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Regina Malveste Ito C, Santos MO, de Oliveira Cunha M, de Araújo KM, de Souza GRL, Rézio GS, de Brito PN, Rezende APC, Fonseca JG, Wastowski IJ, Gonçalves Vieira JD, Gomes Avelino MA, Carneiro LC. Rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Virulence 2024; 15:2310873. [PMID: 38384141 PMCID: PMC10885176 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2310873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rhinovirus causes respiratory tract infections in children and is found in co-infections. The objective of this research was to study the clinical profile of rhinovirus infection and co-infection in children with severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) during the COVID-19 pandemic period. We included 606 children ranging in age from 0.1 to 144 months of age from March 2020 to December 2021, hospitalized in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). The samples were collected by secretion from the nasopharynx region. A total of 259 children were tested positive for viral infection, 153 (59.07%) of them had a single rhinovirus infection and, 56 (36.6%) were aged between 60.1 and 144 months. Nine types of co-infections were identified and were found coinfection with three or more viruses (22/104, 21.15%). Observing the seasonality, the number of cases was similar between 2020 (49.53%) and 2021 (51.47%). Patients with a single infection (86.88%) and coinfection (67.30%) were more likely to have coughed. Patients with co-infection required the use of O2 for longer than those with a single rhinovirus infection. Hemogram results obtained from individuals with a single infection had higher levels of urea when compared to patients with co-infection with and other respiratory viruses. Multiple correspondence analyses indicated different clinical symptoms and comorbidities in patients with co-infection compared to those with single infection. The results found that the rhinovirus was much prevalent virus during the pandemic period and was found in co-infection with other virus types, what is important to diagnostic for the correct treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Regina Malveste Ito
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás– 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mônica Oliveira Santos
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás– 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Marcos de Oliveira Cunha
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás– 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Kelliane Martins de Araújo
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás– 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Rocha Lino de Souza
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Biologic Science Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Samambaia Camp, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Geovana Sôffa Rézio
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna Neta de Brito
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Alana Parreira Costa Rezende
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jakeline Godinho Fonseca
- State Emergency Hospital of the Northwest Region of Goiânia Governador Otávio Lage de Siqueira (HUGOL), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Isabela Jubé Wastowski
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory of Goiás State University, Laranjeiras Unity Prof. Alfredo de Castro neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - José Daniel Gonçalves Vieira
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás– 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Melissa Ameloti Gomes Avelino
- Department of Pediatrics, Federal University of Goiás, Universitaria Avenue, Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Lilian Carla Carneiro
- Microorganism Biotechnology Laboratory of Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás– 235 St. Leste Universitário neighborhood, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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Decker SRDR, Wolf JM, Pille A, Freese L, Petek H, de Oliveira Rocha B, Giannini GLT, Bristot G, Andreis TF, de Oliveira FH, Hoffmann EDS, Kunde L, Kern M, Schmitz P, Maccari J, Nedel W, Zavascki AP, Rosa RG, Mutlaq MP, Nasi LA. Temporal trends in respiratory pathogens following the COVID-19 pandemic and climate variables: A unicentric retrospective evaluation of 24 pathogens in a temperate subtropical region. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29797. [PMID: 38988215 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Temperature and humidity are studied in the context of seasonal infections in temperate and tropical zones, but the relationship between viral trends and climate variables in temperate subtropical zones remains underexplored. Our retrospective study analyzes respiratory pathogen incidence and its correlation with climate data in a subtropical zone. Retrospective observational study at Moinhos de Vento Hospital, South Brazil, aiming to assess seasonal trends in respiratory pathogens, correlating them with climate data. The study included patients of all ages from various healthcare settings, with data collected between April 2022 and July 2023. Biological samples were analyzed for 24 pathogens using polymerase chain reaction and hybridization techniques; demographic variables were also collected. The data was analyzed descriptively and graphically. Spearman tests and Poisson regression were used as correlation tests. Tests were clustered according to all pathogens, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza viruses, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Between April 2022 and July 2023, 3329 tests showed a 71.6% positivity rate. Rhinovirus and RSV predominated, exhibiting seasonal patterns. Temperature was inversely correlated with the viruses, notably rhinovirus, but SARS-CoV-2 was positively correlated. Air humidity was positively correlated with all pathogens, RSV, rhinovirus, and atmospheric pressure with all pathogens and rhinovirus. Our results showed statistically significant correlations, with modest effect sizes. Our study did not evaluate causation effects. Despite the correlation between climate and respiratory pathogens, our work suggests additional factors influencing transmission dynamics. Our findings underscore the complex interplay between climate and respiratory infections in subtropical climates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonas Michel Wolf
- Office of Value and Clinical Practice, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arthur Pille
- Office of Value and Clinical Practice, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luana Freese
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Helena Petek
- Office of Value and Clinical Practice, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Oliveira Rocha
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Giovana Bristot
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tiago Finger Andreis
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Kunde
- Internal Medicine Service, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Kern
- Internal Medicine Service, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Schmitz
- Office of Value and Clinical Practice, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juçara Maccari
- Office of Value and Clinical Practice, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Wagner Nedel
- Intensive Care Unit, Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Prehn Zavascki
- Infectious Diseases and Infection Control Service, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Regis Goulart Rosa
- Internal Medicine Service, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Antônio Nasi
- Internal Medicine Service, Moinhos de Vento Hospital, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Sintoris S, Binkowska JM, Gillan JL, Zuurbier RP, Twynam-Perkins J, Kristensen M, Melrose L, Parga PL, Rodriguez AR, Chu ML, van Boeckel SR, Wildenbeest JG, Bowdish DME, Currie AJ, Thwaites RS, Schwarze J, van Houten MA, Boardman JP, Cunningham S, Bogaert D, Davidson DJ. Nasal cathelicidin is expressed in early life and is increased during mild, but not severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13928. [PMID: 38886476 PMCID: PMC11182768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus is the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in young children, causing extensive mortality and morbidity globally, with limited therapeutic or preventative options. Cathelicidins are innate immune antimicrobial host defence peptides and have antiviral activity against RSV. However, upper respiratory tract cathelicidin expression and the relationship with host and environment factors in early life, are unknown. Infant cohorts were analysed to characterise early life nasal cathelicidin levels, revealing low expression levels in the first week of life, with increased levels at 9 months which are comparable to 2-year-olds and healthy adults. No impact of prematurity on nasal cathelicidin expression was observed, nor were there effects of sex or birth mode, however, nasal cathelicidin expression was lower in the first week-of-life in winter births. Nasal cathelicidin levels were positively associated with specific inflammatory markers and demonstrated to be associated with microbial community composition. Importantly, levels of nasal cathelicidin expression were elevated in infants with mild RSV infection, but, in contrast, were not upregulated in infants hospitalised with severe RSV infection. These data suggest important relationships between nasal cathelicidin, upper airway microbiota, inflammation, and immunity against RSV infection, with interventional potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sintoris
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4 - 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Justyna M Binkowska
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4 - 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Jonathan L Gillan
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4 - 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Roy P Zuurbier
- Spaarne Gasthuis Academy, Spaarne Gasthuis, 2134 TM, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan Twynam-Perkins
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4 - 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Maartje Kristensen
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lauren Melrose
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4 - 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Paula Lusaretta Parga
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4 - 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Alicia Ruiz Rodriguez
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4 - 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Mei Ling Chu
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sara R van Boeckel
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4 - 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Joanne G Wildenbeest
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dawn M E Bowdish
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Avenue East, T2128, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Currie
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ryan S Thwaites
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jurgen Schwarze
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4 - 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | | | - James P Boardman
- Centre for Reproductive Health, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4 - 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Steve Cunningham
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4 - 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
| | - Debby Bogaert
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4 - 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 EA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Donald J Davidson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh BioQuarter, 4 - 5 Little France Drive, Edinburgh, EH16 4UU, Scotland, UK.
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Zhang T, Yan L, Wang S, Chen M, Jiao Y, Sheng Z, Liu J, Liu L. Temporal patterns and clinical characteristics of healthcare-associated infections in surgery patients: A retrospective study in a major Chinese tertiary hospital. INFECTIOUS MEDICINE 2024; 3:100103. [PMID: 38764728 PMCID: PMC11096939 DOI: 10.1016/j.imj.2024.100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Background Given the preventable nature of most healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), it is crucial to understand their characteristics and temporal patterns to reduce their occurrence. Methods A retrospective analysis of medical record cover pages from a Chinese hospital information system was conducted for surgery inpatients from 2010 to 2019. Association rules mining (ARM) was employed to explore the association between disease, procedure, and HAIs. Joinpoint models were used to estimate the annual HAI trend. The time series of each type of HAI was decomposed to analyze the temporal patterns of HAIs. Results The study included data from 623,290 surgery inpatients over 10 years, and a significant decline in the HAI rate was observed. Compared with patients without HAIs, those with HAIs had a longer length of stay (29 days vs. 9 days), higher medical costs (96226.57 CNY vs. 22351.98 CNY), and an increased risk of death (6.42% vs. 0.18%). The most common diseases for each type of HAI differed, although bone marrow and spleen operations were the most frequent procedures for most HAI types. ARM detected that some uncommon diagnoses could strongly associate with HAIs. The time series pattern varied for each type of HAI, with the peak occurring in January for respiratory system infections, and in August and July for surgical site and bloodstream infections, respectively. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that HAIs impose a significant burden on surgery patients. The differing time series patterns for each type of HAI highlight the importance of tailored surveillance strategies for specific types of HAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zhang
- Institution of Hospital Management, Department of Medical Innovation and Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li Yan
- Cadet Company One, Graduate School of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Medical Innovation and Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yunda Jiao
- Institution of Hospital Management, Department of Medical Innovation and Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhuoqi Sheng
- Institution of Hospital Management, Department of Medical Innovation and Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- Institution of Hospital Management, Department of Medical Innovation and Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Institution of Hospital Management, Department of Medical Innovation and Research, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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5
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Yasopa O, Homkham N, Chompook P. Factors affecting the number of influenza patients before and during COVID-19 pandemic, Thailand. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303382. [PMID: 38728241 PMCID: PMC11086856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to explore the association between potential factors including public health and social measures and the number of influenza patients in Thailand between 2014-2021. Secondary data from relevant agencies were collected. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) and regression coefficient (β) were performed at a significance level of 0.05. We found factors associated with number of influenza patients during the time prior to COVID-19 pandemic were monthly income per household (Adjusted β = -0.02; 95% CI: -0.03, -0.01), population density (Adjusted β = 1.00; 95% CI: 0.82, 1.18), rainy season (Adjusted β = 137.15; 95% CI: 86.17, 188.13) and winter time (Adjusted β = 56.46; 95% CI: 3.21, 109.71). During the time of COVID-19 pandemic, population density (Adjusted β = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.26), rainy season (Adjusted β = -164.23; 95% CI: -229.93, -98.52), winter time (Adjusted β = 61.06; 95% CI: 0.71, 121.41), public health control measures (prohibition of entering to into an area with high number of COVID-19 infections (Adjusted β = -169.34; 95% CI: -233.52, -105.16), and restriction of travelling also reduced the number of influenza patients (Adjusted β = -66.88; 95% CI: -125.15, -8.62) were associated with number of influenza patients. This study commends strategies in monitoring influenza patients to focus on the areas with low income, high population density, and in specific seasons. Public health and social measures which can be implemented are prohibition of entering to risk-areas (lock down), and restriction of travelling across provinces which their effectiveness in reducing influenza infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oiythip Yasopa
- Department of Disease Control, Division of Epidemiology, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Nontiya Homkham
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Pornthip Chompook
- Faculty of Public Health, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
