herein, we employed synthetic biology approaches to engineer two novel strains of Sinorhizobium meliloti capable of overproducing trans-Zeatin and investigated their potential in enhancing drought tolerance in alfalfa. Our results demonstrate that alfalfa plants inoculated with these engineered S. meliloti strains exhibited reduced wilting and yellowing while maintaining higher relative water content under drought conditions. The engineered S. meliloti-induced tZ activated the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the accumulation of osmolytes. Additionally, the increased endogenous tZ content in plants alleviated the impact of drought stress on the alfalfa photosynthetic rate. However, under nondrought conditions, inoculation with the engineered S. meliloti strains had no significant effect on alfalfa biomass and nodule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Yu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Li Luo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiangyu Qi
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yuman Cao
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jie An
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiguo Xie
- Shaanxi Academy of Forestry, Xi'an 710082, China
| | - Tianming Hu
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Peizhi Yang
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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2
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Etesami H, Glick BR. Bacterial indole-3-acetic acid: A key regulator for plant growth, plant-microbe interactions, and agricultural adaptive resilience. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127602. [PMID: 38228017 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a fundamental phytohormone categorized under auxins, not only influences plant growth and development but also plays a critical role in plant-microbe interactions. This study reviews the role of IAA in bacteria-plant communication, with a focus on its biosynthesis, regulation, and the subsequent effects on host plants. Bacteria synthesize IAA through multiple pathways, which include the indole-3-acetamide (IAM), indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA), and several other routes, whose full mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The production of bacterial IAA affects root architecture, nutrient uptake, and resistance to various abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity, enhancing plant resilience and thus offering promising routes to sustainable agriculture. Bacterial IAA synthesis is regulated through complex gene networks responsive to environmental cues, impacting plant hormonal balances and symbiotic relationships. Pathogenic bacteria have adapted mechanisms to manipulate the host's IAA dynamics, influencing disease outcomes. On the other hand, beneficial bacteria utilize IAA to promote plant growth and mitigate abiotic stresses, thereby enhancing nutrient use efficiency and reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers. Advancements in analytical methods, such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, have improved the quantification of bacterial IAA, enabling accurate measurement and analysis. Future research focusing on molecular interactions between IAA-producing bacteria and host plants could facilitate the development of biotechnological applications that integrate beneficial bacteria to improve crop performance, which is essential for addressing the challenges posed by climate change and ensuring global food security. This integration of bacterial IAA producers into agricultural practice promises to revolutionize crop management strategies by enhancing growth, fostering resilience, and reducing environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Etesami
- Soil Science Department, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bernard R Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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3
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Malhotra P, Basu S, Lee BW, Oeller L, Crowder DW. Effects of Soil Rhizobia Abundance on Interactions between a Vector, Pathogen, and Legume Plant Host. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:273. [PMID: 38540332 PMCID: PMC10970239 DOI: 10.3390/genes15030273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil rhizobia promote nitrogen fixation in legume hosts, maximizing their tolerance to different biotic stressors, plant biomass, crop growth, and yield. While the presence of soil rhizobia is considered beneficial for plants, few studies have assessed whether variation in rhizobia abundance affects the tolerance of legumes to stressors. To address this, we assessed the effects of variable soil rhizobia inoculum concentrations on interactions between a legume host (Pisum sativum), a vector insect (Acyrthosiphon pisum), and a virus (Pea enation mosaic virus, PEMV). We showed that increased rhizobia abundance reduces the inhibitory effects of PEMV on the nodule formation and root growth in 2-week-old plants. However, these trends were reversed in 4-week-old plants. Rhizobia abundance did not affect shoot growth or virus prevalence in 2- or 4-week-old plants. Our results show that rhizobia abundance may indirectly affect legume tolerance to a virus, but effects varied based on plant age. To assess the mechanisms that mediated interactions between rhizobia, plants, aphids, and PEMV, we measured the relative expression of gene transcripts related to plant defense signaling. Rhizobia concentrations did not strongly affect the expression of defense genes associated with phytohormone signaling. Our study shows that an abundance of soil rhizobia may impact a plant's ability to tolerate stressors such as vector-borne pathogens, as well as aid in developing sustainable pest and pathogen management systems for legume crops. More broadly, understanding how variable rhizobia concentrations can optimize legume-rhizobia symbiosis may enhance the productivity of legume crops.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saumik Basu
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; (P.M.); (B.W.L.); (L.O.); (D.W.C.)
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Singh D, Thapa S, Singh JP, Mahawar H, Saxena AK, Singh SK, Mahla HR, Choudhary M, Parihar M, Choudhary KB, Chakdar H. Prospecting the Potential of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms for Mitigating Drought Stress in Crop Plants. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:84. [PMID: 38294725 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Drought is a global phenomenon affecting plant growth and productivity, the severity of which has impacts around the whole world. A number of approaches, such as agronomic, conventional breeding, and genetic engineering, are followed to increase drought resilience; however, they are often time consuming and non-sustainable. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms are used worldwide to mitigate drought stress in crop plants. These microorganisms exhibit multifarious traits, which not only help in improving plant and soil health, but also demonstrate capabilities in ameliorating drought stress. The present review highlights various adaptive strategies shown by these microbes in improving drought resilience, such as modulation of various growth hormones and osmoprotectant levels, modification of root morphology, exopolysaccharide production, and prevention of oxidative damage. Gene expression patterns providing an adaptive edge for further amelioration of drought stress have also been studied in detail. Furthermore, the practical applications of these microorganisms in soil are highlighted, emphasizing their potential to increase crop productivity without compromising long-term soil health. This review provides a comprehensive coverage of plant growth-promoting microorganisms-mediated drought mitigation strategies, insights into gene expression patterns, and practical applications, while also guiding future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Singh
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 342003, India
| | - Shobit Thapa
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Jyoti Prakash Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | - Himanshu Mahawar
- ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research (DWR) Maharajpur, Jabalpur, 482004, India
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India
| | | | - Hans Raj Mahla
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 342003, India
| | | | - Manoj Parihar
- ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, 342003, India
| | | | - Hillol Chakdar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Mau, Uttar Pradesh, 275103, India.
