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Li Y, Zhao J, Guo S, He D. siRNA therapy in osteoarthritis: targeting cellular pathways for advanced treatment approaches. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382689. [PMID: 38895116 PMCID: PMC11184127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder characterized by the degeneration of cartilage and inflammation, affecting millions worldwide. The disease's complex pathogenesis involves various cell types, such as chondrocytes, synovial cells, osteoblasts, and immune cells, contributing to the intricate interplay of factors leading to tissue degradation and pain. RNA interference (RNAi) therapy, particularly through the use of small interfering RNA (siRNA), emerges as a promising avenue for OA treatment due to its capacity for specific gene silencing. siRNA molecules can modulate post-transcriptional gene expression, targeting key pathways involved in cellular proliferation, apoptosis, senescence, autophagy, biomolecule secretion, inflammation, and bone remodeling. This review delves into the mechanisms by which siRNA targets various cell populations within the OA milieu, offering a comprehensive overview of the potential therapeutic benefits and challenges in clinical application. By summarizing the current advancements in siRNA delivery systems and therapeutic targets, we provide a solid theoretical foundation for the future development of novel siRNA-based strategies for OA diagnosis and treatment, paving the way for innovative and more effective approaches to managing this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshen Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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de Souza Costa ÁD, Vermeulen-Serpa KM, Batista Marinho KM, Carvalho Xavier de Medeiros CA, Antunes de Araújo A, Teixeira Dourado-Junior ME, Brandão-Neto J, Lima Maciel BL, Helena de Lima Vale S. Persistent inflammation and nutritional status in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:393-398. [PMID: 38777460 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) involves muscle fragility, sarcolemma instability, and chronic inflammation. This study aims to identify the inflammatory profile of DMD patients and evaluate associations between clinical and nutritional variables. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study nested in a cohort to obtain sociodemographics, illness time, use of medications, and supplement data through interviews and the patient's medical records. Then, we assessed the relationships between illness time, cytokine levels, and nutritional status. RESULTS Forty-four male participants, aged 4.3-24.2 years, were evaluated. Concerning nutritional status, 18 participants were eutrophic. The fat mass increased and the lean mass decreased from the beginning of the first signs of DMD. Cytokines levels in DMD patients, even under corticosteroids therapy, are higher than values described in the literature on healthy subjects. The regression models demonstrated that illness time and BMI/A z-scores are associated with higher values of interleukin-6. CONCLUSIONS A persistent inflammatory profile was observed in the patients evaluated. The data suggest that maintaining adequate nutritional status and body composition is important for determining the inflammation presented by individuals with DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caroline Addison Carvalho Xavier de Medeiros
- Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences/ Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology RENORBIO, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Aurigena Antunes de Araújo
- Postgraduate Program Public Health/ Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
| | | | - José Brandão-Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Bruna Leal Lima Maciel
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil.
| | - Sancha Helena de Lima Vale
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil.
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3
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Kedlian VR, Wang Y, Liu T, Chen X, Bolt L, Tudor C, Shen Z, Fasouli ES, Prigmore E, Kleshchevnikov V, Pett JP, Li T, Lawrence JEG, Perera S, Prete M, Huang N, Guo Q, Zeng X, Yang L, Polański K, Chipampe NJ, Dabrowska M, Li X, Bayraktar OA, Patel M, Kumasaka N, Mahbubani KT, Xiang AP, Meyer KB, Saeb-Parsy K, Teichmann SA, Zhang H. Human skeletal muscle aging atlas. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:727-744. [PMID: 38622407 PMCID: PMC11108788 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle aging is a key contributor to age-related frailty and sarcopenia with substantial implications for global health. Here we profiled 90,902 single cells and 92,259 single nuclei from 17 donors to map the aging process in the adult human intercostal muscle, identifying cellular changes in each muscle compartment. We found that distinct subsets of muscle stem cells exhibit decreased ribosome biogenesis genes and increased CCL2 expression, causing different aging phenotypes. Our atlas also highlights an expansion of nuclei associated with the neuromuscular junction, which may reflect re-innervation, and outlines how the loss of fast-twitch myofibers is mitigated through regeneration and upregulation of fast-type markers in slow-twitch myofibers with age. Furthermore, we document the function of aging muscle microenvironment in immune cell attraction. Overall, we present a comprehensive human skeletal muscle aging resource ( https://www.muscleageingcellatlas.org/ ) together with an in-house mouse muscle atlas to study common features of muscle aging across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika R Kedlian
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yaning Wang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianliang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liam Bolt
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Catherine Tudor
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhuojian Shen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eirini S Fasouli
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena Prigmore
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jan Patrick Pett
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tong Li
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - John E G Lawrence
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shani Perera
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Prete
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ni Huang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Zeng
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krzysztof Polański
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nana-Jane Chipampe
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Monika Dabrowska
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Core Facilities for Medical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Omer Ali Bayraktar
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Minal Patel
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natsuhiko Kumasaka
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krishnaa T Mahbubani
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Collaborative Biorepository for Translational Medicine (CBTM), NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Collaborative Biorepository for Translational Medicine (CBTM), NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Gökçe E, Kaushal N, Fontanille T, Vrinceanu T, Saillant K, Vints WAJ, Freret T, Gauthier A, Bherer L, Langeard A. The mediating role of lower body muscle strength and IGF-1 level in the relationship between age and cognition. A MIDUS substudy. Exp Gerontol 2024; 189:112399. [PMID: 38484906 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aging is a natural process associated with a decline in cognition. However, the mediating effect of physical function and circulating myokines on this relationship has yet to be fully clarified. This study investigated how muscle strength and circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels mediate the relationship between age and cognitive functions. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 1255 participants aged 25-74 years included in the Midlife in the United States II study were retrospectively analyzed. In this cross-sectional analysis, we applied a serial mediation model to explore the mediating effects of muscle strength and circulating IGF-1 levels on the relationship between age and cognitive functions. We included potential confounding factors related to sociodemographics, lifestyle, and health status as covariates in the model. RESULTS The results showed that aging had both direct and indirect effects on cognition. As predicted, muscle strength and IGF-1 levels mediated the relationship between age and specific cognitive functions. In addition, mediation analyses indicated that the association between aging and cognitive flexibility, immediate and delayed memory, and inductive reasoning were partially mediated by muscle strength and IGF-1 levels in a serial manner. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the serial multiple mediation roles of muscle strength and IGF-1 levels on the relationship between age and specific cognitive functions. Further longitudinal research should be performed to confirm the serial mediation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Gökçe
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, Caen, France.
| | - Navin Kaushal
- School of Health & Human Sciences, Indiana University, Indiana, USA
| | - Theo Fontanille
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, Caen, France
| | - Tudor Vrinceanu
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kathia Saillant
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Wouter A J Vints
- Department of Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Freret
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, Caen, France
| | - Antoine Gauthier
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, Caen, France
| | - Louis Bherer
- Research Center of the Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Antoine Langeard
- Université de Caen Normandie, INSERM, CYCERON, CHU Caen, COMETE UMR 1075, Caen, France
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Fard D, Barbiera A, Dobrowolny G, Tamagnone L, Scicchitano BM. Semaphorins: Missing Signals in Age-dependent Alteration of Neuromuscular Junctions and Skeletal Muscle Regeneration. Aging Dis 2024; 15:517-534. [PMID: 37728580 PMCID: PMC10917540 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is characterized by a remarkable capacity to rearrange after physiological changes and efficiently regenerate. However, during aging, extensive injury, or pathological conditions, the complete regenerative program is severely affected, with a progressive loss of muscle mass and function, a condition known as sarcopenia. The compromised tissue repair program is attributable to the gradual depletion of stem cells and to altered regulatory signals. Defective muscle regeneration can severely affect re-innervation by motor axons, and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) development, ultimately leading to skeletal muscle atrophy. Defects in NMJ formation and maintenance occur physiologically during aging and are responsible for the pathogenesis of several neuromuscular disorders. However, it is still largely unknown how neuromuscular connections are restored on regenerating fibers. It has been suggested that attractive and repelling signals used for axon guidance could be implicated in this process; in particular, guidance molecules called semaphorins play a key role. Semaphorins are a wide family of extracellular regulatory signals with a multifaceted role in cell-cell communication. Originally discovered as axon guidance factors, they have been implicated in cancer progression, embryonal organogenesis, skeletal muscle innervation, and other physiological and developmental functions in different tissues. In particular, in skeletal muscle, specific semaphorin molecules are involved in the restoration and remodeling of the nerve-muscle connections, thus emphasizing their plausible role to ensure the success of muscle regeneration. This review article aims to discuss the impact of aging on skeletal muscle regeneration and NMJs remodeling and will highlight the most recent insights about the role of semaphorins in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damon Fard
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Barbiera
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Dobrowolny
- DAHFMO-Unità di Istologia ed Embriologia Medica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Luca Tamagnone
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
| | - Bianca Maria Scicchitano
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica,Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Roma, Italy.
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy.
