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Hiya HJ, Nakashima Y, Takeuchi A, Nakamura T, Nakamura Y, Murata Y, Munemasa S. Outward-rectifying potassium channels GORK and SKOR function in regulation of root growth under salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 302:154322. [PMID: 39137481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Plants often face high salinity as a significant environmental challenge with roots being the first responders to this stress. Maintaining K+/Na+ ratio within plant cells is crucial for survival, as the intracellular K+ level decreases and the intracellular Na+ level increases under saline conditions. However, knowledge about the molecular regulatory mechanisms of K+ loss in response to salt stress through outward-rectifying K+ channels in plants is largely unknown. In this study, we found that the Arabidopsis double mutant gorkskor, in which the GORK and SKOR genes are disrupted, showed an improved primary root growth under salt stress compared to wild-type (WT) and the gork and skor single-mutant plants. No significant differences in the sensitivity to mannitol stress between the WT and gorkskor mutant were observed. Accumulation of ROS induced by salt stress was reduced in the gorkskor roots. The gorkskor mutant seedlings had significantly higher K+ content, lower Na+ content, and a greater resultant K+/Na+ ratio than the WT under salt stress. Moreover, salt-stress-induced elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration was reduced in the gorkskor roots. Taken together, these results suggest that Arabidopsis Shaker-type outward-rectifying K+ channels GORK and SKOR may redundantly function in regulation of primary root growth under salt stress and are involved in not only the late-stage response (e.g. K+ leakage) but also the early response including ROS production and [Ca2+]cyt elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafsa Jahan Hiya
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Nakashima
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Airi Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Murata
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Shintaro Munemasa
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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2
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Ellouzi H, Ben Slimene Debez I, Amraoui S, Rabhi M, Hanana M, Alyami NM, Debez A, Abdelly C, Zorrig W. Effect of seed priming with auxin on ROS detoxification and carbohydrate metabolism and their relationship with germination and early seedling establishment in salt stressed maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:704. [PMID: 39054427 PMCID: PMC11270924 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05413-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
As crucial stages in the plant ontogeny, germination and seedling establishment under adverse conditions greatly determine staple crop growth and productivity. In the context of green technologies aiming to improve crop yield, seed priming is emerging as an effective approach to enhance seed vigor and germination performance under salt stress. In this study, we assess the efficiency of seed priming with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in mitigating the adverse effects of salt stress on maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings during germination and early seedling stages. In unprimed seeds, salt stress reduced germination indices, and seedling (both radicle and coleoptile) growth, together with decreased tissue hydration. However, seed priming using IAA significantly improved maize salt response, as reflected by the increased seed germination dynamics, early seedling establishment, and water status. Besides, seedlings from IAA-primed seeds showed a higher activity of α-amylase, resulting in increased sugar contents in roots and coleoptiles of salt-stressed plants. Further, IAA-seed priming stimulated the accumulation of endogenous IAA in salt-stressed seedlings, in concomitance with a significant effect on reactive oxygen species detoxification and lipid peroxidation prevention. Indeed, our data revealed increased antioxidant enzyme activities, differentially regulated in roots and coleoptiles, leading to increased activities of the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPX). In summary, data gained from this study further highlight the potential of IAA in modulating early interactions between multiple signaling pathways in the seed, endowing maize seedlings with enhanced potential and sustained tolerance to subsequent salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Ellouzi
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants (LPE), Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), P.O. Box 901, Hammam‑Lif, 2050, Tunisia
| | - Imen Ben Slimene Debez
- Laboratory of Bioactive Substances (LSBA), Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), P. O. Box 901, Hammam‑Lif, 2050, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Amraoui
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants (LPE), Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), P.O. Box 901, Hammam‑Lif, 2050, Tunisia
| | - Mokded Rabhi
- Department of Plant Production, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen Hanana
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants (LPE), Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), P.O. Box 901, Hammam‑Lif, 2050, Tunisia
| | - Nouf M Alyami
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box -2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Debez
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants (LPE), Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), P.O. Box 901, Hammam‑Lif, 2050, Tunisia
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants (LPE), Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), P.O. Box 901, Hammam‑Lif, 2050, Tunisia
| | - Walid Zorrig
- Laboratory of Extremophile Plants (LPE), Centre of Biotechnology of Borj-Cedria (CBBC), P.O. Box 901, Hammam‑Lif, 2050, Tunisia.
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Ren Y, Jiang M, Zhu JK, Zhou W, Zhao C. Simultaneous mutations in ITPK4 and MRP5 genes result in a low phytic acid level without compromising salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39031490 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Generation of crops with low phytic acid (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (InsP6)) is an important breeding direction, but such plants often display less desirable agronomic traits. In this study, through ethyl methanesulfonate-mediated mutagenesis, we found that inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate 5/6-kinase 4 (ITPK4), which is essential for producing InsP6, is a critical regulator of salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Loss of function of ITPK4 gene leads to reduced root elongation under salt stress, which is primarily because of decreased root meristem length and reduced meristematic cell number. The itpk4 mutation also results in increased root hair density and increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species during salt exposure. RNA sequencing assay reveals that several auxin-responsive genes are down-regulated in the itpk4-1 mutant compared to the wild-type. Consistently, the itpk4-1 mutant exhibits a reduced auxin level in the root tip and displays compromised gravity response, indicating that ITPK4 is involved in the regulation of the auxin signaling pathway. Through suppressor screening, it was found that mutation of Multidrug Resistance Protein 5 (MRP5)5 gene, which encodes an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter required for transporting InsP6 from the cytoplasm into the vacuole, fully rescues the salt hypersensitivity of the itpk4-1 mutant, but in the itpk4-1 mrp5 double mutant, InsP6 remains at a very low level. These results imply that InsP6 homeostasis rather than its overall amount is beneficial for stress tolerance in plants. Collectively, this study uncovers a pair of gene mutations that confer low InsP6 content without impacting stress tolerance, which offers a new strategy for creating "low-phytate" crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Ren
- Key Laboratory of Plant Design, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mengdan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Institute of Advanced Biotechnology and School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Gene Editing Technologies, Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Wenkun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Design, National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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4
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Liu H, Mu Y, Xuan Y, Wu X, Wang W, Zhang H. Hydrogen Peroxide Signaling in the Maintenance of Plant Root Apical Meristem Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:554. [PMID: 38790659 PMCID: PMC11118955 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a prevalent reactive oxygen species (ROS) found in cells and takes a central role in plant development and stress adaptation. The root apical meristem (RAM) has evolved strong plasticity to adapt to complex and changing environmental conditions. Recent advances have made great progress in explaining the mechanism of key factors, such as auxin, WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5), PLETHORA (PLT), SHORTROOT (SHR), and SCARECROW (SCR), in the regulation of RAM activity maintenance. H2O2 functions as an emerging signaling molecule to control the quiescent center (QC) specification and stem cell niche (SCN) activity. Auxin is a key signal for the regulation of RAM maintenance, which largely depends on the formation of auxin regional gradients. H2O2 regulates the auxin gradients by the modulation of intercellular transport. H2O2 also modulates the expression of WOX5, PLTs, SHR, and SCR to maintain RAM activity. The present review is dedicated to summarizing the key factors in the regulation of RAM activity and discussing the signaling transduction of H2O2 in the maintenance of RAM activity. H2O2 is a significant signal for plant development and environmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (H.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, College of Life Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; (H.L.); (Y.M.); (Y.X.); (X.W.)
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Lombardi M, Bellucci M, Cimini S, Locato V, Loreto F, De Gara L. Exploring Natural Variations in Arabidopsis thaliana: Plant Adaptability to Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1069. [PMID: 38674478 PMCID: PMC11054533 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The increase in soil salinization represents a current challenge for plant productivity, as most plants, including crops, are mainly salt-sensitive species. The identification of molecular traits underpinning salt tolerance represents a primary goal for breeding programs. In this scenario, the study of intraspecific variability represents a valid tool for investigating natural genetic resources evolved by plants in different environmental conditions. As a model system, Arabidopsis thaliana, including over 750 natural accessions, represents a species extensively studied at phenotypic, metabolic, and genomic levels under different environmental conditions. Two haplogroups showing opposite root architecture (shallow or deep roots) in response to auxin flux perturbation were identified and associated with EXO70A3 locus variations. Here, we studied the influence of these genetic backgrounds on plant salt tolerance. Eight accessions belonging to the two haplogroups were tested for salt sensitivity by exposing them to moderate (75 mM NaCl) or severe (150 mM NaCl) salt stress. Salt-tolerant accessions were found in both haplogroups, and all of them showed efficient ROS-scavenging ability. Even if an exclusive relation between salt tolerance and haplogroup membership was not observed, the modulation of root system architecture might also contribute to salt tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lombardi
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (M.B.); (S.C.); (L.D.G.)
- Department of Biology, Agriculture, and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-DISBA), Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuel Bellucci
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (M.B.); (S.C.); (L.D.G.)