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Shao A, Fan S, Xu X, Wang W, Fu J. Identification and evolution analysis of YUCCA genes of Medicago sativa and Medicago truncatula and their expression profiles under abiotic stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1268027. [PMID: 37701802 PMCID: PMC10494245 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1268027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The YUCCAs (YUC) are functionally identified flavin-containing monooxidases (FMOs) in plants that act as an important rate-limiting enzyme functioning in the auxin synthesis IPA (indole-3-pyruvic acid) pathway. In this study, 12 MsYUCs and 15 MtYUCs containing characteristic conserved motifs were identified in M. sativa (Medicago sativa L.) and M. truncatula (Medicago truncatula Gaertn.), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that YUC proteins underwent an evolutionary divergence. Both tandem and segmental duplication events were presented in MsYUC and MtYUC genes. Comparative syntenic maps of M. sativa with M. truncatula, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), or rice (Oryza sativa L.) were constructed to illustrate the evolution relationship of the YUC gene family. A large number of cis-acting elements related to stress response and hormone regulation were revealed in the promoter sequences of MsYUCs. Expression analysis showed that MsYUCs had a tissue-specific, genotype-differential expression and a differential abiotic stress response pattern based on transcriptome data analysis of M. sativa online. In addition, RT-qPCR confirmed that salt stress significantly induced the expression of MsYUC1/MsYUC10 but significantly inhibited MsYUC2/MsYUC3 expression and the expression of MsYUC10/MsYUC11/MsYUC12 was significantly induced by cold treatment. These results could provide valuable information for functional analysis of YUC genes via gene engineering of the auxin synthetic IPA pathway in Medicago.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wei Wang
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jinmin Fu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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6
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Aloo BN, Dessureault-Rompré J, Tripathi V, Nyongesa BO, Were BA. Signaling and crosstalk of rhizobacterial and plant hormones that mediate abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1171104. [PMID: 37455718 PMCID: PMC10347528 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1171104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Agricultural areas exhibiting numerous abiotic stressors, such as elevated water stress, temperatures, and salinity, have grown as a result of climate change. As such, abiotic stresses are some of the most pressing issues in contemporary agricultural production. Understanding plant responses to abiotic stressors is important for global food security, climate change adaptation, and improving crop resilience for sustainable agriculture, Over the decades, explorations have been made concerning plant tolerance to these environmental stresses. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their phytohormones are some of the players involved in developing resistance to abiotic stress in plants. Several studies have investigated the part of phytohormones in the ability of plants to withstand and adapt to non-living environmental factors, but very few have focused on rhizobacterial hormonal signaling and crosstalk that mediate abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The main objective of this review is to evaluate the functions of PGPR phytohormones in plant abiotic stress tolerance and outline the current research on rhizobacterial hormonal communication and crosstalk that govern plant abiotic stress responses. The review also includes the gene networks and regulation under diverse abiotic stressors. The review is important for understanding plant responses to abiotic stresses using PGPR phytohormones and hormonal signaling. It is envisaged that PGPR offer a useful approach to increasing plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. However, further studies can reveal the unclear patterns of hormonal interactions between plants and rhizobacteria that mediate abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. N. Aloo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
| | | | - V. Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B. O. Nyongesa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - B. A. Were
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
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Goyal RK, Habtewold JZ. Evaluation of Legume-Rhizobial Symbiotic Interactions Beyond Nitrogen Fixation That Help the Host Survival and Diversification in Hostile Environments. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1454. [PMID: 37374957 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants often experience unfavorable conditions during their life cycle that impact their growth and sometimes their survival. A temporary phase of such stress, which can result from heavy metals, drought, salinity, or extremes of temperature or pH, can cause mild to enormous damage to the plant depending on its duration and intensity. Besides environmental stress, plants are the target of many microbial pathogens, causing diseases of varying severity. In plants that harbor mutualistic bacteria, stress can affect the symbiotic interaction and its outcome. To achieve the full potential of a symbiotic relationship between the host and rhizobia, it is important that the host plant maintains good growth characteristics and stay healthy under challenging environmental conditions. The host plant cannot provide good accommodation for the symbiont if it is infested with diseases and prone to other predators. Because the bacterium relies on metabolites for survival and multiplication, it is in its best interests to keep the host plant as stress-free as possible and to keep the supply stable. Although plants have developed many mitigation strategies to cope with stress, the symbiotic bacterium has developed the capability to augment the plant's defense mechanisms against environmental stress. They also provide the host with protection against certain diseases. The protective features of rhizobial-host interaction along with nitrogen fixation appear to have played a significant role in legume diversification. When considering a legume-rhizobial symbiosis, extra benefits to the host are sometimes overlooked in favor of the symbionts' nitrogen fixation efficiency. This review examines all of those additional considerations of a symbiotic interaction that enable the host to withstand a wide range of stresses, enabling plant survival under hostile regimes. In addition, the review focuses on the rhizosphere microbiome, which has emerged as a strong pillar of evolutionary reserve to equip the symbiotic interaction in the interests of both the rhizobia and host. The evaluation would draw the researchers' attention to the symbiotic relationship as being advantageous to the host plant as a whole and the role it plays in the plant's adaptation to unfavorable environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder K Goyal
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe Research and Development Center, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada
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8
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Sampedro-Guerrero J, Vives-Peris V, Gomez-Cadenas A, Clausell-Terol C. Efficient strategies for controlled release of nanoencapsulated phytohormones to improve plant stress tolerance. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:47. [PMID: 37189192 PMCID: PMC10184380 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01025-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate change due to different human activities is causing adverse environmental conditions and uncontrolled extreme weather events. These harsh conditions are directly affecting the crop areas, and consequently, their yield (both in quantity and quality) is often impaired. It is essential to seek new advanced technologies to allow plants to tolerate environmental stresses and maintain their normal growth and development. Treatments performed with exogenous phytohormones stand out because they mitigate the negative effects of stress and promote the growth rate of plants. However, the technical limitations in field application, the putative side effects, and the difficulty in determining the correct dose, limit their widespread use. Nanoencapsulated systems have attracted attention because they allow a controlled delivery of active compounds and for their protection with eco-friendly shell biomaterials. Encapsulation is in continuous evolution due to the development and improvement of new techniques economically affordable and environmentally friendly, as well as new biomaterials with high affinity to carry and coat bioactive compounds. Despite their potential as an efficient alternative to phytohormone treatments, encapsulation systems remain relatively unexplored to date. This review aims to emphasize the potential of phytohormone treatments as a means of enhancing plant stress tolerance, with a specific focus on the benefits that can be gained through the improved exogenous application of these treatments using encapsulation techniques. Moreover, the main encapsulation techniques, shell materials and recent work on plants treated with encapsulated phytohormones have been compiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Sampedro-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Vicente Vives-Peris
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Aurelio Gomez-Cadenas
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Ciencias Naturales, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.
| | - Carolina Clausell-Terol
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Instituto Universitario de Tecnología Cerámica, Universitat Jaume I, 12071, Castelló de la Plana, Castellón, Spain.
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Raza A, Mubarik MS, Sharif R, Habib M, Jabeen W, Zhang C, Chen H, Chen ZH, Siddique KHM, Zhuang W, Varshney RK. Developing drought-smart, ready-to-grow future crops. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20279. [PMID: 36366733 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Breeding crop plants with increased yield potential and improved tolerance to stressful environments is critical for global food security. Drought stress (DS) adversely affects agricultural productivity worldwide and is expected to rise in the coming years. Therefore, it is vital to understand the physiological, biochemical, molecular, and ecological mechanisms associated with DS. This review examines recent advances in plant responses to DS to expand our understanding of DS-associated mechanisms. Suboptimal water sources adversely affect crop growth and yields through physical impairments, physiological disturbances, biochemical modifications, and molecular adjustments. To control the devastating effect of DS in crop plants, it is important to understand its consequences, mechanisms, and the agronomic and genetic basis of DS for sustainable production. In addition to plant responses, we highlight several mitigation options such as omics approaches, transgenics breeding, genome editing, and biochemical to mechanical methods (foliar treatments, seed priming, and conventional agronomic practices). Further, we have also presented the scope of conventional and speed breeding platforms in helping to develop the drought-smart future crops. In short, we recommend incorporating several approaches, such as multi-omics, genome editing, speed breeding, and traditional mechanical strategies, to develop drought-smart cultivars to achieve the 'zero hunger' goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | | | - Rahat Sharif
- Dep. of Horticulture, College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou Univ., Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Madiha Habib
- National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Rd., Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Warda Jabeen
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National Univ. of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Chong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney Univ., Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The Univ. of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, 6009, Australia
| | - Weijian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry Univ., Fuzhou, 350002, China
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Murdoch Univ., Murdoch, WA, 6150, Australia
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Chiaranunt P, White JF. Plant Beneficial Bacteria and Their Potential Applications in Vertical Farming Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:400. [PMID: 36679113 PMCID: PMC9861093 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this literature review, we discuss the various functions of beneficial plant bacteria in improving plant nutrition, the defense against biotic and abiotic stress, and hormonal regulation. We also review the recent research on rhizophagy, a nutrient scavenging mechanism in which bacteria enter and exit root cells on a cyclical basis. These concepts are covered in the contexts of soil agriculture and controlled environment agriculture, and they are also used in vertical farming systems. Vertical farming-its advantages and disadvantages over soil agriculture, and the various climatic factors in controlled environment agriculture-is also discussed in relation to plant-bacterial relationships. The different factors under grower control, such as choice of substrate, oxygenation rates, temperature, light, and CO2 supplementation, may influence plant-bacterial interactions in unintended ways. Understanding the specific effects of these environmental factors may inform the best cultural practices and further elucidate the mechanisms by which beneficial bacteria promote plant growth.
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Wang L, Jian Z, Wang P, Zhao L, Chen K. Combined physiological responses and differential expression of drought-responsive genes preliminarily explain the drought resistance mechanism of Lotus corniculatus. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:46-57. [PMID: 36031596 DOI: 10.1071/fp22051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lotus corniculatus L. is a perennial high-quality legume forage species but is vulnerable to drought, and water deficit reduces productivity. To understand the drought response mechanism of L. corniculatus , we investigated physiological responses under drought stress and constructed suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) cDNA libraries to isolate drought-inducible genes and quantitatively study the expression levels of candidate drought- responsive genes. Genes encoding calmodulin-like protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase, indole-3-acetic acid-induced protein, ser/thr-protein phosphatase homolog-related proteins, and β -galactosidase-related protein with hydrolysis activity were isolated and considered the main factors that explained the resistance of L. corniculatus to drought. Approximately 632 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified and confirmed in the constructed SSH library. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these genes were involved mainly in transcription processes, protein synthesis, material metabolism, catalytic reactions, sugar metabolism, and photosynthesis. The interaction between the functions of these drought-related genes and the physiological responses preliminarily explains the drought resistance mechanisms of L. corniculatus .
