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Rothrock MJ, Zwirzitz B, Al Hakeem WG, Oladeinde A, Guard JY, Li X. 16S amplicon-based microbiome biomapping of a commercial broiler hatchery. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:46. [PMID: 39123264 PMCID: PMC11312677 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hatcheries, where eggs from multiple breeder farms are incubated and hatched before being sent to different broiler farms, represent a nexus point in the commercial production of broilers in the United States. Considering all downstream microbial quality and safety aspects of broiler production (live production, processing, consumer use) can be potentially affected by the hatchery, a better understanding of microbial ecology within commercial hatcheries is essential. Therefore, a commercial broiler hatchery was biomapped using 16S rRNA amplicon-based microbiome analyses of four sample type categories (Air, Egg, Water, Facility) across five different places in the pre-hatch, hatch, and post-hatch areas. While distinct microbiota were found for each sample type category and hatchery area, microbial community analyses revealed that Egg microbiota trended towards clustering with the facility-related samples when moving from the prehatch to post-hatch areas, highlighting the potential effect of the hatchery environment in shaping the pre-harvest broiler-related microbiota. Prevalence analyses revealed 20 ASVs (Core20) present in the core microbiota of all sample types and areas, with each ASV possessing a unique distribution throughout the hatchery. Interestingly, three Enterobacteriaceae ASVs were in the Core20, including Salmonella. Subsequent analyses showed that Salmonella, while a minor prehatch and hatch Core20ASV, dominated the Enterobacteriaceae niche and total microbiota in the chick pad feces in the post-hatch area of the hatchery, and the presence of this Salmonella ASV in the post-hatch feces was associated with swabs of breakroom tables. These findings highlight the complexity of commercial hatchery microbiota, including identifying chick pad feces and breakroom tables as potentially important sampling or disinfection targets for hatchery managers to focus their Salmonella mitigation efforts to reduce loads entering live production farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rothrock
- Egg and Poultry Production Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA.
| | - Benjamin Zwirzitz
- Institute of Food Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walid G Al Hakeem
- Egg and Poultry Production Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, US-DOE, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Adelumola Oladeinde
- Egg and Poultry Production Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jean Y Guard
- Egg and Poultry Production Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Egg and Poultry Production Safety Research Unit, USDA-ARS, US National Poultry Research Center, 950 College Station Rd., Athens, GA, USA
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Vaasjo E, Stothart MR, Black SR, Poissant J, Whiteside DP. The impact of management on the fecal microbiome of endangered greater sage-grouse ( Centrocercus urophasianus) in a zoo-based conservation program. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 12:coae052. [PMID: 39113731 PMCID: PMC11304599 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Greater sage-grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are a critically endangered species in Canada with fewer than 140 individuals remaining on native habitats in southern Alberta and Saskatchewan. In 2014, the Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo initiated North America's only zoo-based conservation breeding program for this species to bolster declining wild populations through conservation reintroductions. Within the managed population of sage-grouse, morbidity and mortality have primarily been associated with intestinal bacterial infections. As a preliminary study to assess the gastrointestinal health of this species in managed care, the fecal bacterial microbiome of adult and juvenile captive sage-grouse was characterized with 16S rRNA sequencing. The composition of the microbiome at the phylum level in greater sage-grouse is consistent with previous studies of the avian microbiome, with Bacillota as the most abundant phyla, and Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota and Pseudomonadota also being highly abundant. Antibiotic use and sex did not have a significant impact on the diversity or composition of the microbiome, but the management of juvenile sage-grouse did influence the development of the microbiome. Juveniles that were raised outdoors under maternal care developed a microbiome much more similar to adults when compared to chicks that were incubated and hand-raised. The local environment and parental care appear to be important factors influencing the diversity and composition of the gastrointestinal microbiome in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Vaasjo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Animal Health Department, Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo, 1300 Zoo Rd NE, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada
| | - Mason R Stothart
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Sandra R Black
- Animal Health Department, Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo, 1300 Zoo Rd NE, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada
| | - Jocelyn Poissant
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Douglas P Whiteside
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Animal Health Department, Wilder Institute/Calgary Zoo, 1300 Zoo Rd NE, Calgary, AB T2E 7V6, Canada
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3
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Nouri A. Age-dependent development trends (models) of intestinal significant microbiota species and Eimeria oocysts in coccidia-challenged broiler chickens as affected by dietary encapsulated organic acids and anticoccidial drugs. Avian Pathol 2024; 53:264-284. [PMID: 38349388 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2024.2319284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACTThe study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary encapsulated organic acids (EOAs) and anticoccidials on the age-dependent development trend of intestinal Lactobacillus, E. coli, coliforms, and Eimeria in Eimeria spp.-infected broiler chickens from reused litter. In total, 525 mixed-sex 1-day-old broiler chickens were used in an uninfected/un-supplemented control plus a 2 (no EOA or 0.1% EOA) × 3 (no anticoccidial, 0.05% maduramicin, and 0.02% diclazuril) factorial arrangement of treatments as a completely randomized design with five replicates of 15 chickens. Results indicated that the cubic model is the best model for explaining the development trends of the intestinal microbial population in uninfected and infected chickens (affected by the EOAs and anticoccidials). Based on the cubic models, the microbial populations had development trends with a decreasing slope from 1-day-old until the early or middle finisher period. EOAs and anticoccidials, especially their simultaneous usage, improved (P < 0.05) the linear and cubic models' slope (affected negatively by Eimeria infection). A polynomial model (order = 6) was determined as the best model for explaining the EOAs and anticoccidial effects on the trend of intestinal Eimeria oocysts in infected chickens. The infection peak (which happened at 25 days) was reduced by EOAs and anticoccidials, especially their simultaneous usage. In conclusion, cubic and polynomial (order = 6) regressions are the best models fitted for explaining the microbiota and Eimeria oocysts trends, respectively. EOAs and anticoccidials, especially their simultaneous usage, had beneficial effects on the microbiota and Eimeria development trends and gastrointestinal health in coccidia-infected broiler chickens.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSCubic regression is the best model for explaining intestinal microbiota development.Polynomial regression is the best model for intestinal Eimeria oocysts development.Age-development trends are affected by dietary encapsulated organic acids and anticoccidials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nouri
- Department of Animal Science, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, Iran
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Riva F, McGuinness DH, McKeegan DEF, Peinado-Izaguerri J, Bruggeman G, Hermans D, Eckersall PD, McLaughlin M, Bain M. Measuring the impact of dietary supplementation with citrus or cucumber extract on chicken gut microbiota using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2369-2384. [PMID: 38780824 PMCID: PMC11315731 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10417-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of dietary supplements, citrus (CTS) and cucumber (CMB), on the jejunum and cecum microbiota of 14- and 28-days old broiler chickens to evaluate their impact on the gut health and assess their role as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (ABGPs). 16SrRNA gene sequencing revealed the overall bacterial microbiota composition was significantly affected by the gut site (p?0.001) but not by either of the dietary supplements, CTS and CMB, at both 14 and 28 days of age. However, as a result of Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSE), CTS dietary supplements significantly increased the counts of Lactobacillus (p?0.01) and decreased the counts of Enterococcus (p?0.01) and Clostridium (p?0.05) in the jejunum, whereas the counts of Blautia were increased (p?0.01) and Enterococcus were decreased (p?0.05) in the cecum at both ages. Only minor CMB effects were identified in the cecum and non in the jejunum. The use of CTS dietary supplements has been shown to be associated to the reduction of potentially pathogenic bacteria (Enterococcus and Clostridium) and to the growth of beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus and Blautia) which are known to have positive effects on chicken health in terms of nutrients absorption, stimulation and production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Therefore, this study suggests that the use of a CTS supplemented diet could promote gut health while no clear advantages have been identified with the use of CMB as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Riva
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, High St, PA1 2BE, Paisley, UK
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Radoslava Cimermana, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - David H McGuinness
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow, Switchback Rd, G61 1BD, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dorothy E F McKeegan
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jorge Peinado-Izaguerri
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Ko?ice, Komensk?ho, 041 81, Ko?ice, Slovakia
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, M13 9PT, Manchester, UK
| | | | - David Hermans
- Nutrition Sciences N. V, B-9031, Booiebos, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter D Eckersall
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Maureen Bain
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden Rd, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
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Aruwa CE, Sabiu S. Interplay of poultry-microbiome interactions - influencing factors and microbes in poultry infections and metabolic disorders. Br Poult Sci 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38920059 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2024.2356666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
1. The poultry microbiome and its stability at every point in time, either free range or reared under different farming systems, is affected by several environmental and innate factors. The interaction of the poultry birds with their microbiome, as well as several inherent and extraneous factors contribute to the microbiome dynamics. A poor understanding of this could worsen poultry heath and result in disease/metabolic disorders.2. Many diseased states associated with poultry have been linked to dysbiosis state, where the microbiome experiences some perturbation. Dysbiosis itself is too often downplayed; however, it is considered a disease which could lead to more serious conditions in poultry. The management of interconnected factors by conventional and emerging technologies (sequencing, nanotechnology, robotics, 3D mini-guts) could prove to be indispensable in ensuring poultry health and welfare.3. Findings showed that high-throughput technological advancements enhanced scientific insights into emerging trends surrounding the poultry gut microbiome and ecosystem, the dysbiotic condition, and the dynamic roles of intrinsic and exogenous factors in determining poultry health. Yet, a combination of conventional, -omics based and other techniques further enhance characterisation of key poultry microbiome actors, their mechanisms of action, and roles in maintaining gut homoeostasis and health, in a bid to avert metabolic disorders and infections.4. In conclusion, there is an important interplay of innate, environmental, abiotic and biotic factors impacting on poultry gut microbiome homoeostasis, dysbiosis, and overall health. Associated infections and metabolic disorders can result from the interconnected nature of these factors. Emerging concepts (interkingdom or network signalling and neurotransmitter), and future technologies (mini-gut models, cobots) need to include these interactions to ensure accurate control and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Aruwa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
| | - S Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa
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Fonseca A, Kenney S, Van Syoc E, Bierly S, Dini-Andreote F, Silverman J, Boney J, Ganda E. Investigating antibiotic free feed additives for growth promotion in poultry: effects on performance and microbiota. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103604. [PMID: 38484563 PMCID: PMC10951610 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The poultry industry is evolving towards antibiotic-free production to meet market demands and decelerate the increasing spread of the antimicrobial resistance. The growing need for antibiotic free products has challenged producers to decrease or completely stop using antimicrobials as feed supplements in broiler diet to improve feed efficiency, growth rate, and intestinal health. Natural feed additives (e.g., probiotics and phytobiotics) are promising alternatives to substitute antimicrobial growth promoters. The goal of our study was to characterize the effects of a Probiotic and an Essential Oils blend on broilers' performance and perform a time-series analysis to describe their excreta microbiome. A total of 320 Cobb 500 (1-day-old) chicks were raised for 21 d in 32 randomly allocated cages. Treatments consisted of 4 experimental diets: a basal diet, and a basal diet mixed with an Antibiotic (bacitracin methylene disalicylate), an essential oils blend (oregano oil, rosemary, and red pepper), or a Probiotic (Bacillus subtilis). Body weight (on 1, 10, and 21d), and feed intake (10d and 21d) were recorded and feed conversion ratio was calculated. Droppings were collected daily (1-21d) to characterize broilers' excreta microbiota by targeted sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The Probiotic significantly improved feed conversion ratio for starter phase 1 to 10d (P = 0.03), grower phase 10 to 21d (P = 0.05), and total period 1 to 21d (P = 0.01) compared to the Antibiotic. Feed supplements did not affect alpha diversity but did impact microbial beta diversity (P < 0.01). Age also impacted microbiome turnover as differences in alpha and beta diversity were detected. Furthermore, when compared to the basal diet, the probiotic and antibiotic significantly impacted relative abundance of Bifidobacterium (log2 fold change -1.44, P = 0.03), Intestinimonas (log2 fold change 0.560, P < 0.01) and Ligilactobacillus (log2 fold change -1.600, P < 0.01). Overall, Probiotic supplementation but not essential oils supplementation positively impacted broilers' growth performance by directly causing directional shifts in broilers' excreta microbiota structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fonseca
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sophia Kenney
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Emily Van Syoc
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Stephanie Bierly
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Francisco Dini-Andreote
- One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Plant Science and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Justin Silverman
- One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; College of Information Sciences and Technology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Institute for Computational and Data Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - John Boney
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Erika Ganda