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Yanar KE, Gür C, Değirmençay Ş, Aydın Ö, Aktaş MS, Baysal S. Insulin-like growth factor-1 expression levels in pro-inflammatory response in calves with neonatal systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 268:110706. [PMID: 38159440 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α), serum immunoglobulin profiles (IgG and IgM), and lipid peroxidation status (MDA) in relation to pro-inflammatory cytokines. A case-controlled, prospective, and observational investigation was completed on 85 calves. Total RNA was isolated from whole blood samples of both the SIRS and healthy calves, followed by reverse transcription into cDNA. The resulting cDNAs were mixed with iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix and primers specific to the relevant genes using the Rotor-Gene Q instrument. After the reaction was completed, gene expressions were normalised against β-actin using the 2-ΔΔCT method. The mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines namely (IL-1β [SIRS: 2.15 ± 0.55, Control: 1.13 ± 0.62; P = 0.001], IL-6 [SIRS: 2.82 ± 0.52, Control: 0.91 ± 0.11; P < 0.001], IL-18 [SIRS: 1.92 ± 0.41, Control: 0.99 ± 0.13; P < 0.001], and TNF-α [SIRS: 2.59 ± 0.28, Control: 0.93 ± 0.09; P < 0.001]) and IGF-1 (SIRS: 3.55 ± 0.55, Control: 0.91 ± 0.15; P < 0.001) were up-regulated in calves with SIRS, while serum IgG (SIRS: 4.16 ± 0.26, Control: 1.73 ± 0.17; P < 0.001), IgM (SIRS: 1.55 ± 0.11, Control: 1.09 ± 0.13; P < 0.001), and MDA levels (SIRS: 41.12 ± 3.48, Control: 3.76 ± 0.81; P < 0.001) increased significantly in these calves. Furthermore, significant (P < 0.01) positive correlations were found in calves with SIRS in relation to the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, IGF-1, serum immunoglobulins, and MDA levels. These results suggest that IGF-1 could be a valuable pro-inflammatory marker, considering its high positive correlation with the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α) and markers (MDA, IgG, and IgM) in calves with SIRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerim Emre Yanar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Cihan Gür
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Değirmençay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ömer Aydın
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sinan Aktaş
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sümeyye Baysal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Zhao X, Cao Y, Li H, Wu Y, Yao Y, Wang L, Li J, Yao Y. Development of myofibers and muscle transcriptomic analysis in growing Yili geese. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103328. [PMID: 38157792 PMCID: PMC10790089 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In poultries, muscle growth is a quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. The regulatory mechanisms governing muscle tissue growth and development in poultry, particularly during the early stages of growth, are intricate. Through the examination of leg muscle transcripts from Yili geese during various stages of development, this study offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the growth and development of Yili geese. This study aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the histological characteristics of leg muscles and the mRNA expression profiles of leg muscles in Yili geese at different ages (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wk). The objective was to identify differentially expressed genes related to muscle development in Yili geese and utilize bioinformatics to predict the potential biological functions of these genes. Through histological studies on leg muscle tissues, it was discerned that male geese at 4 wk exhibit a significantly reduced muscle fiber density in comparison to females (P < 0.01). In contrast, by the time they reach 6, 8, and 10 wk, their muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional dimensions significantly outpace the females (P < 0.01). With the advancement in age, muscle fiber density tends to decrease. It is worth noting that 4- and 6-wk-old male geese have a substantially elevated muscle fiber density when matched against females (P < 0.01). Conversely, at the age of 10 wk, their muscle fiber density is notably inferior to the females (P < 0.01). Furthermore, male geese exhibit the most rapid increase in muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area between 4 and 6 wk of age. The density of muscle fibers in these geese significantly decreases from 4 to 8 wk. In contrast, female geese show the most pronounced growth in muscle fiber diameter and cross-sectional area between 2 and 6 wk, with a swift decline in density following the 6-wk mark, accompanied by a gradual reduction in the rate of muscle fiber growth. A comprehensive analysis of the leg muscle mRNA expression profiles from 12 Yili geese generated a cumulative total of 502,065,268 valid sequence reads, corresponding to a data volume of 75.30 Gb. In a comparative analysis between 4-wk-old and 2-wk-old groups (T4 vs. T2), 8-wk-old and 2-wk-old groups (T8 vs. T2), and 8-wk-old and 4-wk-old groups (T8 vs. T4), we identified 1,700, 1,583, and 221 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively. Differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in Gene Ontology (GO) terms such as organelle organization, cytoskeletal protein binding, cation transport, myosin complex, and actin cytoskeleton. Among the significantly enriched signaling pathways, 5 pathways were found to be significantly related to growth and development: adhesion patch, extracellular matrix receptor interaction, tight junction, TGF-β signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway, with a total of 38 differentially differentiated genes contained in these 5 pathways, and it was hypothesized that the above pathways as well as the DEGs in the pathways played an important role in the regulation of early growth and development of the Yili goose. This investigation serves as a foundational reference for elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in the development of goose muscle. Furthermore, it contributes to the expansion of the theoretical framework concerning the genetic regulation of muscle growth in geese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yan Cao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Haiying Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Yingping Wu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - YingYing Yao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yang Yao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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8
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Rodríguez MP, Cabello-Verrugio C. Soluble Factors Associated with Denervation-induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:189-199. [PMID: 38018212 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037189827231018092036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle tissue has the critical function of mechanical support protecting the body. In addition, its functions are strongly influenced by the balanced synthesis and degradation processes of structural and regulatory proteins. The inhibition of protein synthesis and/or the activation of catabolism generally determines a pathological state or condition called muscle atrophy, a reduction in muscle mass that results in partial or total loss of function. It has been established that many pathophysiological conditions can cause a decrease in muscle mass. Skeletal muscle innervation involves stable and functional neural interactions with muscles via neuromuscular junctions and is essential for maintaining normal muscle structure and function. Loss of motor innervation induces rapid skeletal muscle fiber degeneration with activation of atrophy-related signaling and subsequent disassembly of sarcomeres, altering normal muscle function. After denervation, an inflammation stage is characterized by the increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that determine muscle atrophy. In this review, we highlighted the impact of some soluble factors on the development of muscle atrophy by denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianny Portal Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility, and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility, and Aging, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, 8370146, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Cosentino M, Forcina L, Zouhair M, Apa L, Genovese D, Boccia C, Rizzuto E, Musarò A. Modelling three-dimensional cancer-associated cachexia and therapy: The molecular basis and therapeutic potential of interleukin-6 transignalling blockade. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:2550-2568. [PMID: 37727078 PMCID: PMC10751446 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Causes and mechanisms underlying cancer cachexia are not fully understood, and currently, no therapeutic approaches are available to completely reverse the cachectic phenotype. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been extensively described as a key factor in skeletal muscle physiopathology, exerting opposite roles through different signalling pathways. METHODS We employed a three-dimensional ex vivo muscle engineered tissue (X-MET) to model cancer-associated cachexia and to study the effectiveness of selective inhibition of IL-6 transignalling in counteracting the cachectic phenotype. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from C26 adenocarcinoma cells was used as a source of soluble factors contributing to the establishment of cancer cachexia in the X-MET model. A dose of 1.2 ng/mL of glycoprotein-130 fused chimaera (gp130Fc) was added to cachectic culture medium to neutralize IL-6 transignalling. RESULTS C26-conditioned medium induced a cachectic-like phenotype in the X-MET, leading to a decline of muscle mass (-60%; P < 0.001), a reduction in myosin expression (-92.4%; P < 0.005) and a reduction of the contraction frequency spectrum (-94%). C26-conditioned medium contains elevated amounts of IL-6 (8.61 ± 4.09 pg/mL) and IL6R (56.85 ± 10.96 pg/mL). These released factors activated the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling in the C26_CM X-MET system (phosphorylated STAT3/TOTAL +54.6%; P < 0.005), which in turn promote an enhancement of Il-6 (+69.2%; P < 0.05) and Il6r (+43%; P < 0.05) gene expression, suggesting the induction of a feed-forward loop. The selective neutralization of IL-6 transignalling, by gp130Fc, in C26_CM X-MET prevented the hyperactivation of STAT3 (-55.8%; P < 0.005), countered the reduction of cross-sectional area (+28.2%; P < 0.05) and reduced the expression of proteolytic factors including muscle ring finger-1 (-88%; P < 0.005) and ATROGIN1 (-92%; P < 0.05), thus preserving the robustness and increasing the contractile force (+20%) of the three-dimensional muscle system. Interestingly, the selective inhibition of IL-6 transignalling modulated gene regulatory networks involved in myogenesis and apoptosis, normalizing the expression of pro-apoptotic miRNAs, including miR-31 (-53.2%; P < 0.05) and miR-34c (-65%; P < 0.005), and resulting in the reduction of apoptotic pathways highlighted by the sensible reduction of cleaved caspase 3 (-92.5%; P < 0.005) in gp130Fc-treated C26_CM X-MET. CONCLUSIONS IL-6 transignalling appeared as a promising target to counter cancer cachexia-related alterations. The X-MET model has proven to be a reliable drug-screening tool to identify novel therapeutic approaches and to test them in preclinical studies, significantly reducing the use of animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Cosentino
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
| | - Laura Forcina
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
| | - Mariam Zouhair
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
| | - Ludovica Apa
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Desirèe Genovese
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
| | - Caterina Boccia
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
| | - Emanuele Rizzuto
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO‐Unit of Histology and Medical EmbryologySapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia – Fondazione Cenci BolognettiRomeItaly
- Scuola Superiore di Studi Avanzati Sapienza (SSAS)Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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10
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Mogharehabed F, Czubryt MP. The role of fibrosis in the pathophysiology of muscular dystrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1326-C1335. [PMID: 37781738 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00196.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophy exerts significant and dramatic impacts on affected patients, including progressive muscle wasting leading to lung and heart failure, and results in severely curtailed lifespan. Although the focus for many years has been on the dysfunction induced by the loss of function of dystrophin or related components of the striated muscle costamere, recent studies have demonstrated that accompanying pathologies, particularly muscle fibrosis, also contribute adversely to patient outcomes. A significant body of research has now shown that therapeutically targeting these accompanying pathologies via their underlying molecular mechanisms may provide novel approaches to patient management that can complement the current standard of care. In this review, we discuss the interplay between muscle fibrosis and muscular dystrophy pathology. A better understanding of these processes will contribute to improved patient care options, restoration of muscle function, and reduced patient morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Mogharehabed
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Michael P Czubryt
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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11
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Ji SJ, Qian ZH, Hu PY, Chen FY. Age-dependent Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass and Visceral Fat Area in a Chinese Population. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:838-844. [PMID: 37326887 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2742-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to demonstrate the age-dependent changes in skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area in a population of Chinese adults aged 30-92 years old. METHODS A total of 6669 healthy Chinese men and 4494 healthy Chinese women aged 30-92 years old were assessed for their skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area. RESULTS The results showed age-dependent decreases in the total skeletal muscle mass indexes in both men and women aged 40-92 years old as well as age-dependent increases in the visceral fat area in men aged 30-92 years old and in women aged 30-80 years old. Multivariate regression models showed that the total skeletal muscle mass index was positively associated with the body mass index and negatively associated with the age and visceral fat area in both sexes. CONCLUSION The loss of skeletal muscle mass becomes obvious at approximately 50 years of age, and the visceral fat area commences to increase at approximately 40 years of age in this Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jing Ji
- Health Management Center, Health Promotion Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Zhan-Hong Qian
- Health Management Center, Health Promotion Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Pei-Ying Hu
- Health Management Center, Health Promotion Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Fang-Yao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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12
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Khuu S, Fernandez JW, Handsfield GG. Delayed skeletal muscle repair following inflammatory damage in simulated agent-based models of muscle regeneration. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011042. [PMID: 37023170 PMCID: PMC10128985 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy skeletal muscle undergoes repair in response to mechanically localised strains during activities such as exercise. The ability of cells to transduce the external stimuli into a cascade of cell signalling responses is important to the process of muscle repair and regeneration. In chronic myopathies such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy and inflammatory myopathies, muscle is often subject to chronic necrosis and inflammation that perturbs tissue homeostasis and leads to non-localised, widespread damage across the tissue. Here we present an agent-based model that simulates muscle repair in response to both localised eccentric contractions similar to what would be experienced during exercise, and non-localised widespread inflammatory damage that is present in chronic disease. Computational modelling of muscle repair allows for in silico exploration of phenomena related to muscle disease. In our model, widespread inflammation led to delayed clearance of tissue damage, and delayed repair for recovery of initial fibril counts at all damage levels. Macrophage recruitment was delayed and significantly higher in widespread compared to localised damage. At higher damage percentages of 10%, widespread damage led to impaired muscle regeneration and changes in muscle geometry that represented alterations commonly observed in chronic myopathies, such as fibrosis. This computational work offers insight into the progression and aetiology of inflammatory muscle diseases, and suggests a focus on the muscle regeneration cascade in understanding the progression of muscle damage in inflammatory myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Khuu
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Justin W Fernandez
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey G Handsfield
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Fibrosis: Types, Effects, Markers, Mechanisms for Disease Progression, and Its Relation with Oxidative Stress, Immunity, and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044004. [PMID: 36835428 PMCID: PMC9963026 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Most chronic inflammatory illnesses include fibrosis as a pathogenic characteristic. Extracellular matrix (ECM) components build up in excess to cause fibrosis or scarring. The fibrotic process finally results in organ malfunction and death if it is severely progressive. Fibrosis affects nearly all tissues of the body. The fibrosis process is associated with chronic inflammation, metabolic homeostasis, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) signaling, where the balance between the oxidant and antioxidant systems appears to be a key modulator in managing these processes. Virtually every organ system, including the lungs, heart, kidney, and liver, can be affected by fibrosis, which is characterized as an excessive accumulation of connective tissue components. Organ malfunction is frequently caused by fibrotic tissue remodeling, which is also frequently linked to high morbidity and mortality. Up to 45% of all fatalities in the industrialized world are caused by fibrosis, which can damage any organ. Long believed to be persistently progressing and irreversible, fibrosis has now been revealed to be a very dynamic process by preclinical models and clinical studies in a variety of organ systems. The pathways from tissue damage to inflammation, fibrosis, and/or malfunction are the main topics of this review. Furthermore, the fibrosis of different organs with their effects was discussed. Finally, we highlight many of the principal mechanisms of fibrosis. These pathways could be considered as promising targets for the development of potential therapies for a variety of important human diseases.