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiting Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhongling Jian
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Puchang Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; and State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Keke Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Ferchichi Y, Rouz S, Mhara YB, Elimem M, Aranjuelo I, Soba D. Medicago sativa and M. tunetana reveal contrasting physiological and metabolic responses to drought. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153885. [PMID: 36470037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa production is frequently constrained by drought, indicating the importance of assessing species biodiversity in endemic close relatives to enhance forage production under future global change conditions. In the present study, plants of two ecotypes of M. tunetana, native to Tunisia, and four commercial cultivars of M. sativa were subjected to two water regimes (control vs drought [15% field capacity]). Physiological, isotopic and metabolic analyses were used to characterize leaf and nodule profiles of the plants. Biomass, gas exchange and the maximum carboxylation rate (Vcmax) indicated significant decreases in photosynthetic capacity under drought in M. sativa cultivars. However, M. tunetana ecotypes maintained photosynthetic performance and aboveground biomass under drought conditions. Furthermore, nitrogen isotope composition (δ15N) in nodules and leaves was significantly decreased, which reveals a reduction in the N2 fixing activity of nodules under drought conditions that was not translated into lower leaf N content but was probably due to lower N demand. Analyses of starch, soluble sugar, and amino acid content in leaves and nodules have clearly proven the ability of Medicago spp. cultivars to increase the accumulation of osmo-protectors under drought. This study demonstrated the genetic variability of the strategy adopted among the studied cultivars in response to drought. In this sense, M. tunetana, and in part the M. sativa cultivar adapted to Mediterranean conditions, seem capable of maintaining adequate biomass, photosynthesis and biological N2 fixation in comparison to the other M. sativa cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosr Ferchichi
- Laboratory of Agriculture Production Systems and Sustainable Development (LR03AGR02), Department of Agricultural Production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne-Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia; National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, 1082, Tunisia
| | - Slim Rouz
- Laboratory of Agriculture Production Systems and Sustainable Development (LR03AGR02), Department of Agricultural Production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne-Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia
| | - Yosr Ben Mhara
- Laboratory of Agriculture Production Systems and Sustainable Development (LR03AGR02), Department of Agricultural Production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne-Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia; National Institute of Agronomy of Tunisia, University of Carthage, Tunis, 1082, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Elimem
- Laboratory of Agriculture Production Systems and Sustainable Development (LR03AGR02), Department of Agricultural Production, Higher School of Agriculture of Mograne, University of Carthage, Mograne-Zaghouan, 1121, Tunisia
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain
| | - David Soba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Gobierno de Navarra, Avenida Pamplona 123, 31192, Mutilva, Spain.
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13
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Muhammad F, Raza MAS, Iqbal R, Zulfiqar F, Aslam MU, Yong JWH, Altaf MA, Zulfiqar B, Amin J, Ibrahim MA. Ameliorating Drought Effects in Wheat Using an Exclusive or Co-Applied Rhizobacteria and ZnO Nanoparticles. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1564. [PMID: 36358265 PMCID: PMC9687648 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic factor and affects cereal-based staple food production and reliability in developing countries such as Pakistan. To ensure a sustainable and consistent food supply, holistic production plans involving the integration of several drought mitigation approaches are required. Using a randomized complete block design strategy, we examined the drought-ameliorating characteristics of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and nanoparticles (NPs) exclusively or as a combined application (T4) through three stages (D1, D2, and D3) of wheat growth (T1, control). Our field research revealed that Azospirillum brasilense alone (T2) and zinc oxide NPs (T3) improved wheat plant water relations, chlorophyll, proline, phenolics and grain quality, yield, and their allied traits over the stressed treatments. Specifically, the best outcome was observed in the combined treatment of PGPR and ZnO NPs (T4). Interestingly, the combined treatment delivered effective drought mitigation through enhanced levels of antioxidants (15% APX, 27% POD, 35% CAT, 38% PPO and 44% SOD) over controls at the grain-filling stage (GFS, D3 × T1). The 40% improvements were recorded under the combined treatment at GFS over their respective controls. Their combined usage (PGPR and ZnO NPs) was concluded as an effective strategy for building wheat resilience under drought, especially in arid and semi-arid localities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqeer Muhammad
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman Aslam
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 23456 Alnarp, Sweden
| | | | - Bilal Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Jawad Amin
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arif Ibrahim
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
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14
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Molecular mechanisms associated with microbial biostimulant-mediated growth enhancement, priming and drought stress tolerance in maize plants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10450. [PMID: 35729338 PMCID: PMC9213556 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial-based biostimulants are emerging as effective strategies to improve agricultural productivity; however, the modes of action of such formulations are still largely unknown. Thus, herein we report elucidated metabolic reconfigurations in maize (Zea mays) leaves associated with growth promotion and drought stress tolerance induced by a microbial-based biostimulant, a Bacillus consortium. Morphophysiological measurements revealed that the biostimulant induced a significant increase in biomass and enzymatic regulators of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the targeted metabolomics approach revealed differential quantitative profiles in amino acid-, phytohormone-, flavonoid- and phenolic acid levels in plants treated with the biostimulant under well-watered, mild, and severe drought stress conditions. These metabolic alterations were complemented with gene expression and global DNA methylation profiles. Thus, the postulated framework, describing biostimulant-induced metabolic events in maize plants, provides actionable knowledge necessary for industries and farmers to confidently and innovatively explore, design and fully implement microbial-based formulations and strategies into agronomic practices for sustainable agriculture and food production.
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15
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Naz R, Gul F, Zahoor S, Nosheen A, Yasmin H, Keyani R, Shahid M, Hassan MN, Siddiqui MH, Batool S, Anwar Z, Ali N, Roberts TH. Interactive effects of hydrogen sulphide and silicon enhance drought and heat tolerance by modulating hormones, antioxidant defence enzymes and redox status in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:684-696. [PMID: 34879172 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent changes in climate have reduced crop productivity throughout much of the world. Drought and heat stress, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, have seriously affected barley production. This study explored the separate and interactive effects of silicon (Si) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) on plant growth and mitigation of the adverse effects of heat stress (DS) and drought stress (HS) in a barley pot experiment. The impacts of simultaneous DS + HS were more severe than individual stresses due to increased ROS production, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher electrolyte leakage (EL), thereby leading to reduced water, protein and photosynthetic pigment content. Exogenously applied Si and H2 S alleviated the DS-, HS- and DS + HS-induced effects on barley by reducing ROS production, MDA and EL. A single application of H2 S or Si + H2 S increased plant biomass under all stress conditions, which can be ascribed to higher Si accumulation in barley shoots. A single application of Si or H2 S significantly increased plant biomass. However, Si + H2 S was the most effective treatment for metabolite accumulation and elevating activity of antioxidant enzymes to prevent toxicity from oxidative stress. This treatment also modulated osmolyte content, enhanced antioxidant activity and regulated the stress signalling-related endogenous hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) and indole acetic acid (IAA). Exogenous treatments regulated endogenous H2 S and Si and resulted in higher tolerance to individual and combined drought and heat stress in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Naz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - F Gul
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - S Zahoor
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - A Nosheen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - H Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - R Keyani
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M N Hassan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Z Anwar
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - N Ali
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - T H Roberts
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Angulo V, Beriot N, Garcia-Hernandez E, Li E, Masteling R, Lau JA. Plant-microbe eco-evolutionary dynamics in a changing world. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 234:1919-1928. [PMID: 35114015 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Both plants and their associated microbiomes can respond strongly to anthropogenic environmental changes. These responses can be both ecological (e.g. a global change affecting plant demography or microbial community composition) and evolutionary (e.g. a global change altering natural selection on plant or microbial populations). As a result, global changes can catalyse eco-evolutionary feedbacks. Here, we take a plant-focused perspective to discuss how microbes mediate plant ecological responses to global change and how these ecological effects can influence plant evolutionary response to global change. We argue that the strong and functionally important relationships between plants and their associated microbes are particularly likely to result in eco-evolutionary feedbacks when perturbed by global changes and discuss how improved understanding of plant-microbe eco-evolutionary dynamics could inform conservation or even agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Angulo
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolas Beriot
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700AA, the Netherlands
- Sustainable Use, Management and Reclamation of Soil and Water Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII, 48, Cartagena, 30203, Spain
| | - Edisa Garcia-Hernandez
- Microbial Community Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9700 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Erqin Li
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, Utrecht, 3584 CH, the Netherlands
- Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Raul Masteling
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, Wageningen, 6708 PB, the Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, 2333 BE, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer A Lau
- Biology Department and the Environmental Resilience Institute, Indiana University, 1001 East 3rd St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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17
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Kurepa J, Smalle JA. Auxin/Cytokinin Antagonistic Control of the Shoot/Root Growth Ratio and Its Relevance for Adaptation to Drought and Nutrient Deficiency Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041933. [PMID: 35216049 PMCID: PMC8879491 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormones auxin and cytokinin regulate numerous aspects of plant development and often act as an antagonistic hormone pair. One of the more striking examples of the auxin/cytokinin antagonism involves regulation of the shoot/root growth ratio in which cytokinin promotes shoot and inhibits root growth, whereas auxin does the opposite. Control of the shoot/root growth ratio is essential for the survival of terrestrial plants because it allows growth adaptations to water and mineral nutrient availability in the soil. Because a decrease in shoot growth combined with an increase in root growth leads to survival under drought stress and nutrient limiting conditions, it was not surprising to find that auxin promotes, while cytokinin reduces, drought stress tolerance and nutrient uptake. Recent data show that drought stress and nutrient availability also alter the cytokinin and auxin signaling and biosynthesis pathways and that this stress-induced regulation affects cytokinin and auxin in the opposite manner. These antagonistic effects of cytokinin and auxin suggested that each hormone directly and negatively regulates biosynthesis or signaling of the other. However, a growing body of evidence supports unidirectional regulation, with auxin emerging as the primary regulatory component. This master regulatory role of auxin may not come as a surprise when viewed from an evolutionary perspective.
