1
|
Cowling CL, Homayouni AL, Callwood JB, McReynolds MR, Khor J, Ke H, Draves MA, Dehesh K, Walley JW, Strader LC, Kelley DR. ZmPILS6 is an auxin efflux carrier required for maize root morphogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313216121. [PMID: 38781209 PMCID: PMC11145266 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313216121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant root systems play a pivotal role in plant physiology and exhibit diverse phenotypic traits. Understanding the genetic mechanisms governing root growth and development in model plants like maize is crucial for enhancing crop resilience to drought and nutrient limitations. This study focused on identifying and characterizing ZmPILS6, an annotated auxin efflux carrier, as a key regulator of various crown root traits in maize. ZmPILS6-modified roots displayed reduced network area and suppressed lateral root formation, which are desirable traits for the "steep, cheap, and deep" ideotype. The research revealed that ZmPILS6 localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and plays a vital role in controlling the spatial distribution of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA or "auxin") in primary roots. The study also demonstrated that ZmPILS6 can actively efflux IAA when expressed in yeast. Furthermore, the loss of ZmPILS6 resulted in significant proteome remodeling in maize roots, particularly affecting hormone signaling pathways. To identify potential interacting partners of ZmPILS6, a weighted gene coexpression analysis was performed. Altogether, this research contributes to the growing knowledge of essential genetic determinants governing maize root morphogenesis, which is crucial for guiding agricultural improvement strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig L. Cowling
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | | | - Jodi B. Callwood
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Maxwell R. McReynolds
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Jasper Khor
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Haiyan Ke
- Botany and Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
| | - Melissa A. Draves
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Botany and Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Riverside, CA92521
| | - Justin W. Walley
- Department of Plant Pathology, Entomology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| | | | - Dior R. Kelley
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA50011
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Álvarez-Rodríguez S, Araniti F, Teijeira M, Reigosa MJ, Sánchez-Moreiras AM. Azelaic acid can efficiently compete for the auxin binding site TIR1, altering auxin polar transport, gravitropic response, and root growth and architecture in Arabidopsisthaliana roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 210:108592. [PMID: 38569422 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the phytotoxic potential of azelaic acid (AZA) on Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Effects on root morphology, anatomy, auxin content and transport, gravitropic response and molecular docking were analysed. AZA inhibited root growth, stimulated lateral and adventitious roots, and altered the root apical meristem by reducing meristem cell number, length and width. The treatment also slowed down the roots' gravitropic response, likely due to a reduction in statoliths, starch-rich organelles involved in gravity perception. In addition, auxin content, transport and distribution, together with PIN proteins' expression and localisation were altered after AZA treatment, inducing a reduction in auxin transport and its distribution into the meristematic zone. Computational simulations showed that AZA has a high affinity for the auxin receptor TIR1, competing with auxin for the binding site. The AZA binding with TIR1 could interfere with the normal functioning of the TIR1/AFB complex, disrupting the ubiquitin E3 ligase complex and leading to alterations in the response of the plant, which could perceive AZA as an exogenous auxin. Our results suggest that AZA mode of action could involve the modulation of auxin-related processes in Arabidopsis roots. Understanding such mechanisms could lead to find environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic herbicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Álvarez-Rodríguez
- Universidade de Vigo. Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA). Universidade de Vigo - Campus Auga, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università Statale di Milano, Via Celoria nº2, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Marta Teijeira
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultade de Química, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Galicia Sur, Hospital Álvaro Cunqueiro, 36213, Vigo, Spain
| | - Manuel J Reigosa
- Universidade de Vigo. Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA). Universidade de Vigo - Campus Auga, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| | - Adela M Sánchez-Moreiras
- Universidade de Vigo. Departamento de Bioloxía Vexetal e Ciencias do Solo, Facultade de Bioloxía, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310, Vigo, Spain; Instituto de Agroecoloxía e Alimentación (IAA). Universidade de Vigo - Campus Auga, 32004, Ourense, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wróbel-Kwiatkowska M, Turski W, Silska G, Rakicka-Pustułka M, Dymińska L, Rymowicz W. Determination of Bioactive Compound Kynurenic Acid in Linum usitatissimum L. Molecules 2024; 29:1702. [PMID: 38675522 PMCID: PMC11051930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is a bioactive compound exhibiting multiple actions and positive effects on human health due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. KYNA has been found to have a beneficial effect on wound healing and the prevention of scarring. Despite notable progress in the research focused on KYNA observed during the last 10 years, KYNA's presence in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) has not been proven to date. In the present study, parts of flax plants were analysed for KYNA synthesis. Moreover, eight different cultivars of flax seeds were tested for the presence of KYNA, resulting in a maximum of 0.432 µg/g FW in the seeds of the cultivar Jan. The level of KYNA was also tested in the stems and roots of two selected flax cultivars: an oily cultivar (Linola) and a fibrous cultivar (Nike). The exposure of plants to the KYNA precursors tryptophan and kynurenine resulted in higher levels of KYNA accumulation in flax shoots and roots. Thus, the obtained results indicate that KYNA might be synthesized in flax. The highest amount of KYNA (295.9 µg/g dry weight [DW]) was detected in flax roots derived from plants grown in tissue cultures supplemented with tryptophan. A spectroscopic analysis of KYNA was performed using the FTIR/ATR method. It was found that, in tested samples, the characteristic KYNA vibration bands overlap with the bands corresponding to the vibrations of biopolymers (especially pectin and cellulose) present in flax plants and fibres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wróbel-Kwiatkowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland (W.R.)
| | - Waldemar Turski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8B, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Grażyna Silska
- Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants—National Research Institute, Wojska Polskiego 71B, 60-630 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Rakicka-Pustułka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland (W.R.)
| | - Lucyna Dymińska
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Production Engineering, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Waldemar Rymowicz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 37, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland (W.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tiwari S, Kumar MN, Kumar A, Dalal M. Wheat BREVIS RADIX (BRX) regulates organ size, stomatal density and enhances drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 208:108500. [PMID: 38513518 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
BREVIS RADIX (BRX) is a small plant-specific and evolutionary conserved gene family with divergent yet partially redundant biological functions including root and shoot growth, stomatal development and tiller angle in plants. We characterized a BRX family gene from wheat (Triticum aestivum) by gain-of-function in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of TaBRXL2A resulted in longer primary roots with increased root meristem size and higher root growth under control and exogenous hormone treatments as compared to wild type (Col-0) plants. Overexpression lines also exhibited significant differences with the wild type such as increased rosette size, higher leaf number and leaf size. At reproductive stage, overexpression lines exhibited wider siliques and higher grain weight per plant. Under drought stress, overexpression lines exhibited enhanced drought tolerance in terms of higher chlorophyll retention and lower oxidative stress, thereby leading to significant recovery from drought stress. The analysis suggests that the inherent lower stomatal density in the leaves of overexpression lines and higher stomatal closure in response to ABA might contribute to lower water loss from the overexpression lines. Furthermore, TaBRXL2A protein showed membrane localization, presence of conserved residues at N-terminal for palmitoylation, and phosphosites in the linker region which are prescribed for its potential role in protophloem differentiation and stomatal lineage. Thus, we identified a TaBRX family gene which is involved in developmental pathways essential for plant growth, and also enhances drought tolerance in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Tiwari
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - M Nagaraj Kumar
- Ramalingaswami Fellow, Division of Plant Physiology, ICAR- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Aruna Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - Monika Dalal
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Patani A, Patel M, Islam S, Yadav VK, Prajapati D, Yadav AN, Sahoo DK, Patel A. Recent advances in Bacillus-mediated plant growth enhancement: a paradigm shift in redefining crop resilience. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:77. [PMID: 38253986 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The Bacillus genus has emerged as an important player in modern agriculture, revolutionizing plant growth promotion through recent advances. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the critical role Bacillus species play in boosting plant growth and agricultural sustainability. Bacillus genus bacteria benefit plants in a variety of ways, according to new research. Nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, and the production of growth hormones are examples of these. Bacillus species are also well-known for their ability to act as biocontrol agents, reducing phytopathogens and protecting plants from disease. Molecular biology advances have increased our understanding of the complex interplay between Bacillus species and plants, shedding light on the genetic and metabolic underpinnings of these interactions. Furthermore, novel biotechnology techniques have enabled the development of Bacillus-based biofertilizers and biopesticides, providing sustainable alternatives to conventional chemical inputs. Apart from this, the combination of biochar and Bacillus species in current biotechnology is critical for improving soil fertility and encouraging sustainable agriculture through enhanced nutrient retention and plant growth. This review also emphasizes the Bacillus genus bacteria's ability to alleviate environmental abiotic stresses such as drought and salinity, hence contributing to climate-resilient agriculture. Moreover, the authors discuss the challenges and prospects associated with the practical application of Bacillus-based solutions in the field. Finally, recent advances in Bacillus-mediated plant growth promotion highlight their critical significance in sustainable agriculture. Understanding these improvements is critical for realizing the full potential of Bacillus genus microorganisms to address current global food production concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anil Patani
