1
|
Kamurasi I, Bartlett K, Holyk T, Rathburn B, Moecke DP, Winter A, Camp PG. Prevalence of indoor air pollutants from First Nation homes in North Central British Columbia, Canada. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2389612. [PMID: 39175151 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2389612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Poor indoor air quality poses significant health risks. This study addresses the gap in knowledge regarding the prevalence of indoor air pollutants in remote and rural First Nation communities in north-central British Columbia, Canada. Dust samples from 75 homes were collected and analysed for house dust mites, pet allergens, mould antigens, and bacterial endotoxins. Indoor air quality parameters, including carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, particulate matter, temperature, and humidity, were measured. A detailed questionnaire on household characteristics and potential pollutant sources was administered. Homes exhibited exposure to multiple pollutants, with wood stove smoke identified as a primary source. Felis domesticus (cat allergen) and Canis familiaris (dog allergen) were prevalent, with detectable levels in 64% and 60% of homes, respectively. Bacterial endotoxins were present in all households. One-third of homes exceeded recommended thresholds for 3 or more pollutants. This study provides critical insights into the prevalence and magnitude of indoor air pollutants, contributing to a broader initiative to characterise respiratory health in First Nations communities. While many homes in First Nations communities had acceptable air quality, one-third of homes exceeded thresholds for 3 or more pollutants. The results can guide ongoing community efforts to address housing concerns and advocate for increased federal funding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kamurasi
- Experimental Medicine Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Karen Bartlett
- School of Population & Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Travis Holyk
- Health Services, Carrier Sekani Family Services, Prince George, Canada
| | - Benna Rathburn
- Health Services, Carrier Sekani Family Services, Prince George, Canada
| | - Débora Petry Moecke
- Rehabilitation Sciences Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ashley Winter
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pat G Camp
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu S, Pan Z, Guo Y, Zhou Q, Wang Q, Pan S, Li L. Associations between abnormal sleep behavior and indoor environmental risk factors among children with a chronic cough in Wuxi, China: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:533. [PMID: 39164656 PMCID: PMC11334513 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor environmental factors, such as pet ownership, presence of cockroaches, mattress quality, fuel usage (gas or electricity), use of biomass for cooking and heating, exposure to tobacco smoke or household molds can significantly affect the sleep quality of children with chronic cough. However, data regarding the effects of indoor environmental conditions on sleep in this population are limited. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of abnormal sleep behaviors and to establish associations between indoor environmental factors and sleep behaviors among children with chronic cough in Wuxi, China. METHODS A cross-sectional design was employed in this study, involving children aged 3-18 years. Data on sociodemographic factors, allergies, home environmental exposures, and sleep characteristics of the participants were collected using paper-based questionnaires. The association between indoor environmental factors and sleep behaviors in children with chronic cough was analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that the prevalence of chronic cough among children in Wuxi was 15.50%. The chronic cough group exhibited a significantly higher incidence of eczema, wheezing, rhinitis, food allergy, and nasosinusitis than the non-chronic cough group. In addition, children with chronic cough also tended to have a family history of sleep disorders and adenoid hypertrophy (P < 0.01). After adjusting for confounding factors, a significant association was observed between bruxism (teeth grinding) and chronic cough (sometimes: odds ratio [OR] = 1.04; confidence interval [CI] = 1.01-1.08; always: OR = 1.11; CI = 1.04-1.19; P < 0.01). Among children with chronic cough, recent home decoration was associated with sleepwalking (OR = 1.04; CI = 1.00-1.07; P < 0.05), mold exposure was associated with bruxism (OR = 1.15; CI = 1.0-1.31; P < 0.05), and carpet use at home was associated with apnea (OR = 1.09; CI = 1.02-1.17; P < 0.05), twitching during sleep (OR = 1.13; CI = 1.00-1.27; P < 0.01) and morning headache (OR = 1.14; CI = 1.05-1.23; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Children with chronic cough are more prone to some abnormal sleep behaviors than children without chronic cough. Household decoration within a year, household mold exposure, and carpet use were all significantly positively associated with abnormal sleep behaviors in children with chronic cough. Our study provides novel insights into the impact of the indoor environment on children's sleep and the occurrence of chronic cough, offering guidance for tailored health promotion programs for families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Clinical Allergy Center, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), Wuxi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Clinical Allergy Center, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), Wuxi, China
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yun Guo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Clinical Allergy Center, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), Wuxi, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Clinical Allergy Center, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), Wuxi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Clinical Allergy Center, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), Wuxi, China
| | - Shanshan Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Clinical Allergy Center, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), Wuxi, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine & Clinical Allergy Center, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Jiangnan University (Wuxi Children's Hospital), Wuxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ahmed MA, Mahmoud SA, Mohamed AA. Unveiling the photocatalytic potential of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3N 4): a state-of-the-art review. RSC Adv 2024; 14:25629-25662. [PMID: 39148759 PMCID: PMC11325859 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04234d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)-based materials have emerged as promising photocatalysts due to their unique band structure, excellent stability, and environmental friendliness. This review provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the current state of research on g-C3N4-based photocatalysts. The review summarizes several strategies to improve the photocatalytic performance of pristine g-C3N4, e.g., by creating heterojunctions, doping with non-metallic and metallic materials, co-catalyst loading, tuning catalyst morphology, metal deposition, and nitrogen-defect engineering. The review also highlights the various characterization techniques employed to