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18
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Pan R, Han H, Medison MB, Abou-Elwafa SF, Liu Y, Yang X, Zhang W. Aerenchyma formation in the root of leaf-vegetable sweet potato: Programmed cell death initiated by ethylene-mediated H 2 O 2 accumulation. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2361-2375. [PMID: 34671988 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sweet potato, commonly planted in Southeast Asia and South America with abundant rainfall, often suffers from waterlogging. The aerenchyma formation in roots is an effective way for plants to facilitate gas exchange. In the present study, tolerant and sensitive varieties, respectively, designated NC1 and C211, were evaluated under water oxygen content at 2.0 mg·L-1 (hypoxia treatment) and 8.0 mg·L-1 (control). The results showed that NC1 variety has a relatively higher root growth rate under low oxygen condition. In NC1 plants, aerenchyma was observed in the mid-section of the main adventitious root and spread to the proximal and distal ends, forming a complete channel in the cortex. However, in C211 plants, the aerenchyma occurred relatively later and could not turn into a whole channel. Ethylene synthesis-related (ACS1, ACS4, ACS5, etc.) and signal transduction-related (ETR1, ERS1, EIN2, etc.) genes were upregulated in the NC1 plants and led to changes in the reactive oxygen species-related genes (RBOHA, SOD, CAT, etc.) and enzyme activities. It was found that programmed cell death was induced by H2 O2 accumulation. A regulatory model of lysigenous aerenchyma formation in the root of sweet potato was constructed. Our study enriches the understanding of the mechanisms of the aerenchyma formation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Pan
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hui Han
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Milca Banda Medison
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | | | - Yi Liu
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
- Hubei Sweet potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinsun Yang
- Hubei Sweet potato Engineering and Technology Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Research Center of Crop Stresses Resistance Technologies/Engineering Research Centre of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
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19
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Li Y, He Y, Wang W, Li X, Xu X, Liu X, Li C, Wu Z. Plant-beneficial functions and interactions of Bacillus subtilis SL-44 and Enterobacter cloacae Rs-2 in co-culture by transcriptomics analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:56333-56344. [PMID: 34053038 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14578-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of mixed microbial agents can reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers in agriculture. However, most previous studies focused only on the overall effects of mixed microbial agents and ignored the interactions between bacteria in mixed systems. In this study, Bacillus subtilis SL-44 and Enterobacter cloacae Rs-2 were used to explore the interactions between two different functional plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The plant growth-promotion properties and inhibition rate of Rhizoctonia solani were determined, and the mechanism of the interactions under single and co-culture conditions was elucidated via transcriptomics analysis under single and co-culture conditions. Results showed that the co-culture was not conducive to B. subtilis SL-44 growth. Furthermore, the differentially expressed genes related to B. subtilis SL-44 developmental process and cell differentiation were downregulated by 82.7% and 84.8% respectively. Moreover, among the properties, only siderophore production by the mixed culture was higher than that of single cultures because of the upregulation of the siderophore-related genes of B. subtilis SL-44. In addition, results revealed the altruistic relationship between the two strains, and the chemical and non-chemical signals of their interaction. This study provides unique insights into PGPR interactions and offers guidance for the development and application of mixed microbial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui He
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueping Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhansheng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, People's Republic of China.
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Osmoprotectant and antioxidant effects of new synthesized 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclohex-3-enol on barley under drought stress. Biol Futur 2021; 72:241-249. [PMID: 34554477 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-020-00058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of present study was synthesize 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclohex-3-enol (11) and investigate its antioxidant properties in barley plants under drought stress. For this aim, 1,4-cyclohexadiene (7) was subjected to [2 + 2] ketene addition reaction with dichloro ketene and the chlorine atoms were reduced. After that, the cyclobutanone ring was converted to a lactone ring and the lactone ring was reduced with LiAlH4. Subsequently, 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclohex-3-enol (13) was obtained with high yield. The structures of the synthesized molecules were clarified by NMR, FTIR, GCMS spectroscopic methods. Two different methods were used to evaluate antioxidant activity of cyclohexenediol 11. One of them was DPPH radical scavenging activity which was used extensively. Also, osmoprotectant and antioxidant effects of 6-(2-hydroxyethyl)cyclohex-3-enol (13) were investigated in barley under drought stress. Drought decreased the relative water content (RWC) and water potential (WP) in barley leaves. Cyclohexenediol 11 treatment remarkably increased RWC and WP in leaves under drought conditions. Superoxide [Formula: see text] and nitric oxide (NO) accumulated under drought. In cyclohexenediol 11 treated-plants, the accumulation [Formula: see text] and NO were strongly reduced under drought conditions. Our results showed that cyclohexenediol 11 helped barley plants for maintaining water under drought stress; this makes synthetic cyclitol cyclohexenediol 11 as a good osmoprotectant candidate. Another important result in this study was the strong radical scavenging potential of cyclohexenediol 11. We think that much more comprehensive biochemical studies should be conducted to determine how cyclohexenediol 11 performs the radical scavenge role.
