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Zou X, Khan I, Wang Y, Hussain M, Jiang B, Zheng L, Pan Y, Hu J, Khalid MU. Preparation of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by bio-imprinted lipase-catalyzed interesterification. Food Chem 2024; 455:139907. [PMID: 38823130 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Medium and long-chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were obtained in three-hour interesterification of fish oil with medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCTs), using lipase bio-imprinted with surfactant as a catalyst. Initially, for bio-imprinted lipase preparation, the interesterification reaction conditions were optimized, resulting in a lipase with 1.47 times higher catalytic activity compared to control (non-bio-imprinted). Afterwards, the reaction conditions for MLCT synthesis were optimized, using bio-imprinted lipase as a catalyst. The reaction reached equilibrium within first three hours at 70 °C temperature, 4 wt% lipase load, and molar ratio of substrate 1:1.5. Under these conditions, final product contained 18.52% MCT, 56.65% MLCT, and 24.83% long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT). To reduce the MCT content, a solvent extraction process was performed, yielding 2.42% MCT, 56.19% MLCT, and 41.39% LCT. The obtained structured lipids (SLs), enriched in n-3 PUFAs, offer significant health benefits, enhanced bioavailability, with potential applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Imad Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mudassar Hussain
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuechao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jijie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
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Duailibe JBB, Viau CM, Saffi J, Fernandes SA, Porawski M. Protective effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on hepatorenal syndrome in rats. World J Nephrol 2024; 13:95627. [PMID: 39351184 PMCID: PMC11439093 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v13.i3.95627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is the most prevalent form of acute kidney injury in cirrhotic patients. It is characterized by reduced renal blood flow and represents the most severe complication in cirrhotic patients with advanced disease. Previous research has indicated that antioxidants can delay the onset of a hyperdynamic circulatory state in cirrhosis and improve renal function in HRS patients. Regular omega-3 supplementation has significantly reduced the risk of liver disease. This supplementation could represent an additional therapy for individuals with HRS. AIM To evaluated the antioxidant effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on the kidneys of cirrhotic rats. METHODS Secondary biliary cirrhosis was induced in rats by biliary duct ligation (BDL) for 28 d. We used 24 male Wistar rats divided into the following groups: I (control); II (treated with omega-3, 1 g/kg of body weight); III (BDL treated with omega-3, 1 g/kg of body weight); and IV (BDL without treatment). The animals were killed by overdose of anesthetic; the kidneys were dissected, removed, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored in a freezer at -80℃ for later analysis. We evaluated oxidative stress, nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, DNA damage by the comet assay, cell viability test, and apoptosis in the kidneys. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, and means were compared using the Tukey test, with P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Omega-3 significantly decreased the production of reactive oxygen species (P < 0.001) and lipoperoxidation in the kidneys of cirrhotic rats treated with omega-3 (P < 0.001). The activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase increased in the BDL+omega-3 group compared to the BDL group (P < 0.01). NO production, DNA damage, and caspase-9 cleavage decreased significantly in the omega-3-treated BDL group. There was an increase in mitochondrial electrochemical potential (P < 0.001) in BDL treated with omega-3 compared to BDL. No changes in the cell survival index in HRS with omega-3 compared to the control group (P > 0.05) were observed. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates that omega-3 can protect cellular integrity and function by increasing antioxidant enzymes, inhibiting the formation of free radicals, and reducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Bruno Beretta Duailibe
- Department of Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Cassiana Macagnan Viau
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Jenifer Saffi
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Alves Fernandes
- Department of Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- Department of Hepatology and Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90050-170, Brazil
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Maehashi S, Arora K, Fisher AL, Schweitzer DR, Akefe IO. Neurolipidomic insights into anxiety disorders: Uncovering lipid dynamics for potential therapeutic advances. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105741. [PMID: 38838875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders constitute a spectrum of psychological conditions affecting millions of individuals worldwide, imposing a significant health burden. Historically, the development of anxiolytic medications has been largely focused on neurotransmitter function and modulation. However, in recent years, neurolipids emerged as a prime target for understanding psychiatric pathogenesis and developing novel medications. Neurolipids influence various neural activities such as neurotransmission and cellular functioning, as well as maintaining cell membrane integrity. Therefore, this review aims to elucidate the alterations in neurolipids associated with an anxious mental state and explore their potential as targets of novel anxiolytic medications. Existing evidence tentatively associates dysregulated neurolipid levels with the etiopathology of anxiety disorders. Notably, preclinical investigations suggest that several neurolipids, including endocannabinoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids, may hold promise as potential pharmacological targets. Overall, the current literature tentatively suggests the involvement of lipids in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, hinting at potential prospects for future pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Maehashi
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Kabir Arora
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andre Lara Fisher
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Isaac Oluwatobi Akefe
- Academy for Medical Education, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
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Gusdon AM, Savarraj JPJ, Feng D, Starkman A, Li G, Bodanapally U, Zimmerman W, Ryan AS, Choi HA, Badjatia N. Identification of metabolites associated with preserved muscle volume after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage due to high protein supplementation and neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15071. [PMID: 38956192 PMCID: PMC11219968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The INSPIRE randomized clinical trial demonstrated that a high protein diet (HPRO) combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) attenuates muscle atrophy and may improve outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage We sought to identify specific metabolites mediating these effects. Blood samples were collected from subjects on admission prior to randomization to either standard of care (SOC; N = 12) or HPRO + NMES (N = 12) and at 7 days. Untargeted metabolomics were performed for each plasma sample. Sparse partial least squared discriminant analysis identified metabolites differentiating each group. Correlation coefficients were calculated between each metabolite and total protein per day and muscle volume. Multivariable models determined associations between metabolites and muscle volume. Unique metabolites (18) were identified differentiating SOC from HPRO + NMES. Of these, 9 had significant positive correlations with protein intake. In multivariable models, N-acetylleucine was significantly associated with preserved temporalis [OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.01, 1.16)] and quadricep [OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.02, 1.15)] muscle volume. Quinolinate was also significantly associated with preserved temporalis [OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.01, 1.09)] and quadricep [OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.00, 1.07)] muscle volume. N-acetylserine and β-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine were associated with preserved temporalis or quadricep volume. Metabolites defining HPRO + NMES had strong correlations with protein intake and were associated with preserved muscle volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Gusdon
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jude P J Savarraj
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diana Feng
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Adam Starkman
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guoyan Li
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatric, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Uttam Bodanapally
- Department of Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William Zimmerman
- Program in Trauma, Shock Trauma Neurocritical Care and Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, G7K19, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Alice S Ryan
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatric, and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huimahn A Choi
- Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Neeraj Badjatia
- Program in Trauma, Shock Trauma Neurocritical Care and Department of Neurology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene Street, G7K19, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Ziaei S, Mohammadi S, Hasani M, Morvaridi M, Belančić A, Daneshzad E, Saleh SAK, Adly HM, Heshmati J. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the omega-3 fatty acids effects on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:715-725. [PMID: 37589276 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2245996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) have attracted the attention of researchers because of their influence on circulatory levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our objective was to review systematically and Meta-analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the effects of omega-3 FAs supplementation on serum BDNF concentration. METHODS Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched until April 2023. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was utilized to evaluate the quality of the studies. A random-effects model was employed to estimate the overall effect size of BDNF levels, using the Standard Mean Difference (SMD) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). The heterogeneity among the studies was assessed using chi-squared and I2 statistics. RESULTS A total of 12 studies involving 587 subjects were included. The supplementation of PUFA was found to be associated with a significant increase in serum levels of BNDF in the group receiving the supplements, as compared to the placebo group (SMD: 0.72 pg/mL, 95% CI: 0.28, 1.15; P < 0.001) (I2 = 84.39%, P < 0.001). Sub-group analyses revealed similar findings in trials with fewer than 10 weeks, which utilized both animal (fish oil) and herbal (flaxseed) forms of omega-3 supplements with a high daily dosage of 2000mg. CONCLUSION The present systematic review and meta-analysis indicate the efficacy of omega-3 FAs in increasing the serum concentration of BDNF. Therefore, omega-3 FAs should be prioritized as agents for increasing BDNF in interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Ziaei
- ICU Department, Emam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Shooka Mohammadi
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Health, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Morvaridi
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrej Belančić
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology with Toxicology, University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Elnaz Daneshzad
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Saleh A K Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M Adly
- Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Songhor, Iran
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Signorini C, Pannuzzo G, Graziano ACE, Moretti E, Collodel G, Cardile V. Dietary Supplementation with n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Delays the Phenotypic Manifestation of Krabbe Disease and Partially Restores Lipid Mediator Production in the Brain-Study in a Mouse Model of the Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7149. [PMID: 39000257 PMCID: PMC11241235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid mediators from fatty acid oxidation have been shown to be associated with the severity of Krabbe disease (KD), a disorder linked to mutations in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. This study aims to investigate the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on KD traits and fatty acid metabolism using Twitcher (Tw) animals as a natural model for KD. Wild-type (Wt), heterozygous (Ht), and affected Tw animals were treated orally with 36 mg n-3 PUFAs/kg body weight/day from 10 to 35 days of life. The end product of PUFA peroxidation (8-isoprostane), the lipid mediator involved in the resolution of inflammatory exudates (resolvin D1), and the total amount of n-3 PUFAs were analyzed in the brains of mice. In Tw mice, supplementation with n-3 PUFAs delayed the manifestation of disease symptoms (p < 0.0001), and in the bran, decreased 8-isoprostane amounts (p < 0.0001), increased resolvin D1 levels (p < 0.005) and increased quantity of total n-3 PUFAs (p < 0.05). Furthermore, total brain n-3 PUFA levels were associated with disease severity (r = -0.562, p = 0.0001), resolvin D1 (r = 0.712, p < 0.0001), and 8-isoprostane brain levels (r = -0.690, p < 0.0001). For the first time in a natural model of KD, brain levels of n-3 PUFAs are shown to determine disease severity and to be involved in the peroxidation of brain PUFAs as well as in the production of pro-resolving lipid mediators. It is also shown that dietary supplementation with n-3 PUFAs leads to a slowing of the phenotypic presentation of the disease and restoration of lipid mediator production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Signorini
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giovanna Pannuzzo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.P.); (V.C.)
| | | | - Elena Moretti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giulia Collodel
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (E.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Venera Cardile
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.P.); (V.C.)