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14
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Ruze A, Wang B, Jin J, Hou P, Tuerxun D, Amuti S. Bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist protects against cold stress–induced erectile dysfunction in rats. Sex Med 2023; 11:qfac004. [PMID: 37007851 PMCID: PMC10065187 DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfac004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Erectile dysfunction (ED) demonstrates seasonal variation with higher rates in winter, and we hypothesize that endothelial damage in erectile tissue caused by bradykinin receptor B1 (B1R) might be detrimental to this change.
Aim
To find out direct correlations between cold stress and ED, through which to further investigate the functional roles of B1R in erectile tissue and to elucidate the therapeutic roles of the B1R antagonist in a cold stress–induced ED rat model.
Methods
Cold stress rat models are established through long-term intermittent exposure to low temperature. After their erectile function was assessed, ED rats were treated with the B1R antagonist through intraperitoneal injection. Penile tissues were obtained at the end of the experiment after measurement of intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP); the location and distribution of cytokine expression were determined by immunohistochemistry; cytokine levels and NOS and CD31 expression were detected by Western blotting; and collagen fibers and smooth muscles were observed through Masson staining.
Outcomes
Cold stress impairs erectile function, and the B1R antagonist protects against it.
Results
We observed decreased erection frequency, prolonged erection latency time, decreased ICP/MAP, overexpression of B1R, increased expression of cytokines on cavernous sinus endothelium, and increased levels of collagen fibers/smooth muscles on erectile tissue in response to cold stress. Also, NOS and CD31 expression was downregulated. B1R antagonist treatment shows enhanced erectile function through increased erection frequency, shortened erection latency time, and increased ICP/MAP. Also, it reduces collagen fibers/smooth muscles, TNF-α, TGF-β1, and IL-6 and upregulates the expression of nNOS and CD31.
Clinical Translation
Our findings cast new light on the correlations between cold stress and erectile function and potential new applications of existing B1R antagonist drugs in the field of ED.
Strengths and Limitations
Our data support that cold stress impairs erectile function. B1R-mediated, cytokine-induced corpus cavernosum fibrosis and endothelial damage might be the main reason behind it, and B1R inhibition protects against fibrosis and endothelial damage. Other ways of B1R antagonist blocking methods in different types of ED still need to be investigated.
Conclusion
Long-term intermittent cold stress impairs erectile function, and B1R-mediated, cytokine-induced corpus cavernosum fibrosis and endothelial damage might be the main reason behind it. B1R inhibition also protects against fibrosis and endothelial damage. Our data support the hypothesis that cold stress impairs erectile function and that B1R blockade ameliorates the symptoms of ED, possibly by reversing fibrosis and endothelial damage in erectile tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudureyimujiang Ruze
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, China
| | - Binghua Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, China
| | - Jin Jin
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, China
| | - Pengcheng Hou
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, China
| | - Diliyaer Tuerxun
- Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Siyiti Amuti
- Corresponding author: Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 567, Shangde North Road, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830017, China.
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15
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Koike H, Manabe I, Oishi Y. Mechanisms of cooperative cell-cell interactions in skeletal muscle regeneration. Inflamm Regen 2022; 42:48. [DOI: 10.1186/s41232-022-00234-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractSkeletal muscles have an extraordinary capacity to regenerate themselves when injured. Skeletal muscle stem cells, called satellite cells, play a central role in muscle regeneration via three major steps: activation, proliferation, and differentiation. These steps are affected by multiple types of cells, such as immune cells, fibro-adipogenic progenitor cells, and vascular endothelial cells. The widespread use of single-cell sequencing technologies has enabled the identification of novel cell subpopulations associated with muscle regeneration and their regulatory mechanisms. This review summarizes the dynamism of the cellular community that controls and promotes muscle regeneration, with a particular focus on skeletal muscle stem cells.
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16
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Brightwell CR, Latham CM, Thomas NT, Keeble AR, Murach KA, Fry CS. A glitch in the matrix: the pivotal role for extracellular matrix remodeling during muscle hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C763-C771. [PMID: 35876284 PMCID: PMC9448331 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00200.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Multinuclear muscle fibers are the most voluminous cells in skeletal muscle and the primary drivers of growth in response to loading. Outside the muscle fiber, however, is a diversity of mononuclear cell types that reside in the extracellular matrix (ECM). These muscle-resident cells are exercise-responsive and produce the scaffolding for successful myofibrillar growth. Without proper remodeling and maintenance of this ECM scaffolding, the ability to mount an appropriate response to resistance training in adult muscles is severely hindered. Complex cellular choreography takes place in muscles following a loading stimulus. These interactions have been recently revealed by single-cell explorations into muscle adaptation with loading. The intricate ballet of ECM remodeling involves collagen production from fibrogenic cells and ECM modifying signals initiated by satellite cells, immune cells, and the muscle fibers themselves. The acellular collagen-rich ECM is also a mechanical signal-transducer and rich repository of growth factors that may directly influence muscle fiber hypertrophy once liberated. Collectively, high levels of collagen expression, deposition, and turnover characterize a well-trained muscle phenotype. The purpose of this review is to highlight the most recent evidence for how the ECM and its cellular components affect loading-induced muscle hypertrophy. We also address how the muscle fiber may directly take part in ECM remodeling, and whether ECM dynamics are rate limiting for muscle fiber growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille R Brightwell
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Christine M Latham
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Nicholas T Thomas
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Alexander R Keeble
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Molecular Muscle Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Christopher S Fry
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
- Department of Athletic Training and Clinical Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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17
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Forcina L, Franceschi C, Musarò A. The hormetic and hermetic role of IL-6. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 80:101697. [PMID: 35850167 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine regulating different tissues and organs in diverse and sometimes discrepant ways. The dual and sometime hermetic nature of IL-6 action has been highlighted in several contexts and can be explained by the concept of hormesis, in which beneficial or toxic effects can be induced by the same molecule depending on the intensity, persistence, and nature of the stimulation. According with hormesis, a low and/or controlled IL-6 release is associated with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and pro-myogenic actions, whereas increased systemic levels of IL-6 can induce pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant and pro-fibrotic responses. However, many aspects regarding the multifaceted action of IL-6 and the complex nature of its signal transduction remains to be fully elucidated. In this review we collect mechanistic insight into the molecular networks contributing to normal or pathologic changes during advancing age and in chronic diseases. We point out the involvement of IL-6 deregulation in aging-related diseases, dissecting the hormetic action of this key mediator in different tissues, with a special focus on skeletal muscle. Since IL-6 can act as an enhancer of detrimental factor associated with both aging and pathologic conditions, such as chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, this cytokine could represent a "Gerokine", a determinant of the switch from physiologic aging to age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Forcina
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14, Rome 00161, Italy.
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Scuola Superiore di Studi Avanzati Sapienza (SSAS), Via A. Scarpa, 14, Rome 00161, Italy.