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Pelletier JH, Maholtz DE, Hanson CM, Nofziger RA, Forbes ML, Besunder JB, Horvat CM, Page-Goertz CK. Respiratory Support Practices for Bronchiolitis in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2410746. [PMID: 38728028 PMCID: PMC11087830 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.10746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Admissions to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) due to bronchiolitis are increasing. Whether this increase is associated with changes in noninvasive respiratory support practices is unknown. Objective To assess whether the number of PICU admissions for bronchiolitis between 2013 and 2022 was associated with changes in the use of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), noninvasive ventilation (NIV), and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and to identify factors associated with HFNC and NIV success and failure. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study examined encounter data from the Virtual Pediatric Systems database on annual PICU admissions for bronchiolitis and ventilation practices among patients aged younger than 2 years admitted to 27 PICUs between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2022. Use of HFNC and NIV was defined as successful if patients were weaned to less invasive support (room air or low-flow nasal cannula for HFNC; room air, low-flow nasal cannula, or HFNC for NIV). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome was the number of PICU admissions for bronchiolitis requiring the use of HFNC, NIV, or IMV. Linear regression was used to analyze the association between admission year and absolute numbers of encounters stratified by the maximum level of respiratory support required. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with HFNC and NIV success and failure (defined as not meeting the criteria for success). Results Included in the analysis were 33 816 encounters for patients with bronchiolitis (20 186 males [59.7%]; 1910 patients [5.6%] aged ≤28 days and 31 906 patients [94.4%] aged 29 days to <2 years) treated at 27 PICUs from 2013 to 2022. A total of 7615 of 15 518 patients (49.1%) had respiratory syncytial virus infection and 1522 of 33 816 (4.5%) had preexisting cardiac disease. Admissions to the PICU increased by 350 (95% CI, 170-531) encounters annually. When data were grouped by the maximum level of respiratory support required, HFNC use increased by 242 (95% CI, 139-345) encounters per year and NIV use increased by 126 (95% CI, 64-189) encounters per year. The use of IMV did not significantly change (10 [95% CI, -11 to 31] encounters per year). In all, 22 381 patients (81.8%) were successfully weaned from HFNC to low-flow oxygen therapy or room air, 431 (1.6%) were restarted on HFNC, 3057 (11.2%) were escalated to NIV, and 1476 (5.4%) were escalated to IMV or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Successful use of HFNC increased from 820 of 1027 encounters (79.8%) in 2013 to 3693 of 4399 encounters (84.0%) in 2022 (P = .002). In all, 8476 patients (81.5%) were successfully weaned from NIV, 787 (7.6%) were restarted on NIV, and 1135 (10.9%) were escalated to IMV or ECMO. Success with NIV increased from 224 of 306 encounters (73.2%) in 2013 to 1335 of 1589 encounters (84.0%) in 2022 (P < .001). In multivariable logistic regression, lower weight, higher Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score, cardiac disease, and PICU admission from outside the emergency department were associated with greater odds of HFNC and NIV failure. Conclusions and Relevance Findings of this cross-sectional study of patients aged younger than 2 years admitted for bronchiolitis suggest there was a 3-fold increase in PICU admissions between 2013 and 2022 associated with a 4.8-fold increase in HFNC use and a 5.8-fold increase in NIV use. Further research is needed to standardize approaches to HFNC and NIV support in bronchiolitis to reduce resource strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H. Pelletier
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Danielle E, Maholtz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Claire M. Hanson
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Ryan A. Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Michael L. Forbes
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio
- Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
| | - James B. Besunder
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Christopher M. Horvat
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christopher K. Page-Goertz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, Northeast Ohio Medical University College of Medicine, Rootstown, Ohio
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7
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Guiomar R, Pereira da Silva S, Costa I, Conde P, Cristóvão P, Rodrigues A, Fernandes A, Dias A, Couto A, Ramos A, Moita C, Rodrigues C, Vale F, Caldeira F, Bruges Armas J, Pereira‐Vaz J, Alves J, Freitas L, Martins L, Milho L, Mota‐Vieira L, Lopes L, Freitas M, Pessanha M, Correia M, Marques M, Cardoso M, Peres M, Cunha M, Amantegui P, Mota P, Lopes P, Pereira P, Viseu R, Cabral R, Côrte‐Real R, Almeida S, Soares V, Mansinho K, Hungnes O, Nunes B. Seroprevalence of Protective Antibodies Against Influenza and the Reduction of the Influenza Incidence Rate: An Annual Repeated Cross-Sectional Study From 2014 to 2019. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13307. [PMID: 38798072 PMCID: PMC11128746 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seroepidemiological studies provide estimates of population-level immunity, prevalence/incidence of infections, and evaluation of vaccination programs. We assessed the seroprevalence of protective antibodies against influenza and evaluated the correlation of seroprevalence with the cumulative annual influenza incidence rate. METHODS We conducted an annual repeated cross-sectional seroepidemiological survey, during June-August, from 2014 to 2019, in Portugal. A total of 4326 sera from all age groups, sex, and regions was tested by hemagglutination inhibition assay. Seroprevalence and geometric mean titers (GMT) of protective antibodies against influenza were assessed by age group, sex, and vaccine status (65+ years old). The association between summer annual seroprevalence and the difference of influenza incidence rates between one season and the previous one was measured by Pearson correlation coefficient (r). RESULTS Significant differences in seroprevalence of protective antibodies against influenza were observed in the population. Higher seroprevalence and GMT for A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) were observed in children (5-14); influenza B seroprevalence in adults 65+ was 1.6-4.4 times than in children (0-4). Vaccinated participants (65+) showed significant higher seroprevalence/GMT for influenza. A strong negative and significant correlation was found between seroprevalence and ILI incidence rate for A(H1N1)pdm09 in children between 5 and 14 (r = -0.84; 95% CI, -0.98 to -0.07); a weak negative correlation was observed for A(H3N2) and B/Yamagata (r ≤ -0.1). CONCLUSIONS The study provides new insight into the anti-influenza antibodies seroprevalence measured in summer on the ILI incidence rate in the next season and the need for adjusted preventive health care measures to prevent influenza infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Guiomar
- National Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Infectious Diseases DepartmentNational Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IPLisbonPortugal
| | | | - Inês Costa
- National Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Infectious Diseases DepartmentNational Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IPLisbonPortugal
| | - Patricia Conde
- National Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Infectious Diseases DepartmentNational Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IPLisbonPortugal
| | - Paula Cristóvão
- National Reference Laboratory for Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Infectious Diseases DepartmentNational Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IPLisbonPortugal
| | - Ana Paula Rodrigues
- Department of EpidemiologyNational Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IPLisbonPortugal
| | - Aida Fernandes
- Laboratório de Saúde Pública Dr.ª Laura AyresFaroPortugal
| | - Ana Paula Dias
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, E. P. E.LisbonPortugal
| | - Ana Rita Couto
- Hospital de Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, E. P. E.R.Angra do HeroísmoPortugal
| | - Angélica Ramos
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, E. P. E.PortoPortugal
- EPIUnit – Instituto de Saúde PúblicaUniversidade do PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Carina Moita
- Unidade Local de Saúde da Guarda, E. P. E.GuardaPortugal
| | | | - Fátima Vale
- Unidade Local de Saúde da Guarda, E. P. E.GuardaPortugal
| | | | - Jácome Bruges Armas
- Hospital de Santo Espírito da Ilha Terceira, E. P. E.R.Angra do HeroísmoPortugal
| | - João Pereira‐Vaz
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, E. P. E.CoimbraPortugal
| | - José Alves
- Hospital Central e Universitário da MadeiraFunchalPortugal
| | | | - Luis Martins
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, E.P. E.LisbonPortugal
| | - Luís Milho
- Laboratório de Saúde Pública Dr.ª Laura AyresFaroPortugal
| | - Luisa Mota‐Vieira
- Hospital do Divino Espirito Santo de Ponta Delgada, E. P. E. R.Ponta DelgadaPortugal
| | - Lurdes Lopes
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central, E. P. E.LisbonPortugal
| | - Margarida Freitas
- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira Guimarães, E. P. E.GuimarãesPortugal
| | | | - Maria Correia
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, E. P. E.CoimbraPortugal
| | | | | | | | - Mário Cunha
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil, E.P. E.LisbonPortugal
| | | | - Paula Mota
- Hospital da Senhora da Oliveira Guimarães, E. P. E.GuimarãesPortugal
| | - Paulo Lopes
- Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, E. P. E.Vila Nova de GaiaPortugal
| | - Paulo Pereira
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, E. P. E.PortoPortugal
| | - Regina Viseu
- Centro Hospitalar de Setúbal, E. P. E.SetúbalPortugal
| | - Rita Cabral
- Hospital do Divino Espirito Santo de Ponta Delgada, E. P. E. R.Ponta DelgadaPortugal
| | - Rita Côrte‐Real
- Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Lisboa Central, E. P. E.LisbonPortugal
| | - Sofia Almeida
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário Cova da Beira, E. P. E.CovilhãPortugal
| | - Vânia Soares
- Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, E. P. E.Vila Nova de GaiaPortugal
| | - Kamal Mansinho
- Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, E. P. E.LisbonPortugal
| | - Olav Hungnes
- Norwegian National Influenza CentreNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOsloNorway
| | - Baltazar Nunes
- Department of EpidemiologyNational Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, IPLisbonPortugal
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8
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Diouf FS, Tidjani Alou M, Bassene H, Cortaredona S, Diatta G, Raoult D, Sokhna C, Lagier JC. Seasonal variation of asymptomatic viral and bacterial nasopharyngeal carriage in rural Senegal. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:922-928. [PMID: 38579539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2024.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The surveillance of respiratory pathogens in rural areas of West Africa has, to date, largely been focussed on symptoms. In this prospective study conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, we aimed to assess the asymptomatic prevalence of respiratory pathogen carriage in a group of individuals living in a rural area of Senegalese. METHODS Longitudinal follow up was performed through monthly nasopharyngeal swabbing during the dry season and weekly swabbing during the rainy season. We enrolled 15 individuals from the village of Ndiop. A total of 368 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected over a one-year period. We investigated the prevalence of 18 respiratory viruses and eight respiratory bacteria in different age groups using singleplex and multiplex PCR. RESULTS In total, 19.56% of the samples (72/368) were positive for respiratory viruses and 13.60% of the samples (50/368) were positive for respiratory bacteria. Coronaviruses (19/72, 26.39%), adenoviruses (17/72, 23.61%), rhinoviruses (14/72, 19.44%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (17/50, 34%), and Moraxella catarrhalis (15/50, 30%) were the most frequently detected viruses. Interestingly, the carriage of respiratory pathogens was shown to be more frequent during the rainy season, as pluviometry was shown to be positively associated with the occurrence of respiratory viruses such as influenza (P = .0078, r2 =.523) and RSV (P = .0055, r2 =.554). CONCLUSIONS Our results show a non-negligible circulation of respiratory pathogens in a rural area in Senegal (West Africa) with an underestimated proportion of asymptomatic individuals. This study highlights the fact that the circulation of viruses and bacteria in the community has been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatou Samba Diouf
- VITROME IRD, Campus International de Recherche IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Maryam Tidjani Alou
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Hubert Bassene
- VITROME IRD, Campus International de Recherche IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Sebastien Cortaredona
- VITROME IRD, Campus International de Recherche IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Georges Diatta
- VITROME IRD, Campus International de Recherche IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Didier Raoult
- VITROME IRD, Campus International de Recherche IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Cheikh Sokhna
- VITROME IRD, Campus International de Recherche IRD-UCAD Hann, Dakar, Senegal; IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Lagier
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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9
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Chen M, Zhou Y, Jin S, Bai S, Tang X, Liu Q, Wang L, Ji R, Liu H, Zhong W, Chen Y, Fang D, Zhang J, Hua L. Changing clinical characteristics of pediatric inpatients with pneumonia during COVID-19 pandamic: a retrospective study. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:84. [PMID: 38650007 PMCID: PMC11036576 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01651-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic have impacts on the prevalence of other pathogens and people's social lifestyle. This study aimed to compare the pathogen, allergen and micronutrient characteristics of pediatric inpatients with pneumonia prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a large tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China. METHODS Patients with pneumonia admitted to the Department of Pediatric Pulmonology of Xinhua Hospital between March-August 2019 and March-August 2020 were recruited. And clinical characteristics of the patients in 2019 were compared with those in 2020. RESULTS Hospitalizations for pneumonia decreased by 74% after the COVID-19 pandemic. For pathogens, virus, mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) and mixed infection rates were all much lower in 2020 than those in 2019 (P < 0.01). Regarding allergens, compared with 2019, the positive rates of house dust mite, shrimp and crab were significantly higher in 2020 (P < 0.01). And for micronutrients, the levels of vitamin B2, B6, C and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in 2020 were observed to be significantly lower than those in 2019 (P < 0.05). For all the study participants, longer hospital stay (OR = 1.521, P = 0.000), milk allergy (OR = 6.552, P = 0.033) and calcium (Ca) insufficiency (OR = 12.048, P = 0.019) were identified as high-risk factors for severe pneumonia by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS The number of children hospitalized with pneumonia and incidence of common pathogen infections were both reduced, and that allergy and micronutrient status in children were also changed after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Chen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yabing Zhou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengjie Jin
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Insurance, Hang Seng University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shasha Bai
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanhua Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoxu Ji
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Haipei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwei Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingzhu Fang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Hua
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, 200092, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Raya S, Malla B, Shrestha S, Sthapit N, Kattel H, Sharma ST, Tuladhar R, Maharjan R, Takeda T, Kitajima M, Tandukar S, Haramoto E. Quantification of multiple respiratory viruses in wastewater in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal: Potential implications of wastewater-based epidemiology for community disease surveillance in developing countries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 920:170845. [PMID: 38340866 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite being the major cause of death, clinical surveillance of respiratory viruses at the community level is very passive, especially in developing countries. This study focused on the surveillance of three respiratory viruses [severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), influenza A virus (IFV-A), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)] in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, by implication of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). Fifty-one untreated wastewater samples were from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) between April and October 2022. Among eight combinations of the pre-evaluated methods, the combination of concentration by simple centrifugation, pretreatment by DNA/RNA Shield (Zymo Research), and extraction by the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (QIAGEN) showed the best performance for detecting respiratory viruses. Using this method with a one-step reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), SARS-CoV-2 RNA was successfully detected from both WWTPs (positive ratio, 100 % and 81 %) at concentrations of 5.6 ± 0.6 log10 copies/L from each WWTP. Forty-six SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive samples were further tested for three mutation site-specific one-step RT-qPCR (L452R, T478K, and E484A/G339D), where G339D/E484A mutations were frequently detected in both WWTPs (96 %). IFV-A RNA was more frequently detected in WWTP A (84 %) compared to WWTP B (38 %). RSV RNA was also detected in both WWTPs (28 % and 8 %, respectively). This is the first study on detecting IFV-A and RSV in wastewater in Nepal, showing the applicability and importance of WBE for respiratory viruses in developing countries where clinical data are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunayana Raya
- Department of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Bikash Malla
- Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Sadhana Shrestha
- Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Niva Sthapit
- Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Hari Kattel
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sangita Tara Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Reshma Tuladhar
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rabin Maharjan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Tribhuvan University, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Tomoko Takeda
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Kitajima
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13 West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
| | | | - Eiji Haramoto
- Interdisciplinary Center for River Basin Environment, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan.
