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Manser P, de Bruin ED. Test-retest reliability and validity of vagally-mediated heart rate variability to monitor internal training load in older adults: a within-subjects (repeated-measures) randomized study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2024; 16:141. [PMID: 38926777 PMCID: PMC11210148 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00929-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vagally-mediated heart rate variability (vm-HRV) shows promise as a biomarker of internal training load (ITL) during exergame-based training or motor-cognitive training in general. This study evaluated the test-retest reliability of vm-HRV during exergaming in healthy older adults (HOA) and its validity to monitor ITL. METHODS A within-subjects (repeated-measures) randomized study was conducted that included baseline assessments and 4 measurement sessions. Participants played 5 exergames at 3 standardized levels of external task demands (i.e., "easy", "challenging", and "excessive") in random order for 90 s. Test-retest reliability was assessed on the basis of repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVA), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC3,1), standard errors of measurement (SEM), and smallest detectable differences (SDD). Validity was determined by examining the effect of game level on vm-HRV in the ANOVA. RESULTS Fourty-three HOA (67.0 ± 7.0 years; 58.1% females (25 females, 18 males); body mass index = 23.7 ± 3.0 kg·m-2) were included. Mean R-R time intervals (mRR) and parasympathetic nervous system tone index (PNS-Index) exhibited mostly good to excellent relative test-retest reliability with no systematic error. Mean SEM% and SDD% were 36.4% and 100.7% for mRR, and 44.6% and 123.7% for PNS-Index, respectively. Significant differences in mRR and PNS-Index were observed between standardized levels of external task demands, with mostly large effect sizes (mean r = 0.847). These results persisted irrespective of the type of neurocognitive domain trained and when only motoric and cognitive demands were manipulated while physical intensity was kept constant. The remaining vm-HRV parameters showed inconsistent or poor reliability and validity. CONCLUSION Only mRR and PNS-Index demonstrated reliable measurement and served as valid biomarkers for ITL during exergaming at a group level. Nonetheless, the presence of large SEMs hampers the detection of individual changes over time and suggests insufficient precision of these measurements at the individual level. Future research should further investigate the reliability and validity of vm-HRV with a specific focus on comparing different measurement methodologies and exercise conditions, particularly focusing on ultra-short-term HRV measurements, and investigate the potential implications (i.e., superiority to other markers of ITL or monitoring strategies?) of using vm-HRV as a biomarker of ITL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Manser
- Motor Control and Learning Group, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Motor Control and Learning Group, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health, OST - Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Huber SK, Manser P, de Bruin ED. PEMOCS: theory derivation of a concept for PErsonalized MOtor-Cognitive exergame training in chronic Stroke-a methodological paper with an application example. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1397949. [PMID: 38915297 PMCID: PMC11194322 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1397949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coping with residual cognitive and gait impairments is a prominent unmet need in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors. Motor-cognitive exergames may be promising to address this unmet need. However, many studies have so far implemented motor-cognitive exergame interventions in an unstructured manner and suitable application protocols remain yet unclear. We, therefore, aimed to summarize existing literature on this topic, and developed a training concept for motor-cognitive exergame interventions in chronic stroke. Methods The development of the training concept for personalized motor-cognitive exergame training for stroke (PEMOCS) followed Theory Derivation procedures. This comprised (1.1) a thorough (narrative) literature search on long-term stroke rehabilitation; (1.2) a wider literature search beyond the topic of interest to identify analogies, and to induce creativity; (2) the identification of parent theories; (3) the adoption of suitable content or structure of the main parent theory; and (4) the induction of modifications to adapt it to the new field of interest. We also considered several aspects of the "Framework for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions" by the Medical Research Council. Specifically, a feasibility study was conducted, and refining actions based on the findings were performed. Results A training concept for improving cognitive functions and gait in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors should consider the principles for neuroplasticity, (motor) skill learning, and training. We suggest using a step-based exergame training for at least 12 weeks, 2-3 times a week for approximately 45 min. Gentile's Taxonomy for Motor Learning was identified as suitable fundament for the personalized progression and variability rules, and extended by a third cognitive dimension. Concepts and models from related fields inspired further additions and modifications to the concept. Conclusion We propose the PEMOCS concept for improving cognitive functioning and gait in community-dwelling chronic stroke survivors, which serves as a guide for structuring and implementing motor-cognitive exergame interventions. Future research should focus on developing objective performance parameters that enable personalized progression independent of the chosen exergame type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone K. Huber
- Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Centre, Directorate of Research and Education, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Motor Control and Learning Group, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Manser
- Motor Control and Learning Group, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eling D. de Bruin
- Motor Control and Learning Group, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Health, OST—Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Agustiningsih D, Wibawa T. Demystifying roles of exercise in immune response regulation against acute respiratory infections: A narrative review. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 6:139-153. [PMID: 38708320 PMCID: PMC11067861 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefits of physical activity and exercise, especially those classified as moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA), have been well-established in preventing non-communicable diseases and mental health problems in healthy adults. However, the relationship between physical activity and exercise and the prevention and management of acute respiratory infection (ARI), a global high-burden disease, has been inconclusive. There have been debates and disagreements among scientific publications regarding the relationship between exercise and immune response against the causative agents of ARI. This narrative review aims to explore the theory that sufficiently explains the correlation between exercise, immune response, and ARI. The potential root causes of discrepancies come from research associated with the "open window" hypothesis. The studies have several limitations, and future improvements to address them are urgently needed in the study design, data collection, exercise intervention, subject recruitment, biomarkers for infection and inflammation, nutritional and metabolism status, and in addressing confounding variables. In conclusion, data support the clinical advantages of exercise have a regulatory contribution toward improving the immune response, which in turn potentially protects humans fromARI. However, the hypothesis related to its negative effect must be adopted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny Agustiningsih
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Tri Wibawa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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Titheradge P, Robergs R. Evaluating Airflow Sensor Methods: Precision in Indirect Calorimetry. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2024; 34:e14674. [PMID: 38895762 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
This study assesses the impact of three volumetric gas flow measurement methods-turbine (fT); pneumotachograph (fP), and Venturi (fV)-on predictive accuracy and precision of expired gas analysis indirect calorimetry (EGAIC) across varying exercise intensities. Six males (Age: 38 ± 8 year; Height: 178.8 ± 4.2 cm;V ̇ O 2 peak $$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_2\mathrm{peak} $$ : 42 ± 2.8 mL O2 kg-1 min-1) and 14 females (Age = 44.6 ± 9.6 year; Height = 164.6 ± 6.9 cm;V ̇ O 2 peak $$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_2\mathrm{peak} $$ = 45 ± 8.6 mL O2 kg-1 min-1) were recruited. Participants completed physical exertion on a stationary cycle ergometer for simultaneous pulmonary minute ventilation (V ̇ $$ \dot{V} $$ ) measurements and EGAIC computations. Exercise protocols and subsequent conditions involved a 5-min cycling warm-up at 25 W min-1, incremental exercise to exhaustion (V ̇ O 2 $$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_2 $$ ramp test), then a steady-state exercise bout induced by a constant Watt load equivalent to 80% ventilatory threshold (80% VT). A linear mixed model revealed that exercise intensity significantly affectedV ̇ O 2 $$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_2 $$ measurements (p < 0.0001), whereas airflow sensor method (p = 0.97) and its interaction with exercise intensity (p = 0.91) did not. Group analysis of precision yielded aV ̇ O 2 $$ \dot{V}{\mathrm{O}}_2 $$ CV % = 21%; SEM = 5 mL O2 kg-1 min-1. Intra- and interindividual analysis of precision via Bland-Altman revealed a 95% confidence interval (CI) precision benchmark of 3-5 mL kg-1 min-1. Agreement among methods decreased at power outputs elicitingV ̇ $$ \dot{V} $$ up to 150 L min-1, indicating a decrease in precision and highlighting potential challenges in interpreting biological variability, training response heterogeneity, and test-retest comparisons. These findings suggest careful consideration of airflow sensor method variance across metabolic cart configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praneel Titheradge
- School of Allied Health, Exercise & Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Robergs
- School of Exercise & Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Mizuno E, Ogasawara T, Mukaino M, Yamaguchi M, Tsukada S, Sonoda S, Otaka Y. Highlighting Unseen Activity Through 48-Hour Continuous Measurement in Subacute Stroke Rehabilitation: Preliminary Cohort Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e51546. [PMID: 38809596 PMCID: PMC11170042 DOI: 10.2196/51546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor impairments not only lead to a significant reduction in patient activity levels but also trigger a further deterioration in motor function due to deconditioning, which is an issue that is particularly pronounced during hospitalization. This deconditioning can be countered by sustaining appropriate activity levels. Activities that occur outside of scheduled programs, often overlooked, are critical in this context. Wearable technology, such as smart clothing, provides a means to monitor these activities. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to observe activity levels in patients who had strokes during the subacute phase, focusing on both scheduled training sessions and other nontraining times in an inpatient rehabilitation environment. A smart clothing system is used to simultaneously measure heart rate and acceleration, offering insights into both the amount and intensity of the physical activity. METHODS In this preliminary cohort study, 11 individuals undergoing subacute stroke rehabilitation were enrolled. The 48-hour continuous measurement system, deployed at admission and reassessed 4 weeks later, monitored accelerometry data for physical activity (quantified with a moving SD of acceleration [MSDA]) and heart rate for intensity (quantified with percent heart rate reserve). The measurements were performed using a wearable activity monitoring system, the hitoe (NTT Corporation and Toray Industries, Inc) system comprising a measuring garment (wear or strap) with integrated electrodes, a data transmitter, and a smartphone. The Functional Independence Measure was used to assess the patients' daily activity levels. This study explored factors such as differences in activity during training and nontraining periods, correlations with activities of daily living (ADLs) and age, and changes observed after 4 weeks. RESULTS A significant increase was found in the daily total MSDA after the 4-week program, with the average percent heart rate reserve remaining consistent. Physical activity during training positively correlated with ADL levels both at admission (ρ=0.86, P<.001) and 4 weeks post admission (ρ=0.96, P<.001), whereas the correlation between age and MSDA was not significant during training periods at admission (ρ=-0.41, P=.21) or 4 weeks post admission (ρ=-0.25, P=.45). Conversely, nontraining activity showed a negative correlation with age, with significant negative correlations with age at admission (ρ=-0.82, P=.002) and 4 weeks post admission (ρ=-0.73, P=.01). CONCLUSIONS Inpatient rehabilitation activity levels were positively correlated with ADL levels. Further analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between scheduled training activities and ADL levels, whereas nontraining activities showed no such correlation. Instead, a negative correlation between nontraining activities and age was observed. These observations suggest the importance of providing activity opportunities for older patients, while it may also suggest the need for adjusting the activity amount to accommodate the potentially limited fitness levels of this demographic. Future studies with larger patient groups are warranted to validate and further elucidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Mizuno
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine II, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ogasawara
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories and Bio-medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Masahiko Mukaino
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masumi Yamaguchi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories and Bio-medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Shingo Tsukada
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories and Bio-medical Informatics Research Center, NTT Corporation, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sonoda
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine II, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yohei Otaka
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine I, School of Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
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Ringleb M, Javelle F, Haunhorst S, Bloch W, Fennen L, Baumgart S, Drube S, Reuken PA, Pletz MW, Wagner H, Gabriel HHW, Puta C. Beyond muscles: Investigating immunoregulatory myokines in acute resistance exercise - A systematic review and meta-analysis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23596. [PMID: 38597350 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301619r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Myokines, released from the muscle, enable communication between the working muscles and other tissues. Their release during physical exercise is assumed to depend on immune-hormonal-metabolic interactions concerning mode (endurance or resistance exercise), duration, and intensity. This meta-analysis aims to examine the acute changes of circulating myokines inducing immunoregulatory effects caused by a bout of resistance exercise and to consider potential moderators of the results. Based on this selection strategy, a systematic literature search was conducted for resistance exercise intervention studies measuring interleukin (IL-) 6, IL-10, IL-1ra, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) α, IL-15, IL-7, transforming growth factor (TGF-) β1, and fractalkines (FKN) before and immediately after resistance exercise in healthy individuals. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for each myokine. We identified a moderate positive effect of resistance exercise for IL-6 and IL-1ra. Regarding IL-15 and TNF-α, small to moderate effects were found. For IL-10, no significant effect was observed. Due to no data, meta-analyses for IL-7, TGF-β1, and FKN could not be performed. No moderators (training status, type of exercise, risk of bias, age, sex, time of day, exercise volume, exercise intensity, exercise dose) of the results were detected for all tested myokines. Taken together, this systematic review and meta-analysis showed immediate positive effects of an acute resistance exercise session on IL-6, IL-1ra, TNF-α, and IL-15 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ringleb
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Javelle
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simon Haunhorst
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department for Molecular and Cellular Sports Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lena Fennen
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sabine Baumgart
- Institute for Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Drube