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18
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Cole HA, Moore-Lotridge SN, Hawley GD, Jacobson R, Yuasa M, Gewin L, Nyman JS, Flick MJ, Schoenecker JG. The Deleterious Effects of Impaired Fibrinolysis on Skeletal Development Are Dependent on Fibrin(ogen), but Independent of Interlukin-6. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:768338. [PMID: 34938785 PMCID: PMC8685342 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.768338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases in growing children, such as autoimmune disorders, obesity, and cancer, are hallmarked by musculoskeletal growth disturbances and osteoporosis. Many of the skeletal changes in these children are thought to be secondary to chronic inflammation. Recent studies have likewise suggested that changes in coagulation and fibrinolysis may contribute to musculoskeletal growth disturbances. In prior work, we demonstrated that mice deficient in plasminogen, the principal protease of degrading and clearing fibrin matrices, suffer from inflammation-driven systemic osteoporosis and that elimination of fibrinogen resulted in normalization of IL-6 levels and complete rescue of the skeletal phenotype. Given the intimate link between coagulation, fibrinolysis, and inflammation, here we determined if persistent fibrin deposition, elevated IL-6, or both contribute to early skeletal aging and physeal disruption in chronic inflammatory conditions. Skeletal growth as well as bone quality, physeal development, and vascularity were analyzed in C57BL6/J mice with plasminogen deficiency with and without deficiencies of either fibrinogen or IL-6. Elimination of fibrinogen, but not IL-6, rescued the skeletal phenotype and growth disturbances in this model of chronic disease. Furthermore, the skeletal phenotypes directly correlated with both systemic and local vascular changes in the skeletal environment. In conclusion, these results suggest that fibrinolysis through plasmin is essential for skeletal growth and maintenance, and is multifactorial by limiting inflammation and preserving vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Cole
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Stephanie N Moore-Lotridge
- Departments of Orthopaedics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center of Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Gregory D Hawley
- Departments of Orthopaedics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Richard Jacobson
- Departments of Orthopaedics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Masato Yuasa
- Departments of Orthopaedics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Orthopaedic and Spinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Leslie Gewin
- Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Research, Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Departments of Orthopaedics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center of Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Research, Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Matthew J Flick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,University of North Carolina Blood Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jonathan G Schoenecker
- Departments of Orthopaedics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Center of Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States.,Departments of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Departments of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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19
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Boivin J, Tolsma R, Awad P, Kenter K, Li Y. The Biological Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Skeletal Muscle Injury and Repair. Am J Sports Med 2021; 51:1347-1355. [PMID: 34904902 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211061606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a blood product that contains several growth factors and active proteins. PRP is thought to be used autologously to assist in the repair of injured tissues as well as to treat pain at the site of injury. The mechanism behind PRP in regenerative medicine has been well investigated and includes the identification and concentration of released growth factors and exosomes. The benefits of PRP have been highly recommended and are used widely in orthopaedics and sports medicine, including repair of injured skeletal muscle. This current report summarizes some of the more recent studies in the use of PRP as it relates to muscle healing, in both the in vitro and clinical arenas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Boivin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering at Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Rachael Tolsma
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter Awad
- Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Keith Kenter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering at Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Biomedical Engineering at Western Michigan University Homer Stryker MD School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
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20
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Yang Y, Ding L, Bao T, Li Y, Ma J, Li Q, Gao Z, Song S, Wang J, Zhao J, Wang Z, Zhao D, Li X, Wang Z, Zhao L, Tong X. Network Pharmacology and Experimental Assessment to Explore the Pharmacological Mechanism of Qimai Feiluoping Decoction Against Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:770197. [PMID: 34925028 PMCID: PMC8678473 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.770197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is one of the pathologic changes in COVID-19 patients in convalescence, and it is also a potential long-term sequela in severe COVID-19 patients. Qimai Feiluoping decoction (QM) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula recommended in the Chinese national medical program for COVID-19 convalescent patients, and PF is one of its indications. Through clinical observation, QM was found to improve the clinical symptoms and pulmonary function and reduce the degree of PF of COVID-19 convalescent patients. To further explore the pharmacological mechanisms and possible active components of QM in anti-PF effect, UHPLC/Q-TOF-MS was used to analyze the composition of the QM extract and the active components that can be absorbed into the blood, leading to the identification of 56 chemical compounds and 10 active components. Then, network pharmacology was used to predict the potential mechanisms and targets of QM; it predicted that QM exerts its anti-PF effects via the regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and TGF-β signaling pathway. Finally, TGF-β1-induced A549 cells were used to verify and explore the pharmacological effects of QM and found that QM could inhibit the proliferation of TGF-β1-induced A549 cells, attenuate EMT, and promote ECM degradation by inhibiting the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Yang
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Ding
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tingting Bao
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Siyu Song
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachao Zhao
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiangyan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Bio-Macromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Scientific Research, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Jiang Q, Feng X, Liu D, Li T, Kuang X, Liu X, Li W, Li J. Pressing Intervention Promotes the Skeletal Muscle Repair of Traumatic Myofascial Trigger Points in Rats. J Pain Res 2021; 14:3267-3278. [PMID: 34703302 PMCID: PMC8528472 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s333705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To observe the effect of pressing intervention on the skeletal muscle repair of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) in rats and explore the mechanism of pressing intervention on the deactivation of trigger points. Methods Thirty SPF rats were randomly divided into blank group, model group and press group, with 10 rats in each group. The MTrPs models were established by blunt striking plus eccentric exercise, and then evaluated. The press group was given a pressing intervention with a self-made device for 14 days, and the rats in the other two groups were fed normally. Soft tissue tension (STT) D0.2 and pressure pain threshold (PPT) were measured before and after intervention. The skeletal muscle tissue at MTrPs was extracted and assessed by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) and Masson staining. The expression of collagen I, collagen III, α- smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), myosin heavy chain (MHC) and fibronectin (FN) were detected by Western Blotting. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the expression of substance P (SP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Results (1) Compared with the blank group, the PPT and D0.2 reduced (P < 0.05) in the model group; while compared with the model group, the PPT and D0.2 increased (P < 0.05) in the press group. (2) Compared with the blank group, the model group showed obvious spontaneous potentials with higher amplitude and frequency, which were also much higher than those of the press group (P < 0.05). (3) The HE and Masson staining results showed evident fibrosis in the muscle tissue of the model group, with a larger area of collagen fibers relative to that of the press group (P < 0.05). (4) The amount of collagen I, collagen III, FN, α- SMA, SP, 5-HT, COX-2 and PGE2 increased and the content of MHC decreased (P < 0.05) in the model group, as compared to the blank group; while all the substances (P < 0.05), instead of MHC which increased (P < 0.05), in the press group were decreased as compared to the model group. Conclusion Pressing intervention on the MTrPs in rats can alleviate chronic inflammation, inhibit fibrosis, promote skeletal muscle repair and relieve pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanrui Jiang
- College of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tui-Na, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Feng
- College of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tui-Na, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- College of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tui-Na, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tui-Na, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxia Kuang
- College of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tui-Na, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- College of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tui-Na, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Li
- College of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tui-Na, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangshan Li
- College of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tui-Na, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People's Republic of China
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22
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Wu Y, Li Y, Bai Y, Jiang J, Wang X, Guo S. Left Main Bronchus Stenosis Lesion, Neutrophil Count, and Platelet Count Are Predictors of Post-Tuberculosis Bronchomalacia. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e931779. [PMID: 34620816 PMCID: PMC8507426 DOI: 10.12659/msm.931779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post-tuberculosis bronchomalacia (PTBM) is one of the main conditions occurring in patients after tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB), and is also associated with the recurrence of symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the predictors of PTBM in patients who had been undergoing appropriate TB treatment. Material/Methods Clinical data of 104 patients with symptomatic airway stenosis after TBTB between January 01, 2019 and June 31, 2020 were recorded and analyzed. The association between baseline clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and PTBM was calculated with logistical regression. The time from onset of bronchoscopic intervention was examined by Kaplan-Meier estimates; differences between the 2 groups were tested by the log-rank test. Results Fifty-seven patients (54.81%) had PTBM. In the multivariate logistical analysis, the left main bronchus stenosis lesion (odds ratio [OR]=3.763), neutrophil (NEUT) count (OR=1.527), and platelet (PLT) (OR=1.010) count were predictors of PTBM. During follow-up, patients with BM had a significantly longer duration from onset of bronchoscopic intervention than patients without BM (hazard ratio=2.412, P<0.0001). Further, all patients needing long-term bronchoscopic intervention therapy were subsequently identified as having PTBM. Additionally, blood PLT counts were significantly decreased to normal levels in the non-BM group (P<0.05), but not in the BM group (P>0.05). Conclusions PTBM is most likely to occur in the left main bronchus. The inflammatory and immune responses associated with NEUT and PLT may represent therapeutic targets of PTBM. Our study is the first to report that decreased blood PLT count has the potential to monitor the treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland).,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yishi Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Jinyue Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
| | - Shuliang Guo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China (mainland)
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23
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Gasotransmitters: Potential Therapeutic Molecules of Fibrotic Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:3206982. [PMID: 34594474 PMCID: PMC8478550 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3206982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as the pathological progress of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), such as collagen, fibronectin, and elastin deposition, as the regenerative capacity of cells cannot satisfy the dynamic repair of chronic damage. The well-known features of tissue fibrosis are characterized as the presence of excessive activated and proliferated fibroblasts and the differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, and epithelial cells undergo the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to expand the number of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts thereby driving fibrogenesis. In terms of mechanism, during the process of fibrosis, the activations of the TGF-β signaling pathway, oxidative stress, cellular senescence, and inflammatory response play crucial roles in the activation and proliferation of fibroblasts to generate ECM. The deaths due to severe fibrosis account for almost half of the total deaths from various diseases, and few treatment strategies are available for the prevention of fibrosis as yet. Recently, numerous studies demonstrated that three well-defined bioactive gasotransmitters, including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), generally exhibited anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and antiproliferative properties. Besides these effects, a number of studies have reported that low-dose exogenous and endogenous gasotransmitters can delay and interfere with the occurrence and development of fibrotic diseases, including myocardial fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, liver fibrosis, renal fibrosis, diabetic diaphragm fibrosis, and peritoneal fibrosis. Furthermore, in animal and clinical experiments, the inhalation of low-dose exogenous gas and intraperitoneal injection of gaseous donors, such as SNAP, CINOD, CORM, SAC, and NaHS, showed a significant therapeutic effect on the inhibition of fibrosis through modulating the TGF-β signaling pathway, attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory response, and delaying the cellular senescence, while promoting the process of autophagy. In this review, we first demonstrate and summarize the therapeutic effects of gasotransmitters on diverse fibrotic diseases and highlight their molecular mechanisms in the process and development of fibrosis.