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11
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Long Y, Zheng Y, Li C, Guo Z, Li P, Zhang F, Liu W, Wang Y. Respiratory pathogenic microbial infections: a narrative review. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:826-836. [PMID: 38617014 PMCID: PMC11008481 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.93628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infectious diseases have long been recognised as a substantial global healthcare burden and are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, particularly in vulnerable individuals. In the post COVID-19 era, there has been a surge in the prevalence of influenza virus A and other multiple known viruses causing cold compared with during the same period in the previous three years, which coincided with countries easing COVID-19 restrictions worldwide. This article aims to review community-acquired respiratory illnesses covering a broad spectrum of viruses, bacteria, and atypical microorganisms and focuses on the cluster prevalence of multiple known respiratory pathogens in China, thereby providing effective prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyin Long
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Changlin Li
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zhanjun Guo
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Fuqing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Tianjin Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300134, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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12
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Ngamasana EL, Zarwell M, Eberly L, Gunn LH. Difference in the physical and mental health of informal caregivers pre- and post-COVID-19 National Emergency Declaration in the United States. SSM Popul Health 2024; 25:101609. [PMID: 38313872 PMCID: PMC10837638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2024.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The burden of informal caregiving represents a chronic stressor for the informal caregivers (ICs). The study investigates differences in the physical and mental health of ICs and that of non-informal caregivers before and during COVID-19. Methods We used data from the 2019/2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to investigate differences in the rates of days of poor physical and mental health among ICs compared to non-informal caregivers before and after the COVID-19 National Emergency Declaration (NED). A propensity score model simulated a pseudo experimental design, comparing ICs ("treated") with non-informal caregivers ("control"). A difference-in-difference regression model estimated the incidence rate ratios for days of poor physical and mental health as a function of IC status and time of care provision. Results A total of 44,583 respondents were identified with valid responses on informal caregiving status and key sociodemographic characteristics. Of those, 6.24% (n = 3073) were ICs, matched against 15,365 non-informal caregivers. In the matched sample (n = 18,848), the incidence rate for days of poor physical health among ICs was 17% (p = 0.003) higher compared to non-informal caregivers. The incidence rate for days of poor physical health was 23% (p < 0.001) lower in the post-NED compared to the pre-NED periods. The incidence rate for days of poor mental health was 44% (p < 0.001) higher among ICs compared to non-informal caregivers and 22% higher among respondents who took the survey post-NED compared to those who answered during the pre-NED period. No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups in their incidence rates for days of poor physical and mental health from the pre-to the post-NED period. Conclusion These findings suggest a need to balance between the benefits conferred by public health restrictions versus the mental health burden that may result among certain groups, including ICs, who experience higher negative mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emery Lady Ngamasana
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Meagan Zarwell
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Lori Eberly
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Laura H Gunn
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- School of Data Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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13
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Rybarczyk Y, Zalakeviciute R, Ortiz-Prado E. Causal effect of air pollution and meteorology on the COVID-19 pandemic: A convergent cross mapping approach. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25134. [PMID: 38322928 PMCID: PMC10844283 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors have been suspected to influence the propagation and lethality of COVID-19 in the global population. However, most of the studies have been limited to correlation analyses and did not use specific methods to address the dynamic of the causal relationship between the virus and its external drivers. This work focuses on inferring and understanding the causal effect of critical air pollutants and meteorological parameters on COVID-19 by using an Empirical Dynamic Modeling approach called Convergent Cross Mapping. This technique allowed us to identify the time-delayed causation and the sign of interactions. Considering its remarkable urban environment and mortality rate during the pandemic, Quito, Ecuador, was chosen as a case study. Our results show that both urban air pollution and meteorology have a causal impact on COVID-19. Even if the strength and the sign of the causality vary over time, a general trend can be drawn. NO2, SO2, CO and PM2.5 have a positive causation for COVID-19 infections (ρ > 0.35 and ∂ > 9.1). Contrary to current knowledge, this study shows a rapid effect of pollution on COVID-19 cases (1 < lag days <24) and a negative impact of O3 on COVID-19-related deaths (ρ = 0.53 and ∂ = -0.3). Regarding the meteorology, temperature (ρ = 0.24 and ∂ = -0.4) and wind speed (ρ = 0.34 and ∂ = -3.9) tend to mitigate the epidemiological consequences of SARS-CoV-2, whereas relative humidity seems to increase the excess deaths (ρ = 0.4 and ∂ = 0.05). A causal network is proposed to synthesize the interactions between the studied variables and to provide a simple model to support the management of coronavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Rybarczyk
- School of Information and Engineering, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
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14
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Benede N, Tincho MB, Walters A, Subbiah V, Ngomti A, Baguma R, Butters C, Hahnle L, Mennen M, Skelem S, Adriaanse M, Facey-Thomas H, Scott C, Day J, Spracklen TF, van Graan S, Balla SR, Moyo-Gwete T, Moore PL, MacGinty R, Botha M, Workman L, Johnson M, Goldblatt D, Zar HJ, Ntusi NA, Zühlke L, Webb K, Riou C, Burgers WA, Keeton RS. Distinct T cell polyfunctional profile in SARS-CoV-2 seronegative children associated with endemic human coronavirus cross-reactivity. iScience 2024; 27:108728. [PMID: 38235336 PMCID: PMC10792240 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection in children typically results in asymptomatic or mild disease. There is a paucity of studies on SARS-CoV-2 antiviral immunity in African children. We investigated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in 71 unvaccinated asymptomatic South African children who were seropositive or seronegative for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell responses were detectable in 83% of seropositive and 60% of seronegative children. Although the magnitude of the CD4+ T cell response did not differ significantly between the two groups, their functional profiles were distinct, with SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children exhibiting a higher proportion of polyfunctional T cells compared to their seronegative counterparts. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells in seronegative children was associated with the endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) HKU1 IgG response. Overall, the presence of SARS-CoV-2-responding T cells in seronegative children may result from cross-reactivity to endemic coronaviruses and could contribute to the relative protection from disease observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntombi Benede
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Marius B. Tincho
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Avril Walters
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Vennesa Subbiah
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Amkele Ngomti
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Richard Baguma
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Claire Butters
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Lina Hahnle
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Mathilda Mennen
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Sango Skelem
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Marguerite Adriaanse
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Heidi Facey-Thomas
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christiaan Scott
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Jonathan Day
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Timothy F. Spracklen
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Parow Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Strauss van Graan
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sashkia R. Balla
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thandeka Moyo-Gwete
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Penny L. Moore
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rae MacGinty
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maresa Botha
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lesley Workman
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marina Johnson
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Goldblatt
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, University College London, London, UK
| | - Heather J. Zar
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A.B. Ntusi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Liesl Zühlke
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Parow Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Webb
- Division of Paediatric Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Crick African Network, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Wendy A. Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Roanne S. Keeton
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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15
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Ramzali M, Salimi V, Cheraghali F, Hosseini SD, Yasaghi M, Samadizadeh S, Rastegar M, Nakstad B, Tahamtan A. Epidemiology and clinical features of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in hospitalized children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Gorgan, Iran. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1787. [PMID: 38186938 PMCID: PMC10764657 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infection in infants and young children. Given the altered circulation patterns of respiratory viruses during the coronavirus disease pandemic-2019 (COVID-19), the study aimed to evaluate epidemiology and clinical features of RSV infections in hospitalized children during the COVID-19 pandemic in Gorgan, northeastern Iran. Molecular epidemiology studies on respiratory viral infections are necessary to monitor circulating viruses, disease severity, and clinical symptoms, in addition to early warning of new outbreaks. Methods Overall, 411 respiratory swab samples from hospitalized children from October 2021 to March 2022 were collected at Taleghani Children's Hospital, Gorgan, Iran. The incidence of RSV, as well as the circulating subgroups and genotypes, were investigated and confirmed using PCR methods. Additionally, all samples tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and influenza, and demographic and clinical data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results The share of RSV, SARS-CoV-2, and influenza among hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) were 27%, 16.5%, and 4.1%, respectively. The RSV subgroup A (genotype ON1) was dominant over subgroup B (genotype BA9), with more severe clinical symptoms. Compared with the prepandemic era there were high numbers of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 positive children and low numbers of other respiratory viruses. Despite this, the prevalence of ALRI-related RSV-disease among hospitalized children in our specialized pediatric center was higher than COVID-19 disease in the same cohort. Conclusions Studying the epidemiology of respiratory viruses and determining the circulating strains can contribute to effective infection control and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ramzali
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Department of Virology, School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Fatemeh Cheraghali
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Taleghani Children's HospitalGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Seyedeh Delafruz Hosseini
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Mohammad Yasaghi
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Saeed Samadizadeh
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Mostafa Rastegar
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
| | - Britt Nakstad
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent HealthUniversity of BotswanaGaboroneBotswana
- Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Institute of Clinical MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Alireza Tahamtan
- Infectious Diseases Research CenterGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
- Department of Microbiology, School of MedicineGolestan University of Medical SciencesGorganIran
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16
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Barbosa G, Alberto-Lei F, Chaves APC, Carvalho JMA, Conte DD, Moreira LVL, de Souza Luna LK, Perosa AH, Bellei N. Respiratory virus detection among healthcare professionals in Brazil: work-related contact and episode recurrence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health 2024; 226:159-164. [PMID: 38071948 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, changes in the circulation of respiratory viruses have been observed after measures to control the spread of SARS-CoV-2 were implemented. In this sense, we aimed to understand the circulation of the respiratory virus and its impact in a controlled healthy population of healthcare professional (HCP) volunteers in phase III of the clinical trial of the ChadOx nCoV1 conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. STUDY DESIGN This was a nested observational cohort study within a clinical trial. METHODS We performed RT-qPCR to detect SARS-CoV-2, influenza virus A and B (IVA and IVB), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human coronaviruses (hCoVs: HKU-1, NL63, OC43, and 229-E), parainfluenza virus (PiV) I-IV, and q-PCR for adenovirus in nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal samples obtained from HCP enrolled in the clinical trial to assess respiratory viruses infection among vaccinated and non-vaccinated. RESULTS From July 2020 to January 2022, 876 samples were included from 737 volunteers (median age: 33 years, 62.9% female). New episodes were registered for 119 individuals. We observed an overall positivity of 37.7% for SARS-CoV-2 and 16.4% for other respiratory viruses; HRV was the second most detected virus (8%), followed by RSV (2.4%). Fully vaccinated individuals accounted for 53.3% of collected samples, and 52.9% presented at least one respiratory virus infection, with SARS-CoV-2 being the most predominant etiologic agent (62.3%). Influenza and hMPV were not detected among the tested samples. Among the subjects that presented more than one episode, SARS-CoV-2 and HRV infections were related to direct contact with patients (P < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Data show high infection rates among HCPs even under mask policies and contact precautions, highlighting the need for improvement in infection control measures in this population regardless of the vaccination program.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Barbosa
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - F Alberto-Lei
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A P C Chaves
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - J M A Carvalho
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - D D Conte
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L V L Moreira
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L K de Souza Luna
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A H Perosa
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - N Bellei