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21
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Zhao Z, Kou M, Zhong R, Xia C, Christensen MJ, Zhang X. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Plant Hormone Biosynthesis and Response Pathway Modification by Epichloëgansuensis in Achnatheruminebrians under Different Soil Moisture Availability. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7080640. [PMID: 34436179 PMCID: PMC8398561 DOI: 10.3390/jof7080640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to explore the effects of the endophyte Epichloë gansuensis on gene expression related to plant hormone biosynthesis and response pathways and the content of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) hormones of Achnatherum inebrians, under different moisture conditions. Through a pot experiment and transcriptome analysis, we found a total of 51 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to hormone biosynthesis and response pathways, including 12 auxin related genes, 8 cytokinin (CTK) related genes, 3 gibberellin (GA) related genes, 7 abscisic acid (ABA) related genes, 7 ethylene (ET) related genes, 12 JA related genes and 4 SA related genes. Furthermore, key genes of JA and SA biosynthesis and response pathways, such as LOX2S, AOS, OPR, ACX, JMT, JAZ, PAL, NPR1, TGA and PR-1, showed different degrees of upregulation or downregulation. Under 60% soil moisture content, the JA content of endophyte-free (EF) A. inebrians was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of endophyte-infected (EI) A. inebrians. Under 30% and 60% soil moisture content, the SA content of EF A. inebrians was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of EI A. inebrians. SA content of EI A. inebrians under 30% and 60% soil moisture content was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that under 15% soil moisture content. With both EI and EF plants, the SA and JA levels, respectively, are very similar at 15% soil moisture content. This study has revealed that E. gansuensis differentially activated plant hormone synthesis and signal transduction pathways of A. inebrians plants under different soil moisture availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenrui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Z.); (M.K.); (R.Z.); (C.X.)
| | - Mingzhu Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Z.); (M.K.); (R.Z.); (C.X.)
| | - Rui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Z.); (M.K.); (R.Z.); (C.X.)
| | - Chao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Z.); (M.K.); (R.Z.); (C.X.)
| | | | - Xingxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; (Z.Z.); (M.K.); (R.Z.); (C.X.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Sheteiwy MS, Shaghaleh H, Hamoud YA, Holford P, Shao H, Qi W, Hashmi MZ, Wu T. Zinc oxide nanoparticles: potential effects on soil properties, crop production, food processing, and food quality. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:36942-36966. [PMID: 34043175 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14542-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is expected to increase soil fertility, crop productivity, and food quality. However, the potential effects of ZnO NP utilization should be deeply understood. This review highlights the behavior of ZnO NPs in soil and their interactions with the soil components. The review discusses the potential effects of ZnO NPs on plants and their mechanisms of action on plants and how these mechanisms are related to their physicochemical properties. The impact of current applications of ZnO NPs in the food industry is also discussed. Based on the literature reviewed, soil properties play a vital role in dispersing, aggregation, stability, bioavailability, and transport of ZnO NPs and their release into the soil. The transfer of ZnO NPs into the soil can affect the soil components, and subsequently, the structure of plants. The toxic effects of ZnO NPs on plants and microbes are caused by various mechanisms, mainly through the generation of reactive oxygen species, lysosomal destabilization, DNA damage, and the reduction of oxidative stress through direct penetration/liberation of Zn2+ ions in plant/microbe cells. The integration of ZnO NPs in food processing improves the properties of the relative ZnO NP-based nano-sensing, active packing, and food/feed bioactive ingredients delivery systems, leading to better food quality and safety. The unregulated/unsafe discharge concentrations of ZnO NPs into the soil, edible plant tissues, and processed foods raise environmental/safety concerns and adverse effects. Therefore, the safety issues related to ZnO NP applications in the soil, plants, and food are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salah Sheteiwy
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Science (JAAS), Nanjing, 210014, China
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Hiba Shaghaleh
- College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yousef Alhaj Hamoud
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, NSW, 2751, Penrith, Australia
| | - Hongbo Shao
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Science (JAAS), Nanjing, 210014, China.
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng, China.
| | - Weicong Qi
- Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Science (JAAS), Nanjing, 210014, China
| | | | - Tianow Wu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
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23
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Kumar U, Kaviraj M, Rout S, Chakraborty K, Swain P, Nayak PK, Nayak AK. Combined application of ascorbic acid and endophytic N-fixing Azotobacter chroococcum Avi2 modulates photosynthetic efficacy, antioxidants and growth-promotion in rice under moisture deficit stress. Microbiol Res 2021; 250:126808. [PMID: 34146939 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This group has previously reported the role of ascorbic acid (AA) as an antioxidant for survivability and ability to enhancing diazotrophic efficacy in Azotobacter chroococcum Avi2 under hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) stress. However, the present study showed the combined application of AA and Avi2 in drought-susceptible (IR64 and Naveen) and drought-tolerant (Ankit and Satyabhama) rice cultivars to determine their photosynthetic efficacy (chlorophyll fluorescence-imaging), antioxidants, and plant growth-promotion (PGP) under moisture deficit stress (MS, -60 kPa). The results indicated that combined application of AA and Avi2 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the total chlorophyll, relative water content, electrolytic leakage, super oxide dismutase, and catalase activities in all rice cultivars as compared to other MS treatments, whereas stress indicators like proline and H2O2 contents were proportionally increased under MS and their concentration were normalized under combined application of AA and Avi2. Photochemical quenching, non-photochemical quenching, photosynthetic electron transport rate, and the effective quantum efficiency were found to be increased significantly (p < 0.05) in Avi2 + AA as compared to other MS treatments. Moreover, rice roots harbored significantly (p < 0.05) higher copy number of nifH gene in Avi2 + AA treatment followed by Avi2 compared to flooded control and other MS treatments. Combined application of AA and Avi2 also increased the grain yield significantly (p < 0.05) by 7.09 % and 3.92 % in drought-tolerant (Ankit and Satyabhama, respectively) and 31.70 % and 34.19 % in drought-susceptible (IR64 and Naveen, respectively) rice cultivars compared to MS treatment. Overall, the present study indicated that AA along with Avi2 could be an effective formulation to alleviate MS vis à vis enhances PGP traits in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upendra Kumar
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India.
| | - Megha Kaviraj
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Snehasini Rout
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - K Chakraborty
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - P Swain
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - P K Nayak
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - A K Nayak
- ICAR- National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
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Tufail MA, Touceda-González M, Pertot I, Ehlers RU. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 Enhances Plant Robustness Status under the Combination of Moderate Drought and Low Nitrogen Stress in Zea mays L. Microorganisms 2021; 9:870. [PMID: 33920684 PMCID: PMC8073419 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria, which can fix nitrogen, plays a vital role in plant growth promotion. Previous authors have evaluated the effect of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus Pal5 inoculation on plants subjected to different sources of abiotic stress on an individual basis. The present study aimed to appraise the effect of G. diazotrophicus inoculation on the amelioration of the individual and combined effects of drought and nitrogen stress in maize plants (Zea mays L.). A pot experiment was conducted whereby treatments consisted of maize plants cultivated under drought stress, in soil with a low nitrogen concentration and these two stress sources combined, with and without G. diazotrophicus seed inoculation. The inoculated plants showed increased plant biomass, chlorophyll content, plant nitrogen uptake, and water use efficiency. A general increase in copy numbers of G. diazotrophicus, based on 16S rRNA gene quantification, was detected under combined moderate stress, in addition to an increase in the abundance of genes involved in N fixation (nifH). Endophytic colonization of bacteria was negatively affected by severe stress treatments. Overall, G. diazotrophicus Pal5 can be considered as an effective tool to increase maize crop production under drought conditions with low application of nitrogen fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aammar Tufail
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano 77, 38123 Trento, Italy
- e-nema Gesellschaft für Biotechnologie und Biologischen Pflanzenschutz mbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany; (M.T.-G.); (R.-U.E.)
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
| | - María Touceda-González
- e-nema Gesellschaft für Biotechnologie und Biologischen Pflanzenschutz mbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany; (M.T.-G.); (R.-U.E.)
| | - Ilaria Pertot
- Department of Sustainable Agro-Ecosystems and Bioresources, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy;
- Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Via E. Mach 1, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Ralf-Udo Ehlers
- e-nema Gesellschaft für Biotechnologie und Biologischen Pflanzenschutz mbH, Klausdorfer Str. 28-36, 24223 Schwentinental, Germany; (M.T.-G.); (R.-U.E.)