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Margi Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, 384265, India
| | - Shaikhul Islam
- Plant Pathology Division, Wheat and Maize Research Institute, Nashipur, Dinajpur, 5200, Bangladesh
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, 384265, India
| | - Dharmendra Prajapati
- Department of Biotechnology, Smt. S. S. Patel Nootan Science and Commerce College, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Ajar Nath Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. KSG Akal College of Agriculture, Eternal University, Baru Sahib, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, 173101, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Life Sciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, 384265, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang S, Qiu L, Zheng Y, Wang W, Zhao H, Yang D. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the regulatory effects of exogenous auxin on lateral root development and tanshinone accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza. PLANTA 2023; 258:33. [PMID: 37378716 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The physiological and transcriptome analysis revealed that auxin was a positive regulator of lateral root development and tanshinone accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Roots of S. miltiorrhiza are widely used as medicinal materials in China, and the root morphology and content of bioactive compounds [such as phenolic acids and diterpenoid quinones (tanshinones)] are the main factors to determine the quality of this herb. Auxin regulates root development and secondary metabolism in many plant species, but little is known about its function in S. miltiorrhiza. In this study, S. miltiorrhiza seedlings were treated (exogenous application) with the auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and the polar auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA) to investigate the regulatory roles of auxin in S. miltiorrhiza. The results indicated that exogenous IAA promoted both lateral root development and tanshinones biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza. The NPA application suppressed the lateral root development but showed no obvious effects on tanshinones accumulation. Based on the RNA-seq analysis, expressions of genes related to auxin biosynthesis and signaling transduction were altered in both treated groups. Coincidental with the enhanced content of tanshinones, transcripts of several key enzyme genes in the tanshinones biosynthetic pathway were stimulated after the exogenous IAA application. The expression profiles of seven common transcription factor domain-containing gene families were analyzed, and the results implied that some AP2/ERF genes were probably responsible for the auxin-induced lateral root development in S. miltiorrhiza. These findings shed new light on the regulatory roles of auxin on root development and bioactive compounds biosynthesis in S. miltiorrhiza, and lay the groundwork for future research into the detailed molecular mechanism underlying these biological functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuncang Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Qiu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Zheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongguang Zhao
- Shaanxi Origin Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Tongchuan, 727000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao P, Zhang J, Chen S, Zhang Z, Wan G, Mao J, Wang Z, Tan S, Xiang C. ERF1 inhibits lateral root emergence by promoting local auxin accumulation and repressing ARF7 expression. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112565. [PMID: 37224012 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Lateral roots (LRs) are crucial for plants to sense environmental signals in addition to water and nutrient absorption. Auxin is key for LR formation, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we report that Arabidopsis ERF1 inhibits LR emergence by promoting local auxin accumulation with altered distribution and regulating auxin signaling. Loss of ERF1 increases LR density compared with the wild type, whereas ERF1 overexpression causes the opposite phenotype. ERF1 enhances auxin transport by upregulating PIN1 and AUX1, resulting in excessive auxin accumulation in the endodermal, cortical, and epidermal cells surrounding LR primordia. Furthermore, ERF1 represses ARF7 transcription, thereby downregulating the expression of cell-wall remodeling genes that facilitate LR emergence. Together, our study reveals that ERF1 integrates environmental signals to promote local auxin accumulation with altered distribution and repress ARF7, consequently inhibiting LR emergence in adaptation to fluctuating environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pingxia Zhao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Siyan Chen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Zisheng Zhang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Guangyu Wan
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Jieli Mao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China
| | - Shutang Tan
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Chengbin Xiang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Division of Molecular & Cell Biophysics, Hefei National Science Center for Interdisciplinary Sciences at the Microscale, MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, University of Science and Technology of China, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sehar S, Adil MF, Askri SMH, Feng Q, Wei D, Sahito FS, Shamsi IH. Pan-transcriptomic Profiling Demarcates Serendipita Indica-Phosphorus Mediated Tolerance Mechanisms in Rice Exposed to Arsenic Toxicity. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 37354226 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-023-00645-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Inadvertent accumulation of arsenic (As) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a concern for people depending on it for their subsistence, as it verily causes epigenetic alterations across the genome as well as in specific cells. To ensure food safety, certain attempts have been made to nullify this highest health hazard encompassing physiological, chemical and biological methods. Albeit, the use of mycorrhizal association along with nutrient reinforcement strategy has not been explored yet. Mechanisms of response and resistance of two rice genotypes to As with or without phosphorus (P) nutrition and Serendipita indica (S. indica; S.i) colonization were explored by root transcriptome profiling in the present study. Results revealed that the resistant genotype had higher auxin content and root plasticity, which helped in keeping the As accumulation and P starvation response to a minimum under alone As stress. However, sufficient P supply and symbiotic relationship switched the energy resources towards plant's developmental aspects rather than excessive root proliferation. Higher As accumulating genotype (GD-6) displayed upregulation of ethylene signaling/biosynthesis, root stunting and senescence related genes under As toxicity. Antioxidant defense system and cytokinin biosynthesis/signaling of both genotypes were strengthened under As + S.i + P, while the upregulation of potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) transporters depicted underlying cross-talk with iron (Fe) and P. Differential expression of phosphate transporters, peroxidases and GSTs, metal detoxification/transport proteins, as well as phytohormonal metabolism were responsible for As detoxification. Taken together, S. indica symbiosis fortified with adequate P-fertilizer can prove to be effective in minimizing As acquisition and accumulation in rice plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shafaque Sehar
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Faheem Adil
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Syed Muhammad Hassan Askri
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qidong Feng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dongming Wei
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Falak Sehar Sahito
- Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, 74200, Pakistan
| | - Imran Haider Shamsi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resource, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pantoja-Guerra M, Burkett-Cadena M, Cadena J, Dunlap CA, Ramírez CA. Lysinibacillus spp.: an IAA-producing endospore forming-bacteria that promotes plant growth. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2023:10.1007/s10482-023-01828-x. [PMID: 37138159 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-023-01828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lysinibacillus is a bacterial genus that has generated recent interest for its biotechnological potential in agriculture. Strains belonging to this group are recognized for their mosquitocidal and bioremediation activity. However, in recent years some reports indicate its importance as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This research sought to provide evidence of the PGP activity of Lysinibacillus spp. and the role of the indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production associated with this activity. Twelve Lysinibacillus spp. strains were evaluated under greenhouse conditions, six of which increased the biomass and root architecture of corn plants. In most cases, growth stimulation was evident at 108 CFU/mL inoculum concentration. All strains produced IAA with high variation between them (20-70 µg/mL). The bioinformatic identification of predicted genes associated with IAA production allowed the detection of the indole pyruvic acid pathway to synthesize IAA in all strains; additionally, genes for a tryptamine pathway were detected in two strains. Extracellular filtrates from all strain's cultures increased the corn coleoptile length in an IAA-similar concentration pattern, which demonstrates the filtrates had an auxin-like effect on plant tissue. Five of the six strains that previously showed PGPR activity in corn also promoted the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana (col 0). These strains induced changes in root architecture of Arabidopsis mutant plants (aux1-7/axr4-2), the partial reversion of mutant phenotype indicated the role of IAA on plant growth. This work provided solid evidence of the association of Lysinibacillus spp. IAA production with their PGP activity, which constitutes a new approach for this genus. These elements contribute to the biotechnological exploration of this bacterial genus for agricultural biotechnology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Pantoja-Guerra
- Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Medellín, Colombia.