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Hajar A, Swathi NL, Ali A. Immunological Insights Into Nutritional Deficiency Disorders. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, AND CARE 2024:60-83. [DOI: 10.4018/979-8-3693-2947-4.ch004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Essential nutrients play a vital role in influencing immune cell development. This chapter explores the crucial relationship between nutrition and the immune system, delving into the profound impact of dietary choices on overall health. Research highlights the benefits of nutrient-rich foods in supporting optimal immune function, while deficiencies in key nutrients (vitamins A, D, zinc, and iron) compromise immune responses, increasing susceptibility to infections. The bidirectional nature of the relationship is emphasized, underscoring the critical role of a balanced diet in supporting immune cell development, activation, and function. Case studies illustrate immunological vulnerabilities linked to inadequate nutritional status, stressing the importance of maintaining optimal nutrient levels for a robust immune system. In summary, an individual's nutritional status significantly influences immune response effectiveness. Addressing deficiencies through supplementation, dietary interventions, and public health initiatives is crucial for improving immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azraida Hajar
- Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - N. L. Swathi
- Sri Venkateswara College of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, India
| | - Awais Ali
- Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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Kettunen P, Koistinaho J, Rolova T. Contribution of CNS and extra-CNS infections to neurodegeneration: a narrative review. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:152. [PMID: 38845026 PMCID: PMC11157808 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system infections have been suggested as a possible cause for neurodegenerative diseases, particularly sporadic cases. They trigger neuroinflammation which is considered integrally involved in neurodegenerative processes. In this review, we will look at data linking a variety of viral, bacterial, fungal, and protozoan infections to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis and unspecified dementia. This narrative review aims to bring together a broad range of data currently supporting the involvement of central nervous system infections in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. The idea that no single pathogen or pathogen group is responsible for neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed. Instead, we suggest that a wide range of susceptibility factors may make individuals differentially vulnerable to different infectious pathogens and subsequent pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinja Kettunen
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Taisia Rolova
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Chen TB, Yang CC, Tsai IJ, Yang HW, Hsu YC, Chang CM, Yang CP. Neuroimmunological effects of omega-3 fatty acids on migraine: a review. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1366372. [PMID: 38770523 PMCID: PMC11103013 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1366372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, imposing enormous clinical and economic burdens on individuals and societies. Current treatments exhibit limited efficacy and acceptability, highlighting the need for more effective and safety prophylactic approaches, including the use of nutraceuticals for migraine treatment. Migraine involves interactions within the central and peripheral nervous systems, with significant activation and sensitization of the trigeminovascular system (TVS) in pain generation and transmission. The condition is influenced by genetic predispositions and environmental factors, leading to altered sensory processing. The neuroinflammatory response is increasingly recognized as a key event underpinning the pathophysiology of migraine, involving a complex neuro-glio-vascular interplay. This interplay is partially mediated by neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene receptor peptide (CGRP), pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and/or cortical spreading depression (CSD) and involves oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation, activated microglia, and reactive astrocytes. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), crucial for the nervous system, mediate various physiological functions. Omega-3 PUFAs offer cardiovascular, neurological, and psychiatric benefits due to their potent anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, antioxidant, and neuromodulatory properties, which modulate neuroinflammation, neurogenic inflammation, pain transmission, enhance mitochondrial stability, and mood regulation. Moreover, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), a class of PUFA-derived lipid mediators, regulate pro-inflammatory and resolution pathways, playing significant anti-inflammatory and neurological roles, which in turn may be beneficial in alleviating the symptomatology of migraine. Omega-3 PUFAs impact various neurobiological pathways and have demonstrated a lack of major adverse events, underscoring their multifaceted approach and safety in migraine management. Although not all omega-3 PUFAs trials have shown beneficial in reducing the symptomatology of migraine, further research is needed to fully establish their clinical efficacy and understand the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of omega-3 PUFAs and PUFA-derived lipid mediators, SPMs on migraine pathophysiology and progression. This review highlights their potential in modulating brain functions, such as neuroimmunological effects, and suggests their promise as candidates for effective migraine prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Bin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wen Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chu Hsu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation ChiaYi Chistian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Jebali A, Rashidi M, Keikha R, Daliri K, Outeiro TF. Novel multifunctional nanoliposomes inhibit α-synuclein fibrillization, attenuate microglial activation, and silence the expression of SNCA gene. Neurologia 2024; 39:321-328. [PMID: 38616059 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to compare the effect of five types of PEGlated nanoliposomes (PNLs) on α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrillization, attenuation of microglial activation, and silence of the SNCA gene, which encodes α-syn. METHODS To evaluate the inhibition of α-syn fibrillization, we used standard in vitro assay based on Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence. Next, to evaluate the attenuation of microglial activation, the concentration of TNF-a and IL-6 was quantified by ELISA assay in BV2 microglia cells treated with 100nM A53T α-syn and PNLs. In order to determine the silencing of the SNCA, real-time PCR and Western blot analysis was used. Finally, the efficacy of PNLs was confirmed in a transgenic mouse model expressing human α-syn. RESULTS ThT assay showed both PNL1 and PNL2 significantly inhibited a-syn fibrillization. ELISA test also showed the production of TNF-a and IL-6 was significantly attenuated when microglial cells treated with PNL1 or PNL2. We also found that SNCA gene, at both mRNA and protein levels, was significantly silenced when BV2 microglia cells were treated with PNL1 or PNL2. Importantly, the efficacy of PNL1 and PNL2 was finally confirmed in vivo in a transgenic mouse model. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the novel multifunctional nanoliposomes tested in our study inhibit α-syn fibrillization, attenuate microglial activation, and silence SNCA gene. Our findings suggest the therapeutic potential of PNL1 and PNL2 for treating synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jebali
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Rashidi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - R Keikha
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
| | - K Daliri
- Child Development Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Dehkadeh Salamat Faroq, Faroq, Fars, Iran
| | - T F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany; Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Scientific employee with an honorary contract at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Zielinsky P, Alves DR, Foresti JDÁ, Guimarães DB, Zucatti KP, Vian I. Maternal supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid does not cause constriction of fetal ductus arteriosus: randomized controlled trial. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2024; 63:586-591. [PMID: 38214544 DOI: 10.1002/uog.27584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is recommended routinely in pregnancy to promote fetal development. DHA has anti-inflammatory activity, but its effects on the fetal heart and circulation are unknown. This study aimed to investigate whether maternal DHA supplementation in the third trimester affects maternal prostaglandin levels and fetal ductus arteriosus flow dynamics. METHODS This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial with parallel groups conducted between 2018 and 2021. Pregnant women aged over 18 years with a normal fetus at 27-28 weeks' gestation showing no cardiac/extracardiac anomalies or ductal constriction were eligible for the trial. Women consuming substances with a known inhibitory effect on prostaglandin metabolism, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and polyphenol-rich foods, were excluded. The intervention group received oral supplementation of omega-3 with 450 mg/day of DHA for 8 weeks and the placebo group received capsules of soy lecithin for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, assessment of polyphenol and omega-3 consumption, fetal morphological ultrasound examination, fetal Doppler echocardiographic examination and blood sample collection were performed at the start of the study and the latter two were repeated at follow-up. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level and echocardiographic parameters were compared between the intervention and placebo groups and between baseline and follow-up. RESULTS A total of 24 participants were included in each group. After 8 weeks, there were no significant differences between the intervention and placebo groups in maternal serum PGE2 level or Doppler echocardiographic parameters of ductal flow. No case of ductus arteriosus constriction was observed. The expected intragroup changes in cardiac morphology, as a result of advancing gestation, were present. CONCLUSIONS Maternal DHA supplementation in the third trimester at a clinically recommended dose did not result in inhibition of PGE2 or constriction of the ductus arteriosus. These findings should be confirmed in postmarket surveillance studies with larger patient numbers in order to test the full safety profile of DHA and provide robust clinical reassurance. © 2024 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zielinsky
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - D R Alves
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - J D Á Foresti
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - D B Guimarães
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - K P Zucatti
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - I Vian
- Fetal Cardiology Unit, Institute of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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12