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25
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Goyal RK, Schmidt MA, Hynes MF. Molecular Biology in the Improvement of Biological Nitrogen Fixation by Rhizobia and Extending the Scope to Cereals. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9010125. [PMID: 33430332 PMCID: PMC7825764 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of biological nitrogen fixation to the total N requirement of food and feed crops diminished in importance with the advent of synthetic N fertilizers, which fueled the “green revolution”. Despite being environmentally unfriendly, the synthetic versions gained prominence primarily due to their low cost, and the fact that most important staple crops never evolved symbiotic associations with bacteria. In the recent past, advances in our knowledge of symbiosis and nitrogen fixation and the development and application of recombinant DNA technology have created opportunities that could help increase the share of symbiotically-driven nitrogen in global consumption. With the availability of molecular biology tools, rapid improvements in symbiotic characteristics of rhizobial strains became possible. Further, the technology allowed probing the possibility of establishing a symbiotic dialogue between rhizobia and cereals. Because the evolutionary process did not forge a symbiotic relationship with the latter, the potential of molecular manipulations has been tested to incorporate a functional mechanism of nitrogen reduction independent of microbes. In this review, we discuss various strategies applied to improve rhizobial strains for higher nitrogen fixation efficiency, more competitiveness and enhanced fitness under unfavorable environments. The challenges and progress made towards nitrogen self-sufficiency of cereals are also reviewed. An approach to integrate the genetically modified elite rhizobia strains in crop production systems is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder K. Goyal
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Augusta Schmidt
- Lacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB T4L 1W1, Canada;
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Michael F. Hynes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
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26
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Hartmann A, Klink S, Rothballer M. Plant Growth Promotion and Induction of Systemic Tolerance to Drought and Salt Stress of Plants by Quorum Sensing Auto-Inducers of the N-acyl-homoserine Lactone Type: Recent Developments. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:683546. [PMID: 34135932 PMCID: PMC8200625 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.683546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anton Hartmann
- Microbe-Host Interactions, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anton Hartmann,
| | - Sophia Klink
- Institute of Network Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Rothballer
- Institute of Network Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
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27
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Oleńska E, Małek W, Wójcik M, Swiecicka I, Thijs S, Vangronsveld J. Beneficial features of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria for improving plant growth and health in challenging conditions: A methodical review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140682. [PMID: 32758827 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
New eco-friendly approaches are required to improve plant biomass production. Beneficial plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria may be exploited as excellent and efficient biotechnological tools to improve plant growth in various - including stressful - environments. We present an overview of bacterial mechanisms which contribute to plant health, growth, and development. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) can interact with plants directly by increasing the availability of essential nutrients (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus, iron), production and regulation of compounds involved in plant growth (e.g. phytohormones), and stress hormonal status (e.g. ethylene levels by ACC-deaminase). They can also indirectly affect plants by protecting them against diseases via competition with pathogens for highly limited nutrients, biocontrol of pathogens through production of aseptic-activity compounds, synthesis of fungal cell wall lysing enzymes, and induction of systemic responses in host plants. The potential of PGPR to facilitate plant growth is of fundamental importance, especially in case of abiotic stress, where bacteria can support plant fitness, stress tolerance, and/or even assist in remediation of pollutants. Providing additional evidence and better understanding of bacterial traits underlying plant growth-promotion can inspire and stir up the development of innovative solutions exploiting PGPR in times of highly variable environmental and climatological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oleńska
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Wanda Małek
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Izabela Swiecicka
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Sofie Thijs
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan D, B-3590, Belgium.
| | - Jaco Vangronsveld
- Faculty of Sciences, Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan D, B-3590, Belgium.
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28
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Alemneh AA, Zhou Y, Ryder MH, Denton MD. Mechanisms in plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria that enhance legume-rhizobial symbioses. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:1133-1156. [PMID: 32592603 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen fixation is an important biological process in terrestrial ecosystems and for global crop production. Legume nodulation and N2 fixation have been improved using nodule-enhancing rhizobacteria (NER) under both regular and stressed conditions. The positive effect of NER on legume-rhizobia symbiosis can be facilitated by plant growth-promoting (PGP) mechanisms, some of which remain to be identified. NER that produce aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase and indole acetic acid enhance the legume-rhizobia symbiosis through (i) enhancing the nodule induction, (ii) improving the competitiveness of rhizobia for nodulation, (iii) prolonging functional nodules by suppressing nodule senescence and (iv) upregulating genes associated with legume-rhizobia symbiosis. The means by which these processes enhance the legume-rhizobia symbiosis is the focus of this review. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which PGP rhizobacteria operate, and how they can be altered, will provide opportunities to enhance legume-rhizobial interactions, to provide new advances in plant growth promotion and N2 fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Alemneh
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.,China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Y Zhou
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.,China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - M H Ryder
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.,China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - M D Denton
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia.,China-Australia Joint Laboratory for Soil Ecological Health and Remediation, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
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29
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Dimkpa CO, Andrews J, Sanabria J, Bindraban PS, Singh U, Elmer WH, Gardea-Torresdey JL, White JC. Interactive effects of drought, organic fertilizer, and zinc oxide nanoscale and bulk particles on wheat performance and grain nutrient accumulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 722:137808. [PMID: 32199367 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Drought (40% field moisture capacity), organic fertilizer (O-F; 10%), and nano vs. bulk-ZnO particles (1.7 vs. 3.5 mg Zn/kg) were assessed in soil to determine their interactive effects on wheat performance and nutrient acquisition. Drought significantly reduced (6%) chlorophyll levels, whereas nano and bulk-ZnO alleviated some stress, thereby increasing (14-16%) chlorophyll levels, compared to the control. O-F increased (29%) chlorophyll levels and counteracted Zn's effect. Drought delayed (3-days) panicle emergence; O-F, nano and bulk-ZnO each accelerated (5-days) panicle emergence under drought, relative to the control and absence of O-F. Drought reduced (51%) grain yield, while O-F increased (130%) yield under drought. Grain yield was unaffected by Zn treatment under drought but increased (88%) under non-drought condition with bulk-ZnO, relative to the control. Drought lowered (43%) shoot Zn uptake. Compared to the control, nano and bulk-ZnO increased (39 and 23%, respectively) shoot Zn in the absence of O-F, whereas O-F amendment enhanced (94%) shoot Zn. Drought increased (48%) grain Zn concentration; nano and bulk-ZnO increased (29 and 18%, respectively) grain Zn, relative to the control, and O-F increased (85%) grain Zn. Zn recovery efficiency was in the order O-F > nano-ZnO > bulk-ZnO, regardless of the water status. Grain Fe concentration was unaffected by drought, under which O-F significantly reduced grain Fe, and nano-ZnO significantly reduced grain Fe, in the absence of O-F. Nano and bulk-ZnO also significantly reduced grain Fe, with O-F amendment under drought. Drought can have dire consequences for food and nutrition security, with implications for human health. This study demonstrated that drought-induced effects in food crops can be partially or wholly alleviated by ZnO particles and Zn-rich O-F. Understanding the interactions of drought and potential mitigation strategies such as fertilization with Zn-rich organic manure and ZnO can increase options for sustaining food production and quality under adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian O Dimkpa
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, United States.