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Unilasallista Corporación Universitaria, Caldas - Antioquia, Colombia.
| | | | | | - Christopher A Dunlap
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, 1815 N University, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Camilo A Ramírez
- Universidad de Antioquia, Instituto de Biología, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Q, Liu N, Wu C. Novel insights into maize (Zea mays) development and organogenesis for agricultural optimization. PLANTA 2023; 257:94. [PMID: 37031436 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In maize, intrinsic hormone activities and sap fluxes facilitate organogenesis patterning and plant holistic development; these hormone movements should be a primary focus of developmental biology and agricultural optimization strategies. Maize (Zea mays) is an important crop plant with distinctive life history characteristics and structural features. Genetic studies have extended our knowledge of maize developmental processes, genetics, and molecular ecophysiology. In this review, the classical life cycle and life history strategies of maize are analyzed to identify spatiotemporal organogenesis properties and develop a definitive understanding of maize development. The actions of genes and hormones involved in maize organogenesis and sex determination, along with potential molecular mechanisms, are investigated, with findings suggesting central roles of auxin and cytokinins in regulating maize holistic development. Furthermore, investigation of morphological and structural characteristics of maize, particularly node ubiquity and the alternate attachment pattern of lateral organs, yields a novel regulatory model suggesting that maize organ initiation and subsequent development are derived from the stimulation and interaction of auxin and cytokinin fluxes. Propositions that hormone activities and sap flow pathways control organogenesis are thoroughly explored, and initiation and development processes of distinctive maize organs are discussed. Analysis of physiological factors driving hormone and sap movement implicates cues of whole-plant activity for hormone and sap fluxes to stimulate maize inflorescence initiation and organ identity determination. The physiological origins and biogenetic mechanisms underlying maize floral sex determination occurring at the tassel and ear spikelet are thoroughly investigated. The comprehensive outline of maize development and morphogenetic physiology developed in this review will enable farmers to optimize field management and will provide a reference for de novo crop domestication and germplasm improvement using genome editing biotechnologies, promoting agricultural optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Li
- Crop Genesis and Novel Agronomy Center, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Shandong ZhongnongTiantai Seed Co., Ltd, Pingyi, 273300, Shandong, China
| | - Chenglai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
- College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Imsande KG, Batzli JM. Additional green light induces shade response symptoms in Brassica rapa as evidenced by increased lateral root spread. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2022; 2022:10.17912/micropub.biology.000723. [PMID: 36618026 PMCID: PMC9813772 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In some plant species, green light (500 to 570 nm) has been shown to act as a shade signal, which stimulates non-photosynthetic photoreceptors to initiate a response that promotes shading symptoms, including lateral root formation. No studies to date have examined whether green light induces shading symptoms in Brassica rapa specifically. Here, we report increased hypocotyl length, root width, and increased width:depth ratio of root architecture in plants grown under additional green light compared to red and blue light, and white light alone. Results indicate that green light acts as a shade signal in B. rapa to induce shading symptoms, including wider roots.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaylynn G Imsande
- Department of Biology Core Curriculum (Biocore), University of Wisconsin – Madison, WI, USA
,
Correspondence to: Kaylynn G Imsande (
)
| | - Janet M Batzli
- Department of Biology Core Curriculum (Biocore), University of Wisconsin – Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Verma L, Bhadouria J, Bhunia RK, Singh S, Panchal P, Bhatia C, Eastmond PJ, Giri J. Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol synthase 3 affects phosphate utilization and acquisition in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5033-5051. [PMID: 35526193 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Galactolipids are essential to compensate for the loss of phospholipids by 'membrane lipid remodelling' in plants under phosphorus (P) deficiency conditions. Monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) synthases catalyse the synthesis of MGDG which is further converted into digalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG), later replacing phospholipids in the extraplastidial membranes. However, the roles of these enzymes are not well explored in rice. In this study, the rice MGDG synthase 3 gene (OsMGD3) was identified and functionally characterized. We showed that the plant phosphate (Pi) status and the transcription factor PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE 2 (OsPHR2) are involved in the transcriptional regulation of OsMGD3. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and overexpression lines of OsMGD3 were generated to explore its potential role in rice adaptation to Pi deficiency. Compared with the wild type, OsMGD3 knockout lines displayed a reduced Pi acquisition and utilization while overexpression lines showed an enhancement of the same. Further, OsMGD3 showed a predominant role in roots, altering lateral root growth. Our comprehensive lipidomic analysis revealed a role of OsMGD3 in membrane lipid remodelling, in addition to a role in regulating diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid contents that affected the expression of Pi transporters. Our study highlights the role of OsMGD3 in affecting both internal P utilization and P acquisition in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Verma
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyoti Bhadouria
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Rupam Kumar Bhunia
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, India
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Shweta Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Poonam Panchal
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Chitra Bhatia
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| | - Peter J Eastmond
- Plant Science Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Jitender Giri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Srivastava R, Kobayashi Y, Koyama H, Sahoo L. Overexpression of cowpea NAC transcription factors promoted growth and stress tolerance by boosting photosynthetic activity in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111251. [PMID: 35487661 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
ATAF-like NAC transcription factors are bonafide regulators of stress-signaling. However, their overexpression often exerts growth-retardation by activating ABA-hypersensitivity, chloroplast-degradation, or carbon-starvation. To improve tolerance to multiple stress complying with growth sustainability, we examined two ATAF orthologs, VuNAC1 and VuNAC2, isolated from a drought-hardy cowpea genotype, for a harmonized regulation of stress and growth signaling. The genes were induced by dehydration, NaCl, polyethylene glycol, heat, cold, ABA, and light. Analysis of the promoter-elements and regulatory network corroborated the integration of circadian, hormonal, stress, developmental, and nutrition signals, being VuNAC1/2 the central transcriptional-switch interfacing growth and stress responses. The constitutive gene overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in an improved embryonic, rosette, and inflorescence growth, under optimum as well as limiting nutrition, in association with increased photosynthetic activity and stomatal-density. The transgenic seedlings manifested tolerance to dehydration, salinity, aluminum, cadmium, and H2O2 toxicity, in addition to ABA-mediated seed dormancy and hypersensitivity. The soil-grown plants survived severe drought and hypersalinity by maintaining the water-status and membrane integrity through the accumulation of stress protectants, such as proline, glutathione, and ascorbate. Unlike their orthologs from other species, VuNAC1/2 conferred tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses in line with improved growth attributes via regulation of photosynthetic controls and nutritional balance, suggesting growth being a crucial component of stress-tolerance and recovery. Such unique stress-responsive transcription factors, which also confer photosynthetic gain, could be sustainable biotechnological tools for developing stress-tolerant crops and translating the improved growth into yield without unintended trade-offs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richa Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Yuriko Kobayashi
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koyama
- Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Lingaraj Sahoo
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Effects of Humic Substances on the Growth of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 2,4-D and Wheat Plants Inoculated with This Strain. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10051066. [PMID: 35630508 PMCID: PMC9145783 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Both rhizosphere bacteria and humic substances (HSs) can promote plant growth when applied individually and even greater effects of their combination have been demonstrated. We aimed to elucidate the relative importance of the stimulating effects of HSs on bacterial growth and the effects of the combination of bacteria and HSs on plants themselves. The effects of humic (HA) and fulvic acids (FA) (components of humic substances) on the growth of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida 2,4-D in vitro were studied. We also studied the effects of this bacterial strain and HSs applied individually or in combination on the growth of wheat plants. Although the 2,4-D strain showed low ability to use HSs as the sole source of nutrition, the bacterial growth rate was increased by FA and HA, when other nutrients were available. HSs increased root colonization with bacteria, the effect being greater in the case of HA. The effects on roots and shoots increased when bacteria were associated with HSs. FA+ 2,4-D was more effective in stimulating shoot growth, while HA + 2,4-D was in the case of root growth. The latter effect is likely to be beneficial under edaphic stresses.