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Wang HF, Liu WC, Zailani H, Yang CC, Chen TB, Chang CM, Tsai IJ, Yang CP, Su KP. A 12-week randomized double-blind clinical trial of eicosapentaenoic acid intervention in episodic migraine. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:459-467. [PMID: 38499208 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may benefit migraine improvement, though prior studies are inconclusive. This study evaluated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on episodic migraine (EM) prevention. Seventy individuals with EM participated in a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial from March 2020 and May 2022. They were randomly assigned to either the EPA (N = 35, 2 g fish oil with 1.8 g of EPA as a stand-alone treatment daily), or the placebo group (N = 35, 2 g soybean oil daily). Migraine frequency and headache severity were assessed using the monthly migraine days, visual analog scale (VAS), Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Migraine-Specific Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (MSQ), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in comparison to baseline measurements. The EPA group significantly outperformed the placebo in reducing monthly migraine days (-4.4 ± 5.1 days vs. - 0.6 ± 3.5 days, p = 0.001), days using acute headache medication (-1.3 ± 3.0 days vs. 0.1 ± 2.3 days, p = 0.035), improving scores for headache severity (ΔVAS score: -1.3 ± 2.4 vs. 0.0 ± 2.2, p = 0.030), disability (ΔMIDAS score: -13.1 ± 16.2 vs. 2.6 ± 20.2, p = 0.001), anxiety and depression (ΔHADS score: -3.9 ± 9.4 vs. 1.1 ± 9.1, p = 0.025), and quality of life (ΔMSQ score: -11.4 ± 19.0 vs. 3.1 ± 24.6, p = 0.007). Notably, female particularly benefited from EPA, underscoring its potential in migraine management. In conclusion, high-dose EPA has significantly reduced migraine frequency and severity, improved psychological symptoms and quality of life in EM patients, and shown no major adverse events, suggesting its potential as a prophylactic for EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Halliru Zailani
- Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chia Yang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Bin Chen
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pai Yang
- Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan; Mind-Body Interface Research Center (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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13
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Akefe IO, Saber SH, Matthews B, Venkatesh BG, Gormal RS, Blackmore DG, Alexander S, Sieriecki E, Gambin Y, Bertran-Gonzalez J, Vitale N, Humeau Y, Gaudin A, Ellis SA, Michaels AA, Xue M, Cravatt B, Joensuu M, Wallis TP, Meunier FA. The DDHD2-STXBP1 interaction mediates long-term memory via generation of saturated free fatty acids. EMBO J 2024; 43:533-567. [PMID: 38316990 PMCID: PMC10897203 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The phospholipid and free fatty acid (FFA) composition of neuronal membranes plays a crucial role in learning and memory, but the mechanisms through which neuronal activity affects the brain's lipid landscape remain largely unexplored. The levels of saturated FFAs, particularly of myristic acid (C14:0), strongly increase during neuronal stimulation and memory acquisition, suggesting the involvement of phospholipase A1 (PLA1) activity in synaptic plasticity. Here, we show that genetic ablation of the PLA1 isoform DDHD2 in mice dramatically reduces saturated FFA responses to memory acquisition across the brain. Furthermore, DDHD2 loss also decreases memory performance in reward-based learning and spatial memory models prior to the development of neuromuscular deficits that mirror human spastic paraplegia. Via pulldown-mass spectrometry analyses, we find that DDHD2 binds to the key synaptic protein STXBP1. Using STXBP1/2 knockout neurosecretory cells and a haploinsufficient STXBP1+/- mouse model of human early infantile encephalopathy associated with intellectual disability and motor dysfunction, we show that STXBP1 controls targeting of DDHD2 to the plasma membrane and generation of saturated FFAs in the brain. These findings suggest key roles for DDHD2 and STXBP1 in lipid metabolism and in the processes of synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac O Akefe
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Academy for Medical Education, Medical School, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, 4006, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Saber H Saber
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Matthews
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Bharat G Venkatesh
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rachel S Gormal
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel G Blackmore
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Suzy Alexander
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Emma Sieriecki
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Node, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Yann Gambin
- School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Randwick, NSW, 2052, Australia
- EMBL Australia, Single Molecule Node, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | | | - Nicolas Vitale
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, UPR-3212 CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yann Humeau
- Interdisciplinary Institute for Neuroscience, CNRS UMR 5297, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Arnaud Gaudin
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Sevannah A Ellis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alysee A Michaels
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mingshan Xue
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- The Cain Foundation Laboratories, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin Cravatt
- The Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Merja Joensuu
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Tristan P Wallis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Tavera-Hernández R, Jiménez-Estrada M, Alvarado-Sansininea JJ, Huerta-Reyes M. Chia ( Salvia hispanica L.), a Pre-Hispanic Food in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Hypoglycemic, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Inhibitory Properties of α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase, and in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:8069. [PMID: 38138560 PMCID: PMC10745661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered one of the major health diseases worldwide, one that requires immediate alternatives to allow treatments for DM to be more effective and less costly for patients and also for health-care systems. Recent approaches propose treatments for DM based on that; in addition to focusing on reducing hyperglycemia, they also consider multitargets, as in the case of plants. Among these, we find the plant known as chia to be highlighted, a crop native to Mexico and one cultivated in Mesoamerica from pre-Hispanic times. The present work contributes to the review of the antidiabetic effects of chia for the treatment of DM. The antidiabetic effects of chia are effective in different mechanisms involved in the complex pathogenesis of DM, including hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and the inhibition of the enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase, as well as in the prevention of the risk of cardiovascular disease. The tests reviewed included 16 in vivo assays on rodent models, 13 clinical trials, and 4 in vitro tests. Furthermore, chia represents advantages over other natural products due to its availability and its acceptance and, in addition, as a component of the daily diet worldwide, especially due to its omega-3 fatty acids and its high concentration of dietary fiber. Thus, chia in the present work represents a source of antidiabetic agents that would perhaps be useful in novel clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Tavera-Hernández
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (R.T.-H.); (M.J.-E.)
| | - Manuel Jiménez-Estrada
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (R.T.-H.); (M.J.-E.)
| | - J. Javier Alvarado-Sansininea
- Herbario FEZA, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Batalla de 5 de mayo S/N, Col. Ejército de Oriente, Ciudad de México 09230, Mexico;
| | - Maira Huerta-Reyes
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades Nefrológicas, Hospital de Especialidades “Dr. Bernardo Sepúlveda Gutiérrez”, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico
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15
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Gusdon AM, Savarraj JP, Feng D, Starkman A, Li G, Bodanapally U, Zimmerman WD, Ryan AS, Choi HA, Badjatia N. High-Protein Supplementation and Neuromuscular Electric Stimulation after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Increases Systemic Amino Acid and Oxidative Metabolism: A Plasma Metabolomics Approach. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3600439. [PMID: 38014126 PMCID: PMC10680941 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3600439/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Background The INSPIRE randomized clinical trial demonstrated that a high protein diet (HPRO) combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) attenuates muscle atrophy and may improve functional outcomes after aSAH. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, we sought to identify specific metabolites mediating these effects. Methods Blood samples were collected from subjects on admission prior to randomization to either standard of care (SOC; N=12) or HPRO+NMES (N=12) and at 7 days as part of the INSPIRE protocol. Untargeted metabolomics were performed for each plasma sample. Paired fold changes were calculated for each metabolite among subjects in the HPRO+NMES group at baseline and 7 days after intervention. Changes in metabolites from baseline to 7 days were compared for the HPRO+NMES and SOC groups. Sparse partial least squared discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) identified metabolites discriminating each group. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between each metabolite and total protein per day, nitrogen balance, and muscle volume Multivariable models were developed to determine associations between each metabolite and muscle volume. Results A total of 18 unique metabolites were identified including pre and post treatment and differentiating SOC vs HPRO+NMES. Of these, 9 had significant positive correlations with protein intake: N-acetylserine (ρ=0.61, P =1.56x10 -3 ), N-acetylleucine (ρ=0.58, P =2.97x10 -3 ), β-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine (ρ=0.53, P =8.35x10 -3 ), tiglyl carnitine (ρ=0.48, P =0.0168), N-acetylisoleucine (ρ=0.48, P =0.0183), N-acetylthreonine (ρ=0.47, P =0.0218), N-acetylkynurenine (ρ=0.45, P =0.0263), N-acetylvaline (ρ=0.44, P =0.0306), and urea (ρ=0.43, P =0.0381). In multivariable regression models, N-acetylleucine was significantly associated with preserved temporalis [OR 1.08 (95%CI 1.01, 1.16)] and quadricep [OR 1.08 (95%CI 1.02, 1.15)] muscle volume. Quinolinate was also significantly associated with preserved temporalis [OR 1.05 (95%CI 1.01, 1.09)] and quadricep [OR 1.04 (95%CI 1.00, 1.07)] muscle volume. N-acetylserine, N-acetylcitrulline, and b-hydroxyisovaleroylcarnitine were also associated with preserved temporalis or quadricep volume. Conclusions Metabolites defining the HPRO+NMES intervention mainly consisted of amino acid derivatives. These metabolites had strong correlations with protein intake and were associated with preserved muscle volume.