- Institute for Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Philipp A Reuken
- Clinic for Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mathias W Pletz
- Institute for Immunology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Heiko Wagner
- Department of Movement Science, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Holger H W Gabriel
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Puta
- Department of Sports Medicine and Health Promotion, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Interdisciplinary Prevention of Diseases related to Professional Activities, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
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Afonso J, Andrade R, Rocha-Rodrigues S, Nakamura FY, Sarmento H, Freitas SR, Silva AF, Laporta L, Abarghoueinejad M, Akyildiz Z, Chen R, Pizarro A, Ramirez-Campillo R, Clemente FM. What We Do Not Know About Stretching in Healthy Athletes: A Scoping Review with Evidence Gap Map from 300 Trials. Sports Med 2024:10.1007/s40279-024-02002-7. [PMID: 38457105 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-024-02002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stretching has garnered significant attention in sports sciences, resulting in numerous studies. However, there is no comprehensive overview on investigation of stretching in healthy athletes. OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic scoping review with an evidence gap map of stretching studies in healthy athletes, identify current gaps in the literature, and provide stakeholders with priorities for future research. METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 and PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. We included studies comprising healthy athletes exposed to acute and/or chronic stretching interventions. Six databases were searched (CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) until 1 January 2023. The relevant data were narratively synthesized; quantitative data summaries were provided for key data items. An evidence gap map was developed to offer an overview of the existing research and relevant gaps. RESULTS Of ~ 220,000 screened records, we included 300 trials involving 7080 athletes [mostly males (~ 65% versus ~ 20% female, and ~ 15% unreported) under 36 years of age; tiers 2 and 3 of the Participant Classification Framework] across 43 sports. Sports requiring extreme range of motion (e.g., gymnastics) were underrepresented. Most trials assessed the acute effects of stretching, with chronic effects being scrutinized in less than 20% of trials. Chronic interventions averaged 7.4 ± 5.1 weeks and never exceeded 6 months. Most trials (~ 85%) implemented stretching within the warm-up, with other application timings (e.g., post-exercise) being under-researched. Most trials examined static active stretching (62.3%), followed by dynamic stretching (38.3%) and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching (12.0%), with scarce research on alternative methods (e.g., ballistic stretching). Comparators were mostly limited to passive controls, with ~ 25% of trials including active controls (e.g., strength training). The lower limbs were primarily targeted by interventions (~ 75%). Reporting of dose was heterogeneous in style (e.g., 10 repetitions versus 10 s for dynamic stretching) and completeness of information (i.e., with disparities in the comprehensiveness of the provided information). Most trials (~ 90%) reported performance-related outcomes (mainly strength/power and range of motion); sport-specific outcomes were collected in less than 15% of trials. Biomechanical, physiological, and neural/psychological outcomes were assessed sparsely and heterogeneously; only five trials investigated injury-related outcomes. CONCLUSIONS There is room for improvement, with many areas of research on stretching being underexplored and others currently too heterogeneous for reliable comparisons between studies. There is limited representation of elite-level athletes (~ 5% tier 4 and no tier 5) and underpowered sample sizes (≤ 20 participants). Research was biased toward adult male athletes of sports not requiring extreme ranges of motion, and mostly assessed the acute effects of static active stretching and dynamic stretching during the warm-up. Dose-response relationships remain largely underexplored. Outcomes were mostly limited to general performance testing. Injury prevention and other effects of stretching remain poorly investigated. These relevant research gaps should be prioritized by funding policies. REGISTRATION OSF project ( https://osf.io/6auyj/ ) and registration ( https://osf.io/gu8ya ).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Afonso
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica Espregueira-FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
- Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
- Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Alvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Tumour and Microenvironment Interactions Group, INEB-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-153, Porto, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Fábio Yuzo Nakamura
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), University of Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandro R Freitas
- Laboratório de Função Neuromuscular, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Portugal
| | - Ana Filipa Silva
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Alvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Laporta
- Núcleo de Estudos em Performance Analysis Esportiva (NEPAE/UFSM), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, nº 1000, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, Santa Maria, RS, CEP: 97105-900, Brazil
| | | | - Zeki Akyildiz
- Sports Science Faculty, Department of Coaching Education, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation, and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Pizarro
- Faculty of Sport, Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, School of Physical Therapy. Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, 7591538, Santiago, Chile
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun'Alvares, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center, 4900-347, Viana do Castelo, Portugal
- Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336, Gdańsk, Poland
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Begega A, López M, Cuesta-López I, Jove CI, Izquierdo MC. Physical activity as a promoter of stress resilience: An analysis of behavioral effects and brain connectivity with cytochrome c-oxidase activity in adult male Wistar rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 236:173709. [PMID: 38244863 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) is very beneficial for physical and mental health. This study aims to examine the resilience-inducting effect of PA in adult male Wistar rats exposed to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). Furthermore, we analyzed the influence of PA on behavioral tasks and functional brain connectivity with cytochrome c oxidase technique. The cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in oxidative phosphorylation and ATP generation. For this analysis, we included five groups: Basal (n = 10, to determine the basal level of brain activity), Behav (n = 15, subjected exclusively to behavioral tests), PA (n = 10, exposed to physical activity), UCMS (n = 15, subjected to a stress protocol) and PA + UCMS (n = 15, exposed to PA prior to stress). The UCMS protocol consisted of randomly presenting several different stressors over four consecutive weeks. We evaluated several behaviors of the Behav, UCMS, and PA + UCMS groups. This assessment includes the hedonic responses using the sucrose consumption task, unconditioned anxiety with the zero maze, and coping strategies assessed with the cat odor test. The UCMS group showed an anhedonia profile and increased anxiety compared with the other groups. Although in the exposure to cat odor test, the PA + UCMS remained for the same time in the cat odor compartment as the other groups, it did not approach the odor, showing that it detected the risk. This response is more adaptive than the responses of the UCMS and Behav groups. An exploratory analysis of the cerebral connections showed an increase in CCO activity in the UCMS group compared to the other groups. This overactivity was reduced in dorsal Cornu Ammonis 3(dCA3) by prior PA. In this region, PA + UCMS showed similar activity as the groups not subjected to chronic stress. Therefore, PA can prevent the harmful effects of chronic stress on dCA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azucena Begega
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience of Principality of Asturias, INEUROPA, Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Matías López
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience of Principality of Asturias, INEUROPA, Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ignacio Cuesta-López
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience of Principality of Asturias INEUROPA, Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Claudia I Jove
- Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedicine of Sevilla, IBIS, Avda. Manuel Siurot, s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marcelino Cuesta Izquierdo
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Neuroscience of Principality of Asturias, INEUROPA, Faculty of Psychology, Plaza Feijoo s/n, 33003 Oviedo, Spain
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9
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Wollesen B, Herden M, Lamberti N, Giannaki CD. Defining and reporting exercise intensity in interventions for older adults: a modified Delphi process. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2024; 21:3. [PMID: 38302886 PMCID: PMC10835929 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-024-00337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many exercise studies, including older adults, do not report all relevant exercise characteristics. Especially the description of exercise intensity is missing and mostly not controlled. This leads to difficulties in interpreting study results and summarizing the evidence in systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Therefore, the aim of the present Delphi study was to gain recommendations about the categorization of exercise intensity and for the conducting and reporting of characteristics in future intervention studies with older adults by experts in exercise science and physiology. METHODS Two hundred ninety-seven international interdisciplinary participants from an EU COST action were invited to participate in three rounds of online questionnaires in April/May 2023. Up to N = 93 experts participated in each round. Round 1 included open-ended questions to solicit possible recommendations and categorizations for light, moderate, vigorous, and high intensity. In round 2, the experts rated their agreement using Likert scales (1-10) on the revealed categories and recommendations. Clusters with a higher average rating of M = 8.0 were summarized into round 3. In the final round, the results were presented for a final rating of agreement (based on a simple majority > 50%). RESULTS In round 1 a total of 416 qualitative statements were provided from thirteen questions. From round 1 to round 3, a total of 38 items were excluded, with 205 items retained for the final consensus. In round three 37 participants completed the whole questionnaire. The experts showed overall agreement on the final categorizations with 6.7 to 8.8 out of 10 points on the Likert scale. They also showed broad consensus on the relevance of reporting exercise intensity and the recommendations for future conducting and reporting of study results. However, exercise types such as yoga, balance, and coordination training led to conflicting results for categorization into light or moderate. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS The results of the current survey can be used to classify the intensity of exercise and suggest a practical approach that can be adopted by the scientific community and applied when conducting systematic reviews and meta-analysis articles when vital and objective information regarding exercise intensity is lacking from the original article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Wollesen
- Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Mona Herden
- Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Lamberti
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Christoforos D Giannaki
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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10
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Herold F, Theobald P, Gronwald T, Kaushal N, Zou L, de Bruin ED, Bherer L, Müller NG. Alexa, let's train now! - A systematic review and classification approach to digital and home-based physical training interventions aiming to support healthy cognitive aging. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2024; 13:30-46. [PMID: 36736727 PMCID: PMC10818117 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is mounting evidence that regular physical activity is an important prerequisite for healthy cognitive aging. Consequently, the finding that almost one-third of the adult population does not reach the recommended level of regular physical activity calls for further public health actions. In this context, digital and home-based physical training interventions might be a promising alternative to center-based intervention programs. Thus, this systematic review aimed to summarize the current state of the literature on the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on adult cognitive performance. METHODS In this pre-registered systematic review (PROSPERO; ID: CRD42022320031), 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane Library) were searched by 2 independent researchers (FH and PT) to identify eligible studies investigating the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on cognitive performance in adults. The systematic literature search yielded 8258 records (extra 17 records from other sources), of which 27 controlled trials were considered relevant. Two reviewers (FH and PT) independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the Tool for the assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in EXercise (TESTEX scale). RESULTS Of the 27 reviewed studies, 15 reported positive effects on cognitive and motor-cognitive outcomes (i.e., performance improvements in measures of executive functions, working memory, and choice stepping reaction test), and a considerable heterogeneity concerning study-related, population-related, and intervention-related characteristics was noticed. A more detailed analysis suggests that, in particular, interventions using online classes and technology-based exercise devices (i.e., step-based exergames) can improve cognitive performance in healthy older adults. Approximately one-half of the reviewed studies were rated as having a high risk of bias with respect to completion adherence (≤85%) and monitoring of the level of regular physical activity in the control group. CONCLUSION The current state of evidence concerning the effectiveness of digital and home-based physical training interventions is mixed overall, though there is limited evidence that specific types of digital and home-based physical training interventions (e.g., online classes and step-based exergames) can be an effective strategy for improving cognitive performance in older adults. However, due to the limited number of available studies, future high-quality studies are needed to buttress this assumption empirically and to allow for more solid and nuanced conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Paula Theobald
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg 20457, Germany
| | - Navin Kaushal
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Liye Zou
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden; Department of Health, OST - Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, St. Gallen 9001, Switzerland
| | - Louis Bherer
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Geriatrie de Montreal, Montreal, QC H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany; Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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11
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Fogarty JS, Goodwill AM, Tan AL, Tan SHJ. Student arousal, engagement, and emotion relative to Physical Education periods in school. Trends Neurosci Educ 2023; 33:100215. [PMID: 38049294 DOI: 10.1016/j.tine.2023.100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has transient effects on cognition and mood, however the impact of Physical Education (PE) on cognitive and affective processes across the school day has not been examined. METHOD This study used wearables and questionnaires to track student arousal, engagement, and emotion across school days/periods following PE. Skin conductance, heart rate, heart rate variability, and self-reported engagement, arousal, and valence were analyzed for 23 students (age 15-17 years) on days with and without PE. RESULTS Sympathetic arousal was significantly higher for two hours following PE and there were stronger decreases in arousal across other classes relative to days without PE. On days with PE, engagement decreased, whereas valence increased from morning to afternoon. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the importance of considering acute effects of PE on learning across the entire school day, and demonstrates the feasibility of wearables to clarify how the timing of PE could positively or negatively affect self-regulation and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack S Fogarty
- Science of Learning in Education Centre, Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore.
