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Isenmann E, Veit S, Flenker U, Lesch A, Lachenmeier DW, Diel P. Influence of short-term chronic oral cannabidiol application on muscle recovery and performance after an intensive training protocol - a randomized double-blind crossover study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2024; 21:2337252. [PMID: 38572744 PMCID: PMC10997358 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2024.2337252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid regeneration after intense exercise is essential for competitive athletes. Based on this assumption, supplementation strategies, focusing on food supplements, are increasing to improve the recovery processes. One such supplement is cannabidiol (CBD) which is gaining more attention in competitive sports. However, the evidence is still lacking and there are no data available about the effect of a short-term chronic application. METHODS A three-arm double-blind cross-over study was conducted to determine the effects of two different CBD products on performance, muscle damage and inflammatory processes in well-trained athletes. In total 17 subjects took successfully part in this study. Each subject underwent the six-day, high-intensity training protocol three times. After each training session, each subject took either a placebo or a CBD product (60 mg of oil or solubilisate). Between the intervention phases, at least four weeks of washout period was conducted. Before and after the training protocols the performance capacity in countermovement jump (CMJ), back squat (BS), bench press (BP) and 1-mile run were measured and biomarkers for muscle damage (creatine kinase, myoglobin), inflammatory processes (interleukin 6 and 10) and immune cell activity (ratios of neutrophil granulocytes, lymphocytes and, platelets) were analyzed. For statistical analyses, the current version of R and a linear mixed model was used. RESULTS It could identify different effects of the training protocol depending on performance level (advanced or highly advanced athletes) (p < .05). Regardless of the performance level, muscle damage and a reduction in performance could be induced by the training protocol. Only CBD oil was associated with a reduction in myoglobin concentration (p < .05) in advanced athletes. Concerning immune activity, a significant decrease in platelets lymphocyte ratios was observed in advanced athletes after placebo treatment (p < .05). CBD oil application showed a slight inhibitory effect (p < .10). Moreover, the reduction in performance differs between the performance levels. A significant decrease in CMJ was observed in advanced athletes and a decreasing trend in BS was observed in highly advanced athletes after placebo treatment (p < 0.10). Both CBD products do not affect performance parameters. For inflammatory parameters, no effects were observed. CONCLUSION It was found that the performance level of the subjects was a decisive factor and that they responded differently to the training protocol and the CBD application. However, no clear effects of either CBD product were found and further research is needed to identify the long-term effects of CBD application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Isenmann
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
- IST Hochschule of Applied Sciences, Department of Fitness and Health, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Veit
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flenker
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alessio Lesch
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Diel
- German Sport University Cologne, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute for Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, Cologne, Germany
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Ferreira RO, Frazão DR, Ferreira MKM, Magno MB, Fagundes NCF, Rosing CK, Maia LC, Lima RR. Periodontal disease and sports performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Res Sports Med 2024; 32:767-786. [PMID: 37497651 DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2023.2235048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the association between athletic performance and periodontal disease (PD). Observational studies published up to April 2022 were searched in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar). PECO statement focused on studies with professional athletes (Participants) with PD (Exposition) compared to those with healthy periodontium (Comparison) and its effects on sports performance (outcome). Searches were conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines (registration protocol: 10.17605/OSF.IO/7ADH6) and risk of bias evaluation according to the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist. A total of 793 references were retrieved, of which eight were considered eligible. Two studies did not show an association between clinical PD parameters and performance. A meta-analysis with 396 participants suggested a relationship between PD and self-reported reduction in sports performance (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-2.31; p = 0.03; I2 = 0%) with moderate quality of evidence accordingly GRADE analysis. Despite the differences in performance evaluations between studies, PD was associated with reduced self-reported sports performance. Additional studies assessing confounding factors and objective assessment of PD and performance are needed to clarify the real effect of both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Railson Oliveira Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Deborah Ribeiro Frazão
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Maria Karolina Martins Ferreira
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Marcela Baraúna Magno
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues Lima
- Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Renwick JRM, Preobrazenski N, Wu Z, Khansari A, LeBouedec MA, Nuttall JMG, Bancroft KR, Simpson-Stairs N, Swinton PA, Gurd BJ. Standard Deviation of Individual Response for VO 2max Following Exercise Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02089-y. [PMID: 39160296 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous attempts to demonstrate inter-individual differences in trainability across various outcomes have been unsuccessful, the investigation of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) trainability warrants further study. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to conduct the first systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate inter-individual differences in VO2max trainability across aerobic exercise training protocols utilizing non-exercising comparator groups. METHODS We conducted a literature search across three databases: EMBASE, PubMed and SCOPUS. The search strategy incorporated two main concepts: aerobic exercise training and VO2max. Studies were included if they used human participants, employed standardized and supervised exercise training, reported absolute or relative VO2max, included a non-exercise comparator group, reported VO2max change scores for non-exercise and exercise groups and provided the standard deviation (SD) of change for all groups. We calculated the SD of individual response (SDIR) to estimate the presence of inter-individual differences in trainability across all studies. RESULTS The literature search generated 32,968 studies, 24 of which were included in the final analysis. Our findings indicated that (1) the majority of variation in observed change scores following an intervention is due to measurement error, (2) calculating SDIR within a single study would not yield sufficient accuracy of SDIR due to generally small sample sizes and (3) meta-analysis of SD IR 2 across studies does not provide strong evidence for a positive value. CONCLUSION Overall, our meta-analysis demonstrated that there is not strong evidence supporting the existence of VO2max trainability across single interventions. As such, it appears unlikely that clinically relevant predictors of VO2max response will be discovered. Registration can be found online ( https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/X9VU3 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- John R M Renwick
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Preobrazenski
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Zeyu Wu
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ava Khansari
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Matisse A LeBouedec
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jared M G Nuttall
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kyra R Bancroft
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nia Simpson-Stairs
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Paul A Swinton
- School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7QE, UK
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Metcalfe JW, Orange ST, Madden LA, Marshall P, Vince RV. Effects of resistance training on quality of life, fatigue, physical function, and muscular strength during chemotherapy treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer 2024; 32:593. [PMID: 39153023 PMCID: PMC11330399 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-024-08766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To systematically review and meta-analyse the efficacy of resistance training on quality of life (QOL), fatigue, physical function, and muscular strength in people diagnosed with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS Electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science were systematically searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effects of resistance training to control on QOL, fatigue, physical function, and lower-body and upper-body muscular strength in adults undergoing chemotherapy. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were pooled using a random effects model. Risk of bias was assess using the risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2). RESULTS Seven RCTs encompassing 561 participants were included. The pooled results of seven RCTs showed that resistance training during chemotherapy significantly improved lower-body strength (n = 555, SMD 0.33, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.53, moderate-quality evidence, I2 = 23%) compared to control. There was no evidence for an effect of resistance training on QOL (n = 373, SMD 0.13, 95% CI -0.15 to 0.42, low-quality evidence, I2 = 0%), fatigue (n = 373, SMD -0.08, 95% CI -0.37 to 0.22, low-quality evidence, I2 = 20%), physical function (n = 198, SMD 0.61, 95% CI -0.73 to 1.95, very low-quality evidence, I2 = 83%), or upper-body strength (n = 413, SMD 0.37, 95% CI -0.07 to 0.80, very low-quality evidence, I2 = 69%). CONCLUSIONS Resistance training may improve lower-body strength in patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment compared to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Metcalfe
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
| | - Samuel T Orange
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Leigh A Madden
- Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Phil Marshall
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Rebecca V Vince
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
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Herold F, Theobald P, Gronwald T, Kaushal N, Zou L, de Bruin ED, Bherer L, Müller NG. The Best of Two Worlds to Promote Healthy Cognitive Aging: Definition and Classification Approach of Hybrid Physical Training Interventions. JMIR Aging 2024; 7:e56433. [PMID: 39083334 PMCID: PMC11325123 DOI: 10.2196/56433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy lifestyle can be an important prerequisite to prevent or at least delay the onset of dementia. However, the large number of physically inactive adults underscores the need for developing and evaluating intervention approaches aimed at improving adherence to a physically active lifestyle. In this regard, hybrid physical training, which usually combines center- and home-based physical exercise sessions and has proven successful in rehabilitative settings, could offer a promising approach to preserving cognitive health in the aging population. Despite its potential, research in this area is limited as hybrid physical training interventions have been underused in promoting healthy cognitive aging. Furthermore, the absence of a universally accepted definition or a classification framework for hybrid physical training interventions poses a challenge to future progress in this direction. To address this gap, this article informs the reader about hybrid physical training by providing a definition and classification approach of different types, discussing their specific advantages and disadvantages, and offering recommendations for future research. Specifically, we focus on applying digital technologies to deliver home-based exercises, as their use holds significant potential for reaching underserved and marginalized groups, such as older adults with mobility impairments living in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Paula Theobald
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Navin Kaushal
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health, OST - Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Louis Bherer
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Geriatrie de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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Yu H, Li M, Qian G, Yue S, Ossowski Z, Szumilewicz A. A Systematic Review and Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis Comparing In-Person, Remote, and Blended Interventions in Physical Activity, Diet, Education, and Behavioral Modification on Gestational Weight Gain among Overweight or Obese Pregnant Individuals. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100253. [PMID: 38879168 PMCID: PMC11267029 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the well-documented adverse outcomes associated with obesity during pregnancy, this condition remains a promising modifiable risk factor. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to ascertain the most effective treatment modalities for gestational weight gain (GWG) in pregnant women classified as overweight or obese. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across 4 electronic databases: Embase, EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Web of Science. To assess the quality of evidence, the Confidence In Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) approach, grounded in the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework, was employed. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to synthesize the comparative effectiveness of treatment modalities based on GWG outcomes. RESULTS The analysis incorporated 60 randomized controlled trials, encompassing 16,615 participants. Modes of intervention administration were classified as remote (R: eHealth [e] and mHealth [m]), in-person (I), and a combination of both (I+R). The interventions comprised 5 categories: education (E), physical activity (PA), dietary (D), behavior modification (B), and combinations thereof. The quality of the evidence, as evaluated by CINeMA, ranged from very low to high. Compared to the control group, the I-D intervention (mean difference [MD]: -1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.23, -0.32), I-PADB (MD: -0.60, 95% CI: -1.19, -0.00), and I-B (MD: -0.34, 95% CI: -0.57, -0.10) interventions showed significant efficacy in reducing GWG. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary findings suggest that the I-D intervention is the most efficacious in managing GWG among pregnant women who are overweight or obese, followed by I-PADB and I-B+R-B(m) treatments. These conclusions are drawn from evidence of limited quality and directness, including insufficient data on PA components used in the interventions. Owing to the absence of robust, direct evidence delineating significant differences among various GWG management strategies, it is tentatively proposed that the I-D intervention is likely the most effective approach. This study was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42023473627.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Yu
- College of Physical Education, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China.