elucidate the structural and physicochemical features of g-C3N4-based catalysts, as well as their applications of in photocatalytic degradation and hydrogen production, emphasizing their remarkable performance in pollutants' removal and clean energy generation. Furthermore, this review article investigates the effect of operational parameters on the catalytic activity and efficiency of g-C3N4-based catalysts, shedding light on the key factors that influence their performance. The review also provides insights into the photocatalytic pathways and reaction mechanisms involving g-C3N4 based photocatalysts. The review also identifies the research gaps and challenges in the field and presents prospects for the development and utilization of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts. Overall, this comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the synthesis, characterization, applications, and prospects of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts, offering guidance for future research and technological advancements in this rapidly growing field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A Ahmed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo-11566 Egypt
| | - Safwat A Mahmoud
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University Arar 13211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo-11566 Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park D, Ha EK, Jung H, Kim JH, Shin J, Kim MA, Shin YH, Jee HM, Han MY. Associations of personal urinary volatile organic compounds and lung function in children. J Asthma 2024; 61:801-807. [PMID: 38198535 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2303770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the correlation between urine VOC metabolites and airway function in children exposed to anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), notable pollutants impacting respiratory health. METHODS Out of 157 respondents, 141 completed skin prick tests, spirometry, IOS, and provided urine samples following the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC)-related questions. Allergic sensitization was assessed through skin prick tests, and airway functions were evaluated using spirometry and impulse oscillometry (IOS). Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) was recorded and FEV1/FVC ratio was calculated. Airway mechanics parameters including respiratory resistance at 5 Hz (Rrs5) mean respiratory resistance between 5 Hz and 20 Hz (Rrs5-20), were also recorded. Urine concentrations of metabolites of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylene, styrene, formaldehyde, carbon-disulfide were analyzed by gas chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy. RESULTS The median age at study participation was 7.1 (SD 0.3) years. Muconic acid (benzene metabolites) and o-methyl-hippuric acid (xylene metabolites) above medians were associated with a significant increase in Rrs5 (muconic acid: aβ = 0.150, p = .002; o-methyl-hippuric acid: aβ = 0.143, p = .023) and a decrease in FEV1/FVC (o-methyl-hippuric acid: aβ = 0.054, p = .028) compared to those below median. No associations were observed for Rrs5-20 and FEV1 between the groups categorized as above and below the median (all parameter p values > .05). CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of benzene and xylene metabolites were associated with a significant increase in Rrs5 and a decrease in FEV1/FVC, related to increased resistance and restrictive lung conditions compared to individuals with concentrations below the median.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawon Park
- Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Eun Kyo Ha
- Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeri Jung
- Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Kim
- Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeewon Shin
- Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Mi Ae Kim
- Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Youn Ho Shin
- Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Mi Jee
- Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Man Yong Han
- Bundang CHA Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lakestani S. Volatile organic compounds and cancer risk assessment in an intensive care unit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00484-024-02701-w. [PMID: 39023743 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02701-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Changes caused by air-cleaning devices in the amounts of volatile organic compounds in an intensive care unit were monitored in the study. The cancer risk and hazard index were calculated. The measurements were made for one month at isolated room and two different points and times in the intensive care unit. According to the sampling program, the air-cleaning devices were turned off in weeks 1 and 4 and turned on in weeks 2 and 3. Volatile organic compounds were collected by active sampling. Samples were analyzed by a thermal desorber coupled to a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument with selective ion monitoring. The results showed that the concentrations of benzene, toluene, and o-xylene decreased by about 70% after the air-cleaning devices were installed. The cancer risk assessment for naphthalene was recorded at the highest level of cancer risk (Class A). The hazard index value of naphthalene was recorded at the harmful level when air-cleaning devices were not installed. The concentrations of benzene (p = 0.01), toluene (p = 0.02), ethylbenzene (p = 0.02), styrene (p = 0.01), and m, p-xylene (p = 0.04) before the air-cleaning devices were installed were significantly different from those recorded when the air-cleaning devices were turned on.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Lakestani
- Scientific Industrial and Technological Application and Research Center, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, 14030, Golkoy, Bolu, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen F, Zhang W, Mfarrej MFB, Saleem MH, Khan KA, Ma J, Raposo A, Han H. Breathing in danger: Understanding the multifaceted impact of air pollution on health impacts. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116532. [PMID: 38850696 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Air pollution, a pervasive environmental threat that spans urban and rural landscapes alike, poses significant risks to human health, exacerbating respiratory conditions, triggering cardiovascular problems, and contributing to a myriad of other health complications across diverse populations worldwide. This article delves into the multifarious impacts of air pollution, utilizing cutting-edge research methodologies and big data analytics to offer a comprehensive overview. It highlights the emergence of new pollutants, their sources, and characteristics, thereby broadening our understanding of contemporary air quality challenges. The detrimental health effects of air pollution are examined thoroughly, emphasizing both short-term and long-term impacts. Particularly vulnerable populations are identified, underscoring the need for targeted health risk assessments and interventions. The article presents an in-depth analysis of the global disease burden attributable to air pollution, offering a comparative perspective that illuminates the varying impacts across different regions. Furthermore, it addresses the economic ramifications of air pollution, quantifying health and economic losses, and discusses the implications for public policy and health care systems. Innovative air pollution intervention measures are explored, including case studies demonstrating their effectiveness. The paper also brings to light recent discoveries and insights in the field, setting the stage for future research directions. It calls for international cooperation in tackling air pollution and underscores the crucial role of public awareness and education in mitigating its impacts. This comprehensive exploration serves not only as a scientific discourse but also as a clarion call for action against the invisible but insidious threat of air pollution, making it a vital read for researchers, policymakers, and the general public.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu Chen