| | - Alicia M Goodwill
- Physical Education and Sports Science Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Aik Lim Tan
- Science of Learning in Education Centre, Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore
| | - S H Jessica Tan
- Science of Learning in Education Centre, Office of Education Research, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, 637616, Singapore
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12
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Kjellberg A, Lindholm ME, Zheng X, Liwenborg L, Rodriguez-Wallberg KA, Catrina SB, Lindholm P. Comparing the Blood Response to Hyperbaric Oxygen with High-Intensity Interval Training-A Crossover Study in Healthy Volunteers. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2043. [PMID: 38136163 PMCID: PMC10740875 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and have immunomodulatory effects. The lack of readily available biomarkers for assessing the dose-response relationship is a challenge in the clinical use of HBOT, motivating this feasibility study to evaluate the methods and variability. The overall hypothesis was that a short session of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) would have measurable effects on immune cells in the same physiological range as shown in HIIT; and that the individual response to these interventions can be monitored in venous blood and/or peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Ten healthy volunteers performed two interventions; a 28 min HIIT session and 28 min HBO2 in a crossover design. We evaluated bulk RNA sequencing data from PBMCs, with a separate analysis of mRNA and microRNA. Blood gases, peripheral venous oxygen saturation (SpvO2), and ROS levels were measured in peripheral venous blood. We observed an overlap in the gene expression changes in 166 genes in response to HIIT and HBO2, mostly involved in hypoxic or inflammatory pathways. Both interventions were followed by downregulation of several NF-κB signaling genes in response to both HBO2 and HIIT, while several interferon α/γ signaling genes were upregulated. Only 12 microRNA were significantly changed in HBO2 and 6 in HIIT, without overlap between interventions. ROS levels were elevated in blood at 30 min and 60 min compared to the baseline during HIIT, but not during/after HBO2. In conclusion, HBOT changed the gene expression in a number of pathways measurable in PBMC. The correlation of these changes with the dose and individual response to treatment warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Kjellberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.)
- Medical Unit Intensive Care and Thoracic Surgery, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maléne E. Lindholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lovisa Liwenborg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.)
| | - Kenny Alexandra Rodriguez-Wallberg
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sergiu-Bogdan Catrina
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lindholm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden (P.L.)
- Division of Hyperbaric Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Bang-Kittilsen G, Egeland J, Ueland T, Andersen E, Bigseth TT, Holmen TL, Mordal J, Holst R, Engh JA. The relationship between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neurocognitive response to physical exercise in individuals with schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2023; 157:106356. [PMID: 37562099 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical exercise can improve neurocognition in individuals with schizophrenia, presumably by facilitating neuroplasticity. There is, however, large inter-individual variation in response. The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been proposed to mediate these effects. The current aim was to investigate the sparsely studied relationship between peripheral resting BDNF and neurocognitive response to physical exercise in individuals with schizophrenia. METHOD The current study reports secondary analyses of data from a randomized controlled trial (RCT), ClinicalTrials.gov number 02205684, recently reported according to the CONSORT guidelines. Eighty-two individuals with schizophrenia (mean age 37 ± 14 years old, 61% men) were randomly allocated to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or a comparison group performing low-intensity active video gaming (AVG). Both interventions consisted of 2 sessions/week for 12 weeks. In previously published primary RCT analyses, HIIT and AVG showed comparable small to moderate improvements in neurocognition. We now address the inter-individual variability in neurocognitive response. We apply mediation and moderation analyses for repeated measures designs (MEMORE) and mixed effects models. RESULTS Baseline neurocognition was not significantly correlated with baseline levels of mature BDNF (baseline-mBDNF) or the precursor proBDNF. Nonetheless, baseline-mBDNF, but not baseline proBDNF, moderated the effect of exercise on neurocognition (p = 0.025) and explained 7% of the variance. The neurocognitive improvement increased with increasing baseline-mBDNF values. The moderating effect of baseline-mBDNF remained significant in a more complex model adding the moderating effects of exercise mode, sex, age, duration of illness and baseline VO2max on the outcome (neurocognition). Mean baseline-mBDNF significantly decreased from baseline to post-intervention (p = 0.036), regardless of exercise mode, differing by sex and associated with improved VO2max but not with change in neurocognition. A mediating role of mBDNF on the effect of physical exercise on neurocognition was not supported. Values of proBDNF mainly remained stable from baseline to post-intervention. CONCLUSION We found that baseline-mBDNF moderated the effect of physical exercise on neurocognition in individuals with schizophrenia and explained a small part of the inter-individual variation in neurocognitive response. Mean mBDNF decreased from baseline to post-intervention, regardless of exercise mode. A mediating role of mBDNF on the effect of exercise on neurocognition was not supported. The inter-individual variation in neurocognitive response and the complex role of peripheral BDNF in physical exercise is still to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gry Bang-Kittilsen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway.
| | - Jens Egeland
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo, Norway; K.G. Jebsen TREC, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - Eivind Andersen
- Faculty of Humanities, Sports and Educational Science, University of Southeast Norway, Horten, Norway
| | | | - Tom Langerud Holmen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway
| | - Jon Mordal
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway
| | - René Holst
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - John Abel Engh
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tonsberg, Norway
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Kuo HI, Hsieh MH, Lin YT, Nitsche MA. Acute Aerobic Exercise at Different Intensities Modulates Motor Learning Performance and Cortical Excitability in Sedentary Individuals. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0182-23.2023. [PMID: 37932044 PMCID: PMC10668209 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0182-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Converging evidence indicates the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on motor learning performance. Underlying mechanisms might be an impact of aerobic exercise on neuroplasticity and cortical excitability. Evidence suggests that motor learning and cortical excitability alterations correlate with the intensity of aerobic exercise and the activity level of participants. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of different aerobic exercise intensities on motor learning and cortical excitability in sedentary individuals. The study was conducted in a crossover and double-blind design. Twenty-six healthy sedentary individuals (13 women and 13 men) performed a motor learning task and received a cortical excitability assessment before and after a single session of low-, moderate-, and high-intensity aerobic exercise or a control intervention. The study revealed that motor learning performance and cortical excitability were significantly enhanced in the moderate-intensity aerobic exercise, compared with the other conditions. These findings suggest aerobic exercise intensity-dependent effects on motor learning in sedentary adults. The underlying mechanism might be an exercised-induced alteration of cortical excitability, specifically a reduction of GABA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-I Kuo
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
- Department of Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Hsieh
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Michael A Nitsche
- Department Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
- Bielefeld University, University Hospital OWL, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Clinic of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and University Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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15
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Luo X, Herold F, Ludyga S, Gerber M, Kamijo K, Pontifex MB, Hillman CH, Alderman BL, Müller NG, Kramer AF, Ishihara T, Song W, Zou L. Association of physical activity and fitness with executive function among preschoolers. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100400. [PMID: 37663042 PMCID: PMC10469079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2023.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-documented in the literature that high levels of regular physical activity (PA), low levels of sedentary behavior (SB), and high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with superior cognitive functioning, especially with regard to older populations. However, concerning other age groups (e.g., preschoolers) the available evidence documenting such a positive relationship is relatively scarce. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association of time spent in different PA intensity zones and CRF with executive functions (EFs) in preschool-age children. To this end, preschoolers (n = 127) aged 3 to 6 years were recruited from 9 kindergarten classes in 2 districts of Shenzhen, China. The amount and the intensity of PA were assessed via accelerometry, and the CRF level was quantified by the 20-meter shuttle run test. EFs including inhibitory control and working memory were assessed using the one-on-one iPad-based Early Year Toolbox. Results suggested that children who had a higher CRF level ("impulse control" scores: β = 0.34, p < .001; "Go" accuracy: β = 0.31, p < .001; "No-Go" accuracy: β =0.28, < .001) and spentmore time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) ("impulse control" scores: β = 0.50, p < .001; No-Go" accuracy: β = 0.52, p < .001) had higher scores on inhibitory control tasks, and those who had a higher CRF level had higher scores on a working memory task (β = 0.24, p < .05). The findings are discussed in light of the positive roles of MVPA and CRF for promoting EFs, but also consider the disproportionate association of PA and CRF with working memory relative to inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
| | - Fabian Herold
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Keita Kamijo
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Charles H. Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bandon L. Alderman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
| | - Notger G. Müller
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Arthur F. Kramer
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, Champaign 61820, IL, USA
| | - Toru Ishihara
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Wook Song
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute of Sport Science / Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Liye Zou
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, 518060, China
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González-Santos Á, Lopez-Garzon M, Gil-Gutiérrez R, Salinas-Asensio MDM, Postigo-Martin P, Cantarero-Villanueva I. Nonlinear, Multicomponent Physical Exercise With Heart Rate Variability-Guided Prescription in Women With Breast Cancer During Treatment: Feasibility and Preliminary Results (ATOPE Study). Phys Ther 2023; 103:pzad070. [PMID: 37347987 PMCID: PMC10506849 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility, safety, adherence, and preliminary efficacy of the ATOPE program during radiotherapy (RT) or chemotherapy (CT) for women with breast cancer. METHODS This single-blind, pretest-posttest feasibility study included 38 women with breast cancer at the beginning of their treatment. The ATOPE program consisted of 12 to 18 sessions of a multimodal physical exercise program, prescribed based on daily heart rate variability and clinimetric assessments using the ATOPE+ mHealth system. Overall health was assessed with quality of life, autonomous balance, and body composition, whereas health-related fitness was measured through functional capacity, physical activity levels, and upper and lower limb strength. RESULTS The rates of recruitment, retention, and adherence were 52.35, 73.68, and 84.37%, respectively, and the satisfaction rating was 9.2 out of a possible 10 points. The perceived health status change score was 3.83 points, scored on a -5 to 5 point scale. No adverse effects were found. Compliance results showed that the ATOPE+ mHealth system was used on 73.38% of the days, and the Fitbit bracelet (Google, Mountain View, CA, USA) was used on 84.91% of the days. Women stayed physically active 55% of days. Regarding preliminary results, for overall health, the percentage of body fat in the RT group decreased by 1.93%, whereas it increased by 5.03% in the CT group. Lower limb strength increased in the RT group, specifically knee extensor isometric strength (6.07%), isokinetic knee flexors 180 degree/second (1.53%), and isokinetic knee extensors 300 degree/second (4.53%), in contrast with the reductions found in the CT group (11.07, 18.67, and 14.89%, respectively). CONCLUSION The ATOPE program, through nonlinear prescription based on daily monitoring with the ATOPE+ mHealth system, is feasible and safe for application during breast cancer treatment. The results suggest that the overall health can be maintained or even improved regarding most variables. IMPACT This study focused on the feasibility, safety, and completion of a physical therapist-led program at early diagnosis for adults with breast cancer. The multimodal, supervised, tailored, nonlinear physical exercise program is feasible and safe, showed a good completion rate, and was able to prevent the quality-of-life deficits that are often triggered by systemic breast cancer treatment. This study highlights the importance of daily morning assessments using the ATOPE+ mHealth system in patients with breast cancer to prescribe nonlinear physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela González-Santos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, BIO277 Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health Research Center (IMUDs), Granada, Spain