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Escola Paulista de Medicina, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Otálora-Otálora BA, López-Rivera JJ, Aristizábal-Guzmán C, Isaza-Ruget MA, Álvarez-Moreno CA. Host Transcriptional Regulatory Genes and Microbiome Networks Crosstalk through Immune Receptors Establishing Normal and Tumor Multiomics Metafirm of the Oral-Gut-Lung Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16638. [PMID: 38068961 PMCID: PMC10706695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome has shown a correlation with the diet and lifestyle of each population in health and disease, the ability to communicate at the cellular level with the host through innate and adaptative immune receptors, and therefore an important role in modulating inflammatory process related to the establishment and progression of cancer. The oral cavity is one of the most important interaction windows between the human body and the environment, allowing the entry of an important number of microorganisms and their passage across the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. In this review, the contribution of the microbiome network to the establishment of systemic diseases like cancer is analyzed through their synergistic interactions and bidirectional crosstalk in the oral-gut-lung axis as well as its communication with the host cells. Moreover, the impact of the characteristic microbiota of each population in the formation of the multiomics molecular metafirm of the oral-gut-lung axis is also analyzed through state-of-the-art sequencing techniques, which allow a global study of the molecular processes involved of the flow of the microbiota environmental signals through cancer-related cells and its relationship with the establishment of the transcription factor network responsible for the control of regulatory processes involved with tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Javier López-Rivera
- Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Specialized Laboratory, Clinica Universitaria Colombia, Clínica Colsanitas S.A., Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
| | - Claudia Aristizábal-Guzmán
- Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110131, Colombia;
| | - Mario Arturo Isaza-Ruget
- Keralty, Sanitas International Organization, Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110131, Colombia;
| | - Carlos Arturo Álvarez-Moreno
- Infectious Diseases Department, Clinica Universitaria Colombia, Clínica Colsanitas S.A., Bogotá 111321, Colombia;
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18
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Remien KA, Amarin JZ, Horvat CM, Nofziger RA, Page-Goertz CK, Besunder JB, Potts BK, Forbes ML, Halasa N, Pelletier JH. Admissions for Bronchiolitis at Children's Hospitals Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2339884. [PMID: 37883085 PMCID: PMC10603547 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.39884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with a transient decrease in bronchiolitis hospitalizations compared with prepandemic patterns, but current effects remain unknown. Objective To analyze changes in patterns of bronchiolitis admissions at US children's hospitals during the 2020-2023 bronchiolitis seasons compared with the 2010-2019 seasons. Design, Setting, and Participants This retrospective cross-sectional study used data from 41 US children's hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System database. Bronchiolitis has winter-predominant seasonality, so hospitalizations were grouped according to bronchiolitis season (from July through June). This study included all patients aged younger than 2 years admitted with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2023. Bronchiolitis seasons from July through June between 2010-2011 and 2019-2020 were classified as the prepandemic era, and seasons between 2020-2021 and 2022-2023 were classified as the pandemic era. Data analysis was performed from July 1, 2010, through June 30, 2023. Exposures Admission date. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was number of hospitalizations for bronchiolitis by season and month. Monthly admission counts from the prepandemic era were transformed into time series and used to train seasonal ensemble forecasting models. Forecasts were compared to monthly admissions during the pandemic era. Results In this study, there were 400 801 bronchiolitis admissions among 349 609 patients between July 1, 2010, and June 30, 2023. The median patient age was 6 (IQR, 2-12) months; 58.7% were boys and 43.7% were White. Hospitalizations increased gradually during the prepandemic era (median, 29 309 [IQR, 26 196-34 157]), decreased 69.2% (n = 9030) in the 2020-2021 season, and increased 75.3% (n = 51 397) in the 2022-2023 season. Patients in the pandemic era were older than those in the prepandemic era (median, 7 [IQR, 3-14] vs 6 [2-12] months; P < .001). Intensive care unit (ICU) admissions increased from 32.2% (96 245 of 298 535) in the prepandemic era to 36.7% (37 516 of 102 266) in the pandemic era (P < .001). The seasonality of bronchiolitis admissions changed during the pandemic era. Admissions peaked in August 2021 (actual 5036 vs 943 [95% CI, 0-2491] forecasted) and November 2022 (actual 10 120 vs 5268 [95% CI, 3425-7419] forecasted). These findings were unchanged in sensitivity analyses excluding children with complex chronic conditions and excluding repeat admissions. In a sensitivity analysis including all viral lower respiratory tract infections in children aged younger than 5 years, there were 66 767 admissions in 2022-2023 vs 35 623 (31 301-41 002) in the prepandemic era, with the largest increase in children aged 24 to 59 months. Conclusions and Relevance The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that bronchiolitis hospitalizations decreased transiently and then increased markedly during the COVID-19 pandemic era. Patients admitted during the pandemic era were older and were more likely to be admitted to an ICU. These findings suggest that bronchiolitis seasonality has not yet returned to prepandemic patterns, and US hospitals should prepare for the possibility of atypical timing again in 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailey A. Remien
- Department of Medical Education, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
| | - Justin Z. Amarin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christopher M. Horvat
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan A. Nofziger
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Christopher K. Page-Goertz
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - James B. Besunder
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Brittany K. Potts
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
| | - Michael L. Forbes
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
- Rebecca D. Considine Research Institute, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
| | - Natasha Halasa
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jonathan H. Pelletier
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, Ohio
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
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19
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Shivarov V, Grigorova D, Yordanov A. Relative Risk of Death in Bulgarian Cancer Patients during the Initial Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2594. [PMID: 37761791 PMCID: PMC10531457 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11182594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has led to millions of documented deaths worldwide, with diverse distribution among countries. Surprisingly, Bulgaria, a middle-income European Union member state, ranked highest in COVID-19 mortality. This study aims to assess whether Bulgarian cancer patients experienced a higher relative risk (RR) of death compared to the general Bulgarian population during the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data from the Bulgarian National Statistical Institute and the Bulgarian National Cancer Registry were analyzed to estimate monthly RR of death in cancer patients compared to the general population before and during the first two years of the pandemic. The impact of the COVID-19 waves and predominant SARS-CoV-2 variants on RR was evaluated on various cancer types and age groups using a multiple linear regression approach. RESULTS During the COVID-19 waves, both the general population and cancer patients experienced a significant increase in mortality rates. Surprisingly, the RR of death in cancer patients was lower during pandemic waves. The results from the statistical modeling revealed a significant association between the COVID-19 waves and reduced RR for all cancer patients. Notably, the effect was more pronounced during waves associated with the Alpha and Delta variants. The results also showed varying impacts of the COVID-19 waves on RR when we analyzed subsamples of data grouped depending on the cancer type, age and sex. CONCLUSIONS Despite increased overall mortality in Bulgarian cancer patients during the pandemic, the RR of death was lower compared to the Bulgarian general population, indicating that protective measures were relatively effective in this vulnerable group. This study underscores the importance of implementing and encouraging preventive measures, especially in cancer patients, to mitigate the impact of future viral pandemics and reduce excess mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velizar Shivarov
- Department of Experimental Research, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Denitsa Grigorova
- Department of Probability, Operations Research and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University, 1504 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Angel Yordanov
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Medical University Pleven, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria;
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20
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van Wijk RC, Mockeliunas L, Upton CM, Peter J, Diacon AH, Simonsson USH. Seasonal influence on respiratory tract infection severity including COVID-19 quantified through Markov Chain modeling. CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol 2023; 12:1250-1261. [PMID: 37401774 PMCID: PMC10508522 DOI: 10.1002/psp4.13006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a burden to global health, but their characterization is complicated by the influence of seasonality on incidence and severity. The Re-BCG-CoV-19 trial (NCT04379336) assessed BCG (re)vaccination for protection from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and recorded 958 RTIs in 574 individuals followed over 1 year. We characterized the probability of RTI occurrence and severity using a Markov model with health scores (HSs) for four states of symptom severity. Covariate analysis on the transition probability between HSs explored the influence of demographics, medical history, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or influenza vaccinations, which became available during the trial, SARS-CoV-2 serology, and epidemiology-informed seasonal influence of infection pressure represented as regional COVID-19 pandemic waves, as well as BCG (re)vaccination. The infection pressure reflecting the pandemic waves increased the risk of RTI symptom development, whereas the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies protected against RTI symptom development and increased the probability of symptom relief. Higher probability of symptom relief was also found in participants with African ethnicity and with male biological gender. SARS-CoV-2 or influenza vaccination reduced the probability of transitioning from mild to healthy symptoms. Model diagnostics over calendar-time indicated that COVID-19 cases were under-reported during the first wave by an estimated 2.76-fold. This trial was performed during the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa and the results reflect that situation. Using this unique clinical dataset of prospectively studied RTIs over the course of 1 year, our Markov Chain model was able to capture risk factors for RTI development and severity, including epidemiology-informed infection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob C. van Wijk
- Department of Pharmaceutical BiosciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | | | - Jonathan Peter
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town Lung Institute and Division of Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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21
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Hashim BM, Al-Naseri SK, Hamadi AM, Mahmood TA, Halder B, Shahid S, Yaseen ZM. Seasonal correlation of meteorological parameters and PM 2.5 with the COVID-19 confirmed cases and deaths in Baghdad, Iraq. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2023; 94:103799. [PMID: 37360250 PMCID: PMC10277160 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was a serious global health emergency in 2020 and 2021. This study analyzed the seasonal association of weekly averages of meteorological parameters, such as wind speed, solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity, and air pollutant PM2.5, with confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Baghdad, Iraq, a major megacity of the Middle East, for the period June 2020 to August 2021. Spearman and Kendall correlation coefficients were used to investigate the association. The results showed that wind speed, air temperature, and solar radiation have positive and strong correlations with the confirmed cases and deaths in the cold season (autumn and winter 2020-2021). The total COVID-19 cases negatively correlated with relative humidity but were not significant in all seasons. Besides, PM2.5 strongly correlated with COVID-19 confirmed cases for the summer of 2020. The death distribution by age group showed the highest deaths for those aged 60-69. The highest number of deaths was 41% in the summer of 2020. The study provided useful information about the COVID-19 health emergency and meteorological parameters, which can be used for future health disaster planning, adopting prevention strategies and providing healthcare procedures to protect against future infraction transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassim Mohammed Hashim
- Environment, Water and Renewable Energy Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Saadi K Al-Naseri
- Environment, Water and Renewable Energy Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Alaa M Hamadi
- Environment, Water and Renewable Energy Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Tahani Anwar Mahmood
- Environment, Water and Renewable Energy Directorate, Ministry of Science and Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Bijay Halder
- Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, 721102, India
- New Era and Development in Civil Engineering Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Nasiriyah, 64001, Iraq
| | - Shamsuddin Shahid
- Department of Water & Environmental Engineering, University of Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaher Mundher Yaseen
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Waszkiewicz N. The Immunoseasonal Theory of Psychiatric Disorders. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4615. [PMID: 37510730 PMCID: PMC10380681 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12144615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the influence of the weather on the well-being and mental health of psychiatric patients has been widely seen, the relationships between various seasonal weather factors and depressive, manic, anxiety, and psychotic states have not been systematized in the literature. The current article describes the seasonal changes in weather-related immune responses and their impact on the development of episodes of depression, mania, psychosis, and anxiety, highlighting the T-helper 1 (Th1) and Th2 immune balance as their potential trigger. In autumn-winter depression, the hyperactivation of the Th1 system, possibly by microbial/airborne pathogens, may lead to the inflammatory inhibition of prefrontal activity and the subcortical centers responsible for mood, drive, and motivation. Depressive mood periods are present in most people suffering from schizophrenia. In the spring and summertime, when the compensating anti-Th1 property of the Th2 immune system is activated, it decreases the Th1 response. In individuals immunogenetically susceptible to psychosis and mania, the inhibition of Th1 by the Th2 system may be excessive and lead to Th2-related frontal and subcortical hyperactivation and subsequent psychosis. In people suffering from bipolar disorder, hyperintense changes in white matter may be responsible for the partial activation of subcortical areas, preventing full paranoid psychosis. Thus, psychosis may be mood-congruent in affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napoleon Waszkiewicz
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Białystok, Wołodyjowskiego 2, 15-272 Białystok, Poland