| | - Mingmao Li
- Department of Fitness, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Guoping Qian
- Department of Fitness, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Shuqi Yue
- Department of Fitness, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Ossowski
- Department of Fitness, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Szumilewicz
- Department of Fitness, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
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Douchet T, Paizis C, Carling C, Babault N. Influence of a Modified versus a Typical Microcycle Periodization on the Weekly External Loads and Match Day Readiness in Elite Academy Soccer Players. J Hum Kinet 2024; 93:133-144. [PMID: 39132417 PMCID: PMC11307180 DOI: 10.5114/jhk/182984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A typical weekly periodization strategy in soccer positions the most demanding sessions four and three days before the match-day (MD-4/MD-3). However, a modified periodization strategy could intersperse the two most demanding sessions with a low-load training session. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these periodizations on external loads and MD readiness. Twenty academy players were tested. The modified weekly periodization strategy included a low-load training session between the two most demanding sessions, while the typical periodization implemented them consecutively. Players wore a GPS and rated their perceived exertion (RPE) during the most demanding sessions. Players were also tested using a CMJ, a 20-m sprint, the Illinois agility test (IAT), and the Hooper questionnaire on MD-4 to obtain baseline values (CONTROL) and on the match-day (TEST). CONTROL values were similar during experimental weeks. During the second most demanding session, players covered greater distances for the modified versus the typical periodization in the 20-25 km/h (306.3 ± 117.1 m vs. 223.5 ± 92.2 m, p < 0.05) and >25 km/h speed zones (89.5 ± 44.8 m vs. 67.2 ± 44.5 m, p < 0.05). On the MD, CMJ, 20-m sprint, and IAT performances were similar between both periodizations. However, 10-m time (1.89 ± 0.10 s vs. 1.92 ± 0.09 s, p < 0.05) and the Hooper index score (7.90 ± 2.14 a.u. vs. 9.50 ± 3.44 a.u., p < 0.05) were significantly lower during the modified periodization strategy. A decreased training load session positioned between the most demanding sessions may be of interest in elite academy soccer players as it can lead to increased weekly external loads and readiness on the MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Douchet
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
- Centre d’Expertise de la Performance, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
- Dijon Football Côte d’Or (DFCO), Dijon, France
| | - Christos Paizis
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
- Centre d’Expertise de la Performance, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
| | - Christopher Carling
- Fédération Française de Football (FFF), Paris, France
- Laboratory Sport, Expertise and Performance (EA 7370), French Institute of Sport (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Babault
- INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
- Centre d’Expertise de la Performance, Université de Bourgogne, UFR des Sciences du Sport, Dijon, France
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Wunderlich A, Wollesen B, Asamoah J, Delbaere K, Li K. The impact of cognitive-motor interference on balance and gait in hearing-impaired older adults: a systematic review. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2024; 21:17. [PMID: 38914940 PMCID: PMC11194914 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-024-00350-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hearing impairments are a rising burden in our aging society. Hearing loss is associated with reduced cognitive performance as well as decrements in balance and gait. Therefore, impaired hearing affects also dual tasking (DT). The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence for DT performance decrements of older adults with hearing impairments during maintaining balance or walking. METHODS The systematic literature research according to PRISMA guidelines was conducted using MEDLINE, APA Psych-Info, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria were: Independent living older people ≥ 60 years with hearing impairments, use of a DT paradigm to test hearing impaired older adults within a balance or walking condition. RESULTS N = 57 studies were found within the databases. Eight studies were included (N = 456 participants (58% women), including n = 200 older hearing-impaired persons with different levels of hearing loss). Most of the included studies oriented their inclusion criteria for hearing-impairments at thresholds for mild hearing loss with Pure Tone Average (0.5-4 kHz) ≥ 25 and < 40 dB. Three of the studies focused on DT balance performance and five used DT walking comparing participants with and without hearing loss. For DT balance and gait performance, higher decrements for the hearing-impaired group were observed compared to healthy older adults. Performance decrements were accompanied by reduced compensatory strategies in balance performance. CONCLUSION More pronounced decrements in DT performance were observed for participants with hearing impairments compared to those without. This implies that hearing-impaired older adults might need specific interventions to reduce the cognitive-motor interference (CMI) to maintain balance control or walking stability in daily situations that require managing of cognitive and motor tasks simultaneously. However, taking all results into account the underlying mechanisms of CMI for this target group needs to be further examined. TRIAL REGISTRATION This review was registered at Prospero with the ID CRD42022340232.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wunderlich
- Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Biopsychology and Neuroergonomics, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Bettina Wollesen
- Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement Science, Institute for Human Movement Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janek Asamoah
- Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement Science, Institute for Human Movement Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kim Delbaere
- Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA) Falls, Balance and Injury Research Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen Li
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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Mack M, Badache A, Erden A, Giannaki CD, Haider S, Kaltsatou A, Kömürcü Akik B, Netz Y, Pavlova I, Stavrinou PS, Voelcker-Rehage C, Audiffren M. Chronic exercise effects on overall depression severity and distinct depressive symptoms in older adults: A protocol of a systematic and meta-analytic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297348. [PMID: 38781250 PMCID: PMC11115242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is high evidence that chronic exercise benefits overall depression severity in older adults. However, late-life depression is characterized by considerable heterogeneity in clinical manifestation emphasizing the need for more individualized exercise intervention programs. Therefore, the objective of the proposed review is to investigate the effects of chronic exercise on overall depression severity and on different symptoms of depression in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including older adults with a mean age of at least 60 years, and by considering the moderating effects of intervention characteristics and individual characteristics. METHODS This protocol is guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will use the Population-Intervention-Comparator-Outcomes-Study design (PICOS) criteria for study inclusion and will search the following database sources for relevant RCTs: Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, APA Psycinfo, SPORTDiscuss, Cochrane. Two independent reviewers will conduct the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Disagreement will be solved by a third reviewer. Primary outcome will be changes in overall depression severity and secondary outcomes will encompass changes in symptoms of depression as defined by the DSM-5, such as sleep quality, fatigue, anxiety, mood, apathy, changes in weight, information processing speed, and executive functions, from baseline until the end of the intervention and to any available intermediary measurement or follow up. Meta-analysis will be undertaken to synthesize the effects of chronic exercise on primary and secondary outcomes. Subgroup analysis will investigate the moderating effects of intervention characteristics (frequency, intensity, duration, type of exercise, cognitive demand, social interactions, exercise supervision, behavioral change techniques, compliance, study design, dropout-rate, type of control group) and individual characteristics (age, sex, education, functional capacity, global cognition, population) on primary and secondary outcomes. Additionally, we plan to assess quality of evidence and publication bias, and to carry out sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION The results of the proposed review are anticipated to have a substantial impact on research and clinical practice. On the one hand, the review's conclusions could form the foundation for developing evidence-based recommendations for individualized exercise programs that alleviate depression in older adults. On the other hand, by revealing research gaps, the review results could encourage the formulation of research questions for further RCTs. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER This protocol has been published in the Prospero repository (PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022361418, available from: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022361418).
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Mack
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreea Badache
- Department of Disability Research, National Research School on Ageing and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Arzu Erden
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Science, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | | | - Sandra Haider
- Center for Public Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonia Kaltsatou
- Functional Architecture of Mammals in their Environment (FAME) Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - Burcu Kömürcü Akik
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Languages and History-Geography, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaël Netz
- The Levinsky-Wingate Academic Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Iuliia Pavlova
- Department of Theory and Methods of Physical Culture, Lviv State University of Physical Culture, Lviv, Ukraine
| | | | - Claudia Voelcker-Rehage
- Department of Neuromotor Behavior and Exercise, Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michel Audiffren
- Cognition and Learning Research Center, Maison des Sciences de l’Homme et de la Société, CNRS, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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10
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Carrard J, Hofer M, Prechtl L, Fleischlin E, Huber M, Gallart-Ayala H, Teav T, Infanger D, Höchsmann C, Koehler K, Hinrichs T, Hanssen H, Ivanisevic J, Schmidt-Trucksäss A. Effect of an eight-week high-intensity interval training programme on circulating sphingolipid levels in middle-aged adults at elevated cardiometabolic risk (SphingoFIT)-Protocol for a randomised controlled exercise trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302477. [PMID: 38717997 PMCID: PMC11078397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence indicates that sphingolipid accumulation drives complex molecular alterations promoting cardiometabolic diseases. Clinically, it was shown that sphingolipids predict cardiometabolic risk independently of and beyond traditional biomarkers such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. To date, little is known about therapeutic modalities to lower sphingolipid levels. Exercise, a powerful means to prevent and treat cardiometabolic diseases, is a promising modality to mitigate sphingolipid levels in a cost-effective, safe, and patient-empowering manner. METHODS This randomised controlled trial will explore whether and to what extent an 8-week fitness-enhancing training programme can lower serum sphingolipid levels of middle-aged adults at elevated cardiometabolic risk (n = 98, 50% females). The exercise intervention will consist of supervised high-intensity interval training (three sessions weekly), while the control group will receive physical activity counselling based on current guidelines. Blood will be sampled early in the morning in a fasted state before and after the 8-week programme. Participants will be provided with individualised, pre-packaged meals for the two days preceding blood sampling to minimise potential confounding. An 'omic-scale sphingolipid profiling, using high-coverage reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, will be applied to capture the circulating sphingolipidome. Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise tests will be performed before and after the 8-week programme to assess patient fitness changes. Cholesterol, triglycerides, glycated haemoglobin, the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, static retinal vessel analysis, flow-mediated dilatation, and strain analysis of the heart cavities will also be assessed pre- and post-intervention. This study shall inform whether and to what extent exercise can be used as an evidence-based treatment to lower circulating sphingolipid levels. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT06024291) on August 28, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Carrard
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- SportAdo Centre, Children and Adolescent Surgery, Woman-Mother-Child Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Hofer
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luisa Prechtl
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Fleischlin
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Huber
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denis Infanger
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Höchsmann
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karsten Koehler
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timo Hinrichs
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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11
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Wentz JR, Wilhelm Stanis S. Physical Activity and Social Comparison: The Importance of Group Composition in an Employee Fitbit Intervention. Health Promot Pract 2024; 25:409-416. [PMID: 36932690 DOI: 10.1177/15248399231160152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of group composition of a 6-week group-based employee Fitbit intervention on daily physical activity steps. Group composition comprised heterogenous and homogeneous groupings based on variations in baseline high, medium, and low steppers. The intervention included weekly step leaderboard information, motivational and informative messages, and the ability to participate in group step challenges. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) examined differences in change of steps across time, step-level groups (low, medium, and high), and group composition (low/high, similar, and mixed), and replicated with a subgroup of participants who participated in group step challenges. While group and step level did not emerge as significant interactions in the overall sample, when focused within the group step challenge subsample, relationships among time, the group composition, and participant step-level categories emerged. Overall, the greatest increases in steps occurred at the mid-point time period, among lower steppers, and within the low/high comparison group. This study provides evidence of the importance of group composition in physical activity interventions as well as the fidelity of intervention design in facilitating group comparisons.
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Martins Rodrigues I, de Castro Lopes AL, Piaia Silvatti A, Jacon Sarro K. Current evidence for hypopressive exercises in healthy women: A systematic review. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2024; 38:143-149. [PMID: 38763553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypopressive exercises have been mainly used in the treatment of pelvic floor dysfunctions. Recently it has started to spread among healthy women. However, no comprehensive review is available in this population. PURPOSE Assess the current evidence of the effects of hypopressive exercises on healthy women. METHODS This study was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020203103). The search was performed in Scielo, Pubmed, Lilacs, Embase, Scopus, Pedro, Trip Database, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The last search was performed on November 1st, 2021. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials and single-arm trials, healthy women, acute or late effects of hypopressive exercises, and pre and post-training analysis. Exclusion criteria included non-original research, conference proceedings, dissertations and theses. Downs and Black checklist were used to assess the methodological quality. Study design, participants characteristics, description of the intervention, follow-up period, variables, instruments, and outcomes were extracted and recorded. RESULTS From the 410 studies, five were selected. The variable of major interest was waist circumference, which showed a decrease with exercise. It also seemed to have plausible positive effects on height, lower back mobility, abdominal and pelvic floor muscle contraction, respiratory flow and apnea, and hemodynamic responses. CONCLUSION This study suggests that the current literature on the effects of hypopressive exercise on healthy women is very limited. Despite the plausible positive effects identified, we cannot recommend its practice due to the serious methodological problems. Therefore, more studies are needed to elucidate the benefits and adverse effects of hypopressive exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Karine Jacon Sarro
- Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Bossi AH, Naumann U, Passfield L, Hopker J. Modelling inter-individual variability in acute and adaptive responses to interval training: insights into exercise intensity normalisation. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:1201-1216. [PMID: 37966510 PMCID: PMC10954971 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of exercise intensity normalisation on intra- and inter-individual acute and adaptive responses to an interval training programme. METHODS Nineteen cyclists were split in two groups differing (only) in how exercise intensity was normalised: 80% of the maximal work rate achieved in an incremental test (% W ˙ max) vs. maximal sustainable work rate in a self-paced interval training session (% W ˙ max-SP). Testing duplicates were conducted before and after an initial control phase, during the training intervention, and at the end, enabling the estimation of inter-individual variability in adaptive responses devoid of intra-individual variability. RESULTS Due to premature exhaustion, the median training completion rate was 88.8% for the % W ˙ max group, but 100% for the % W ˙ max-SP the group. Ratings of perceived exertion and heart rates were not sensitive to how intensity was normalised, manifesting similar inter-individual variability, although intra-individual variability was minimised for the % W ˙ max-SP group. Amongst six adaptive response variables, there was evidence of individual response for only maximal oxygen uptake (standard deviation: 0.027 L·min-1·week-1) and self-paced interval training performance (standard deviation: 1.451 W·week-1). However, inter-individual variability magnitudes were similar between groups. Average adaptive responses were also similar between groups across all variables. CONCLUSIONS To normalise completion rates of interval training, % W ˙ max-SP should be used to prescribe relative intensity. However, the variability in adaptive responses to training may not reflect how exercise intensity is normalised, underlining the complexity of the exercise dose-adaptation relationship. True inter-individual variability in adaptive responses cannot always be identified when intra-individual variability is accounted for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Henrique Bossi
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK.