- A02-Cuídate, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
- Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Lopez-Garzon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, BIO277 Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health Research Center (IMUDs), Granada, Spain
- A02-Cuídate, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
- Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), Granada, Spain
| | - Rocío Gil-Gutiérrez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, CTS436 Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- MP07-Bases Fisiopatología y Terapéutica Médica, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Paula Postigo-Martin
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, BIO277 Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health Research Center (IMUDs), Granada, Spain
- A02-Cuídate, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
- Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Cantarero-Villanueva
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, BIO277 Group, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health Research Center (IMUDs), Granada, Spain
- A02-Cuídate, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, Granada, Spain
- Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES), Granada, Spain
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Burma JS, Seok J, Johnston NE, Smirl JD. Cerebral blood velocity during concurrent supine cycling, lower body negative pressure, and head-up tilt challenges: implications for concussion rehabilitation. Physiol Meas 2023; 44:084002. [PMID: 37531960 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/acecd4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. The effect of concurrent head-up tilt and lower body negative pressure (LBNP) have been examined on middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) at rest; however, it is unknown the superimposed effect these factors have on blunting the elevation in cerebral blood velocity associated with moderate-intensity exercise.Methods. 23 healthy adults (11 females / 12 males, 20-33 years) completed three visits. The first consisted of a maximal ramp supine cycling test to identify the wattage associated with individualized maximal MCAv. Subsequent visits included randomized no LBNP (control) or LBNP at -40 Torr (experimental) with successively increasing head-up tilt stages of 0, 15, 30, and 45 degrees during the pre-described individualized wattage. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was utilized to quantify MCAv. Two-factorial repeated measures analysis of variance with effect sizes were used to determine differences between days and tilt stages.Results. Between-day baseline values for MCAv, heart rate, and blood pressure displayed low variability with <5% variation. With no LBNP, MCAv was above baseline on average for all participants; however, 15 degrees and 30 degrees tilt with concurrent -40 Torr LBNP was sufficient to return MCAv to 100% of baseline values in females and males, respectively. Body-weight did not impact the association between tilt and pressure (R2range: 0.01-0.12).Conclusion. Combined LBNP and tilt were sufficient to reduce the increase in MCAv associated with moderate-intensity exercise. This exercise modality shows utility to enable individuals with a concussion to obtain the positive physiological adaptions associated with exercise while minimizing symptom exacerbation due to the notion of the Monro-Kellie doctrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel S Burma
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jina Seok
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nathan E Johnston
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Smirl
- Cerebrovascular Concussion Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Integrated Concussion Research Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Rüth M, Schmelzer M, Burtniak K, Kaspar K. Commercial exergames for rehabilitation of physical health and quality of life: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials with adults in unsupervised home environments. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1155569. [PMID: 37333591 PMCID: PMC10272737 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1155569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Commercial exergames are widely available tools that can support physical rehabilitation at home. However, the effects of the unsupervised use of commercial exergames in home environments are not yet clear. Hence, we provide a systematic review on the effects of unsupervised commercial exergaming at home on adults' physical health (RQ1) and quality of life (RQ2). We also scrutinize adults' experiences with exergaming at home regarding participant support, adherence, and adverse outcomes (RQ3). Methods We searched Web of Science, PsycINFO, PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL for peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials with adults in need of rehabilitation. Overall, 20 studies (1,558 participants, 1,368 analyzed) met our inclusion criteria. The quality of evidence was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results Effects of unsupervised commercial exergaming at home on physical health were higher in seven studies and similar in five studies regarding the respective comparison or control conditions; eight studies reported non-significant findings. Of the 15 studies that also examined effects on quality of life, improvements were higher in seven studies and similar in two studies regarding the respective comparison or control conditions; results were non-significant in six studies. Participant support consisted of setup of the exergaming system, instructions, training, and contact with participants. Adherence was high in eight studies, moderate in six studies, and low in one study. Adverse outcomes related to exergaming were found in four studies and were at most moderate. Concerning the quality of evidence, six studies were related to a high risk of bias due to outcome reporting bias or ceiling effects in the primary outcome. Additionally, 10 studies yielded some concerns, and four studies were related to a low risk of bias. Discussion This systematic review summarizes promising evidence that the unsupervised use of commercial exergames can support and complement rehabilitation measures in home environments. Still, future studies based on larger samples and using more recent commercial exergames are needed to obtain more high-quality evidence on the effects of different exercise prescriptions. Overall, considering the necessary precautions, the unsupervised use of commercial exergames at home can improve the physical health and quality of life in adults with needs for physical rehabilitation. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022341189, identifier: PROSPERO, Registration number: CRD42022341189.
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Santiago JA, Potashkin JA. Physical activity and lifestyle modifications in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1185671. [PMID: 37304072 PMCID: PMC10250655 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1185671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases have reached alarming numbers in the past decade. Unfortunately, clinical trials testing potential therapeutics have proven futile. In the absence of disease-modifying therapies, physical activity has emerged as the single most accessible lifestyle modification with the potential to fight off cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. In this review, we discuss findings from epidemiological, clinical, and molecular studies investigating the potential of lifestyle modifications in promoting brain health. We propose an evidence-based multidomain approach that includes physical activity, diet, cognitive training, and sleep hygiene to treat and prevent neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith A. Potashkin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Department, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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Broatch JR, Zarekookandeh N, Glarin R, Strik M, Johnston LA, Moffat BA, Bird LJ, Gunningham K, Churilov L, Johns HT, Askew CD, Levinger I, O'Riordan SF, Bishop DJ, Brodtmann A. Train Smart Study: protocol for a randomised trial investigating the role of exercise training dose on markers of brain health in sedentary middle-aged adults. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e069413. [PMID: 37225276 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regular aerobic exercise is associated with improved cognitive function, implicating it as a strategy to reduce dementia risk. This is reinforced by the association between greater cardiorespiratory fitness and larger brain volume, superior cognitive performance and lower dementia risk. However, the optimal aerobic exercise dose, namely the intensity and mode of delivery, to improve brain health and lower dementia risk has received less attention. We aim to determine the effect of different doses of aerobic exercise training on markers of brain health in sedentary middle-aged adults, hypothesising that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) will be more beneficial than moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). METHODS AND ANALYSIS In this two-group parallel, open-label blinded endpoint randomised trial, 70 sedentary middle-aged (45-65 years) adults will be randomly allocated to one of two 12-week aerobic exercise training interventions matched for total exercise training volume: (1) MICT (n=35) or HIIT (n=35). Participants will perform ~50 min exercise training sessions, 3 days per week, for 12 weeks. The primary outcome will be measured as between-group difference in cardiorespiratory fitness (peak oxygen uptake) change from baseline to the end of training. Secondary outcomes include between-group differences in cognitive function and ultra-high field MRI (7T) measured markers of brain health (brain blood flow, cerebrovascular function, brain volume, white matter microstructural integrity and resting state functional brain activity) changes from baseline to the end of training. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Victoria University Human Research Ethics Committee (VUHREC) has approved this study (HRE20178), and all protocol modifications will be communicated to the relevant parties (eg, VUHREC, trial registry). Findings from this study will be disseminated via peer-review publications, conference presentations, clinical communications and both mainstream and social media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ANZCTR12621000144819.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Broatch
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Navabeh Zarekookandeh
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rebecca Glarin
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Myrte Strik
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leigh A Johnston
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradford A Moffat
- Melbourne Brain Centre Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laura J Bird
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kate Gunningham
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hannah T Johns
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Stroke Alliance, Melbourne Brain Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher D Askew
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service, Nambour, Queensland, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Sciences, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shane F O'Riordan
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Brodtmann
- Cognitive Health Initiative, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Bae M, Kasser SL. High intensity exercise training on functional outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 75:104748. [PMID: 37178578 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is growing interest and evidence for high intensity training (HIT) in clinical populations, including persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). While HIT has been shown to be a safe modality in this group, it is still unclear what collective knowledge exists for HIT on functional outcomes. This study examined HIT modalities (e.g., aerobic, resistance, functional training) on functional outcomes such as walking, balance, postural control, and mobility in persons with MS. METHODS High intensity training studies, including RCTs and non-RCTs, that targeted functional outcomes in persons with MS were included in the review. A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SPORTSDiscus, and CINAHL in April 2022. Other literature search methods were performed via website and citation searching. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed by TESTEX for RCTs and ROBINS-I for non-RCTs. This review synthesized the following data: study design and characteristics, participant characteristics, intervention characteristics, outcome measures, and effect sizes. RESULTS Thirteen studies (6 RCTs and 7 non-RCTs) were included in the systematic review. The included participants (N = 375) had varying functional levels (EDSS range: 0-6.5) and phenotypes (relapsing remitting, secondary progressive, primary progressive). HIT modalities involving high intensity aerobic training (n = 4), high intensity resistance training (n = 7), and high intensity functional training (n = 2), revealed a significant and consistent benefit on walking speed and walking endurance in response to HIT, while the evidence regarding balance and mobility improvement was less clear. CONCLUSION Persons with MS can successfully tolerate and adhere to HIT. While HIT appears to be an effective modality for improving some functional outcomes, the heterogeneous testing protocols, HIT modalities, and exercise doses among the studies preclude any conclusive evidence for its effectiveness thus necessitating future inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjin Bae
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA
| | - Susan L Kasser
- Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, USA.