- Department of Biology, Agriculture, and Food Sciences, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-DISBA), Piazzale Aldo Moro 7, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Cimini
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (M.B.); (S.C.); (L.D.G.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Vittoria Locato
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (M.B.); (S.C.); (L.D.G.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Francesco Loreto
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-IPSP), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy; (M.L.); (M.B.); (S.C.); (L.D.G.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center, NBFC, 90133 Palermo, Italy;
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Zeng J, Geng X, Zhao Z, Zhou W. Tipping the balance: The dynamics of stem cell maintenance and stress responses in plant meristems. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 78:102510. [PMID: 38266375 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant meristems contain pools of dividing stem cells that produce new organs for plant growth and development. Environmental factors, including biotic and abiotic stresses and nutrient availability, affect meristem activity and thus the architecture of roots and shoots; understanding how meristems react to changing environmental conditions will shed light on how plants optimize nutrient acquisition and acclimate to different environmental conditions. This review highlights recent exciting advances in this field, mainly in Arabidopsis. We discuss the signaling pathways, genetic regulators, and molecular mechanisms involved in the response of plant meristems to environmental and nutrient cues, and compare the similarities and differences of stress responses between the shoot and root apical meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zeng
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Xin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhong Zhao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.
| | - Wenkun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Environmental Resilience, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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7
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Jing H, Wilkinson EG, Sageman-Furnas K, Strader LC. Auxin and abiotic stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:7000-7014. [PMID: 37591508 PMCID: PMC10690732 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic stresses; these stresses have profound effects on plant growth, survival, and productivity. Tolerance and adaptation to stress require sophisticated stress sensing, signaling, and various regulatory mechanisms. The plant hormone auxin is a key regulator of plant growth and development, playing pivotal roles in the integration of abiotic stress signals and control of downstream stress responses. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in understanding the intersection of auxin and abiotic stress in plants, with a focus on temperature, salt, and drought stresses. We also explore the roles of auxin in stress tolerance and opportunities arising for agricultural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Jing
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27008, USA
| | | | | | - Lucia C Strader
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27008, USA
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Zhang T, Peng JT, Klair A, Dickinson AJ. Non-canonical and developmental roles of the TCA cycle in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 74:102382. [PMID: 37210789 PMCID: PMC10524895 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Over recent years, our understanding of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCAC) in living organisms has expanded beyond its canonical role in cellular energy production. In plants, TCAC metabolites and related enzymes have important roles in physiology, including vacuolar function, chelation of metals and nutrients, photorespiration, and redox regulation. Research in other organisms, including animals, has demonstrated unexpected functions of the TCAC metabolites in a number of biological processes, including signaling, epigenetic regulation, and cell differentiation. Here, we review the recent progress in discovery of non-canonical roles of the TCAC. We then discuss research on these metabolites in the context of plant development, with a focus on research related to tissue-specific functions of the TCAC. Additionally, we review research describing connections between TCAC metabolites and phytohormone signaling pathways. Overall, we discuss the opportunities and challenges in discovering new functions of TCAC metabolites in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jesus T Peng
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amman Klair
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra J Dickinson
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Yin Y, Fan S, Li S, Amombo E, Fu J. Involvement of cell cycle and ion transferring in the salt stress responses of alfalfa varieties at different development stages. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:343. [PMID: 37370008 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the worldwide major feed crop for livestock. However, forage quality and productivity are reduced by salt stress, which is a common issue in alfalfa-growing regions. The relative salt tolerance is changed during plant life cycle. This research aimed to investigate the relative salt tolerance and the underlying mechanisms of two alfalfa varieties at different developmental stages. RESULTS Two alfalfa varieties, "Zhongmu No.1 (ZM1)" and "D4V", with varying salt tolerance, were subjected to salt stress (0, 100, 150 mM NaCl). When the germinated seeds were exposed to salt stress, D4V exhibited enhanced primary root growth compared to ZM1 due to the maintenance of meristem size, sustained or increased expression of cell cycle-related genes, greater activity of antioxidant enzymes and higher level of IAA. These findings indicated that D4V was more tolerant than ZM1 at early developmental stage. However, when young seedlings were exposed to salt stress, ZM1 displayed a lighter wilted phenotype and leaf cell death, higher biomass and nutritional quality, lower relative electrolytic leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration. In addition, ZM1 obtained a greater antioxidant capacity in leaves, indicated by less accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and higher activity of antioxidant enzymes. Further ionic tissue-distribution analysis identified that ZM1 accumulated less Na+ and more K+ in leaves and stems, resulting in lower Na+/K+ ratio, because of possessing higher expression of ion transporters and sensitivity of stomata closure. Therefore, the relative salt tolerance of ZM1 and D4V was reversed at young seedling stages, with the young seedlings of the former being more salt-tolerant. CONCLUSION Our data revealed the changes of relative order of salt tolerance between alfalfa varieties as they develop. Meristem activity in primary root tips and ion transferring at young seedling stages were underlying mechanisms that resulted in differences in salt tolerance at different developmental stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanLing Yin
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - ShuGao Fan
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Erick Amombo
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - JinMin Fu
- Coastal Salinity Tolerant Grass Engineering and Technology Research Center, Ludong University, Yantai, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Hasanpour K, Aalami A, Seraj RGM, Hosseini R, Naeimi S, Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani K. Identification of drought-tolerant hub genes in Iranian KC-2226 genotype of Aegilops tauschii using transcriptomic analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9499. [PMID: 37308505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aegilops tauschii, as a donor of D genome to the bread wheat with a valuable source of resistance to different biotic and abiotic stresses, is used to improve the quality of wheat cultivars. Every genotype has a specific genetic content, the investigation of which can lead to the identification of useful genes such as stress tolerance genes, including drought. Therefore, 23 genotypes of Ae. tauschii were selected to evaluate their morphological and physiological traits under greenhouse conditions. Among them, a superior tolerant genotype (KC-2226) was chosen for transcriptomic analysis. Our result showed that 5007 and 3489 genes were deferentially up- and downregulated, respectively. Upregulated genes were involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and amino acid biosynthesis whereas downregulated genes were often engaged in DNA synthesis, replication, repair and topological changes. The result of protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that AT1G76550 (1.46), AT1G20950 (1.42), IAR4 (1.19), and PYD2 (1.16) among upregulated genes and THY-1 (44), PCNA1 (41) and TOPII (22) among down-regulated genes had the highest interactions with other genes. In conclusion, Ae. tauschii employs elevated transcription of specific genes involved in photosynthesis, glycolysis and gluconeogenesis and amino acid biosynthesis pathways rather than genes active in DNA synthesis and repair to provide the energy needed for the plant to survive under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Hasanpour
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, University of Guilan, University Campus 2, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ali Aalami
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
| | - Rahele Ghanbari Moheb Seraj
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Ramin Hosseini
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resource, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shahram Naeimi
- Department of Biological Control Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, 19858-13111, Iran
| | - Keyvan Esmaeilzadeh-Salestani
- Chair of Crop Science and Plant Biology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, 51006, Tartu, Estonia
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11
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Pasternak T, Palme K, Pérez-Pérez JM. Role of reactive oxygen species in the modulation of auxin flux and root development in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:83-95. [PMID: 36700340 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a dual role in plant biology, acting as important signal transduction molecules and as toxic byproducts of aerobic metabolism that accumulate in cells upon exposure to different stressors and lead to cell death. In plants, root architecture is regulated by the distribution and intercellular flow of the phytohormone auxin. In this study, we identified ROS as an important modulator of auxin distribution and response in the root. ROS production is necessary for root growth, proper tissue patterning, cell growth, and lateral root (LR) induction. Alterations in ROS balance led to altered auxin distribution and response in SOD and RHD2 loss-of-function mutants. Treatment of Arabidopsis seedlings with additional sources of ROS (hydrogen peroxide) or an ROS production inhibitor (diphenylene iodonium) induced phenocopies of the mutants studied. Simultaneous application of auxin and ROS increased LR primordia induction, and PIN-FORMED protein immunolocalization further demonstrated the existing link between auxin and ROS in orchestrating cell division and auxin flux during root development. In Arabidopsis roots, genetic alterations in ROS balance led to defective auxin distribution and growth-related responses in roots. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide alters the establishment of the endogenous auxin gradient in the root meristem through regulation of PIN-FORMED polarity, while the simultaneous application of hydrogen peroxide and auxin enhanced LR induction in a dose- and position-dependent manner through activation of cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Pasternak
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202, Elche, Spain
| | - Klaus Palme
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biology II/Molecular Plant Physiology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for BioSystems Analysis, BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street 61, Tai'an, 271018, China
- ScreenSYS GmbH, Engesserstr. 4, Freiburg, 79108, Germany
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12
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Mukherjee S, Corpas FJ. H 2 O 2 , NO, and H 2 S networks during root development and signalling under physiological and challenging environments: Beneficial or toxic? PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:688-717. [PMID: 36583401 PMCID: PMC10108057 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a key modulator of the development and architecture of the root system under physiological and adverse environmental conditions. Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) also exert myriad functions on plant development and signalling. Accumulating pieces of evidence show that depending upon the dose and mode of applications, NO and H2 S can have synergistic or antagonistic actions in mediating H2 O2 signalling during root development. Thus, H2 O2 -NO-H2 S crosstalk might essentially impart tolerance to elude oxidative stress in roots. Growth and proliferation of root apex involve crucial orchestration of NO and H2 S-mediated ROS signalling which also comprise other components including mitogen-activated protein kinase, cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, respiratory burst oxidase homolog (RBOH), and Ca2+ flux. This assessment provides a comprehensive update on the cooperative roles of NO and H2 S in modulating H2 O2 homoeostasis during root development, abiotic stress tolerance, and root-microbe interaction. Furthermore, it also analyses the scopes of some fascinating future investigations associated with strigolactone and karrikins concerning H2 O2 -NO-H2 S crosstalk in plant roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur CollegeUniversity of KalyaniWest BengalIndia