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Sangkham S, Islam MA, Sarndhong K, Vongruang P, Hasan MN, Tiwari A, Bhattacharya P. Effects of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and meteorological factors on the daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Bangkok during 2020-2021, Thailand. CASE STUDIES IN CHEMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2023; 8:100410. [PMID: 38620170 PMCID: PMC10286573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cscee.2023.100410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The ongoing global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, known as COVID-19, has disrupted public health, businesses, and economies worldwide due to its widespread transmission. While previous research has suggested a possible link between environmental factors and increased COVID-19 cases, the evidence regarding this connection remains inconclusive. The purpose of this research is to determine whether or not there is a connection between the presence of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and meteorological conditions and COVID-19 infection rates in Bangkok, Thailand. The study employs a statistical method called Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to find a positive and non-linear association between RH, AH, and R and the number of verified COVID-19 cases. The impacts of the seasons (especially summer) and rainfall on the trajectory of COVID-19 cases were also highlighted, with an adjusted R-square of 0.852 and a deviance explained of 85.60%, both of which were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The study results assist in preventing the future seasonal spread of COVID-19, and public health authorities may use these findings to make informed decisions and assess their policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarawut Sangkham
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Md Aminul Islam
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
- Advanced Molecular Lab, Department of Microbiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh
| | - Kritsada Sarndhong
- Department of Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Patipat Vongruang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
- Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Change Research Unit, School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand
| | - Mohammad Nayeem Hasan
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Ananda Tiwari
- Expert Microbiology Unit, Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, 70701, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Prosun Bhattacharya
- COVID-19 Research, Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 10B, SE, 10044, Stockholm, Sweden
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Edderdouri K, Kabbaj H, Laamara L, Lahmouddi N, Lamdarsi O, Zouaki A, El Amin G, Zirar J, Seffar M. Contribution of the FilmArray BioFire® Technology in the Diagnosis of Viral Respiratory Infections during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Ibn Sina University Hospital Center in Rabat: Epidemiological Study about 503 Cases. Adv Virol 2023; 2023:2679770. [PMID: 37384256 PMCID: PMC10299880 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2679770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viruses are the most involved pathogens in acute respiratory infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, new elements have been brought to this topic, especially at the diagnostic and therapeutic level. The objective of this work is to describe the epidemiology of respiratory viruses in patients admitted to the Ibn Sina University Hospital of Rabat during a period characterized by the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2. We conducted a retrospective study from January 1 to December 31. We included all patients treated for acute respiratory infection and for whom a multiplex respiratory panel PCR was requested. Virus detection was performed using a FilmArray RP 2.1 plus BioFire multiplex respiratory panel. The study population was relatively adults with a mean age of 39 years. The sex ratio M/F was 1.20. The survey revealed a high prevalence of 42.3% of patients hospitalized in the adult intensive care unit whose respiratory distress was the most common reason for hospitalization (58%). The positivity rate was 48.1%. This rate was higher in the pediatric population 83.13% compared to adults 29.7%. Monoinfection was found in 36.4% of cases, and codetection in 11.7% of cases. This survey revealed that a total of 322 viruses were detected, HRV being the most incriminated virus (48.7%), followed by RSV in 13.8% of patients. Considering the five most detected viruses in our study (HRV, RSV, PIV3, ADV, and hMPV), we found that the incidence was significantly higher in the pediatric population. SARS-CoV-2 was detected only in adult's population. In our study, we found that influenza A and B viruses, PIV2, MERS, and all bacteria were not detected by this kit during the study period. Regarding the seasonal distribution, RSV and hMPV showed a significantly high incidence during autumn and summer and SARS-CoV-2 and CoV OC43 showed a high peak during winter. In this study, we found a lack of detection of influenza virus and a shift in the usual winter peak of RSV to the summer, while the detection of ADV and HRV was less affected. This difference in detection could be due on the one hand to the difference in stability between enveloped and nonenveloped viruses and on the other hand to the escape of certain viruses to the different sanitary measures introduced after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic. These same measures were effective against enveloped viruses such as RSV and influenza viruses. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has modified the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses, either directly by viral interference or indirectly by the preventive measures taken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Edderdouri
- Mohamed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Central Laboratory of Virology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hakima Kabbaj
- Mohamed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Central Laboratory of Virology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Leila Laamara
- Mohamed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Central Laboratory of Virology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Lahmouddi
- Mohamed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Central Laboratory of Virology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Oumayma Lamdarsi
- Mohamed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Central Laboratory of Virology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Amal Zouaki
- Mohamed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Central Laboratory of Virology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ghizlane El Amin
- Mohamed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Central Laboratory of Virology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jalila Zirar
- Mohamed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Central Laboratory of Virology, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Myriam Seffar
- Mohamed V University, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Rabat, Morocco
- Ibn Sina University Hospital Center, Central Laboratory of Virology, Rabat, Morocco
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25
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Benede NSB, Tincho MB, Walters A, Subbiah V, Ngomti A, Baguma R, Butters C, Mennen M, Skelem S, Adriaanse M, van Graan S, Balla SR, Moyo-Gwete T, Moore PL, Botha M, Workman L, Zar HJ, Ntusi NAB, Zühlke L, Webb K, Riou C, Burgers WA, Keeton RS. Distinct T cell functional profiles in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive and seronegative children associated with endemic human coronavirus cross-reactivity. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.16.23290059. [PMID: 37292954 PMCID: PMC10246143 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.16.23290059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection in children typically results in asymptomatic or mild disease. There is a paucity of studies on antiviral immunity in African children. We investigated SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses in 71 unvaccinated asymptomatic South African children who were seropositive or seronegative for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell responses were detectable in 83% of seropositive and 60% of seronegative children. Although the magnitude of the CD4+ T cell response did not differ significantly between the two groups, their functional profiles were distinct, with SARS-CoV-2 seropositive children exhibiting a higher proportion of polyfunctional T cells compared to their seronegative counterparts. The frequency of SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cells in seronegative children was associated with the endemic human coronavirus (HCoV) HKU1 IgG response. Overall, the presence of SARS-CoV-2-responding T cells in seronegative children may result from cross-reactivity to endemic coronaviruses and could contribute to the relative protection from disease observed in SARS-CoV-2-infected children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ntombi S. B. Benede
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Marius B. Tincho
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Avril Walters
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Vennesa Subbiah
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Amkele Ngomti
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Richard Baguma
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Claire Butters
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Mathilda Mennen
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Sango Skelem
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Marguerite Adriaanse
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Strauss van Graan
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sashkia R. Balla
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thandeka Moyo-Gwete
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Penny L. Moore
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Maresa Botha
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lesley Workman
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Heather J. Zar
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Unit on Child and Adolescent Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Ntobeko A. B. Ntusi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Liesl Zühlke
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Cape Heart Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Parow Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Webb
- South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl Drive, Parow Cape Town, South Africa
- Crick African Network, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Wendy A. Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
| | - Roanne S. Keeton
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Observatory, South Africa
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26
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Pais CM, Godano MI, Juarez E, Prado AD, Manresa JB, Rufiner HL. City-scale model for COVID-19 epidemiology with mobility and social activities represented by a set of hidden Markov models. Comput Biol Med 2023; 160:106942. [PMID: 37156221 PMCID: PMC10152763 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE SARS-CoV-2 emerged by the end of 2019 and became a global pandemic due to its rapid spread. Various outbreaks of the disease in different parts of the world have been studied, and epidemiological analyses of these outbreaks have been useful for developing models with the aim of tracking and predicting the spread of epidemics. In this paper, an agent-based model that predicts the local daily evolution of the number of people hospitalized in intensive care due to COVID-19 is presented. METHODS An agent-based model has been developed, taking into consideration the most relevant characteristics of the geography and climate of a mid-size city, its population and pathology statistics, and its social customs and mobility, including the state of public transportation. In addition to these inputs, the different phases of isolation and social distancing are also taken into account. By means of a set of hidden Markov models, the system captures and reproduces virus transmission associated with the stochastic nature of people's mobility and activities in the city. The spread of the virus in the host is also simulated by following the stages of the disease and by considering the existence of comorbidities and the proportion of asymptomatic carriers. RESULTS As a case study, the model was applied to Paraná city (Entre Ríos, Argentina) in the second half of 2020. The model adequately predicts the daily evolution of people hospitalized in intensive care due to COVID-19. This adequacy is reflected by the fact that the prediction of the model (including its dispersion), as with the data reported in the field, never exceeded 90% of the capacity of beds installed in the city. In addition, other epidemiological variables of interest, with discrimination by age range, were also adequately reproduced, such as the number of deaths, reported cases, and asymptomatic individuals. CONCLUSIONS The model can be used to predict the most likely evolution of the number of cases and hospital bed occupancy in the short term. By adjusting the model to match the data on hospitalizations in intensive care units and deaths due to COVID-19, it is possible to analyze the impact of isolation and social distancing measures on the disease spread dynamics. In addition, it allows for simulating combinations of characteristics that would lead to a potential collapse in the health system due to lack of infrastructure as well as predicting the impact of social events or increases in people's mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Pais
- Laboratorio de Cibernética, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Route Prov. 11, km 10, Ciudad de Oro Verde, provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina.
| | - Matias I Godano
- Laboratorio de Cibernética, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Route Prov. 11, km 10, Ciudad de Oro Verde, provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Juarez
- Laboratorio de Cibernética, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Route Prov. 11, km 10, Ciudad de Oro Verde, provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Abelardo Del Prado
- Facultad de Trabajo Social, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Argentina
| | - Jose Biurrun Manresa
- Instituto de Investigación y Desarrollo en Bioingeniería y Bioinformática (IBB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - H Leonardo Rufiner
- Laboratorio de Cibernética, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos (UNER), Route Prov. 11, km 10, Ciudad de Oro Verde, provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina; Instituto de Investigación en Señales, Sistemas e Inteligencia Computacional (sinc(i)) Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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Colston JM, Hinson P, Nguyen NLH, Chen YT, Badr HS, Kerr GH, Gardner LM, Martin DN, Quispe AM, Schiaffino F, Kosek MN, Zaitchik BF. Effects of hydrometeorological and other factors on SARS-CoV-2 reproduction number in three contiguous countries of tropical Andean South America: a spatiotemporally disaggregated time series analysis. IJID REGIONS 2023; 6:29-41. [PMID: 36437857 PMCID: PMC9675637 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has caused societal disruption globally, and South America has been hit harder than other lower-income regions. This study modeled the effects of six weather variables on district-level SARS-CoV-2 reproduction numbers (Rt ) in three contiguous countries of tropical Andean South America (Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru), adjusting for environmental, policy, healthcare infrastructural and other factors. Methods Daily time-series data on SARS-CoV-2 infections were sourced from the health authorities of the three countries at the smallest available administrative level. Rt values were calculated and merged by date and unit ID with variables from a unified COVID-19 dataset and other publicly available sources for May-December, 2020. Generalized additive models were fitted. Findings Relative humidity and solar radiation were inversely associated with SARS-CoV-2 Rt . Days with radiation above 1000 kJ/m2 saw a 1.3% reduction in Rt , and those with humidity above 50% recorded a 0.9% reduction in Rt . Transmission was highest in densely populated districts, and lowest in districts with poor healthcare access and on days with lowest population mobility. Wind speed, temperature, region, aggregate government policy response, and population age structure had little impact. The fully adjusted model explained 4.3% of Rt variance. Interpretation Dry atmospheric conditions of low humidity increase district-level SARS-CoV-2 reproduction numbers, while higher levels of solar radiation decrease district-level SARS-CoV-2 reproduction numbers - effects that are comparable in magnitude to population factors like lockdown compliance. Weather monitoring could be incorporated into disease surveillance and early warning systems in conjunction with more established risk indicators and surveillance measures. Funding NASA's Group on Earth Observations Work Programme (16-GEO16-0047).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh M. Colston
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Patrick Hinson
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | | | - Yen Ting Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hamada S. Badr
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Gaige H. Kerr
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lauren M. Gardner