Collapse
|
15
|
Lv Y, Li Y, Liu X, Xu K. A positive response of ginger root zone and rhizome development to suitable sowing depth. PROTOPLASMA 2022; 259:327-342. [PMID: 34075471 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sowing depth significantly affects ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) yields, and sowing depth can affect rhizosphere community structure through root exudates. However, the relationship between the reaction process in root zone and ginger rhizome development is unclear. In this study, we investigated the rhizome and root development and rhizosphere environment at different sowing depths (2 cm (SD2), 5 cm (SD5), and 10 cm (SD10)). It was found that SD10 significantly increased ginger yield, which is related to the development of vascular bundles and the expression of aquaporin. PLS-PM analysis found that root length, root absorption capacity, and soil enzymes have the strongest correlation with yield, while root diameter is negatively correlated with yield. Under SD10, the increase of auxin and ethylene content together with the expression of ARF7, LBD16, and PIN1 promoted the development of lateral roots. In addition, SD10 increased the secretion of root organic acids, amino acids, and carbohydrates, which in turn promoted the development of rhizosphere bacteria. The promotion of SD10 on nitrogen cycle and nitrogen fixation ability in turn promoted the development of ginger.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lv
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, 271018, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, 271018, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Tai'an, 271018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tai'an, 271018, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai'an, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cackett L, Cannistraci CV, Meier S, Ferrandi P, Pěnčík A, Gehring C, Novák O, Ingle RA, Donaldson L. Salt-Specific Gene Expression Reveals Elevated Auxin Levels in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants Grown Under Saline Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:804716. [PMID: 35222469 PMCID: PMC8866861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.804716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is increasing globally, driving a reduction in crop yields that threatens food security. Salinity stress reduces plant growth by exerting two stresses on plants: rapid shoot ion-independent effects which are largely osmotic and delayed ionic effects that are specific to salinity stress. In this study we set out to delineate the osmotic from the ionic effects of salinity stress. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were germinated and grown for two weeks in media supplemented with 50, 75, 100, or 125 mM NaCl (that imposes both an ionic and osmotic stress) or iso-osmolar concentrations (100, 150, 200, or 250 mM) of sorbitol, that imposes only an osmotic stress. A subsequent transcriptional analysis was performed to identify sets of genes that are differentially expressed in plants grown in (1) NaCl or (2) sorbitol compared to controls. A comparison of the gene sets identified genes that are differentially expressed under both challenge conditions (osmotic genes) and genes that are only differentially expressed in plants grown on NaCl (ionic genes, hereafter referred to as salt-specific genes). A pathway analysis of the osmotic and salt-specific gene lists revealed that distinct biological processes are modulated during growth under the two conditions. The list of salt-specific genes was enriched in the gene ontology (GO) term "response to auxin." Quantification of the predominant auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and IAA biosynthetic intermediates revealed that IAA levels are elevated in a salt-specific manner through increased IAA biosynthesis. Furthermore, the expression of NITRILASE 2 (NIT2), which hydrolyses indole-3-acetonitile (IAN) into IAA, increased in a salt-specific manner. Overexpression of NIT2 resulted in increased IAA levels, improved Na:K ratios and enhanced survival and growth of Arabidopsis under saline conditions. Overall, our data suggest that auxin is involved in maintaining growth during the ionic stress imposed by saline conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Cackett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Carlo Vittorio Cannistraci
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence, Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence, Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart Meier
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Paul Ferrandi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Robert A. Ingle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Lara Donaldson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rivas MÁ, Friero I, Alarcón MV, Salguero J. Auxin-Cytokinin Balance Shapes Maize Root Architecture by Controlling Primary Root Elongation and Lateral Root Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836592. [PMID: 35548278 PMCID: PMC9081935 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The root system is responsible for water and nutrients uptake from the soil, and therefore, its extension is basic for an efficient acquisition. The maize root system is formed by different types of roots, and the lateral root branching substantially increases the surface for nutrient uptake. Therefore, the regulation of lateral root formation is fundamental in the development of root functions. Root architecture is basically controlled by auxin and cytokinins, which antagonize in the formation of lateral roots (LR) along the primary root axis, with auxin, a stimulator, and cytokinins inhibitors of LR development. This interaction has been analyzed in several zones along the primary root where LRs in different developmental stages were located. The root has been divided into several zones, such as meristem, elongation zone, and mature zone, according to the developmental processes occurring in each one. As Arabidopsis root elongated more slowly than maize root, these zones are shorter, and its delimitation is more difficult. However, these zones have previously been delimitated clearly in maize, and therefore, they analyze the effect of exogenous hormones in several LR developmental stages. The inhibitory effect of cytokinin on lateral root formation was observed in already elongated primary root zones in which initial events to form new lateral roots are taking place. Contrarily, auxin increased LR formation in the primary root segments elongated in the presence of the hormone. The inhibitory effect of cytokinin was reversed by auxin in a concentration-dependent manner when both hormones were combined. However, auxin is unable to recover LR development in primary root zones that have been previously elongated only in the presence of cytokinin. This antagonistic auxin-cytokinin effect on LR development depended on the balance between both hormones, which controls the root system architecture and determines the formation of LR during the process of initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ángeles Rivas
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Ecología y Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Iván Friero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Ecología y Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Alarcón
- Departamento de Hortofruticultura, Instituto de Investigaciones Agrarias “La Orden-Valdesequera”, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Junta de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Julio Salguero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Ecología y Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- *Correspondence: Julio Salguero,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dufil G, Bernacka-Wojcik I, Armada-Moreira A, Stavrinidou E. Plant Bioelectronics and Biohybrids: The Growing Contribution of Organic Electronic and Carbon-Based Materials. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4847-4883. [PMID: 34928592 PMCID: PMC8874897 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Life in our planet is highly dependent on plants as they are the primary source of food, regulators of the atmosphere, and providers of a variety of materials. In this work, we review the progress on bioelectronic devices for plants and biohybrid systems based on plants, therefore discussing advancements that view plants either from a biological or a technological perspective, respectively. We give an overview on wearable and implantable bioelectronic devices for monitoring and modulating plant physiology that can be used as tools in basic plant science or find application in agriculture. Furthermore, we discuss plant-wearable devices for monitoring a plant's microenvironment that will enable optimization of growth conditions. The review then covers plant biohybrid systems where plants are an integral part of devices or are converted to devices upon functionalization with smart materials, including self-organized electronics, plant nanobionics, and energy applications. The review focuses on advancements based on organic electronic and carbon-based materials and discusses opportunities, challenges, as well as future steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gwennaël Dufil
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Iwona Bernacka-Wojcik
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Adam Armada-Moreira
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Eleni Stavrinidou
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden.,Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden.,Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Campus Umeå, SE-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sriskanda D, Liew YX, Khor SP, Merican F, Subramaniam S, Chew BL. An efficient micropropagation protocol for Ficus carica cv. Golden Orphan suitable for mass propagation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
20
|