| | - Francisco J. Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Stress, Development and Signalling in PlantsEstación Experimental del Zaidín (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC)GranadaSpain
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13
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Kikuchi S, Horiuchi A, Nishimoto Y, Iwamoto A. Different effects of gellan gum and agar on change in root elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana by polyploidization: the key role of aluminum. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2023; 136:253-263. [PMID: 36689102 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-023-01435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Agar and gellan gum have been considered to have different effects on polyploidy-dependent growth in plants. We aim to demonstrate that agar and gellan gum differently affect the change in root elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana by polyploidization and examined the physico-chemical parameters in each gelling agent to elucidate key factors that caused the differences. Each polyploid strain was cultured vertically on agar and gellan gum solidified medium under fixed conditions. Root elongation rate was measured during 4-10 days after sowing. As a result, agar promoted root elongation of polyploids more than the gellan gum. Then water potential, gel hardness, and trace elements of each medium were quantified in each medium. Water potential and gel hardness of agar medium were significantly higher than those of gellan gum medium. The decrease in water potential and gel hardness in agar medium, however, did not affect the change in polyploidy-dependent growth. Elemental analysis showed that gellan gum contained more aluminum than agar. Subsequently, the polyploids were grown on agar media with additional aluminum, on which the root elongation in tetraploids and octoploids was significantly suppressed. These results revealed that agar and gellan gum affect the change in growth of root elongation in A. thaliana by polyploidization in different ways and the different effects on change in polyploidy-dependent growth is partially caused by aluminum in the gellan gum, which may be due to cell wall composition of polyploids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzuka Kikuchi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Arisa Horiuchi
- Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, Koganei, Japan
| | - Yuko Nishimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Akitoshi Iwamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan.
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14
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Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Critical Role of the Glycosyl Hydrolase 17 Protein in Panax ginseng Leaves under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043693. [PMID: 36835103 PMCID: PMC9965409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng, an important crop in East Asia, exhibits multiple medicinal and nutritional benefits because of the presence of ginsenosides. On the other hand, the ginseng yield is severely affected by abiotic stressors, particularly salinity, which reduces yield and quality. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve the ginseng yield during salinity stress, but salinity stress-induced changes in ginseng are poorly understood, particularly at the proteome-wide level. In this study, we report the comparative proteome profiles of ginseng leaves at four different time points (mock, 24, 72, and 96 h) using a label-free quantitative proteome approach. Of the 2484 proteins identified, 468 were salt-responsive. In particular, glycosyl hydrolase 17 (PgGH17), catalase-peroxidase 2, voltage-gated potassium channel subunit beta-2, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase class 1, and chlorophyll a-b binding protein accumulated in ginseng leaves in response to salt stress. The heterologous expression of PgGH17 in Arabidopsis thaliana improved the salt tolerance of transgenic lines without compromising plant growth. Overall, this study uncovers the salt-induced changes in ginseng leaves at the proteome level and highlights the critical role of PgGH17 in salt stress tolerance in ginseng.
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15
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Ageyeva M, Veselov A, Vodeneev V, Brilkina A. Cell-Type-Specific Length and Cytosolic pH Response of Superficial Cells of Arabidopsis Root to Chronic Salinity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11243532. [PMID: 36559645 PMCID: PMC9783886 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity negatively affects the growth, development and yield of plants. Acidification of the cytosol in cells of glycophytes was reported under salinity, while various types of plant cells can have a specific reaction under the same conditions. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the pH sensor Pt-GFP in the cytosol were used in this work for determination of morphometric changes and cytosolic pH changes in the superficial cells of Arabidopsis roots under chronic salinity in vitro. We did not find changes in the length of the root cap cells, while there was a decrease in the length of the differentiation zone under 50, 75 mM NaCl and the size of the epidermal cells of the differentiation zone under 75 mM NaCl. The most significant changes of cytosolic pH to chronic salinity was noted in columella (decrease by 1 pH unit at 75 mM NaCl) and epidermal cells of the differentiation zone (decrease by 0.6 and 0.4 pH units at 50 and 75 mM NaCl, respectively). In developed lateral root cap cells, acidification of cytosol by 0.4 units occurred only under 75 mM NaCl in the medium. In poorly differentiated lateral cells of the root cap, there were no changes in pH under chronic salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ageyeva
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Alexander Veselov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Vladimir Vodeneev
- Department of Biophysics, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
| | - Anna Brilkina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Avenue, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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16
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Carillo P, Pannico A, Cirillo C, Ciriello M, Colla G, Cardarelli M, De Pascale S, Rouphael Y. Protein Hydrolysates from Animal or Vegetal Sources Affect Morpho-Physiological Traits, Ornamental Quality, Mineral Composition, and Shelf-Life of Chrysanthemum in a Distinctive Manner. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172321. [PMID: 36079702 PMCID: PMC9460061 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein hydrolysates (PHs) are a prominent category of plant biostimulants, mainly constituted of amino acids, oligopeptides and polypeptides, obtained by partial hydrolysis of animal or plant protein sources. Despite scientific evidence supporting the biostimulant action of PHs on vegetables, the morphological, physiological, and shelf-life performances underlying the PH action on cut flowers are still poorly explored. Accordingly, the aim of this research is to assess the effects of three commercial biostimulants, one animal PH (PH A, Hicure®) and two plant PHs (PH V1, Trainer® and PH V2, Vegamin©), on two chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) cultivars (Pinacolada and Radost). In both cultivars, only the plant-derived PH (V1 and V2) treatments recorded significantly higher fresh plant biomass than the control (on average +18%, in both cultivars). The foliar application of the vegetal-derived PHs but not the animal one, particularly in Pinacolada, improved the status of plants, stimulating stem elongation and the apical flower diameter. In Pinacolada, applications with PH V1 resulted in a significant increase in nitrate and P concentration in leaves and Ca content in flowers compared with the control (+43%, +27%, and +28% for nitrate, P, and Ca, respectively). In Radost, PH A and PH V2 applications caused a significant reduction in nitrate concentration in both leaves and flowers compared with the control. One week after harvest, in both cultivars, PH A applications caused flower stems to wilt faster than the control. In contrast, plants treated with PH V1 revealed significantly slower flower stem senescence compared to the control. Flower wilting during vase life was correlated to a decrease in the K-to-Na ratio in flowers due to an inability to transport K to the flowers from the leaves rather than an increase in Na in the flowers themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petronia Carillo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via Vivaldi 43, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Antonio Pannico
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Chiara Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Michele Ciriello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Colla
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Cardarelli
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy
- Correspondence:
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17
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Casanova‐Sáez R, Mateo‐Bonmatí E, Šimura J, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Staswick P, Ljung K. Inactivation of the entire Arabidopsis group II GH3s confers tolerance to salinity and water deficit. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:263-275. [PMID: 35322877 PMCID: PMC9322293 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) controls a plethora of developmental processes. Thus, regulation of its concentration is of great relevance for plant performance. Cellular IAA concentration depends on its transport, biosynthesis and the various pathways for IAA inactivation, including oxidation and conjugation. Group II members of the GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) gene family code for acyl acid amido synthetases catalysing the conjugation of IAA to amino acids. However, the high degree of functional redundancy among them has hampered thorough analysis of their roles in plant development. In this work, we generated an Arabidopsis gh3.1,2,3,4,5,6,9,17 (gh3oct) mutant to knock out the group II GH3 pathway. The gh3oct plants had an elaborated root architecture, showed an increased tolerance to different osmotic stresses, including an IAA-dependent tolerance to salinity, and were more tolerant to water deficit. Indole-3-acetic acid metabolite quantification in gh3oct plants suggested the existence of additional GH3-like enzymes in IAA metabolism. Moreover, our data suggested that 2-oxindole-3-acetic acid production depends, at least in part, on the GH3 pathway. Targeted stress-hormone analysis further suggested involvement of abscisic acid in the differential response to salinity of gh3oct plants. Taken together, our data provide new insights into the roles of group II GH3s in IAA metabolism and hormone-regulated plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Casanova‐Sáez
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Eduardo Mateo‐Bonmatí
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Jan Šimura
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth RegulatorsFaculty of SciencePalacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 27OlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
- Laboratory of Growth RegulatorsFaculty of SciencePalacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of SciencesŠlechtitelů 27OlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Paul Staswick
- Department of Agronomy and HorticultureUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNEUSA
| | - Karin Ljung
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant PhysiologyUmeå Plant Science Centre (UPSC)Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences901 83UmeåSweden
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18
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Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase 1 Is Essential for Primary-Root Growth at Low-Sucrose Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094540. [PMID: 35562931 PMCID: PMC9100158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant roots are essential organs for absorbing nutrients from the soil or medium. Sucrose functions as a vital carbon source in root development, and sucrose starvation interferes with the redox state of plant cells. However, the mechanism of root growth at sucrose starvation remains unclear. Here, we report that SHMT1 (serine hydroxymethyltransferase 1) plays a crucial role in primary-root growth. SHMT1 mutation caused decreased sugar levels, excessive H2O2 accumulation, and severe root-growth arrest at sucrose-free conditions, whereas plants with SHMT1 overexpression had increased sugar and decreased H2O2 levels, and longer primary roots. Sucrose supply fully restored root growth of shm1-2, but CO2 alone could not, and SHMT1 is much more stable in roots than shoots at sucrose conditions, suggesting that SHMT1 accumulation in roots is critical for sucrose accumulation and root growth. Further ROS scavenging by GSH application or ROS synthesis inhibition by apocynin application or RBOHD mutation reduced H2O2 levels and partially restored the root-growth arrest phenotype of shm1-2 at low-sucrose conditions, suggesting that SHMT1 modulates root growth via sucrose-mediated ROS accumulation. Our findings demonstrated the role of SHMT1 in primary-root growth by regulating sucrose accumulation and ROS homeostasis in roots.