- School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
- The Mountain Bike Centre of Scotland, Peel Tower, Glentress, Peebles, UK.
| | | | - Louis Passfield
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - James Hopker
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
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14
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Preobrazenski N, McCaig A, Turner A, Kushner M, Pacitti L, Mendolia P, MacDonald B, Storoschuk K, Bouck T, Zaza Y, Lu S, Gurd BJ. Risk of bias in exercise science: A systematic review of 340 studies. iScience 2024; 27:109010. [PMID: 38405604 PMCID: PMC10884506 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Risk of bias can contribute to irreproducible science and mislead decision making. Analyses of smaller subsections of the exercise science literature suggest many exercise science studies have unclear or high risk of bias. The current review (osf.io/jznv8) assesses whether this unclear or high risk of bias is more widespread in the exercise science literature and whether this bias has decreased since the publication of the 1996 Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines. We report significant reductions in selection, performance, detection, and reporting biases in 2020 compared with 1995 in the 340 of 5,451 studies assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Despite these improvements, most 2020 studies still had unclear or high risks of bias. These results underscore the need for methodological vigilance, adherence to reporting standards, and education on experimental bias. Factors contributing to these improvements, such advancements in education and journal requirements, remain uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abby McCaig
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Anna Turner
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Maddy Kushner
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Lauren Pacitti
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Peter Mendolia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Ben MacDonald
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Kristi Storoschuk
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tori Bouck
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Youssef Zaza
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lu
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brendon J. Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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15
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Held S, Rappelt L, Brockherde J, Donath L. Reliability of the Maximal Lactate Accumulation Rate in Rowers. Int J Sports Med 2024; 45:238-244. [PMID: 38109898 PMCID: PMC10907110 DOI: 10.1055/a-2206-4959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The maximal lactate accumulation rate (VLamax) has been linked to lactic anaerobic performance. Hence, accurate and reliable assessment is crucial in sport-specific performance testing. Thus, between-day reliability data of rowing-specific VLamax assessment was examined. Seventeen trained rowers (eight females and nine males; 19.5±5.2 yrs; 1.76±0.08 m; 70.2±8.9 kg; V̇O2max: 54±13 ml/min/kg) performed 20-s sprint tests on two separate days (one week apart) on a rowing ergometer. VLamax, peak lactate concentration, time to peak lactate, and mean rowing power were measured. Good to excellent intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), low standard error of measurement (SEM), and acceptable levels of agreement (LoAs; 90% confidence interval) for VLamax (ICC=0.85; SEM=0.02 mmol/L/s; LoA±0.09 mmol/L/s), peak lactate (ICC=0.88; SEM=0.3 mmol/L; LoA±1.4 mmol/l), time to peak lactate (ICC=0.92; SEM=0.1 min; LoA±0.5 min), and mean rowing power (ICC=0.98; SEM=3 W; LoA±39 W) were observed. In addition, VLamax was highly correlated (r=0.96; p≤0.001) to rowing power. Thus, VLamax and sprint performance parameters can be measured highly reliably using this sport-specific sprint test in rowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Held
- Department of Sport and Management, IST University of Applied Sciences,
Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Training Intervention Research, German Sport University
Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig Rappelt
- Department of Training Intervention Research, German Sport University
Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal,
Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Julia Brockherde
- Department of Training Intervention Research, German Sport University
Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Training Intervention Research, German Sport University
Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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16
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Van Hooren B, Plasqui G, Meijer K. The Effect of Wearable-Based Real-Time Feedback on Running Injuries and Running Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Sports Med 2024; 52:750-765. [PMID: 38287728 PMCID: PMC10905988 DOI: 10.1177/03635465231222464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Running technique and running speed are considered important risk factors for running injuries. Real-time feedback on running technique and running speed by wearables may help reduce injury risk. PURPOSE To investigate whether real-time feedback on spatiotemporal metrics and relative speed by commercially available pressure-sensitive insoles would reduce running injuries and improve running performance compared with no real-time feedback. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS A total of 220 recreational runners were randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups. Both groups received pressure-sensitive insoles, but only the intervention group received real-time feedback on spatiotemporal metrics and relative speed. The feedback aimed to reduce loading on the joint/segment estimated to exhibit the highest load. Injury rates were compared between the groups using Cox regressions. Secondary outcomes compared included injury severity, the proportion of runners with multiple injuries, changes in self-reported personal best times and motivation (Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2), and interest in continuing wearable use after study completion. RESULTS A total of 160 participants (73%) were included in analyses of the primary outcome. Intention-to-treat analysis showed no significant difference in injury rate between the groups (Hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; P = .70). This was expected, as 53 of 160 (33%) participants ended up in the unassigned group because they used incorrect wearable settings, nullifying any interventional effects. As-treated analysis showed a significantly lower injury rate among participants receiving real-time feedback (HR, 0.53; P = .03). Similarly, the first-time injury severity was significantly lower (-0.43; P = .042). Per-protocol analysis showed no significant differences in injury rates, but the direction favored the intervention group (HR, 0.67; P = .30). There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients with multiple injuries (HR, 0.82; P = .40) or changes in running performance (3.07%; P = .26) and motivation. Also, ~60% of the participants who completed the study showed interest in continuing wearable use. CONCLUSION Real-time feedback on spatiotemporal metrics and relative speed provided by commercially available instrumented insoles may reduce the rate and severity of injuries in recreational runners. Feedback did not influence running performance and exercise motivation. REGISTRATION NL8472 (Dutch Trial Register).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Van Hooren
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Guy Plasqui
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth Meijer
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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17
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Noetel M, Sanders T, Gallardo-Gómez D, Taylor P, Del Pozo Cruz B, van den Hoek D, Smith JJ, Mahoney J, Spathis J, Moresi M, Pagano R, Pagano L, Vasconcellos R, Arnott H, Varley B, Parker P, Biddle S, Lonsdale C. Effect of exercise for depression: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2024; 384:e075847. [PMID: 38355154 PMCID: PMC10870815 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-075847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the optimal dose and modality of exercise for treating major depressive disorder, compared with psychotherapy, antidepressants, and control conditions. DESIGN Systematic review and network meta-analysis. METHODS Screening, data extraction, coding, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate. Bayesian arm based, multilevel network meta-analyses were performed for the primary analyses. Quality of the evidence for each arm was graded using the confidence in network meta-analysis (CINeMA) online tool. DATA SOURCES Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Any randomised trial with exercise arms for participants meeting clinical cut-offs for major depression. RESULTS 218 unique studies with a total of 495 arms and 14 170 participants were included. Compared with active controls (eg, usual care, placebo tablet), moderate reductions in depression were found for walking or jogging (n=1210, κ=51, Hedges' g -0.62, 95% credible interval -0.80 to -0.45), yoga (n=1047, κ=33, g -0.55, -0.73 to -0.36), strength training (n=643, κ=22, g -0.49, -0.69 to -0.29), mixed aerobic exercises (n=1286, κ=51, g -0.43, -0.61 to -0.24), and tai chi or qigong (n=343, κ=12, g -0.42, -0.65 to -0.21). The effects of exercise were proportional to the intensity prescribed. Strength training and yoga appeared to be the most acceptable modalities. Results appeared robust to publication bias, but only one study met the Cochrane criteria for low risk of bias. As a result, confidence in accordance with CINeMA was low for walking or jogging and very low for other treatments. CONCLUSIONS Exercise is an effective treatment for depression, with walking or jogging, yoga, and strength training more effective than other exercises, particularly when intense. Yoga and strength training were well tolerated compared with other treatments. Exercise appeared equally effective for people with and without comorbidities and with different baseline levels of depression. To mitigate expectancy effects, future studies could aim to blind participants and staff. These forms of exercise could be considered alongside psychotherapy and antidepressants as core treatments for depression. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018118040.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Noetel
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Taren Sanders
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Paul Taylor
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Borja Del Pozo Cruz
- Department of Clinical Biomechanics and Sports Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cádiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, University of Cádiz, Spain
| | - Daniel van den Hoek
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, QLD, Australia
| | - Jordan J Smith
- School of Education, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - John Mahoney
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, QLD, Australia
| | - Jemima Spathis
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Banyo, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark Moresi
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Pagano
- School of Education, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Pagano
- Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Roberta Vasconcellos
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hugh Arnott
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin Varley
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Philip Parker
- Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart Biddle
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Keller M, Lichtenstein E, Roth R, Faude O. Balance Training Under Fatigue: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effect of Fatigue on Adaptations to Balance Training. J Strength Cond Res 2024; 38:297-305. [PMID: 37643391 PMCID: PMC10798588 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Keller, M, Lichtenstein, E, Roth, R, and Faude, O. Balance training under fatigue: a randomized controlled trial on the effect of fatigue on adaptations to balance training. J Strength Cond Res 38(2): 297-305, 2024-Balance training is an effective means for injury prevention in sports. However, one can question the existing practice of putting the balance programs at the start of a training session (i.e., train in an unfatigued state) because the occurrence of injuries has been associated with fatigue. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the influence of balance training in a fatigued or an unfatigued state on motor performance tested in fatigued and unfatigued conditions. Fifty-two, healthy, active volunteers (28.0 years; 19 women) were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 different training groups. The BALANCE group completed 6 weeks of balance training. The other 2 groups completed the identical balance tasks either before (BALANCE-high-intensity interval training [HIIT]) or after (HIIT-BALANCE) a HIIT session. Thus, these groups trained the balance tasks either in a fatigued or in an unfatigued state. In PRE and POST tests, balance (solid ground, soft mat, wobble board) and jump performance was obtained in fatigued and unfatigued states. Balance training resulted in reduced sway paths in all groups. However, the linear models revealed larger adaptations in BALANCE-HIIT and BALANCE when compared with HIIT-BALANCE ( d = 0.22-0.71). These small to moderate effects were-despite some uncertainties-consistent for the "unfatigued" and "fatigued" test conditions. The results of this study revealed for the first time that balance training under fatigue results in diminished adaptations, even when tested in a fatigued state. Therefore, the data indicate that balance training should be implemented at the start of a training session or in an unfatigued state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Keller
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric Lichtenstein
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Roth
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Faude
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Herold F, Theobald P, Gronwald T, Kaushal N, Zou L, de Bruin ED, Bherer L, Müller NG. Alexa, let's train now! - A systematic review and classification approach to digital and home-based physical training interventions aiming to support healthy cognitive aging. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:30-46. [PMID: 36736727 PMCID: PMC10818117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mounting evidence that regular physical activity is an important prerequisite for healthy cognitive aging. Consequently, the finding that almost one-third of the adult population does not reach the recommended level of regular physical activity calls for further public health actions. In this context, digital and home-based physical training interventions might be a promising alternative to center-based intervention programs. Thus, this systematic review aimed to summarize the current state of the literature on the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on adult cognitive performance. METHODS In this pre-registered systematic review (PROSPERO; ID: CRD42022320031), 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library) were searched by 2 independent researchers (FH and PT) to identify eligible studies investigating the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on cognitive performance in adults. The systematic literature search yielded 8258 records (extra 17 records from other sources), of which 27 controlled trials were considered relevant. Two reviewers (FH and PT) independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (TESTEX scale). RESULTS Of the 27 reviewed studies, 15 reported positive effects on cognitive and motor-cognitive outcomes (i.e., performance improvements in measures of executive functions, working memory, and choice stepping reaction test), and a considerable heterogeneity concerning study-related, population-related, and intervention-related characteristics was noticed. A more detailed analysis suggests that, in particular, interventions using online classes and technology-based exercise devices (i.e., step-based exergames) can improve cognitive performance in healthy older adults. Approximately one-half of the reviewed studies were rated as having a high risk of bias with respect to completion adherence (≤85%) and monitoring of the level of regular physical activity in the control group. CONCLUSION The current state of evidence concerning the effectiveness of digital and home-based physical training interventions is mixed overall, though there is limited evidence that specific types of digital and home-based physical training interventions (e.g., online classes and step-based exergames) can be an effective strategy for improving cognitive performance in older adults. However, due to the limited number of available studies, future high-quality studies are needed to buttress this assumption empirically and to allow for more solid and nuanced conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Paula Theobald
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg 20457, Germany
| | - Navin Kaushal
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Liye Zou
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden; Department of Health, OST - Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen 9001, Switzerland
| | - Louis Bherer
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Geriatrie de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Meneses-Echavez JF, Loaiza-Betancur AF, Díaz-López V, Echavarría-Rodríguez AM, Triana-Reina HR. Prehabilitation programs for individuals with cancer: a systematic review of randomized-controlled trials. Syst Rev 2023; 12:219. [PMID: 37978411 PMCID: PMC10655304 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-023-02373-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prehabilitation programs focusing on exercise training as the main component are known as a promising alternative for improving patients' outcomes before cancer surgery. This systematic review determined the benefits and harms of prehabilitation programs compared with usual care for individuals with cancer. METHODS We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE from inception to June 2022, and hand searched clinical trial registries. We included randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) in adults, survivors of any type of cancer, that compared prehabilitation programs that had exercise training as the major component with usual care or other active interventions. Outcome measures were health-related quality of life (HRQL), muscular strength, postoperative complications, average length of stay (ALOS), handgrip strength, and physical activity levels. Two reviewers independently screened the studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence. RESULTS Twenty-five RCTs (2682 participants) published between 2010 and 2022 met our inclusion criteria. Colorectal and lung cancers were the most common diagnoses. The studies had methodological concerns regarding outcome measurement, selective reporting, and attrition. Five prehabilitation programs were compared to usual care (rehabilitation): combined training, aerobic training, respiratory muscle training plus aerobic training, respiratory muscle training plus resistance training, and pelvic floor training. The studies provided no clear evidence of an effect between groups. We assessed the overall certainty of the evidence as very low, downgraded due to serious study limitations and imprecision. CONCLUSION Prehabilitation programs focusing on exercise training may have an effect on adults with cancer, but the evidence is very uncertain. We have very little confidence in the results and the true effect is likely to be substantially different from these. Further research is needed before we can draw a more certain conclusion. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CRD42019125658.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose F Meneses-Echavez
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Sandakerveien 24C, Building D11, Oslo, Norway.
- Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación. GICAEDS, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Andrés F Loaiza-Betancur
- Universidad de Antioquia. Instituto Universitario de Educación Física, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigación en Entrenamiento Deportivo y Actividad Física Para La Salud (GIEDAF), Universidad Santo Tomás, Tunja, Colombia
| | - Víctor Díaz-López
- Universidad de Antioquia. Instituto Universitario de Educación Física, Medellín, Colombia
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Lichtenstein E, Held S, Rappelt L, Zacher J, Eibl A, Ludyga S, Faude O, Donath L. Agility training to integratively promote neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and cognitive function in healthy older adults: a one-year randomized-controlled trial. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2023; 20:21. [PMID: 37951885 PMCID: PMC10638759 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-023-00331-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise training recommendations for seniors include the targeted training of strength, balance, endurance and flexibility domains. Agility training (AT) is conceptualized as a multi-component and time-efficient training framework for older adults to improve physical, functional and cognitive health domains that are relevant for maintaining activities of daily living. The aim of this one-year trial was to comparatively evaluate the effects of agility training on physical and cognitive function. METHODS Seventy-nine healthy older adults (AT: 61.5% female, 70.8 ± 4.8 years, 27.7 ± 4.2 kg/m2; CG: 60.5% female, 69.6 ± 4.7 years, 27.5 ± 4.4 kg/m2) took part in this one-year randomized controlled intervention and were either assigned to the agility training group (AT) with two weekly 60 min AT sessions or to the control group (CG), receiving no treatment. Participants were assessed pre, intermediate and post intervention for strength and power, balance, gait speed under multi-task conditions, aerobic capacity as well as cognitive performance. Linear mixed effects models were used to analyze the effect of treatment over time. RESULTS Fifty-four participants (AG: 25, CG: 29) were analyzed, most drop-outs attributed to COVID-19 (17/30 dropouts). Adherence was good (75%) of 90 offered sessions. Notable effects in favor of AT were found for gait parameters in single (d = 0.355, Δ = 4.3%), dual (d = 0.375, Δ = 6.1%) and triple (d = 0.376, Δ = 6.4%) task conditions, counter movement jump performance (strength and power) (d = 0.203, Δ = 6.9%), static one leg balance (d = 0.256, Δ = 12.33%) and n-back reaction time (cognitive performance) (d = 0.204, Δ = 3.8%). No effects were found for the remaining outcomes (d < 0.175). CONCLUSION AT might serve as an integrative training approach for older adults particularly improving gait and lower limb power parameters. It seems suitable to improve a broad range of seniors' health domains and should replace isolated training of these domains. However, individual variation and progression of exercises should be considered when programming agility training providing adequate challenges throughout a long-term intervention for all participants. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS, DRKS00017469 . Registered 19 June 2019-Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lichtenstein
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, Basel, 4052, Switzerland.
| | - Steffen Held
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Ludwig Rappelt
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Jonas Zacher
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Angi Eibl
- Institute of Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, Cologne, 50933, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, Basel, 4052, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Faude
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, Basel, 4052, Switzerland
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, Cologne, 50933, Germany
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Dalgas U, Riemenschneider M, Gold SM, Kalron A, Beckerman H, de Groot V, Dennett R, Edwards T, Pilutti LA, Freeman J. The MoXFo initiative - study design: Considerations related to study design and methodology in exercise research for people with multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2023; 29:1561-1568. [PMID: 37880962 DOI: 10.1177/13524585231204456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise as a subset of physical activity is a cornerstone in the management of multiple sclerosis (MS) based on its pleiotropic effects, but continued progression of the field requires better future designs and methodologies. OBJECTIVES This paper outlines the work of the 'Study design and methodology' group of the MoXFo (moving exercise research forward) initiative, and addresses critical aspects and future directions when defining the research question of interest, and subsequently, designing the study and exercise intervention in MS patients. METHODS The work is based on the formation of an international expert panel formed within the MoXFo initiative. We provide a structured and concise synthesis of exercise-specific MS research challenges and considerations when designing randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RESULTS Challenges and considerations are presented using the Patient population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcomes, Timing, Setting (PICOTS) framework, thereby forming a new and specific MS exercise PICOTS framework. CONCLUSION We propose that researchers should carefully consider and align all elements of this MS exercise PICOTS framework when developing future research questions and study designs, ultimately improving the quality of new exercise studies in people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrik Dalgas
- Exercise Biology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Stefan M Gold
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Section of Psychosomatic Medicine, Medical Department, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alon Kalron
- Department of Physical Therapy, The Stanley Steyer School of Health Professions, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neurosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Heleen Beckerman
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent de Groot
- Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Societal Participation & Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Dennett
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - Thomas Edwards
- School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lara A Pilutti
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jenny Freeman
- School of Health Professions, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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Fernández-Matías R, García-Pérez F, Requejo-Salinas N, Gavín-González C, Martínez-Martín J, García-Valencia H, Flórez-García MT. Content reporting and effectiveness of therapeutic exercise in the management of massive rotator cuff tears: A systematic review with 490 patients. Shoulder Elbow 2023; 15:92-107. [PMID: 37974611 PMCID: PMC10649485 DOI: 10.1177/17585732221140113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCT) account for a substantial fraction of tears above the age of 60 years. However, there are no clear criteria for prescription parameters within therapeutic exercise treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects and characteristics of therapeutic exercise treatments in patients with MRCT. Methods A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, SciELO, Scopus and EMBASE from inception to August 2022. Studies were included if they evaluated the effects of exercise on patients with MRCT. The risk of bias was evaluated and the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) was also used. A narrative synthesis without meta-analysis was performed. Results One randomized controlled trial, two non-randomized studies, six non-controlled studies, one case series and four retrospective studies were included. They ranged from serious to moderate risk of bias. The CERT reflected a poor description of the exercise programmes. Studies showed a pattern of improvements in most patient-reported outcome measures (PROM) surpassing the MCID, and active elevation range of motion. Conclusions There is limited evidence that exercise and co-interventions are effective in the management of some patients with MRCT, based on a systematic review without meta-analysis. Future research should improve content reporting. Level of evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Fernández-Matías
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando García-Pérez
- Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Néstor Requejo-Salinas
- Department of Physical Therapy, Superior Center for University Studies La Salle, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Motion in Brains Research Group, Institute of Neuroscience and Movement Sciences (INCIMOV). Superior Center for University Studies La Salle. Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Gavín-González
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martínez-Martín
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain
| | - Homero García-Valencia
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Unit, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcon, Madrid, Spain
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Wolf F, Nielsen J, Saliger J, Hennecken E, Kröber P, Eschweiler M, Folkerts AK, Karbe H, Zimmer P. Multimodal agility-based exercise training (MAT) versus strength and endurance training (SET) to improve multiple sclerosis-related fatigue and fatigability during inpatient rehabilitation: a randomized controlled pilot and feasibility study [ReFEx]. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:388. [PMID: 37898772 PMCID: PMC10612282 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimodal agility-based exercise training (MAT) is a group-based exercise training framework for persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) with a potential to impact fatigue and fatigability. In a mixed-methods design, this study evaluated the feasibility of implementing MAT in an inpatient rehabilitation setting and the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) study protocol with 'traditional' strength and endurance training (SET) as an active control condition. Secondarily, preliminary outcome data was acquired. METHODS PwMS with low to moderate disability and self-reported fatigue were randomly allocated to either MAT or SET when starting inpatient rehabilitation (4-6 weeks). The MAT-participants exercised in a group following a MAT-manual (sessions were gym- (5x/week) and pool-based (3x/week)). SET-participants exercised individually 5x/week on a cycle ergometer, and 3x/week on strength training machines. Feasibility assessments focused on processes, resources, management, time, and scientific domains. Assessed clinical outcomes at admission and discharge included perceived fatigue, motor and cognitive fatigability, cognitive performance, motor function, and balance confidence. Perceived fatigue was reassessed 1, 4, and 12 weeks after discharge. Feasibility was determined regarding predetermined progression criteria. RESULTS Twenty-two participants were randomized. Both groups performed the minimum number of sessions (> 18), and retention was adequate (73-91%). SET-participants performed more sessions than MAT-participants (30.8 vs. 22.7) and stayed longer in the facility (34.2 vs. 31.6 days). Non-eligibility of admitted pwMS was high (74% non-eligible), mainly due to high EDSS and inability to attend pool-based sessions. Consequently, recruitment (1.8/month) was slower than the predetermined progression criterium. Baseline assessments took longer than required (only 50% completed within 3 days). Short-term fatigue reduction was similar for both groups. Motor fatigability also improved in both groups, whereas cognitive fatigability deteriorated. In MAT, average improvement in walking endurance (43.9 m) exceeded minimal important change values for individuals (> 26.9 m). CONCLUSIONS Progressing to a definitive RCT necessitates adaptation of eligibility criteria. In the present design it will also be difficult to attain similar dosing of interventions. A multicenter RCT focused only on gym-based MAT might be another option to assess the effect of MAT. The primary outcome measure should be able to measure change in perceived fatigue more robustly. TRIAL REGISTRATION German Clinical Trials Register: DRKS00023943, date of registration: 23 September 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Wolf
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center Godeshoehe GmbH, Bonn, Germany.