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; One Health Microbiome Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Abbas W, Bi R, Hussain MD, Tajdar A, Guo F, Guo Y, Wang Z. Antibiotic Cocktail Effects on Intestinal Microbial Community, Barrier Function, and Immune Function in Early Broiler Chickens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:413. [PMID: 38786141 PMCID: PMC11117290 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an antibiotic cocktail on intestinal microbial composition, mechanical barrier structure, and immune functions in early broilers. One-day-old healthy male broiler chicks were treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail (ABX; neomycin, ampicillin, metronidazole, vancomycin, and kanamycin, 0.5 g/L each) or not in drinking water for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that ABX treatment significantly reduced relative Firmicutes, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, unclassified Oscillospiraceae, Ruminococcus torques, and unclassified Ruminococcaceae abundance in the cecum and relative Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and Baccillus abundance in the ileum, but significantly increased richness (Chao and ACE indices) and relative Enterococcus abundance in the ileum and cecum along with relatively enriched Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Enterococcus levels in the ileum following ABX treatment for 14 days. ABX treatment for 14 days also significantly decreased intestinal weight and length, along with villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) of the small intestine, and remarkably increased serum LPS, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IgG levels, as well as intestinal mucosa DAO and MPO activity. Moreover, prolonged use of ABX significantly downregulated occludin, ZO-1, and mucin 2 gene expression, along with goblet cell numbers in the ileum. Additionally, chickens given ABX for 14 days had lower acetic acid, butyric acid, and isobutyric acid content in the cecum than the chickens treated with ABX for 7 days and untreated chickens. Spearman correlation analysis found that those decreased potential beneficial bacteria were positively correlated with gut health-related indices, while those increased potential pathogenic strains were positively correlated with gut inflammation and gut injury-related parameters. Taken together, prolonged ABX application increased antibiotic-resistant species abundance, induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, delayed intestinal morphological development, disrupted intestinal barrier function, and perturbed immune response in early chickens. This study provides a reliable lower-bacteria chicken model for further investigation of the function of certain beneficial bacteria in the gut by fecal microbiota transplantation into germ-free or antibiotic-treated chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ruichen Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Muhammad Dilshad Hussain
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Alia Tajdar
- Key Laboratory of Insect Behavior and Harmless Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Fangshen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
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Khan S, McWhorter AR, Andrews DM, Underwood GJ, Moore RJ, Van TTH, Gast RK, Chousalkar KK. A live attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine dose and diluent have minimal effects on the caecal microbiota of layer chickens. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1364731. [PMID: 38686027 PMCID: PMC11057240 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1364731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the Salmonella reduction strategies in poultry production, one option is to use a Salmonella vaccine. The aim of vaccinating layer flocks is to reduce the shedding of wild-type Salmonella in the poultry environment, thereby reducing the contamination of poultry products (eggs and meat). Nutritive diluent and a higher dose of vaccine may enhance its colonization potential in the gut of chickens. In this study, a commercially available live attenuated vaccine (Vaxsafe® ST) was reconstituted in different media and delivered orally to day-old chicks at three different doses (107, 108, and 109 CFU/chick). Gut colonization of the vaccine strain and the effects of vaccination on gut microbiota were assessed in commercial-layer chickens. The vaccine diluent and dosage minimally affected microbiota alpha diversity. Microbiota beta diversity was significantly different (P < 0.05) based on the vaccine diluent and dose, which indicated that the vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens had different gut microbial communities. Differences were noted in the abundance of several genera, including Blautia, Colidextribacter, Dickeya, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, and Sellimonas. The abundance of Colidextribacter was significantly lower in chickens that received vaccine reconstituted in Marek's and water diluents, while Lactobacillus abundance was significantly lower in the water group. The highest vaccine dose (109 CFU/chick) did not significantly alter (P > 0.05) the abundance of microbial genera. Chicken age affected the microbiota composition more significantly than the vaccine dose and diluent. The abundance of Lactobacillus, Blautia, Caproiciproducens, Pediococcus, and Colidextribacter was significantly higher on day 14 compared with day 7 post-vaccination. The Salmonella Typhimurium vaccine load in the caeca was not significantly affected by diluent and vaccine dose; however, it was significantly lower (P < 0.0001) on day 14 compared with day 7 post-vaccination. Overall, the S. Typhimurium vaccine minimally affected the gut microbiota structure of layer chicks, whereas changes in microbiota were more significant with chicken age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiullah Khan
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | - Andrea R. McWhorter
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
| | | | | | - Robert J. Moore
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi Thu Hao Van
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard K. Gast
- U. S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kapil K. Chousalkar
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
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9
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Dunbar A, Drigo B, Djordjevic SP, Donner E, Hoye BJ. Impacts of coprophagic foraging behaviour on the avian gut microbiome. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:582-597. [PMID: 38062990 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Avian gut microbial communities are complex and play a fundamental role in regulating biological functions within an individual. Although it is well established that diet can influence the structure and composition of the gut microbiota, foraging behaviour may also play a critical, yet unexplored role in shaping the composition, dynamics, and adaptive potential of avian gut microbiota. In this review, we examine the potential influence of coprophagic foraging behaviour on the establishment and adaptability of wild avian gut microbiomes. Coprophagy involves the ingestion of faeces, sourced from either self (autocoprophagy), conspecific animals (allocoprophagy), or heterospecific animals. Much like faecal transplant therapy, coprophagy may (i) support the establishment of the gut microbiota of young precocial species, (ii) directly and indirectly provide nutritional and energetic requirements, and (iii) represent a mechanism by which birds can rapidly adapt the microbiota to changing environments and diets. However, in certain contexts, coprophagy may also pose risks to wild birds, and their microbiomes, through increased exposure to chemical pollutants, pathogenic microbes, and antibiotic-resistant microbes, with deleterious effects on host health and performance. Given the potentially far-reaching consequences of coprophagy for avian microbiomes, and the dearth of literature directly investigating these links, we have developed a predictive framework for directing future research to understand better when and why wild birds engage in distinct types of coprophagy, and the consequences of this foraging behaviour. There is a need for comprehensive investigation into the influence of coprophagy on avian gut microbiotas and its effects on host health and performance throughout ontogeny and across a range of environmental perturbations. Future behavioural studies combined with metagenomic approaches are needed to provide insights into the function of this poorly understood behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Dunbar
- Future Industries Institute (FII), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, GPO Box 2471 5095, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Barbara Drigo
- Future Industries Institute (FII), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, GPO Box 2471 5095, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
- Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Ultimo, New South Wales, 2007, Australia
| | - Erica Donner
- Future Industries Institute (FII), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, GPO Box 2471 5095, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Cooperative Research Centre for Solving Antimicrobial Resistance in Agribusiness, Food, and Environments (CRC SAAFE), University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471 5095, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Bethany J Hoye
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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10
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Maurer JJ, Cheng Y, Pedroso A, Thompson KK, Akter S, Kwan T, Morota G, Kinstler S, Porwollik S, McClelland M, Escalante-Semerena JC, Lee MD. Peeling back the many layers of competitive exclusion. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1342887. [PMID: 38591029 PMCID: PMC11000858 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1342887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Baby chicks administered a fecal transplant from adult chickens are resistant to Salmonella colonization by competitive exclusion. A two-pronged approach was used to investigate the mechanism of this process. First, Salmonella response to an exclusive (Salmonella competitive exclusion product, Aviguard®) or permissive microbial community (chicken cecal contents from colonized birds containing 7.85 Log10Salmonella genomes/gram) was assessed ex vivo using a S. typhimurium reporter strain with fluorescent YFP and CFP gene fusions to rrn and hilA operon, respectively. Second, cecal transcriptome analysis was used to assess the cecal communities' response to Salmonella in chickens with low (≤5.85 Log10 genomes/g) or high (≥6.00 Log10 genomes/g) Salmonella colonization. The ex vivo experiment revealed a reduction in Salmonella growth and hilA expression following co-culture with the exclusive community. The exclusive community also repressed Salmonella's SPI-1 virulence genes and LPS modification, while the anti-virulence/inflammatory gene avrA was upregulated. Salmonella transcriptome analysis revealed significant metabolic disparities in Salmonella grown with the two different communities. Propanediol utilization and vitamin B12 synthesis were central to Salmonella metabolism co-cultured with either community, and mutations in propanediol and vitamin B12 metabolism altered Salmonella growth in the exclusive community. There were significant differences in the cecal community's stress response to Salmonella colonization. Cecal community transcripts indicated that antimicrobials were central to the type of stress response detected in the low Salmonella abundance community, suggesting antagonism involved in Salmonella exclusion. This study indicates complex community interactions that modulate Salmonella metabolism and pathogenic behavior and reduce growth through antagonism may be key to exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J. Maurer
- School of Animal Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Adriana Pedroso
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Kasey K. Thompson
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Tiffany Kwan
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Gota Morota
- School of Animal Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Sydney Kinstler
- School of Animal Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Steffen Porwollik
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Michael McClelland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Margie D. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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11
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Guan Y, Zheng W, Bai Y, Wu B. Yupingfeng polysaccharide promote the growth of chickens via regulating gut microbiota. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1337698. [PMID: 38464700 PMCID: PMC10920335 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1337698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Yupingfeng polysaccharide (YPF-P) is the main substance of alcohol deposition in Yupingfeng powder, which has many biological functions such as enhancing immunity, repairing intestinal barrier and enhancing antioxidant ability. This study employed in vitro growth-promoting drug feed additives and animal experiments to comprehensively evaluate the use of YPF-P in broiler production. Methods A total of 1,296 151 days-old Qingyuan Partridge chickens were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates and 54 hens per replicate: the control group was fed basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed diets supplemented with 4 g/kg, 8 g/kg, and 12 g/kg YPF-P for 14 days. Broilers were weighed before and at the end of the experiment to calculate total weight gain (GW), average daily gain (ADG), and feed compensation. At the end of the experiment, six chickens from each group were randomly selected for subwing vein blood sampling, which was used to measure serum biochemical indicators GHRH, GH, and IGF-1 by ELISA method. Randomly select chickens from control group and 8 g/kg group for slaughter, and cecal contents were collected for 16S high-throughput sequencing. Results Dietary supplementation of 8 g/kg YPF-P can significantly increase the final body weight, total weight gain, average daily gain and decrease the feed to gain ratio of chickens. During 151-165 days, serum IGF-1 concentrations increased significantly (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in serum GH concentration (p > 0.05). In terms of gut microbiota, there was no significant difference between control group and test group in Shannon index and Simpson index. Compared with the control group,the addition of 8 g/kgYPF-P significantly increased the abundance of Firmicutes and significantly decreased the abundance of Bacteroides at the phylum level.At the genus level, the relative abundance of unclassified_Oscillospiraceae was significantly increased and the unclassified_Muribaculaceae, uncultured_Bacteroidales_bacterium, Lactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Ligilactobacillus, Prevotellaceae_UCG_001, and unclassified_Atopobiaceae was significantly decreased. Conclusion The above results showed that adding 8 mg/kg of YPF-P could increase the average daily gain of Qingyuan Partridge chickens, reduce the ratio of feed to meat, and affect the distribution proportion of intestinal microflora in chickens to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
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12
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Fernández Miyakawa ME, Casanova NA, Kogut MH. How did antibiotic growth promoters increase growth and feed efficiency in poultry? Poult Sci 2024; 103:103278. [PMID: 38052127 PMCID: PMC10746532 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that reducing the bioenergetic costs of gut inflammation as an explanation for the effect of antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) on animal efficiency, framing some observations but not explaining the increase in growth rate or the prevention of infectious diseases. The host's ability to adapt to alterations in environmental conditions and to maintain health involves managing all physiological interactions that regulate homeostasis. Thus, metabolic pathways are vital in regulating physiological health as the energetic demands of the host guides most biological functions. Mitochondria are not only the metabolic heart of the cell because of their role in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation, but also a central hub of signal transduction pathways that receive messages about the health and nutritional states of cells and tissues. In response, mitochondria direct cellular and tissue physiological alterations throughout the host. The endosymbiotic theory suggests that mitochondria evolved from prokaryotes, emphasizing the idea that these organelles can be affected by some antibiotics. Indeed, therapeutic levels of several antibiotics can be toxic to mitochondria, but subtherapeutic levels may improve mitochondrial function and defense mechanisms by inducing an adaptive response of the cell, resulting in mitokine production which coordinates an array of adaptive responses of the host to the stressor(s). This adaptive stress response is also observed in several bacteria species, suggesting that this protective mechanism has been preserved during evolution. Concordantly, gut microbiome modulation by subinhibitory concentration of AGPs could be the result of direct stimulation rather than inhibition of determined microbial species. In eukaryotes, these adaptive responses of the mitochondria to internal and external environmental conditions, can promote growth rate of the organism as an evolutionary strategy to overcome potential negative conditions. We hypothesize that direct and indirect subtherapeutic AGP regulation of mitochondria functional output can regulate homeostatic control mechanisms in a manner similar to those involved with disease tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Enrique Fernández Miyakawa
- Institute of Pathobiology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina..