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19
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Chen H, Lee J, Lee JM, Han M, Emonet A, Lee J, Jia X, Lee Y. MSD2, an apoplastic Mn-SOD, contributes to root skotomorphogenic growth by modulating ROS distribution in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 317:111192. [PMID: 35193741 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play essential roles as a second messenger in various physiological processes in plants. Due to their oxidative nature, ROS can also be harmful. Thus, the generation and homeostasis of ROS are tightly controlled by multiple enzymes. Membrane-localized NADPH oxidases are well known to generate ROS during developmental and stress responses, but the metabolic pathways of the superoxide (O2-) generated by them in the apoplast are poorly understood, and the identity of the apoplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD) is unknown in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that a putative manganese SOD, MSD2 is secreted and possesses a SOD activity that can be inhibited by nitration at tyrosine 68. The expression of MSD2 in roots is light condition-dependent, suggesting that MSD2 may act on ROS metabolism in roots during the light-to-dark transition. Root architecture is governed by ROS distribution that exhibits opposite gradient of H2O2 and O2-, which is indeed altered in etiolated msd2 mutants and accompanied by changes in the onset of differentiation. These results provide a missing link in our understanding of ROS metabolism and suggest that MSD2 plays a role in root skotomorphogenesis by regulating ROS distribution, thereby playing a pivotal role in plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huize Chen
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, PR China; Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsu Lee
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Han
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Aurélia Emonet
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, UNIL-Sorge, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jiyoun Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Xingtian Jia
- Higher Education Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular and Environmental Stress Response in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan, 030000, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Yuree Lee
- Research Center for Plant Plasticity, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Yadav C, Bahuguna RN, Dhankher OP, Singla-Pareek SL, Pareek A. Physiological and molecular signatures reveal differential response of rice genotypes to drought and drought combination with heat and salinity stress. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:899-910. [PMID: 35592483 PMCID: PMC9110620 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01162-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rice is the staple food for more than 3.5 billion people worldwide. The sensitivity of rice to heat, drought, and salinity is well documented. However, rice response to combinations of these stresses is not well understood. A contrasting set of rice genotypes for heat (N22, Gharib), drought (Moroberekan, Pusa 1121) and salinity (Pokkali, IR64) were selected to characterize their response under drought, and combination of drought with heat and salinity at the sensitive seedling stage. Sensitive genotypes (IR64, Pusa 1121, Gharib) recorded higher reactive oxygen species accumulation (20-40%), membrane damage (8-65%) and reduction in photosynthetic efficiency (10-23%) across the stress and stress combinations as compared to stress tolerant checks. On the contrary, N22 and Pokkali performed best under drought + heat, and drought + salinity combination, respectively. Moreover, gene expression pattern revealed the highest expression of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and GATA28a in N22 under heat + drought, whereas the highest expression of CAT, APX, superoxide dismutase (SOD), DEHYDRIN, GATA28a and GATA28b in Pokkali under drought + salinity. Interestingly, the phenotypic variation and expression level of genes highlighted the role of different set of physiological traits and genes under drought and drought combination with heat and salinity stress. This study reveals that rice response to stress combinations was unique with rapid readjustment at physiological and molecular levels. Moreover, phenotypic changes under stress combinations showed substantial adaptive plasticity in rice, which warrant further investigations at molecular level. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01162-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhaya Yadav
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Rajeev Nayan Bahuguna
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Om Parkash Dhankher
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
| | - Sneh L. Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067 India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067 India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, Punjab 140306 India
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21
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Cackett L, Cannistraci CV, Meier S, Ferrandi P, Pěnčík A, Gehring C, Novák O, Ingle RA, Donaldson L. Salt-Specific Gene Expression Reveals Elevated Auxin Levels in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants Grown Under Saline Conditions. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:804716. [PMID: 35222469 PMCID: PMC8866861 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.804716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization is increasing globally, driving a reduction in crop yields that threatens food security. Salinity stress reduces plant growth by exerting two stresses on plants: rapid shoot ion-independent effects which are largely osmotic and delayed ionic effects that are specific to salinity stress. In this study we set out to delineate the osmotic from the ionic effects of salinity stress. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were germinated and grown for two weeks in media supplemented with 50, 75, 100, or 125 mM NaCl (that imposes both an ionic and osmotic stress) or iso-osmolar concentrations (100, 150, 200, or 250 mM) of sorbitol, that imposes only an osmotic stress. A subsequent transcriptional analysis was performed to identify sets of genes that are differentially expressed in plants grown in (1) NaCl or (2) sorbitol compared to controls. A comparison of the gene sets identified genes that are differentially expressed under both challenge conditions (osmotic genes) and genes that are only differentially expressed in plants grown on NaCl (ionic genes, hereafter referred to as salt-specific genes). A pathway analysis of the osmotic and salt-specific gene lists revealed that distinct biological processes are modulated during growth under the two conditions. The list of salt-specific genes was enriched in the gene ontology (GO) term "response to auxin." Quantification of the predominant auxin, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and IAA biosynthetic intermediates revealed that IAA levels are elevated in a salt-specific manner through increased IAA biosynthesis. Furthermore, the expression of NITRILASE 2 (NIT2), which hydrolyses indole-3-acetonitile (IAN) into IAA, increased in a salt-specific manner. Overexpression of NIT2 resulted in increased IAA levels, improved Na:K ratios and enhanced survival and growth of Arabidopsis under saline conditions. Overall, our data suggest that auxin is involved in maintaining growth during the ionic stress imposed by saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Cackett
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Carlo Vittorio Cannistraci
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence, Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Department of Computer Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Complex Network Intelligence, Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart Meier
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Paul Ferrandi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Chris Gehring
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Robert A. Ingle
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Lara Donaldson
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
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22
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Yu Z, Ren Y, Liu J, Zhu JK, Zhao C. A novel mitochondrial protein is required for cell wall integrity, auxin accumulation and root elongation in Arabidopsis under salt stress. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:13. [PMID: 37676421 PMCID: PMC10441957 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of root elongation is beneficial for the growth and survival of plants under salt stress, but currently the cellular components involved in the regulation of root growth under high salinity are not fully understood. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis mutant, rres1, which exhibited reduced root elongation under treatment of a variety of salts, including NaCl, NaNO3, KCl, and KNO3. RRES1 encodes a novel mitochondrial protein and its molecular function is still unknown. Under salt stress, the root meristem length was shorter in the rres1 mutant compared to the wild type, which was correlated with a reduced auxin accumulation in the mutant. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as important signals that regulate root elongation, were accumulated to higher levels in the rres1 mutant than the wild type after salt treatment. Measurement of monosaccharides in the cell wall showed that arabinose and xylose contents were decreased in the rres1 mutant under salt stress, and application of boric acid, which is required for the crosslinking of pectic polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II), largely rescued the root growth arrest of the rres1 mutant, suggesting that RRES1 participates in the maintenance of cell wall integrity under salt stress. GUS staining assay indicated that the RRES1 gene was expressed in leaves and weakly in root tip under normal conditions, but its expression was dramatically increased in leaves and roots after salt treatment. Together, our study reveals a novel mitochondrial protein that regulates root elongation under salt stress via the modulation of cell wall integrity, auxin accumulation, and ROS homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheping Yu
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Yuying Ren
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Rutten J, van den Berg T, Tusscher KT. Modeling Auxin Signaling in Roots: Auxin Computations. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a040089. [PMID: 34001532 PMCID: PMC8805645 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Auxin signaling and patterning is an inherently complex process, involving polarized auxin transport, metabolism, and signaling, its effect on developmental zones, as well as growth rates, and the feedback between all these different aspects. This complexity has led to an important role for computational modeling in unraveling the multifactorial roles of auxin in plant developmental and adaptive processes. Here we discuss the basic ingredients of auxin signaling and patterning models for root development as well as a series of key modeling studies in this area. These modeling studies have helped elucidate how plants use auxin signaling to compute the size of their root meristem, the direction in which to grow, and when and where to form lateral roots. Importantly, these models highlight how auxin, through patterning of and collaborating with other factors, can fulfill all these roles simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap Rutten
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Thea van den Berg
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Ten Tusscher
- Computational Developmental Biology Group, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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24