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22
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Anzeneder S, Zehnder C, Martin-Niedecken AL, Schmidt M, Benzing V. Acute exercise and children's cognitive functioning: What is the optimal dose of cognitive challenge? PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2023; 66:102404. [PMID: 37665845 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute bouts of exercise have the potential to benefit children's cognition. Inconsistent evidence on the role of qualitative exercise task characteristics calls for further investigation of the cognitive challenge level in exercise. Thus, the study aim was to investigate which "dose" of cognitive challenge in acute exercise benefits children's cognition, also exploring the moderating role of individual characteristics. In a within-subject experimental design, 103 children (Mage = 11.1, SD = 0.9, 48% female) participated weekly in one of three 15-min exergames followed by an Attention Network task. Exergame sessions were designed to keep physical intensity constant (65% HRmax) and to have different cognitive challenge levels (low, mid, high; adapted to the ongoing individual performance). ANOVAs performed on variables that reflect the individual functioning of attention networks revealed a significant effect of cognitive challenge on executive control efficiency (reaction time performances; p = .014, ƞ2p = .08), with better performances after the high-challenge condition compared to lower ones (ps < .015), whereas alerting and orienting were unaffected by cognitive challenge (ps > .05). ANOVAs performed on variables that reflect the interactive functioning of attention networks revealed that biological sex moderated cognitive challenge effects. For males only, the cognitive challenge level influenced the interactive functioning of executive control and orienting networks (p = .004; ƞ2p = .07). Results suggest that an individualized and adaptive cognitively high-challenging bout of exercise is more beneficial to children's executive control than less challenging ones. For males, the cognitive challenge in an acute bout seems beneficial to maintain executive control efficiency also when spatial attention resources cannot be validly allocated in advance. Results are interpreted referring to the cognitive stimulation hypothesis and arousal theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Anzeneder
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Cäcilia Zehnder
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Mirko Schmidt
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Benzing
- Institute of Sport Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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23
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Baumann H, Heuel L, Bischoff LL, Wollesen B. Efficacy of Individualized Sensory-Based mHealth Interventions to Improve Distress Coping in Healthcare Professionals: A Multi-Arm Parallel-Group Randomized Controlled Trial. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2322. [PMID: 36850920 PMCID: PMC9963645 DOI: 10.3390/s23042322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Detrimental effects of chronic stress on healthcare professionals have been well-established, but the implementation and evaluation of effective interventions aimed at improving distress coping remains inadequate. Individualized mHealth interventions incorporating sensor feedback have been proposed as a promising approach. This study aimed to investigate the impact of individualized, sensor-based mHealth interventions focusing on stress and physical activity on distress coping in healthcare professionals. The study utilized a multi-arm, parallel group randomized controlled trial design, comparing five intervention groups (three variations of web-based training and two variations of an app training) that represented varying levels of individualization to a control group. Both self-reported questionnaire data (collected using Limesurvey) as well as electrocardiography and accelerometry-based sensory data (collected using Mesana Sensor) were assessed at baseline and post-intervention (after eight weeks). Of the 995 eligible participants, 170 (26%) completed the post-intervention measurement (Group 1: N = 21; Group 2: N = 23; Group 3: N = 7; Group 4: N = 34; Group 5: N = 16; Control Group: N = 69). MANOVA results indicated small to moderate time-by-group interaction effects for physical activity-related outcomes, including moderate to vigorous physical activity (F(1,5) = 5.8, p = ≤0.001, η2p = 0.057) and inactivity disruption (F(1,5) = 11.2, p = <0.001, η2p = 0.100), in the app-based intervention groups, but not for step counts and inactivity. No changes were observed in stress-related heart rate variability parameters over time. Despite a high dropout rate and a complex study design, the individualized interventions showed initial positive effects on physical activity. However, no significant changes in stress-related outcomes were observed, suggesting that the intervention duration was insufficient to induce physiological adaptations that would result in improved distress coping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Baumann
- Department of Biopsychology and Neuroergonomics, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Medical School Hamburg, Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luis Heuel
- Department of Biopsychology and Neuroergonomics, Technical University Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Bettina Wollesen
- Institute of Human Movement Science, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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Mackala K, Michalik K, Makaruk H. Sports Diagnostics-Maximizing the Results or Preventing Injuries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2470. [PMID: 36767837 PMCID: PMC9916279 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sports diagnostics is a comprehensive scientific concept and comprises an aspect of training monitoring and/or sports medicine [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Mackala
- Department of Track and Field, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamil Michalik
- Department of Human Motor Skills, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, 51-612 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Hubert Makaruk
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, The Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Biala Podlaska, Poland
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Sivaramakrishnan A, Subramanian SK. A Systematic Review on the Effects of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Neurophysiological, Molecular, and Behavioral Measures in Chronic Stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2023; 37:151-164. [PMID: 36703562 DOI: 10.1177/15459683221146996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A single bout of aerobic exercise (AE) can produce changes in neurophysiological and behavioral measures in healthy individuals and those with stroke. However, the effects of AE-priming effects on neuroplasticity markers and behavioral measures are unclear. OBJECTIVES This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of AE on neuroplasticity measures, such as corticomotor excitability (CME), molecular markers, cortical activation, motor learning, and performance in stroke. METHODS A literature search was performed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and PsycINFO databases. Randomized and non-randomized studies incorporating acute AE in stroke were selected. Two reviewers independently assessed the risk of bias and methodological rigor of the studies and extracted data on participant characteristics, exercise interventions, and neuroplasticity related outcomes. The quality of transcranial magnetic stimulation reported methods was assessed using a standardized checklist. RESULTS A total of 16 studies were found suitable for inclusion. Our findings suggest mixed evidence for the effects of AE on CME, limited to no effects on intracortical inhibition and facilitation and some evidence for modulating brain derived neurotrophic factor levels, motor learning, and cortical activation. Exercise intensities in the moderate to vigorous range showed a trend towards better effects on neuroplasticity measures. CONCLUSION It appears that choosing a moderate to vigorous exercise paradigm for at least 20 to 30 minutes may induce changes in some neuroplasticity parameters in stroke. However, these findings necessitate prudent consideration as the studies were diverse and had moderate methodological quality. There is a need for a consensus on an exercise priming paradigm and for good-quality, larger controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandeep K Subramanian
- Department of Physical Therapy, UT Health San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Long School of Medicine, UT Health San Antonio, TX, USA.,Department of Physician Assistant Studies, UT Health San Antonio, TX, USA
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Marsigliante S, Gómez-López M, Muscella A. Effects on Children's Physical and Mental Well-Being of a Physical-Activity-Based School Intervention Program: A Randomized Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1927. [PMID: 36767292 PMCID: PMC9915543 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physically active breaks of a total duration of 10 min a day, introduced during curricular lessons, together with a 10 min physical activity intervention during the daily school recess period on obesity prevention, fitness, cognitive function, and psychological well-being in school-aged children. A sample of 310 children (139 boys vs. 171 girls), aged between 8 and 10 years (9.82 ± 0.51), was selected. Our strategy was implemented over a 6-month period and the participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 157) or the non-intervention (control) group (n =153). In the intervention group, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, and relative body fat mass was achieved after the intervention (T1) compared to the values measured before intervention (T0); in the control group, no differences emerged between T0 and T1 for any of the parameters considered. We found a significant increase in the intervention group in standing long jump, Ruffier, and sit and reach test scores (p < 0.001 for all). At T0, cognitive test scores did not differ between the girls and boys or between the intervention and control groups; instead at T1, significant differences were observed in the two groups regarding the total number of responses and the concentration performance scores (p < 0.001). Consistently, in the intervention group, well-being levels significantly increased between T0 and T1 (p < 0.001). Finally, the intervention had significant effects on the children regardless of gender. We may therefore conclude that schools should create more opportunities for teachers and students to introduce intervention strategies to promote regular PA during school recess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Marsigliante
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Manuel Gómez-López
- Department of Physical Activity, Sport Faculty of Sports Science, University of Murcia, 30720 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Jäggi S, Wachter A, Adcock M, de Bruin ED, Möller JC, Marks D, Schweinfurther R, Giannouli E. Feasibility and effects of cognitive-motor exergames on fall risk factors in typical and atypical Parkinson's inpatients: a randomized controlled pilot study. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:30. [PMID: 36647177 PMCID: PMC9841664 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with Parkinson`s disease (PD) often suffer from both motor and cognitive impairments. Simultaneous motor and cognitive training stimulates neurobiological processes which are important especially for people with PD. The aim of this study is to test the feasibility and effects of simultaneous cognitive-motor training in form of exergames in the setting of inpatient rehabilitation of persons with PD. METHODS Forty participants (72.4 ± 9.54 years; Hoehn and Yahr stage 1-4) were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which trained five times a week in addition to the conventional rehabilitation program, or the control group, which underwent the standard rehabilitation treatment only. Primary outcome was feasibility (measured by adherence rate, attrition rate, occurrence of adverse events, system usability scale (SUS), and NASA TLX score). In addition, various cognitive (Go/No-Go test, reaction time test (RTT), color word interference test (D-KEFS) and Trail Making Test A and B (TMT)) and motor (preferred gait speed, maximum gait speed, dual-task gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and 5 times Sit-to-Stand (5xStS)) tests were conducted before and after the intervention phase in order to determine training effects RESULTS: Adherence rate was 97%, there were just two dropouts due to reasons unrelated to the study and there were no adverse events. The mean NASA TLX value was 56.2 and the mean value of the SUS was 76.7. Significant time-group interaction effects were observed for the 5xStS, the SPPB, the RTT, the Go/No-Go test and the D-KEFS 2. DISCUSSION Exergaming, as applied in this study, showed to be feasible, safe and likely effective for the improvement of cognitive and motor functions of PD inpatients. Because of this future randomized controlled trials with a main focus on testing the efficacy of this new intervention are warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT04872153).
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Jäggi
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annina Wachter
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Adcock
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eling D. de Bruin
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.460104.70000 0000 8718 2812Department of Health, OST – Eastern Swiss University of Applied Sciences, St.Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Jens Carsten Möller
- Parkinson Center, Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Zihlschlacht, Switzerland ,grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Department of Neurology, Philipps University, Marburg, Germany
| | - Detlef Marks
- Parkinson Center, Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Zihlschlacht, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Schweinfurther
- Parkinson Center, Center for Neurological Rehabilitation, Zihlschlacht, Switzerland
| | - Eleftheria Giannouli
- grid.5801.c0000 0001 2156 2780Department of Health Sciences & Technology, Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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A single bout of aerobic exercise modulates motor learning performance and cortical excitability in humans. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2023; 23:100333. [PMID: 36168600 PMCID: PMC9483626 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2022.100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Ballester-Ferrer JA, Bonete-López B, Roldan A, Cervelló E, Pastor D. Effect of acute exercise intensity on cognitive inhibition and well-being: Role of lactate and BDNF polymorphism in the dose-response relationship. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1057475. [PMID: 36570982 PMCID: PMC9780502 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1057475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is evidence in the literature that acute exercise can modify cognitive function after the effort. However, there is still some controversy concerning the most effective exercise modality to improve cognitive function in acute interventions. Regarding these different exercise modalities, the dose-response relationship between exercise intensity and cognitive response is one of the most challenging questions in exercise and cognition research. Methods In this study, we tested the impact of moderate-intensity (MICT), high-intensity (HIIT) exercise sessions, or control situation (CTRL) on cognitive inhibition (measured with the Stroop Test). Thirty-six young college students participated in this study, where a within-subject repeated measure design was used. Results ANOVA 2×3 demonstrated that HIIT improved the acute cognitive response to a higher degree when compared to MICT or CTRL (p < 0.05). The cognitive improvements correlated with lactate release, providing a plausible molecular explanation for the cognitive enhancement (r < -0.2 and p < 0.05 for all the Stroop conditions). Moreover, a positive trend in wellbeing was observed after both exercise protocols (HIIT and MICT) but not in the CTRL situation. Genetic BDNF single nucleotide polymorphism did not influence any interactions (p < 0.05). Discussion In this sense, our results suggest that exercise intensity could be a key factor in improved cognitive function following exercise in young college students, with no additional impact of BDNF polymorphism. Moreover, our results also provide evidence that exercise could be a useful tool in improving psychological wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alba Roldan
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Eduardo Cervelló
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
| | - Diego Pastor
- Sports Research Centre, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain,*Correspondence: Diego Pastor,
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Effects of Acute Resistance Exercise on Executive Function: A Systematic Review of the Moderating Role of Intensity and Executive Function Domain. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:141. [PMID: 36480075 PMCID: PMC9732176 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research has demonstrated that there is a beneficial effect of acute exercise on cognitive function; however, the moderators of the acute resistance exercise (RE) effect on executive function (EF) are underestimated. This systematic review aims to clarify the effects of acute RE on EF by examining the moderating effect of exercise intensity (light, moderate, and vigorous) and EF domains (inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility), as well as their interactions. METHODS The search strategy was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycARTICLES, and Cochrane Library) prior to January 29, 2022. Included studies had to: (1) investigate acute RE in adults with normal cognition and without diagnosed disease; (2) include a control group or control session for comparison; (3) include outcomes related to the core EF domains; and (4) be published in English. The methodological quality of the included studies was judged according to the PEDro scale guidelines. RESULTS Nineteen studies were included which included a total of 692 participants. More than half of the outcomes (24/42, 57.14%) indicate that acute RE had a statistically significant positive effect on overall EF. In terms of RE intensity and EF domain, moderate intensity acute RE benefited EF more consistently than light and vigorous intensity acute RE. Acute RE-induced EF benefits were more often found for inhibitory control than for working memory and cognitive flexibility. When considering moderators simultaneously, measuring inhibitory control after light or moderate intensity RE and measuring working memory or cognitive flexibility after moderate intensity RE most often resulted in statistically significant positive outcomes. CONCLUSION Acute RE has a beneficial effect on EF, observed most consistently for inhibitory control following moderate intensity RE. Future studies should include all exercise intensities and EF domains as well as investigate other potential moderators to enable a better understanding of the benefits of acute RE on EF.