| | - Natalia Andrea Casanova
- Institute of Pathobiology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Michael H Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX, USA
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13
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Gast RK, Dittoe DK, Ricke SC. Salmonella in eggs and egg-laying chickens: pathways to effective control. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:39-63. [PMID: 36583653 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2156772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Eggs contaminated with Salmonella have been internationally significant sources of human illness for several decades. Most egg-associated illness has been attributed to Salmonella serovar Enteritidis, but a few other serovars (notably S. Heidelberg and S. Typhimurium) are also sometimes implicated. The edible interior contents of eggs typically become contaminated with S. Enteritidis because the pathogen's unique virulence attributes enable it to colonize reproductive tissues in systemically infected laying hens. Other serovars are more commonly associated with surface contamination of eggshells. Both research and field experience have demonstrated that the most effective overall Salmonella control strategy in commercial laying flocks is the application of multiple interventions throughout the egg production cycle. At the preharvest (egg production) level, intervention options of demonstrated efficacy include vaccination and gastrointestinal colonization control via treatments such as prebiotics, probiotics, and bacteriophages, Effective environmental management of housing systems used for commercial laying flocks is also essential for minimizing opportunities for the introduction, transmission, and persistence of Salmonella in laying flocks. At the postharvest (egg processing and handling) level, careful regulation of egg storage temperatures is critical for limiting Salmonella multiplication inside the interior contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Gast
- U.S. National Poultry Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Dana K Dittoe
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Meat Science and Animal Biologics Discovery Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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14
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Abdelhamid MK, Nekouei O, Hess M, Paudel S. Association Between Escherichia coli Load in the Gut and Body Weight Gain in Broiler Chickens: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Avian Dis 2024; 67:298-304. [PMID: 38300650 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-23-00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the first commensal bacteria to colonize the chicken gut, where it predominates at an early stage of broiler chick life. Escherichia coli can potentially cause colibacillosis in chickens, spreading to extraintestinal systemic organs, which results in high economic losses in poultry industry, as well as a potential risk to public health. Many studies conducted to investigate the effectiveness of natural products as alternatives to antibiotics and to enhance the production performance in broiler chickens have assessed E. coli load in the chicken gut, but it is still unknown how the E. coli count is linked to broiler growth performance. A systematic search of published research articles, including key terms of interest such as broiler chickens, growth performance, and E. coli count, was conducted using two main databases (PubMed and the Web of Science). A random effects metaregression model was built to evaluate the association between E. coli count and weight gain in untreated groups of broilers (negative controls) from eligible studies. Of 2108 articles in the initial screening, 60 were included in the final meta-analysis. After data extraction, records from the ileum and cecum at 21, 35, and 42 days of age were considered for the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that the average E. coli count in both the ileum and cecum at 21 days of age was positively associated with the average weight gain in the studied broiler chickens, while no statistically significant associations were found at 35 and 42 days of age. In conclusion, the positive association between E. coli load and body weight gain in young broiler chickens may be attributed to the relative dominance of E. coli in the gut of this age group when the microbial population is less diverse. The dynamic association between the production performance and the load of E. coli that has dubious pathogenic potential suggests the importance of careful assessment of commensal E. coli to develop strategies to enhance production, particularly in young broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamal Abdelhamid
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria,
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Omid Nekouei
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Surya Paudel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Special Administrative Region, China
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15
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Kim HJ, Kim HS, Yun YS, Shin H, Lee WD, Son J, Hong EC, Jeon IS, Kang HK. Microbiome Changes in Layer Pullets Reared in Floor Pens along the Growth Period. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2302. [PMID: 38137903 PMCID: PMC10745048 DOI: 10.3390/life13122302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract microbiome is essential for regulating nutrient absorption, gut immune function, and host growth and development. In the present study, we characterized the development of ileum and cecum microbiota in pullets throughout the rearing period, encompassing a period from the day of hatching to 18 weeks of age. The growth performance and intestinal microbiome (ileum and cecum) of pullets were analyzed at 1, 5, 11, and 18 weeks of age. The richness of the ileum and cecum bacterial communities (alpha diversity) was higher in pullets at 18 weeks of age than in those at 1 and 5 weeks of age. Microbiota from weeks 1, 5, 11, and 18 were distinctly grouped in a NMDS plot, representing beta diversity within the ileum. However, the results for cecum microbiota did not reveal evident separation among the different age groups in the weighted UniFrac. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate variations and diversification in ileum and cecum microbiota across different rearing stages in pullets. These insights have the potential to inform the development of nutritional strategies that promote gut health and contribute to the improved development of pullets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hwan-Ku Kang
- Poultry Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang 25342, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.K.); (H.-S.K.); (Y.-S.Y.); (W.-D.L.); (I.-S.J.)
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16
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Meng WS, Sui X, Xiao Y, Zou Q, Cui Y, Wang T, Chen Z, Li D. Regulating effects of chlorinated drinking water on cecal microbiota of broiler chicks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103140. [PMID: 37844529 PMCID: PMC10585633 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, 2 types of drinking water were provided to broiler chicks to evaluate the relationship between the bacterial load of drinking water and cecal microbiota. One type of drinking water was untreated, while the other type was daily treated with sodium dichlorocyanurate (50 mg/L). A total of 240 broiler chicks were divided into 2 groups based on their initial body weight. There were 6 replicates in each group, and each replicate cage contained 20 birds. Each cage was assigned to a different floor of the battery cage. On the final day, water samples were collected from each replicate cage at the opening of the drinking cup height, and one bird was selected from each replicate cage to obtain cecal content samples for measuring microbiota composition using the 16S rRNA technique. We found that drinking water treated with sodium dichlorocyanurate significantly reduced the richness and diversity of microbiota and diminished/disappeared most gram-negative bacteria. Broiler chicks that consumed chlorinated drinking water exhibited changes in the composition of cecal microbiota, with Alistipes serving as the marker species in the cecal content of broiler chicks that consumed untreated water, whereas AF12 served as the marker species in the cecal content of broiler chicks that consumed chlorinated drinking water. Functional prediction using the MetaCyc database and species composition analysis of metabolic pathways showed that changes in 7 metabolic pathways were related to the abundance of Providencia. Therefore, we concluded that chlorinated drinking water reduced the bacterial load in drinking water, thereby altering the cecal microbiota composition and regulating the metabolic activity of broiler chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shuang Meng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Xinxin Sui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Yingying Xiao
- Liaoning Kaiwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Tieliang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Zoonoses, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Zoonoses, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Desheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Zoonoses, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
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17
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Cui Y, Huang P, Duan H, Song S, Gan L, Liu Z, Lin Q, Wang J, Qi G, Guan J. Role of microencapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum in alleviating intestinal inflammatory damage through promoting epithelial proliferation and differentiation in layer chicks. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1287899. [PMID: 38053557 PMCID: PMC10694250 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1287899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The alleviating effects of Lactobacillus plantarum in microencapsulation (LPM) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammatory injury were investigated in layer chicks. A total of 252 healthy Hy-Line Brown layer chicks were randomly divided into six groups. Birds were injected with saline or LPS except for the control, and the diets of birds subjected to LPS were supplemented with nothing, L. plantarum, LPM, and wall material of LPM, respectively. The viable counts of LPM reached 109 CFU/g, and the supplemental levels of L. plantarum, LPM, and WM were 0.02 g (109 CFU), 1.0 g, and 0.98 g, per kilogram feed, respectively. LPS administration caused intestinal damage in layer chicks, evidenced by increased proinflammatory factors accompanied by poor intestinal development and morphology (p < 0.05). LPM/LPS significantly increased body weight, small intestine weight and length, villus height, villus height/crypt depth, and mRNA relative expression of tight junction protein genes (p < 0.05) and performed better than free L. plantarum. These findings could be attributed to the significant increase in viable counts of L. plantarum in the small intestine (p < 0.05), as well as the enhanced levels of Actinobacteriota, Lactobacillaceae, and Lactobacillus in intestinal microbiota (p < 0.05). Such results could further significantly increase goblet and PCNA+ cell percentage (p < 0.05); the mRNA relative expressions of epithelial cell, fast-cycling stem cell, quiescent stem cell, endocrine cell, and Paneth cell; and goblet and proliferative cell marker genes, including E-cadherin, Lgr-5, Bmi-1, ChA, Lysozome, Mucin-2, and PCNA (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA relative expressions of key genes involved in epithelial cell proliferation, namely, c-Myc, Cyclin-1, Wnt-3, Lrp-5, and Olfm-4, exhibited significant upregulation compared with the LPS treatment, as well as the differentiating genes Notch-1 and Hes-1 (p < 0.05). To sum up, microencapsulated L. plantarum supplementation could alleviate intestinal injury in layer chicks induced by LPS by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, which could be attributed to the increase in viable count of L. plantarum in the gut and optimization in intestinal microbial flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoming Cui
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Haitao Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shijia Song
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Gan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiaohan Lin
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinrong Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gunghai Qi
- Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Junjun Guan
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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18
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Arango M, Forga A, Liu J, Zhang G, Gray L, Moore R, Coles M, Atencio A, Trujillo C, Latorre JD, Tellez-Isaias G, Hargis B, Graham D. Characterizing the impact of Enterococcus cecorum infection during late embryogenesis on disease progression, cecal microbiome composition, and early performance in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103059. [PMID: 37717481 PMCID: PMC10507439 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus cecorum (EC) has been associated with septicemia and early mortality in broiler chickens. There is limited research investigating the pathogenicity of EC field strains obtained from affected birds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of in-ovo administration into the amnion with different EC field isolates at d 18 of embryogenesis (DOE18). In Exp 1, 7 EC field isolates alone or in combination (EC1-EC3, EC4-EC5, EC6, and EC7) were selected based on phenotypic characteristics and evaluated at different concentrations (1 × 102, 1 × 104, and 1 × 106 CFU/200 µL/embryo) to assess the impact on early performance and macroscopic lesions. Three isolates (n = 3; EC2, EC5, EC7) were selected for additional evaluation based on the significant (P < 0.05) BWG reduction (d 0-21) compared to the negative control (NC) and the presence of macroscopic lesions observed during posting sessions at d 14 and d 21. An additional isolate associated with enterococcal spondylitis was included in Exp 2 (EC11B). Treatment groups for Exp 2 include: 1) NC, 2) EC2, 3) EC5, 4) EC7, and 5) EC11B (n = 90-120/embryos/group). Groups 2 to 5 were challenged at 1 × 102 CFU/200 µL/embryo by in-ovo injection into the amnion at DOE18. Chicks were placed in battery cages for the duration of the study (21 d), and pen weights were recorded at d 0, d 7, d 14, and d 21 to calculate average BW and BWG. At d 14 and d 21 posthatch, liver, spleen, free thoracic vertebrae (FTV), and femoral head (FH) were aseptically collected to enumerate Enterococcus spp. using Chromagar Orientation as the selective media. Cecal contents were collected at d 21 to evaluate the effect of EC challenge on the cecal microbiome composition. There was a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in BW at d 21, and BWG from d 14 to 21 and d 0 to 21, for EC7 and EC11B. Enterococcus cecorum was recovered from the FTV of all challenged groups at d 14 and d 21. The most representative lesions were pericarditis, hydropericardium, focal heart necrosis, and FH osteomyelitis. However, lesions were not uniform across challenged groups or ages (d 14 and d 21). Alpha diversity of the cecal contents was markedly lower in EC5 and EC11B compared to all treatment groups suggesting that EC exposure during late embryogenesis affect the cecal microbiome up to 21 d posthatch. Additionally, these results highlight the differences in pathogenicity of EC strains isolated from field cases and suggest that hatchery exposure to EC during late embryogenesis is a potential route of introduction into a flock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Arango
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Aaron Forga
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Guolong Zhang
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Latasha Gray
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Randy Moore
- UADA-Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Makenly Coles
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Abdiel Atencio
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Carolina Trujillo
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Juan David Latorre
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Guillermo Tellez-Isaias
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Billy Hargis
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA
| | - Danielle Graham
- Division of Agriculture, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville AR 72701, USA.