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Roy S, Chakraborty AP, Chakraborty R. Understanding the potential of root microbiome influencing salt-tolerance in plants and mechanisms involved at the transcriptional and translational level. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1657-1681. [PMID: 34549441 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity severely affects plant growth and development and imparts inevitable losses to crop productivity. Increasing the concentration of salts in the vicinity of plant roots has severe consequences at the morphological, biochemical, and molecular levels. These include loss of chlorophyll, decrease in photosynthetic rate, reduction in cell division, ROS generation, inactivation of antioxidative enzymes, alterations in phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling, and so forth. The association of microorganisms, viz. plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, endophytes, and mycorrhiza, with plant roots constituting the root microbiome can confer a greater degree of salinity tolerance in addition to their inherent ability to promote growth and induce defense mechanisms. The mechanisms involved in induced stress tolerance bestowed by these microorganisms involve the modulation of phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling pathways (including indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, brassinosteroids, abscisic acid, and jasmonic acid), accumulation of osmoprotectants (proline, glycine betaine, and sugar alcohols), and regulation of ion transporters (SOS1, NHX, HKT1). Apart from this, salt-tolerant microorganisms are known to induce the expression of salt-responsive genes via the action of several transcription factors, as well as by posttranscriptional and posttranslational modifications. Moreover, the potential of these salt-tolerant microflora can be employed for sustainably improving crop performance in saline environments. Therefore, this review will briefly focus on the key responses of plants under salinity stress and elucidate the mechanisms employed by the salt-tolerant microorganisms in improving plant tolerance under saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnendu Roy
- Plant Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Rakhi Chakraborty
- Department of Botany, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Roy Government College, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India
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Defective cytokinin signaling reprograms lipid and flavonoid gene-to-metabolite networks to mitigate high salinity in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2105021118. [PMID: 34815339 PMCID: PMC8640937 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2105021118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinin (CK) in plants regulates both developmental processes and adaptation to environmental stresses. Arabidopsis histidine phosphotransfer ahp2,3,5 and type-B Arabidopsis response regulator arr1,10,12 triple mutants are almost completely defective in CK signaling, and the ahp2,3,5 mutant was reported to be salt tolerant. Here, we demonstrate that the arr1,10,12 mutant is also more tolerant to salt stress than wild-type (WT) plants. A comprehensive metabolite profiling coupled with transcriptome analysis of the ahp2,3,5 and arr1,10,12 mutants was conducted to elucidate the salt tolerance mechanisms mediated by CK signaling. Numerous primary (e.g., sugars, amino acids, and lipids) and secondary (e.g., flavonoids and sterols) metabolites accumulated in these mutants under nonsaline and saline conditions, suggesting that both prestress and poststress accumulations of stress-related metabolites contribute to improved salt tolerance in CK-signaling mutants. Specifically, the levels of sugars (e.g., trehalose and galactinol), amino acids (e.g., branched-chain amino acids and γ-aminobutyric acid), anthocyanins, sterols, and unsaturated triacylglycerols were higher in the mutant plants than in WT plants. Notably, the reprograming of flavonoid and lipid pools was highly coordinated and concomitant with the changes in transcriptional levels, indicating that these metabolic pathways are transcriptionally regulated by CK signaling. The discovery of the regulatory role of CK signaling on membrane lipid reprogramming provides a greater understanding of CK-mediated salt tolerance in plants. This knowledge will contribute to the development of salt-tolerant crops with the ability to withstand salinity as a key driver to ensure global food security in the era of climate crisis.
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Skalický V, Vojtková T, Pěnčík A, Vrána J, Juzoń K, Koláčková V, Sedlářová M, Kubeš MF, Novák O. Auxin Metabolite Profiling in Isolated and Intact Plant Nuclei. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12369. [PMID: 34830250 PMCID: PMC8620152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant nucleus plays an irreplaceable role in cellular control and regulation by auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) mainly because canonical auxin signaling takes place here. Auxin can enter the nucleus from either the endoplasmic reticulum or cytosol. Therefore, new information about the auxin metabolome (auxinome) in the nucleus can illuminate our understanding of subcellular auxin homeostasis. Different methods of nuclear isolation from various plant tissues have been described previously, but information about auxin metabolite levels in nuclei is still fragmented and insufficient. Herein, we tested several published nucleus isolation protocols based on differential centrifugation or flow cytometry. The optimized sorting protocol leading to promising yield, intactness, and purity was then combined with an ultra-sensitive mass spectrometry analysis. Using this approach, we can present the first complex report on the auxinome of isolated nuclei from cell cultures of Arabidopsis and tobacco. Moreover, our results show dynamic changes in auxin homeostasis at the intranuclear level after treatment of protoplasts with free IAA, or indole as a precursor of auxin biosynthesis. Finally, we can conclude that the methodological procedure combining flow cytometry and mass spectrometry offers new horizons for the study of auxin homeostasis at the subcellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Skalický
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Tereza Vojtková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
| | - Jan Vrána
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Juzoń
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Veronika Koláčková
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, CZ-77900 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (J.V.); (V.K.)
| | - Michaela Sedlářová
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic;
| | - Martin F. Kubeš
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (V.S.); (T.V.); (A.P.)
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27
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Yuan TT, Xiang ZX, Li W, Gao X, Lu YT. Osmotic stress represses root growth by modulating the transcriptional regulation of PIN-FORMED3. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1661-1673. [PMID: 34420215 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress influences root system architecture, and polar auxin transport (PAT) is well established to regulate root growth and development. However, how PAT responds to osmotic stress at the molecular level remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored whether and how the auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED3 (PIN3) participates in osmotic stress-induced root growth inhibition in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We observed that osmotic stress induces a HD-ZIP II transcription factor-encoding gene HOMEODOMAIN ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA2 (HAT2) expression in roots. The hat2 loss-of-function mutant is less sensitive to osmotic stress in terms of root meristem growth. Consistent with this phenotype, whereas the auxin response is downregulated in wild-type roots under osmotic stress, the inhibition of auxin response by osmotic stress was alleviated in hat2 roots. Conversely, transgenic lines overexpressing HAT2 (Pro35S::HAT2) had shorter roots and reduced auxin accumulation compared with wild-type plants. PIN3 expression was significantly reduced in the Pro35S::HAT2 lines. We determined that osmotic stress-mediated repression of PIN3 was alleviated in the hat2 mutant because HAT2 normally binds to the promoter of PIN3 and inhibits its expression. Taken together, our data revealed that osmotic stress inhibits root growth via HAT2, which regulates auxin activity by directly repressing PIN3 transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ying-Tang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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Wu J, Yu C, Huang L, Gan Y. A rice transcription factor, OsMADS57, positively regulates high salinity tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:1120-1135. [PMID: 34287928 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
MADS-box transcription factors (TFs) play indispensable roles in various aspects of plant growth, development as well as in response to environmental stresses. Several MADS-box genes have been reported to be involved in the salt tolerance in different plant species. However, the role of the transcription factor OsMADS57 under salinity stress is still unknown. Here, the results of this study showed that OsMADS57 was mainly expressed in roots and leaves of rice plants (Oryza sativa). Gene expression pattern analysis revealed that OsMADS57 was induced by NaCl. Overexpression of OsMADS57 in both Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) and rice could improve their salt tolerance, which was demonstrated by higher germination rates, longer root length and better growth status of overexpression plants than wild type (WT) under salinity conditions. In contrast, RNA interference (RNAi) lines of rice showed more sensitivity towards salinity. Moreover, less reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulated in OsMADS57 overexpressing lines when exposed to salt stress, as measured by 3, 3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) or nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) staining. Further experiments exhibited that overexpression of OsMADS57 in rice significantly increased the tolerance ability of plants to oxidative damage under salt stress, mainly by increasing the activities of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), reducing malonaldehyde (MDA) content and improving the expression of stress-related genes. Taken together, these results demonstrated that OsMADS57 plays a positive role in enhancing salt tolerance by activating the antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyu Wu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ludong University, College of Agriculture, Yantai, China
| | - Linli Huang
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Department of Agronomy, Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute of Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan Province, People's Republic of China
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Gao H, Huang H, Lu K, Wang C, Liu X, Song Z, Zhou H, Yang L, Li B, Yu C, Zhang H. OsCYP714D1 improves plant growth and salt tolerance through regulating gibberellin and ion homeostasis in transgenic poplar. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 168:447-456. [PMID: 34715569 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP450s) play crucial roles in the regulation of plant growth and response to abiotic stress. However, their functions in woody trees are still largely unknown. Previously, we reported that expression of the rice cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene OsCYP714D1 increased gibberellic acid (GA) accumulation and shoot growth in transgenic poplar. In this work, we demonstrate that expression of OsCYP714D1 improved the salt tolerance of transgenic poplar plants. Compared to wild type, plant height and K+ content were significantly higher, whereas plant growth inhibition and Na+ content were significantly lower, in transgenic plants grown under high salt stress condition. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that OsCYP714D1 expression up-regulated the expressions of GA biosynthesis, signaling and stress responsive genes in transgenic plants under both normal and high salt stress conditions. Further gene ontology (GO) analyses indicated that genes involved in plant hormone and ion metabolic activities were significantly enriched in transgenic plants. Our findings imply that OsCYP714D1 participated in the regulation of both shoot growth and salt resistance through regulating gibberellin and ion homeostasis in transgenic poplar, and it can be used as a candidate gene for the engineering of new tree varieties with improved biomass production and salt stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsheng Gao
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Huiqing Huang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Kaifeng Lu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Cuiting Wang
- Shanghai OE Biotech Co., Ltd, 1505 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zhizhong Song
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Houjun Zhou
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Lei Yang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Bei Li
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Chunyan Yu
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- The Engineering Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Ludong University, 186 Hongqizhong Road, Yantai, 264025, China.