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Wang R, Ekblom MM, Arvidsson D, Fridolfsson J, Börjesson M, Ekblom Ö. The interrelationship between physical activity intensity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function in middle-aged adults: An observational study of office workers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1035521. [PMID: 36438224 PMCID: PMC9682261 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous evidence supports a beneficial effect of physical activity on executive function across the whole lifespan. Yet, the interrelationships of the intensities of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function require further investigation in adults. Aim Using unfiltered accelerometry data and high-resolution intensity classification, we sought to estimate the associations of physical activity with cardiorespiratory fitness and executive function in adult office workers. Methods We included 343 full-time office workers (mean age: 42.41 years, range of age: 36-49 years). Executive function was assessed using Stroop, Trail making tests (part-B), and 2-back tests, and a composite score was produced to reflect the general executive function performance. Physical activity was assessed using the Actigraph GT3X+-monitor, worn by each participant for seven days at the hip. Raw accelerometry data were processed by the 10 Hz frequency extended method and divided into 22 intensity bins and sleep time. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated using the submaximal Ekblom-Bak cycle ergometer test. Data were analyzed using partial least squares regressions. Results In adults, cardiorespiratory fitness was closely correlated with a wide range of absolute physical activity intensity patterns. A higher level of executive function in adults was associated with both higher absolute physical activity intensities and cardiorespiratory fitness, which was independent of age, sex, and education levels. A very weak association between intensities, fitness, and executive function was observed in high-fit adults. Among low-fit adults, although a positive association started already toward the upper end of moderate intensity, there still appeared to be an association between intensities, cardiorespiratory fitness, and executive function. That is, cardiorespiratory fitness may mediate the association between absolute physical activity intensities and executive function up to a certain level. Conclusion The maintenance of executive function in adulthood was related to both physical activity intensities and cardiorespiratory fitness, while their interrelationship was not equal across fitness levels. It is highly recommended to consider the cardiorespiratory fitness level in future studies that focus on executive functions in aging as well when designing individualized physical activity training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden,Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden,Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States,*Correspondence: Rui Wang
| | - Maria M. Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden,The Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Fridolfsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden,Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Östra, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tarumi T, Patel NR, Tomoto T, Pasha E, Khan AM, Kostroske K, Riley J, Tinajero CD, Wang C, Hynan LS, Rodrigue KM, Kennedy KM, Park DC, Zhang R. Aerobic exercise training and neurocognitive function in cognitively normal older adults: A one-year randomized controlled trial. J Intern Med 2022; 292:788-803. [PMID: 35713933 PMCID: PMC9588521 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current evidence is inconsistent on the benefits of aerobic exercise training for preventing or attenuating age-related cognitive decline in older adults. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of a 1-year progressive, moderate-to-high intensity aerobic exercise intervention on cognitive function, brain volume, and cortical thickness in sedentary but otherwise healthy older adults. METHODS We randomized 73 older adults to a 1-year aerobic exercise or stretching-and-toning (active control) program. The primary outcome was a cognitive composite score calculated from eight neuropsychological tests encompassing inductive reasoning, long-term and working memory, executive function, and processing speed. Secondary outcomes were brain volume and cortical thickness assessed by MRI, and cardiorespiratory fitness measured by peak oxygen uptake (VO2 ). RESULTS One-year aerobic exercise increased peak VO2 by ∼10% (p < 0.001) while it did not change with stretching (p = 0.241). Cognitive composite scores increased in both the aerobic and stretching groups (p < 0.001 for time effect), although no group difference was observed. Total brain volume (p < 0.001) and mean cortical thickness (p = 0.001) decreased in both groups over time, while the reduction in hippocampal volume was smaller in the stretching group compared with the aerobic group (p = 0.040 for interaction). Across all participants, improvement in peak VO2 was positively correlated with increases in cognitive composite score (r = 0.282, p = 0.042) and regional cortical thickness at the inferior parietal lobe (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS One-year aerobic exercise and stretching interventions improved cognitive performance but did not prevent age-related brain volume loss in sedentary healthy older adults. Cardiorespiratory fitness gain was positively correlated with cognitive performance and regional cortical thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tarumi
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Neena R. Patel
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Tsubasa Tomoto
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Evan Pasha
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ayaz M. Khan
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St. Jude Children Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kayla Kostroske
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jonathan Riley
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Cynthia D. Tinajero
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ciwen Wang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Linda S. Hynan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Karen M. Rodrigue
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kristen M. Kennedy
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Denise C. Park
- Center for Vital Longevity, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Ballester-Ferrer JA, Roldan A, Cervelló E, Pastor D. Memory Modulation by Exercise in Young Adults Is Related to Lactate and Not Affected by Sex or BDNF Polymorphism. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101541. [PMID: 36290444 PMCID: PMC9598181 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Currently, high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is on the rise compared to moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) due to its similar benefits for health and performance with low time requirements. Recent studies show how physical exercise can also influence cognitive function, although the optimal dose and underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, in our study, we have compared the effects on visuospatial and declarative memory of different exercise intensities (HIIE vs. MIE), including possible implicated factors such as lactate released after each session and the Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) genotype. Thirty-six undergraduate students participated in this study. The HIIE session consisted of a 3 min warm-up, four 2 min sets at 90−95% of the maximal aerobic speed (MAS) with 2 min of passive recovery between sets, and a 3 min cooldown, and the MIE session implies the same total duration of continuous exercise at 60% of the MAS. Better improvements were found after HIIE than MIE on the backward condition of the visuospatial memory test (p = 0.014, ηp2 = 0.17) and the 48 h retention of the declarative memory test (p = 0.04; d = 0.34). No differences were observed in the forward condition of the visuospatial memory test and the 7-day retention of the declarative memory test (p > 0.05). Moreover, non-modifiable parameters such as biological sex and BDNF polymorphism (Val/Val, Val/Met, or Met/Met) did not modulate the cognitive response to exercise. Curiously, the correlational analysis showed associations (p < 0.05) between changes in memory (visuospatial and declarative) and lactate release. In this sense, our results suggest an important role for intensity in improving cognitive function with exercise, regardless of genetic factors such as biological sex or BDNF Val66Met polymorphism.
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Bonilla DA, Cardozo LA, Vélez-Gutiérrez JM, Arévalo-Rodríguez A, Vargas-Molina S, Stout JR, Kreider RB, Petro JL. Exercise Selection and Common Injuries in Fitness Centers: A Systematic Integrative Review and Practical Recommendations. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191912710. [PMID: 36232010 PMCID: PMC9565175 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Weight resistance training (RT) is an essential component of physical conditioning programs to improve the quality of life and physical fitness in different ages and populations. This integrative review aimed to analyze the scientific evidence on the relationship between exercise selection and the appearance of musculoskeletal injuries in physical fitness centers (PFC). The PubMed or Medline, EMBASE or Science Direct, Google Scholar and PEDro databases were selected to examine the available literature using a Boolean algorithm with search terms. The review process was performed using the five-stage approach for an integrative review and it was reported according to the PRISMA in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine and Sports Science (PERSiST) guidelines. A total of 39 peer-reviewed articles (Price index = 71.7%) met the inclusion criteria and evaluated the link between exercise selection and the incidence of injuries in exercisers who regularly attend PFC. Most injuries occur to the shoulders, elbows, vertebrae of the spine, and knees. Although the injury etiologies are multifactorial, the findings of the reviewed articles include the impacts of overuse, short post-exercise recovery periods, poor conditioning in the exercised body areas, frequent use of heavy loads, improper technique in certain exercises, and the abuse of performance- and image-enhancing drugs. Practical recommendations addressed to clinical exercise physiologists, exercise professionals, and health professionals are given in this paper. The exercise selection in RT programs requires professional supervision and adhering to proper lifting techniques and training habits that consider the anatomical and biomechanical patterns of the musculoskeletal structures, as well as genetic, pedagogical, and methodological aspects directly related to the stimulus-response process to mitigate the occurrence of RT-related injuries in PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A. Bonilla
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences—GICAFS, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
- Research Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Education, Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Sport Genomics Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-320-335-2050
| | - Luis A. Cardozo
- Research and Measurement Group in Sports Training (IMED), Faculty of Health Sciences and Sports, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Bogotá 111221, Colombia
| | - Jorge M. Vélez-Gutiérrez
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- ARTHROS Centro de Fisioterapia y Ejercicio, Medellín 050012, Colombia
| | - Adrián Arévalo-Rodríguez
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Centro de Capacitación en Acondicionamiento y Preparación Física (CCAPF), Bogotá 111511, Colombia
| | - Salvador Vargas-Molina
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, EADE-University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 29018 Málaga, Spain
| | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- Physiology of Work and Exercise Response (POWER) Laboratory, Institute of Exercise Physiology and Rehabilitation Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Human Clinical Research Facility, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jorge L. Petro
- Research Division, Dynamical Business & Science Society—DBSS International SAS, Bogotá 110311, Colombia
- Research Group in Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences—GICAFS, Universidad de Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