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Wanyue Zhang
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Manar Fawzi Bani Mfarrej
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Sustainability, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Applied College, Center of Bee Research and its Products, Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, and Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jing Ma
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, Lisboa 1749-024, Portugal
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Gwanjin-Gu, Seoul 143-747, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sidaraite R, Baltakys K, Jaskunas A, Naslenas N, Slavinskas D, Slavinskas E, Dambrauskas T. Kinetic Study and Catalytic Activity of Cr 3+ Catalyst Supported on Calcium Silicate Hydrates for VOC Oxidation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3489. [PMID: 39063781 PMCID: PMC11278306 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are pollutants that pose significant health and environmental risks, necessitating effective mitigation strategies. Catalytic oxidation emerges as a viable method for converting VOCs into non-toxic end products. This study focuses on synthesizing a catalyst based on calcium silicate hydrates with chromium ions in the CaO-SiO2-Cr(NO3)3-H2O system under hydrothermal conditions and evaluating its thermal stability and catalytic performance. A catalyst with varying concentrations of chromium ions (10, 25, 50, 100 mg/g Cr3+) was synthesized in unstirred suspensions under saturated steam pressure at a temperature of 220 °C. Isothermal curing durations were 8 h, 16 h, and 48 h. Results of X-ray diffraction and atomic absorption spectroscopy showed that hydrothermal synthesis is effective for incorporating up to 100 mg/g Cr3+ into calcium silicate hydrates. The catalyst with Cr3+ ions (50 mg/g) remained stable up to 550 °C, beyond which chromatite was formed. Catalytic oxidation experiments with propanol and propyl acetate revealed that the Cr3+ catalyst supported on calcium silicate hydrates enhances oxygen exchange during the heterogeneous oxidation process. Kinetic calculations indicated that the synthesized catalyst is active, with an activation energy lower than 65 kJ/mol. This study highlights the potential of Cr3+-intercalated calcium silicate hydrates as efficient catalysts for VOC oxidation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramune Sidaraite
- Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Kestutis Baltakys
- Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.S.); (T.D.)
| | - Andrius Jaskunas
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (N.N.)
| | - Nedas Naslenas
- Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (A.J.); (N.N.)
| | | | - Edvinas Slavinskas
- JSC “Bio-Techno Line”, Juostos 5, Trakiskis, LT-38102 Panevezys, Lithuania
| | - Tadas Dambrauskas
- Department of Silicate Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu 19, LT-50270 Kaunas, Lithuania; (R.S.); (T.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dong H, Wang X, Xiao N, Yang X, Zhang X, Niu P, Chen T. Association between volatile organic compounds exposure and periodontitis: A representative cross-sectional study. J Clin Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 39004511 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM Periodontitis is one of the most common oral diseases and a major cause of tooth loss in adults. Environmental pollution is closely associated with the prevalence of periodontitis. However, few studies have focused on the association between volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and periodontitis. This cross-sectional study aims to examine whether exposure to VOCs is associated with periodontitis, based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011-2014). MATERIALS AND METHODS We analysed data on blood VOC levels, periodontitis and related covariates from 2772 participants of the NHANES. The association between the blood VOCs and periodontitis was analysed using weighted logistic regression analysis, the restricted cubic spline (RCS) model and the weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression model. Interaction tests and mediation analysis were also conducted. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, for each natural constant-fold increase in 1,4-dichlorobenzene, the odds of having periodontitis increased by 16% (odds ratio = 1.16; 95% confidence interval: 1.08-1.24, p < .001). WQS regression model indicated that 1,4-dichlorobenzene contributed the most to the association between VOC co-exposure and periodontitis. Mediation analysis further revealed that total bilirubin levels mediated the association between 1,4-dichlorobenzene and the prevalence of periodontitis, accounting for 4.32%. In addition, the positive association between o-xylene and periodontitis was more pronounced in the <65-year-old group. CONCLUSIONS This study has provided relatively little evidence to demonstrate a specific link between VOCs and periodontitis. Nonetheless, exposure to VOCs remains a non-negligible public health concern, and further research is required to investigate the association and potential mechanisms of action between VOCs and periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Xiao
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Piye Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu X, Chang Y, Xu C, Li Y, Wang Y, Sun Y, Duan M, Li W, Cui J. Association of volatile organic compound levels with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in NHANES 2013-2016. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16085. [PMID: 38992113 PMCID: PMC11239907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent a significant component of air pollution. However, studies evaluating the impact of VOC exposure on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have predominantly focused on single pollutant models. This study aims to comprehensively assess the relationship between multiple VOC exposures and COPD. A large cross-sectional study was conducted on 4983 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Four models, including weighted logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), weighted quantile sum regression (WQS), and the dual-pollution model, were used to explore the association between blood VOC levels and the prevalence of COPD in the U.S. general population. Additionally, six machine learning algorithms were employed to develop a predictive model for COPD risk, with the model's predictive capacity assessed using the area under the curve (AUC) indices. Elevated blood concentrations of benzene, toluene, ortho-xylene, and para-xylene were significantly associated with the incidence of COPD. RCS analysis further revealed a non-linear and non-monotonic relationship between blood levels of toluene and m-p-xylene with COPD prevalence. WQS regression indicated that different VOCs had varying effects on COPD, with benzene and ortho-xylene having the greatest weights. Among the six models, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model demonstrated the strongest predictive power, with an AUC value of 0.781. Increased blood concentrations of benzene and toluene are significantly correlated with a higher prevalence of COPD in the U.S. population, demonstrating a non-linear relationship. Exposure to environmental VOCs may represent a new risk factor in the etiology of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangliang Liu