- Division of Performance and Health, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Jörn Nielsen
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center Godeshoehe GmbH, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology | Neuropsychology and Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jochen Saliger
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center Godeshoehe GmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Hennecken
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center Godeshoehe GmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Kröber
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center Godeshoehe GmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Ann-Kristin Folkerts
- Department of Medical Psychology | Neuropsychology and Gender Studies, Center for Neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention (CeNDI), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Karbe
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center Godeshoehe GmbH, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Division of Performance and Health, Institute for Sport and Sport Science, Technical University Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
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Sekel NM, Hughes JM, Sterczala AJ, Mroz KH, Lovalekar M, Cauley J, Greeves JP, Nindl BC. Utility of HR-pQCT in detecting training-induced changes in healthy adult bone morphology and microstructure. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1266292. [PMID: 37929211 PMCID: PMC10623356 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1266292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy bone adjusts its traits in an exceptionally coordinated, compensatory process. Recent advancements in skeletal imaging via High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (HR-pQCT) allows for the in vivo 3-dimensional and longitudinal quantification of bone density, microarchitecture, geometry, and parameters of mechanical strength in response to varying strain stimuli including those resulting from exercise or military training. Further, the voxel size of 61 microns has the potential to capture subtle changes in human bone in as little as 8 weeks. Given the typical time course of bone remodeling, short-term detection of skeletal changes in bone microstructure and morphology is indicative of adaptive bone formation, the deposition of new bone formation, uncoupled from prior resorption, that can occur at mechanistically advantageous regions. This review aims to synthesize existing training-induced HR-pQCT data in three distinct populations of healthy adults excluding disease states, pharmacological intervention and nutritional supplementation. Those included are: 1) military basic or officer training 2) general population and 3) non-osteoporotic aging. This review aims to further identify similarities and contrasts with prior modalities and cumulatively interpret results within the scope of bone functional adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Sekel
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Julie M. Hughes
- Military Performance Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Adam J. Sterczala
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kelly H. Mroz
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mita Lovalekar
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jane Cauley
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Julie P. Greeves
- Army Health and Performance Research, UK Army, Andover, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley C. Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory, Warrior Human Performance Research Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Ribeiro AKPDL, Carvalho JPR, Bento-Torres NVO. Physical exercise as treatment for adults with type 2 diabetes: a rapid review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1233906. [PMID: 37842305 PMCID: PMC10569299 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1233906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALY). Physical exercise is an effective non-pharmacological intervention to promote glycaemic control in T2DM. However, the optimal exercise parameters for glycemic control in individuals with T2DM remain unclear. Objective This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical training variables - frequency, intensity, type, duration, volume, and progression - and glycemic control in individuals with T2DM. Methods A rapid systematic literature review was conducted on PubMed and LILACS databases. The PICOT strategy was employed to define the inclusion criteria. Eligible studies had to assess the impact of exercise parameters (frequency, intensity, type, duration, volume, and progression) on glycemic control indicators, primarily glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were included in the review. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the PEDro scale (PROSPERO - CRD 42021262614). Results Out of 1188 papers initially identified, 18 reports met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. A total of 1,228 participants with T2DM (1086 in exercise groups) were included in the selected studies. Among these studies, 16 (88.9%) were RCTs and 2 (11.1%) were nRCTs. The age of participants ranged from 43.1 and 68.9 years, and the average intervention duration was 16.8 weeks. Data on adherence to the intervention, adverse events, detailed intervention protocol, and its impacts on glycaemic control, lipid profile, blood pressure, anthropometric measures, medication, body composition, and physical fitness are reported. Conclusion The evidence supports the safety and effectiveness of physical exercises as non-pharmacological interventions for glycemic control. Aerobic, resistance and combined training interventions were associated with reductions in HbA1c and fasting glucose. The diversity of the physical exercise intervention protocols investigated in the studies included in this review is an important limitation to generalizing evidence-based practice. The call for action is mandatory to implement large-scale education programs on the prevention of diabetes and public health policies aimed to include well-planned and supervised exercise programs as an essential part of the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO, identifier (CRD42021262614).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Karoline Pinto de Lima Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Attention and Clinical Study in Diabetes, Institute of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Josilayne Patrícia Ramos Carvalho
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - Natáli Valim Oliver Bento-Torres
- Graduate Program in Attention and Clinical Study in Diabetes, Institute of Medical Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Neurodegeneration and Infection Research Laboratory, João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Human Movement Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
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Zou L, Herold F, Ludyga S, Kamijo K, Müller NG, Pontifex MB, Heath M, Kuwamizu R, Soya H, Hillman CH, Ando S, Alderman BL, Cheval B, Kramer AF. Look into my eyes: What can eye-based measures tell us about the relationship between physical activity and cognitive performance? JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:568-591. [PMID: 37148971 PMCID: PMC10466196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest to understand the neurobiological mechanisms that drive the positive associations of physical activity and fitness with measures of cognitive performance. To better understand those mechanisms, several studies have employed eye-based measures (e.g., eye movement measures such as saccades, pupillary measures such as pupil dilation, and vascular measures such as retinal vessel diameter) deemed to be proxies for specific neurobiological mechanisms. However, there is currently no systematic review providing a comprehensive overview of these studies in the field of exercise-cognition science. Thus, this review aimed to address that gap in the literature. METHODS To identify eligible studies, we searched 5 electronic databases on October 23, 2022. Two researchers independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (TESTEX scale, for interventional studies) and the critical appraisal tool from the Joanna Briggs Institute (for cross-sectional studies). RESULTS Our systematic review (n = 35 studies) offers the following main findings: (a) there is insufficient evidence available to draw solid conclusions concerning gaze-fixation-based measures; (b) the evidence that pupillometric measures, which are a proxy for the noradrenergic system, can explain the positive effect of acute exercise and cardiorespiratory fitness on cognitive performance is mixed; (c) physical training- or fitness-related changes of the cerebrovascular system (operationalized via changes in retinal vasculature) are, in general, positively associated with cognitive performance improvements; (d) acute and chronic physical exercises show a positive effect based on an oculomotor-based measure of executive function (operationalized via antisaccade tasks); and (e) the positive association between cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance is partly mediated by the dopaminergic system (operationalized via spontaneous eye-blink rate). CONCLUSION This systematic review offers confirmation that eye-based measures can provide valuable insight into the neurobiological mechanisms that may drive positive associations between physical activity and fitness and measures of cognitive performance. However, due to the limited number of studies utilizing specific methods for obtaining eye-based measures (e.g., pupillometry, retinal vessel analysis, spontaneous eye blink rate) or investigating a possible dose-response relationship, further research is necessary before more nuanced conclusions can be drawn. Given that eye-based measures are economical and non-invasive, we hope this review will foster the future application of eye-based measures in the field of exercise-cognition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Basel 4052, Switzerland
| | - Keita Kamijo
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Nagoya 466-8666, Japan
| | - Notger G Müller
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Matthew B Pontifex
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Matthew Heath
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London ON N6A 3K7, Canada; Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ryuta Kuwamizu
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Hideaki Soya
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Neuroendocrinology, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan; Sport Neuroscience Division, Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-0006, Japan
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Brandon L Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Boris Cheval
- Swiss Center for Affective Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland; Laboratory for the Study of Emotion Elicitation and Expression (E3Lab), Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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Margaritelis NV, Nastos GG, Vasileiadou O, Chatzinikolaou PN, Theodorou AA, Paschalis V, Vrabas IS, Kyparos A, Fatouros IG, Nikolaidis MG. Inter-individual variability in redox and performance responses after antioxidant supplementation: A randomized double blind crossover study. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14017. [PMID: 37401190 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the inter-individual variability in redox and physiological responses of antioxidant-deficient subjects after antioxidant supplementation. METHODS Two hundred individuals were sorted by plasma vitamin C levels. A low vitamin C group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 22) were compared in terms of oxidative stress and performance. Subsequently, the low vitamin C group received for 30 days vitamin C (1 g) or placebo, in randomized, double-blind, crossover fashion, and the effects were examined through a mixed-effects model, while individual responses were calculated. RESULTS The low vitamin C group exhibited lower vitamin C (-25 μmol/L; 95%CI[-31.7, -18.3]; p < 0.001), higher F2 -isoprostanes (+17.1 pg/mL; 95%CI[6.5, 27.7]; p = 0.002), impaired VO2max (-8.2 mL/kg/min; 95%CI[-12.8, -3.6]; p < 0.001) and lower isometric peak torque (-41.5 Nm; 95%CI[-61.8, -21.2]; p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Regarding antioxidant supplementation, a significant treatment effect was found in vitamin C (+11.6 μmol/L; 95%CI[6.8, 17.1], p < 0.001), F2 -isoprostanes (-13.7 pg/mL; 95%CI[-18.9, -8.4], p < 0.001), VO2max (+5.4 mL/kg/min; 95%CI[2.7, 8.2], p = 0.001) and isometric peak torque (+18.7; 95%CI[11.8, 25.7 Nm], p < 0.001). The standard deviation for individual responses (SDir) was greater than the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) for all variables indicating meaningful inter-individual variability. When a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was set, inter-individual variability remained for VO2max , but not for isometric peak torque. CONCLUSION The proportion of response was generally high after supplementation (82.9%-95.3%); however, a few participants did not benefit from the treatment. This underlines the potential need for personalized nutritional interventions in an exercise physiology context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - George G Nastos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Olga Vasileiadou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Panagiotis N Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Anastasios A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vrabas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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Hanna L, Burns C, O’Neill C, Coughlan E. A Systematic Review of the Implementation and Effectiveness of 'The Daily Mile' on Markers of Children's Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6203. [PMID: 37444051 PMCID: PMC10340552 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Currently, a high percentage of children globally fail to meet the World Health Organisation's (WHO) recommended daily physical activity (PA) guidelines. The Daily Mile (TDM) is a school-based PA initiative, designed to improve primary school children's PA behaviour. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the extant TDM implementation process and identify its impact on health-related metrics. Three databases were used to search for articles from the time TDM originated in 2012 until February 2022. The identification and screening process of articles for their ability to meet this review's eligibility criteria were facilitated by use of PRISMA and Rayyan. Sixteen articles from the initial search (n = 202) were deemed eligible for inclusion. An analysis of these articles identified five common outcome categories that permeated throughout the research articles: (1) cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF); (2) anthropometry and body composition; (3) PA; (4) cognition; and (5) process evaluation. Results presented from the included articles suggests TDM positively impacts markers of a variety of health-related metrics, namely CRF and PA. However, implementation barriers including TDM's repetitive nature, time constraints associated with competing curriculum demands and inadequate facilities regularly necessitate the adaptation and development of the original TDM format by schools and teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Hanna
- Department of Sport, Leisure and Childhood Studies, Munster Technological University, Bishopstown, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland; (C.B.); (C.O.); (E.C.)