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24
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Seo E, Shin YK, Hsieh YS, Lee JM, Seol GH. Linalyl acetate as a potential preventive agent against muscle wasting in rheumatoid arthritis rats chronically exposed to nicotine. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 147:27-32. [PMID: 34294369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking has detrimental effects on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), characterized by muscle wasting. Linalyl acetate (LA), the main component of Lavandula angustifolia Mill (lavender) oil, has anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the detrimental effects of chronic nicotine exposure in rats with RA, as well as the abilities of lavender oil and LA to prevent muscle wasting. Rats with RA induced by type II collagen were exposed to nicotine for 22 days from day 1. Lavender oil or LA was administered twice a week during the experiment. Compared with control, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and chronic nicotine exposure plus CIA (NicoCIA) showed increases in hind paw thickness and serum interleukin (IL)-6 and decreases in body weight and serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 levels. Moreover, weight and fiber cross-sectional area of the gastrocnemius muscle were much lower, and mitochondrial membrane potential of the gastrocnemius muscle was higher, in the NicoCIA than in the CIA. These alterations in the NicoCIA were prevented by lavender oil and LA. Importantly, LA showed greater activity than lavender oil in preventing IGF-1 reduction in the NicoCIA. These findings suggest that lavender oil and LA may have preventive benefit in RA by counteracting muscle wasting associated with chronic nicotine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhye Seo
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Kyoung Shin
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Shan Hsieh
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeong-Min Lee
- KT&G Central Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Hee Seol
- Department of Basic Nursing Science, College of Nursing, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Program of Transdisciplinary Major in Learning Health Systems, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Mancinelli R, Checcaglini F, Coscia F, Gigliotti P, Fulle S, Fanò-Illic G. Biological Aspects of Selected Myokines in Skeletal Muscle: Focus on Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8520. [PMID: 34445222 PMCID: PMC8395159 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, clear evidence has emerged that the cellular components of skeletal muscle are important sites for the release of proteins and peptides called "myokines", suggesting that skeletal muscle plays the role of a secretory organ. After their secretion by muscles, these factors serve many biological functions, including the exertion of complex autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine effects. In sum, myokines affect complex multi-organ processes, such as skeletal muscle trophism, metabolism, angiogenesis and immunological response to different physiological (physical activity, aging, etc.) or pathological states (cachexia, dysmetabolic conditions, chronic inflammation, etc.). The aim of this review is to describe in detail a number of myokines that are, to varying degrees, involved in skeletal muscle aging processes and belong to the group of proteins present in the functional environment surrounding the muscle cell known as the "Niche". The particular myokines described are those that, acting both from within the cell and in an autocrine manner, have a defined relationship with the modulation of oxidative stress in muscle cells (mature or stem) involved in the regulatory (metabolic or regenerative) processes of muscle aging. Myostatin, IGF-1, NGF, S100 and irisin are examples of specific myokines that have peculiar features in their mechanisms of action. In particular, the potential role of one of the most recently characterized myokines-irisin, directly linked to an active lifestyle-in reducing if not reversing senescence-induced oxidative damage is discussed in terms of its possible application as an agent able to counteract the deleterious effects of muscle aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Mancinelli
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.)
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Franco Checcaglini
- Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Coscia
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Sport Physiology, University of Perugia, 39038 San Candido-Innichen, Italy; (F.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Paola Gigliotti
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Sport Physiology, University of Perugia, 39038 San Candido-Innichen, Italy; (F.C.); (P.G.)
| | - Stefania Fulle
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.)
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fanò-Illic
- Department of Neuroscience Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (R.M.); (S.F.)
- IIM-Interuniversity Institute of Myology, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Free University of Alcatraz, Santa Cristina di Gubbio, 06100 Perugia, Italy;
- A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, 35100 Padova, Italy
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26
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Pelosi L, Berardinelli MG, Forcina L, Ascenzi F, Rizzuto E, Sandri M, De Benedetti F, Scicchitano BM, Musarò A. Sustained Systemic Levels of IL-6 Impinge Early Muscle Growth and Induce Muscle Atrophy and Wasting in Adulthood. Cells 2021; 10:1816. [PMID: 34359985 PMCID: PMC8306542 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that can exert different and opposite effects. The muscle-induced and transient expression of IL-6 can act in an autocrine or paracrine manner, stimulating anabolic pathways associated with muscle growth, myogenesis, and with regulation of energy metabolism. In contrast, under pathologic conditions, including muscular dystrophy, cancer associated cachexia, aging, chronic inflammatory diseases, and other pathologies, the plasma levels of IL-6 significantly increase, promoting muscle wasting. Nevertheless, the specific physio-pathological role exerted by IL-6 in the maintenance of differentiated phenotype remains to be addressed. The purpose of this study was to define the role of increased plasma levels of IL-6 on muscle homeostasis and the mechanisms contributing to muscle loss. Here, we reported that increased plasma levels of IL-6 promote alteration in muscle growth at early stage of postnatal life and induce muscle wasting by triggering a shift of the slow-twitch fibers toward a more sensitive fast fiber phenotype. These findings unveil a role for IL-6 as a potential biomarker of stunted growth and skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pelosi
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.G.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Maria Grazia Berardinelli
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.G.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Laura Forcina
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via A. Scarpa, 14, 00161 Rome, Italy; (L.P.); (M.G.B.); (L.F.)
| | - Francesca Ascenzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Risk Management Q and A, Sant’Andrea Hospital, “Sapienza” University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emanuele Rizzuto
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Sandri
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padua, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Fabrizio De Benedetti
- Division of Rheumatology and Immuno-Rheumatology Research Laboratories, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Bianca Maria Scicchitano
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli”, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Musarò
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa, 14, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Studi Avanzati Sapienza (SSAS), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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27
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Yao L, Tichy ED, Zhong L, Mohanty S, Wang L, Ai E, Yang S, Mourkioti F, Qin L. Gli1 Defines a Subset of Fibro-adipogenic Progenitors that Promote Skeletal Muscle Regeneration With Less Fat Accumulation. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1159-1173. [PMID: 33529374 PMCID: PMC8633884 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has remarkable regenerative ability after injury. Mesenchymal fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) are necessary, active participants during this repair process, but the molecular signatures of these cells and their functional relevance remain largely unexplored. Here, using a lineage tracing mouse model (Gli1-CreER Tomato), we demonstrate that Gli1 marks a small subset of muscle-resident FAPs with elevated Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. Upon notexin muscle injury, these cells preferentially and rapidly expanded within FAPs. Ablation of Gli1+ cells using a DTA mouse model drastically reduced fibroblastic colony-forming unit (CFU-F) colonies generated by muscle cells and impaired muscle repair at 28 days. Pharmacologic manipulation revealed that Gli1+ FAPs rely on Hh signaling to increase the size of regenerating myofiber. Sorted Gli1+ FAPs displayed superior clonogenicity and reduced adipogenic differentiation ability in culture compared to sorted Gli1- FAPs. In a glycerol injury model, Gli1+ FAPs were less likely to give rise to muscle adipocytes compared to other FAPs. Further cell ablation and Hh activator/inhibitor treatments demonstrated their dual actions in enhancing myogenesis and reducing adipogenesis after injury. Examining single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset of FAPs from normal mice indicated that Gli1+ FAPs with increased Hh signaling provide trophic signals to myogenic cells while restrict their own adipogenic differentiation. Collectively, our findings identified a subpopulation of FAPs that play an essential role in skeletal muscle repair. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutian Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Elisia D Tichy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Leilei Zhong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sarthak Mohanty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Luqiang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily Ai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shuying Yang
- Department of Basic & Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Foteini Mourkioti
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Musculoskeletal Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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28
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Dobrowolny G, Barbiera A, Sica G, Scicchitano BM. Age-Related Alterations at Neuromuscular Junction: Role of Oxidative Stress and Epigenetic Modifications. Cells 2021; 10:1307. [PMID: 34074012 PMCID: PMC8225025 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
With advancing aging, a decline in physical abilities occurs, leading to reduced mobility and loss of independence. Although many factors contribute to the physio-pathological effects of aging, an important event seems to be related to the compromised integrity of the neuromuscular system, which connects the brain and skeletal muscles via motoneurons and the neuromuscular junctions (NMJs). NMJs undergo severe functional, morphological, and molecular alterations during aging and ultimately degenerate. The effect of this decline is an inexorable decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength, a condition generally known as sarcopenia. Moreover, several studies have highlighted how the age-related alteration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis can contribute to changes in the neuromuscular junction morphology and stability, leading to the reduction in fiber number and innervation. Increasing evidence supports the involvement of epigenetic modifications in age-dependent alterations of the NMJ. In particular, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and miRNA-dependent gene expression represent the major epigenetic mechanisms that play a crucial role in NMJ remodeling. It is established that environmental and lifestyle factors, such as physical exercise and nutrition that are susceptible to change during aging, can modulate epigenetic phenomena and attenuate the age-related NMJs changes. This review aims to highlight the recent epigenetic findings related to the NMJ dysregulation during aging and the role of physical activity and nutrition as possible interventions to attenuate or delay the age-related decline in the neuromuscular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Dobrowolny
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics (DAHFMO)-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Barbiera
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Histology and Embryology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Histology and Embryology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Bianca Maria Scicchitano
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Histology and Embryology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (A.B.); (G.S.)
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von Maltzahn J. Regulation of muscle stem cell function. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 116:295-311. [PMID: 33752822 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of skeletal muscle is a finely tuned process which is depending on muscle stem cells, a population of stem cells in skeletal muscle which is also termed satellite cells. Muscle stem cells are a prerequisite for regeneration of skeletal muscle. Of note, the muscle stem cell population is heterogeneous and subpopulations can be identified depending on gene expression or phenotypic traits. However, all muscle stem cells express the transcription factor Pax7 and their functionality is tightly controlled by intrinsic signaling pathways and extrinsic signals. The latter ones include signals form the stem cell niche as well as circulating factors such as growth factors and hormones. Among them are Wnt proteins, growth factors like IGF-1 or FGF-2 and hormones such as thyroid hormones and the anti-aging hormone Klotho. A highly orchestrated interplay between those factors and muscle stem cells is important for their full functionality and ultimately regeneration of skeletal muscle as outlined here.