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Zhang Y, Yin J, Yan H, Yan L, Li Y, Zhang C, Li Y, Liu B, Lin J, Zhang L, Hu X, Song C. Correlations between omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory/glial abnormalities: the involvement of the membrane and neurotransmitter dysfunction in schizophrenia. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1163764. [PMID: 37937262 PMCID: PMC10626455 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1163764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macrophages or T-lymphocytes triggered inflammation and, consequently, activated glial cells may contribute to neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter dysfunction in schizophrenia (SZ), while omega(n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can attenuate some SZ symptoms through anti-inflammatory effects. However, the correlations between macrophage/T-lymphocyte-produced cytokines and glia phenotypes, between inflammatory status and PUFAs composition, between cytokines and neurotransmitter function, and between n-3 PUFAs and neurotransmitter abnormality in SZ are unclear. Methods Changes in T-helper (h) patterns, peripheral macrophage/glial markers, PUFAs profile, membrane fluidity, and neurotransmitter functions were evaluated in SZ patients (n = 50) and healthy controls (n = 30) using ELISA, gas chromatography, fluorescence anisotropy techniques, and HPLC, respectively. Results Compared to the control, blood lymphocyte proliferation, the concentration of macrophage/microglia phenotype M1 markers, including cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α (Th1) and IL-6 (Th2), and astrocyte phenotype A1 marker S100β was significantly increased, while IL-17 and n-3 PUFAs contents, n-3/n-6 ratio, and membrane fluidity (FLU) were significantly decreased in SZ. Moreover, increased DA and HVA, decreased 5-HT and NE, and their metabolites appeared in SZ. Moreover, negative correlations between IL-6 and A2 marker Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) or n-3 PUFAs EPA and between IL-1β and FLU or 5HIAA, while positive correlations between EPA and 5-HIAA and between FLU and DHA were found in SZ. Discussion These findings showed (1) no clear Th pattern, but pro-inflammatory-dominant immunity occurred; (2) the pro-inflammatory pattern may result in the activated microglia M1 and astrocyte A1 phenotype; and (3) increased pro-inflammatory cytokines were related to decreased n-3 PUFA and decreased membrane fluidity and dysfunctional neurotransmitter systems in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Marine Medicine Research and Development Center of Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingwen Yin
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haifeng Yan
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuyu Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Cai Zhang
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Baiping Liu
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juda Lin
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | | | - Xueqiong Hu
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Cai Song
- Research Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Marine Medicine Research and Development Center of Shenzhen Institutes of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
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Truong VL, Bae YJ, Rarison RHG, Bang JH, Park SY, Jeong WS. Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Lipophilic Fraction from Liriope platyphylla Seeds Using Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In Vitro Experiments. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14958. [PMID: 37834406 PMCID: PMC10573744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms counteract the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, aging, and cancer. Therefore, enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions may help manage these pathological conditions. This study aimed to assess the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials of lipophilic fraction of Liriope platyphylla seeds (LLPS) using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro experiments. Here GC-MS analysis tentatively identified forty-three lipophilic compounds in LLPS. LLPS exhibited powerful antioxidant activity, according to the results from chemical-based antioxidant assays on DPPH, ABTS+, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, lipid peroxidation, reducing antioxidant powers, and total antioxidant capacity. Additionally, LLPS enhanced cellular antioxidant capacity by inhibiting reactive oxygen species formation and elevating antioxidant enzyme levels, including catalase and heme oxygenase-1. Moreover, LLPS attenuated inflammatory response by reducing nitric oxide secretion and downregulating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin-1β in lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. Network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses showed that key compounds in LPPS, particularly phytosterols and fatty acid esters, exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties through regulating NFKB1, PTGS1, PTGS2, TLR4, PRKCA, PRKCD, KEAP1, NFE2L2, and NR1l2. Overall, these data suggest that LLPS may be a potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent for developing functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Long Truong
- School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (V.-L.T.); (Y.-J.B.); (R.H.G.R.); (J.-H.B.); (S.-Y.P.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ji Bae
- School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (V.-L.T.); (Y.-J.B.); (R.H.G.R.); (J.-H.B.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Razanamanana H. G. Rarison
- School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (V.-L.T.); (Y.-J.B.); (R.H.G.R.); (J.-H.B.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Ji-Hong Bang
- School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (V.-L.T.); (Y.-J.B.); (R.H.G.R.); (J.-H.B.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - So-Yoon Park
- School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (V.-L.T.); (Y.-J.B.); (R.H.G.R.); (J.-H.B.); (S.-Y.P.)
| | - Woo-Sik Jeong
- School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; (V.-L.T.); (Y.-J.B.); (R.H.G.R.); (J.-H.B.); (S.-Y.P.)
- Food and Bio-Industry Research Institute, School of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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18
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Borsini A, Giacobbe J, Mandal G, Boldrini M. Acute and long-term effects of adolescence stress exposure on rodent adult hippocampal neurogenesis, cognition, and behaviour. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4124-4137. [PMID: 37612364 PMCID: PMC10827658 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence represents a critical period for brain and behavioural health and characterised by the onset of mood, psychotic and anxiety disorders. In rodents, neurogenesis is very active during adolescence, when is particularly vulnerable to stress. Whether stress-related neurogenesis changes influence adolescence onset of psychiatric symptoms remains largely unknown. A systematic review was conducted on studies investigating changes in hippocampal neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions, and behaviour, occurring after adolescence stress exposure in mice both acutely (at post-natal days 21-65) and in adulthood. A total of 37 studies were identified in the literature. Seven studies showed reduced hippocampal cell proliferation, and out of those two reported increased depressive-like behaviours, in adolescent rodents exposed to stress. Three studies reported a reduction in the number of new-born neurons, which however were not associated with changes in cognition or behaviour. Sixteen studies showed acutely reduced hippocampal neuroplasticity, including pre- and post-synaptic plasticity markers, dendritic spine length and density, and long-term potentiation after stress exposure. Cognitive impairments and depressive-like behaviours were reported by 11 of the 16 studies. Among studies who looked at adolescence stress exposure effects into adulthood, seven showed that the negative effects of stress observed during adolescence on either cell proliferation or hippocampal neuroplasticity, cognitive deficits and depressive-like behaviour, had variable impact in adulthood. Treating adolescent mice with antidepressants, glutamate receptor inhibitors, glucocorticoid antagonists, or healthy diet enriched in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamin A, prevented or reversed those detrimental changes. Future research should investigate the translational value of these preclinical findings. Developing novel tools for measuring hippocampal neurogenesis in live humans, would allow assessing neurogenic changes following stress exposure, investigating relationships with psychiatric symptom onset, and identifying effects of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Juliette Giacobbe
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gargi Mandal
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maura Boldrini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Yousof SM, Alghamdi BS, Alqurashi T, Alam MZ, Tash R, Tanvir I, Kaddam LA. Modulation of Gut Microbiome Community Mitigates Multiple Sclerosis in a Mouse Model: The Promising Role of Palmaria palmata Alga as a Prebiotic. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1355. [PMID: 37895826 PMCID: PMC10610500 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red marine algae have shown the potential to reduce inflammation, influence microbiota, and provide neuroprotection. OBJECTIVE To examine the prebiotic properties of Palmaria palmata aqueous extract (Palmaria p.) and its potential as a neuroprotective agent in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS eighty-eight adult Swiss mice were divided into four male and four female groups, including a control group (distilled water), Palmaria p.-treated group (600 mg/kg b.w.), cuprizone (CPZ)-treated group (mixed chow 0.2%), and a group treated with both CPZ and Palmaria p. The experiment continued for seven weeks. CPZ treatment terminated at the end of the 5th week, with half of the mice sacrificed to assess the demyelination stage. To examine the spontaneous recovery, the rest of the mice continued until the end of week seven. Behavioral (grip strength (GS) and open field tests (OFT)), microbiome, and histological assessments for general morphology of corpus callous (CC) were all conducted at the end of week five and week 7. RESULTS Palmaria p. can potentially protect against CPZ-induced MS with variable degrees in male and female Swiss mice. This protection was demonstrated through three key findings: (1) increased F/B ratio and expansion of the beneficial Lactobacillus, Proteobacteria, and Bactriodia communities. (2) Protection against the decline in GS induced by CPZ and prevented CPZ-induced anxiety in OFT. (3) Preservation of structural integrity. CONCLUSIONS Because of its propensity to promote microbiota alterations, its antioxidant activity, and its content of -3 fatty acids, Palmaria p. could be a promising option for MS patients and could be beneficial as a potential probiotic for the at-risk groups as a preventive measure against MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimaa Mohammad Yousof
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Badrah S. Alghamdi
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Preclinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Alqurashi
- Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, Pharmacology Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammad Zubair Alam
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham Tash
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 3753450, Egypt
| | - Imrana Tanvir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lamis AbdelGadir Kaddam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
- Physiology Department Faculty of Medicine, Alneelain University, Khartoum 11211, Sudan
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20
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Hemida M, Rosendahl S, Jokinen TS, Moore R, Vuori KA, Anturaniemi J, Hielm-Björkman A. Assessing the association between supplemented puppyhood dietary fat sources and owner-reported epilepsy in adulthood, among Finnish companion dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1227437. [PMID: 37781290 PMCID: PMC10540444 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1227437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epilepsy is a serious and common neurological condition in dogs, despite the wide number of antiepileptic drugs available, in approximately one third of the patients, epilepsy remains unsatisfactorily controlled. We aim to analyze whether feeding dietary fat sources during puppyhood was associated with canine epilepsy in adulthood. Methods A nested case-control study was compiled from the validated DogRisk food frequency questionnaire (DogRisk FFQ). DogRisk FFQ collected feeding, disease, and background data about the dog. The study sample consisted of 108 owner-reported epileptic cases and 397 non-epileptic controls. Each case was matched with up to four controls for the key confounding factors of sex, breed, and age. We analyzed associations between feeding as a puppy and owner-reported epilepsy as an adult dog using Cox regression. We tested 55 different food variables. Results We found that feeding fish fat from dietary sources at least once a week during puppyhood was inversely associated with epilepsy in later life in the unadjusted analysis [OR 0.46 (95% CI 0.25-0.83), p=0.01], while when adjusting for keeping conditions and dog characteristics the association was [OR 0.45 (95% CI 0.23-0.88), p=0.02]. When adjusted for keeping conditions, dog characteristics, and other feeding factors, the association was of similar magnitude but not significance [OR 0.56 (95% CI 0.27-1.15), p=0.12]. Discussion The study indicates possible protective associations of feeding the dog with dietary sources of fish fat against epilepsy, although the result could be confounded by other feeding factors. Findings are compatible with current knowledge regarding the role of omega-3 fatty acids and ketogenic diet, a low carbohydrate, high fat diet as supportive treatments of epilepsy. As our findings are based on observations, we suggest the possibility of causality but do not prove it. Dietary intervention studies should now be conducted to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Hemida
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
| | - Sarah Rosendahl
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja S. Jokinen
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robin Moore
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina A. Vuori
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Anturaniemi
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Hielm-Björkman
- Department of Equine and Small Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Morsy BM, El Domiaty S, Meheissen MAM, Heikal LA, Meheissen MA, Aly NM. Omega-3 nanoemulgel in prevention of radiation-induced oral mucositis and its associated effect on microbiome: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:612. [PMID: 37648997 PMCID: PMC10470147 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03276-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral mucositis (OM) is recognized as one of the most frequent debilitating sequelae encountered by head and neck cancer (HNC) patients treated by radiotherapy. This results in severe mucosal tissue inflammation and oral ulcerations that interfere with patient's nutrition, quality of life (QoL) and survival. Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have recently gained special interest in dealing with oral diseases owing to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and wound healing properties. Thus, this study aims to assess topical Omega-3 nanoemulgel efficacy in prevention of radiation-induced oral mucositis and regulation of oral microbial dysbiosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-four head and neck cancer patients planned to receive radiotherapy were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I: conventional preventive treatment and Group II: topical Omega-3 nanoemulgel. Patients were evaluated at baseline, three and six weeks after treatment using the World Health Organization (WHO) grading system for oral mucositis severity, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for perceived pain severity, and MD-Anderson Symptom Inventory for Head and Neck cancer (MDASI-HN) for QoL. Oral swabs were collected to assess oral microbiome changes. RESULTS VAS scores and WHO mucositis grades were significantly lower after six weeks of treatment with topical Omega-3 nanoemulgel when compared to the conventional treatment. The total MDASI score was significantly higher in the control group after three weeks of treatment, and the head and neck subscale differed significantly at both three and six weeks. A significant reduction in Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was observed after six weeks in the test group indicating less microbial dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS Topical Omega-3 nanoemulgel demonstrated a beneficial effect in prevention of radiation-induced oral mucositis with a possibility of regulating oral microbial dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma M Morsy
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St, 21527, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt.