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19
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Huang T, Han J, Liu Y, Fei M, Du X, He K, Zhao A. Dynamic distribution of gut microbiota in posthatching chicks and its relationship with average daily gain. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103008. [PMID: 37598556 PMCID: PMC10462888 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The colonization and development of gut microbiota are essential for the health and growth of chicks after hatching. However, the colonization and prevalence of gut microbiota have not been well characterized, and knowledge of which microbes and their relationship with average daily gain in chicks is still limited. This study characterized the dynamic succession of microbiota in the intestinal tract of chicks and investigated its relationship with daily weight gain. A total of 121 fecal samples across 7 time points from d 0 to 10 posthatching were collected from 19 chicks randomly selected from 1,950 chicks. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing examined microbial composition of fecal samples. The observed species index of alpha diversity increased with age, gradually achieving stability at 3 d of age. The microbiota of chicks after hatching was primarily Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (34.49%), and its relative abundance diminishes with age. In contrast, Lactobacillus had a low relative abundance in the first 2 d after hatching and gradually increased with age. Predicted functional capacities found that the microbiota of early-stage posthatching (d 0 and 1 after hatching) was involved in metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and nitrogen metabolism. However, at the later stage posthatching (from d 3-10 after hatching), the intestinal microbial function was involved in carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, cell growth and death, and methane metabolism. It was identified that 47 operational taxonomic units were associated with average daily gain of chicks, 12 of which were annotated with Lactobacillus and significantly positive associated with average daily gain. In addition, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 was significantly negatively associated with average daily gain. Taken together, we characterized the dynamic successions of intestinal microbiota in hatching chicks. The intestinal microbiota of chicks has an impact on the host average daily gain. Our findings should be instrumental in improving local chick production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Jie Han
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Meina Fei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xue Du
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ke He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Ayong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Technology on Green-Eco-Healthy Animal Husbandry of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China.
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20
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Anjum F, Maherchandani S, Gahlot K, Purva M. Clonal diversity and zoonotic potential of MDR Escherichia coli isolated from poultry at different age intervals. Br Poult Sci 2023; 64:650-657. [PMID: 37450277 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2023.2236038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
1. A pool of 480 E. coli isolates of poultry (broilers and ducks) representing different time intervals (0, 10, 20 and 30 days) was selected for ribotyping and used to determine polymorphism of 16-23S ribosomal RNA intergenic space. All the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR).2. Out of these, 10 isolates were tested for MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) among which novel allelic combinations and therefore new sequence types were identified in seven isolates.3. This work showed the changes in E. coli strains structure at farm level and individual bird level in host species raised on organised farms with similar parental lineage and environmental housing. The statistical results showed that the structure of variation is very different by farm, supporting a strong effect of location, which confirms the temporal clustering.4. There were significant differences between E. coli strains in chickens and ducks, indicating host specificity of the E. coli strains.5. Some of the pathogenic E. coli strains found using MLST belonged to ST735, ST2796 and a pandemic clone ST752 of ST10 clonal complex. The results strongly suggested the clonal expansion and establishment of specific MDR clones that have zoonotic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Anjum
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - S Maherchandani
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - K Gahlot
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - M Purva
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
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21
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Ameer A, Cheng Y, Saleem F, Uzma, McKenna A, Richmond A, Gundogdu O, Sloan WT, Javed S, Ijaz UZ. Temporal stability and community assembly mechanisms in healthy broiler cecum. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1197838. [PMID: 37779716 PMCID: PMC10534011 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1197838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an unprecedented advancement in in situ analytical approaches that contribute to the mechanistic understanding of microbial communities by explicitly incorporating ecology and studying their assembly. In this study, we have analyzed the temporal profiles of the healthy broiler cecal microbiome from day 3 to day 35 to recover the stable and varying components of microbial communities. During this period, the broilers were fed three different diets chronologically, and therefore, we have recovered signature microbial species that dominate during each dietary regime. Since broilers were raised in multiple pens, we have also parameterized these as an environmental condition to explore microbial niches and their overlap. All of these analyses were performed in view of different parameters such as body weight (BW-mean), feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and age (days) to link them to a subset of microbes that these parameters have a bearing upon. We found that gut microbial communities exhibited strong and statistically significant specificity for several environmental variables. Through regression models, genera that positively/negatively correlate with the bird's age were identified. Some short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, including Izemoplasmatales, Gastranaerophilales, and Roseburia, have a positive correlation with age. Certain pathogens, such as Escherichia-Shigella, Sporomusa, Campylobacter, and Enterococcus, negatively correlated with the bird's age, which indicated a high disease risk in the initial days. Moreover, the majority of pathways involved in amino acid biosynthesis were also positively correlated with the bird's age. Some probiotic genera associated with improved performance included Oscillospirales; UCG-010, Shuttleworthia, Bifidobacterium, and Butyricicoccaceae; UCG-009. In general, predicted antimicrobial resistance genes (piARGs) contributed at a stable level, but there was a slight increase in abundance when the diet was changed. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies looking at the stability, complexity, and ecology of natural broiler microbiota development in a temporal setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Ameer
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Youqi Cheng
- Water and Environment Research Group, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Farrukh Saleem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Uzma
- Water and Environment Research Group, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Ozan Gundogdu
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - William T. Sloan
- Water and Environment Research Group, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sundus Javed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- Water and Environment Research Group, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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22
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Kogut MH, Fernandez Miyakawa ME. Phenotype Alterations in the Cecal Ecosystem Involved in the Asymptomatic Intestinal Persistence of Paratyphoid Salmonella in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2824. [PMID: 37760224 PMCID: PMC10525526 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal ecosystem involves interactions between the host, gut microbiota, and external environment. To colonize the gut of poultry, Salmonella must surmount barriers levied by the intestine including mucosal innate immune responses and microbiota-mediated niche restrictions. Accordingly, comprehending Salmonella intestinal colonization in poultry requires an understanding of how the pathogen interacts with the intestinal ecosystem. In chickens, the paratyphoid Salmonella have evolved the capacity to survive the initial immune response and persist in the avian ceca for months without triggering clinical signs. The persistence of a Salmonella infection in the avian host involves both host defenses and tolerogenic defense strategies. The initial phase of the Salmonella-gut ecosystem interaction is characteristically an innate pro-inflammatory response that controls bacterial invasion. The second phase is initiated by an expansion of the T regulatory cell population in the cecum of Salmonella-infected chickens accompanied by well-defined shifts in the enteric neuro-immunometabolic pathways that changes the local phenotype from pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory environment. Thus, paratyphoid Salmonella in chickens have evolved a unique survival strategy that minimizes the inflammatory response (disease resistance) during the initial infection and then induces an immunometabolic reprogramming in the cecum that alters the host defense to disease tolerance that provides an environment conducive to drive asymptomatic carriage of the bacterial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Kogut
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Mariano Enrique Fernandez Miyakawa
- Instituto de Patobiología, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología, Nicolas Repetto y Los Reseros S/N, Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
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23
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Grozina AA, Ilina LA, Laptev GY, Yildirim EA, Ponomareva ES, Filippova VA, Tyurina DG, Fisinin VI, Kochish II, Griffin DK, Surai PF, Romanov MN. Probiotics as an alternative to antibiotics in modulating the intestinal microbiota and performance of broiler chickens. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad213. [PMID: 37715326 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Gut bacteria play an important role in poultry nutrition and the immune defense system. Changes in the intestinal microbiome affect the physiological state, metabolism, and innate immunity of poultry. The present study aimed to characterize age-related changes in the gastrointestinal tract microflora in broiler chickens, depending on supplementation of the diet with the in-feed antibiotic Stafac® 110 and a Bacillus subtilis strain-based probiotic. METHODS AND RESULTS In this regard, a comprehensive analysis of the taxonomic structure of the microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chickens was carried out using a molecular genetic technique of the terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and taking into account age dynamics and feeding treatment. A beneficial effect on the microbiological composition and body weight of broilers was observed when using the antibiotic and probiotic in compound feeds. Different bacterial communities were revealed in the duodenum and cecum, and their positive impact on broiler growth was established. The results obtained shed light on the formation of GIT microflora of broiler chickens during the growing period and its changes in response to the use of the antibiotic and the probiotic. CONCLUSIONS We suggest that the implementation of the tested in-feed antibiotic and probiotic can be beneficial in regulating the intestinal microflora microbiological processes in the GIT and improving the feeding efficiency and productivity of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena A Grozina
- Federal Scientific Center "All-Russia Research and Technological Poultry Institute", Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Oblast 141311, Russia
| | - Larisa A Ilina
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State Agrarian University", Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196601, Russia
- BIOTROF LLC, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia
| | - Georgiy Yu Laptev
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State Agrarian University", Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196601, Russia
- BIOTROF LLC, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia
| | - Elena A Yildirim
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State Agrarian University", Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196601, Russia
- BIOTROF LLC, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia
| | | | - Valentina A Filippova
- Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "St. Petersburg State Agrarian University", Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196601, Russia
- BIOTROF LLC, Pushkin, St. Petersburg 196602, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir I Fisinin
- Federal Scientific Center "All-Russia Research and Technological Poultry Institute", Russian Academy of Sciences, Sergiev Posad, Moscow Oblast 141311, Russia
| | - Ivan I Kochish
- K. I. Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Moscow 109472, Russia
| | - Darren K Griffin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter F Surai
- Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol BS4 2RS, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-2103 Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Michael N Romanov
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, United Kingdom
- L. K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Podolsk, Moscow Oblast 142132, Russia
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24
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El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Yang T, Salem HM, Korma SA, Ahmed AE, Mosa WFA, Abd El-Mageed TA, Selim S, Al Jaouni SK, Zaghloul RA, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Ibrahim SA. Avian campylobacteriosis, prevalence, sources, hazards, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, and control measures: a comprehensive review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102786. [PMID: 37454641 PMCID: PMC10371856 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian campylobacteriosis is a vandal infection that poses human health hazards. Campylobacter is usually colonized in the avian gut revealing mild signs in the infected birds, but retail chicken carcasses have high contamination levels of Campylobacter spp. Consequently, the contaminated avian products constitute the main source of human infection with campylobacteriosis and result in severe clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, spasm, and deaths in sensitive cases. Thus, the current review aims to shed light on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler chickens, Campylobacter colonization, bird immunity against Campylobacter, sources of poultry infection, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, human health hazard, and the use of standard antimicrobial technology during the chicken processing of possible control strategies to overcome such problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid F A Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed A Zaghloul
- Department Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluybia, 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Carver Hall, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411-1064
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25
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Liu X, Wang C, Wang Y, Wang C, Sun X, Zhu Y, Yang X, Zhang L, Liu Y. Age-associated changes in the growth development of abdominal fat and their correlations with cecal gut microbiota in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102900. [PMID: 37406441 PMCID: PMC10466292 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Excess abdominal fat is a common phenomenon in broiler chickens. Gut microbiota could regulate lipid metabolism through their effects on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. This study was conducted to investigate the potential relationship between abdominal fat development and cecal microorganism populations. Abdominal fat and cecum contents were collected at 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 d of age. The results showed that abdominal fat weight increased with age. The abdominal fat percentage was higher between 7 and 21 d of age than at 3 d (P < 0.05), and it increased again at 28 to 42 d (P < 0.05). Morphological analysis showed that adipocyte diameter and cross-sectional area (CSA) increased significantly after 14 d of age (P < 0.05). Moreover, gut microbiota analysis indicated that the Chao1 and Shannon indices were higher between 14 and 28 d than at 3 d of age (P < 0.05). Furthermore, LEfse analysis revealed that Faecalibacterium, Anaerotruncus, Anaeroplasma, Subdoligranulum, and Clostridium emerged to become dominant at 14 d. A greater abundance of Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, Dehalobacterium, and Lactobacillus were determined at 28 d when compared with 14 d of age. Parabacteroides, Ochrobactrum, Lactobacillus, Blautia, Alistipes, Dehalobacterium, Odoribacter, and Suuterella were found to be predominant at 42 d. PICRUSt analysis revealed that amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, and terpenoids and polyketides metabolism were elevated at 14 d; the immune and digestive systems were significantly developed at 28 d. In addition, cecum propionic acid and butyric acid contents gradually increased (P < 0.05), while the isobutyric acid contents gradually decreased with advancing age (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis among SCFAs, differential genera and abdominal fat suggested that Coprobacillus, Shigella, and Butyricicoccus had negative correlations with propionic acid, butyric acid, and abdominal fat weight, but positive correlations with isobutyric acid. Isobutyric acid was identified as being negatively associated with abdominal fat weight, while the reverse was found for propionic acid and butyric acid. In conclusion, abdominal fat development is correlated with the emergence of specific microbes and d 14 may be a pivotal age for establishing this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chenxu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chaohui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xi Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yufei Zhu
- Shanxi Dayu Biological Functions Co., Ltd., Yuncheng, Shanxi, China; DAYU Bioengineering (Xi'an) Industrial Development Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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26
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Such N, Schermann K, Pál L, Menyhárt L, Farkas V, Csitári G, Kiss B, Tewelde KG, Dublecz K. The Hatching Time of Broiler Chickens Modifies Not Only the Production Traits but Also the Early Bacteriota Development of the Ceca. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2712. [PMID: 37684976 PMCID: PMC10487082 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This trial was carried out to find out the effects of the parent flock and hatching time of broiler chickens on the production traits and bacteriota development of animals. Two sets of 730 hatching eggs were collected from two different parent flocks with ages of 25 and 50 weeks. In the hatchery, both groups were divided into two subgroups: those hatched during the first 10 and the subsequent 10 h of the hatching window. A feeding trial was carried out afterwards, using the four treatments in six replicate floor pens and feeding commercial starter, grower, and finisher diets that contained all the nutrients according to the breeder's recommendations. The day-old chickens of the older parent flock and those hatched later were heavier, and this advantage remained until the end of the production period. The different ages and origins of the parent flocks failed to modify the microbiological parameters of the chicken's ceca; however, the hatching time significantly influenced the different bacteriota diversity indices: the late-hatched chickens showed higher Bacteroidetes and lower Firmicutes and Actinobacteria abundances at day 11. These treatments resulted in differences in the main families, Ruminococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Bacteroidaceae. These differences could not be found at day 39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Such
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák Ferenc Street 16, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (N.S.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (B.K.); (K.G.T.)