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Zhu Y, He S, Herold F, Sun F, Li C, Tao S, Gao TY. Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on cognitive function: Current evidence, methodology, and safety considerations. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1012836. [PMID: 36267588 PMCID: PMC9576950 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1012836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive function is essential for most behaviors of daily living and is a critical component in assessing the quality of life. Mounting prospective evidence supports the use of isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) as a small muscle mass practice to promote health-related outcomes in clinical and healthy populations. The aim of the present review was to systematically investigate whether IHE is effective in improving the cognitive function of adults (aged ≥18 years). Studies were identified by searching five databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, PsychINFO, and Web of Science). Eight out of 767 studies met the inclusion criteria, including three types of studies: 1) acute effect for IHE with various intensity protocols (n = 4); 2) acute effect for IHE with one set exhaustion protocol (n = 2); and 3) chronic effect of IHE on cognitive function (n = 2). To assess the methodological quality of studies, the PEDro scale was used (mean score = 6.75). The evidence on whether IHE exerts acute positive effects on cognitive performance is currently rather inconclusive. However, a trend was discernible that implementing IHE can generate a beneficial chronic effect on cognitive function, although the results should be interpreted with caution. The clinical relevance of IHE as a time-efficient type of physical exercise to improve cognitive function warrants further investigation. Methodology and safety considerations were discussed.Systematic Review Registration: (https://osf.io/gbzp9).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhu
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Yuxin Zhu,
| | - Shan He
- School of Physical Education, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Disease, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sisi Tao
- Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tian-Yu Gao
- School of Physical Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Effect of Lower- versus Higher-Intensity Isometric Handgrip Training in Adults with Hypertension: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9090287. [PMID: 36135432 PMCID: PMC9500826 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9090287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effects of lower- versus higher-intensity isometric handgrip exercise on resting blood pressure (BP) and associated clinical markers in adults with hypertension. Thirty-nine males were randomly assigned to one of three groups, including isometric handgrip at 60% maximal voluntary contraction (IHG-60), isometric handgrip at 30% IHG-30, or a control group (CON) that had been instructed to continue with their current activities of daily living. The volume was equated between the exercise groups, with IHG-60 performing 8 × 30-s contractions and IHG-30 performing 4 × 2-min contractions. Training was performed three times per week for 8 weeks. Resting BP (median [IQR]), flow-mediated dilation, heart rate variability, and serum markers of inflammation and oxidative stress were measured pre- and post-intervention. Systolic BP was significantly reduced for IHG-60 (−15.5 mmHg [−18.75, −7.25]) and IHG-30 (−5.0 mmHg [−7.5, −3.5]) compared to CON (p < 0.01), but no differences were observed between both the exercise groups. A greater reduction in diastolic BP was observed for IHG-60 (−5.0 mmHg [−6.0, −4.25] compared to IHG-30 (−2.0 mmHg [−2.5, −2.0], p = 0.042), and for both exercise groups compared to CON (p < 0.05). Flow-mediated dilation increased for both exercise groups versus CON (p < 0.001). IHG-30 had greater reductions in interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α compared to the other groups (p < 0.05) and CON (p = 0.018), respectively. There was a reduction in Endothelin-1 for IHG-60 compared to CON (p = 0.018). Both the lower- and higher-intensity IHG training appear to be associated with reductions in resting BP and improvements in clinical markers of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Hemmings L, Heneghan NR, Byrd E, Stubbs B, Soundy A. Healthcare professionals' perceptions and experiences of physiotherapy for people with mental illness: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-ethnography. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061227. [PMID: 36002219 PMCID: PMC9413177 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a high global prevalence of patients presenting with physical and mental health comorbidities. Physiotherapeutic interventions, such as exercise, can have positive benefits for physical and mental health. However, poor accessibility and negative experiences of healthcare services for those with mental illness (MI) have been consistently observed within literature with recent research identifying poor experiences of physiotherapeutic interactions and processes such as referrals and discharges. One way to help improve physiotherapy services for this population is to understand the personal experiences and perceptions of healthcare professionals (HCPs) toward physiotherapy for patients with MI. Qualitative-based evidence syntheses are suited to bring this data together with the aim of improving physiotherapy services for patients with MI. This review will systematically search and synthesise existing evidence around HCP experiences and perceptions of physiotherapy for people with MI. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic search and seven-phase meta-ethnography will be undertaken. A comprehensive search of electronic databases (CINAHL plus, MEDLINE, Pubmed, Embase and Psycinfo) and search engines as well as grey literature (unpublished primary research such as theses) will be completed. Searches are planned to take place in July 2022. Eligibility criteria include: (a) qualitative data, (b) perceptions identified from HCP, including physiotherapists, assistants and HCP referring into physiotherapy, about physiotherapy for patients with MI and (c) are primary studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This work is exempt from requiring ethical approval due to review methodology with data accessed from published works. This systematic review is expected to provide insight into experiences and perceptions of HCP around benefits and barriers to accessing physiotherapy for patients with mental health illness. Findings will be used to inform further research and co-develop recommendations to overcome barriers and optimise facilitators to care for this population. Findings will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journal, conference presentations and to key stakeholder groups. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021293035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hemmings
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicola R Heneghan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Erin Byrd
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Physiotherapy Departmen, South London and Maudsley National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Andrew Soundy
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Carbonell-Hernandez L, Ballester-Ferrer JA, Sitges-Macia E, Bonete-Lopez B, Roldan A, Cervello E, Pastor D. Different Exercise Types Produce the Same Acute Inhibitory Control Improvements When the Subjective Intensity Is Equal. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:9748. [PMID: 35955103 PMCID: PMC9368332 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-eight active older people (67.19 ± 4.91 years) who engaged in physical exercise activity twice a week were recruited to participate in a counterbalanced experimental protocol. The participants performed three different exercise sessions on three different days, one based on aerobic activities, one based on strength exercises with elastic bands, and one based on stationary balance games. During all three sessions, they were encouraged to maintain a moderate subjective intensity (5-6 on the RPE10 scale), and their heart rate was recorded. In addition, all of the participants took a digital version of the Stroop test before and after each session. The study aimed to compare the acute cognitive impacts of different types of exercise sessions in older adults. The participants' heart rate differed between the exercise sessions, but they maintained the RPE intensity. There was a significant improvement in inhibitory control (Stroop test) after all sessions, with no differences between exercise sessions. Moreover, some participants agreed to be genotyped to record the single nucleotide polymorphism of BDNF rs6265. There were no differences between Val/Val and Met carriers at the beginning or end of the exercise sessions. The present study showed similar cognitive improvements with different exercise type sessions when the subjective intensity was maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carbonell-Hernandez
- Sports Research Center, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | | | - Esther Sitges-Macia
- Department of Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Beatriz Bonete-Lopez
- Department of Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Alba Roldan
- Sports Research Center, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Eduardo Cervello
- Sports Research Center, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Diego Pastor
- Sports Research Center, Department of Sport Sciences, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
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Physical Exercise and Cognitive Function. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159564. [PMID: 35954921 PMCID: PMC9368601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive skills are relevant predictors of academic achievement, employability, socioeconomic success, health, and longevity [...]
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Forent B, Maxime B, Catherine-Alexandra G, Christine G, Nathalie TT, Eric T, Anil N, Martin J, Jonathan T, Mathieu G, Louis B. Differences in cognitive function, cardiorespiratory fitness and BDNF concentration in physically active CHD patients vs healthy controls. Brain Res 2022; 1793:148019. [PMID: 35863462 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease (CHD) is frequently associated with cognitive impairment (CI), whereas physical exercise may improve cognition. To date, the cognitive profile of physically active CHD patients remains poorly understood. Physical activity and cognition has been associated with neurotrophic biomarkers that are positively modulated by a higher cardiorespiratory fitness (V̇ O2peak) and/or active lifestyle. This study aimed to compare the cognitive functions, V̇ O2peak and trophic biomarkers in physically active CHD patients vs healthy controls. METHODS Thirty-nine CHD patients and 20 controls performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test, a neuropsychological assessment (short-term and working memory, processing speed, executive functions, and long-term verbal memory), and a blood draw to measure brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), and cathepsin B (CTSB) plasma concentrations. Physical activity was also measured with an accelerometer for 1 week. RESULTS Compared to controls, CHD patients had lower V̇ O2peak (22.2 vs 29.3 mL/min/kg, p<0.001), but similar moderate to vigorous physical activity levels (27.5 vs 34.4 min/day, p=0.114). CHD patients had poorer performances for executive functions (0.198 vs -0.370, p=0.004) and processing speed (0.150 vs -0.293, p=0.025), as well as lower BDNF concentrations (166.4 vs 300.2 ng/ml, p=0.027), but similar IGF-1 and CTSB concentrations (p>0.05) when compared to controls. BDNF was an independent predictor of processing speed in CHD, and IGF-1 and BDNF were independent predictors of verbal memory in healthy controls. CONCLUSION Despite similar physical activity levels, fit CHD patients had lower V̇ O2peak values, cognitive performances (executive functions and processing speed) and BDNF concentrations when compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besnier Forent
- Research center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Boidin Maxime
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom; School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Thorin Eric
- Research center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Nigam Anil
- Research center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Juneau Martin
- Research center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tremblay Jonathan
- School of Kinesiology and Exercise Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gayda Mathieu
- Research center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bherer Louis
- Research center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; Research Centre, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal, Canada.