| | - Shahira El Domiaty
- Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis, and Oral Radiology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Champolion St, 21527, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Meheissen
- Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
| | - Lamia A Heikal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Meheissen
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
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22
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Tan L, Lu X, Danser AHJ, Verdonk K. The Role of Chemerin in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review of Its Physiology and Pathology from a Nutritional Perspective. Nutrients 2023; 15:2878. [PMID: 37447205 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemerin is a novel adipokine that plays a major role in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism. It also induces inflammation and affects insulin signaling, steroidogenesis and thermogenesis. Consequently, it likely contributes to a variety of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension and pre-eclampsia. This review describes its origin and receptors, as well as its role in various diseases, and subsequently summarizes how nutrition affects its levels. It concludes that vitamin A, fat, glucose and alcohol generally upregulate chemerin, while omega-3, salt and vitamin D suppress it. Dietary measures rather than drugs acting as chemerin receptor antagonists might become a novel tool to suppress chemerin effects, thereby potentially improving the aforementioned diseases. However, more detailed studies are required to fully understand chemerin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunbo Tan
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xifeng Lu
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Verdonk
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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23
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Kim JP, Nho K, Wang T, Huynh K, Arnold M, Risacher SL, Bice PJ, Han X, Kristal BS, Blach C, Baillie R, Kastenmüller G, Meikle PJ, Saykin AJ, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Circulating lipid profiles are associated with cross-sectional and longitudinal changes of central biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.06.12.23291054. [PMID: 37398438 PMCID: PMC10312871 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.12.23291054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Investigating the association of lipidome profiles with central Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, including amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (A/T/N), can provide a holistic view between the lipidome and AD. We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal association analysis of serum lipidome profiles with AD biomarkers in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative cohort (N=1,395). We identified lipid species, classes, and network modules that were significantly associated with cross-sectional and longitudinal changes of A/T/N biomarkers for AD. Notably, we identified the lysoalkylphosphatidylcholine (LPC(O)) as associated with "A/N" biomarkers at baseline at lipid species, class, and module levels. Also, GM3 ganglioside showed significant association with baseline levels and longitudinal changes of the "N" biomarkers at species and class levels. Our study of circulating lipids and central AD biomarkers enabled identification of lipids that play potential roles in the cascade of AD pathogenesis. Our results suggest dysregulation of lipid metabolic pathways as precursors to AD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Pyo Kim
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Tingting Wang
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthias Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Paula J Bice
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Bruce S Kristal
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colette Blach
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, and the Indiana Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
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24
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Trojan E, Leśkiewicz M, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Basta-Kaim A. The Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 as a Target for Promotion of Resolution of Inflammation. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1482-1487. [PMID: 36100993 PMCID: PMC10472803 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220913155248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Trojan
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Monika Leśkiewicz
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Department of Pharmacy - Drug Sciences, University of Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Agnieszka Basta-Kaim
- Laboratory of Immunoendocrinology Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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25
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Hassamal S. Chronic stress, neuroinflammation, and depression: an overview of pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging anti-inflammatories. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1130989. [PMID: 37252156 PMCID: PMC10213648 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1130989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In a subset of patients, chronic exposure to stress is an etiological risk factor for neuroinflammation and depression. Neuroinflammation affects up to 27% of patients with MDD and is associated with a more severe, chronic, and treatment-resistant trajectory. Inflammation is not unique to depression and has transdiagnostic effects suggesting a shared etiological risk factor underlying psychopathologies and metabolic disorders. Research supports an association but not necessarily a causation with depression. Putative mechanisms link chronic stress to dysregulation of the HPA axis and immune cell glucocorticoid resistance resulting in hyperactivation of the peripheral immune system. The chronic extracellular release of DAMPs and immune cell DAMP-PRR signaling creates a feed forward loop that accelerates peripheral and central inflammation. Higher plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines, most consistently interleukin IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, are correlated with greater depressive symptomatology. Cytokines sensitize the HPA axis, disrupt the negative feedback loop, and further propagate inflammatory reactions. Peripheral inflammation exacerbates central inflammation (neuroinflammation) through several mechanisms including disruption of the blood-brain barrier, immune cellular trafficking, and activation of glial cells. Activated glial cells release cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species into the extra-synaptic space dysregulating neurotransmitter systems, imbalancing the excitatory to inhibitory ratio, and disrupting neural circuitry plasticity and adaptation. In particular, microglial activation and toxicity plays a central role in the pathophysiology of neuroinflammation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies most consistently show reduced hippocampal volumes. Neural circuitry dysfunction such as hypoactivation between the ventral striatum and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex underlies the melancholic phenotype of depression. Chronic administration of monoamine-based antidepressants counters the inflammatory response, but with a delayed therapeutic onset. Therapeutics targeting cell mediated immunity, generalized and specific inflammatory signaling pathways, and nitro-oxidative stress have enormous potential to advance the treatment landscape. Future clinical trials will need to include immune system perturbations as biomarker outcome measures to facilitate novel antidepressant development. In this overview, we explore the inflammatory correlates of depression and elucidate pathomechanisms to facilitate the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Hassamal
- California University of Sciences and Medicine, Colton, CA, United States
- Clinicaltriallink, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- California Neuropsychiatric Institute, Ontario, CA, United States
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26
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Zailani H, Satyanarayanan SK, Liao WC, Liao HF, Huang SY, Gałecki P, Su KP, Chang JPC. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Managing Comorbid Mood Disorders in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12072653. [PMID: 37048736 PMCID: PMC10095486 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12072653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third-leading cause of mortality globally, significantly affecting people over 40 years old. COPD is often comorbid with mood disorders; however, they are frequently neglected or undiagnosed in COPD management, thus resulting in unintended treatment outcomes and higher mortality associated with the disease. Although the exact link between COPD and mood disorders remains to be ascertained, there is a broader opinion that inflammatory reactions in the lungs, blood, and inflammation-induced changes in the brain could orchestrate the onset of mood disorders in COPD. Although the current management of mood disorders such as depression in COPD involves using antidepressants, their use has been limited due to tolerability issues. On the other hand, as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) play a vital role in regulating inflammatory responses, they could be promising alternatives in managing mood disorders in COPD. This review discusses comorbid mood disorders in COPD as well as their influence on the progression and management of COPD. The underlying mechanisms of comorbid mood disorders in COPD will also be discussed, along with the potential role of n-3 PUFAs in managing these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halliru Zailani
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Senthil Kumaran Satyanarayanan
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Liao
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Feng Liao
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Centre, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Piotr Gałecki
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Medical University of Lodz, 91-229 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 833, Taiwan
| | - Jane Pei-Chen Chang
- Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), Department of Psychiatry, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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27
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Kanbar A, Beisel J, Gutierrez MT, Graeff-Hönninger S, Nick P. Peruvian Amaranth (kiwicha) Accumulates Higher Levels of the Unsaturated Linoleic Acid. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076215. [PMID: 37047191 PMCID: PMC10093863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is an emerging crop rich in proteins and other valuable nutrients. It was domesticated twice, in Mexico and Peru. Although global trade is dominated by Mexican species of amaranth, Peruvian amaranth (A. caudatus, kiwicha) has remained neglected, although it harbours valuable traits. In the current study, we investigate the accumulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids, comparing four genotypes of A. caudatus with K432, a commercial variety deriving from the Mexican species A. hypochondriacus under the temperate environment of Southwest Germany. We show that the A. caudatus genotypes flowered later (only in late autumn), such that they were taller as compared to the Mexican hybrid but yielded fewer grains. The oil of kiwicha showed a significantly higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid compared to early flowering genotype K432. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms behind these differences, we sequenced the genomes of the A. hypochondriacus × hybridus variety K432 and the Peruvian kiwicha genotype 8300 and identified the homologues for genes involved in the ω3 fatty-acid pathway and concurrent oxylipin metabolism, as well as of key factors for jasmonate signalling and cold acclimation. We followed the expression of these transcripts over three stages of seed development in all five genotypes. We find that transcripts for Δ6 desaturases are elevated in kiwicha, whereas in the Mexican hybrid, the concurrent lipoxygenase is more active, which is followed by the activation of jasmonate biosynthesis and signalling. The early accumulation of transcripts involved in cold-stress signalling reports that the Mexican hybrid experiences cold stress already early in autumn, whereas the kiwicha genotypes do not display indications for cold stress, except for the very final phase, when there were already freezing temperatures. We interpret the higher content of unsaturated fatty acids in the context of the different climatic conditions shaping domestication (tropical conditions in the case of Mexican amaranth, sharp cold snaps in the case of kiwicha) and suggest that kiwicha oil has high potential as functional food which can be developed further by tailoring genetic backgrounds, agricultural practice, and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Kanbar
- Molecular Cell Biology, Joseph Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julia Beisel