| | - Kornél Schermann
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák Ferenc Street 16, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (N.S.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (B.K.); (K.G.T.)
| | - László Pál
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák Ferenc Street 16, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (N.S.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (B.K.); (K.G.T.)
| | - László Menyhárt
- Institute of Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák Ferenc Street 16, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary;
| | - Valéria Farkas
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák Ferenc Street 16, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (N.S.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (B.K.); (K.G.T.)
| | - Gábor Csitári
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák Ferenc Street 16, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (N.S.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (B.K.); (K.G.T.)
| | - Brigitta Kiss
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák Ferenc Street 16, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (N.S.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (B.K.); (K.G.T.)
| | - Kesete Goitom Tewelde
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák Ferenc Street 16, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (N.S.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (B.K.); (K.G.T.)
| | - Károly Dublecz
- Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Georgikon Campus, Deák Ferenc Street 16, 8360 Keszthely, Hungary; (N.S.); (K.S.); (L.P.); (V.F.); (G.C.); (B.K.); (K.G.T.)
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27
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Muyyarikkandy MS, Parzygnat J, Thakur S. Uncovering changes in microbiome profiles across commercial and backyard poultry farming systems. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0168223. [PMID: 37607066 PMCID: PMC10580917 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01682-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome profiles of poultry production systems significantly impact bird health, welfare, and the environment. This study investigated the influence of broiler-rearing systems on the microbiome composition of commercial and backyard chicken farms and their environment over time. Understanding these effects is vital for optimizing animal growth, enhancing welfare, and addressing human and environmental health implications. We collected and analyzed various samples from commercial and backyard farms, revealing significant differences in microbial diversity measurements between the two systems. Backyard farms exhibited higher alpha diversity measurements in soil and water samples, while commercial farms showed higher values for litter and feeder samples. The differences in microbial diversity were also reflected in the relative abundance of various microbial taxa. In backyard farms, Proteobacteria levels increased over time, while Firmicutes levels decreased. Campilobacterota, including the major poultry foodborne pathogen Campylobacter, increased over time in commercial farm environments. Furthermore, Bacteroides, associated with improved growth performance in chickens, were more abundant in backyard farms. Conversely, pathogenic Acinetobacter was significantly higher in backyard chicken fecal and feeder swab samples. The presence of Brevibacterium and Brachybacterium, associated with low-performing broiler flocks, was significantly higher in commercial farm samples. The observed differences in microbial composition and diversity suggest that farm management practices and environmental conditions significantly affect poultry health and welfare and have potential implications for human and environmental health. Understanding these relationships can inform targeted interventions to optimize poultry production, improve animal welfare, and mitigate foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance risks. IMPORTANCE The microbiome of poultry production systems has garnered significant attention due to its implications on bird health, welfare, and overall performance. The present study investigates the impact of different broiler-rearing systems, namely, commercial (conventional) and backyard (non-conventional), on the microbiome profiles of chickens and their environment over time. Understanding the influence of these systems on microbiome composition is a critical aspect of the One-Health concept, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of animal, human, and environmental health. Our findings demonstrate that the type of broiler production system significantly affects both the birds and their environment, with distinct microbial communities associated with each system. This study reveals the presence of specific microbial taxa that differ in abundance between commercial and backyard poultry farms, providing valuable insights into the management practices that may alter the microbiome in these settings. Furthermore, the dynamic changes in microbial composition over time observed in our study highlight the complex interplay between the poultry gut microbiome, environmental factors, and production systems. By identifying the key microbial players and their fluctuations in commercial and backyard broiler production systems, this research offers a foundation for developing targeted strategies to optimize bird health and welfare while minimizing the potential risks to human and environmental health. The results contribute to a growing body of knowledge in the field of poultry microbiome research and have the potential to guide future improvements in poultry production practices that promote a sustainable and healthy balance between the birds, their environment, and the microbial communities they host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Parzygnat
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Franco L, Boulianne M, Parent E, Barjesteh N, Costa MC. Colonization of the Gastrointestinal Tract of Chicks with Different Bacterial Microbiota Profiles. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2633. [PMID: 37627423 PMCID: PMC10451890 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the consequences of early-life microbiota transplantation using different caecal content sources in broiler chicks. We hypothesized that chicks receiving at-hatch microbiota from organic hens would harbour a distinct microbiota from chicks receiving industry-raised broiler microbiota after six weeks of age. Three hundred Cobb broilers eggs were randomly assigned to one of four groups according to the caecal content received: organic laying hens (Organic); autoclaved caecal content of organic laying hens (Autoclaved); conventionally grown broilers (Conventional); and sterile saline (Control). caecal microbiota transplantation was given by gavage on day 1. Ten birds/group were euthanized on days 2, 7, 14, 28, and 42. The caecal tonsils and contents were collected for cytokines and microbiota analyses. The microbiota from chicks receiving live inocula resembled the donors' microbiota from day seven until day 42. The microbiota composition from the chickens who received the Organic inoculum remained markedly different. Starting on day 7, the Organic group had higher richness. Simpson and Shannon's indices were higher in the Conventional group on days 2 and 7. Chickens in the Conventional group presented higher production of IL-1β and IL-6 in plasma on days 2 and 28, increased IL-6 expression in the caecal tonsils at days 7 and 42, and increased IL-12 expression on day 7. However, the Conventional group was infected with Eimeria spp., which likely caused inflammation. In conclusion, microbiota transplantation using different microbiota profiles persistently colonized newly hatched broiler chicks. Future studies evaluating the importance of microbiota composition during infections with common enteropathogens are necessary. This study also highlights the need for a strict screening protocol for pathogens in the donors' intestinal content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Franco
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Martine Boulianne
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Eric Parent
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada; (M.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Neda Barjesteh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
- Global Companion Animal Therapeutics, Zoetis, Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
| | - Marcio C. Costa
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
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Novoa Rama E, Bailey M, Kumar S, Leone C, den Bakker HC, Thippareddi H, Singh M. Characterizing the gut microbiome of broilers raised under conventional and no antibiotics ever practices. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102832. [PMID: 37343348 PMCID: PMC10404755 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat from broilers raised without the use of antibiotics is becoming increasingly popular among consumers. Consequently, interest in the microbial profiling of chickens produced under nonconventional practices is growing, however, research on this topic is lacking. The current study was designed to characterize the dynamics of gut microbial populations of broilers raised under conventional and no antibiotics ever (NAE) practices. Four commercial farms (2 conventional and 2 NAE) were included in this study. On each farm, cecal (n = 224) and ileal (n = 224) contents were collected from birds at different stages during the grow out of a single flock and following transportation to the processing facility. Cecal microbiota was dominated by the genera Escherichia and Enterococcus upon hatching in both conventional and NAE flocks, shifting with time toward predominantly Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides. The composition of cecal microbial communities of NAE broilers was different than that of conventional chickens (P ≤ 0.05). Conventional broilers harbored a rich, but less diverse cecal microbiota than NAE, while the ileal microbiota was primarily populated with genera previously named Lactobacillus, which exhibited a higher abundance in NAE broilers (P ≤ 0.05). In both production systems, the microbiota followed a similar temporal succession that was more evident in the ceca. Transportation to the processing plant impacted the microbial composition of the ileum (P ≤ 0.05), characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of Psychrobacter. Finally, differential abundance analysis showed a positive correlation between Campylobacter and Enorma within the cecum microbiota, and a negative correlation with Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Novoa Rama
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Matthew Bailey
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Cortney Leone
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Henk C den Bakker
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Center for Food Safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Griffin, GA, USA.
| | | | - Manpreet Singh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Meng WS, Zou Q, Xiao Y, Ma W, Zhang J, Wang T, Li D. Growth performance and cecal microbiota of broiler chicks as affected by drinking water disinfection and/or herbal extract blend supplementation. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102707. [PMID: 37216884 PMCID: PMC10209021 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental exposures during early life are important for animals' intestinal microbiota composition and their production performance. This experiment investigated the growth performance, hematology parameters, jejunal morphology, and cecal microbiota of broiler chicks as affected by exogenous factors from the aspects of drinking water quality and dietary manipulation. A total of 480-day-old broiler chicks (Arbor acre; 41.59 ± 0.88 g) were randomly assigned into 4 groups (CON, HWGM, CA, CAHWGM). Each group had 6 replicates with 20 birds per replicate. Broiler chicks in CON group were fed with basal diet and drank normal drinking water; in HWGM group were fed with basal diet supplemented with 1.5g/kg herbal extract blend (hops, grape seed, and wheat germ) and drank normal drinking water; in CA group were fed with basal diet and drank sodium dichlorocyanurate (50 mg/L) treated-drinking water; in CAHWGM group were fed with basal diet supplemented with 1.5 g/kg herbal extract blend and drank chlorinated drinking water. The experimental period was 42 d. We found that broiler chicks drank chlorinated drinking water led to an increase in body weight gain and feed efficiency during d 22 to 42 and 1 to 42, as well as a decrease in cecal Dysgonomonas and Providencia abundance. Dietary supplementation of herbal extract blend increased cecal Lactobacillus and Enterococcus abundance, whereas decreased Dysgonomonas abundance. Moreover, we observed that cecal Dysgonomonas abundance synergistically decreased by treating drinking water with sodium dichlorocyanurate and supplementing herbal extract blend to the diet. Therefore, results obtained in this study indicated that providing chlorinated drinking water is an effective strategy to improve the growth performance of broiler chicks by regulating intestinal microbiota. Additionally, dietary supplementation of herbal extract blend alone or combined with chlorinated drinking water is able to regulate cecal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shuang Meng
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Qiangqiang Zou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Yingying Xiao
- Liaoning Kaiwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Wei Ma
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Tieliang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Liaoning Kaiwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinzhou 121000, China
| | - Desheng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Jinzhou Zhongke Gene Detection Service Co., Ltd., Jinzhou 121219, China.