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Herold F, Theobald P, Gronwald T, Rapp MA, Müller NG. Going digital - a commentary on the terminology used at the intersection of physical activity and digital health. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2022; 19:17. [PMID: 35840899 PMCID: PMC9287128 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-022-00296-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years digital technologies have become a major means for providing health-related services and this trend was strongly reinforced by the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As it is well-known that regular physical activity has positive effects on individual physical and mental health and thus is an important prerequisite for healthy aging, digital technologies are also increasingly used to promote unstructured and structured forms of physical activity. However, in the course of this development, several terms (e.g., Digital Health, Electronic Health, Mobile Health, Telehealth, Telemedicine, and Telerehabilitation) have been introduced to refer to the application of digital technologies to provide health-related services such as physical interventions. Unfortunately, the above-mentioned terms are often used in several different ways, but also relatively interchangeably. Given that ambiguous terminology is a major source of difficulty in scientific communication which can impede the progress of theoretical and empirical research, this article aims to make the reader aware of the subtle differences between the relevant terms which are applied at the intersection of physical activity and Digital Health and to provide state-of-art definitions for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Paula Theobald
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael A Rapp
- Research Focus Cognitive Sciences, Division of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
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Brain hemodynamic changes during sprint interval cycling exercise and recovery periods. Sci Sports 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scispo.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Amir NH, Dorobantu DM, Wadey CA, Caputo M, Stuart AG, Pieles GE, Williams CA. Exercise training in paediatric congenital heart disease: fit for purpose? Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:525-534. [PMID: 34535443 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-321390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exercise and physical activity (PA) have been shown to be effective, safe and feasible in both healthy children and children with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, implementing exercise training as an intervention is still not routine in children with CHD despite considerable evidence of health benefits and well-being. Understanding how children with CHD can safely participate in exercise can boost participation in PA and subsequently reduce inactivity-related diseases. Home-based exercise intervention, with the use of personal wearable activity trackers, and high-intensity interval training have been beneficial in adults' cardiac rehabilitation programmes. However, these remain underutilised in paediatric care. Therefore, the aims of this narrative review were to synthesise prescribed exercise interventions in children with CHD, identify possible limitation to exercise training prescription and provide an overview on how to best integrate exercise intervention effectively for this population into daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Hidayah Amir
- Department of Translational Health Sciences and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Dan M Dorobantu
- Department of Translational Health Sciences and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Curtis A Wadey
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Massimo Caputo
- Department of Translational Health Sciences and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Congenital Heart Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - A Graham Stuart
- Department of Translational Health Sciences and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Congenital Heart Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK
| | - Guido E Pieles
- Department of Translational Health Sciences and Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK .,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Congenital Heart Unit, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, UK.,Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Craig A Williams
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre (CHERC), University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Behrendt T, Bielitzki R, Behrens M, Herold F, Schega L. Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia on Performance- and Health-Related Outcomes in Humans: A Systematic Review. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2022; 8:70. [PMID: 35639211 PMCID: PMC9156652 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-022-00450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent hypoxia applied at rest or in combination with exercise promotes multiple beneficial adaptations with regard to performance and health in humans. It was hypothesized that replacing normoxia by moderate hyperoxia can increase the adaptive response to the intermittent hypoxic stimulus. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to systematically review the current state of the literature on the effects of chronic intermittent hypoxia-hyperoxia (IHH) on performance- and health-related outcomes in humans. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science™, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines (January 2000 to September 2021) using the following inclusion criteria: (1) original research articles involving humans, (2) investigation of the chronic effect of IHH, (3) inclusion of a control group being not exposed to IHH, and (4) articles published in peer-reviewed journals written in English. RESULTS Of 1085 articles initially found, eight studies were included. IHH was solely performed at rest in different populations including geriatric patients (n = 1), older patients with cardiovascular (n = 3) and metabolic disease (n = 2) or cognitive impairment (n = 1), and young athletes with overtraining syndrome (n = 1). The included studies confirmed the beneficial effects of chronic exposure to IHH, showing improvements in exercise tolerance, peak oxygen uptake, and global cognitive functions, as well as lowered blood glucose levels. A trend was discernible that chronic exposure to IHH can trigger a reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The evidence of whether IHH exerts beneficial effects on blood lipid levels and haematological parameters is currently inconclusive. A meta-analysis was not possible because the reviewed studies had a considerable heterogeneity concerning the investigated populations and outcome parameters. CONCLUSION Based on the published literature, it can be suggested that chronic exposure to IHH might be a promising non-pharmacological intervention strategy for improving peak oxygen consumption, exercise tolerance, and cognitive performance as well as reducing blood glucose levels, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure in older patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases or cognitive impairment. However, further randomized controlled trials with adequate sample sizes are needed to confirm and extend the evidence. This systematic review was registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42021281248) ( https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bielitzki
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopaedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Doberaner Str. 142, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Fabian Herold
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Disease, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Universitätsplatz 2, 39104 Magdeburg, Germany
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Chulvi-Medrano I, Thomas E, Padua E. Physical Exercise for Health and Performance Post-Pandemic COVID-19 Era, a Renewed Emphasis on Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116475. [PMID: 35682061 PMCID: PMC9180432 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
After the period of forced quarantine due to the COVID-19 epidemic, the physiological principle of detraining became more evident than ever [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Chulvi-Medrano
- Sport Performance and Physical Fitness Research Group (UIRFIDE), Department of Physical and Sports Education, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Ewan Thomas
- Sport and Exercise Research Unit, Department of Psychological, Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Elvira Padua
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy;
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Behrendt T, Bielitzki R, Behrens M, Glazachev OS, Schega L. Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia-Hyperoxia Exposure Prior to Aerobic Cycling Exercise on Physical and Cognitive Performance in Geriatric Patients—A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Physiol 2022; 13:899096. [PMID: 35694402 PMCID: PMC9178199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.899096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: It was recently shown that intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure (IHHE) applied prior to a multimodal training program promoted additional improvements in cognitive and physical performance in geriatric patients compared to physical training only. However, there is a gap in the literature to which extent the addition of IHHE can enhance the effects of an aerobic training. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of IHHE applied prior to aerobic cycling exercise on cognitive and physical performance in geriatric patients. Methods: In a randomized, two-armed, controlled, and single-blinded trial, 25 geriatric patients (77–94 years) were assigned to two groups: intervention group (IG) and sham control group (CG). Both groups completed 6 weeks of aerobic training using a motorized cycle ergometer, three times a week for 20 min per day. The IG was additionally exposed to intermittent hypoxic and hyperoxic periods for 30 min prior to exercise. The CG followed the similar procedure breathing sham hypoxia and hyperoxia (i.e., normoxia). Within 1 week before and after the interventions, cognitive performance was assessed with the Dementia-Detection Test (DemTect) and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), while physical performance was measured using the Timed “Up and Go” Test (TUG) and the Short-Physical-Performance-Battery (SPPB). Results: No interaction effect was found with respect to the DemTect (ηp2 = 0.02). An interaction effect with medium effect size (ηp2 = 0.08) was found for CDT performance with a higher change over time for IG (d = 0.57) compared to CG (d = 0.05). The ANCOVA with baseline-adjustment indicated between-group differences with a large and medium effect size at post-test for the TUG (ηp2 = 0.29) and SPPB (ηp2 = 0.06) performance, respectively, in favour of the IG. Within-group post-hoc analysis showed that the TUG performance was worsened in the CG (d = 0.65) and remained unchanged in the IG (d = 0.19). Furthermore, SPPB performance was increased (d = 0.58) in IG, but no relevant change over time was found for CG (d = 0.00). Conclusion: The current study suggests that an additional IHHE prior to aerobic cycling exercise seems to be more effective to increase global cognitive functions as well as physical performance and to preserve functional mobility in geriatric patients in comparison to aerobic exercise alone after a 6-week intervention period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Department for Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tom Behrendt,
| | - Robert Bielitzki
- Department for Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- Department for Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oleg S. Glazachev
- Department Human Physiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department for Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Herbert C. Enhancing Mental Health, Well-Being and Active Lifestyles of University Students by Means of Physical Activity and Exercise Research Programs. Front Public Health 2022; 10:849093. [PMID: 35548074 PMCID: PMC9082407 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.849093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders (e.g., depression) and sedentary behavior are increasing, also among emerging adults. One particular target group of emerging adults with high sitting times and vulnerability to mental disorders are university students. In particular, anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as stress symptoms are very common among university students. The present manuscript discusses whether physical activity and exercise interventions can help to promote the mental health of emerging adults such as university students. The manuscript will summarize current scientific evidence and based on this evidence, introduce an university-based scientific research project that investigates if physical activity, exercise interventions and acute bouts of exercise of low- to moderate intensity can buffer perceived stress, alleviate mental health symptoms and strengthen well-being (psychologically and physiologically) among university students by positively influencing depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress and emotion perception, body awareness and subjective well-being including overall quality of life. The research project, its concept, multimethod approach, and first results from available studies are discussed in relation to current scientific evidence, health care needs and future developments. The results from the studies conducted within the research project so far and that are briefly summarized in this manuscript suggest that physical activity, mental health and well-being are positively related, also in university students as an important group of emerging adults. The results further suggest that exercise interventions comprising aerobic exercises of low- to moderate intensity may work best to improve mental health (alleviate depressive symptoms and perceived stress) among university students after a few weeks of intervention. In addition, acute bouts of certain types of exercises (yoga in particular) seem to be particularly effective in changing perception of bodily signals, cardiac activity and emotion processing immediately after the exercise. The results underscore the importance of systematic investigations of the combined examination of psychological and physiological factors that promote an active lifestyle and that strengthen mental health and well-being (psychologically and physiologically) among emerging adults such as university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Herbert
- Applied Emotion and Motivation Psychology, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Ballester-Ferrer JA, Carbonell-Hernández L, Pastor D, Cervelló E. COVID-19 Quarantine Impact on Wellbeing and Cognitive Functioning During a 10-Week High-Intensity Functional Training Program in Young University Students. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:822199. [PMID: 35464146 PMCID: PMC9028760 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.822199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise can improve cognitive functioning and wellbeing; however, the degree of change in either of these two variables seems to be related to the exercise intensity or type. Therefore, new physical training (PT) programs have been developed to increase exercise efficiency. One such example is high-intensity functional training (HIFT), which has proven to be a time-efficient and highly effective strategy to improve physical fitness. This study analyzed whether HIFT can affect reaction time (RT) and vitality, as well as positive and negative affect. Forty-two college students participated in the study, 21 in the experimental group and 21 in the control group. The experimental group completed 10 weeks of training, five of which were supervised, and the remainder consisted of online training during the COVID-19 quarantine. Participants were evaluated at the beginning, at the end of the 5 weeks of supervised training, and after the 5 weeks of online training. HIFT improved RT without changes in psychological wellbeing during the entire period of training supervised and online. Therefore, during the HIFT program, the quarantine situation did not adversely affect this population’s wellbeing, but it did negatively affect adherence to the training program.
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Nerz C, Kramer-Gmeiner F, Jansen CP, Labudek S, Klenk J, Becker C, Schwenk M. Group-Based and Individually Delivered LiFE: Content Evaluation and Predictors of Training Response – A Dose-Response Analysis. Clin Interv Aging 2022; 17:637-652. [PMID: 35509348 PMCID: PMC9057901 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s359150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Material and Methods Results Discussion and Conclusion Trial Registration
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Nerz
- Department for Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- Correspondence: Corinna Nerz, Department for Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Auerbachstr. 110, Stuttgart, 70376, Germany, Tel +49 711-81010 6070, Fax +49 711 8101 3194, Email
| | | | - Carl-Philipp Jansen
- Department for Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Sports and Sports Sciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Labudek
- Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Klenk
- Department for Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- IB University of Health and Social Sciences, Study Centre Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Clemens Becker
- Department for Clinical Gerontology, Robert-Bosch-Hospital, Stuttgart, Germany
- Unit Digitale Geriatrie, Medical Faculty of the University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schwenk
- Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Wollesen B, Janssen TI, Müller H, Voelcker-Rehage C. Effects of cognitive-motor dual task training on cognitive and physical performance in healthy children and adolescents: A scoping review. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2022; 224:103498. [PMID: 35091209 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous dual- or multitasking training has been used in manifold ways to improve cognitive-motor performance in different age groups. Dual task (DT) training is assumed to improve both, single task (ST) motor and cognitive performance, but particularly, performance under dual tasking conditions. Further, DT interventions have been shown to be beneficial for motor skill learning and cognitive performance as well as academic achievements in children and adolescents. The aim of this scoping review was to summarize current evidence on different cognitive-motor interventions that practice motor and cognitive performance simultaneously in children and adolescents and to identify training regimes that are most effective to improve cognitive or motor performance in this target group. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched (Pubmed, MEDLINE, Web of Science and APA Psycinfo) until May 2021. Following the PRISMA guidelines, title, abstract, and full-text screening as well as quality assessment was done by two independent reviewers. Studies were eligible if they (1) were published in English or German language, (2) accessible as a full-text version, (3) included at least one group of children or adolescents with a mean age of 4 to 21 years, (4) used dual-tasks as part of the intervention, (5) conducted one or more training sessions, and (6) reported at least one cognitive or motor outcome. The main outcome measures were cognitive and motor as well as cognitive-motor DT performance. Due to the heterogeneity in the characteristics of the included studies, we designed this review as a scoping review. RESULTS Seven studies met the inclusion criteria (n = 543, age four to 14 years, 47.1% female). One study reported two intervention experiments. Studies differed in sample size (20-189) as well as in type of training (specific or general DT training) and dose (frequency: one session/week to 110 sessions within 22 weeks). Overall, task-specific improvements in physical and cognitive functions were found, but not consistently across all interventions. Two interventions out of five interventions that measured motor performance demonstrated improvement in that domain, especially in balance. Three out of five interventions that measured cognitive functions found improved cognition. Only one study examined DT performance post training but failed to gain significant improvements in comparison to a control group. Studies only occasionally integrated training principles like individualization or progression in the design of their intervention. DISCUSSION The results indicate that DT training interventions may improve physical and/or cognitive functions in children and adolescents. Best practice recommendations for training regimes cannot be derived as outcomes differed a lot and were not systematically assessed across studies. Future studies should integrate more principles of training monitoring and aspects like individualization and progression to provide ideal training control and achieve better DT training results. Further, more high-quality trials are needed that adhere to the previous concepts. PSYCINFO CLASSIFICATION 2340 Cognitive Processes 2820 Cognitive & Perceptual Development. 3720 Sports.
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