Sharma S, Pinson SRM, Gealy DR, Edwards JD. Genomic prediction and QTL mapping of root system architecture and above-ground agronomic traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) with a multitrait index and Bayesian networks. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab178. [PMID: 34568907 PMCID: PMC8496310 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) is a crucial factor in resource acquisition and plant productivity. Roots are difficult to phenotype in the field, thus new tools for predicting phenotype from genotype are particularly valuable for plant breeders aiming to improve RSA. This study identifies quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for RSA and agronomic traits in a rice (Oryza sativa) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from parents with contrasting RSA traits (PI312777 × Katy). The lines were phenotyped for agronomic traits in the field, and separately grown as seedlings on agar plates which were imaged to extract RSA trait measurements. QTLs were discovered from conventional linkage analysis and from a machine learning approach using a Bayesian network (BN) consisting of genome-wide SNP data and phenotypic data. The genomic prediction abilities (GPAs) of multi-QTL models and the BN analysis were compared with the several standard genomic prediction (GP) methods. We found GPAs were improved using multitrait (BN) compared to single trait GP in traits with low to moderate heritability. Two groups of individuals were selected based on GPs and a modified rank sum index (GSRI) indicating their divergence across multiple RSA traits. Selections made on GPs did result in differences between the group means for numerous RSA. The ranking accuracy across RSA traits among the individual selected RILs ranged from 0.14 for root volume to 0.59 for lateral root tips. We conclude that the multitrait GP model using BN can in some cases improve the GPA of RSA and agronomic traits, and the GSRI approach is useful to simultaneously select for a desired set of RSA traits in a segregating population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Sharma
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA
| | - Shannon R M Pinson
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA
| | - David R Gealy
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA
| | - Jeremy D Edwards
- Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ravazzolo L, Boutet-Mercey S, Perreau F, Forestan C, Varotto S, Ruperti B, Quaggiotti S. Strigolactones and Auxin Cooperate to Regulate Maize Root Development and Response to Nitrate. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 62:610-623. [PMID: 33508105 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In maize, nitrate regulates root development thanks to the coordinated action of many players. In this study, the involvement of strigolactones (SLs) and auxin as putative components of the nitrate regulation of lateral root (LR) was investigated. To this aim, the endogenous SL content of maize root in response to nitrate was assessed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and measurements of LR density in the presence of analogues or inhibitors of auxin and SLs were performed. Furthermore, an untargeted RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq)-based approach was used to better characterize the participation of auxin and SLs to the transcriptional signature of maize root response to nitrate. Our results suggested that N deprivation induces zealactone and carlactonoic acid biosynthesis in root, to a higher extent if compared to P-deprived roots. Moreover, data on LR density led to hypothesize that the induction of LR development early occurring upon nitrate supply involves the inhibition of SL biosynthesis, but that the downstream target of SL shutdown, besides auxin, also includes additional unknown players. Furthermore, RNA-seq results provided a set of putative markers for the auxin- or SL-dependent action of nitrate, meanwhile also allowing to identify novel components of the molecular regulation of maize root response to nitrate. Globally, the existence of at least four different pathways was hypothesized: one dependent on auxin, a second one mediated by SLs, a third deriving from the SL-auxin interplay, and a last one attributable to nitrate itself through further downstream signals. Further work will be necessary to better assess the reliability of the model proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ravazzolo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Boutet-Mercey
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France
| | - François Perreau
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Versailles 78000, France
| | - Cristian Forestan
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, Bologna 40127, Italy
| | - Serena Varotto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Benedetto Ruperti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| | - Silvia Quaggiotti
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Piacentini D, Della Rovere F, Bertoldi I, Massimi L, Sofo A, Altamura MM, Falasca G. Peroxisomal PEX7 Receptor Affects Cadmium-Induced ROS and Auxin Homeostasis in Arabidopsis Root System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091494. [PMID: 34573126 PMCID: PMC8471170 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisomes are important in plant physiological functions and stress responses. Through the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), and antioxidant defense enzymes, peroxisomes control cellular redox homeostasis. Peroxin (PEX) proteins, such as PEX7 and PEX5, recognize peroxisome targeting signals (PTS1/PTS2) important for transporting proteins from cytosol to peroxisomal matrix. pex7-1 mutant displays reduced PTS2 protein import and altered peroxisomal metabolism. In this research we analyzed the role of PEX7 in the Arabidopsis thaliana root system exposed to 30 or 60 μM CdSO4. Cd uptake and translocation, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) levels, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels and catalase activity were analyzed in pex7-1 mutant primary and lateral roots in comparison with the wild type (wt). The peroxisomal defect due to PEX7 mutation did not reduce Cd-uptake but reduced its translocation to the shoot and the root cell peroxisomal signal detected by 8-(4-Nitrophenyl) Bodipy (N-BODIPY) probe. The trend of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite in pex7-1 roots, exposed/not exposed to Cd, was as in wt, with the higher Cd-concentration inducing higher levels of these RNS. By contrast, PEX7 mutation caused changes in Cd-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2●-) levels in the roots, delaying ROS-scavenging. Results show that PEX7 is involved in counteracting Cd toxicity in Arabidopsis root system by controlling ROS metabolism and affecting auxin levels. These results add further information to the important role of peroxisomes in plant responses to Cd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Piacentini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.D.R.); (I.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Federica Della Rovere
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.D.R.); (I.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Ilaria Bertoldi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.D.R.); (I.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Lorenzo Massimi
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.D.R.); (I.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Adriano Sofo
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, Via San Rocco 3, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Maria Maddalena Altamura
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.D.R.); (I.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Giuseppina Falasca
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (F.D.R.); (I.B.); (L.M.); (M.M.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)6-4992-2839
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cork Oak Forests Soil Bacteria: Potential for Sustainable Agroforest Production. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091973. [PMID: 34576868 PMCID: PMC8472395 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are in increasing demand due to their role in promoting sustainable practices, not only in agriculture but also in forestry. Keeping in mind the future application of PGPR for increasing cork oak sustainability, the aim of this study was to find cork oak PGPR isolates with increased nutrient solubilisation traits, able to promote root morphological changes and/or antagonize cork oak bark phytopathogens. Soils from three cork oak forests with distinct bioclimates (humid, semi-humid and semi-arid) were used for isolating bacteria. From the 7634 colony-forming units, 323 bacterial isolates were biochemically assayed for PGPR traits (siderophores production, phosphate solubilizing and organic acids production), and 51 were found to display all these traits. These PGPR were able to induce root morphological changes on Arabidopsis thaliana, like suppression of primary root growth, increase of lateral roots or root hairs formation. However, the most proficient PGPR displayed specific ability in changing a single root morphological trait. This ability was related not only to bacterial genotype, but also with the environment where bacteria thrived and isolation temperature. Bacteria from semi-arid environments (mainly Bacillus megaterium isolates) could hold a promising tool to enhance plant development. Other isolates (Serratia quinivorens or B. cereus) could be further explored for biocontrol purposes.
Collapse
|
24
|
Bargaz A, Elhaissoufi W, Khourchi S, Benmrid B, Borden KA, Rchiad Z. Benefits of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on belowground crop performance for improved crop acquisition of phosphorus. Microbiol Res 2021; 252:126842. [PMID: 34438221 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although research on plant growth promoting bacteria began in the 1950s, basic and applied research on bacteria improving use of phosphorus (P) continues to be a priority among many agricultural research institutions. Ultimately, identifying agriculturally beneficial microbes, notably P solubilizing bacteria (PSB), that enhance the efficient use of P supports more sustainable cropping systems and the judicious use of mineral nutrients. In parallel, there is more attention on improving crop root P acquisition of existing soil P pools as well as by increasing the proportion of fertilizer P that is taken up by crops. Today, new lines of research are emerging to investigate the co-optimization of PSB-fertilizer-crop root processes for improved P efficiency and agricultural performance. In this review, we compile and summarize available findings on the beneficial effects of PSB on crop production with a focus on crop P acquisition via root system responses at the structural, functional and transcriptional levels. We discuss the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms of PSB-mediated P availability, both soil- and root-associated, as well as crop uptake via P solubilization, mineralization and mobilization, mainly through the production of organic acids and P-hydrolyzing enzymes, and effects on phytohormone signaling for crop root developement. The systematic changes caused by PSB on crop roots are discussed and contextualized within promising functional trait-based frameworks. We also detail agronomic profitability of P (mineral and organic) and PSB co-application, in amended soils and inoculated crops, establishing the connection between the influence of PSB on agroecosystem production and the impact of P fertilization on microbial diversity and crop functional traits for P acquisition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnane Bargaz
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Agrobiosciences Program, Plant & Soil Microbiome Subprogram, Bengurir, 43150, Morocco.