| | - Joshua Andrews
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, United States
| | - Joaquin Sanabria
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, United States
| | - Prem S Bindraban
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, United States
| | - Upendra Singh
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, United States
| | - Wade H Elmer
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | - Jorge L Gardea-Torresdey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas, El Paso, TX 79968, United States
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
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30
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Dimkpa CO, Andrews J, Fugice J, Singh U, Bindraban PS, Elmer WH, Gardea-Torresdey JL, White JC. Facile Coating of Urea With Low-Dose ZnO Nanoparticles Promotes Wheat Performance and Enhances Zn Uptake Under Drought Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:168. [PMID: 32174943 PMCID: PMC7055539 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) hold promise as novel fertilizer nutrients for crops. However, their ultra-small size could hinder large-scale field application due to potential for drift, untimely dissolution or aggregation. In this study, urea was coated with ZnO-NPs (1%) or bulk ZnO (2%) and evaluated in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a greenhouse, under drought (40% field moisture capacity; FMC) and non-drought (80% FMC) conditions, in comparison with urea not coated with ZnO (control), and urea with separate ZnO-NP (1%) or bulk ZnO (2%) amendment. Plants were exposed to ≤ 2.17 mg/kg ZnO-NPs and ≤ 4.34 mg/kg bulk-ZnO, indicating exposure to a higher rate of Zn from the bulk ZnO. ZnO-NPs and bulk-ZnO showed similar urea coating efficiencies of 74-75%. Drought significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased time to panicle initiation, reduced grain yield, and inhibited uptake of Zn, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). Under drought, ZnO-NPs significantly reduced average time to panicle initiation by 5 days, irrespective of coating, and relative to the control. In contrast, bulk ZnO did not affect time to panicle initiation. Compared to the control, grain yield increased significantly, 51 or 39%, with ZnO-NP-coated or uncoated urea. Yield increases from bulk-ZnO-coated or uncoated urea were insignificant, compared to both the control and the ZnO-NP treatments. Plant uptake of Zn increased by 24 or 8% with coated or uncoated ZnO-NPs; and by 78 or 10% with coated or uncoated bulk-ZnO. Under non-drought conditions, Zn treatment did not significantly reduce panicle initiation time, except with uncoated bulk-ZnO. Relative to the control, ZnO-NPs (irrespective of coating) significantly increased grain yield; and coated ZnO-NPs enhanced Zn uptake significantly. Zn fertilization did not significantly affect N and P uptake, regardless of particle size or coating. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that coating urea with ZnO-NPs enhances plant performance and Zn accumulation, thus potentiating field-scale deployment of nano-scale micronutrients. Notably, lower Zn inputs from ZnO-NPs enhanced crop productivity, comparable to higher inputs from bulk-ZnO. This highlights a key benefit of nanofertilizers: a reduction of nutrient inputs into agriculture without yield penalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian O. Dimkpa
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Christian O. Dimkpa,
| | - Joshua Andrews
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL, United States
| | - Job Fugice
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL, United States
| | - Upendra Singh
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL, United States
| | - Prem S. Bindraban
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL, United States
| | - Wade H. Elmer
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jason C. White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, United States
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31
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Rupal K S, Raval VH, Saraf M. Biosynthesis and purification of indole-3-acetic acid by halotolerant rhizobacteria isolated from Little Runn of Kachchh. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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32
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Dimkpa CO, Singh U, Bindraban PS, Elmer WH, Gardea-Torresdey JL, White JC. Zinc oxide nanoparticles alleviate drought-induced alterations in sorghum performance, nutrient acquisition, and grain fortification. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:926-934. [PMID: 31726574 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental event affecting crop productivity and nutritional quality, and potentially, human nutrition. This study evaluated drought effects on performance and nutrient acquisition and distribution in sorghum; and whether ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) might alleviate such effects. Soil was amended with ZnO-NPs at 1, 3, and 5 mg Zn/kg, and drought was imposed 4 weeks after seed germination by maintaining the soil at 40% of field moisture capacity. Flag leaf and grain head emergence were delayed 6-17 days by drought, but the delays were reduced to 4-5 days by ZnO-NPs. Drought significantly (p < 0.05) reduced (76%) grain yield; however, ZnO-NP amendment under drought improved grain (22-183%) yield. Drought inhibited grain nitrogen (N) translocation (57%) and total (root, shoot and grain) N acquisition (22%). However, ZnO-NPs (5 mg/kg) improved (84%) grain N translocation relative to the drought control and restored total N levels to the non-drought condition. Shoot uptake of phosphorus (P) was promoted (39%) by drought, while grain P translocation was inhibited (63%); however, ZnO-NPs lowered total P acquisition under drought by 11-23%. Drought impeded shoot uptake (45%), grain translocation (71%) and total acquisition (41%) of potassium (K). ZnO-NP amendment (5 mg/kg) to drought-affected plants improved total K acquisition (16-30%) and grain K (123%), relative to the drought control. Drought lowered (32%) average grain Zn concentration; however, ZnO-NP amendments improved (94%) grain Zn under drought. This study represents the first evidence of mitigation of drought stress in full-term plants solely by exposure to ZnO-NPs in soil. The ability of ZnO-NPs to accelerate plant development, promote yield, fortify edible grains with critically essential nutrients such as Zn, and improve N acquisition under drought stress has strong implications for increasing cropping systems resilience, sustaining human/animal food/feed and nutrition security, and reducing nutrient losses and environmental pollution associated with N-fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian O Dimkpa
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, United States.
| | - Upendra Singh
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, United States
| | - Prem S Bindraban
- International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), Muscle Shoals, AL 35662, United States
| | - Wade H Elmer
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
| | | | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, United States
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33
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Blakeslee JJ, Spatola Rossi T, Kriechbaumer V. Auxin biosynthesis: spatial regulation and adaptation to stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5041-5049. [PMID: 31198972 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone auxin is essential for plant growth and development, controlling both organ development and overall plant architecture. Auxin homeostasis is regulated by coordination of biosynthesis, transport, conjugation, sequestration/storage, and catabolism to optimize concentration-dependent growth responses and adaptive responses to temperature, water stress, herbivory, and pathogens. At present, the best defined pathway of auxin biosynthesis is the TAA/YUC route, in which the tryptophan aminotransferases TAA and TAR and YUCCA flavin-dependent monooxygenases produce the auxin indole-3-acetic acid from tryptophan. This review highlights recent advances in our knowledge of TAA/YUC-dependent auxin biosynthesis focusing on membrane localization of auxin biosynthetic enzymes, differential regulation in root and shoot tissue, and auxin biosynthesis during abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Blakeslee
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Tatiana Spatola Rossi
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Verena Kriechbaumer
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
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34
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Soba D, Zhou B, Arrese-Igor C, Munné-Bosch S, Aranjuelo I. Physiological, Hormonal and Metabolic Responses of two Alfalfa Cultivars with Contrasting Responses to Drought. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5099. [PMID: 31618819 PMCID: PMC6829892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is frequently constrained by environmental conditions such as drought. Within this context, it is crucial to identify the physiological and metabolic traits conferring a better performance under stressful conditions. In the current study, two alfalfa cultivars (San Isidro and Zhong Mu) with different physiological strategies were selected and subjected to water limitation conditions. Together with the physiological analyses, we proceeded to characterize the isotopic, hormone, and metabolic profiles of the different plants. According to physiological and isotopic data, Zhong Mu has a water-saver strategy, reducing water lost by closing its stomata but fixing less carbon by photosynthesis, and therefore limiting its growth under water-stressed conditions. In contrast, San Isidro has enhanced root growth to replace the water lost through transpiration due to its more open stomata, thus maintaining its biomass. Zhong Mu nodules were less able to maintain nodule N2 fixing activity (matching plant nitrogen (N) demand). Our data suggest that this cultivar-specific performance is linked to Asn accumulation and its consequent N-feedback nitrogenase inhibition. Additionally, we observed a hormonal reorchestration in both cultivars under drought. Therefore, our results showed an intra-specific response to drought at physiological and metabolic levels in the two alfalfa cultivars studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Soba
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, 31006 Mutilva, Spain.
| | - Bangwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Cesar Arrese-Igor
- Department of Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology, Universidad Pública de Navarra, E-31006 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Iker Aranjuelo
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, 31006 Mutilva, Spain.