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Marcato F, Rebel JMJ, Kar SK, Wouters IM, Schokker D, Bossers A, Harders F, van Riel JW, Wolthuis-Fillerup M, de Jong IC. Host genotype affects endotoxin release in excreta of broilers at slaughter age. Front Genet 2023; 14:1202135. [PMID: 37359374 PMCID: PMC10285083 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1202135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Host genotype, early post-hatch feeding, and pre- and probiotics are factors known to modulate the gut microbiome. However, there is a knowledge gap on the effect of both chicken genotype and these dietary strategies and their interplay on fecal microbiome composition and diversity, which, in turn, can affect the release of endotoxins in the excreta of broilers. Endotoxins are a major concern as they can be harmful to both animal and human health. The main goal of the current study was to investigate whether it was possible to modulate the fecal microbiome, thereby reducing endotoxin concentrations in the excreta of broiler chickens. An experiment was carried out with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement including the following three factors: 1) genetic strain (fast-growing Ross 308 vs. slower growing Hubbard JA757); 2) no vs. combined use of probiotics and prebiotics in the diet and drinking water; and 3) early feeding at the hatchery vs. non-early feeding. A total of 624 Ross 308 and 624 Hubbard JA757 day-old male broiler chickens were included until d 37 and d 51 of age, respectively. Broilers (N = 26 chicks/pen) were housed in a total of 48 pens, and there were six replicate pens/treatment groups. Pooled cloacal swabs (N = 10 chickens/pen) for microbiome and endotoxin analyses were collected at a target body weight (BW) of 200 g, 1 kg, and 2.5 kg. Endotoxin concentration significantly increased with age (p = 0.01). At a target BW of 2.5 kg, Ross 308 chickens produced a considerably higher amount of endotoxins (Δ = 552.5 EU/mL) than the Hubbard JA757 chickens (p < 0.01). A significant difference in the Shannon index was observed for the interaction between the use of prebiotics and probiotics, and host genotype (p = 0.02), where Ross 308 chickens with pre-/probiotics had lower diversity than Hubbard JA757 chickens with pre-/probiotics. Early feeding did not affect both the fecal microbiome and endotoxin release. Overall, the results suggest that the chicken genetic strain may be an important factor to take into account regarding fecal endotoxin release, although this needs to be further investigated under commercial conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Marcato
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - J M J Rebel
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - S K Kar
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - I M Wouters
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - D Schokker
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - A Bossers
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - F Harders
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - J W van Riel
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - M Wolthuis-Fillerup
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - I C de Jong
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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32
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Marcolla CS, Ju T, Willing BP. Cecal Microbiota Development and Physiological Responses of Broilers Following Early Life Microbial Inoculation Using Different Delivery Methods and Microbial Sources. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0027123. [PMID: 37098952 PMCID: PMC10231219 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00271-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Broilers in intensive systems may lack commensal microbes that have coevolved with chickens in nature. This study evaluated the effects of microbial inocula and delivery methods applied to day-old chicks on the development of the cecal microbiota. Specifically, chicks were inoculated with cecal contents or microbial cultures, and the efficacies of three delivery methods (oral gavage, spraying inoculum into the bedding, and cohousing) were evaluated. Also, a competitive study evaluated the colonization ability of bacteria sourced from extensive or intensive poultry production systems. The microbiota of inoculated birds presented higher phylogenetic diversity values (PD) and higher relative abundance values of Bacteroidetes, compared with a control. Additionally, a reduction in the ileal villus height/crypt depth ratio and increased cecal IL-6, IL-10, propionate, and valerate concentrations were observed in birds that were inoculated with cecal contents. Across the experiments, the chicks in the control groups presented higher relative abundance values of Escherichia/Shigella than did the inoculated birds. Specific microbes from intensively or extensively raised chickens were able to colonize the ceca, and inocula from intensive production systems promoted higher relative abundance values of Escherichia/Shigella. We concluded that Alistipes, Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Mediterranea, Parabacteroides, Megamonas, and Phascolarctobacterium are effective colonizers of the broiler ceca. In addition, oral gavage, spray, and cohousing can be used as delivery methods for microbial transplantation, as indicated by their effects on the cecal microbiota, intestinal morphology, short-chain fatty acids concentration, and cytokine/chemokine levels. These findings will guide future research on the development of next-generation probiotics that are able to colonize and persist in the chicken intestinal tract after a single exposure. IMPORTANCE The strict biosecurity procedures employed in the poultry industry may inadvertently hinder the transmission of beneficial commensal bacteria that chickens would encounter in natural environments. This research aims at identifying bacteria that can colonize and persist in the chicken gut after a single exposure. We evaluated different microbial inocula that were obtained from healthy adult chicken donors as well as three delivery methods for their effects on microbiota composition and bird physiology. In addition, we conducted a competitive assay to test the colonization abilities of bacteria sourced from intensively versus extensively raised chickens. Our results indicated that some bacteria are consistently increased in birds that are exposed to microbial inoculations. These bacteria can be isolated and employed in future research on the development of next-generation probiotics that contain species that are highly adapted to the chicken gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila S. Marcolla
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tingting Ju
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
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Nakandalage R, Guan LL, Malmuthuge N. Microbial Interventions to Improve Neonatal Gut Health. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1328. [PMID: 37317302 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse pioneer microbial community colonizing the mammalian gastrointestinal tract is critical for the developing immune system. Gut microbial communities of neonates can be affected by various internal and external factors, resulting in microbial dysbiosis. Microbial dysbiosis during early life affects gut homeostasis by changing metabolic, physiological, and immunological status, which increases susceptibility to neonatal infections and long-term pathologies. Early life is crucial for the establishment of microbiota and the development of the host immune system. Therefore, it provides a window of opportunity to reverse microbial dysbiosis with a positive impact on host health. Recent attempts to use microbial interventions during early life have successfully reversed dysbiotic gut microbial communities in neonates. However, interventions with persistent effects on microbiota and host health are still limited. This review will critically discuss microbial interventions, modulatory mechanisms, their limitations, and gaps in knowledge to understand their roles in improving neonatal gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranga Nakandalage
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Nilusha Malmuthuge
- Lethbridge Research and Development Center, Agriculture Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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Feng Y, Zhang M, Liu Y, Yang X, Wei F, Jin X, Liu D, Guo Y, Hu Y. Quantitative microbiome profiling reveals the developmental trajectory of the chicken gut microbiota and its connection to host metabolism. IMETA 2023; 2:e105. [PMID: 38868437 PMCID: PMC10989779 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Revealing the assembly and succession of the chicken gut microbiota is critical for a better understanding of its role in chicken physiology and metabolism. However, few studies have examined dynamic changes of absolute chicken gut microbes using the quantitative microbiome profiling (QMP) method. Here, we revealed the developmental trajectory of the broiler chicken gut bacteriome and mycobiome by combining high-throughput sequencing with a microbial load quantification assay. We showed that chicken gut microbiota abundance and diversity reached a plateau at 7 days posthatch (DPH), forming segment-specific community types after 1 DPH. The bacteriome was more impacted by deterministic processes, and the mycobiome was more affected by stochastic processes. We also observed stage-specific microbes in different gut segments, and three microbial occurrence patterns including "colonization," "disappearance," and "core" were defined. The microbial co-occurrence networks were very different among gut segments, with more positive associations than negative associations. Furthermore, we provided links between the absolute changes in chicken gut microbiota and their serum metabolite variations. Time-course untargeted metabolomics revealed six metabolite clusters with different changing patterns of abundance. The foregut microbiota had more connections with chicken serum metabolites, and the gut microbes were closely related to chicken lipid and amino acid metabolism. The present study provided a full landscape of chicken gut microbiota development in a quantitative manner, and the associations between gut microbes and chicken serum metabolites further highlight the impact of gut microbiota in chicken growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Meihong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fuxiao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaolu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yongfei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Dallas JW, Warne RW. Captivity and Animal Microbiomes: Potential Roles of Microbiota for Influencing Animal Conservation. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2023; 85:820-838. [PMID: 35316343 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-022-01991-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
During the ongoing biodiversity crisis, captive conservation and breeding programs offer a refuge for species to persist and provide source populations for reintroduction efforts. Unfortunately, captive animals are at a higher disease risk and reintroduction efforts remain largely unsuccessful. One potential factor in these outcomes is the host microbiota which includes a large diversity and abundance of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that play an essential role in host physiology. Relative to wild populations, the generalized pattern of gut and skin microbiomes in captivity are reduced alpha diversity and they exhibit a significant shift in community composition and/or structure which often correlates with various physiological maladies. Many conditions of captivity (antibiotic exposure, altered diet composition, homogenous environment, increased stress, and altered intraspecific interactions) likely lead to changes in the host-associated microbiome. To minimize the problems arising from captivity, efforts can be taken to manipulate microbial diversity and composition to be comparable with wild populations through methods such as increasing dietary diversity, exposure to natural environmental reservoirs, or probiotics. For individuals destined for reintroduction, these strategies can prime the microbiota to buffer against novel pathogens and changes in diet and improve reintroduction success. The microbiome is a critical component of animal physiology and its role in species conservation should be expanded and included in the repertoire of future management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason W Dallas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
| | - Robin W Warne
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Illinois University, 1125 Lincoln Drive, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
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Li Z, Zhang B, Zhu W, Lin Y, Chen J, Zhu F, Guo Y. Effects of nonantibiotic growth promoter combinations on growth performance, nutrient utilization, digestive enzymes, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora of broilers. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279950. [PMID: 36996144 PMCID: PMC10062635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the ban on antibiotic growth promoters, the effects of nonantibiotic alternative growth promoter combinations (NAGPCs) on the growth performance, nutrient utilization, digestive enzyme activity, intestinal morphology, and cecal microflora of broilers were evaluated. All birds were fed pellets of two basal diets-starter (0-21 d) and grower (22-42 d)-with either enramycin (ENR) or NAGPC supplemented. 1) control + ENR; 2) control diet (CON, basal diet); 3) control + mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) + mannanase (MAN) + sodium butyrate (SB) (MMS); 4) control + MOS + MAN + Bacillus subtilis (BS) (MMB); 5) control + MOS + fruit oligosaccharide (FOS) + SB (MFS); 6) control + FOS + BS (MFB); 7) control + MOS + FOS + MAN (MFM); 8) control + MOS + BS + phytase (PT) (MBP). ENR, MOS, FOS, SB, MAN, PT, and BS were added at 100, 2,000, 9,000, 1,500, 300, 37, and 500 mg/kg, respectively. The experiment used a completely random block design with six replicates per group: 2400 Ross 308 broilers in the starter phase and 768 in the grower phase. All NAGPCs significantly improved body weight gain (P < 0.01), utilization of dry matter, organic matter, and crude protein (P < 0.05), villus height and villus height/crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum (P < 0.01), and decreased the feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) at d 21 and 42. MMS, MMB, MFB, and MFM duodenum trypsin, lipase, and amylase activities increased significantly (P < 0.05) at d 21 and 42. On d 21 and 42, MMS, MMB, and MBP increased the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroides whereas MMB, MFB, and MBP decreased the abundance of Proteobacteria, compared to ENR and CON. Overall, the NAGPCs were found to have some beneficial effects and may be used as effective antibiotic replacements in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunyan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Qingdao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Research Institute, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingting Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Chen
- Rongcheng Lidao Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Rongcheng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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Al Hakeem WG, Acevedo Villanueva KY, Selvaraj RK. The Development of Gut Microbiota and Its Changes Following C. jejuni Infection in Broilers. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030595. [PMID: 36992178 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut is home to more than millions of bacterial species. The gut bacteria coexist with the host in a symbiotic relationship that can influence the host’s metabolism, nutrition, and physiology and even module various immune functions. The commensal gut microbiota plays a crucial role in shaping the immune response and provides a continuous stimulus to maintain an activated immune system. The recent advancements in high throughput omics technologies have improved our understanding of the role of commensal bacteria in developing the immune system in chickens. Chicken meat continues to be one of the most consumed sources of protein worldwide, with the demand expected to increase significantly by the year 2050. Yet, chickens are a significant reservoir for human foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni. Understanding the interaction between the commensal bacteria and C. jejuni is essential in developing novel technologies to decrease C. jejuni load in broilers. This review aims to provide current knowledge of gut microbiota development and its interaction with the immune system in broilers. Additionally, the effect of C. jejuni infection on the gut microbiota is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Ghazi Al Hakeem
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Keila Y Acevedo Villanueva
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ramesh K Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Adeola AC, Bello SF, Abdussamad AM, Mark AI, Sanke OJ, Onoja AB, Nneji LM, Abdullahi N, Olaogun SC, Rogo LD, Mangbon GF, Pedro SL, Hiinan MP, Mukhtar MM, Ibrahim J, Saidu H, Dawuda PM, Bala RK, Abdullahi HL, Salako AE, Kdidi S, Yahyaoui MH, Yin TT. Scrapie-associated polymorphisms of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in Nigerian native goats. Gene X 2023; 855:147121. [PMID: 36535463 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrapie is a fatal prion protein disease stiffly associated with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of the prion protein gene (PRNP). The prevalence of this deadly disease has been reported in small ruminants, including goats. The Nigerian goats are hardy, trypano-tolerant, and contribute to the protein intake of the increasing population. Although scrapie has been reported in Nigerian goats, there is no study on the polymorphism of the PRNP gene. Herein, we evaluated the genetic and allele distributions of PRNP polymorphism in 132 Nigerian goats and compared them with publicly available studies on scrapie-affected goats. We utilized Polyphen-2, PROVEAN and AMYCO programs to examine structural variations produced by the non-synonymous SNPs. Our study revealed 29 SNPs in Nigerian goats, of which 14 were non-synonymous, and 23 were novel. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in the allele frequencies of PRNP codons 139, 146, 154 and 193 in Nigerian goats compared with scrapie-affected goats, except for Northern Italian goats at codon 154. Based on the prediction by Polyphen-2, R139S and N146S were 'benign', R154H was 'probably damaging', and T193I was 'possibly damaging'. In contrast, PROVEAN predicted 'neutral' for all non-synonymous SNPs, while AMYCO showed a similar amyloid propensity of PRNP for resistant haplotype and two haplotypes of Nigerian goats. Our study is the first to investigate the polymorphism of scrapie-related genes in Nigerian goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeniyi C Adeola
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China; Centre for Biotechnology Research, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Semiu F Bello
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Abdussamad M Abdussamad
- Centre for Biotechnology Research, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Akanbi I Mark
- Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Secretariat, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Oscar J Sanke
- Taraba State Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jalingo, Nigeria
| | - Anyebe B Onoja
- Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Lotanna M Nneji
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, United States
| | - Nasiru Abdullahi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Sunday C Olaogun
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Lawal D Rogo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Manasseh P Hiinan
- Small Ruminant Section, Solomon Kesinton Agro-Allied Limited Iperu-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Muhammad M Mukhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Jebi Ibrahim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture Makurdi, Makurdi, Nigeria
| | - Hayatu Saidu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Philip M Dawuda
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Lesotho, South Africa
| | - Rukayya K Bala
- Centre for Biotechnology Research, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Hadiza L Abdullahi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale E Salako
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Samia Kdidi
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Institut des Régions Arides, Université de Gabes, Route El Djorf, Km 22.5, Medenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Habib Yahyaoui
- Livestock and Wildlife Laboratory, Institut des Régions Arides, Université de Gabes, Route El Djorf, Km 22.5, Medenine 4119, Tunisia
| | - Ting-Ting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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Pietruska A, Bortoluzzi C, Hauck R. A meta-analysis of the effect of Eimeria spp. and/or Clostridium perfringens infection on the microbiota of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102652. [PMID: 37019075 PMCID: PMC10106964 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis in chickens is caused by Eimeria spp. The infection provides a growth advantage to Clostridium perfringens (CP), frequently leading to necrotic enteritis. One approach to alleviate the negative impacts of the diseases is to improve the bacterial composition in chickens, and many experiments investigating chicken enteric health in recent years include the characterization of the bacterial microbiota. This meta-analysis synthesized the data of studies investigating the intestinal microbiota after infection with coccidia and/or CP to provide a basis for future research. Inclusion criteria were that experiments contained a group infected with one or both pathogens and an uninfected control group, the use of 16SrRNA Illumina sequencing and the availability of raw data. A total of 17 studies could be included. Meta-analyses of 3 different data sets were performed: 1 on data of 9 experiments on chickens infected with coccidia only; the second on data of 4 studies on chickens infected with CP only; the third on raw data of 8 experiments with chickens infected with coccidia and CP. The meta-analysis of relative abundance and alpha diversity of the data sets was performed in R using the SIAMCAT and metafor packages. The number of families of interest identified by the analyses of experiments with infection with coccidia only, CP only and the combined infection were 23, 2, and 29, respectively. There was an overlap of 13 families identified by analyses of experiments with infection with coccidia only and of experiments with the combined infections. Machine learning was not able to find a model to predict changes of the microbiota in either 1 of the 3 analyses. Meta-analyses of functional profiles showed a more uniform reaction to the infections with the relative abundance of many pathways significantly altered. Alpha diversity was not affected by infection with either pathogen or the combination. In conclusion, the heterogeneity of these microbiota studies makes recognizing common trends difficult, although it seems that coccidia infection affects the microbiota more than an infection with CP. Future studies should focus on the bacterial functions that are changed due to these infections using metagenome techniques.
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Bogomolnaya L, Talamantes M, Rocha J, Nagarajan A, Zhu W, Spiga L, Winter MG, Konganti K, Adams LG, Winter S, Andrews-Polymenis H. Taxonomic and Metagenomic Analyses Define the Development of the Microbiota in the Chick. mBio 2023; 14:e0244422. [PMID: 36475774 PMCID: PMC9973254 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02444-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicks are ideal to follow the development of the intestinal microbiota and to understand how a pathogen perturbs this developing population. Taxonomic/metagenomic analyses captured the development of the chick microbiota in unperturbed chicks and in chicks infected with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (STm) during development. Taxonomic analysis suggests that colonization by the chicken microbiota takes place in several waves. The cecal microbiota stabilizes at day 12 posthatch with prominent Gammaproteobacteria and Clostridiales. Introduction of S. Typhimurium at day 4 posthatch disrupted the expected waves of intestinal colonization. Taxonomic and metagenomic shotgun sequencing analyses allowed us to identify species present in uninfected chicks. Untargeted metabolomics suggested different metabolic activities in infected chick microbiota. This analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry on ingesta confirmed that lactic acid in cecal content coincides with the stable presence of enterococci in STm-infected chicks. Unique metabolites, including 2-isopropylmalic acid, an intermediate in the biosynthesis of leucine, were present only in the cecal content of STm-infected chicks. The metagenomic data suggested that the microbiota in STm-infected chicks contained a higher abundance of genes, from STm itself, involved in branched-chain amino acid synthesis. We generated an ilvC deletion mutant (STM3909) encoding ketol-acid-reductoisomerase, a gene required for the production of l-isoleucine and l-valine. ΔilvC mutants are disadvantaged for growth during competitive infection with the wild type. Providing the ilvC gene in trans restored the growth of the ΔilvC mutant. Our integrative approach identified biochemical pathways used by STm to establish a colonization niche in the chick intestine during development. IMPORTANCE Chicks are an ideal model to follow the development of the intestinal microbiota and to understand how a pathogen perturbs this developing population. Using taxonomic and metagenomic analyses, we captured the development of chick microbiota to 19 days posthatch in unperturbed chicks and in chicks infected with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (STm). We show that normal development of the microbiota takes place in waves and is altered in the presence of a pathogen. Metagenomics and metabolomics suggested that branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis is especially important for Salmonella growth in the infected chick intestine. Salmonella mutants unable to make l-isoleucine and l-valine colonize the chick intestine poorly. Restoration of the pathway for biosynthesis of these amino acids restored the colonizing ability of Salmonella. Integration of multiple analyses allowed us to correctly identify biochemical pathways used by Salmonella to establish a niche for colonization in the chick intestine during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Bogomolnaya
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Deparment of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia, USA
| | - Marissa Talamantes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Joana Rocha
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Aravindh Nagarajan
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Wenhan Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Luisella Spiga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria G. Winter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - L. Garry Adams
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sebastian Winter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Helene Andrews-Polymenis
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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A High Dose of Dietary Berberine Improves Gut Wall Morphology, Despite an Expansion of Enterobacteriaceae and a Reduction in Beneficial Microbiota in Broiler Chickens. mSystems 2023; 8:e0123922. [PMID: 36719211 PMCID: PMC9948737 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01239-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytogenic products are embraced as alternatives to antimicrobials, and some are known to mitigate intestinal inflammation and ensure optimal gut health and performance in broiler chickens. Dietary inclusion of berberine, a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid found in plants, is believed to exert gut health-promoting effects through modulation of the gut microbiota; however, there are only a few studies investigating its effects in chickens. The aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between dietary supplementation of a high concentration of berberine, the gastrointestinal microbiota, and histomorphological parameters in the gut. Berberine was shown to increase villus length and decrease crypt depth and CD3+ T-lymphocyte infiltration in the gut tissue of chickens at different ages. Berberine affected the diversity of the gut microbiota from the jejunum to the colon, both at a compositional and functional level, with larger effects observed in the large intestine. A high concentration of berberine enriched members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and depleted members of the Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Peptostreptococcaceae families, as well as tended to reduce butyrate production in the cecum. In vivo results were confirmed by in vitro growth experiments, where increasing concentrations of berberine inhibited the growth of several butyrate-producing strains while not affecting that of Enterobacteriaceae strains. Positive correlations were found between berberine levels in plasma and villus length or villus-to-crypt ratio in the jejunum. Our study showed that berberine supplementation at a high concentration improves chicken gut morphology toward decreased inflammation, which is likely not mediated by the induced gut microbiota shifts. IMPORTANCE Dietary additives are widely used to reduce intestinal inflammation and enteritis, a growing problem in the broiler industry. Berberine, with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity, would be an interesting feed additive in this regard. This study investigates for the first time the impact of berberine supplementation on the chicken gastrointestinal microbiota, as a potential mechanism to improve gut health, together with histological effects in the small intestine. This study identified a dose-effect of berberine on the gut microbiota, indicating the importance of finding an optimal dose to be used as a dietary additive.
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Dunisławska A, Pietrzak E, Bełdowska A, Sławińska A, Siwek M. Response in liver gene expression and DNA methylation
to changes in the intestinal microbial profile
after <i>in ovo</i> stimulation of chickens. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/156098/2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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Pottenger S, Watts A, Wedley A, Jopson S, Darby AC, Wigley P. Timing and delivery route effects of cecal microbiome transplants on Salmonella Typhimurium infections in chickens: potential for in-hatchery delivery of microbial interventions. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:11. [PMID: 36788638 PMCID: PMC9926694 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to microbes early in life has long-lasting effects on microbial community structure and function of the microbiome. However, in commercial poultry settings chicks are reared as a single-age cohort with no exposure to adult birds which can have profound effects on microbiota development and subsequent pathogen challenge. Microbiota manipulation is a proven and promising strategy to help reduce pathogen load and transmission within broiler flocks. However, administration of microbiota transplant products in a hatchery setting may prove challenging. Effective administration strategies are dependent on key factors, such as; the age of chicks receiving interventions and mode of delivery. This study aimed to assess these two aspects to provide supporting evidence towards microbiome manipulation strategies for use in commercial hatcheries. RESULTS Manipulation of the microbiota between 4 and 72 h of hatch markedly reduced faecal shedding and colonisation with the foodborne pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (ST4/74). Administration of transplant material via spray or gel drop delivery systems had minimal effect on the protection conferred with fewer birds in transplant groups shown to shed ST4/74 in the faeces compared to PBS-gavaged control birds. Analysis of the microbiome following transplantation demonstrated that all transplant groups had higher diversity and species richness than non-transplant groups during the first week of life and the early stages of infection with ST47/4.The relative abundance of the bacterium Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was significantly higher in CMT groups compared to PBS controls. The presence of F. prausnitzii was also shown to increase in PBS-challenged birds compared to unchallenged birds potentially indicating a role of this bacterium in limiting Salmonella infections. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that administration of microbiome transplants, using methods that would align with hatchery practices, effectively reduced colonisation and shedding of Salmonella in chickens. Age of chicks at microbiome administration had limited effect on the diversity and composition of the microbiome and conferred protection against Salmonella infections. Traditional hatchery delivery systems, such as spray or gel-drop, are sufficient to transfer donor material, alter the microbiome and confer protection against Salmonella. This study helps highlight the opportunity for use of microbiome modification methods within the hatchery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian Pottenger
- Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Amyleigh Watts
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Amy Wedley
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Sue Jopson
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alistair C. Darby
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Wigley
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Department of Infection Biology and Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK ,grid.5337.20000 0004 1936 7603School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Davies CP, Summers KL, Arfken AM, Darwish N, Chaudhari A, Frey JF, Schreier L, Proszkowiec-Weglarz M. Temporal dynamics of the chicken mycobiome. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1057810. [PMID: 36589448 PMCID: PMC9799259 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1057810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiome is an integral part of chicken health and can affect immunity, nutrient utilization, and performance. The role of bacterial microbiota members in host health is relatively well established, but less attention has been paid to fungal members of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) community. However, human studies indicate that fungi play a critical role in health. Here, we described fungal communities, or mycobiomes, in both the lumen and mucosa of the chicken ileum and cecum from hatch through 14 days of age. We also assessed the effects of delayed access to feed immediately post-hatch (PH) on mycobiome composition, as PH feed delay is commonly associated with poor health performance. Chicken mycobiomes in each of the populations were distinct and changed over time. All mycobiomes were dominated by Gibberella, but Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Sarocladium, Meyerozyma, and Penicillium were also abundant. Relative abundances of some taxa differed significantly over time. In the cecal and ileal lumens, Penicillium was present in extremely low quantities or absent during days one and two and then increased over time. Meyerozyma and Wickerhamomyces also increased over time in luminal sites. In contrast, several highly abundant unclassified fungi decreased after days one and two, highlighting the need for improved understanding of fungal gut biology. Mycobiomes from chicks fed during the first 2 days PH versus those not fed during the first 2 days did not significantly differ, except during days one and two. Similarities observed among mycobiomes of fed and unfed chicks at later timepoints suggest that delays in PH feeding do not have long lasting effects on mycobiome composition. Together, these results provide a foundation for future mycobiome studies, and suggest that negative health and production impacts of delayed feeding are not likely related to the development of fungal populations in the GIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cary Pirone Davies
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Cary Pirone Davies,
| | - Katie Lynn Summers
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Ann M. Arfken
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency Agreement between the U.S., Department of Energy and the USDA, Atlanta, GA, United States,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nadia Darwish
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency Agreement between the U.S., Department of Energy and the USDA, Atlanta, GA, United States,University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AK, United States
| | - Atul Chaudhari
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States,Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education through an interagency Agreement between the U.S., Department of Energy and the USDA, Atlanta, GA, United States,Pharmaceuticals Product Development, Wilmington, NC, United States
| | - Juli Foster Frey
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States,Northeast Area, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Lori Schreier
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD, United States
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England A, Gharib-Naseri K, Kheravii SK, Wu SB. Influence of sex and rearing method on performance and flock uniformity in broilers-implications for research settings. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:276-283. [PMID: 36712408 PMCID: PMC9869427 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Male and female broiler chickens differ in their growth performance, carcass part weights and nutrient requirements. The potential reasons for these differences have been explored by looking at differences in nutrient digestibility, nutrient transporter gene expression as well as gut microbiota populations between male and female birds. Studies have shown that male broilers have higher crude protein requirements compared to female broilers. The expression of monosaccharide and amino acid transporters show conflicting results as expression depends on the interactions between sex and bird age and breed as well as which tissue is sampled. Differences in microbiota populations between the genders were reported which may contribute towards performance differences, however research in this area is limited. The differences observed between the sexes contribute to increased variation in nutrition trials, and the potential to rear birds as equally mixed-sex becomes an option to reduce the variation introduced by the sex effect. Difference in rearing options obviously would only be feasible provided a quick, practical and cost-effective method of sexing birds is available, a topic that is also discussed in this review.