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David N. Martin
- Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia School of Medicine, VA, USA
| | | | - Francesca Schiaffino
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Margaret N. Kosek
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Benjamin F. Zaitchik
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Kelly ME, Gharpure R, Shivji S, Matonya M, Moshi S, Mwafulango A, Mwalongo V, Mghamba J, Simba A, Balajee SA, Gatei W, Mponela M, Saguti G, Whistler T, Moremi N, Mmbaga V. Etiologies of influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infections in Tanzania, 2017-2019. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0000906. [PMID: 36962965 PMCID: PMC10021583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In 2016, Tanzania expanded sentinel surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) to include testing for non-influenza respiratory viruses (NIRVs) and additional respiratory pathogens at 9 sentinel sites. During 2017-2019, respiratory specimens from 2730 cases underwent expanded testing: 2475 specimens (90.7%) were tested using a U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-developed assay covering 7 NIRVs (respiratory syncytial virus [RSV], rhinovirus, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza virus 1, 2, and 3) and influenza A and B viruses. Additionally, 255 specimens (9.3%) were tested using the Fast-Track Diagnostics Respiratory Pathogens 33 (FTD-33) kit which covered the mentioned viruses and additional viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens. Influenza viruses were identified in 7.5% of all specimens; however, use of the CDC assay and FTD-33 kit increased the number of specimens with a pathogen identified to 61.8% and 91.5%, respectively. Among the 9 common viruses between the CDC assay and FTD-33 kit, the most identified pathogens were RSV (22.9%), rhinovirus (21.8%), and adenovirus (14.0%); multi-pathogen co-detections were common. Odds of hospitalization (SARI vs. ILI) varied by sex, age, geographic zone, year of diagnosis, and pathogen identified; hospitalized illnesses were most common among children under the age of 5 years. The greatest number of specimens were submitted for testing during December-April, coinciding with rainy seasons in Tanzania, and several viral pathogens demonstrated seasonal variation (RSV, human metapneumovirus, influenza A and B, and parainfluenza viruses). This study demonstrates that expanding an existing influenza platform to include additional respiratory pathogens can provide valuable insight into the etiology, incidence, severity, and geographic/temporal patterns of respiratory illness. Continued respiratory surveillance in Tanzania, and globally, can provide valuable data, particularly in the context of emerging respiratory pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, and guide public health interventions to reduce the burden of respiratory illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radhika Gharpure
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Shivji
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Azma Simba
- Ministry of Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - S. Arunmozhi Balajee
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wangeci Gatei
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Marcelina Mponela
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Grace Saguti
- World Health Organization, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Toni Whistler
- U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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Alzueta N, Echeverría A, García P, Sanz L, Gil-Setas A, Beristain X, Aldaz P, Garjón J. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in Antibiotic Consumption in Navarre (Spain): An Interrupted Time Series Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020318. [PMID: 36830228 PMCID: PMC9952456 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) a global pandemic. This exceptional situation changed the world not only in terms of mortality and morbidity, but also in terms of epidemiology and health system resources consumption. The objective of this work was to analyze the consumption of antibiotics during the period around the pandemic in our region. A drug utilization study was performed comparing the antibiotic consumption in the community during the years 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2021. Quarterly antibiotic use (defined daily doses (DDD) per 1000 inhabitants per day (DID)) and number of patients treated were the outcomes. Interrupted time series regression analysis was performed to estimate the statistical significance of the change in level of consumption before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The drop of global antibiotic consumption was statistically significant, both in number of patients and in DID when analyzing pre-pandemic period versus pandemic period. The use of strategic antibiotics for respiratory infections such as amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and levofloxacin also decreased significantly. Seasonal pattern of use of antibiotics disappeared due to the global measures imposed over the world to work against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Alzueta
- Hospital Reina Sofía, Navarre Health Service, 31500 Tudela, Spain
- IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Amaya Echeverría
- IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Subdirectorate of Pharmacy, Navarre Health Service, 31002 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Patricia García
- IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Subdirectorate of Pharmacy, Navarre Health Service, 31002 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Lorea Sanz
- IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Subdirectorate of Pharmacy, Navarre Health Service, 31002 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alberto Gil-Setas
- IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Navarre Health Service, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Beristain
- IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Navarre Health Service, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Pablo Aldaz
- IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- San Juan Primary Care Center, Navarre Health Service, 31011 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Garjón
- IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarre, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Subdirectorate of Pharmacy, Navarre Health Service, 31002 Pamplona, Spain
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Sonmezer MC, Sahin TK, Erul E, Dizman GT, Inkaya AC, Alp A, Alp S, Unal S. Prevalence of Common Human Coronaviruses (NL63, 229E, and OC43) in Adults before the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Single-Center Study from Turkey, 2015-2020. Jpn J Infect Dis 2023; 76:27-33. [PMID: 36047175 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2022.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Common Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs), such as NL63, HKU1, 229E, and OC43, induce respiratory tract infections worldwide. Epidemiological studies of HCoVs are of paramount importance because the disease burden and trajectory (in years) have not been well addressed in adults. Here, we aimed to describe the burden of HCoVs in a hospital setting over five years before the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. This was a retrospective study of patients (>18 years) between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2020, whose respiratory specimens were tested by multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. In total, 7,861 respiratory samples (4,540 patients) were included, 38% of which tested positive for any respiratory virus. Of these, 212 (12.2%) samples were positive for HCoVs, and their co-infection with other respiratory viruses was 30.6%. Rhinovirus (27.6%) was the most common co-infection among all three HCoVs. The overall prevalence of HCoVs tended to be the highest in the winter (40.9%). Patients aged ≥60 years had the highest prevalence of overall HCoVs (39.7%). Given the duration and large sample size, this study from Turkey is one of the largest to date among adults in the literature. These epidemiological data and molecular surveillance of HCoVs have important implications for the control and prevention of respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meliha Cagla Sonmezer
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Taha Koray Sahin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Enes Erul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Gulcin Telli Dizman
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cagkan Inkaya
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Alparslan Alp
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Sehnaz Alp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Serhat Unal
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
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Widyasari K, Kim J. A Review of the Currently Available Antibody Therapy for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 36648889 PMCID: PMC9887598 DOI: 10.3390/antib12010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies are a promising treatment for COVID-19. However, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants raised concerns about these therapies' efficacy and long-term viability. Studies reported several antibodies, that received authorization for COVID-19 treatment, are not effective against new variants or subvariants of SARS-CoV-2, hence their distribution has to be paused. Here, the authors reviewed the status of the currently available monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 treatment, their potential as a therapeutic agent, and the challenges ahead. To address these issues, the authors presented general information on SARS-CoV-2 and how monoclonal antibodies work against SARS-CoV-2. The authors then focus on the antibodies that have been deployed for COVID-19 treatment and their current status, as well as the evidence supporting their potential as an early intervention against COVID-19. Lastly, the authors discussed some leading obstacles that hinder the development and administration of monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Widyasari
- Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinnam Kim
- Major of Food Science & Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Brown CRH, Faulkner P. Smokers' Affective Responses to COVID-19-Related Health Warnings on Cigarette Packets: The Influence of Delay Discounting. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:221-227. [PMID: 34468005 PMCID: PMC8499830 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The addition of graphic health warnings to cigarette packets can facilitate smoking cessation, primarily through their ability to elicit a negative affective response. Smoking has been linked to COVID-19 mortality, thus making it likely to elicit a strong affective response in smokers. COVID-19-related health warnings (C19HW) may therefore enhance graphic health warnings compared to traditional health warnings (THW). Further, because impulsivity influences smoking behaviors, we also examined whether these affective responses were associated with delay discounting. METHODS In a between-subjects design, 240 smokers rated the valence and arousal elicited by tobacco packaging that contained either a C19HW or THW (both referring to death). Participants also completed questionnaires to quantify delay discounting, and attitudes towards COVID-19 and smoking (eg, health risks, motivation to quit). RESULTS There were no differences between the two health warning types on either valence or arousal, nor any secondary outcome variables. There was, however, a significant interaction between health warning type and delay discounting on arousal ratings. Specifically, in smokers who exhibit low delay discounting, C19HWs elicited significantly greater subjective arousal rating than did THWs, whereas there was no significant effect of health warning type on arousal in smokers who exhibited high delay discounting. CONCLUSION The results suggest that in smokers who exhibit low impulsivity (but not high impulsivity) C19HWs may be more arousing than THWs. Future work is required to explore the long-term utility of C19HWs, and to identify the specific mechanism by which delay discounting moderates the efficacy of tobacco health warnings. IMPLICATIONS The study is the first to explore the impact of COVID-19-related health warnings on cigarette packaging. The results suggest that COVID-19-related warnings elicit a similar level of negative emotional arousal, relative to traditional warnings. However, COVID-19 warnings, specifically, elicit especially strong emotional responses in less impulsive smokers, who report low delay discounting. Therefore, there is preliminary evidence supporting COVID-19 related warnings for tobacco products to aid smoking cessation. Additionally, there is novel evidence that, for some warnings, high impulsiveness may be a factor in reduced warning efficacy, which may explain poorer cessation success in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris R H Brown
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Paul Faulkner
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
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Wang D, Gao H, Zhao L, Lv C, Dou W, Zhang X, Liu Y, Kang X, Guo K. Detection of the dominant pathogens in diarrheal calves of Ningxia, China in 2021-2022. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1155061. [PMID: 37138922 PMCID: PMC10149748 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1155061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Calf diarrhea is a complex disease that has long been an unsolved problem in the cattle industry. Ningxia is at the forefront of China in the scale of cattle breeding, and calf diarrhea gravely restricts the development of Ningxia's cattle industry. Methods From July 2021 to May 2022, we collected diarrhea stool samples from calves aged 1-103 days from 23 farms in five cities in Ningxia, and performed PCR using specific primers for 15 major reported pathogens of calf diarrhea, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The effect of different seasons on the occurrence of diarrhea in calves was explored, the respective epidemic pathogens in different seasons were screened, and more detailed epidemiological investigations were carried out in Yinchuan and Wuzhong. In addition, we analyzed the relationship between different ages, river distributions and pathogen prevalence. Results Eventually, 10 pathogens were detected, of which 9 pathogens were pathogenic and 1 pathogen was non-pathogenic. The pathogens with the highest detection rate were Cryptosporidium (50.46%), Bovine rotavirus (BRV) (23.18%), Escherichia coli (E. coli) K99 (20.00%), and Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) (11.82%). The remaining pathogens such as Coccidia (6.90%), Bovine Astrovirus (BoAstV) (5.46%), Bovine Torovirus (BToV) (4.09%), and Bovine Kobuvirus (BKoV) (3.18%) primarily existed in the form of mixed infection. Discussion The analysis showed that different cities in Ningxia have different pathogens responsible for diarrhea, with Cryptosporidium and BRV being the most important pathogens responsible for diarrhea in calves in all cities. Control measures against those pathogens should be enforced to effectively prevent diarrhea in calves in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haihui Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Long Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Changrong Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Dou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuping Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaodong Kang
- Institute of Animal Science, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaodong Kang
| | - Kangkang Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China
- Kangkang Guo
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Köntös Z. Reducing Vaccinia virus transmission indoors within 60 seconds: Applying SAFEAIR-X aerosol with Iodine-V as a disinfectant. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279027. [PMID: 36706113 PMCID: PMC9882904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Iodine-V ((C26H39N4O15)x * (I2)y) demonstrates an in vitro virucidal activity by deactivating SARS-CoV-2 viral titers. It combines elemental iodine (I2) and fulvic acid (C14H12O8), forming a clathrate compound. The antiviral properties of Iodine-V reduce viral load in the air to inhibit viral transmission indoors. This antiviral property was applied to form a disinfectant solution called SAFEAIR-X Aerosol. The current study evaluates the antiviral efficacy of Iodine-V in aerosol form in a prototype called SAFEAIR-X Aerosol. The experiment measured the antiviral efficacy of SAFEAIR-X following exposure to the Vaccinia virus (VACV) samples as a confirmed surrogate for SARS-CoV-2. The SAFEAIR-X showed 96% effectiveness, with 2 seconds of spraying duration and 60 seconds of contact time releasing less than 0.0001 ppm of iodine into the air, and a log reduction value of 1.50 at 60 seconds in 2 out of 3 tests was observed. Therefore, this study demonstrates SAFEAIR-X aerosol as a potential indoor surface and air disinfectant.