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Defez R, Andreozzi A, Romano S, Pocsfalvi G, Fiume I, Esposito R, Angelini C, Bianco C. Bacterial IAA-Delivery into Medicago Root Nodules Triggers a Balanced Stimulation of C and N Metabolism Leading to a Biomass Increase. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100403. [PMID: 31569530 PMCID: PMC6843515 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is the main auxin acting as a phytohormone in many plant developmental processes. The ability to synthesize IAA is widely associated with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Several studies have been published on the potential application of PGPR to improve plant growth through the enhancement of their main metabolic processes. In this study, the IAA-overproducing Ensifer meliloti strain RD64 and its parental strain 1021 were used to inoculate Medicago sativa plants. After verifying that the endogenous biosynthesis of IAA did not lead to genomic changes during the initial phases of the symbiotic process, we analyzed whether the overproduction of bacterial IAA inside root nodules influenced, in a coordinated manner, the activity of the nitrogen-fixing apparatus and the photosynthetic function, which are the two processes playing a key role in legume plant growth and productivity. Higher nitrogen-fixing activity and a greater amount of total nitrogen (N), carbon (C), Rubisco, nitrogen-rich amino acids, soluble sugars, and organic acids were measured for RD64-nodulated plants compared to the plants nodulated by the wild-type strain 1021. Furthermore, the RD64-nodulated plants showed a biomass increase over time, with the highest increment (more than 60%) being reached at six weeks after infection. Our findings show that the RD64-nodulated plants need more substrate derived from photosynthesis to generate the ATP required for their increased nitrogenase activity. This high carbohydrate demand further stimulates the photosynthetic function with the production of molecules that can be used to promote plant growth. We thus speculate that the use of PGPR able to stimulate both C and N metabolism with a balanced C/N ratio represents an efficient strategy to obtain substantial gains in plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Defez
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Anna Andreozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Silvia Romano
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Pocsfalvi
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Immacolata Fiume
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Roberta Esposito
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "A.B.T.", CNR, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudia Angelini
- Institute for Applied Mathematics "Mauro Picone" IAC, CNR, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Carmen Bianco
- Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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Bertolazi AA, de Souza SB, Ruas KF, Campostrini E, de Rezende CE, Cruz C, Melo J, Colodete CM, Varma A, Ramos AC. Inoculation With Piriformospora indica Is More Efficient in Wild-Type Rice Than in Transgenic Rice Over-Expressing the Vacuolar H +-PPase. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1087. [PMID: 31156595 PMCID: PMC6530341 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving food security in a context of environmental sustainability is one of the main challenges of the XXI century. Two competing strategies to achieve this goal are the use of genetically modified plants and the use of plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs). However, few studies assess the response of genetically modified plants to PGPMs. The aim of this study was to compare the response of over-expressing the vacuolar H+-PPase (AVP) and wild-type rice types to the endophytic fungus; Piriformospora indica. Oryza sativa plants (WT and AVP) were inoculated with P. indica and 30 days later, morphological, ecophysiological and bioenergetic parameters, and nutrient content were assessed. AVP and WT plant heights were strongly influenced by inoculation with P. indica, which also promoted increases in fresh and dry matter of shoot in both genotypes. This may be related with the stimulatory effect of P. indica on ecophysiological parameters, especially photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intrinsic water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency. However, there were differences between the genotypes concerning the physiological mechanisms leading to biomass increment. In WT plants, inoculation with P. indica stimulated all H+ pumps. However, in inoculated AVP plants, H+-PPase was stimulated, but P- and V-ATPases were inhibited. Fungal inoculation enhanced nutrient uptake in both shoots and roots of WT and AVP plants, compared to uninoculated plants; but among inoculated genotypes, the nutrient uptake was lower in AVP than in WT plants. These results clearly demonstrate that the symbiosis between P. indica and AVP plants did not benefit those plants, which may be related to the inefficient colonization of this fungus on the transgenic plants, demonstrating an incompatibility of this symbiosis, which needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Azevedo Bertolazi
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Sávio Bastos de Souza
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Katherine Fraga Ruas
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Eliemar Campostrini
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, CCTA, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo de Rezende
- Laboratory of Environmental Sciences, CBB, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense (UENF), Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| | - Cristina Cruz
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (Ce3C), Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Portugal
| | - Juliana Melo
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (Ce3C), Faculty of Sciences, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Portugal
| | - Carlos Moacir Colodete
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - Alessandro Coutinho Ramos
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universidade Vila Velha (UVV), Vila Velha, Brazil
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Harman GE, Uphoff N. Symbiotic Root-Endophytic Soil Microbes Improve Crop Productivity and Provide Environmental Benefits. SCIENTIFICA 2019; 2019:9106395. [PMID: 31065398 PMCID: PMC6466867 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9106395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants should not be regarded as entities unto themselves, but as the visible part of plant-microbe complexes which are best understood as "holobiomes." Some microorganisms when given the opportunity to inhabit plant roots become root symbionts. Such root colonization by symbiotic microbes can raise crop yields by promoting the growth of both shoots and roots, by enhancing uptake, fixation, and/or more efficient use of nutrients, by improving plants' resistance to pests, diseases, and abiotic stresses that include drought, salt, and other environmental conditions, and by enhancing plants' capacity for photosynthesis. We refer plant-microbe associations with these capabilities that have been purposefully established as enhanced plant holobiomes (EPHs). Here, we consider four groups of phylogenetically distinct and distant symbiotic endophytes: (1) Rhizobiaceae bacteria; (2) plant-obligate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF); (3) selected endophytic strains of fungi in the genus Trichoderma; and (4) fungi in the Sebicales order, specifically Piriformospora indica. Although these exhibit quite different "lifestyles" when inhabiting plants, all induce beneficial systemic changes in plants' gene expression that are surprisingly similar. For example, all induce gene expression that produces proteins which detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are increased by environmental stresses on plants or by overexcitation of photosynthetic pigments. Gene overexpression results in a cellular environment where ROS levels are controlled and made more compatible with plants' metabolic processes. EPHs also frequently exhibit increased rates of photosynthesis that contribute to greater plant growth and other capabilities. Soil organic matter (SOM) is augmented when plant root growth is increased and roots remain in the soil. The combination of enhanced photosynthesis, increasing sequestration of CO2 from the air, and elevation of SOM removes C from the atmosphere and stores it in the soil. Reductions in global greenhouse gas levels can be accelerated by incentives for carbon farming and carbon cap-and-trade programs that reward such climate-friendly agriculture. The development and spread of EPHs as part of such initiatives has potential both to enhance farm productivity and incomes and to decelerate global warming.
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Muresu R, Porceddu A, Sulas L, Squartini A. Nodule-associated microbiome diversity in wild populations of Sulla coronaria reveals clues on the relative importance of culturable rhizobial symbionts and co-infecting endophytes. Microbiol Res 2019; 221:10-14. [PMID: 30825937 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The culturable bacteria from root nodules of Sulla coronaria growing in spontaneous conditions in Sardinia were characterized. This plant's peculiarity is to represent a legume still found in both wild and cropped statuses. We tested whether culturable bacteria would differ from those commonly isolated from its field-cropped varieties, to date exclusively represented by Rhizobium sullae. 63 isolates from 60 surface-sterilized nodules were analyzed by ARDRA and 16S rDNA sequencing. The official nitrogen-fixing symbiont Rhizobium sullae was found only in 25 nodules out of 60. The remaining nodules did not yield culturable rhizobia but a number of different endophytic genera including Pseudomonas sp. (17 nodules), Microbacterium sp. (15 nodules), Pantoea agglomerans (5 nodules). The situation appears therefore a hybrid between what is commonly observed in other Mediterranean legumes occurring only in wild status (featuring non-culturable rhizobia and arrays of culturable endophytes within nodules), as opposed to cropped legumes (endowed with fully culturable rhizobia and minimal endophytic occurrence). These findings, within a species bridging the ecology between native and cropped conditions, suggest insights on the relative importance of endophytic co-occupancy vs. true N-fixing symbiont culturability within nodules. The latter trait thus appears to accompany the domestication path of plants with a main trade-off of renouncing to interactions with a diversity of endophytic co-invaders; the relationships with those being critical in the non-cropped status. In fact, endophytes are known to promote plant growth in harsh conditions, which can be particularly stressful in the Mediterranean due to drought, highly calcareous soils, and pathogens outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosella Muresu
- Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment-National Research Council (ISPAAM CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Porceddu
- Dipartimento di Agraria, University of Sassari, Viale Italia 1, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Leonardo Sulas
- Institute for the Animal Production System in Mediterranean Environment-National Research Council (ISPAAM CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, DAFNAE, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro, Padova, Italy.
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Osmolovskaya N, Shumilina J, Kim A, Didio A, Grishina T, Bilova T, Keltsieva OA, Zhukov V, Tikhonovich I, Tarakhovskaya E, Frolov A, Wessjohann LA. Methodology of Drought Stress Research: Experimental Setup and Physiological Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E4089. [PMID: 30563000 PMCID: PMC6321153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the major stress factors affecting the growth and development of plants. In this context, drought-related losses of crop plant productivity impede sustainable agriculture all over the world. In general, plants respond to water deficits by multiple physiological and metabolic adaptations at the molecular, cellular, and organism levels. To understand the underlying mechanisms of drought tolerance, adequate stress models and arrays of reliable stress markers are required. Therefore, in this review we comprehensively address currently available models of drought stress, based on culturing plants in soil, hydroponically, or in agar culture, and critically discuss advantages and limitations of each design. We also address the methodology of drought stress characterization and discuss it in the context of real experimental approaches. Further, we highlight the trends of methodological developments in drought stress research, i.e., complementing conventional tests with quantification of phytohormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS), measuring antioxidant enzyme activities, and comprehensively profiling transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Osmolovskaya
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Julia Shumilina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199904 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ahyoung Kim
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Anna Didio
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199904 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Tatiana Grishina
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199904 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Tatiana Bilova
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Olga A Keltsieva
- Institute of Analytical Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Science, 190103 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Vladimir Zhukov
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Igor Tikhonovich
- All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, 196608 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Elena Tarakhovskaya
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Scientific Information, Russian Academy of Sciences Library, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Andrej Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 199904 St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Ludger A Wessjohann
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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