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yu Chang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chengyao Xu
- Jilin Provincial Institute for Drug Control, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yuguang Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yao Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Jilin Provincial Institute for Drug Control, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Meilin Duan
- Jilin Provincial Institute for Drug Control, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Wei Li
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, No.1 Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim HJ, Lee JH, Kwon SY, Kwon YJ, Park MS, Kim KH, Shin CH, Joo JC, Park SJ. Effect of a Combination of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KC3 and Leonurus japonicus Extracts in Respiratory Discomfort: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:2128. [PMID: 38999876 PMCID: PMC11243513 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The increased global prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases in recent years has caused a substantial public health burden. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum KC3 and Leonurus japonicus Houtt. (LJH) extracts can alleviate respiratory symptoms and improve lung function in vitro and in vivo. However, the clinical efficacy and safety profile of this combination in patients with respiratory diseases remain unclear. Therefore, this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of L. plantarum KC3 and LJH extracts in adults with respiratory discomfort. This mixture was termed 'CKDB-315'. Participants, randomly assigned to the CKDB-315 or placebo groups, were treated for 12 weeks. Assessments included the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test (CAT). The CKDB-315 group showed considerably improved SGRQ and CAT scores compared with the placebo group. Secondary outcomes, including dyspnea, pulmonary function, total antioxidant status, and inflammatory cytokine levels, were consistent with the primary outcomes. Exploratory analyses of the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acid contents revealed the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of CKDB-315. Finally, safety analysis indicated that CKDB-315 was well tolerated and caused few adverse events. Our findings indicate that CKDB-315 is a promising therapeutic option for respiratory discomfort in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 54986, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Kwon
- CKD BiO Research Institute, 8 Chungjeong-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03742, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Kwon
- CKD BiO Research Institute, 8 Chungjeong-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03742, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Park
- CKD BiO Research Institute, 8 Chungjeong-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- CKD BiO Research Institute, 8 Chungjeong-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03742, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hun Shin
- CKD BiO Research Institute, 8 Chungjeong-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheon Joo
- Department of Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan-si 54538, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Park
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si 55338, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Agache I, Canelo-Aybar C, Annesi-Maesano I, Cecchi L, Biagioni B, Chung F, D'Amato G, Damialis A, Del Giacco S, De Las Vecillas L, Dominguez-Ortega J, Galàn C, Gilles S, Giovannini M, Holgate S, Jeebhay M, Nadeau K, Papadopoulos N, Quirce S, Sastre J, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Walusiak-Skorupa J, Sousa-Pinto B, Salazar J, Rodríguez-Tanta LY, Cantero Y, Montesinos-Guevara C, Song Y, Alvarado-Gamarra G, Sola I, Alonso-Coello P, Nieto-Gutierrez W, Jutel M, Akdis CA. The impact of indoor pollution on asthma-related outcomes: A systematic review for the EAACI guidelines on environmental science for allergic diseases and asthma. Allergy 2024; 79:1761-1788. [PMID: 38366695 DOI: 10.1111/all.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Systematic review using GRADE of the impact of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), cleaning agents, mould/damp, pesticides on the risk of (i) new-onset asthma (incidence) and (ii) adverse asthma-related outcomes (impact). MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched for indoor pollutant exposure studies reporting on new-onset asthma and critical and important asthma-related outcomes. Ninety four studies were included: 11 for VOCs (7 for incidenceand 4 for impact), 25 for cleaning agents (7 for incidenceand 8 for impact), 48 for damp/mould (26 for incidence and 22 for impact) and 10 for pesticides (8 for incidence and 2 for impact). Exposure to damp/mould increases the risk of new-onset wheeze (moderate certainty evidence). Exposure to cleaning agents may be associated with a higher risk of new-onset asthma and with asthma severity (low level of certainty). Exposure to pesticides and VOCs may increase the risk of new-onset asthma (very low certainty evidence). The impact on asthma-related outcomes of all major indoor pollutants is uncertain. As the level of certainty is low or very low for most of the available evidence on the impact of indoor pollutants on asthma-related outcomes more rigorous research in the field is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Carlos Canelo-Aybar
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabella Annesi-Maesano
- Institute Desbrest of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Montpellier and INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Lorenzo Cecchi
- Centre of Bioclimatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Benedetta Biagioni
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro D'Amato
- Respiratory Disease Department, Hospital Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
- Medical School of Respiratory Allergy, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Athanasios Damialis
- Department of Ecology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Leticia De Las Vecillas
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Dominguez-Ortega
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Galàn
- Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, International Campus of Excellence on Agrifood (ceiA3), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Stefanie Gilles
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Mattia Giovannini