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Choi HG, Kim SY, Baek SU. Changes in mean and variance of ophthalmic disease incidences during COVID-19 pandemic in Korea. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20364. [PMID: 36437348 PMCID: PMC9701753 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24975-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study undertook to determine the changes in the numbers of outpatient visits for various ophthalmic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before. The monthly outpatient visits for 14 common ophthalmic diseases were enumerated based on the ICD-10 codes in Korean National Health Insurance Service data. The differences in the mean outpatient visits and disease variance 'before' and 'during COVID-19' were calculated. Subsequently, subgroup analyses according to age and sex were performed. The number of outpatient visits for conjunctivitis, scleritis & episcleritis, keratitis, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and traumatic ophthalmic disease were lower during than before COVID-19 (all P < 0.001). The lower numbers of outpatient visits for ophthalmic disorders during COVID-19 were consistent across the age and sex subgroups. All ophthalmic diseases other than endophthalmitis showed no change of variation 'during' relative to 'before' COVID-19. In conclusion, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the ophthalmic outpatient visits decreased for infectious and inflammatory diseases, screening diseases, and traumatic diseases. However, COVID-19 is not considered to have had a significant effect on variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Geun Choi
- grid.256753.00000 0004 0470 5964Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea ,grid.488421.30000000404154154Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- grid.410886.30000 0004 0647 3511Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Uk Baek
- grid.488421.30000000404154154Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22, Gwanpyeong-Ro 170Beon-Gil, Dongan-Gu, Anyang-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 14068 South Korea
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Fanelli M, Petrone V, Buonifacio M, Delibato E, Balestrieri E, Grelli S, Minutolo A, Matteucci C. Multidistrict Host-Pathogen Interaction during COVID-19 and the Development Post-Infection Chronic Inflammation. Pathogens 2022; 11:1198. [PMID: 36297256 PMCID: PMC9607297 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the presence of the ACE2 receptor in different tissues (nasopharynx, lung, nervous tissue, intestine, liver), the COVID-19 disease involves several organs in our bodies. SARS-CoV-2 is able to infect different cell types, spreading to different districts. In the host, an uncontrolled and altered immunological response is triggered, leading to cytokine storm, lymphopenia, and cellular exhaustion. Hence, respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) are established. This scenario is also reflected in the composition of the microbiota, the balance of which is regulated by the interaction with the immune system. A change in microbial diversity has been demonstrated in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy donors, with an increase in potentially pathogenic microbial genera. In addition to other symptoms, particularly neurological, the occurrence of dysbiosis persists after the SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterizing the post-acute COVID syndrome. This review will describe and contextualize the role of the immune system in unbalance and dysbiosis during SARS-CoV-2 infection, from the acute phase to the post-COVID-19 phase. Considering the tight relationship between the immune system and the gut-brain axis, the analysis of new, multidistrict parameters should be aimed at understanding and addressing chronic multisystem dysfunction related to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialaura Fanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vita Petrone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Buonifacio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Delibato
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuela Balestrieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sandro Grelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Virology Unit, Tor Vergata University Hospital, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Minutolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Matteucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Kim SY, Yoo DM, Kim JH, Kwon MJ, Kim JH, Chung J, Choi HG. Changes in Otorhinolaryngologic Disease Incidences before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13083. [PMID: 36293687 PMCID: PMC9602729 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the change in the incidence and variance of otorhinolaryngologic diseases during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. The entire Korean population (~50 million) was evaluated for the monthly incidence of 11 common otorhinolaryngologic diseases of upper respiratory infection (URI), influenza, acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess, acute laryngitis and bronchitis, stomatitis and related lesions, acute sinusitis, rhinitis, otitis media, and dizziness from January 2018 through March 2021 using the International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 codes with the data of the Korea National Health Insurance Service. The differences in the mean incidence of 11 common otorhinolaryngologic diseases before and during COVID-19 were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The differences in the variance of incidence before and during COVID-19 were compared using Levene's test. The incidence of all 11 otorhinolaryngologic diseases was lower during COVID-19 than before COVID-19 (all p < 0.05). The variations in disease incidence by season were lower during COVID-19 than before COVID-19 for infectious diseases, including URI, influenza, acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal and parapharyngeal abscess, acute laryngitis and bronchitis, acute sinusitis, and otitis media (all p < 0.05), while it was not in noninfectious diseases, including stomatitis, rhinitis, and dizziness. As expected, the incidences of all otorhinolalryngolgic diseases were decreased. Additionally, we found that seasonal variations in infectious diseases disappeared during the COVID-19 pandemic, while noninfectious diseases did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam 13496, Korea
| | - Dae Myoung Yoo
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
| | - Mi Jung Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
| | - Joo-Hee Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
| | - Juyong Chung
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Hallym Data Science Laboratory, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, Korea
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Tang SGH, Hadi MHH, Arsad SR, Ker PJ, Ramanathan S, Afandi NAM, Afzal MM, Yaw MW, Krishnan PS, Chen CP, Tiong SK. Prerequisite for COVID-19 Prediction: A Review on Factors Affecting the Infection Rate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12997. [PMID: 36293576 PMCID: PMC9602751 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192012997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Since the year 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as the dominant topic of discussion in the public and research domains. Intensive research has been carried out on several aspects of COVID-19, including vaccines, its transmission mechanism, detection of COVID-19 infection, and its infection rate and factors. The awareness of the public related to the COVID-19 infection factors enables the public to adhere to the standard operating procedures, while a full elucidation on the correlation of different factors to the infection rate facilitates effective measures to minimize the risk of COVID-19 infection by policy makers and enforcers. Hence, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive and analytical review of different factors affecting the COVID-19 infection rate. Furthermore, this review analyses factors which directly and indirectly affect the COVID-19 infection risk, such as physical distance, ventilation, face masks, meteorological factor, socioeconomic factor, vaccination, host factor, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the availability of COVID-19 testing. Critical analysis was performed for the different factors by providing quantitative and qualitative studies. Lastly, the challenges of correlating each infection risk factor to the predicted risk of COVID-19 infection are discussed, and recommendations for further research works and interventions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Gee Hoon Tang
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Haziq Hasnul Hadi
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Siti Rosilah Arsad
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Pin Jern Ker
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Santhi Ramanathan
- Faculty of Business, Multimedia University, Jalan Ayer Keroh Lama, Malacca 75450, Malaysia
| | - Nayli Aliah Mohd Afandi
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Madihah Mohd Afzal
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
| | - Mei Wyin Yaw
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Prajindra Sankar Krishnan
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Chai Phing Chen
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
| | - Sieh Kiong Tiong
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Department of Electrical & Electronics, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
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Li HL, Yang BY, Wang LJ, Liao K, Sun N, Liu YC, Ma RF, Yang XD. A meta-analysis result: Uneven influences of season, geo-spatial scale and latitude on relationship between meteorological factors and the COVID-19 transmission. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113297. [PMID: 35436453 PMCID: PMC9011904 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Meteorological factors have been confirmed to affect the COVID-19 transmission, but current studied conclusions varied greatly. The underlying causes of the variance remain unclear. Here, we proposed two scientific questions: (1) whether meteorological factors have a consistent influence on virus transmission after combining all the data from the studies; (2) whether the impact of meteorological factors on the COVID-19 transmission can be influenced by season, geospatial scale and latitude. We employed a meta-analysis to address these two questions using results from 2813 published articles. Our results showed that, the influence of meteorological factors on the newly-confirmed COVID-19 cases varied greatly among existing studies, and no consistent conclusion can be drawn. After grouping outbreak time into cold and warm seasons, we found daily maximum and daily minimum temperatures have significant positive influences on the newly-confirmed COVID-19 cases in cold season, while significant negative influences in warm season. After dividing the scope of the outbreak into national and urban scales, relative humidity significantly inhibited the COVID-19 transmission at the national scale, but no effect on the urban scale. The negative impact of relative humidity, and the positive impacts of maximum temperatures and wind speed on the newly-confirmed COVID-19 cases increased with latitude. The relationship of maximum and minimum temperatures with the newly-confirmed COVID-19 cases were more susceptible to season, while relative humidity's relationship was more affected by latitude and geospatial scale. Our results suggested that relationship between meteorological factors and the COVID-19 transmission can be affected by season, geospatial scale and latitude. A rise in temperature would promote virus transmission in cold seasons. We suggested that the formulation and implementation of epidemic prevention and control should mainly refer to studies at the urban scale. The control measures should be developed according to local meteorological properties for individual city.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Li Li
- College of Geography and Tourism Culture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Bai-Yu Yang
- College of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Li-Jing Wang
- College of Geography and Tourism Culture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ke Liao
- College of Geography and Tourism Culture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Nan Sun
- College of Geography and Tourism Culture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yong-Chao Liu
- College of Geography and Tourism Culture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Ningbo Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research at Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Donghai Academy, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ren-Feng Ma
- College of Geography and Tourism Culture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Ningbo Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research at Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Donghai Academy, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Yang
- College of Geography and Tourism Culture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Ningbo Universities Collaborative Innovation Center for Land and Marine Spatial Utilization and Governance Research at Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Donghai Academy, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Chan JFW, Poon VKM, Chan CCS, Chik KKH, Tsang JOL, Zou Z, Chan CCY, Lee ACY, Li C, Liang R, Cao J, Tang K, Yuen TTT, Hu B, Huang X, Chai Y, Shuai H, Luo C, Cai JP, Chan KH, Sridhar S, Yin F, Kok KH, Chu H, Zhang AJ, Yuan S, Yuen KY. Low Environmental Temperature Exacerbates Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in Golden Syrian Hamsters. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 75:e1101-e1111. [PMID: 34536277 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of low environmental temperature on viral shedding and disease severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is uncertain. METHODS We investigated the virological, clinical, pathological, and immunological changes in hamsters housed at room (21°C), low (12-15°C), and high (30-33°C) temperature after challenge by 105 plaque-forming units of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). RESULTS The nasal turbinate, trachea, and lung viral load and live virus titer were significantly higher (~0.5-log10 gene copies/β-actin, P < .05) in the low-temperature group at 7 days postinfection (dpi). The low-temperature group also demonstrated significantly higher level of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 3, and lower level of the antiviral IFN-α in lung tissues at 4 dpi than the other 2 groups. Their lungs were grossly and diffusely hemorrhagic, with more severe and diffuse alveolar and peribronchiolar inflammatory infiltration, bronchial epithelial cell death, and significantly higher mean total lung histology scores. By 7 dpi, the low-temperature group still showed persistent and severe alveolar inflammation and hemorrhage, and little alveolar cell proliferative changes of recovery. The viral loads in the oral swabs of the low-temperature group were significantly higher than those of the other two groups from 10 to 17 dpi by about 0.5-1.0 log10 gene copies/β-actin. The mean neutralizing antibody titer of the low-temperature group was significantly (P < .05) lower than that of the room temperature group at 7 dpi and 30 dpi. CONCLUSIONS This study provided in vivo evidence that low environmental temperature exacerbated the degree of virus shedding, disease severity, and tissue proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines expression, and suppressed the neutralizing antibody response of SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters. Keeping warm in winter may reduce the severity of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Fuk Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Kwok Man Poon
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Chung Sing Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kenn Ka Heng Chik
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jessica Oi Ling Tsang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zijiao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Chun Yiu Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Andrew Chak Yiu Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ronghui Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jianli Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kaiming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Terrence Tsz Tai Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Bingjie Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiner Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yue Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Huiping Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Cuiting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jian Piao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok Hung Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Feifei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Kin Hang Kok
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Anna Jinxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kwok Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China.,Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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41
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Time-of-Day Variation in SARS-CoV-2 RNA Levels during the Second Wave of COVID-19. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081728. [PMID: 36016350 PMCID: PMC9413669 DOI: 10.3390/v14081728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms influence and coordinate an organism's response to its environment and to invading pathogens. We studied the diurnal variation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in nasal/throat swabs collected in late 2020 to spring 2021 in a population immunologically naïve to SARS-CoV-2 and prior to widespread vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic PCR data from 1698 participants showed a significantly higher viral load in samples obtained in the afternoon, in males, and in hospitalised patients when linear mixed modelling was applied. This study illustrates the importance of recording sample collection times when measuring viral replication parameters in clinical and research studies.
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42
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de Oliveira LG, de Souza Angelo Y, Yamamoto P, Carregari VC, Crunfli F, Reis-de-Oliveira G, Costa L, Vendramini PH, Almeida ÉD, Dos Santos NB, Firmino EM, Paiva IM, Almeida GM, Sebollela A, Polonio CM, Zanluqui NG, de Oliveira MG, da Silva P, Gastão Davanzo G, Ayupe MC, Loureiro Salgado C, de Souza Filho AF, de Araújo MV, Silva-Pereira TT, de Almeida Campos AC, Góes LGB, Dos Passos Cunha M, Caldini EG, Lima MRDI, Fonseca DM, de Sá Guimarães AM, Minoprio PC, Munhoz CD, Mori CMC, Moraes-Vieira PM, Cunha TM, Martins-de-Souza D, Peron JPS. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Impacts Carbon Metabolism and Depends on Glutamine for Replication in Syrian Hamster Astrocytes. J Neurochem 2022; 163:113-132. [PMID: 35880385 PMCID: PMC9350388 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID‐19 causes more than million deaths worldwide. Although much is understood about the immunopathogenesis of the lung disease, a lot remains to be known on the neurological impact of COVID‐19. Here we evaluated immunometabolic changes using astrocytes in vitro and dissected brain areas of SARS‐CoV‐2 infected Syrian hamsters. We show that SARS‐CoV‐2 alters proteins of carbon metabolism, glycolysis, and synaptic transmission, many of which are altered in neurological diseases. Real‐time respirometry evidenced hyperactivation of glycolysis, further confirmed by metabolomics, with intense consumption of glucose, pyruvate, glutamine, and alpha ketoglutarate. Consistent with glutamine reduction, the blockade of glutaminolysis impaired viral replication and inflammatory response in vitro. SARS‐CoV‐2 was detected in vivo in hippocampus, cortex, and olfactory bulb of intranasally infected animals. Our data evidence an imbalance in important metabolic molecules and neurotransmitters in infected astrocytes. We suggest this may correlate with the neurological impairment observed during COVID‐19, as memory loss, confusion, and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Gomes de Oliveira
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Yan de Souza Angelo
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Yamamoto
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor Corasolla Carregari
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Crunfli
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Reis-de-Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lícia Costa
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Vendramini
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Érica Duque Almeida
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Barreto Dos Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Egidi Mayara Firmino
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID); Department of Pharmacology - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Isadora Marques Paiva
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID); Department of Pharmacology - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Almeida
- Department of Biocehmistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Adriano Sebollela
- Department of Biocehmistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carolina Manganeli Polonio
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nagela Ghabdan Zanluqui
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marília Garcia de Oliveira
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrick da Silva
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Gastão Davanzo
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marina Caçador Ayupe
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Loureiro Salgado
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Francisco de Souza Filho
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Valdemir de Araújo
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Taiana Tainá Silva-Pereira
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Elia Garcia Caldini
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology (LIM 59), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Morais Fonseca
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Department of Immunology - Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Márcia de Sá Guimarães
- Laboratory of Applied Research in Mycobacteria, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Madalena Cabrera Mori
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro Manoel Moraes-Vieira
- Laboratory of Immunometabolism, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mattar Cunha
- Center for Research in Inflammatory Diseases (CRID); Department of Pharmacology - Ribeirão Preto Medical School - University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Science, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses Laboratory, Scientific Platform Pasteur, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Immunopathology and Allergy Post Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Tateo F, Fiorino S, Peruzzo L, Zippi M, De Biase D, Lari F, Melucci D. Effects of environmental parameters and their interactions on the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 in North Italy under different social restrictions. A new approach based on multivariate analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 210:112921. [PMID: 35150709 PMCID: PMC8828377 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In 2020 North Italy suffered the SARS-CoV-2-related pandemic with a high number of deaths and hospitalization. The effect of atmospheric parameters on the amount of hospital admissions (temperature, solar radiation, particulate matter, relative humidity and wind speed) is studied through about 8 months (May-December). Two periods are considered depending on different conditions: a) low incidence of COVID-19 and very few regulations concerning personal mobility and protection ("free/summer period"); b) increasing incidence of disease, social restrictions and use of personal protections ("confined/autumn period"). The "hospitalized people in medical area wards/100000 residents" was used as a reliable measure of COVID-19 spreading and load on the sanitary system. We developed a chemometric approach (multiple linear regression analysis) using the daily incidence of hospitalizations as a function of the single independent variables and of their products (interactions). Eight administrative domains were considered (altogether 26 million inhabitants) to account for relatively homogeneous territorial and social conditions. The obtained models very significantly match the daily variation of hospitalizations, during the two periods. Under the confined/autumn period, the effect of non-pharmacologic measures (social distances, personal protection, etc.) possibly attenuates the virus diffusion despite environmental factors. On the contrary, in the free/summer conditions the effects of atmospheric parameters are very significant through all the areas. Particulate matter matches the growth of hospitalizations in areas with low chronic particulate pollution. Fewer hospitalizations strongly correspond to higher temperature and solar radiation. Relative humidity plays the same role, but with a lesser extent. The interaction between solar radiation and high temperature is also highly significant and represents surprising evidence. The solar radiation alone and combined with high temperature exert an anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect, via both the direct inactivation of virions and the stimulation of vitamin D synthesis, improving immune system function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Tateo
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Gradenigo, 6, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sirio Fiorino
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital, Azienda USL, Via Benni, 44, 40054, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Peruzzo
- Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (IGG), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via G. Gradenigo, 6, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Maddalena Zippi
- Unit of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Sandro Pertini Hospital, Via dei Monti Tiburtini 385, 00157, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Lari
- Internal Medicine Unit, Budrio Hospital, Azienda USL, Via Benni, 44, 40054, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dora Melucci
- Department of Chemistry Ciamician, University of Bologna, Via Selmi, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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44
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A Review on SARS-CoV-2 Genome in the Aquatic Environment of Africa: Prevalence, Persistence and the Future Prospects. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14132020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic (Coronavirus disease 2019) remains problematic in all its manifestations on the global stage where countless events of human-to-human exposure have led to fatal cases; thus, the aftermath being an unprecedented public health concern, with inaccessible health care and the instability of economies and financial institutions. These pose massive obstacles that can insatiably devour existing human resources causing negative impacts, especially in developing countries. Tracking the origin, dissemination and mutating strains of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) on population-wide scales is a somewhat overwhelming task, with the urgent need to map the dissemination and magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 in near real-time. This review paper focuses on the poor sanitation of some waterbodies and wastewater management policies in low-income African countries, highlighting how these contribute to the COVID-19 pandemic on the continent. Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pandemic, there has been an upsurge in scientific literature and studies concerning SARS-CoV-2 with different opinions and findings. The current paper highlights the challenges and also summarizes the environmental aspects related to the monitoring and fate of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes in the aquatic milieu of Sub-Saharan Africa.