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Millward DJ. Interactions between Growth of Muscle and Stature: Mechanisms Involved and Their Nutritional Sensitivity to Dietary Protein: The Protein-Stat Revisited. Nutrients 2021; 13:729. [PMID: 33668846 PMCID: PMC7996181 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood growth and its sensitivity to dietary protein is reviewed within a Protein-Stat model of growth regulation. The coordination of growth of muscle and stature is a combination of genetic programming, and of two-way mechanical interactions involving the mechanotransduction of muscle growth through stretching by bone length growth, the core Protein-Stat feature, and the strengthening of bone through muscle contraction via the mechanostat. Thus, growth in bone length is the initiating event and this is always observed. Endocrine and cellular mechanisms of growth in stature are reviewed in terms of the growth hormone-insulin like growth factor-1 (GH-IGF-1) and thyroid axes and the sex hormones, which together mediate endochondral ossification in the growth plate and bone lengthening. Cellular mechanisms of muscle growth during development are then reviewed identifying (a) the difficulties posed by the need to maintain its ultrastructure during myofibre hypertrophy within the extracellular matrix and the concept of muscle as concentric "bags" allowing growth to be conceived as bag enlargement and filling, (b) the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the mechanotransduction of satellite and mesenchymal stromal cells, to enable both connective tissue remodelling and provision of new myonuclei to aid myofibre hypertrophy and (c) the implications of myofibre hypertrophy for protein turnover within the myonuclear domain. Experimental data from rodent and avian animal models illustrate likely changes in DNA domain size and protein turnover during developmental and stretch-induced muscle growth and between different muscle fibre types. Growth of muscle in male rats during adulthood suggests that "bag enlargement" is achieved mainly through the action of mesenchymal stromal cells. Current understanding of the nutritional regulation of protein deposition in muscle, deriving from experimental studies in animals and human adults, is reviewed, identifying regulation by amino acids, insulin and myofibre volume changes acting to increase both ribosomal capacity and efficiency of muscle protein synthesis via the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and the phenomenon of a "bag-full" inhibitory signal has been identified in human skeletal muscle. The final section deals with the nutritional sensitivity of growth of muscle and stature to dietary protein in children. Growth in length/height as a function of dietary protein intake is described in the context of the breastfed child as the normative growth model, and the "Early Protein Hypothesis" linking high protein intakes in infancy to later adiposity. The extensive paediatric studies on serum IGF-1 and child growth are reviewed but their clinical relevance is of limited value for understanding growth regulation; a role in energy metabolism and homeostasis, acting with insulin to mediate adiposity, is probably more important. Information on the influence of dietary protein on muscle mass per se as opposed to lean body mass is limited but suggests that increased protein intake in children is unable to promote muscle growth in excess of that linked to genotypic growth in length/height. One possible exception is milk protein intake, which cohort and cross-cultural studies suggest can increase height and associated muscle growth, although such effects have yet to be demonstrated by randomised controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Joe Millward
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
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31
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Sgrò P, Ceci R, Lista M, Patrizio F, Sabatini S, Felici F, Sacchetti M, Bazzucchi I, Duranti G, Di Luigi L. Quercetin Modulates IGF-I and IGF-II Levels After Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle-Damage: A Placebo-Controlled Study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:745959. [PMID: 34803913 PMCID: PMC8595302 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.745959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged or unaccustomed eccentric exercise may cause muscle damage and depending from its extent, this event negatively affects physical performance. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate, in humans, the effect of the flavonoid quercetin on circulating levels of the anabolic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-II), produced during the recovery period after an eccentric-induced muscle damage (EIMD). METHODS A randomized, double-blind, crossover study has been performed; twelve young men ingested quercetin (1 g/day) or placebo for 14 days and then underwent an eccentric-induced muscle damaging protocol. Blood samples were collected, and cell damage markers [creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and myoglobin (Mb)], the inflammatory responsive interleukin 6 (IL-6), IGF-I and IGF-II levels were evaluated before the exercise and at different recovery times from 24 hours to 7 days after EIMD. RESULTS We found that, in placebo treatment the increase in IGF-I (72 h) preceded IGF-II increase (7 d). After Q supplementation there was a more marked increase in IGF-I levels and notably, the IGF-II peak was found earlier, compared to placebo, at the same time of IGF-I (72 h). Quercetin significantly reduced plasma markers of cell damage [CK (p<0.005), LDH (p<0.001) and Mb (p<0.05)] and the interleukin 6 level [IL-6 (p<0.05)] during recovery period following EIMD compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Our data are encouraging about the use of quercetin as dietary supplementation strategy to adopt in order to mitigate and promote a faster recovery after eccentric exercise as suggested by the increase in plasma levels of the anabolic factors IGF-I and IGF-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sgrò
- Endocrinology Unit - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paolo Sgrò, ; Guglielmo Duranti,
| | - Roberta Ceci
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Lista
- Endocrinology Unit - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Federica Patrizio
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Felici
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Massimo Sacchetti
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Ilenia Bazzucchi
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry of Movement - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paolo Sgrò, ; Guglielmo Duranti,
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Endocrinology Unit - Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Roma “Foro Italico”, Roma, Italy
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Péladeau C, Jasmin BJ. Targeting IRES-dependent translation as a novel approach for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1238-1251. [PMID: 33164678 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1847894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal-ribosomal entry sites (IRES) are translational elements that allow the initiation machinery to start protein synthesis via internal initiation. IRESs promote tissue-specific translation in stress conditions when conventional cap-dependent translation is inhibited. Since many IRES-containing mRNAs are relevant to diseases, this cellular mechanism is emerging as an attractive therapeutic target for pharmacological and genetic modulations. Indeed, there has been growing interest over the past years in determining the therapeutic potential of IRESs for several disease conditions such as cancer, neurodegeneration and neuromuscular diseases including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). IRESs relevant for DMD have been identified in several transcripts whose protein product results in functional improvements in dystrophic muscles. Together, these converging lines of evidence indicate that activation of IRES-mediated translation of relevant transcripts in DMD muscle represents a novel and appropriate therapeutic strategy for DMD that warrants further investigation, particularly to identify agents that can modulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Péladeau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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33
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Fibrosis following Acute Skeletal Muscle Injury: Mitigation and Reversal Potential in the Clinic. JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7059057. [PMID: 33376749 PMCID: PMC7745048 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7059057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle injuries occur often in athletics and in daily life. In minor injuries, muscles are able to regenerate completely and recover their functional capabilities. However, in the case of severe injuries, the injured muscle cannot recover to a functional level because of the formation of fibrous scar tissue. The physical barrier of scars is significantly challenged in both research and clinical treatment. Fibrous scar tissue not only limits cells' migration, but also contributes to normal tissue biomechanical properties. This scar formation creates an unsuitable environment for tissue structure resulting in frequent pain. Antifibrosis treatment is one of the major strategies used to augment muscle regeneration and accelerate its functional recovery. This review will discuss the currently available methods for improving muscle regeneration with a specific focus on antifibrosis applications. We also discussed several novel hypotheses and clinical applications in muscle fibrosis treatment currently in practice.
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34
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VanderVeen BN, Murphy EA, Carson JA. The Impact of Immune Cells on the Skeletal Muscle Microenvironment During Cancer Cachexia. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1037. [PMID: 32982782 PMCID: PMC7489038 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progressive weight loss combined with skeletal muscle atrophy, termed cachexia, is a common comorbidity associated with cancer that results in adverse consequences for the patient related to decreased chemotherapy responsiveness and increased mortality. Cachexia's complexity has provided a barrier for developing successful therapies to prevent or treat the condition, since a large number of systemic disruptions that can regulate muscle mass are often present. Furthermore, considerable effort has focused on investigating how tumor derived factors and inflammatory mediators directly signal skeletal muscle to disrupt protein turnover regulation. Currently, there is developing appreciation for understanding how cancer alters skeletal muscle's complex microenvironment and the tightly regulated interactions between multiple cell types. Skeletal muscle microenvironment interactions have established functions in muscle response to regeneration from injury, growth, aging, overload-induced hypertrophy, and exercise. This review explores the growing body of evidence for immune cell modulation of the skeletal muscle microenvironment during cancer-induced muscle wasting. Emphasis is placed on the regulatory network that integrates physiological responses between immune cells with other muscle cell types including satellite cells, fibroblast cells, and endothelial cells to regulate myofiber size and plasticity. The overall goal of this review is to provide an understanding of how different cell types that constitute the muscle microenvironment and their signaling mediators contribute to cancer and chemotherapy-induced muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon N. VanderVeen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- AcePre, LLC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - E. Angela Murphy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
- AcePre, LLC, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - James A. Carson
- Integrative Muscle Biology Laboratory, Division of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Professions, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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35
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Signorelli M, Spitali P, Tsonaka R. Poisson–Tweedie mixed-effects model: A flexible approach for the analysis of longitudinal RNA-seq data. STAT MODEL 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1471082x20936017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We present a new modelling approach for longitudinal overdispersed counts that is motivated by the increasing availability of longitudinal RNA-sequencing experiments. The distribution of RNA-seq counts typically exhibits overdispersion, zero-inflation and heavy tails; moreover, in longitudinal designs repeated measurements from the same subject are typically (positively) correlated. We propose a generalized linear mixed model based on the Poisson–Tweedie distribution that can flexibly handle each of the aforementioned features of longitudinal overdispersed counts. We develop a computational approach to accurately evaluate the likelihood of the proposed model and to perform maximum likelihood estimation. Our approach is implemented in the R package ptmixed, which can be freely downloaded from CRAN. We assess the performance of ptmixed on simulated data, and we present an application to a dataset with longitudinal RNA-sequencing measurements from healthy and dystrophic mice. The applicability of the Poisson–Tweedie mixed-effects model is not restricted to longitudinal RNA-seq data, but it extends to any scenario where non-independent measurements of a discrete overdispersed response variable are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Signorelli
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Pietro Spitali
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Roula Tsonaka
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands
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36
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Ahmad SS, Ahmad K, Lee EJ, Lee YH, Choi I. Implications of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Skeletal Muscle and Various Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081773. [PMID: 32722232 PMCID: PMC7465464 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is an essential tissue that attaches to bones and facilitates body movements. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a hormone found in blood that plays an important role in skeletal myogenesis and is importantly associated with muscle mass entity, strength development, and degeneration and increases the proliferative capacity of muscle satellite cells (MSCs). IGF-1R is an IGF-1 receptor with a transmembrane location that activates PI3K/Akt signaling and possesses tyrosine kinase activity, and its expression is significant in terms of myoblast proliferation and normal muscle mass maintenance. IGF-1 synthesis is elevated in MSCs of injured muscles and stimulates MSCs proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Mechanical loading also affects skeletal muscle production by IGF-1, and low IGF-1 levels are associated with low handgrip strength and poor physical performance. IGF-1 is potentially useful in the management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, muscle atrophy, and promotes neurite development. This review highlights the role of IGF-1 in skeletal muscle, its importance during myogenesis, and its involvement in different disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (I.C.); Fax: +82-53-810-4769
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea; (S.S.A.); (K.A.); (E.J.L.)