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Yıldırım P, Basol G, Karahan AY. Pilates-based therapeutic exercise for pregnancy-related low back and pelvic pain: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil 2023; 69:207-215. [PMID: 37671372 PMCID: PMC10475913 DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2023.11054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives In this study, we aimed to clarify the impact of a Pilates-based therapeutic exercise on disability, pain, mood, and sleep quality in patients with pregnancy-related lumbopelvic pain (LPP). Patients and methods In the single-blinded randomized controlled study conducted between January 2018 and June 2018, 34 pregnant women (mean age: 29.7±6.2 years; range, 18 to 40 years) in the second trimester (week 14-24) with LPP were randomly assigned to a control group and a Pilates group. All patients underwent usual prenatal care. In addition, the selected Pilates exercise was carried out twice a week for 60-min per session for 12 weeks in the Pilates group. The control group was not prescribed an exercise regimen; however, they were not discouraged from exercising. The primary outcome was disability; secondary outcomes were LPP, mood, and sleep quality. Disability [Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ)], LPP [Visual Analog Scale (VAS)], mood [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Anxiety (HADS-A) and Depression (HADS-D) subscales], and sleep quality [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)] were measured before and after 12 weeks. Adverse effects and adherence were recorded to determine exercise safety and compliance. The intention-to-treat analysis was applied. Results The between-group effect sizes were moderate for the RMDQ and VAS scales (d=0.4 and d=0.7, respectively) and small for the HADS-A and HADS-D scales (both d=0.2). The intention-to-treat analysis demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference in disability, pain, and mood in favor of the Pilates group (p0.05). Conclusion Adding Pilates to usual prenatal care should be considered a promising treatment option for pregnancy-related LPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Yıldırım
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Health Sciences, Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Gulfem Basol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Health Sciences Kocaeli Derince Training and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Ali Yavuz Karahan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uşak University, Uşak, Türkiye
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Bruggisser F, Knaier R, Roth R, Wang W, Qian J, Scheer FAJL. Best Time of Day for Strength and Endurance Training to Improve Health and Performance? A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2023; 9:34. [PMID: 37208462 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-023-00577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current recommendations for physical exercise include information about the frequency, intensity, type, and duration of exercise. However, to date, there are no recommendations on what time of day one should exercise. The aim was to perform a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate if the time of day of exercise training in intervention studies influences the degree of improvements in physical performance or health-related outcomes. METHODS The databases EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to January 2023. Eligibility criteria were that the studies conducted structured endurance and/or strength training with a minimum of two exercise sessions per week for at least 2 weeks and compared exercise training between at least two different times of the day using a randomized crossover or parallel group design. RESULTS From 14,125 screened articles, 26 articles were included in the systematic review of which seven were also included in the meta-analyses. Both the qualitative synthesis and the quantitative synthesis (i.e., meta-analysis) provide little evidence for or against the hypothesis that training at a specific time of day leads to more improvements in performance-related or health-related outcomes compared to other times. There was some evidence that there is a benefit when training and testing occur at the same time of day, mainly for performance-related outcomes. Overall, the risk of bias in most studies was high. CONCLUSIONS The current state of research provides evidence neither for nor against a specific time of the day being more beneficial, but provides evidence for larger effects when there is congruency between training and testing times. This review provides recommendations to improve the design and execution of future studies on this topic. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42021246468).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Bruggisser
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Knaier
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Ralf Roth
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Sams L, Langdown BL, Simons J, Vseteckova J. The Effect Of Percussive Therapy On Musculoskeletal Performance And Experiences Of Pain: A Systematic Literature Review. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2023; 18:309-327. [PMID: 37020441 PMCID: PMC10069390 DOI: 10.26603/001c.73795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of specific research on the effect of percussive therapy (PT) delivered by massage guns on physiological adaptations. This systematic literature review investigates research conducted on the effects of PT interventions on performance in strength and conditioning settings, and on experiences of musculoskeletal pain. Purpose To determine the effect of PT delivered by massage guns on physiological adaptations: muscle strength, explosive muscle strength and flexibility, and experiences of musculoskeletal pain. Study Design Systematic literature review. Methods Data sources (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Psychinfo, PubMed, SportDISCUS and OpenGrey) were searched from January 2006 onwards for full text literature in any language involving adult populations receiving PT delivered by massage guns, directly to any muscle belly or tendon, with comparisons to an alternative treatment, placebo or no treatment. Literature with outcomes relating to acute or chronic physiological adaptations in muscle strength, explosive muscle strength, flexibility or experiences of musculoskeletal pain were included. Articles were assessed for quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and PEDro scores. Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. All studies had limitations in methodological quality or reporting of findings but still included contextually-rich details that contributed to the overall narrative synthesis. A significant relationship was found between a single application of PT delivered by massage guns and an acute increase in muscle strength, explosive muscle strength and flexibility, with multiple treatments eliciting a reduction in experiences of musculoskeletal pain. Conclusion PT delivered by massage guns can help improve acute muscle strength, explosive muscle strength and flexibility, and reduce experiences of musculoskeletal pain. These devices may provide a portable and cost-effective alternative to other forms of vibration and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Sams
- Faculty of welfare, education and language The Open University
| | - Ben L Langdown
- Faculty of welfare, education and language The Open University
| | - Joan Simons
- Faculty of welfare, education and language The Open University
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Brach M, de Bruin ED, Levin O, Hinrichs T, Zijlstra W, Netz Y. Evidence-based yet still challenging! Research on physical activity in old age. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2023; 20:7. [PMID: 36932320 PMCID: PMC10022149 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-023-00318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Preserving functional health and quality-of-life in old age is a major goal and global challenge in public health. The high rate of sedentary behavior that is characteristic of the older adult population exacerbates impairments of physiological and structural systems that are typically seen in the aging process. Achieving an understanding of the profound influence of physical activity on all aspects of health in old age is the driving force behind the emergence of "physical activity in old age" as a growing area of research. Accumulated evidence implies that being physically active and exercising is far superior to other optimal aging facilitators. Yet this area of research faces numerous constraints and obstacles. This commentary addresses some of these challenges, primarily the heterogeneity of the aging process, which induces both inter- and intra-individual differences among aged individuals, heterogeneity in assessment tools, unjustified inclusion/exclusion criteria and insufficient recruitment strategies, difficulties in implementing research results in real-world conditions, and rudimentary exploitation of innovative technology. We explain the importance of establishing a network of multidisciplinary scientists and stakeholders to propose consensus-based goals and scientifically evidenced wide-ranging plans for dealing with these challenges. In addition, we suggest work directions for this network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Brach
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Eling D. de Bruin
- Department of Health, OST – Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Oron Levin
- Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Timo Hinrichs
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wiebren Zijlstra
- Institute of Movement and Sport Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yael Netz
- Levinsky-Wingate Academic Center, The Academic College at Wingate, Netanya, Israel
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Arora NK, Roehrken G, Crumbach S, Phatak A, Labott BK, Nicklas A, Wicker P, Donath L. Good Scientific Practice and Ethics in Sports and Exercise Science: A Brief and Comprehensive Hands-on Appraisal for Sports Research. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:sports11020047. [PMID: 36828332 PMCID: PMC9964730 DOI: 10.3390/sports11020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sports and exercise training research is constantly evolving to maintain, improve, or regain psychophysical, social, and emotional performance. Exercise training research requires a balance between the benefits and the potential risks. There is an inherent risk of scientific misconduct and adverse events in most sports; however, there is a need to minimize it. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical and ethical challenges in sports and exercise research. We also enlist solutions to improve method design in clinical trials and provide checklists to minimize the chances of scientific misconduct. At the outset, historical milestones of exercise science literature are summarized. It is followed by details about the currently available regulations that help to reduce the risk of violating good scientific practices. We also outline the unique characteristics of sports-related research with a narrative of the major differences between sports and drug-based trials. An emphasis is then placed on the importance of well-designed studies to improve the interpretability of results and generalizability of the findings. This review finally suggests that sports researchers should comply with the available guidelines to improve the planning and conduct of future research thereby reducing the risk of harm to research participants. The authors suggest creating an oath to prevent malpractice, thereby improving the knowledge standards in sports research. This will also aid in deriving more meaningful implications for future research based on high-quality, ethically sound evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar Arora
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Applied Sciences, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Golo Roehrken
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah Crumbach
- Institute of Sport Economics and Sport Management, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ashwin Phatak
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Berit K. Labott
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Sport Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - André Nicklas
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pamela Wicker
- Department of Sports Science, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Lars Donath
- Department of Intervention Research in Exercise Training, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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Turner J, Clanchy K, Vincze L. Telehealth interventions for physical activity and exercise participation in postpartum women: A quantitative systematic review. Prev Med 2023; 167:107413. [PMID: 36603606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Postpartum women are one of the least physically active vulnerable populations globally and telehealth has been proposed as a potential method of delivering effective exercise interventions for this population. However, clinical practice guidelines are based upon the recommendations for the general population and therefore, the most efficacious exercise dose and the delivery method for this population is unclear. This quantitative systematic review will examine the implementation and outcomes of telehealth exercise interventions in the postpartum population to synthesise the degree to which these outcomes have been assessed and evaluated. Five databases were searched from January 2001 to March 2022. Studies implementing synchronous telehealth exercise interventions for postpartum women were included. Interventions were examined against the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist that assesses intervention reporting completeness and replicability. Of the 1036 records identified, 16 studies progressed to data extraction. Six interventions provided individualised exercise prescription, and only four were delivered by university-level exercise practitioners. Physical activity participation was well reported, however health-related outcomes (i.e., muscular strength and aerobic capacity) were very minimally assessed. Only one intervention utilised modern video conferencing as the primary telehealth communication method. With the minimal assessment of health-related outcomes, there is limited scope to assess the effectiveness of these interventions for postpartum women. Future research interventions need to be reported according to a validated trial reporting system and focus on relevant health related outcomes including postpartum depressive symptoms, quality of life, cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength and body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Turner
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Kelly Clanchy
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.
| | - Lisa Vincze
- School of Health Sciences and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Zhao H, Cheng R, Song G, Teng J, Shen S, Fu X, Yan Y, Liu C. The Effect of Resistance Training on the Rehabilitation of Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15491. [PMID: 36497565 PMCID: PMC9739568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Resistance training is considered to be an efficient treatment for age-related sarcopenia and can improve muscle strength and quality in patients. However, there are currently no recommendations on resistance training parameters to improve muscle strength and quality in elderly patients with sarcopenia. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and included 13 eligible RCTs. Resistance training significantly improved grip strength, gait speed, and skeletal muscle index in patients with age-related sarcopenia, and kettlebell was found to be the most effective modality. However, it is noteworthy that the elastic band is also a recommended form of resistance training considering that the kettlebell intervention was tested in only one study, while the elastic band was confirmed by multiple studies. Elastic band training (Hedges's g = 0.629, 95%CI = 0.090-1.168, p < 0.05) (40-60 min per session, more than three times per week for at least 12 weeks) was the most efficient training method. Thus, resistance training can significantly improve muscle strength and muscle quality in elderly patients with sarcopenia. In addition, moderate-intensity resistance training using elastic bands may be the best training prescription for elderly patients with sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhao
- Department of Physical Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruihong Cheng
- School of Sports Engineering, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ge Song
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Teng
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Siqin Shen
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Xuancheng Fu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yi Yan
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
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King A, Helms E, Zinn C, Jukic I. The Ergogenic Effects of Acute Carbohydrate Feeding on Resistance Exercise Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:2691-2712. [PMID: 35809162 PMCID: PMC9584980 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01716-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion has an ergogenic effect on endurance training performance. Less is known about the effect of acute CHO ingestion on resistance training (RT) performance and equivocal results are reported in the literature. OBJECTIVE The current systematic review and meta-analysis sought to determine if and to what degree CHO ingestion influences RT performance. METHODS PubMed, MEDLINE, SportDiscus, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for peer-reviewed articles written in English that used a cross-over design to assess the acute effect of CHO ingestion on RT performance outcomes (e.g., muscle strength, power, and endurance) in healthy human participants compared to a placebo or water-only conditions. The Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool and GRADE approaches were used to assess risk of bias and certainty of evidence, respectively. Random effects meta-analyses were performed for total training session volume and post-exercise blood lactate and glucose. Sub-group meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed for categorical (session and fast durations) and continuous (total number of maximal effort sets, load used, and CHO dose) covariates, respectively. RESULTS Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 226 participants). Pooled results revealed a significant benefit of CHO ingestion in comparison to a placebo or control for total session training volume (standardised mean difference [SMD] = 0.61). Sub-group analysis revealed a significant benefit of CHO ingestion during sessions longer than 45 min (SMD = 1.02) and after a fast duration of 8 h or longer (SMD = 0.39). Pooled results revealed elevated post-exercise blood lactate (SMD = 0.58) and blood glucose (SMD = 2.36) with CHO ingestion. Meta-regression indicated that the number of maximal effort sets, but not CHO dose or load used, moderates the effect of CHO ingestion on RT performance (beta co-efficient [b] = 0.11). Carbohydrate dose does not moderate post-exercise lactate accumulation nor do maximal effort sets completed, load used, and CHO dose moderate the effect of CHO ingestion on post-exercise blood glucose. CONCLUSIONS Carbohydrate ingestion has an ergogenic effect on RT performance by enhancing volume performance, which is more likely to occur when sessions exceed 45 min and where the fast duration is ≥ 8 h. Further, the effect is moderated by the number of maximal effort sets completed, but not the load used or CHO dose. Post-exercise blood lactate is elevated following CHO ingestion but may come at the expense of an extended time-course of recovery due to the additional training volume performed. Post-exercise blood glucose is elevated when CHO is ingested during RT, but it is presently unclear if it has an impact on RT performance. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION The original protocol was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework (Project identifier: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/HJFBW ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew King
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, 17 Antares Place, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0632, New Zealand.