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45
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An Exploration of How Solar Radiation Affects the Seasonal Variation of Human Mortality Rates and the Seasonal Variation in Some Other Common Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122519. [PMID: 35745248 PMCID: PMC9228654 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Many diseases have large seasonal variations in which winter overall mortality rates are about 25% higher than in summer in mid-latitude countries, with cardiovascular diseases and respiratory infections and conditions accounting for most of the variation. Cancers, by contrast, do not usually have pronounced seasonal variations in incidence or mortality rates. This narrative review examines the epidemiological evidence for seasonal variations in blood pressure, cardiovascular disease rates and respiratory viral infections in relation to atmospheric temperature and humidity, and solar UV exposure through vitamin D production and increased blood concentrations of nitric oxide. However, additional mechanisms most likely exist by which solar radiation reduces the risk of seasonally varying diseases. Some studies have been reported with respect to temperature without considering solar UV doses, although studies regarding solar UV doses, such as for respiratory infections, often consider whether temperature can affect the findings. More research is indicated to evaluate the relative effects of temperature and sun exposure on the seasonality of mortality rates for several diseases. Since solar ultraviolet-B (UVB) doses decrease to vanishingly small values at higher latitudes in winter, the use of safe UVB lamps for indoor use in winter may warrant consideration.
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46
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Abou El Naja H, Tempia S, Barakat A, Elkholy A, Aman A, Khan W, Abubakar A. Influenza activity in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) in 2020-2021 amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Glob Health 2022; 7:bmjgh-2022-008506. [PMID: 35764351 PMCID: PMC9240446 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A global reduction in influenza virus activity during the COVID-19 pandemic has been observed, including in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). However, these changes have not been thoroughly evaluated scientifically in the EMR. Objective We aim to present data on seasonal influenza activity during the pre-pandemic period (2016–2019) and compare it to the pandemic period (2020–2021) in EM countries. Methods Epidemiological and virological influenza surveillance data were retrieved from both WHO FluNet and EMFLU networks. Four pre-pandemic analytical periods were used in the comparative analysis. We compiled and calculated weekly aggregated epidemiological data on the number of enrolled patients, number of tested specimens and number of positive influenza specimens. Results 19 out of the 22 countries of the EMR have functioning sentinel influenza surveillance systems, and these countries report the influenza data to WHO through FluNet and EMFLU. The number of enrolled patients and tested specimens increased gradually from 51 384 and 50 672, respectively, in 2016–2017 analytical period to 194 049 enrolled patients and 124 697 tested specimens in 2019–2020. A decrease has been witnessed in both enrolled patients and tested specimens in 2020–2021 ‘pandemic period’ (166 576 and 44 764, respectively). By comparing influenza activity of analytical period 2020–2021 with that of 2016–2019 analytical periods, we found that there has been a decrease in influenza positivity rate in the EMR by 89%. Conclusion The implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions to control the COVID-19 pandemic may have also impacted the spread of influenza viruses. The low circulation of influenza viruses during 2020–2021 and the associated potential immunity gap may result in increased transmission and severity of post-pandemic influenza seasons. This necessitates high vigilance to continuous data and virus sharing to monitor circulating viruses in a timely fashion to reduce the intensity and severity of future influenza epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hala Abou El Naja
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness, World Health Organization- Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Stefano Tempia
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness, World Health Organization- Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Barakat
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness, World Health Organization- Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amgad Elkholy
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness, World Health Organization- Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amir Aman
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness, World Health Organization- Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wasiq Khan
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness, World Health Organization- Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdinasir Abubakar
- Infectious Hazard Prevention and Preparedness, World Health Organization- Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office, Cairo, Egypt
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47
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Zamhuri SA, Soon CF, Nordin AN, Ab Rahim R, Sultana N, Khan MA, Lim GP, Tee KS. A review on the contamination of SARS-CoV-2 in water bodies: Transmission route, virus recovery and recent biosensor detection techniques. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2022; 36:100482. [PMID: 35251937 PMCID: PMC8889793 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of SARS-CoV-2 virus in the water bodies has been reported, and the risk of virus transmission to human via the water route due to poor wastewater management cannot be disregarded. The main source of the virus in water bodies is the sewage network systems which connects to the surface water. Wastewater-based epidemiology has been applied as an early surveillance tool to sense SARS-CoV-2 virus in the sewage network. This review discussed possible transmission routes of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the challenges of the existing method in detecting the virus in wastewater. One significant challenge for the detection of the virus is that the high virus loading is diluted by the sheer volume of the wastewater. Hence, virus preconcentration from water samples prior to the application of virus assay is essential to accurately detect traceable virus loading. The preparation time, materials and conditions, virus type, recovery percentage, and various virus recovery techniques are comprehensively discussed in this review. The practicability of molecular methods such as Polymer-Chain-Reaction (PCR) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater will be revealed. The conventional virus detection techniques have several shortcomings and the potential of biosensors as an alternative is also considered. Biosensing techniques have also been proposed as an alternative to PCR and have reported detection limits of 10 pg/μl. This review serves to guide the reader on the future designs and development of highly sensitive, robust and, cost effective SARS-CoV-2 lab-on-a-chip biosensors for use in complex wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Adibah Zamhuri
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Chin Fhong Soon
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Anis Nurashikin Nordin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyah of Engineering, International University of Islam Malaysia, 53100, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rosminazuin Ab Rahim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Kulliyah of Engineering, International University of Islam Malaysia, 53100, Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Muhammad Arif Khan
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Gim Pao Lim
- Microelectronics and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Kian Sek Tee
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
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48
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Coccia M. COVID-19 pandemic over 2020 (withlockdowns) and 2021 (with vaccinations): similar effects for seasonality and environmental factors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112711. [PMID: 35033552 PMCID: PMC8757643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
How is the dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in 2020 with an health policy of full lockdowns and in 2021 with a vast campaign of vaccinations? The present study confronts this question here by developing a comparative analysis of the effects of COVID-19 pandemic between April-September 2020 (based upon strong control measures) and April-September 2021 (focused on health policy of vaccinations) in Italy, which was one of the first European countries to experience in 2020 high numbers of COVID-19 related infected individuals and deaths and in 2021 Italy has a high share of people fully vaccinated against COVID-19 (>89% of population aged over 12 years in January 2022). Results suggest that over the period under study, the arithmetic mean of confirmed cases, hospitalizations of people and admissions to Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in 2020 and 2021 is significantly equal (p-value<0.01), except fatality rate. Results suggest in December 2021 lower hospitalizations, admissions to ICUs, and fatality rate of COVID-19 than December 2020, though confirmed cases and mortality rates are in 2021 higher than 2020, and likely converging trends in the first quarter of 2022. These findings reveal that COVID-19 pandemic is driven by seasonality and environmental factors that reduce the negative effects in summer period, regardless control measures and/or vaccination campaigns. These findings here can be of benefit to design health policy responses of crisis management considering the growth of COVID-19 pandemic in winter months having reduced temperatures and low solar radiations ( COVID-19 has a behaviour of influenza-like illness). Hence, findings here suggest that strategies of prevention and control of infectious diseases similar to COVID-19 should be set up in summer months and fully implemented during low-solar-irradiation periods (autumn and winter period).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Coccia
- CNR, National Research Council of Italy - Via Real Collegio, n. 30 (Collegio Carlo Alberto), 10024, Moncalieri (TO), Italy.
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49
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Muruganandam N, Roy A, Sivanandan N, Vins A, Beniwal N, Kaur H, Potdar V, Parvez R. Respiratory viruses among ethnic Nicobarese during COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:463. [PMID: 35568797 PMCID: PMC9107012 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) are public health burdens globally. The percentage of non-SARS CoV-2 respiratory viruses among patients having ARI and SARI who visit Car Nicobar's hospital settings is undocumented. Changes in the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses during COVID19 pandemic is being reported worldwide. Methods Inpatient and outpatient settings at BJR hospital, Car Nicobar Island, India, were used to conduct prospective monitoring for ARI and SARI among Nicobarese tribal members. The patients with ARI and SARI were enlisted in BJR hospital from June 2019 to May 2021. At the ICMR-NIV in Pune, duplex RT-PCR assays were used to test the presence of respiratory viruses. The prevalence of non- SARS CoV-2 respiratory viruses was measured by comparing here between pandemic and pre-pandemic periods. Results During the COVID19 pandemic, Influenza A (H3N2) and rhinovirus were predominantly reported non-SARS CoV-2 respiratory viruses while Human metapneumovirusand influenza A (H1N1)pdm09were most commonly reported in the prepandemic period. This result indicates the altered circulation of non-SARS CoV-2 during pandemic. Conclusions A considerable proportion of respiratory infection was correlated with respiratory viruses. Prevalence of non-SARS CoV-2 respiratory viruses was high at the time of infection when compared with pre-pandemic period, at Car Nicobar Island. This study enlightened the change in circulation of other respiratory viruses among the indigenous Nicobarese tribes. Clinicians and allied medical staff should be more prudent of these respiratory infections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-022-07435-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarajan Muruganandam
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744103, India
| | - Avijit Roy
- Directorate of Health Services, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744101, India
| | - Nimisha Sivanandan
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744103, India
| | - Alwin Vins
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744103, India
| | - Nisha Beniwal
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744103, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Varsha Potdar
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, Maharashtra, 411021, India.
| | - Rehnuma Parvez
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 744103, India.
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50
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COVID-19 Vaccination and Rates of Infections, Hospitalizations, ICU Admissions, and Deaths in the European Economic Area during Autumn 2021 Wave of SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030437. [PMID: 35335069 PMCID: PMC8955952 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 vaccination campaigns were met with a varying level of vaccine hesitancy in Europe. We analyzed the potential relationships between COVID-19 vaccine coverage in different countries of the European Economic Area and rates of infection, hospitalizations, admissions to intensive care units (ICU), and deaths during the autumn 2021 SARS-CoV-2 wave (September−December). Significant negative correlations between infection rates and the percentage of fully vaccinated individuals were found during September, October, and November, but not December. The loss of this protective effect in December is likely due to the emergence of the omicron (B.1.1.529) variant, better adapted to evade vaccine-induced humoral immunity. For every considered month, the negative linear associations between the vaccine coverage and mean number of hospitalizations (r= −0.61 to −0.88), the mean number of ICU admissions (r= −0.62 to −0.81), and death rate (r= −0.64 to −0.84) were observed. The results highlight that vaccines provided significant benefits during autumn 2021. The vaccination of unvaccinated individuals should remain the primary strategy to decrease the hospital overloads, severe consequences of COVID-19, and deaths.
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