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30
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Han H, Adamowski M, Qi L, Alotaibi SS, Friml J. PIN-mediated polar auxin transport regulations in plant tropic responses. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:510-522. [PMID: 34254313 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Tropisms, growth responses to environmental stimuli such as light or gravity, are spectacular examples of adaptive plant development. The plant hormone auxin serves as a major coordinative signal. The PIN auxin exporters, through their dynamic polar subcellular localizations, redirect auxin fluxes in response to environmental stimuli and the resulting auxin gradients across organs underlie differential cell elongation and bending. In this review, we discuss recent advances concerning regulations of PIN polarity during tropisms, focusing on PIN phosphorylation and trafficking. We also cover how environmental cues regulate PIN actions during tropisms, as well as the crucial role of auxin feedback on PIN polarity during bending termination. Finally, the interactions between different tropisms are reviewed to understand plant adaptive growth in the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Han
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
- Research Center for Plant Functional Genes and Tissue Culture Technology, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Maciek Adamowski
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Linlin Qi
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
| | - Saqer S Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, Taif University, PO Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiří Friml
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, 3400, Austria
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Saini S, Kaur N, Marothia D, Singh B, Singh V, Gantet P, Pati PK. Morphological Analysis, Protein Profiling and Expression Analysis of Auxin Homeostasis Genes of Roots of Two Contrasting Cultivars of Rice Provide Inputs on Mechanisms Involved in Rice Adaptation towards Salinity Stress. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081544. [PMID: 34451587 PMCID: PMC8399380 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Plants remodel their root architecture in response to a salinity stress stimulus. This process is regulated by an array of factors including phytohormones, particularly auxin. In the present study, in order to better understand the mechanisms involved in salinity stress adaptation in rice, we compared two contrasting rice cultivars—Luna Suvarna, a salt tolerant, and IR64, a salt sensitive cultivar. Phenotypic investigations suggested that Luna Suvarna in comparison with IR64 presented stress adaptive root traits which correlated with a higher accumulation of auxin in its roots. The expression level investigation of auxin signaling pathway genes revealed an increase in several auxin homeostasis genes transcript levels in Luna Suvarna compared with IR64 under salinity stress. Furthermore, protein profiling showed 18 proteins that were differentially regulated between the roots of two cultivars, and some of them were salinity stress responsive proteins found exclusively in the proteome of Luna Suvarna roots, revealing the critical role of these proteins in imparting salinity stress tolerance. This included proteins related to the salt overly sensitive pathway, root growth, the reactive oxygen species scavenging system, and abscisic acid activation. Taken together, our results highlight that Luna Suvarna involves a combination of morphological and molecular traits of the root system that could prime the plant to better tolerate salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Navdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Deeksha Marothia
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Baldev Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Pascal Gantet
- Université de Montpellier, UMR DIADE, Centre de Recherche de l’IRD, Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, CEDEX 5, 34394 Montpellier, France
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (P.K.P.)
| | - Pratap Kumar Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India; (S.S.); (N.K.); (D.M.); (B.S.); (V.S.)
- Correspondence: (P.G.); (P.K.P.)
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Smolko A, Bauer N, Pavlović I, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Salopek-Sondi B. Altered Root Growth, Auxin Metabolism and Distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana Exposed to Salt and Osmotic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157993. [PMID: 34360759 PMCID: PMC8348202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt and osmotic stress are the main abiotic stress factors affecting plant root growth and architecture. We investigated the effect of salt (100 mM NaCl) and osmotic (200 mM mannitol) stress on the auxin metabolome by UHPLC-MS/MS, auxin distribution by confocal microscopy, and transcript levels of selected genes by qRT-PCR in Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia-0 (Col-0) and DR5rev::GFP (DR5) line. During long-term stress (13 days), a stability of the auxin metabolome and a tendency to increase indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were observed, especially during salt stress. Short-term stress (3 h) caused significant changes in the auxin metabolome, especially NaCl treatment resulted in a significant reduction of IAA. The data derived from auxin profiling were consistent with gene expressions showing the most striking changes in the transcripts of YUC, GH3, and UGT transcripts, suggesting disruption of auxin biosynthesis, but especially in the processes of amide and ester conjugation. These data were consistent with the auxin distribution observed in the DR5 line. Moreover, NaCl treatment caused a redistribution of auxin signals from the quiescent center and the inner layers of the root cap to the epidermal and cortical cells of the root elongation zone. The distribution of PIN proteins was also disrupted by salt stress; in particular, PIN2 was suppressed, even after 5 min of treatment. Based on our results, the DR5 line was more sensitive to the applied stresses than Col-0, although both lines showed similar trends in root morphology, as well as transcriptome and metabolome parameters under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Smolko
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
| | - Nataša Bauer
- Department for Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (I.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-1-4561-143
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Khan MA, Hamayun M, Asaf S, Khan M, Yun BW, Kang SM, Lee IJ. Rhizospheric Bacillus spp. Rescues Plant Growth Under Salinity Stress via Regulating Gene Expression, Endogenous Hormones, and Antioxidant System of Oryza sativa L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:665590. [PMID: 34177981 PMCID: PMC8226221 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.665590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinity has drastically reduced crop yields and harmed the global agricultural industry. We isolated 55 bacterial strains from plants inhabiting the coastal sand dunes of Pohang, Korea. A screening bioassay showed that 14 of the bacterial isolates secreted indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 12 isolates were capable of exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and phosphate solubilization, and 10 isolates secreted siderophores. Based on our preliminary screening, 11 bacterial isolates were tested for salinity tolerance on Luria-Bertani (LB) media supplemented with 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM of NaCl. Three bacterial isolates, ALT11, ALT12, and ALT30, had the best tolerance against elevated NaCl levels and were selected for further study. Inoculation of the selected bacterial isolates significantly enhanced rice growth attributes, viz., shoot length (22.8-42.2%), root length (28.18-59%), fresh biomass (44.7-66.41%), dry biomass (85-90%), chlorophyll content (18.30-36.15%), Chl a (29.02-60.87%), Chl b (30.86-64.51%), and carotenoid content (26.86-70%), under elevated salt stress of 70 and 140 mM. Furthermore, a decrease in the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content (27.9-23%) and endogenous salicylic acid (SA) levels (11.70-69.19%) was observed in inoculated plants. Antioxidant analysis revealed an increase in total protein (TP) levels (42.57-68.26%), whereas it revealed a decrease in polyphenol peroxidase (PPO) (24.63-34.57%), glutathione (GSH) (25.53-24.91%), SOA (13.88-18.67%), and LPO levels (15.96-26.06%) of bacterial-inoculated plants. Moreover, an increase in catalase (CAT) (26-33.04%), peroxidase (POD) (59.55-78%), superoxide dismutase (SOD) (13.58-27.77%), and ascorbic peroxidase (APX) (5.76-22.74%) activity was observed. Additionally, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis showed a decline in Na+ content (24.11 and 30.60%) and an increase in K+ (23.14 and 15.45%) and Mg+ (2.82 and 18.74%) under elevated salt stress. OsNHX1 gene expression was downregulated (0.3 and 4.1-folds), whereas the gene expression of OsPIN1A, OsCATA, and OsAPX1 was upregulated by a 7-17-fold in bacterial-inoculated rice plants. It was concluded that the selected bacterial isolates, ALT11, ALT12, and ALT30, mitigated the adverse effects of salt stress on rice growth and can be used as climate smart agricultural tools in ecofriendly agricultural practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aaqil Khan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Murtaza Khan
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wook Yun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Sang-Mo Kang
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In-Jung Lee
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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Sadau SB, Ahmad A, Tajo SM, Ibrahim S, Kazeem BB, Wei H, Yu S. Overexpression of GhMPK3 from Cotton Enhances Cold, Drought, and Salt Stress in Arabidopsis. AGRONOMY 2021; 11:1049. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11061049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cotton production is hampered by a variety of abiotic stresses that wreak havoc on the growth and development of plants, resulting in significant financial losses. According to reports, cotton production areas have declined around the world as a result of the ongoing stress. Therefore, plant breeding programs are concentrating on abiotic stress-tolerant cotton varieties. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in plant growth, stress responses, and the hormonal signaling pathway. In this research, three abiotic stresses (cold, drought, and salt) were analyzed on GhMPK3 transformed Arabidopsis plants. The transgenic plant’s gene expression and morphologic analysis were studied under cold, drought, and salt stress. Physiological parameters such as relative leaf water content, excised leaf water loss, chlorophyll content, and ion leakage showed that overexpressed plants possess more stable content under stress conditions compared with the WT plants. Furthermore, GhMPK3 overexpressed plants had greater antioxidant activities and weaker oxidant activities. Silencing GhMPK3 in cotton inhibited its tolerance to drought stress. Our research findings strongly suggest that GhMPK3 can be regarded as an essential gene for abiotic stress tolerance in cotton plants.