| | - Wissal Elhaissoufi
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Agrobiosciences Program, Plant & Soil Microbiome Subprogram, Bengurir, 43150, Morocco; Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Biology Dep., Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Said Khourchi
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Agrobiosciences Program, Plant & Soil Microbiome Subprogram, Bengurir, 43150, Morocco; University of Liège, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bouchra Benmrid
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Agrobiosciences Program, Plant & Soil Microbiome Subprogram, Bengurir, 43150, Morocco
| | - Kira A Borden
- University of British Columbia, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Zineb Rchiad
- Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Agrobiosciences Program, Plant & Soil Microbiome Subprogram, Bengurir, 43150, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Santos Wagner AL, Araniti F, Bruno L, Ishii-Iwamoto EL, Abenavoli MR. The Steroid Saponin Protodioscin Modulates Arabidopsis thaliana Root Morphology Altering Auxin Homeostasis, Transport and Distribution. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10081600. [PMID: 34451648 PMCID: PMC8399103 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To date, synthetic herbicides are the main tools used for weed control, with consequent damage to both the environment and human health. In this respect, searching for new natural molecules and understanding their mode of action could represent an alternative strategy or support to traditional management methods for sustainable agriculture. Protodioscin is a natural molecule belonging to the class of steroid saponins, mainly produced by monocotyledons. In the present paper, protodioscin's phytotoxic potential was assessed to identify its target and the potential mode of action in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The results highlighted that the root system was the main target of protodioscin, which caused a high inhibitory effect on the primary root length (ED50 50 μM) with morphological alteration, accompanied by a significant increase in the lateral root number and root hair density. Through a pharmacological and microscopic approach, it was underlined that this saponin modified both auxin distribution and transport, causing an auxin accumulation in the region of root maturation and an alteration of proteins responsible for the auxin efflux (PIN2). In conclusion, the saponin protodioscin can modulate the root system of A. thaliana by interfering with the auxin transport (PAT).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Santos Wagner
- Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020900, Brazil;
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, Via Celoria, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Soil Science, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;
| | - Emy Luiza Ishii-Iwamoto
- Laboratory of Biological Oxidations, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringa, Maringa 87020900, Brazil;
| | - Maria Rosa Abenavoli
- Department of Agriculture, University of Reggio di Calabria, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
van den Berg T, Yalamanchili K, de Gernier H, Santos Teixeira J, Beeckman T, Scheres B, Willemsen V, Ten Tusscher K. A reflux-and-growth mechanism explains oscillatory patterning of lateral root branching sites. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2176-2191.e10. [PMID: 34343477 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Modular, repetitive structures are a key component of complex multicellular body plans across the tree of life. Typically, these structures are prepatterned by temporal oscillations in gene expression or signaling. Although a clock-and-wavefront mechanism was identified and plant leaf phyllotaxis arises from a Turing-type patterning for vertebrate somitogenesis and arthropod segmentation, the mechanism underlying lateral root patterning has remained elusive. To resolve this enigma, we combined computational modeling with in planta experiments. Intriguingly, auxin oscillations automatically emerge in our model from the interplay between a reflux-loop-generated auxin loading zone and stem-cell-driven growth dynamics generating periodic cell-size variations. In contrast to the clock-and-wavefront mechanism and Turing patterning, the uncovered mechanism predicts both frequency and spacing of lateral-root-forming sites to positively correlate with root meristem growth. We validate this prediction experimentally. Combined, our model and experimental results support that a reflux-and-growth patterning mechanism underlies lateral root priming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thea van den Berg
- Computational Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kavya Yalamanchili
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hugues de Gernier
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joana Santos Teixeira
- Computational Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Beeckman
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ben Scheres
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands; Rijk Zwaan Breeding B.V., Department of Biotechnology, Eerste Kruisweg 9, 4793 RS Fijnaart, the Netherlands
| | - Viola Willemsen
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Ten Tusscher
- Computational Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Saini S, Kaur N, Marothia D, Singh B, Singh V, Gantet P, Pati PK. Morphological Analysis, Protein Profiling and Expression Analysis of Auxin Homeostasis Genes of Roots of Two Contrasting Cultivars of Rice Provide Inputs on Mechanisms Involved in Rice Adaptation towards Salinity Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081544. [PMID: 34451587 PMCID: PMC8399380 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plants remodel their root architecture in response to a salinity stress stimulus. This process is regulated by an array of factors including phytohormones, particularly auxin. In the present study, in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in salinity stress adaptation in rice, we compared two contrasting rice cultivars—Luna Suvarna, a salt tolerant, and IR64, a salt sensitive cultivar. Phenotypic investigations suggested that Luna Suvarna in comparison with IR64 presented stress adaptive root traits which correlated with a higher accumulation of auxin in its roots. The expression level investigation of auxin signaling pathway genes revealed an increase in several auxin homeostasis genes transcript levels in Luna Suvarna compared with IR64 under salinity stress. Furthermore, protein profiling showed 18 proteins that were differentially regulated between the roots of two cultivars, and some of them were salinity stress responsive proteins found exclusively in the proteome of Luna Suvarna roots, revealing the critical role of these proteins in imparting salinity stress tolerance. This included proteins related to the salt overly sensitive pathway, root growth, the reactive oxygen species scavenging system, and abscisic acid activation. Taken together, our results highlight that Luna Suvarna involves a combination of morphological and molecular traits of the root system that could prime the plant to better tolerate salinity stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Deeksha Marothia
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Baldev Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Pascal Gantet
- Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, Centre de Recherche de l’IRD, Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, CEDEX 5, 34394 Montpellier, France
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (P.K.P.)
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (P.K.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bruno L, Talarico E, Cabeiras-Freijanes L, Madeo ML, Muto A, Minervino M, Lucini L, Miras-Moreno B, Sofo A, Araniti F. Coumarin Interferes with Polar Auxin Transport Altering Microtubule Cortical Array Organization in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Root Apical Meristem. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147305. [PMID: 34298924 PMCID: PMC8306912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Coumarin is a phytotoxic natural compound able to affect plant growth and development. Previous studies have demonstrated that this molecule at low concentrations (100 µM) can reduce primary root growth and stimulate lateral root formation, suggesting an auxin-like activity. In the present study, we evaluated coumarin’s effects (used at lateral root-stimulating concentrations) on the root apical meristem and polar auxin transport to identify its potential mode of action through a confocal microscopy approach. To achieve this goal, we used several Arabidopsis thaliana GFP transgenic lines (for polar auxin transport evaluation), immunolabeling techniques (for imaging cortical microtubules), and GC-MS analysis (for auxin quantification). The results highlighted that coumarin induced cyclin B accumulation, which altered the microtubule cortical array organization and, consequently, the root apical meristem architecture. Such alterations reduced the basipetal transport of auxin to the apical root apical meristem, inducing its accumulation in the maturation zone and stimulating lateral root formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bruno
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienza della Terra, Università della Calabria (DiBEST-UNICAL), 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (E.T.); (M.L.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (F.A.)
| | - Emanuela Talarico
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienza della Terra, Università della Calabria (DiBEST-UNICAL), 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (E.T.); (M.L.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Luz Cabeiras-Freijanes
- Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, University of Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Maria Letizia Madeo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienza della Terra, Università della Calabria (DiBEST-UNICAL), 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (E.T.); (M.L.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Antonella Muto
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienza della Terra, Università della Calabria (DiBEST-UNICAL), 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (E.T.); (M.L.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Minervino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Ecologia e Scienza della Terra, Università della Calabria (DiBEST-UNICAL), 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (E.T.); (M.L.M.); (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.L.); (B.M.-M.)
| | - Begoña Miras-Moreno
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (L.L.); (B.M.-M.)
| | - Adriano Sofo
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, and Cultural Heritage (DICEM), University of Basilicata, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università Statale di Milano, Via Celoria n°2, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.B.); (F.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Alshammari SO, Dakshanamurthy S, Ullah H. Small compounds targeting tyrosine phosphorylation of Scaffold Protein Receptor for Activated C Kinase1A (RACK1A) regulate auxin mediated lateral root development in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2021; 16:1899488. [PMID: 33784940 PMCID: PMC8078533 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1899488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) is WD-40 type scaffold protein, conserved in all eukaryote organisms. Many reports implicated RACK1 in plant hormone signal transduction pathways including in auxin and diverse stress signaling pathways; however, the precise molecular mechanism of its role is not understood. Previously, a group of small compounds targeting the Arabidopsis RACK1A functional site-Tyr248 have been developed. Here, the three different small compounds are used to elucidate the role of RACK1A in auxin mediated lateral root development. Through monitoring the auxin response in the architecture of lateral roots and auxin reporter assays, a small molecule- SD29-12 was found to stabilize the auxin induced RACK1A Tyr248 phosphorylation, thereby stimulating auxin signaling and inducing lateral roots formation. In contrast, two other compounds, SD29 and SD29-14, inhibited auxin induced RACK1A Tyr248 phosphorylation resulting in the inhibition of auxin sensitivity and alternation in the lateral roots formation. Taken together, auxin induced RACK1A Tyr248 phosphorylation is found to be the critical regulatory mechanism for auxin-mediated lateral root development. This work leads to the molecular understanding of the role RACK1A plays in the auxin induced lateral root development signaling pathways. The auxin signal stimulating compound has the potential to be used as auxin-based root inducing bio-stimulant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shifaa O Alshammari
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, USA
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, USA
- CONTACT Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057 United States
| | - Hemayet Ullah