- Molecular Cell Biology, Joseph Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Joseph Kölreuter Institute for Plant Sciences, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Arteaga-Henríquez G, Gisbert L, Ramos-Quiroga JA. Immunoregulatory and/or Anti-inflammatory Agents for the Management of Core and Associated Symptoms in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review of Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:215-229. [PMID: 36913130 PMCID: PMC10024667 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-00993-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition with a so far poorly understood underlying pathogenesis, and few effective therapies for core symptoms. Accumulating evidence supports an association between ASD and immune/inflammatory processes, arising as a possible pathway for new drug intervention. However, current literature on the efficacy of immunoregulatory/anti-inflammatory interventions on ASD symptoms is still limited. The aim of this narrative review was to summarize and discuss the latest evidence on the use of immunoregulatory and/or anti-inflammatory agents for the management of this condition. During the last 10 years, several randomized, placebo-controlled trials on the effectiveness of (add-on) treatment with prednisolone, pregnenolone, celecoxib, minocycline, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), sulforaphane (SFN), and/or omega-3 fatty acids have been performed. Overall, a beneficial effect of prednisolone, pregnenolone, celecoxib, and/or omega-3 fatty acids on several core symptoms, such as stereotyped behavior, was found. (Add-on) treatment with prednisolone, pregnenolone, celecoxib, minocycline, NAC, SFN, and/or omega-3 fatty acids was also associated with a significantly higher improvement in other symptoms, such as irritability, hyperactivity, and/or lethargy when compared with placebo. The mechanisms by which these agents exert their action and improve symptoms of ASD are not fully understood. Interestingly, studies have suggested that all these agents may suppress microglial/monocyte proinflammatory activation and also restore several immune cell imbalances (e.g., T regulatory/T helper-17 cell imbalances), decreasing the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and/or IL-17A, both in the blood and in the brain of individuals with ASD. Although encouraging, the performance of larger randomized placebo-controlled trials, including more homogeneous populations, dosages, and longer periods of follow-up, are urgently needed in order to confirm the findings and to provide stronger evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gara Arteaga-Henríquez
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- NCRR-The National Center for Register-Based Research, Aahrus University, Aahrus, Denmark
| | - Laura Gisbert
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Borasio F, De Cosmi V, D’Oria V, Scaglioni S, Syren MLE, Turolo S, Agostoni C, Coniglio M, Molteni M, Antonietti A, Lorusso ML. Associations between Dietary Intake, Blood Levels of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Reading Abilities in Children. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020368. [PMID: 36830737 PMCID: PMC9952928 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been described in individuals with reading difficulties, but the degree and the nature of such deficiencies as well as the role of nutrition are a matter of debate. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between PUFA blood levels, nutritional status, and reading/writing/phonological awareness performances in 42 school-age children with varying levels of reading ability. Significant correlations were found between PUFA levels (specific omega-6/omega-3 ratios), the ratio of omega-6-derived calories to the total amount of calories and reading scores. Mediation analysis showed a mediating effect of fatty acids on the association between reading speed scores and nutritional status. Moderation analysis, moreover, showed that the associations of omega-6/omega-3 ratios in the blood and Kcal omega-6/Kcal total in dietary intake were moderated by reading speed performances. Results of the mediation and moderation models confirm that the associations of dietary intake with PUFA levels in the blood vary depending on learning abilities. Reading skills appear to be sensitive to the effects of a complex set of favorable conditions related to the presence of higher omega-3 blood levels. These conditions may reflect the action of dietary as well as genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Borasio
- Scientific Institute IRCSS E. Medea, Unit of Child Psychopathology, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina De Cosmi
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica D’Oria
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva Donna-Bambino, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Scaglioni
- Fondazione De Marchi, Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Turolo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Nephrology Dialysis and Pediatric Transplantation, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- SC Pediatria-Immunoreumatologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marilena Coniglio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Molteni
- Scientific Institute IRCSS E. Medea, Unit of Child Psychopathology, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonietti
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 20123 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Lorusso
- Scientific Institute IRCSS E. Medea, Unit of Child Psychopathology, 23842 Bosisio Parini, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Polak-Szczybyło E. Low-Grade Inflammation and Role of Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Childhood Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20031682. [PMID: 36767041 PMCID: PMC9914259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
At present, pediatric obesity is a significant public health concern. We have seen a surge of disorders that are obesity-related, e.g., insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune disorders and many more. The mechanisms linking these diseases to excess body weight are related to low-grade inflammation (LGI). Although there is a limited number of studies assessing this immune process in childhood obesity, they indicate its significant importance for the health of future generations. There is a need for more research into the prevention and treatment of low-grade inflammation in childhood. The aim of this review is to present and discuss the process of "cold" inflammation, and its impact on health and anti-inflammation nutrition. A diet rich in anti-inflammatory nutrients may be the key to maintaining health, as well as recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Polak-Szczybyło
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, College for Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Ani NI, Okolo KO, Offiah RO. Evaluation of antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of GC/MS characterized methanol leaf extract of Terminalia superba (Combretaceae, Engl. & Diels). FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-022-00455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Terminalia superba is a well-known medicinal plant used in folk medicine for the management of various diseases and swelling. Validation of its efficacy in standardized scientific models is lacking. This gap needs to be filled as a way of enhancing modern drug discovery. The aim is to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of T. superba in known and established models. Also, to establish and possibly correlate the established activity with the phytochemicals identified using GC/MS and qualitative methods.
Results
The result showed a dose-dependent percentage inhibition of DPPH, HO•, and Fe3+ reducing activity. The antibacterial activity showed dose-dependent significant (p < 0.05) inhibition against all the organisms used. The anti-inflammatory activity of METS was confirmed in the carrageenan model with significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of paw volume when compared to control while significantly decreasing (p < 0.05) weight of xylene-induced ear. For instance, after 6 h, there was a reduction of 42%, 33%, and 22% for diclofenac, 200 mg, and 100 mg, respectively, as against 4% in control. The significant (p < 0.05) increase in MDA was attenuated by the treatment with METS dose dependently. Phytochemical assay and GC/MS characterization showed that alkaloids, saponins, phenols, quinone, tannins, coumarins, proteins, flavonoids, and amino acids were dominant with fatty acids accounting for 53%. Others are esters (23%), organic compounds (12%), alkanes (9%), and carboxylic acids (3%).
Conclusions
T. superba possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties which are believed to arise from the secondary metabolites observed in the GC–MS characterization.
Graphical Abstract
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Akefe IO, Osborne SL, Matthews B, Wallis TP, Meunier FA. Lipids and Secretory Vesicle Exocytosis. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 33:357-397. [PMID: 37615874 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-34229-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of studies implicating lipids in the regulation of synaptic vesicle exocytosis has risen considerably. It has become increasingly clear that lipids such as phosphoinositides, lysophospholipids, cholesterol, arachidonic acid and myristic acid play critical regulatory roles in the processes leading up to exocytosis. Lipids may affect membrane fusion reactions by altering the physical properties of the membrane, recruiting key regulatory proteins, concentrating proteins into exocytic "hotspots" or by modulating protein functions allosterically. Discrete changes in phosphoinositides concentration are involved in multiple trafficking events including exocytosis and endocytosis. Lipid-modifying enzymes such as the DDHD2 isoform of phospholipase A1 were recently shown to contribute to memory acquisition via dynamic modifications of the brain lipid landscape. Considering the increasing reports on neurodegenerative disorders associated with aberrant intracellular trafficking, an improved understanding of the control of lipid pathways is physiologically and clinically significant and will afford unique insights into mechanisms and therapeutic methods for neurodegenerative diseases. Consequently, this chapter will discuss the different classes of lipids, phospholipase enzymes, the evidence linking them to synaptic neurotransmitter release and how they act to regulate key steps in the multi-step process leading to neuronal communication and memory acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac O Akefe
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Shona L Osborne
- ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology (CIBIT), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin Matthews
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Tristan P Wallis
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Frédéric A Meunier
- Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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Bajaj S, Gupta S. Nutraceuticals: A Promising Approach Towards Diabetic Neuropathy. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:581-595. [PMID: 36263482 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666221018090024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various nutraceuticals from different sources have various beneficial actions and have been reported for many years. The important findings from the research conducted using various nutraceuticals exhibiting significant physiological and pharmacological activities have been summarized. METHODS An extensive investigation of literature was done using several worldwide electronic scientific databases like PUBMED, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Google Scholar, etc. The entire manuscript is available in the English language that is used for our various compounds of interest. These databases were thoroughly reviewed and summarized. RESULTS Nutraceuticals obtained from various sources play a vital role in the management of peripheral neuropathy associated with diabetes. Treatment with nutraceuticals has been beneficial as an alternative in preventing the progression. In particular, in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that a variety of nutraceuticals have significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may inhibit the early diabetes-driven molecular mechanisms that induce DPN. CONCLUSION Nutraceuticals obtained from different sources like a plant, an animal, and marine have been properly utilized for the safety of health. In our opinion, this review could be of great interest to clinicians, as it offers a complementary perspective on the management of DPN. Trials with a well-defined patient and symptom selection have shown robust pharmacological design as pivotal points to let these promising compounds become better accepted by the medical community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Bajaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana-133207, India
| | - Sumeet Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, M.M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana-133207, India
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Rocha DHA, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS. Macroalgae Specialized Metabolites: Evidence for Their Anti-Inflammatory Health Benefits. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120789. [PMID: 36547936 PMCID: PMC9783307 DOI: 10.3390/md20120789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an organism's response to chemical or physical injury. It is split into acute and chronic inflammation and is the last, most significant cause of death worldwide. Nowadays, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), the greatest threat to human health is chronic disease. Worldwide, three out of five people die from chronic inflammatory diseases such as stroke, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disorders, and cancer. Nowadays, anti-inflammatory drugs (steroidal and non-steroidal, enzyme inhibitors that are essential in the inflammatory process, and receptor antagonists, among others) have been considered as promising treatments to be explored. However, there remains a significant proportion of patients who show poor or incomplete responses to these treatments or experience associated severe side effects. Seaweeds represent a valuable resource of bioactive compounds associated with anti-inflammatory effects and offer great potential for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs. This review presents an overview of specialized metabolites isolated from seaweeds with in situ and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties. Phlorotannins, carotenoids, sterols, alkaloids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids present significant anti-inflammatory effects given that some of them are involved directly or indirectly in several inflammatory pathways. The majority of the isolated compounds inhibit the pro-inflammatory mediators/cytokines. Studies have suggested an excellent selectivity of chromene nucleus towards inducible pro-inflammatory COX-2 than its constitutive isoform COX-1. Additional research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action of seaweed's compounds in inflammation, given the production of sustainable and healthier anti-inflammatory agents.