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Quamruzzaman M, Manik SMN, Shabala S, Zhou M. Improving Performance of Salt-Grown Crops by Exogenous Application of Plant Growth Regulators. Biomolecules 2021; 11:788. [PMID: 34073871 PMCID: PMC8225067 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses restricting plant growth and development. Application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) is a possible practical means for minimizing salinity-induced yield losses, and can be used in addition to or as an alternative to crop breeding for enhancing salinity tolerance. The PGRs auxin, cytokinin, nitric oxide, brassinosteroid, gibberellin, salicylic acid, abscisic acid, jasmonate, and ethylene have been advocated for practical use to improve crop performance and yield under saline conditions. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the effectiveness of various PGRs in ameliorating the detrimental effects of salinity on plant growth and development, and elucidates the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying this process by linking PGRs with their downstream targets and signal transduction pathways. It is shown that, while each of these PGRs possesses an ability to alter plant ionic and redox homeostasis, the complexity of interactions between various PGRs and their involvement in numerous signaling pathways makes it difficult to establish an unequivocal causal link between PGRs and their downstream effectors mediating plants' adaptation to salinity. The beneficial effects of PGRs are also strongly dependent on genotype, the timing of application, and the concentration used. The action spectrum of PGRs is also strongly dependent on salinity levels. Taken together, this results in a rather narrow "window" in which the beneficial effects of PGR are observed, hence limiting their practical application (especially under field conditions). It is concluded that, in the light of the above complexity, and also in the context of the cost-benefit analysis, crop breeding for salinity tolerance remains a more reliable avenue for minimizing the impact of salinity on plant growth and yield. Further progress in the field requires more studies on the underlying cell-based mechanisms of interaction between PGRs and membrane transporters mediating plant ion homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Quamruzzaman
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
| | - S. M. Nuruzzaman Manik
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Prospect 7250, Australia; (M.Q.); (S.M.N.M.); (S.S.)
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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Zheng H, Sun X, Li J, Song Y, Song J, Wang F, Liu L, Zhang X, Sui N. Analysis of N 6-methyladenosine reveals a new important mechanism regulating the salt tolerance of sweet sorghum. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110801. [PMID: 33568300 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is the most common internal post-transcriptional modification, with important regulatory effects on RNA export, splicing, stability, and translation. Studies on the m6A modifications in plants have focused on Arabidopsis thaliana growth and development. However, A. thaliana is a salt-sensitive and model plant species. Thus, studies aimed at characterizing the role of the m6A modification in the salt stress responses of highly salt-tolerant crop species are needed. Sweet sorghum is cultivated as an energy and forage crop, which is highly suitable for growth on saline-alkaline land. Exploring the m6A modification in sweet sorghum may be important for elucidating the salt-resistance mechanism of crops. In this study, we mapped the m6A modifications in two sorghum genotypes (salt-tolerant M-81E and salt-sensitive Roma) that differ regarding salt tolerance. The m6A modification in sweet sorghum under salt stress was drastically altered, especially in Roma, where the m6A modification on mRNAs of some salt-resistant related transcripts increased, resulting in enhanced mRNA stability, which in turn was involved in the regulation of salt tolerance in sweet sorghum. Although m6A modifications are important for regulating sweet sorghum salt tolerance, the regulatory activity is limited by the initial m6A modification level. Additionally, in M-81E and Roma, the differences in the m6A modifications were much greater than the differences in gene expression levels and are more sensitive. Our study suggests that the number and extent of m6A modifications on the transcripts of salt-resistance genes may be important factors for determining and assessing the salt tolerance of crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxiang Zheng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jinlu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Yushuang Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Jie Song
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Luning Liu
- College of Marine Life Sciences, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Xiansheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Na Sui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, China.
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Xing B, Gu C, Zhang T, Zhang Q, Yu Q, Jiang J, Liu G. Functional Study of BpPP2C1 Revealed Its Role in Salt Stress in Betula platyphylla. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:617635. [PMID: 33519877 PMCID: PMC7841333 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.617635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
PP2C protein phosphatase family is one of the largest gene families in the plant genome. Many PP2C family members are involved in the regulation of abiotic stress. We found that BpPP2C1 gene has highly up-regulated in root under salt stress in Betula platyphylla. Thus, transgenic plants of Betula platyphylla with overexpression and knockout of BpPP2C1 gene were generated using a zygote transformation system. Under NaCl stress treatment, we measured the phenotypic traits of transgenic plants, chlorophyll-fluorescence parameters, peroxidase (POD) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. We found that BpPP2C1 overexpressed lines showed obvious salt tolerance, while BpPP2C1 knocked out plants were sensitive to salt stress. Transcriptome analysis identified significantly amount of differentially expressed genes associated with salt stress in BpPP2C1 transgenic lines, especially genes in abscisic acid signaling pathway, flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, oxidative stress and anion transport. Functional study of BpPP2C1 in Betula platyphylla revealed its role in salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyue Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Chenrui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianxu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Qibin Yu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Jing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Guifeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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Nakamura C, Takenaka S, Nitta M, Yamamoto M, Kawazoe T, Ono S, Takenaka M, Inoue K, Takenaka S, Kawai S. High sensitivity of roots to salt stress as revealed by novel tip bioassay in wheat seedlings. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1852890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Nakamura
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shotaro Takenaka
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nitta
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mikio Yamamoto
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kawazoe
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ono
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Motoki Takenaka
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazuma Inoue
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shotaro Takenaka
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shingo Kawai
- Department of Plant Life Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
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López-Ruiz BA, Zluhan-Martínez E, Sánchez MDLP, Álvarez-Buylla ER, Garay-Arroyo A. Interplay between Hormones and Several Abiotic Stress Conditions on Arabidopsis thaliana Primary Root Development. Cells 2020; 9:E2576. [PMID: 33271980 PMCID: PMC7759812 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants must adjust their growth to withstand several environmental conditions. The root is a crucial organ for plant survival as it is responsible for water and nutrient acquisition from the soil and has high phenotypic plasticity in response to a lack or excess of them. How plants sense and transduce their external conditions to achieve development, is still a matter of investigation and hormones play fundamental roles. Hormones are small molecules essential for plant growth and their function is modulated in response to stress environmental conditions and internal cues to adjust plant development. This review was motivated by the need to explore how Arabidopsis thaliana primary root differentially sense and transduce external conditions to modify its development and how hormone-mediated pathways contribute to achieve it. To accomplish this, we discuss available data of primary root growth phenotype under several hormone loss or gain of function mutants or exogenous application of compounds that affect hormone concentration in several abiotic stress conditions. This review shows how different hormones could promote or inhibit primary root development in A. thaliana depending on their growth in several environmental conditions. Interestingly, the only hormone that always acts as a promoter of primary root development is gibberellins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Anabel López-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - Estephania Zluhan-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - María de la Paz Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
| | - Elena R. Álvarez-Buylla
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Adriana Garay-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Desarrollo y Evolución de Plantas, Departamento de Ecología Funcional, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico; (B.A.L.-R.); (E.Z.-M.); (M.d.l.P.S.); (E.R.Á.-B.)