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Mohammadi-Aragh MK, Linhoss JE, Marty CA, Evans JD, Purswell JL, Chaves-Cordoba B, Chesser GD, Lowe JW. Evaluating the Effects of Pine and Miscanthus Biochar on Escherichia coli, Total Aerobic Bacteria, and Bacterial Communities in Commercial Broiler Litter. Avian Dis 2022; 67:1-10. [PMID: 36715465 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-22-00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a commensal bacteria found in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry; however, some strains are pathogenic and can cause a wide range of diseases. In addition, some strains of pathogenic E. coli can survive in the litter between flocks, making litter management critical for reducing E. coli-associated infections. Biochar (BC) is a porous, carbonaceous material that may be a beneficial litter amendment to reduce moisture and microbial loads. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of pine BC, miscanthus BC, and Poultry Litter Treatment (PLT) on E. coli, total aerobic bacteria populations, and bacterial communities when added to used broiler litter. Pine and miscanthus BC were mixed into poultry litter at inclusion rates of 5%, 10%, 20%, 25%, and 30% w/w. PLT was surface applied at a rate of 0.73 kg/m2. Baseline E. coli and aerobics were measured after a 48-hr litter incubation period and just prior to adding litter treatments. Escherichia coli and aerobics were enumerated 2 and 7 days after adding treatments. Overall, pine BC at 30% had the lowest E. coli and aerobic counts (5.98 and 6.44 log 10 colony-forming units [CFU]/g, respectively); however, they were not significantly different from the control (P ≤ 0.05). At day 2, 30% pine BC inclusion rate treatment resulted in a significant reduction in E. coli and aerobic bacteria counts compared to the control. Miscanthus BC application did not result in significant reductions in E. coli or aerobic bacteria at days 2 or 7. PLT had the highest E. coli (7.07 log 10 CFU/g) and aerobic counts (7.21 log 10 CFU/g) overall. Bacterial community analysis revealed that the alpha and beta diversity between pine BC- and PLT-treated litter were significantly different. However, neither BC type significantly impacted bacterial diversity when compared to the control. Differences in E. coli and aerobic counts between BC types may be attributed to variations in feedstock physiochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam K Mohammadi-Aragh
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - John E Linhoss
- Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849,
| | - Christopher A Marty
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | | | | | | | - G Daniel Chesser
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
| | - J Wesley Lowe
- Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762
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de Jong IC, Schokker D, Gunnink H, van Wijhe M, Rebel JMJ. Early life environment affects behavior, welfare, gut microbiome composition, and diversity in broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:977359. [PMID: 36213407 PMCID: PMC9534479 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.977359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify whether early-life conditions in broiler chickens could affect their behavior and welfare, and whether or not this was associated with an altered gut microbiome composition or diversity. Broilers were tested in a 2 x 2 factorial design with hatching conditions [home pen (OH) or at the hatchery (HH)] and enrichment (dark brooder (EE) or no brooder (NE) until 14 days of age) as factors (N = 6 per treatment combination). Microbiota composition was measured in the jejunum on days (d) 7, 14, and 35 and in pooled fecal samples on day 14. A novel environment test (NET) was performed on days 1 and 11, and the behavior was observed on days 6, 13, and 33. On day 35, composite asymmetry was determined and footpad dermatitis and hock burn were scored. In their home pen, HH showed more locomotion than OH (P = 0.05), and NE were sitting more and showed more comfort behavior than EE at all ages (P <0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). On days 6 and 13 NE showed more eating and litter pecking while sitting, but on day 33 the opposite was found (age*enrichment: P = 0.05 and P <0.01, respectively). On days 1 and 11, HH showed more social reinstatement in the NET than OH, and EE showed more social reinstatement than NE (P <0.05). Composite asymmetry scores were lower for EE than NE (P <0.05). EE also had less footpad dermatitis and hock burn than NE (P <0.001). Within OH, NE had a more diverse fecal and jejunal microbiome compared to EE on day 14 (feces: observed richness: P = 0.052; jejunum: observed richness and Shannon: P <0.05); the principal component analysis (PCA) showed differences between NE and EE within both HH and OH in fecal samples on day 14, as well as significant differences in bacterial genera such as Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae (P <0.05). On day 35, PCA in jejunal samples only showed a trend (P = 0.068) for differences between NE vs. EE within the OH. In conclusion, these results suggest that especially the dark brooder affected the behavior and had a positive effect on welfare as well as affected the composition and diversity of the microbiome. Whether or not the behavior was modulated by the microbiome or vice versa remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid C. de Jong
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Ingrid C. de Jong
| | - Dirkjan Schokker
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk Gunnink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Maudia van Wijhe
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Johanna M. J. Rebel
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Wageningen University and Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
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Tous N, Marcos S, Goodarzi Boroojeni F, Pérez de Rozas A, Zentek J, Estonba A, Sandvang D, Gilbert MTP, Esteve-Garcia E, Finn R, Alberdi A, Tarradas J. Novel strategies to improve chicken performance and welfare by unveiling host-microbiota interactions through hologenomics. Front Physiol 2022; 13:884925. [PMID: 36148301 PMCID: PMC9485813 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.884925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast optimisation of farming practices is essential to meet environmental sustainability challenges. Hologenomics, the joint study of the genomic features of animals and the microbial communities associated with them, opens new avenues to obtain in-depth knowledge on how host-microbiota interactions affect animal performance and welfare, and in doing so, improve the quality and sustainability of animal production. Here, we introduce the animal trials conducted with broiler chickens in the H2020 project HoloFood, and our strategy to implement hologenomic analyses in light of the initial results, which despite yielding negligible effects of tested feed additives, provide relevant information to understand how host genomic features, microbiota development dynamics and host-microbiota interactions shape animal welfare and performance. We report the most relevant results, propose hypotheses to explain the observed patterns, and outline how these questions will be addressed through the generation and analysis of animal-microbiota multi-omic data during the HoloFood project.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Tous
- Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Constantí, Spain
| | - Sofia Marcos
- Applied Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Farshad Goodarzi Boroojeni
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Pérez de Rozas
- Animal Health-CReSA, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin (FUB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andone Estonba
- Applied Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Dorthe Sandvang
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Animal Health Innovation, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - M. Thomas P. Gilbert
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Enric Esteve-Garcia
- Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Constantí, Spain
| | - Robert Finn
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Antton Alberdi
- Center for Evolutionary Hologenomics, The GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Antton Alberdi,
| | - Joan Tarradas
- Animal Nutrition, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Constantí, Spain
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Microencapsulated Bacteriophages Incorporated in Feed for Salmonella Control in Broilers. Vet Microbiol 2022; 274:109579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Proszkowiec-Weglarz M, Miska KB, Ellestad LE, Schreier LL, Kahl S, Darwish N, Campos P, Shao J. Delayed access to feed early post-hatch affects the development and maturation of gastrointestinal tract microbiota in broiler chickens. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:206. [PMID: 36002800 PMCID: PMC9404604 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The first two weeks of post-hatch (PH) growth in broilers (meat-type birds) are critical for gut development and microbiota colonization. In the current broiler production system, chicks may not receive feed and water for 24 to 72 h due to variations in hatching time and hatchery management. Post-hatch feed delay affects body weight, feed efficiency, mortality, and gut development. The goal of this study was to investigate changes in the microbiome in broiler chickens early PH and the effect of delayed access to feed on the microbiota. Results Chicks either received feed and water immediately after hatch or access to feed was delayed for 48 h to mimic commercial hatchery settings (treatment, TRT). Both groups were sampled (n = 6) at -48, 0, 4 h, and 1 (24 h), 2 (48 h), 3 (72 h), 4 (96 h), 6 (144 h), 8 (192 h), 10 (240 h), 12 (288 h) and 14 (336 h) days PH. Ileal (IL) and cecal (CE) epithelial scrapings (mucosal bacteria, M) and digesta (luminal bacteria, L) were collected for microbiota analysis. Microbiota was determined by sequencing the V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA and analyzed using QIIME2. The microbiota of early ileal and cecal samples were characterized by high abundance of unclassified bacteria. Among four bacterial populations (IL-L, IL-M, CE-L, CE-M), IL-M was the least affected by delayed access to feed early PH. Both alpha and beta diversities were affected by delayed access to feed PH in IL-L, CE-M and CE-L. However, the development effect was more pronounced. In all four bacterial populations, significant changes due to developmental effect (time relative to hatch) was observed in taxonomic composition, with transient changes of bacterial taxa during the first two weeks PH. Delayed access to feed has limited influence on bacterial composition with only a few genera and species affected in all four bacterial populations. Predicted function based on 16S rRNA was also affected by delayed access to feed PH with most changes in metabolic pathway richness observed in IL-L, CE-L and CE-M. Conclusions These results show transient changes in chicken microbiota biodiversity during the first two weeks PH and indicate that delayed access to feed affects microbiota development. Proper microbiota development could be an important factor in disease prevention and antibiotic use in broiler chickens. Moreover, significant differences in response to delayed access to feed PH between luminal and mucosal bacterial populations strongly suggests the need for separate analysis of these two populations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-022-02619-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Northeast Area (NEA), Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory (ABBL), Beltsville, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, B-200, Rm. 100B, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
| | - Katarzyna B Miska
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Northeast Area (NEA), Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory (ABBL), Beltsville, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, B-200, Rm. 100B, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Laura E Ellestad
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Lori L Schreier
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Northeast Area (NEA), Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory (ABBL), Beltsville, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, B-200, Rm. 100B, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Stanislaw Kahl
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Northeast Area (NEA), Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory (ABBL), Beltsville, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, B-200, Rm. 100B, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Nadia Darwish
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Northeast Area (NEA), Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory (ABBL), Beltsville, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, B-200, Rm. 100B, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.,United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Northeast Area (NEA), Statistic Group, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Philip Campos
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Northeast Area (NEA), Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory (ABBL), Beltsville, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, B-200, Rm. 100B, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.,United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Northeast Area (NEA), Statistic Group, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Jonathan Shao
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), Northeast Area (NEA), Statistic Group, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
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