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Is depression the missing link between inflammatory mediators and cancer? Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108293. [PMID: 36216210 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Patients with cancer are at greater risk of developing depression in comparison to the general population and this is associated with serious adverse effects, such as poorer quality of life, worse prognosis and higher mortality. Although the relationship between depression and cancer is now well established, a common underlying pathophysiological mechanism between the two conditions is yet to be elucidated. Existing theories of depression, based on monoamine neurotransmitter system dysfunction, are insufficient as explanations of the disorder. Recent advances have implicated neuroinflammatory mechanisms in the etiology of depression and it has been demonstrated that inflammation at a peripheral level may be mirrored centrally in astrocytes and microglia serving to promote chronic levels of inflammation in the brain. Three major routes to depression in cancer in which proinflammatory mediators are implicated, seem likely. Activation of the kynurenine pathway involving cytokines, increases tryptophan catabolism, resulting in diminished levels of serotonin which is widely acknowledged as being the hallmark of depression. It also results in neurotoxic effects on brain regions thought to be involved in the evolution of major depression. Proinflammatory mediators also play a crucial role in impairing regulatory glucocorticoid mediated feedback of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which is activated by stress and considered to be involved in both depression and cancer. The third route is via the glutamatergic pathway, whereby glutamate excitotoxicity may lead to depression associated with cancer. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying these dysregulated and other newly emerging pathways may provide a rationale for therapeutic targeting, serving to improve the care of cancer patients.
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Katonova A, Sheardova K, Amlerova J, Angelucci F, Hort J. Effect of a Vegan Diet on Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14924. [PMID: 36499257 PMCID: PMC9738978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
There is evidence indicating that a vegan diet could be beneficial in the prevention of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the positive and negative aspects of a vegan diet regarding the risk of AD. Regarding AD prevention, a vegan diet includes low levels of saturated fats and cholesterol, contributing to a healthy blood lipid profile. Furthermore, it is rich in phytonutrients, such as vitamins, antioxidants, and dietary fiber, that may help prevent cognitive decline. Moreover, a vegan diet contributes to the assumption of quercetin, a natural inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO), which can contribute to maintaining mental health and reducing AD risk. Nonetheless, the data available do not allow an assessment of whether strict veganism is beneficial for AD prevention compared with vegetarianism or other diets. A vegan diet lacks specific vitamins and micronutrients and may result in nutritional deficiencies. Vegans not supplementing micronutrients are more prone to vitamin B12, vitamin D, and DHA deficiencies, which have been linked to AD. Thus, an evaluation of the net effect of a vegan diet on AD prevention and/or progression should be ascertained by taking into account all the positive and negative effects described here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Katonova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Sheardova
- International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Amlerova
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Francesco Angelucci
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hort
- Memory Clinic, Department of Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and Motol University Hospital, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
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Astore C, Nagpal S, Gibson G. Mendelian Randomization Indicates a Causal Role for Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14380. [PMID: 36430859 PMCID: PMC9698476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal system. Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are largely obtained from diet and have been speculated to decrease the inflammatory response that is involved in IBD; however, the causality of this association has not been established. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to assess genetic associations between 249 circulating metabolites measured in the UK Biobank as exposures and IBD as the outcome. The genome-wide association study summary level data for metabolite measurements and IBD were derived from large European ancestry cohorts. We observed ω3 fatty acids as a significant protective association with IBD, with multiple modes of MR evidence replicated in three IBD summary genetic datasets. The instrumental variables that were involved in the causal association of ω3 fatty acids with IBD highlighted an intronic SNP, rs174564, in FADS2, a protein engaged in the first step of alpha-linolenic acid desaturation leading to anti-inflammatory EPA and thence DHA production. A low ratio of ω3 to ω6 fatty acids was observed to be a causal risk factor, particularly for Crohn's disease. ω3 fatty acid supplementation may provide anti-inflammatory responses that are required to attenuate inflammation that is involved in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greg Gibson
- Center for Integrative Genomics, School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Krone EBB1 Building, 950 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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Guevara Agudelo FA, Leblanc N, Bourdeau-Julien I, St-Arnaud G, Lacroix S, Martin C, Flamand N, Veilleux A, Di Marzo V, Raymond F. Impact of selenium on the intestinal microbiome-eCBome axis in the context of diet-related metabolic health in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1028412. [PMID: 36439185 PMCID: PMC9692131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1028412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary micronutrients act at the intestinal level, thereby influencing microbial communities, the host endocannabinoidome, and immune and anti-oxidative response. Selenium (Se) is a trace element with several health benefits. Indeed, Se plays an important role in the regulation of enzymes with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activity as well as indicators of the level of oxidative stress, which, together with chronic low-grade inflammation, is associated to obesity. To understand how Se variations affect diet-related metabolic health, we fed female and male mice for 28 days with Se-depleted or Se-enriched diets combined with low- and high-fat/sucrose diets. We quantified the plasma and intestinal endocannabinoidome, profiled the gut microbiota, and measured intestinal gene expression related to the immune and the antioxidant responses in the intestinal microenvironment. Overall, we show that intestinal segment-specific microbiota alterations occur following high-fat or low-fat diets enriched or depleted in Se, concomitantly with modifications of circulating endocannabinoidome mediators and changes in cytokine and antioxidant enzyme expression. Specifically, Se enrichment was associated with increased circulating plasma levels of 2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerol (2-DHG), a mediator with putative beneficial actions on metabolism and inflammation. Others eCBome mediators also responded to the diets. Concomitantly, changes in gut microbiota were observed in Se-enriched diets following a high-fat diet, including an increase in the relative abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae. With respect to the intestinal immune response and anti-oxidative gene expression, we observed a decrease in the expression of proinflammatory genes Il1β and Tnfα in high-fat Se-enriched diets in caecum, while in ileum an increase in the expression levels of the antioxidant gene Gpx4 was observed following Se depletion. The sex of the animal influenced the response to the diet of both the gut microbiota and endocannabinoid mediators. These results identify Se as a regulator of the gut microbiome and endocannabinoidome in conjunction with high-fat diet, and might be relevant to the development of new nutritional strategies to improve metabolic health and chronic low-grade inflammation associated to metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredy Alexander Guevara Agudelo
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome – Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nadine Leblanc
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome – Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bourdeau-Julien
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome – Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Gabrielle St-Arnaud
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome – Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Lacroix
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome – Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cyril Martin
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome – Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Quebec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Nicolas Flamand
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome – Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Quebec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Veilleux
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome – Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome – Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Quebec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Raymond
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS), and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome – Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health (CERC-MEND), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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39
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Dogaru IA, Puiu MG, Manea M, Dionisie V. Current Perspectives on Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Interventions for the Inflammatory Mechanism of Unipolar Depression. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101403. [PMID: 36291336 PMCID: PMC9599138 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since depression remains a major public health issue there is a constant need for new and more efficient therapeutic strategies based on the mechanisms involved in the aetiology of depression. Thus, the pathogenic link between depression and inflammation is considered to play a potential key role in the development of such therapies. This review summarizes the results of various pharmacological (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, cytokine inhibitors, corticosteroids, statins, minocycline, N-acetyl cysteine, omega-3 fatty acids and probiotics) and non-pharmacological interventions (electroconvulsive therapy, physical exercise and psychological therapy) and outlines their efficacy and discusses potential challenges. Both conventional and non-conventional anti-inflammatory drugs showed promising results according to the specific group of patients. The pre-existing pro-inflammatory status was, in most cases, a predictor for clinical efficacy and, in some cases, a correlation between clinical improvement and changes in various biomarkers was found. Some of the non-pharmacological interventions (physical exercise and electroconvulsive therapy) have also showed beneficial effects for depressive patients with elevated inflammatory markers. Treatments with anti-inflammatory action may improve clinical outcomes in depression, at least for some categories of patients, thus opening the way for a future personalised approach to patients with unipolar depression regarding the inflammation-related mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana-Alexandra Dogaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Gabriela Puiu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Mirela Manea
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Dionisie
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
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40
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McCarthy B, O’Neill G, Abu-Ghannam N. Potential Psychoactive Effects of Microalgal Bioactive Compounds for the Case of Sleep and Mood Regulation: Opportunities and Challenges. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:493. [PMID: 36005495 PMCID: PMC9410000 DOI: 10.3390/md20080493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deficiency is now considered an emerging global epidemic associated with many serious health problems, and a major cause of financial and social burdens. Sleep and mental health are closely connected, further exacerbating the negative impact of sleep deficiency on overall health and well-being. A major drawback of conventional treatments is the wide range of undesirable side-effects typically associated with benzodiazepines and antidepressants, which can be more debilitating than the initial disorder. It is therefore valuable to explore the efficiency of other remedies for complementarity and synergism with existing conventional treatments, leading to possible reduction in undesirable side-effects. This review explores the relevance of microalgae bioactives as a sustainable source of valuable phytochemicals that can contribute positively to mood and sleep disorders. Microalgae species producing these compounds are also catalogued, thus creating a useful reference of the state of the art for further exploration of this proposed approach. While we highlight possibilities awaiting investigation, we also identify the associated issues, including minimum dose for therapeutic effect, bioavailability, possible interactions with conventional treatments and the ability to cross the blood brain barrier. We conclude that physical and biological functionalization of microalgae bioactives can have potential in overcoming some of these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena McCarthy
- Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin 7, Ireland; (B.M.); (G.O.)
| | - Graham O’Neill
- Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin 7, Ireland; (B.M.); (G.O.)