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Bogoutdinova LR, Lazareva EM, Chaban IA, Kononenko NV, Dilovarova T, Khaliluev MR, Kurenina LV, Gulevich AA, Smirnova EA, Baranova EN. Salt Stress-Induced Structural Changes Are Mitigated in Transgenic Tomato Plants Over-Expressing Superoxide Dismutase. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E297. [PMID: 32962161 PMCID: PMC7564123 DOI: 10.3390/biology9090297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Various abiotic stresses cause the appearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells, which seriously damage the cellular structures. The engineering of transgenic plants with higher production of ROS-scavenging enzyme in plant cells could protect the integrity of such a fine intracellular structure as the cytoskeleton and each cellular compartment. We analyzed the morphological changes in root tip cells caused by the application of iso-osmotic NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions to tomato plants harboring an introduced superoxide dismutase gene. To study the roots of tomato plants cultivar Belyi Naliv (WT) and FeSOD-transgenic line, we examined the distribution of ROS and enzyme-linked immunosorbent detection of α-tubulin. In addition, longitudinal sections of the root apexes were compared. Transmission electronic microscopy of atypical cytoskeleton structures was also performed. The differences in the microtubules cortical network between WT and transgenic plants without salt stress were detected. The differences were found in the cortical network of microtubules between WT and transgenic plants in the absence of salt stress. While an ordered microtubule network was revealed in the root cells of WT tomato, no such degree of ordering was detected in transgenic line cells. The signs of microtubule disorganization in root cells of WT plants were manifested under the NaCl treatment. On the contrary, the cytoskeleton structural organization in the transgenic line cells was more ordered. Similar changes, including the cortical microtubules disorganization, possibly associated with the formation of atypical tubulin polymers as a response to salt stress caused by Na2SO4 treatment, were also observed. Changes in cell size, due to both vacuolization and impaired cell expansion in columella zone and cap initials, were responsible for the root tip tissue modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya R. Bogoutdinova
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.R.B.); (E.M.L.); (I.A.C.); (N.V.K.); (T.D.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Elena M. Lazareva
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.R.B.); (E.M.L.); (I.A.C.); (N.V.K.); (T.D.); (E.A.S.)
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Building 40, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna A. Chaban
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.R.B.); (E.M.L.); (I.A.C.); (N.V.K.); (T.D.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Neonila V. Kononenko
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.R.B.); (E.M.L.); (I.A.C.); (N.V.K.); (T.D.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Tatyana Dilovarova
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.R.B.); (E.M.L.); (I.A.C.); (N.V.K.); (T.D.); (E.A.S.)
| | - Marat R. Khaliluev
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.K.); (L.V.K.)
- Agronomy and Biotechnology Faculty, Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Russian State Agrarian University, Timiryazevskaya 49, 127550 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila V. Kurenina
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.K.); (L.V.K.)
| | - Alexander A. Gulevich
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (M.R.K.); (L.V.K.)
| | - Elena A. Smirnova
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.R.B.); (E.M.L.); (I.A.C.); (N.V.K.); (T.D.); (E.A.S.)
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Building 40, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Baranova
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia; (L.R.B.); (E.M.L.); (I.A.C.); (N.V.K.); (T.D.); (E.A.S.)
- N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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Loubser J, Hills P. The Application of a Commercially Available Citrus-Based Extract Mitigates Moderate NaCl-Stress in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E1010. [PMID: 32785013 PMCID: PMC7465524 DOI: 10.3390/plants9081010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to assess the effect of BC204 as a plant biostimulant on Arabidopsis thaliana plants under normal and NaCl-stressed conditions. METHODS For this study, ex vitro and in vitro growth experiments were conducted to assess the effect of both NaCl and BC204 on basic physiological parameters such as biomass, chlorophyll, proline, malondialdehyde, stomatal conductivity, Fv/Fm and the expression of four NaCl-responsive genes. RESULTS This study provides preliminary evidence that BC204 mitigates salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. BC204 treatment increased chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weights, whilst reducing proline, anthocyanin and malondialdehyde content in the presence of 10 dS·m-1 electroconductivity (EC) salt stress. Stomatal conductivity was also reduced by BC204 and NaCl in source leaves. In addition, BC204 had a significant effect on the expression of salinity-related genes, stimulating the expression of salinity-related genes RD29A and SOS1 independently of NaCl-stress. CONCLUSIONS BC204 stimulated plant growth under normal growth conditions by increasing above-ground shoot tissue and root and shoot growth in vitro. BC204 also increased chlorophyll content while reducing stomatal conductivity. BC204 furthermore mitigated moderate to severe salt stress (10-20 dS·m-1) in A. thaliana. Under salt stress conditions, BC204 reduced the levels of proline, anthocyanin and malondialdehyde. The exact mechanism by which this occurs is unknown, but the results in this study suggest that BC204 may act as a priming agent, stimulating the expression of genes such as SOS1 and RD29A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Loubser
- Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa;
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Ribba T, Garrido-Vargas F, O'Brien JA. Auxin-mediated responses under salt stress: from developmental regulation to biotechnological applications. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:3843-3853. [PMID: 32433743 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to multiple abiotic stresses commonly found in nature. To survive, plants have developed complex responses that involve genetic, epigenetic, cellular, and morphological modifications. Among different environmental cues, salt stress has emerged as a critical problem contributing to yield losses and marked reductions in crop production. Moreover, as the climate changes, it is expected that salt stress will have a significant impact on crop production in the agroindustry. On a mechanistic level, salt stress is known to be regulated by the crosstalk of many signaling molecules such as phytohormones, with auxin having been described as a key mediator of the process. Auxin plays an important role in plant developmental responses and stress, modulating a complex balance of biosynthesis, transport, and signaling that among other things, finely tune physiological changes in plant architecture and Na+ accumulation. In this review, we describe current knowledge on auxin's role in modulating the salt stress response. We also discuss recent and potential biotechnological approaches to tackling salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ribba
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Garrido-Vargas
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Antonio O'Brien
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas and Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
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44
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Zhang W, Wang N, Yang J, Guo H, Liu Z, Zheng X, Li S, Xiang F. The salt-induced transcription factor GmMYB84 confers salinity tolerance in soybean. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 291:110326. [PMID: 31928665 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor activation and DNA methylation are important plant responses to abiotic stress. Here, we established that the salinity stress-induced expression of the soybean (Glycine max) transcription factor-encoding gene GmMYB84 relies on DNA methylation. The level of DNA methylation at sequences 690 nt to 950 nt upstream of the GmMYB84 transcription initiation codon was markedly reduced in plants exposed to salinity stress, resulting in a higher abundance of transcripts. When challenged with salinity stress, plants constitutively expressing GmMYB84 outperformed untransformed plants with respect to their germination rate, primary root elongation, proline accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, membrane integrity, and K+ levels. Arabidopsis thaliana plants heterologously expressing GmMYB84 were more tolerant to salt stress and exhibited higher germination rates than the wild type. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed that GmMYB84 binds to the cis-regulatory sequences of GmAKT1, the homolog of ARABIDOPSIS K+ TRANSPORTER 1 (AKT1). Thus, DNA methylation modulates the salinity stress-induced expression of the soybean transcription factor-encoding gene GmMYB84 and thereby confers salinity stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Nan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Jingting Yang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Hui Guo
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Xiaojian Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of the Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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45
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Sun Y, Lu Q, Cao Y, Wang M, Cheng X, Yan Q. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism of the Hairy Roots of Brassica campestris L. in Response to Cadmium Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010180. [PMID: 31888010 PMCID: PMC6981690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassica campestris L., a hyperaccumulator of cadmium (Cd), is considered a candidate plant for efficient phytoremediation. The hairy roots of Brassica campestris L are chosen here as a model plant system to investigate the response mechanism of Brassica campestris L. to Cd stress. High-throughput sequencing technology is used to identify genes related to Cd tolerance. A total of 2394 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are identified by RNA-Seq analysis, among which 1564 genes are up-regulated, and 830 genes are down-regulated. Data from the gene ontology (GO) analysis indicate that DEGs are mainly involved in metabolic processes. Glutathione metabolism, in which glutathione synthetase and glutathione S-transferase are closely related to Cd stress, is identified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. A Western blot shows that glutathione synthetase and glutathione S-transferase are involved in Cd tolerance. These results provide a preliminary understanding of the Cd tolerance mechanism of Brassica campestris L. and are, hence, of particular importance to the future development of an efficient phytoremediation process based on hairy root cultures, genetic modification, and the subsequent regeneration of the whole plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiyu Cheng
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Q.Y.); Tel.: +86-138-1027-4418 (X.C.); +86-138-1093-8871 (Q.Y.)
| | - Qiong Yan
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (Q.Y.); Tel.: +86-138-1027-4418 (X.C.); +86-138-1093-8871 (Q.Y.)
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