- Allergy Unit, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stephen Holgate
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mohamed Jeebhay
- Occupational Medicine Division and Centre for Environmental & Occupational Health Research, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kari Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Center for Climate, Health, and the Global Environment, Climate and Population Studies, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Second Pediatric Clinic, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Santiago Quirce
- Department of Allergy, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Sastre
- Allergy Service, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Faculty of Medicine Universidad Autónoma de Madrid and CIBERES, Instituto Carlos III, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich -German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany
- Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Jolanta Walusiak-Skorupa
- Department of Occupational Diseases and Environmental Health, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bernardo Sousa-Pinto
- MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Josefina Salazar
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L Yesenia Rodríguez-Tanta
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yahveth Cantero
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Camila Montesinos-Guevara
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Pública y Epidemiología Clínica (CISPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Yang Song
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giancarlo Alvarado-Gamarra
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ivan Sola
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Alonso-Coello
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Wendy Nieto-Gutierrez
- Institut de Recerca Sant Pau (IR SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro Cochrane Iberoamericano, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, and ALL-MED Medical Research Institute, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Long GA, Xu Q, Sunkara J, Woodbury R, Brown K, Huang JJ, Xie Z, Chen X, Fu XA, Huang J. A comprehensive meta-analysis and systematic review of breath analysis in detection of COVID-19 through Volatile organic compounds. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116309. [PMID: 38692202 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic had profound global impacts on daily lives, economic stability, and healthcare systems. Diagnosis of COVID-19 infection via RT-PCR was crucial in reducing spread of disease and informing treatment management. While RT-PCR is a key diagnostic test, there is room for improvement in the development of diagnostic criteria. Identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath provides a fast, reliable, and economically favorable alternative for disease detection. METHODS This meta-analysis analyzed the diagnostic performance of VOC-based breath analysis in detection of COVID-19 infection. A systematic review of twenty-nine papers using the grading criteria from Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and PRISMA guidelines was conducted. RESULTS The cumulative results showed a sensitivity of 0.92 (95 % CI, 90 %-95 %) and a specificity of 0.90 (95 % CI 87 %-93 %). Subgroup analysis by variant demonstrated strong sensitivity to the original strain compared to the Omicron and Delta variant in detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. An additional subgroup analysis of detection methods showed eNose technology had the highest sensitivity when compared to GC-MS, GC-IMS, and high sensitivity-MS. CONCLUSION Overall, these results support the use of breath analysis as a new detection method of COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Long
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Qian Xu
- Biometrics and Data Science, Fosun Pharma, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jahnavi Sunkara
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Reagan Woodbury
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Katherine Brown
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Zhenzhen Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Xiao-An Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA..
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nassikas NJ, Horner E, Rice MB. Indoor air: Guidelines, policies, and regulation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024:S0091-6749(24)00671-7. [PMID: 38950793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Nassikas
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass.
| | | | - Mary B Rice
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Mass
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Salonen H, Salthammer T, Castagnoli E, Täubel M, Morawska L. Cleaning products: Their chemistry, effects on indoor air quality, and implications for human health. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 190:108836. [PMID: 38917624 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The use of cleaning and disinfecting products both at work and at home increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Those products often include surfactants, acids/bases, carcinogens such as chloroform, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as cyclosiloxanes, phthalates, and synthetic fragrances, which may cause harmful health effects among professional cleaners as well as among people exposed at home or in their workplaces. The aim of this study was to synthesize the effects of the commonly used chemical, surface cleaning and disinfecting products on indoor air quality, focusing on chemical and particulate matter pollutants, exposure, and human health in residential and public buildings. We also provide a summary of recommendations to avoid harmful exposure and suggest future research directions. PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS) were used to search the literature. Analysis of the literature revealed that the use of cleaning products and disinfectants increase occupants' exposure to a variety of harmful chemical air contaminants and to particulate matter. Occupational exposure to cleaning and disinfectant products has been linked to an increased risk of asthma and rhinitis. Residential exposure to cleaning products has been shown to have an adverse effect on respiratory health, particularly on asthma onset, and on the occurrence of asthma(-like) symptoms among children and adults. Efforts to reduce occupants' exposure to cleaning chemicals will require lowering the content of hazardous substances in cleaning products and improving ventilation during and after cleaning. Experimentally examined, best cleaning practices as well as careful selection of cleaning products can minimize the burden of harmful air pollutant exposure indoors. In addition, indirect ways to reduce exposure include increasing people's awareness of the harmfulness of cleaning chemicals and of safe cleaning practices, as well as clear labelling of cleaning and disinfecting products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Salonen
- Aalto University (Aalto), Department of Civil Engineering, PO Box 12100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland; Queensland University of Technology (QUT), International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (WHO CC for Air Quality and Health), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia.