| | - Eric Helms
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, 17 Antares Place, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0632, New Zealand
| | - Caryn Zinn
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, 17 Antares Place, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0632, New Zealand
| | - Ivan Jukic
- Sport Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, 17 Antares Place, Mairangi Bay, Auckland, 0632, New Zealand
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Königstein K, Meier J, Angst T, Maurer DJ, Kröpfl JM, Carrard J, Infanger D, Baumann S, Bischofsberger I, Harder M, Jäggi Y, Wettach S, Hanssen H, Schmidt-Trucksäss A. VascuFit: vascular effects of non-linear periodized exercise training in sedentary adults with elevated cardiovascular risk - protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:449. [PMID: 36303113 PMCID: PMC9615395 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early vascular aging (EVA) is increasingly prevalent in the general population. Exercise is important for primary cardiovascular prevention, but often insufficient due to ineffective training methods and a lack of biomarkers suitable to monitor its vascular effects. VascuFit will assess the effectiveness of non-linear periodized aerobic exercise (NLPE) in a non-athletic sedentary population to improve both established and promising biomarkers of EVA. Methods Forty-three sedentary adults, aged 40–60 years, with elevated cardiovascular risk will either engage in 8 weeks of ergometer-based NLPE (n = 28) or receive standard exercise recommendations (n = 15). The primary outcome will be the change of brachial-arterial flow-mediated dilation (baFMD) after versus before the intervention. Secondary outcomes will be the change in static vessel analysis (SVA; clinical biomarker of microvascular endothelial function), endomiRs (microRNAs regulating key molecular pathways of endothelial cell homeostasis) and circulating cellular markers of endothelial function (mature endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells). Tertiary outcomes will be the change in sphingolipidome, maximum oxygen capacity, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors (blood pressure, triglycerides, cholesterol, fasting glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein). Discussion We expect an improvement of baFMD of at least 2.6% and significant pre-post intervention differences of SVA and endomiRs as well as of the tertiary outcomes in the intervention group. VascuFit may demonstrate the effectiveness of NLPE to improve endothelial function, thus vascular health, in the general sedentary population. Furthermore, this project might demonstrate the potential of selected molecular and cellular biomarkers to monitor endothelial adaptations to aerobic exercise. Trial registration The trial was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05235958) in February 11th 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Königstein
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland. .,Clinic for Children and Adolescent Medicine, Staedtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Jennifer Meier
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Angst
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Debbie J Maurer
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland.,Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM), Davos, Switzerland
| | - Julia M Kröpfl
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Justin Carrard
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis Infanger
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Baumann
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Imerio Bischofsberger
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Harder
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yves Jäggi
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabrina Wettach
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Grosse Allee 6, 4052, Basel, Switzerland
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Bonafiglia JT, Islam H, Preobrazenski N, Gurd BJ. Risk of bias and reporting practices in studies comparing VO 2max responses to sprint interval vs. continuous training: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 11:552-566. [PMID: 33722760 PMCID: PMC9532877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains unclear whether studies comparing maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) response to sprint interval training (SIT) vs. moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) are associated with a high risk of bias and poor reporting quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of bias and quality of reporting in studies comparing changes in VO2max between SIT and MICT. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search of 4 major databases: AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE. Studies were excluded if participants were not healthy adult humans or if training protocols were unsupervised, lasted less than 2 weeks, or utilized mixed exercise modalities. We used the Cochrane Collaboration tool and the CONSORT checklist for non-pharmacological trials to evaluate the risk of bias and reporting quality, respectively. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies with 30 comparisons (3 studies included 2 SIT groups) were included in our meta-analysis (n = 360 SIT participants: body mass index (BMI) = 25.9 ± 3.7 kg/m2, baseline VO2max = 37.9 ± 8.0 mL/kg/min; n = 359 MICT participants: BMI = 25.5 ± 3.8 kg/m2, baseline VO2max = 38.3 ± 8.0 mL/kg/min; all mean ± SD). All studies had an unclear risk of bias and poor reporting quality. CONCLUSION Although we observed a lack of superiority between SIT and MICT for improving VO2max (weighted Hedge's g = -0.004, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): -0.08 to 0.07), the overall unclear risk of bias calls the validity of this conclusion into question. Future studies using robust study designs are needed to interrogate the possibility that SIT and MICT result in similar changes in VO2max.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Hashim Islam
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Preobrazenski
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada.
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Grgic J, Grgic I. Resistance Training–Induced Gains in Rate of Force Development Are Maintained During Training Cessation: A Meta-Analysis. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Dring KJ, Hatch LA, Williams RA, Morris JG, Sunderland C, Nevill ME, Cooper SB. Effect of 5-weeks participation in The Daily Mile on cognitive function, physical fitness, and body composition in children. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14309. [PMID: 35995812 PMCID: PMC9395391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18371-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of 5-weeks participation in The Daily Mile on cognitive function, physical fitness, and adiposity in primary school children. In a quasi-experimental study, one class from each school completed The Daily Mile (n = 44) or acted as a control group (n = 35). Baseline measures included cognitive function tests (Stroop test, Sternberg paradigm, Flanker task), physical fitness (multi-stage fitness test) and body composition (BMI percentile, waist:hip circumference, sum of skinfolds). The intervention group completed 5-weeks of The Daily Mile. Follow-up measurements were completed within 48-h of the last training session. Data were analysed via ANCOVA, examining between group differences at follow-up, controlling for baseline values. Response times on the complex Stroop test were faster at follow-up in the intervention group (Intervention: 1357 ms [1280–1400 ms]; Control: 1463 ms, [1410–1523 ms], d = 0.31, p = 0.048). There was no effect of The Daily Mile on the Sternberg paradigm or Flanker test. Physical fitness was greater at follow-up in the intervention group (Intervention: 880 m, [820–940 m]; Control: 740 m, [680–800 m], d = 0.39, p = 0.002). There was no effect of the intervention on adiposity. In conclusion, five-weeks of The Daily Mile enhanced inhibitory control and physical fitness in children, but did not affect working memory, attention, or adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karah J Dring
- Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK.
| | - Lorna A Hatch
- Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Ryan A Williams
- Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - John G Morris
- Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Caroline Sunderland
- Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Mary E Nevill
- Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Simon B Cooper
- Sport Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
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Williams RA, Dring KJ, Morris JG, Sunderland C, Nevill ME, Cooper SB. Effect of two-weeks of school-based sprint training on physical fitness, risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases and cognitive function in adolescent girls: A randomized controlled pilot trial. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:884051. [PMID: 35992157 PMCID: PMC9390877 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.884051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background School-based physical activity interventions are accessible to most adolescents and could enhance adolescent cardiometabolic health and cognition; yet the feasibility and success of school-based physical activity interventions is understudied. Methods Sixteen adolescent girls (age: 11.7 ± 0.3 y; height: 1.58 ± 0.07 m; body mass: 45.5 ± 9.2 kg) were randomized to either an intervention (2-weeks sprint training; n = 8) or control group (continuation of regular physical activity levels; n = 8). Following familiarization, all participants completed baseline measurements including fasted and postprandial capillary blood samples, a battery of cognitive function tests (Stroop Test, Sternberg Paradigm and Flanker Task), and an assessment of physical fitness (20 m sprint and multi-stage fitness test). The intervention group completed 2-weeks progressive sprint training (3 sessions per week: week one 6 × 10 s sprints, week two 8 × 10 s sprints). Follow-up measurements were completed 48 h after the final sprint training session. Data were analyzed via ANCOVA to examine between group differences at follow-up whilst controlling for baseline score. Results Accuracy in the intervention group during the three-item Sternberg paradigm was greater when compared with the control group (Intervention: 99.6 ± 1.1%; Control: 97.7 ± 2.2%, p = 0.046). BDNF concentration was also higher in the intervention group at follow-up than control group (Intervention: 39.12 ± 9.88 ng.ml−1; Control: 22.95 ± 9.13 ng.ml−1, p < 0.001). There were no differences at follow-up between the intervention and control group for measures of cardiometabolic health (fasted cytokine concentrations or postprandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses) or on the Stroop Test or Flanker Task (all p > 0.05). However, the intervention group reported enjoying the sprint training and that they found the sessions valuable. Conclusion Two-weeks sprint interval training in a school-setting enhanced working memory and increased concentrations of BDNF in adolescent girls. The intervention was deemed enjoyable and worthwhile by the adolescent girls and thus the longer-term implementation of such an intervention should be examined.
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The Relationship between Exercise and Salivary Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081489. [PMID: 36009209 PMCID: PMC9405445 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Salivary content has been reported as a potential biomarker for oxidative stress assessments especially in context of exercise-induced oxidative stress. This systematic review following PRISMA guidelines aimed to evaluate the effects of physical exercise and changes promoted in oxidative stress identified in saliva. Methods: Studies published up to May 2022 were searched in online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, LILACS, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar). Risk of bias evaluation were performed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Before-After (Pre-Post) Studies with No Control Group. Results: A total of 473 references were identified and 22 considered eligible. In this case 14 studies reported increase of antioxidant parameters in saliva while eight studies demonstrated increased lipid peroxidation after exercise. Regarding nitrite levels, two studies showed higher levels after exercise. The quality of evidence was very low due to high heterogeneity, inconsistency and indirectness among studies according Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation analysis. Conclusion: Increase of oxidative stress and antioxidant activity in saliva appears to be present after exercise, especially at moderate intensity. However, the wide variety of methods leads to divergent data. For precision in salivary assessments, new research with larger sample sizes and better participant matching are recommended.