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Nissreen Abu-Ghannam
- Environmental Sustainability & Health Institute (ESHI), Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin 7, Ireland; (B.M.); (G.O.)
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, College of Sciences and Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 H6K8 Dublin 7, Ireland
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41
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Resolvin D5 disrupts anxious- and depressive-like behaviors in a type 1 diabetes mellitus animal model. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:1269-1282. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02274-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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42
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Omega-3 fatty acids in the treatment of spinal cord injury: untapped potential for therapeutic intervention? Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10797-10809. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07762-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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43
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Khalid W, Maqbool Z, Arshad MS, Kousar S, Akram R, Siddeeg A, Ali A, Qin H, Aziz A, Saeed A, Rahim MA, Zubair Khalid M, Ali H. Plant-derived functional components: prevent from various disorders by regulating the endocrine glands. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2070643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Maqbool
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Safura Kousar
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ramish Akram
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Nutrition Science and Food Hygiene, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
| | - Afifa Aziz
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Hina Ali
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Shan J, Hashimoto K. Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase as a Therapeutic Target for Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094951. [PMID: 35563342 PMCID: PMC9099663 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been found that soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH; encoded by the EPHX2 gene) in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) plays a key role in inflammation, which, in turn, plays a part in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. Meanwhile, epoxy fatty acids such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids (EEQs), and epoxyeicosapentaenoic acids (EDPs) have been found to exert neuroprotective effects in animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders through potent anti-inflammatory actions. Soluble expoxide hydrolase, an enzyme present in all living organisms, metabolizes epoxy fatty acids into the corresponding dihydroxy fatty acids, which are less active than the precursors. In this regard, preclinical findings using sEH inhibitors or Ephx2 knock-out (KO) mice have indicated that the inhibition or deficiency of sEH can have beneficial effects in several models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Thus, this review discusses the current findings of the role of sEH in neuropsychiatric disorders, including depression, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and stroke, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of sEH inhibitors.
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45
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Metabolomics analysis of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in World Trade Center responders. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:174. [PMID: 35484105 PMCID: PMC9050707 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01940-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics has yielded promising insights into the pathophysiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The current study expands understanding of the systems-level effects of metabolites by using global metabolomics and complex lipid profiling in plasma samples from 124 World Trade Center responders (56 PTSD, 68 control) on 1628 metabolites. Differential metabolomics analysis identified hexosylceramide HCER(26:1) associated with PTSD at FDR < 0.1. The multi-metabolite composite score achieved an AUC of 0.839 for PTSD versus unaffected control classification. Independent component analysis identified three metabolomic modules significantly associated with PTSD. These modules were significantly enriched in bile acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and pregnenolone steroids, which are involved in innate immunity, inflammatory process and neuronal excitability, respectively. Integrative analysis of metabolomics and our prior proteomics datasets on subsample of 96 responders identified seven proteomic modules significantly correlated with metabolic modules. Overall, our findings shed light on the molecular alterations and identify metabolomic-proteomic signatures associated with PTSD by using machine learning and network approaches to enhance understanding of the pathways implicated in PTSD. If present results are confirmed in follow-up studies, they may inform development of novel treatments.
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Arsenyadis F, Ahmad E, Redman E, Yates T, Davies M, Khunti K. The Effects of Omega-3 Supplementation on Depression in Adults with Cardiometabolic Disease: A Systematic Review of Randomised Control Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091827. [PMID: 35565800 PMCID: PMC9101438 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids′ concurrent benefits for cardiometabolic and mental health are equivocal. Despite lack of evidence, up to a third of adults consume Omega-3 supplements. No review has yet been published to report effect on depression in this cardiometabolic population. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of double-blinded, controlled randomised trials to investigate the safety and effect of Omega-3 supplementation on depression scores in people with cardiometabolic diseases. Primary outcome was change in depression scores versus placebo. Secondary outcomes were side-effects, concurrent medication and adherence. Results: Seven trials reporting on 2575 (672 female) adults aged 39−73 were included. Omega-3 dosages ranged from 1−3 g with an intervention duration of 10−48 weeks. Six out of seven trials found no statistically or clinically significant change to depression scores compared to placebo. One trial favoured intervention (Relative Risk Reduction: 47.93%, 95% CI: 24.89−63.98%, p < 0.001). Sub-analyses showed clinically meaningful reductions in depression scores for those on antidepressants (Intervention: 20.9 (SD: 7.1), Placebo: 24.9 (SD: 8.5) p < 0.05) or with severe depression (−1.74; 95% CI −3.04 to −0.05, p < 0.05) in two separate trials. Side effects were comparable between treatment arms. Conclusions: Omega-3 supplementation is safe to use but not superior to placebo for depression in adults with concurrent cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciskos Arsenyadis
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; (E.A.); (E.R.); (T.Y.); (M.D.); (K.K.)
- Diabetes Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0116-2584370
| | - Ehtasham Ahmad
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; (E.A.); (E.R.); (T.Y.); (M.D.); (K.K.)
- Diabetes Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Emma Redman
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; (E.A.); (E.R.); (T.Y.); (M.D.); (K.K.)
- Diabetes Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; (E.A.); (E.R.); (T.Y.); (M.D.); (K.K.)
- Diabetes Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Melanie Davies
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; (E.A.); (E.R.); (T.Y.); (M.D.); (K.K.)
- Diabetes Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - Kamlesh Khunti
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; (E.A.); (E.R.); (T.Y.); (M.D.); (K.K.)
- Diabetes Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
- NIHR Applied Health Research Collaboration-East Midlands (NIHR ARC-EM), University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
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47
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Environmental stimulation in Huntington disease patients and animal models. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 171:105725. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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48
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Patel A, Desai SS, Mane VK, Enman J, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Matsakas L. Futuristic food fortification with a balanced ratio of dietary ω-3/ω-6 omega fatty acids for the prevention of lifestyle diseases. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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49
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Direct and Indirect Effects of Blood Levels of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids on Reading and Writing (Dis)abilities. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12020169. [PMID: 35203933 PMCID: PMC8870518 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether there are associations between polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) blood levels, reading/writing performance and performance in neuropsychological tasks. Moderate to strong correlations were found between PUFA levels (specific omega-6/omega-3 ratios) and reading/writing abilities, and the former and neuropsychological test scores. Mediation models analyzing the direct and indirect effects of PUFA on reading and writing scores showed that the effects of fatty acids on learning measures appear to be direct rather than mediated by the investigated visual and auditory neuropsychological mechanisms. The only significant indirect effect was found for the difference in accuracy between the left and right visual fields in visual-spatial cueing tasks, acting as a mediator for the effect of PUFA ratios on writing accuracy. Regression analyses, by contrast, confirmed the roles of phonological awareness and other visual attentional factors as predictors of reading and writing skills. Such results confirm the crucial role of visual-spatial attention mechanisms in reading and writing, and suggest that visual low-level mechanisms may be more sensitive to the effects of favorable conditions related to the presence of higher omega-3 blood levels.
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Pauluci R, Noto AR, Curado DF, Siqueira-Campos M, Bezerra AG, Galduróz JCF. Omega-3 for the Prevention of Alcohol Use Disorder Relapse: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:826448. [PMID: 35463514 PMCID: PMC9026182 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.826448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have sought to identify the possible benefits of the intake of omega-3, an important component of neuronal membranes, for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. AIM The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether omega-3 supplementation is protective against alcohol use disorder relapse after hospital discharge. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out with severe alcohol dependence. Male inpatients were randomized to treatment with omega-3 (n = 59) or placebo (n = 52) for 3 months, participants were assessed after discharge at 1 month (T1), 2 months (T2), 3 months (T3), and 6 months (T4) with assessments made using self-report instruments. The primary outcomes were the possible reduction with assessments made using self-report instruments. The primary outcomes were the possible reduction in the number, intensity of relapses, amount of consumption in each relapse and number of days of consumption during relapses; as secondary outcomes were assessed symptoms of anxiety, depression, degree of dependence, compulsion, and craving. RESULTS The groups were similar regarding consumption amount parameters and propensity to relapse; however, an effect of treatment with omega-3 was found on the number of days of drinking at 2 months [B = 0.65 (0.09; 1, 21), p = 0.01] and 3 months [B = 2.6 (1.61; 3.58), p < 0.001] after discharge, favoring the intervention group. The effect was not maintained at follow up of 6 months. No differences were found in psychiatric symptoms and severity of addiction. CONCLUSION Despite the major limitations of the present study, the group that received omega-3 had a lower number of days of consumption of standard doses of alcohol in the evaluations of 60 and 90 days after discharge. More robust studies are needed to confirm or refute these findings. Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials: n° RBR-48mkgz7 (URL: https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-48mkgz7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Pauluci
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Regina Noto
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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