| | - Tunga Salthammer
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (WHO CC for Air Quality and Health), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Fraunhofer WKI, Department of Material Analysis and Indoor Chemistry, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Emmanuelle Castagnoli
- Aalto University (Aalto), Department of Civil Engineering, PO Box 12100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Martin Täubel
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department Health Security, Environmental Health Unit, PO Box 95, FIN-70701 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lidia Morawska
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (WHO CC for Air Quality and Health), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Curtis KL, Chang A, Johnston JD, Beard JD, Collingwood SC, LeCheminant JD, Peterson NE, South AJ, Farnsworth CB, Sanjel S, Bikman BT, Arroyo JA, Reynolds PR. Differential Inflammatory Cytokine Elaboration in Serum from Brick Kiln Workers in Bhaktapur, Nepal. Diseases 2024; 12:129. [PMID: 38920561 PMCID: PMC11203241 DOI: 10.3390/diseases12060129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies involving workers at brick kilns in the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal have investigated chronic exposure to hazardous levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) common in ambient and occupational environments. Such exposures are known to cause and/or exacerbate chronic respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the status of systemic inflammation observed in exposed workers at brick manufacturing facilities within the country. In the current study, we sought to elucidate systemic inflammatory responses by quantifying the molecular cytokine/chemokine profiles in serum from the study participants. A sample of participants were screened from a kiln in Bhaktapur, Nepal (n = 32; 53% female; mean ± standard deviation: 28.42 ± 11.47 years old) and grouped according to job category. Blood was procured from participants on-site, allowed to clot at room temperature, and centrifuged to obtain total serum. A human cytokine antibody array was used to screen the inflammatory mediators in serum samples from each of the participants. For the current study, four job categories were evaluated with n = 8 for each. Comparisons were generated between a control group of administration workers vs. fire master workers, administration workers vs. green brick hand molders, and administration workers vs. top loaders. We discovered significantly increased concentrations of eotaxin-1, eotaxin-2, GCSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TGF-β1, TNF-α, and TIMP-2 in serum samples from fire master workers vs. administration workers (p < 0.05). Each of these molecules was also significantly elevated in serum from green brick hand molders compared to administration workers (p < 0.05). Further, each molecule in the inflammatory screening with the exception of TIMP-2 was significantly elevated in serum from top loaders compared to administration workers (p < 0.05). With few exceptions, the fire master workers expressed significantly more systemic inflammatory molecular abundance when compared to all other job categories. These results reveal an association between pulmonary exposure to PM2.5 and systemic inflammatory responses likely mediated by cytokine/chemokine elaboration. The additional characterization of a broader array of inflammatory molecules may provide valuable insight into the susceptibility to lung diseases among this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L. Curtis
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Ashley Chang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - James D. Johnston
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - John D. Beard
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Scott C. Collingwood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Rocky Mountain Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - James D. LeCheminant
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Neil E. Peterson
- College of Nursing, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Andrew J. South
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Clifton B. Farnsworth
- Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Seshananda Sanjel
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Karnali Academy of Health Sciences, Jumla 21200, Nepal
| | - Benjamin T. Bikman
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Juan A. Arroyo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Paul R. Reynolds
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Iyengar A, Hanon S, Bruns R, Olsiewski P, Gronvall GK. COVID-19 Mitigation in a K-12 School Setting: A Case Study of Avenues: The World School in New York City. Health Secur 2024; 22:210-222. [PMID: 38624262 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In this case study, we describe a well-resourced private school in New York City that implemented COVID-19 mitigation measures based on public health expert guidance and the lessons learned from this process. Avenues opened in New York City in 2012 and has since expanded, becoming Avenues: The World School, with campuses in São Paulo, Brazil; Shenzhen, China; the Silicon Valley, California; and online. It offers education at 16 grade levels: 2 early learning years, followed by a prekindergarten through grade 12. We describe the mitigation measures that Avenues implemented on its New York campus. We compare COVID-19 case prevalence at the school with COVID-19 case positivity in New York City, as reported by the New York State Department of Health. We also compare the school's indoor air quality to ambient indoor air quality measures reported in the literature. The school's mitigation measures successfully reduced the prevalence of COVID-19 among its students, staff, and faculty. The school also established a consistently high level of indoor air quality safety through various ventilation mechanisms, designed to reduce common indoor air pollutants. The school received positive parent and community feedback on the policies and procedures it established, with many parents commenting on the high level of trust and quality of communication established by the school. The successful reopening provides useful data for school closure and reopening standards to prepare for future pandemic and epidemic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Iyengar
- Ananya Iyengar, MSPH, was a Graduate Research Assistant, at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Baltimore, MD
| | - Steve Hanon
- Steve Hanon, MBA, is Chief Campus Operations Officer, Avenues: The World School, New York, NY
| | - Richard Bruns
- Richard Bruns, PhD, is a Senior Scholar, at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Baltimore, MD, Richard Bruns is also an Assistant Scientist, the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Paula Olsiewski
- Paula Olsiewski, PhD, is a Contributing Scholar, at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Baltimore, MD
| | - Gigi Kwik Gronvall