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.L.); (I.C.); Fax: +82-53-810-4769
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37
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Guo A, Li K, Xiao Q. Sarcopenic obesity: Myokines as potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets? Exp Gerontol 2020; 139:111022. [PMID: 32707318 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition characterized by the occurrence of both sarcopenia and obesity and imposes a heavy burden on the health of the elderly. Controversies and challenges regarding the definition, diagnosis and treatment of SO still remain because of its complex pathogenesis and limitations. Over the past few decades, numerous studies have revealed that myokines secreted from skeletal muscle play significant roles in the regulation of muscle mass and function as well as metabolic homeostasis. Abnormalities in myokines may trigger and promote the pathogenesis underlying age-related and metabolic diseases, including obesity, sarcopenia, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and SO. This review mainly focuses on the role of myokines as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis and therapeutic targets in SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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38
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Musarò A, Scicchitano BM. Counteracting sarcopenia: the role of IGF-1 isoforms. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:3410-3411. [PMID: 31195371 PMCID: PMC6594807 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Musarò
- DAHFMO-Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Bianca Maria Scicchitano
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli", IRCCS, Roma 00168, Italy
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Sun C, Zhang H, Wang X, Liu X. Ligamentum flavum fibrosis and hypertrophy: Molecular pathways, cellular mechanisms, and future directions. FASEB J 2020; 34:9854-9868. [PMID: 32608536 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000635r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum (LF), along with disk protrusion and facet joints degeneration, is associated with the development of lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS). Of note, LF hypertrophy is deemed as an important cause of LSCS. Histologically, fibrosis is proved to be the main pathology of LF hypertrophy. Despite the numerous studies explored the mechanisms of LF fibrosis at the molecular and cellular levels, the exact mechanism remains unknown. It is suggested that pathophysiologic stimuli such as mechanical stress, aging, obesity, and some diseases are the causative factors. Then, many cytokines and growth factors secreted by LF cells and its surrounding tissues play different roles in activating the fibrotic response. Here, we summarize the current status of detailed knowledge available regarding the causative factors, pathology, molecular and cellular mechanisms implicated in LF fibrosis and hypertrophy, also focusing on the possible avenues for anti-fibrotic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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40
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Cannabinoid type 2 receptor manipulates skeletal muscle regeneration partly by regulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization in IR injury in mice. Life Sci 2020; 256:117989. [PMID: 32565250 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The beneficial effects of cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) activation have been verified in various tissue repair processes. Our recent study revealed CB2R activation promotes myogenesis partly through Nrf2 signaling in a mouse skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury model. Other relevant mechanisms need to be further elucidated. Macrophages orchestrate tissue regeneration mainly by changing their phenotype and function. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CB2R in IR-induced skeletal muscle regeneration, focusing on its impact on macrophage polarization and the consequences on myogenesis. MAIN METHODS The effects of CB2R on skeletal muscle regeneration, and the macrophage infiltration and M1/M2 polarization were tested with the IR injury model in wild type (WT) and CB2R knockout (CB2R-KO) mice. The effect of CB2R on peritoneal macrophage polarization, and its impact on the myoblasts differentiation was evaluated by co-culture experiments in vitro. KEY FINDINGS The present study revealed the myofiber regeneration was hindered in the CB2R-KO mice. The infiltration of M1 macrophages and relevant markers' protein expression were enhanced in the CB2R-KO mice, while that of M2 macrophages was decreased compared with the WT mice. The in vitro studies further demonstrated that the absence of CB2R promoted M1 polarization while inhibited M2 polarization. The promoted M1 polarization and retarded M2 polarization in CB2R-KO macrophages hindered myoblasts differentiation. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, these results suggested CB2R plays a beneficial effect on skeletal muscle regeneration partly by regulating macrophage M1/M2 polarization after IR injury in mice.
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41
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Sinha U, Malis V, Chen JS, Csapo R, Kinugasa R, Narici MV, Sinha S. Role of the Extracellular Matrix in Loss of Muscle Force With Age and Unloading Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Biochemical Analysis, and Computational Models. Front Physiol 2020; 11:626. [PMID: 32625114 PMCID: PMC7315044 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this review is the application of advanced MRI to study the effect of aging and disuse related remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on force transmission in the human musculoskeletal system. Structural MRI includes (i) ultra-low echo times (UTE) maps to visualize and quantify the connective tissue, (ii) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) modeling to estimate changes in muscle and ECM microstructure, and (iii) magnetization transfer contrast imaging to quantify the macromolecular fraction in muscle. Functional MRI includes dynamic acquisitions during contraction cycles enabling computation of the strain tensor to monitor muscle deformation. Further, shear strain extracted from the strain tensor may be a potential surrogate marker of lateral transmission of force. Biochemical and histological analysis of muscle biopsy samples can provide "gold-standard" validation of some of the MR findings. The review summarizes biochemical studies of ECM adaptations with age and with disuse. A brief summary of animal models is included as they provide experimental confirmation of longitudinal and lateral force transmission pathways. Computational muscle models enable exploration of force generation and force pathways and elucidate the link between structural adaptations and functional consequences. MR image findings integrated in a computational model can explain and predict subject specific functional changes to structural adaptations. Future work includes development and validation of MRI biomarkers using biochemical analysis of muscle tissue as a reference standard and potential translation of the imaging markers to the clinic to noninvasively monitor musculoskeletal disease conditions and changes consequent to rehabilitative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Sinha
- Department of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Vadim Malis
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jiun-Shyan Chen
- Department of Structural Engineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Robert Csapo
- Research Unit for Orthopaediic Sports Medicine and Injury Prevention, ISAG, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Ryuta Kinugasa
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, Yokohama, Japan.,Computational Engineering Applications Unit, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Marco Vincenzo Narici
- Institute of Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Shantanu Sinha
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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42
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Pulik Ł, Mierzejewski B, Ciemerych MA, Brzóska E, Łęgosz P. The Survey of Cells Responsible for Heterotopic Ossification Development in Skeletal Muscles-Human and Mouse Models. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061324. [PMID: 32466405 PMCID: PMC7349686 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) manifests as bone development in the skeletal muscles and surrounding soft tissues. It can be caused by injury, surgery, or may have a genetic background. In each case, its development might differ, and depending on the age, sex, and patient's conditions, it could lead to a more or a less severe outcome. In the case of the injury or surgery provoked ossification development, it could be, to some extent, prevented by treatments. As far as genetic disorders are concerned, such prevention approaches are highly limited. Many lines of evidence point to the inflammatory process and abnormalities in the bone morphogenetic factor signaling pathway as the molecular and cellular backgrounds for HO development. However, the clear targets allowing the design of treatments preventing or lowering HO have not been identified yet. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on HO types, its symptoms, and possible ways of prevention and treatment. We also describe the molecules and cells in which abnormal function could lead to HO development. We emphasize the studies involving animal models of HO as being of great importance for understanding and future designing of the tools to counteract this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Pulik
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindley 4 St, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Mierzejewski
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (B.M.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Maria A. Ciemerych
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (B.M.); (M.A.C.)
| | - Edyta Brzóska
- Department of Cytology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1 St, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland; (B.M.); (M.A.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (P.Ł.); Tel.: +48-22-5542-203 (E.B.); +48-22-5021-514 (P.Ł.)
| | - Paweł Łęgosz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Lindley 4 St, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: (E.B.); (P.Ł.); Tel.: +48-22-5542-203 (E.B.); +48-22-5021-514 (P.Ł.)
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Ciardulli MC, Marino L, Lovecchio J, Giordano E, Forsyth NR, Selleri C, Maffulli N, Porta GD. Tendon and Cytokine Marker Expression by Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Hyaluronate/Poly-Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid (PLGA)/Fibrin Three-Dimensional (3D) Scaffold. Cells 2020; 9:E1268. [PMID: 32443833 PMCID: PMC7291129 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a (three-dimensional) 3D scaffold, we named HY-FIB, incorporating a force-transmission band of braided hyaluronate embedded in a cell localizing fibrin hydrogel and poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanocarriers as transient components for growth factor controlled delivery. The tenogenic supporting capacity of HY-FIB on human-Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBM-MSCs) was explored under static conditions and under bioreactor-induced cyclic strain conditions. HY-FIB elasticity enabled to deliver a mean shear stress of 0.09 Pa for 4 h/day. Tendon and cytokine marker expression by hBM-MSCs were studied. Results: hBM-MSCs embedded in HY-FIB and subjected to mechanical stimulation, resulted in a typical tenogenic phenotype, as indicated by type 1 Collagen fiber immunofluorescence. RT-qPCR showed an increase of type 1 Collagen, scleraxis, and decorin gene expression (3-fold, 1600-fold, and 3-fold, respectively, at day 11) in dynamic conditions. Cells also showed pro-inflammatory (IL-6, TNF, IL-12A, IL-1β) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β1) cytokine gene expressions, with a significant increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in dynamic conditions (IL-10 and TGF-β1 300-fold and 4-fold, respectively, at day 11). Mechanical signaling, conveyed by HY-FIB to hBM-MSCs, promoted tenogenic gene markers expression and a pro-repair cytokine balance. The results provide strong evidence in support of the HY-FIB system and its interaction with cells and its potential for use as a predictive in vitro model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Ciardulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (L.M.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Luigi Marino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (L.M.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Joseph Lovecchio
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Via dell’Università 50, 47522 Cesena (FC), Italy; (J.L.); (E.G.)
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Via dell’Università 50, 47522 Cesena (FC), Italy; (J.L.); (E.G.)
| | - Nicholas R. Forsyth
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK;
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (L.M.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (L.M.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Guy Hilton Research Centre, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire ST4 7QB, UK;
- Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Barts and The London School of Medicine, London E1 4NL, UK
| | - Giovanna Della Porta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Via S. Allende, 84081 Baronissi (SA), Italy; (M.C.C.); (L.M.); (C.S.); (N.M.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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Squecco R, Chellini F, Idrizaj E, Tani A, Garella R, Pancani S, Pavan P, Bambi F, Zecchi-Orlandini S, Sassoli C. Platelet-Rich Plasma Modulates Gap Junction Functionality and Connexin 43 and 26 Expression During TGF-β1-Induced Fibroblast to Myofibroblast Transition: Clues for Counteracting Fibrosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051199. [PMID: 32408529 PMCID: PMC7290305 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle repair/regeneration may benefit by Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) treatment owing to PRP pro-myogenic and anti-fibrotic effects. However, PRP anti-fibrotic action remains controversial. Here, we extended our previous researches on the inhibitory effects of PRP on in vitro transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced differentiation of fibroblasts into myofibroblasts, the effector cells of fibrosis, focusing on gap junction (GJ) intercellular communication. The myofibroblastic phenotype was evaluated by cell shape analysis, confocal fluorescence microscopy and Western blotting analyses of α-smooth muscle actin and type-1 collagen expression, and electrophysiological recordings of resting membrane potential, resistance, and capacitance. PRP negatively regulated myofibroblast differentiation by modifying all the assessed parameters. Notably, myofibroblast pairs showed an increase of voltage-dependent GJ functionality paralleled by connexin (Cx) 43 expression increase. TGF-β1-treated cells, when exposed to a GJ blocker, or silenced for Cx43 expression, failed to differentiate towards myofibroblasts. Although a minority, myofibroblast pairs also showed not-voltage-dependent GJ currents and coherently Cx26 expression. PRP abolished the TGF-β1-induced voltage-dependent GJ current appearance while preventing Cx43 increase and promoting Cx26 expression. This study adds insights into molecular and functional mechanisms regulating fibroblast-myofibroblast transition and supports the anti-fibrotic potential of PRP, demonstrating the ability of this product to hamper myofibroblast generation targeting GJs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.S.); (E.I.); (R.G.)