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Bjørke ACH, Buffart LM, Raastad T, Demmelmaier I, Stenling A, Nordin K, Berntsen S. Exploring Moderators of the Effect of High vs. Low-to-Moderate Intensity Exercise on Cardiorespiratory Fitness During Breast Cancer Treatment – Analyses of a Subsample From the Phys-Can RCT. Front Sports Act Living 2022; 4:902124. [PMID: 35903402 PMCID: PMC9314879 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2022.902124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionThe results from the physical training and cancer randomized controlled trial (Phys-Can RCT) indicate that high intensity (HI) strength and endurance training during (neo-)adjuvant cancer treatment is more beneficial for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF, measured as peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak]) than low-to-moderate intensity (LMI) exercise. Adherence to the exercise intervention and demographic or clinical characteristics of patients with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant treatment may moderate the exercise intervention effect on VO2peak. In this study, the objective was to investigate whether baseline values of VO2peak, body mass index (BMI), time spent in moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA), physical fatigue, age, chemotherapy treatment, and the adherence to the endurance training moderated the effect of HI vs. LMI exercise on VO2peak.Materials and MethodsWe used data collected from a subsample from the Phys-Can RCT; women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and had a valid baseline and post-intervention VO2peak test were included (n = 255). The exercise interventions from the RCT included strength and endurance training at either LMI, which was continuous endurance training at 40–50% of heart rate reserve (HRR), or at HI, which was interval training at 80–90% of HRR, with similar exercise volume in the two groups. Linear regression analyses were used to investigate moderating effects using a significance level of p < 0.10. Statistically significant interactions were examined further using the Johnson–Neyman (J-N) technique and regions of significance (for continuous variables) or box plots with adjusted means of post-intervention VO2peak (for binary variables).ResultsAge, as a continuous variable, and adherence, dichotomized into < or > 58% based on median, moderated the effect of HI vs. LMI on CRF (B = −0.08, 95% CI [−0.16, 0.01], pinteraction = 0.06, and B = 1.63, 95% CI [−0.12, 3.38], pinteraction = 0.07, respectively). The J-N technique and regions of significance indicated that the intervention effect (HI vs. LMI) was positive and statistically significant in participants aged 61 years or older. Baseline measurement of CRF, MVPA, BMI, physical fatigue, and chemotherapy treatment did not significantly moderate the intervention effect on CRF.ConclusionWomen with breast cancer who are older and who have higher adherence to the exercise regimen may have larger effects of HI exercise during (neo-)adjuvant cancer treatment on CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Christin Helgesen Bjørke
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Ann Christin Helgesen Bjørke
| | - Laurien M. Buffart
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Truls Raastad
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Demmelmaier
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andreas Stenling
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Nordin
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sveinung Berntsen
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Orange ST, Hritz A, Pearson L, Jeffries O, Jones TW, Steele J. Comparison of the effects of velocity-based vs. traditional resistance training methods on adaptations in strength, power, and sprint speed: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and quality of evidence appraisal. J Sports Sci 2022; 40:1220-1234. [PMID: 35380511 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2022.2059320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We estimated the effectiveness of using velocity feedback to regulate resistance training load on changes in muscle strength, power, and linear sprint speed in apparently healthy participants. Academic and grey literature databases were systematically searched to identify randomised trials that compared a velocity-based training intervention to a 'traditional' resistance training intervention that did not use velocity feedback. Standardised mean differences (SMDs) were pooled using a random effects model. Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk of Bias 2 tool and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Four trials met the eligibility criteria, comprising 27 effect estimates and 88 participants. The main analyses showed trivial differences and imprecise interval estimates for effects on muscle strength (SMD 0.06, 95% CI -0.51-0.63; I2 = 42.9%; 10 effects from 4 studies; low-quality evidence), power (SMD 0.11, 95% CI -0.28-0.49; I2 = 13.5%; 10 effects from 3 studies; low-quality evidence), and sprint speed (SMD -0.10, 95% CI -0.72-0.53; I2 = 30.0%; 7 effects from 2 studies; very low-quality evidence). The results were robust to various sensitivity analyses. In conclusion, there is currently no evidence that VBT and traditional resistance training methods lead to different alterations in muscle strength, power, or linear sprint speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel T Orange
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4DR, UK.,Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4DR, UK
| | - Adam Hritz
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4DR, UK
| | - Liam Pearson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Owen Jeffries
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4DR, UK
| | - Thomas W Jones
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Steele
- Faculty of Sport, Health and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, UK
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Wollesen B, Janssen TI, Müller H, Voelcker-Rehage C. Effects of cognitive-motor dual task training on cognitive and physical performance in healthy children and adolescents: A scoping review. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 224:103498. [PMID: 35091209 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous dual- or multitasking training has been used in manifold ways to improve cognitive-motor performance in different age groups. Dual task (DT) training is assumed to improve both, single task (ST) motor and cognitive performance, but particularly, performance under dual tasking conditions. Further, DT interventions have been shown to be beneficial for motor skill learning and cognitive performance as well as academic achievements in children and adolescents. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize current evidence on different cognitive-motor interventions that practice motor and cognitive performance simultaneously in children and adolescents and to identify training regimes that are most effective to improve cognitive or motor performance in this target group. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched (Pubmed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and APA Psycinfo) until May 2021. Following the PRISMA guidelines, title, abstract, and full-text screening as well as quality assessment was done by two independent reviewers. Studies were eligible if they (1) were published in English or German language, (2) accessible as a full-text version, (3) included at least one group of children or adolescents with a mean age of 4 to 21 years, (4) used dual-tasks as part of the intervention, (5) conducted one or more training sessions, and (6) reported at least one cognitive or motor outcome. The main outcome measures were cognitive and motor as well as cognitive-motor DT performance. Due to the heterogeneity in the characteristics of the included studies, we designed this review as a scoping review. RESULTS Seven studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 543, age four to 14 years, 47.1% female). One study reported two intervention experiments. Studies differed in sample size (20-189) as well as in type of training (specific or general DT training) and dose (frequency: one session/week to 110 sessions within 22 weeks). Overall, task-specific improvements in physical and cognitive functions were found, but not consistently across all interventions. Two interventions out of five interventions that measured motor performance demonstrated improvement in that domain, especially in balance. Three out of five interventions that measured cognitive functions found improved cognition. Only one study examined DT performance post training but failed to gain significant improvements in comparison to a control group. Studies only occasionally integrated training principles like individualization or progression in the design of their intervention. DISCUSSION The results indicate that DT training interventions may improve physical and/or cognitive functions in children and adolescents. Best practice recommendations for training regimes cannot be derived as outcomes differed a lot and were not systematically assessed across studies. Future studies should integrate more principles of training monitoring and aspects like individualization and progression to provide ideal training control and achieve better DT training results. Further, more high-quality trials are needed that adhere to the previous concepts. PSYCINFO CLASSIFICATION 2340 Cognitive Processes 2820 Cognitive & Perceptual Development. 3720 Sports.
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Keller M, Roth R, Achermann S, Faude O. Learning a new balance task: the influence of prior motor practice on training adaptations. Eur J Sport Sci 2022; 23:809-817. [PMID: 35297323 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2022.2053751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Prior motor experience is thought to aid in the acquisition of new skills. However, studies have shown that balance training does not promote learning of a subsequent balance task. These results stand in contrast to the learning-to-learn paradigm, which is well described for other tasks. We therefore tested if a coordinative affinity between tasks is needed to achieve a learning-to-learn for balance control.Three groups trained different motor tasks during training phase1 (coordination ladder (COOR); bipedal wobble board (2WB); single-leg wobble board (1WB)). During training phase2, all groups trained a tiltboard balance task. Task-specific and transfer effects were evaluated for phase1. A potential learning-to-learn effect was evaluated by comparing the acquisition rates from phase2 for the tiltboard task that was used for training and testing.The results indicate task-specific adaptations after phase1 for 1WB. In contrast, 2WB showed similar improvements than 1WB and COOR (effect sizes: -0.31 to -0.38) when tested on the wobble board with bipedal stance indicating no task-specific improvement for 2WB. For phase2, the linear regression analysis showed larger adaptations for 1WB and 2WB when compared to COOR. This effect implies some uncertainty due to overlapping confidence intervals.Task-specific adaptations after phase1 were found for 1WB but not 2WB. It is discussed that the difficulty of the training task could explain these contrasting results. During phase2, larger adaptations were found for both groups that trained balance tasks during phase1. Thus, despite some uncertainty, prior balance training appears to promote adaptations of a subsequently learned balance task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Keller
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ralf Roth
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Achermann
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Faude
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Peyré-Tartaruga LA, Martinez FG, Zanardi APJ, Casal MZ, Donida RG, Delabary MS, Passos-Monteiro E, Coertjens M, Haas AN. Samba, deep water, and poles: a framework for exercise prescription in Parkinson's disease. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2022; 18:1119-1127. [PMID: 35194464 PMCID: PMC8853142 DOI: 10.1007/s11332-022-00894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a brain disorder that leads to tremor, slowness, muscle stiffness, and other movement disorders. The benefits of exercise for reducing disability in individuals with Parkinson’s disease are numerous. However, not much is known about the designing and prescription of exercise in neurodegenerative diseases. A brief review and indications for exercise prescription and evaluation are discussed throughout. In this scoping review, we specifically aimed to describe the applicability of walking tests (6-min/10-m) for the prescription of exercise in individuals with Parkinson’s disease and to propose training (undulating periodized) designs in three exercise modalities, Brazilian dance rhythms (Samba and Forró), deep-water exercises, and Nordic walking. These training models and evaluation methods may assist coaches and therapists in organizing exercise programs adequate to people with Parkinson’s disease, and are essential steps toward a comprehensive and more detailed understanding of the training loads in motor disorders and disease states.
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de Almeida FO, Santana V, Corcos DM, Ugrinowitsch C, Silva-Batista C. Effects of Endurance Training on Motor Signs of Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:1789-1815. [PMID: 35113386 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has demonstrated that endurance training (ET) reduces the motor signs of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there has not been a comprehensive meta-analysis of studies to date. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ET versus nonactive and active control conditions on motor signs as assessed by either the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III) or Movement Disorder Society-UPDRS-III (MDS-UPDRS-III). METHODS A random-effect meta-analysis model using standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) determined treatment effects. Moderators (e.g., combined endurance and physical therapy training [CEPTT]) and meta-regressors (e.g., number of sessions) were used for sub-analyses. Methodological quality was assessed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database. RESULTS Twenty-seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met inclusion criteria (1152 participants). ET is effective in decreasing UPDRS-III scores when compared with nonactive and active control conditions (g = - 0.68 and g = - 0.33, respectively). This decrease was greater (within- and between-groups average of - 8.0 and - 6.8 point reduction on UPDRS-III scores, respectively) than the moderate range of clinically important changes to UPDRS-III scores (- 4.5 to - 6.7 points) suggested for PD. Although considerable heterogeneity was observed between RCTs (I2 = 74%), some moderators that increased the effect of ET on motor signs decreased the heterogeneity of the analyses, such as CEPTT (I2 = 21%), intensity based on treadmill speed (I2 = 0%), self-perceived exertion rate (I2 = 33%), and studies composed of individuals with PD and freezing of gait (I2 = 0%). Meta-regression did not produce significant relationships between ET dosage and UPDRS-III scores. CONCLUSIONS ET is effective in decreasing UPDRS-III scores. Questions remain about the dose-response relationship between ET and reduction in motor signs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vagner Santana
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel M Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Laboratory of Adaptations To Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Silva-Batista
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. .,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities of University of São Paulo, St. Arlindo Béttio, 1000, 03828-000, Vila Guaraciaba, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Laboratory of Adaptations To Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Ferreira JP, Duarte-Mendes P, Teixeira AM, Silva FM. Effects of combined training on metabolic profile, lung function, stress and quality of life in sedentary adults: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263455. [PMID: 35113957 PMCID: PMC8812960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Both physical inactivity and sedentary behavior are considered modifiable risk factors for chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. Adult office-workers spend most of their working day in sedentary behaviors, so they are particularly at high risk of developed chronic diseases (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders like diabetes mellitus, …). It seems important to promote behavioral changes that could prevent or delay metabolic disease development. Evidence supports the use of exercise programs, however, to date there are several knowledge gaps and inconsistencies in the literature regarding the effects of Combined Training (i.e., aerobic plus resistance training) in sedentary healthy adults. This paper outlines an RCT designed to evaluate the effects of a 16-week combined training program on biochemical and immune markers of metabolic disease, lung function, salivary stress hormones and subjective quality of life (primary outcomes), as well as on body composition and physical fitness (secondary outcomes) in sedentary middle-aged office-workers. Furthermore, we aimed to assess the associations between the changes promoted by the exercise program and the different variables studied.
Methods and design
This is a single-blinded two-arm RCT with parallel groups. A minimum of healthy 40 office-workers aged 40–64 years will be recruited to engage in a 16-week intervention study. After baseline assessments, participants will be randomized to one of the two groups: (1) combined training group or (2) control group. Baseline assessments will be repeated after 8 weeks of intervention (mid-testing) and upon completion of the intervention (post-testing).
Discussion
This RCT involves a multi-disciplinary approach and seems to be a relevant contribution to understanding the potential role of combined training in improving the metabolic profile, lung function, stress, and quality of life in adults. The results can provide important insights for clinical recommendations and for the optimization of strategies to prevent metabolic disorders in adults with sedentary jobs.
Trial registration
This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT04868240; date of registration April 30, 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro Ferreira
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Duarte-Mendes
- Department of Sports and Well-Being, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
- Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Ana M. Teixeira
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda M. Silva
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2019), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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