- Gigi Kwik Gronvall, PhD, is a Senior Scholar, at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, Baltimore, MD, Gigi Kwik Gronvall is also an Associate Professor, in the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Meldrum K, Evans SJ, Burgum MJ, Doak SH, Clift MJD. Determining the toxicological effects of indoor air pollution on both a healthy and an inflammatory-comprised model of the alveolar epithelial barrier in vitro. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:25. [PMID: 38760786 PMCID: PMC11100169 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Exposure to indoor air pollutants (IAP) has increased recently, with people spending more time indoors (i.e. homes, offices, schools and transportation). Increased exposures of IAP on a healthy population are poorly understood, and those with allergic respiratory conditions even less so. The objective of this study, therefore, was to implement a well-characterised in vitro model of the human alveolar epithelial barrier (A549 + PMA differentiated THP-1 incubated with and without IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4) to determine the effects of a standardised indoor particulate (NIST 2583) on both a healthy lung model and one modelling a type-II (stimulated with IL-13, IL-5 and IL-4) inflammatory response (such as asthma).Using concentrations from the literature, and an environmentally appropriate exposure we investigated 232, 464 and 608ng/cm2 of NIST 2583 respectively. Membrane integrity (blue dextran), viability (trypan blue), genotoxicity (micronucleus (Mn) assay) and (pro-)/(anti-)inflammatory effects (IL-6, IL-8, IL-33, IL-10) were then assessed 24 h post exposure to both models. Models were exposed using a physiologically relevant aerosolisation method (VitroCell Cloud 12 exposure system).No changes in Mn frequency or membrane integrity in either model were noted when exposed to any of the tested concentrations of NIST 2583. A significant decrease (p < 0.05) in cell viability at the highest concentration was observed in the healthy model. Whilst cell viability in the "inflamed" model was decreased at the lower concentrations (significantly (p < 0.05) after 464ng/cm2). A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in IL-10 and a significant increase in IL-33 was seen after 24 h exposure to NIST 2583 (464, 608ng/cm2) in the "inflamed" model.Collectively, the results indicate the potential for IAP to cause the onset of a type II response as well as exacerbating pre-existing allergic conditions. Furthermore, the data imposes the importance of considering unhealthy individuals when investigating the potential health effects of IAP. It also highlights that even in a healthy population these particles have the potential to induce this type II response and initiate an immune response following exposure to IAP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Meldrum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Stephen J Evans
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Michael J Burgum
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Shareen H Doak
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Martin J D Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, Wales, SA2 8PP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Darsha Jayamini WK, Mirza F, Asif Naeem M, Chan AHY. Investigating Machine Learning Techniques for Predicting Risk of Asthma Exacerbations: A Systematic Review. J Med Syst 2024; 48:49. [PMID: 38739297 PMCID: PMC11090925 DOI: 10.1007/s10916-024-02061-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Asthma, a common chronic respiratory disease among children and adults, affects more than 200 million people worldwide and causes about 450,000 deaths each year. Machine learning is increasingly applied in healthcare to assist health practitioners in decision-making. In asthma management, machine learning excels in performing well-defined tasks, such as diagnosis, prediction, medication, and management. However, there remain uncertainties about how machine learning can be applied to predict asthma exacerbation. This study aimed to systematically review recent applications of machine learning techniques in predicting the risk of asthma attacks to assist asthma control and management. A total of 860 studies were initially identified from five databases. After the screening and full-text review, 20 studies were selected for inclusion in this review. The review considered recent studies published from January 2010 to February 2023. The 20 studies used machine learning techniques to support future asthma risk prediction by using various data sources such as clinical, medical, biological, and socio-demographic data sources, as well as environmental and meteorological data. While some studies considered prediction as a category, other studies predicted the probability of exacerbation. Only a group of studies applied prediction windows. The paper proposes a conceptual model to summarise how machine learning and available data sources can be leveraged to produce effective models for the early detection of asthma attacks. The review also generated a list of data sources that other researchers may use in similar work. Furthermore, we present opportunities for further research and the limitations of the preceding studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Widana Kankanamge Darsha Jayamini
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
- Department of Software Engineering, Faculty of Computing and Technology, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, 11300, Sri Lanka.
| | - Farhaan Mirza
- School of Engineering, Computer and Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - M Asif Naeem
- Department of Data Science & Artificial Intelligence, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (NUCES), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Amy Hai Yan Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Borghi F, Spinazzè A, Fanti G, Albareda A, Ghiraldini J, Campagnolo D, Carminati A, Keller M, Rovelli S, Zellino C, Giovanni DV, Cattaneo A, Cavallo DM. Exposure to airborne particulate matter in working from office and working from home employees. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38741242 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2352608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to quantitatively evaluate the differences, in terms of exposure to PM (particulate matter), between WFO (working-from-office) and WFH (working-from-home) conditions. Two measurement surveys were performed: a long-term and a short-term campaign, focused on the monitoring of personal exposure to size-fractionated PM in these different working conditions. Results of the long-term campaign show that the WFH subject is exposed to higher (up to 4 times) PM concentration, compared to the WFO subject. Specific activities performed by the subjects impacted their exposure concentrations, even if the most relevant contribution to total exposure was made by desk work. Results of the short-term campaign indicate that the subjects can be divided into two groups: subjects most exposed during the WFH mode (HE_H - Higher_Exposure_Home) and subjects most exposed during the WFO mode (HE_O - Higher_Exposure_Office). HE_H group is exposed to levels of pollutants up to 4 times higher in the domestic than in the office environment, during the moment of desk work. The HE_O group is exposed to higher (double) concentration levels during desk work during the WFO day. Considering the possible growing trend towards remote work it is important to evaluate these "new domestic offices" comprehensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Borghi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinazzè
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Giacomo Fanti
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Angelica Albareda
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Jacopo Ghiraldini