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Müller M, Schneider JR, Klein VA, da Silva E, da Silva Júnior JP, Souza AM, Chavarria G. Soybean Root Growth in Response to Chemical, Physical, and Biological Soil Variations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:602569. [PMID: 33732272 PMCID: PMC7959720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.602569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Environmental conditions affect crop yield, and water deficit has been highlighted by the negative impact on soybean grain production. Radicial growth in greater volume and depth can be an alternative to minimize losses caused by a lack of water. Therefore, knowledge of how soybean roots behave before the chemical, physical, and biological attributes of the soil can help establish managements that benefit in-depth root growth. The objective was to evaluate the growth of soybean roots in response to chemical, physical, and biological variations in the soil, in different soil locations and depths. Six experiments were conducted in different locations. Soil samples were collected every 5 cm of soil up to 60 cm of soil depth for chemical, physical, and biological analysis. The roots were collected every 5 cm deep up to 45 cm deep from the ground. The six sites presented unsatisfactory values of pH and organic matter, and presented phosphorus, potassium, and calcium at high concentrations in the first centimeters of soil depth. The total porosity of the soil was above 0.50 m3 m-3, but the proportion of the volume of macropores, micropores, and cryptopores resulted in soils with resistance to penetration to the roots. Microbial biomass was higher on the soil surface when compared to deeper soil layers, however, the metabolic quotient was higher in soil depth, showing that microorganisms in depth have low ability to incorporate carbon into microbial biomass. Root growth occurred in a greater proportion in the first centimeters of soil-depth, possibly because the soil attributes that favor the root growth is concentrated on the soil surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Müller
- Agronomy Post-Graduate Program, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Julia Renata Schneider
- Agronomy Post-Graduate Program, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Vilson Antônio Klein
- Agronomy Post-Graduate Program, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | - Eliardo da Silva
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Geraldo Chavarria
- Agronomy Post-Graduate Program, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Passo Fundo, Passo Fundo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Chen G, Liang B, Bawa G, Chen H, Shi K, Hu Y, Chen P, Fan Y, Pu T, Sun X, Yong T, Liu W, Liu J, Du J, Yang F, Wang X, Yang W. Gravity Reduced Nitrogen Uptake via the Regulation of Brace Unilateral Root Growth in Maize Intercropping. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:724909. [PMID: 34552608 PMCID: PMC8450519 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.724909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Water, nutrient, light, and interspecific facilitation regulation of soil physicochemical properties and root morphology modulate nitrogen (N) uptake in cereal and legume intercropping systems. However, maize root morphological plasticity and N uptake capability response to gravity in the intercropping system remains to be determined. In this study, maize was grown under 20 cm (I20), 40 cm (I40), and 60 cm (I60) of narrow row spacing in an intercropping system (maize-soybean strip relay intercropping) and equal row spacing of monoculture (M) in a 2-year field experiment. As a supplementary for the field experiment, maize root barrier and plant inclination experiments were conducted. Plant inclination, brace root morphology, N uptake, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) level, IAA synthesis genes, and grain yield were assessed. The result showed that the plant inclination increased with decreasing narrow row spacing in intercropping system. Also, the brace unilateral root growth ratio (BURR) increased with increasing plant inclination in intercropping treatments. The plant inclination experiment showed the BURR achieved 94% after inclination at 45°. BURR tended to be positively correlated (p = 0.00) with plant inclination. Thus, gravity (plant inclination) causes brace unilateral root growth. The IAA concentration of stem nodes in the wide row increased with increasing plant inclination, while the IAA accumulation decreased in the narrow row. The Zmvt2 and ZM2G141383 genes (associated with IAA biosynthesis) were highly expressed in a wide row. There was a strong correlation (p = 0.03) between the IAA concentration of wide row and the BURR. Therefore, gravity regulates the IAA level, which affects BURR. In addition, the brace root number, volume, and surface area were decreased when BURR was increased. Subsequently, the leaf N, cob N, and kernel N accumulation were reduced. These organs N and grain yield in I60 were not significantly different as compared to the control treatment. The excessive brace unilateral root growth was not conducive to N uptake and increased yield. Our results suggest that gravity is essential in regulating root morphology plasticity by regulating IAA levels and decreasing N uptake capacity. Furthermore, these results indicate that plant inclination can regulate root phenotype and N uptake of maize and by adjusting the spacing of narrow maize row, we can improve the N uptake and yield of the maize-soybean strip relay-intercropping system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guopeng Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Liang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - George Bawa
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Kai Shi
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Hu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanfang Fan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Sun
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiwen Yong
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiang Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Junbo Du
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Feng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaochun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaochun Wang,
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hussain S, Shafiq I, Skalicky M, Brestic M, Rastogi A, Mumtaz M, Hussain M, Iqbal N, Raza MA, Manzoor S, Liu W, Yang W. Titanium Application Increases Phosphorus Uptake Through Changes in Auxin Content and Root Architecture in Soybean ( Glycine Max L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:743618. [PMID: 34858450 PMCID: PMC8631872 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.743618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient needed for plant growth, development, and production. A deficiency of P causes a severe impact on plant development and productivity. Several P-based fertilizers are being used in agriculture but limited uptake of P by the plant is still a challenge to be solved. Titanium (Ti) application increases the nutrient uptake by affecting the root growth; however, the role of Ti in plant biology, specifically its application under low light and phosphorus stress, has never been reported. Therefore, a pot study was planned with foliar application of Ti (in a different concentration ranging from 0 to 1,000 mg L-1) under different light and P concentrations. The result indicated that under shade and low P conditions the foliar application of Ti in different concentrations significantly improves the plant growth parameters such as root length, root surface area, root dry matter, and shoot dry matters. The increase was observed to be more than 100% in shade and low P stressed soybean root parameter with 500 mg L-1 of Ti treatment. Ti was observed to improve the plant growth both in high P and low P exposed plants, but the improvement was more obvious in Low P exposed plants. Auxin concentration in stressed and healthy plant roots was observed to be slightly increased with Ti application. Ti application was also observed to decrease rhizosphere soil pH and boosted the antioxidant enzymatic activities with an enhancement in photosynthetic efficiency of soybean plants under shade and P stress. With 500 mg L-1 of Ti treatment, the photosynthetic rate was observed to improve by 45% under shade and P stressed soybean plants. Thus, this work for the first time indicates a good potential of Ti application in the low light and P deficient agricultural fields for the purpose to improve plant growth and development parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Hussain
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Iram Shafiq
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Maryam Mumtaz
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muzammil Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nasir Iqbal
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Muhammad Ali Raza
- National Research Center of Intercropping, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Manzoor
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Weiguo Liu,
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System, Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest China (Ministry of Agriculture), Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Wenyu Yang,
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Peco JD, Higueras P, Campos JA, Olmedilla A, Romero-Puertas MC, Sandalio LM. Deciphering lead tolerance mechanisms in a population of the plant species Biscutella auriculata L. from a mining area: Accumulation strategies and antioxidant defenses. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127721. [PMID: 32745740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The uptake and distribution of Pb and the mechanisms involved in the metal tolerance have been investigated in a mine population of Biscutella auriculata. Seedlings were exposed to 125 μM Pb(NO3)2 for 15 days under semihydroponic conditions. The results showed an increase in the size of Pb-treated seedlings and symptoms of toxicity were not observed. ICP-OES analyses showed that Pb accumulation was restricted to root tissue. Imaging of Pb accumulation by dithizone histochemistry revealed the presence of the metal in vacuoles and cell wall in root cells. The accumulation of Pb in vacuoles could be stimulated by an increase in phytochelatin PC2 content. Pb did not promote oxidative damage and this is probably due the increase of antioxidative defenses. In the leaves, Pb produced a significant increase in superoxide dismutase activity, while in roots an increase in catalase and components of the Foyer- Halliwell-Asada cycle were observed. The results indicated that Biscutella auriculata has a high capacity to tolerate Pb and this is mainly due to a very efficient mechanism to sequester the metal in roots and a capacity to avoid oxidative stress. This species could therefore be very useful for phytostabilization and repopulation of areas contaminated with Pb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J D Peco
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain; Instituto de Geología Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Plaza de Manuel Meca 1, 13400, Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - P Higueras
- Instituto de Geología Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Plaza de Manuel Meca 1, 13400, Almadén, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - J A Campos
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - A Olmedilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 419 E, 18080, Granada, Spain
| | - M C Romero-Puertas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 419 E, 18080, Granada, Spain
| | - L M Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental Del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Apartado 419 E, 18080, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kim SH, Bahk S, An J, Hussain S, Nguyen NT, Do HL, Kim JY, Hong JC, Chung WS. A Gain-of-Function Mutant of IAA15 Inhibits Lateral Root Development by Transcriptional Repression of LBD Genes in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1239. [PMID: 32903377 PMCID: PMC7434933 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lateral root development is known to be regulated by Aux/IAA-ARF modules in Arabidopsis thaliana. As components, several Aux/IAAs have participated in these Aux/IAA-ARF modules. In this study, to identify the biological function of IAA15 in plant developments, transgenic plant overexpressing the gain-of-function mutant of IAA15 (IAA15P75S OX) under the control of dexamethasone (DEX) inducible promoter, in which IAA15 protein was mutated by changing Pro-75 residue to Ser at the degron motif in conserved domain II, was constructed. As a result, we found that IAA15P75S OX plants show a decreased number of lateral roots. Coincidently, IAA15 promoter-GUS reporter analysis revealed that IAA15 transcripts were highly detected in all stages of developing lateral root tissues. It was also verified that the IAA15P75S protein is strongly stabilized against proteasome-mediated protein degradation by inhibiting its poly-ubiquitination, resulting in the transcriptional repression of auxin-responsive genes. In particular, transcript levels of LBD16 and LBD29, which are positive regulators of lateral root formation, dramatically repressed in IAA15P75S OX plants. Furthermore, it was elucidated that IAA15 interacts with ARF7 and ARF19 and binds to the promoters of LBD16 and LBD29, strongly suggesting that IAA15 represses lateral root formation through the transcriptional suppression of LBD16 and LBD29 by inhibiting ARF7 and ARF19 activity. Taken together, this study suggests that IAA15 also plays a key negative role in lateral root formation as a component of Aux/IAA-ARF modules.