| | - Flaminia Chellini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (S.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.S.); (E.I.); (R.G.)
| | - Alessia Tani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (S.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (R.S.); (E.I.); (R.G.)
| | - Sofia Pancani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (S.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Paola Pavan
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy Unit, "A. Meyer" University Children’s Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (P.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Franco Bambi
- Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy Unit, "A. Meyer" University Children’s Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (P.P.); (F.B.)
| | - Sandra Zecchi-Orlandini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (S.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
| | - Chiara Sassoli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (F.C.); (A.T.); (S.P.); (S.Z.-O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0552-7580-63
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45
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Carraro U. Thirty years of translational research in Mobility Medicine: Collection of abstracts of the 2020 Padua Muscle Days. Eur J Transl Myol 2020; 30:8826. [PMID: 32499887 PMCID: PMC7254447 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half a century of skeletal muscle research is continuing at Padua University (Italy) under the auspices of the Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology (CIR-Myo), the European Journal of Translational Myology (EJTM) and recently also with the support of the A&CM-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy. The Volume 30(1), 2020 of the EJTM opens with the collection of abstracts for the conference "2020 Padua Muscle Days: Mobility Medicine 30 years of Translational Research". This is an international conference that will be held between March 18-21, 2020 in Euganei Hills and Padova in Italy. The abstracts are excellent examples of translational research and of the multidimensional approaches that are needed to classify and manage (in both the acute and chronic phases) diseases of Mobility that span from neurologic, metabolic and traumatic syndromes to the biological process of aging. One of the typical aim of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is indeed to reduce pain and increase mobility enough to enable impaired persons to walk freely, garden, and drive again. The excellent contents of this Collection of Abstracts reflect the high scientific caliber of researchers and clinicians who are eager to present their results at the PaduaMuscleDays. A series of EJTM Communications will also add to this preliminary evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- Interdepartmental Research Centre of Myology (CIR-Myo), Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
- A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
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Targeting Age-Dependent Functional and Metabolic Decline of Human Skeletal Muscle: The Geroprotective Role of Exercise, Myokine IL-6, and Vitamin D. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031010. [PMID: 32033000 PMCID: PMC7037081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the elderly, whole-body health largely relies on healthy skeletal muscle, which controls body stability, locomotion, and metabolic homeostasis. Age-related skeletal muscle structural/functional deterioration is associated with a higher risk of severe comorbid conditions and poorer outcomes, demanding major socioeconomic costs. Thus, the need for efficient so-called geroprotective strategies to improve resilience and ensure a good quality of life in older subjects is urgent. Skeletal muscle senescence and metabolic dysregulation share common cellular/intracellular mechanisms, potentially representing targets for intervention to preserve muscle integrity. Many factors converge in aging, and multifaceted approaches have been proposed as interventions, although they have often been inconclusive. Physical exercise can counteract aging and metabolic deficits, not only in maintaining tissue mass, but also by preserving tissue secretory function. Indeed, skeletal muscle is currently considered a proper secretory organ controlling distant organ functions through immunoactive regulatory small peptides called myokines. This review provides a current perspective on the main biomolecular mechanisms underlying age-dependent and metabolic deterioration of skeletal muscle, herein discussed as a secretory organ, the functional integrity of which largely depends on exercise and myokine release. In particular, muscle-derived interleukin (IL)-6 is discussed as a nutrient-level biosensor. Overall, exercise and vitamin D are addressed as optimal geroprotective strategies in view of their multi-target effects.
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Mahdy MAA, Warita K, Hosaka YZ. Neutralization of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 activity reduced fibrosis and enhanced regeneration of glycerol-injured rat muscle. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:168-171. [PMID: 31875598 PMCID: PMC7041973 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that glycerol induces early fibrosis in rat muscles which
persists up to two weeks after injury. The current study aims to determine the possible
factor associated with fibrosis of rat muscle following glycerol injury. Eight-week-old
male Wistar rats received either glycerol only (as a control) or a co-treatment of
neutralizing antibody to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (5 and 12.5
µg). Both antibody doses significantly decreased fibrosis and improved
muscle regeneration suggesting that anti-TGF-β1 antibody has both anti-fibrotic and
myogenic effects. In conclusion, fibrosis developed in glycerol-injured rat muscles, might
be mediated, in part, by the upregulation of TGF-β1 expression. Targeting TGF-β1 could be
a promising approach for inhibiting fibrosis and enhancing muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A A Mahdy
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt
| | - Katsuhiko Warita
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Z Hosaka
- Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
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48
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Increased Circulating Levels of Interleukin-6 Affect the Redox Balance in Skeletal Muscle. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3018584. [PMID: 31827671 PMCID: PMC6881749 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3018584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The extent of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation are closely related events which coexist in a muscle environment under pathologic conditions. It has been generally accepted that the inflammatory cells, as well as myofibers, are sources of reactive species which are, in turn, able to amplify the activation of proinflammatory pathways. However, the precise mechanism underlining the physiopathologic interplay between ROS generation and inflammatory response has to be fully clarified. Thus, the identification of key molecular players in the interconnected pathogenic network between the two processes might help to design more specific therapeutic approaches for degenerative diseases. Here, we investigated whether elevated circulating levels of the proinflammatory cytokine Interleukin-6 (IL-6) are sufficient to perturb the physiologic redox balance in skeletal muscle, independently of tissue damage and inflammatory response. We observed that the overexpression of circulating IL-6 enhances the generation and accumulation of free radicals in the diaphragm muscle of adult NSE/IL-6 mice, by deregulating redox-associated molecular circuits and impinging the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (Nrf2-) mediated antioxidant response. Our findings are coherent with a model in which uncontrolled levels of IL-6 in the bloodstream can influence the local redox homeostasis, inducing the establishment of prooxidative conditions in skeletal muscle tissue.
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Ravara B, Zampieri S, Kern H, Carraro U. Blood contamination, a problem or a lucky chance to analyze non-invasively Myokines in mouth fluids? Eur J Transl Myol 2019; 29:8713. [PMID: 31908751 PMCID: PMC6926435 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2019.8713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Use of saliva in clinical studies are increasing to identify methods less invasive than blood sampling in search for systemic changes of biomarkers related to physical activity, aging, late aging and rehabilitation. The consensus is that the diagnostic value of whole saliva is compromised by the presence of blood, but we are looking at the contamination as a major opportunity for non-invasive analyses of serological biomarkers. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the presence of serum in mouth fluids of healthy seniors and the eventual changes after a modest trauma, i.e., tooth brushing. Seven heathy persons, aged more than 65 years, drooling saliva in a test tube provided the fluids for the analyses. After low speed centrifugation, small aliquots of supernatants were frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80° until use. Aliquots were thawed and used for quantification by the Lowry method of total proteins and by colorimetric ELISA of serum albumin, fibrinogen and lysozyme. Hemoglobin content was quantified by Spectrophotometry. Adjustment of saliva dilution, after a preliminary test, increased the homogeneity of the analytes’ content determined by colorimetric ELISA. The control reference to judge the quantity of serum in saliva was a pool of sera from age-matched healthy persons. Saliva collected from the seven healthy elderly person before and after tooth-and-gum, brushing presented measurable amount of the analytes, including fibrinogen, a minor component of the pooled sera. Tooth brushing did not induced statistically significant difference in analytes’ contents, suggesting that a measurable blood contamination is a frequent event in elderly persons. In conclusion, fibrinogen analysis in saliva is a promising approach to quantify serological biomarkers by a non-invasive procedure that will increase acceptability and frequency of analyses during follow-up in aging and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ravara
- CIR-Myo, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Italy.,A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- CIR-Myo, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Italy.,Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Rehabilitation Research, St Pölten, Austria.,Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Prim. Dr. H Kern GmbH, Amstetten, Austria.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Rehabilitation Research, St Pölten, Austria.,Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Prim. Dr. H Kern GmbH, Amstetten, Austria
| | - Ugo Carraro
- CIR-Myo, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology, University of Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences (DSB), University of Padova, Italy.,A&C M-C Foundation for Translational Myology, Padova, Italy
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50
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Sorrentino S, Barbiera A, Proietti G, Sica G, Adamo S, Scicchitano BM. Inhibition of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Protein Kinase B Signaling Hampers the Vasopressin-dependent Stimulation of Myogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174188. [PMID: 31461843 PMCID: PMC6747374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) promotes muscle differentiation, hypertrophy, and regeneration through the combined activation of the calcineurin and Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase (CaMK) pathways. The AVP system is impaired in several neuromuscular diseases, suggesting that AVP may act as a physiological factor in skeletal muscle. Since the Phosphoinositide 3-kinases/Protein Kinase B/mammalian Target Of Rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling plays a significant role in regulating muscle mass, we evaluated its role in the AVP myogenic effect. In L6 cells AKT1 expression was knocked down, and the AVP-dependent expression of mTOR and Forkhead box O3 (FoxO) was analyzed by Western blotting. The effect of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 was evaluated by cellular and molecular techniques. Akt knockdown hampered the AVP-dependent mTOR expression while increased the levels of FoxO transcription factor. LY294002 treatment inhibited the AVP-dependent expression of Myocyte Enhancer Factor-2 (MEF2) and myogenin and prevented the nuclear translocation of MEF2. LY294002 also repressed the AVP-dependent nuclear export of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) interfering with the formation of multifactorial complexes on the myogenin promoter. We demonstrate that the PI3K/Akt pathway is essential for the full myogenic effect of AVP and that, by targeting this pathway, one may highlight novel strategies to counteract muscle wasting in aging or neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Sorrentino
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Barbiera
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Gabriella Proietti
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Sergio Adamo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Anatomiche, Istologiche, Medico-legali e dell'Apparato Locomotore (SAIMLAL), Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia Medica, Sapienza Università, via A. Scarpa 16, 00161 Roma, Italy.
| | - Bianca Maria Scicchitano
- Istituto di Istologia ed Embriologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Roma, Italy
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