Collapse
|
35
|
Sumalan RL, Croitor L, Petric M, Radulov I, Bourosh P, Sumalan RM, Crisan M. p-Aminobenzoate Organic Salts as Potential Plant Growth Regulators for Tomatoes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071635. [PMID: 32252303 PMCID: PMC7180871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of environmentally friendly and inexpensive plant growth regulators (PGRs) for agronomically important crops is a necessity and must be considered a priority worldwide. This study provides the synthesis, structure determination and the biological evaluation of two binary organic salts as potential PGRs. New compounds have dual biological activity and are based on natural metabolite p-aminobenzoic acid (pABAH) and different alkanolamines. Studied compounds exhibit hydrogen-bonded 3D supramolecular architectures with different crystal packing due to the formation of one homosynthon and various heterosynthons. The biological profile of new compounds was investigated in laboratory and greenhouse on Solanum lycopersicum L., revealing the efficiency in promoting plant rooting and plant productivity. The results may have a positive impact on agricultural economics, developing new sustainable PGRs for tomatoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radu-Liviu Sumalan
- Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry, Banat′s University of Agriculture Science and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael Ist of Romania” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului nr 119, 300645, Timisoara, Romania; (R.-L.S.); (I.R.); (R.-M.S.)
| | - Lilia Croitor
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of Chemistry, 24 Mihai Viteazul Blvd., 300223, Timisoara, Romania; (L.C.); (M.P.)
- Institute of Applied Physics, Academiei Street 5, MD2028, Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Mihaela Petric
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of Chemistry, 24 Mihai Viteazul Blvd., 300223, Timisoara, Romania; (L.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Isidora Radulov
- Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry, Banat′s University of Agriculture Science and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael Ist of Romania” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului nr 119, 300645, Timisoara, Romania; (R.-L.S.); (I.R.); (R.-M.S.)
| | - Paulina Bourosh
- Institute of Applied Physics, Academiei Street 5, MD2028, Chisinau, Moldova;
| | - Renata-Maria Sumalan
- Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry, Banat′s University of Agriculture Science and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael Ist of Romania” from Timisoara, Calea Aradului nr 119, 300645, Timisoara, Romania; (R.-L.S.); (I.R.); (R.-M.S.)
| | - Manuela Crisan
- “Coriolan Dragulescu” Institute of Chemistry, 24 Mihai Viteazul Blvd., 300223, Timisoara, Romania; (L.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-256-491818
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
At-Hook Motif Nuclear Localised Protein 18 as a Novel Modulator of Root System Architecture. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051886. [PMID: 32164240 PMCID: PMC7084884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The At-Hook Motif Nuclear Localized Protein (AHL) gene family encodes embryophyte-specific nuclear proteins with DNA binding activity. They modulate gene expression and affect various developmental processes in plants. We identify AHL18 (At3G60870) as a developmental modulator of root system architecture and growth. AHL18 is involved in regulation of the length of the proliferation domain and number of dividing cells in the root apical meristem and thereby, cell production. Both primary root growth and lateral root development respond according to AHL18 transcription level. The ahl18 knock-out plants show reduced root systems due to a shorter primary root and a lower number of lateral roots. This change results from a higher number of arrested and non-developing lateral root primordia (LRP) rather than from a decreased LRP initiation. The over-expression of AHL18 results in a more extensive root system, longer primary roots, and increased density of lateral root initiation events. AHL18 is thus involved in the formation of lateral roots at both LRP initiation and their later development. We conclude that AHL18 participates in modulation of root system architecture through regulation of root apical meristem activity, lateral root initiation and emergence; these correspond well with expression pattern of AHL18.
Collapse
|
37
|
Singh S, Singh UB, Malviya D, Paul S, Sahu PK, Trivedi M, Paul D, Saxena AK. Seed Biopriming with Microbial Inoculant Triggers Local and Systemic Defense Responses against Rhizoctonia solani Causing Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in Maize ( Zea mays L.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E1396. [PMID: 32098185 PMCID: PMC7068308 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MF-30 isolated from maize rhizosphere was characterized for several plant growth stimulating attributes. The strain MF-30 was also evaluated for antifungal properties against Rhizoctonia solani causing banded leaf and sheath blight in maize (Zea mays L.) under in vitro conditions and was found to have higher mycelial growth suppression in the culture suspension (67.41%) followed by volatile organic compounds (62.66%) and crude extract (51.20%) in a dual plate assay. The endophytic and epiphytic colonization ability was tested using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-tagging. Visualization through confocal scanning laser microscope clearly indicated that strain MF-30 colonizes the root and foliar parts of the plants. Further, the effects of seed bio-priming with P. aeruginosa MF-30 was evaluated in the induction and bioaccumulation of defense-related biomolecules, enzymes, natural antioxidants, and other changes in maize under pot trial. This not only provided protection from R. solani but also ensured growth promotion under pathogenic stress conditions in maize. The maximum concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was reported in the root and shoot of the plants treated with R. solani alone (8.47 and 17.50 mmol mg-1 protein, respectively) compared to bioagent, P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plants (3.49 and 7.50 mmol mg-1 protein, respectively). Effects on total soluble sugar content, total protein, and total proline were also found to enhanced significantly due to inoculation of P. aeruginosa MF-30. The activities of anti-oxidative defense enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase increased significantly in the plants bio-primed with P. aeruginosa MF-30 and subsequent foliar spray of culture suspension of MF-30 compared to pathogen alone inoculated plants. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that seed bio-priming and foliar application of P. aeruginosa MF-30 significantly increased the expression of PR-1 and PR-10 genes with the simultaneous decrease in the disease severity and lesion length in the maize plants under pathogenic stress conditions. A significant enhancement of shoot and root biomass was recorded in MF-30 bio-primed plants as compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). Significant increase in plant growth and antioxidant content, as well as decreased disease severity in the P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plants, suggested the possibility of an eco-friendly and economical means of achieving antioxidants-rich, healthier maize plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailendra Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (S.S.); (U.B.S.); (D.M.); (S.P.); (P.K.S.); (A.K.S.)
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 227105, India
| | - Udai B. Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (S.S.); (U.B.S.); (D.M.); (S.P.); (P.K.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Deepti Malviya
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (S.S.); (U.B.S.); (D.M.); (S.P.); (P.K.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Surinder Paul
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (S.S.); (U.B.S.); (D.M.); (S.P.); (P.K.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Pramod Kumar Sahu
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (S.S.); (U.B.S.); (D.M.); (S.P.); (P.K.S.); (A.K.S.)
| | - Mala Trivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 227105, India
| | - Diby Paul
- Pilgram Marpeck School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Truett McConnel University, 100 Alumni Dr., Cleveland, GA 30528, USA;
| | - Anil Kumar Saxena
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Kushmaur, Maunath Bhanjan 275103, India; (S.S.); (U.B.S.); (D.M.); (S.P.); (P.K.S.); (A.K.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
NEEDLE1 encodes a mitochondria localized ATP-dependent metalloprotease required for thermotolerant maize growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19736-19742. [PMID: 31501327 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907071116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meristems are highly regulated structures ultimately responsible for the formation of branches, lateral organs, and stems, and thus directly affect plant architecture and crop yield. In meristems, genetic networks, hormones, and signaling molecules are tightly integrated to establish robust systems that can adapt growth to continuous inputs from the environment. Here we characterized needle1 (ndl1), a temperature-sensitive maize mutant that displays severe reproductive defects and strong genetic interactions with known mutants affected in the regulation of the plant hormone auxin. NDL1 encodes a mitochondria-localized ATP-dependent metalloprotease belonging to the FILAMENTATION TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE H (FTSH) family. Together with the hyperaccumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ndl1 inflorescences show up-regulation of a plethora of stress-response genes. We provide evidence that these conditions alter endogenous auxin levels and disrupt primordia initiation in meristems. These findings connect meristem redox status and auxin in the control of maize growth.
Collapse
|