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Davide Campagnolo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Alessio Carminati
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Marta Keller
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rovelli
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Carolina Zellino
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - De Vito Giovanni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Andrea Cattaneo
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Como, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bozzola E, Agostiniani R, Pacifici Noja L, Park J, Lauriola P, Nicoletti T, Taruscio D, Taruscio G, Mantovani A. The impact of indoor air pollution on children's health and well-being: the experts' consensus. Ital J Pediatr 2024; 50:69. [PMID: 38616250 PMCID: PMC11017701 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-024-01631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollution of the indoor environment represents a concern for human health, mainly in case of prolonged exposure such as in the case of women, children, the elderly, and the chronically ill, who spend most of their time in closed environments. MAIN BODY The aim of the study is to organize a group of experts in order to evaluate the evidence and discuss the main risk factors concerning indoor air and the impact on human health as well as challenging factors regarding preventive strategies to reduce pollution. The experts highlighted the main risk factors concerning indoor air, including poor ventilation, climatic conditions, chemical substances, and socio-economic status. They discussed the impact on human health in terms of mortality and morbidity, as well as challenging factors regarding preventive strategies to reduce pollution. CONCLUSION The experts identified strategies that can be reinforced to reduce indoor pollution and prevent negative consequences on human health at national and local levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bozzola
- Pediatric Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Jibin Park
- Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Lauriola
- Rete Italiana Medici Sentinella per l'Ambiente (RIMSA), ISDE/FNOMCeO, Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nicoletti
- Association of the chronically ill and rare patients, Cittadinazattiva APS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lee HJ, Kim DK. Retinoic Acid Treatment Mitigates PM2.5-Induced Type 2 Inflammation: Insights into Modulation of Innate Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3856. [PMID: 38612663 PMCID: PMC11011870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Some studies have demonstrated the effects of particulate matter (PM) on chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) development, as well as the therapeutic role of retinoic acid (RA) in nasal polypogenesis. However, the immunologic effect of PM in innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and the exact mechanism of the therapeutic effect of RA remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of fine-dust-induced inflammation in CRSwNP and the mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of RA. PM2.5 exposure exacerbated pathological damage in the nasal mucosa of mice with nasal polyps (NP) via upregulation of type 2 inflammation. Additionally, PM2.5 exposure increased the expression of type 2 cytokines and epithelial-cell-derived cytokines (IL-33 and IL-25) significantly, as well as the ILC populations in human-NP-derived epithelial cells (HNECs). Moreover, RA supplementation significantly increased the expression of ILCreg in Lin-CD45+CD127+ cells, which in turn increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The findings suggest that PM2.5 exposures could aggravate the CRSwNP type 2 inflammation, and RA treatment may ameliorate fine-dust-induced inflammation by modulating the innate immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joo Lee
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong-Kyu Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24253, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu S, Zhang Z, Qin Z, Liu M, Zhao X, Cheng Y, Xue P, Wang X, Chen L, Wu Q, Ju L, Tang J. Prenatal diesel exhaust exposure alters hippocampal synaptic plasticity in offspring. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4348-4362. [PMID: 38431308 PMCID: PMC10968710 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) are major air pollutants emitted from automobile engines. Prenatal exposure to DEPs has been linked to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging. However, the specific mechanism by DEPs impair the hippocampal synaptic plasticity in the offspring remains unclear. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were administered DEPs solution via the tail vein every other day for a total of 10 injections, then the male offsprings were studied to assess learning and memory by the Morris water maze. Additionally, protein expression in the hippocampus, including CPEB3, NMDAR (NR1, NR2A, NR2B), PKA, SYP, PSD95, and p-CREB was analyzed using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The alterations in the histomorphology of the hippocampus were observed in male offspring on postnatal day 7 following prenatal exposure to DEPs. Furthermore, 8-week-old male offspring exposed to DEPs during prenatal development exhibited impairments in the Morris water maze test, indicating deficits in learning and memory. Mechanistically, the findings from our study indicate that exposure to DEPs during pregnancy may alter the expression of CPEB3, SYP, PSD95, NMDAR (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B), PKA, and p-CREB in the hippocampus of both immature and mature male offspring. The results offer evidence for the role of the NMDAR/PKA/CREB and CPEB3 signaling pathway in mediating the learning and memory toxicity of DEPs in male offspring mice. The alterations in signaling pathways may contribute to the observed damage to synaptic structure and transmission function plasticity caused by DEPs. The findings hold potential for informing future safety assessments of DEPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shali Yu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Ziyu Qin
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Meijun Liu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xiaoye Zhao
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Yulan Cheng
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Qiyun Wu
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Linling Ju
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Nantong Third People’s Hospital, Affiliated Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong Hospital 3 of Nantong University, Nantong 226006, China
| | - Juan Tang
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Toxicology, Nantong Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cong X, Li A, Guo F, Qin H, Zhang X, Wang W, Xu W. Construction of CdS@g-C 3N 4 heterojunction photocatalyst for highly efficient degradation of gaseous toluene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169777. [PMID: 38176568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Exploring efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of VOCs under visible light is a challenge. CdS@g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalytic materials were developed in this study using a microwave-assisted sol-gel process. CdS@g-C3N4(0.2) photocatalyzed the maximum degradation of gaseous toluene under visible light irradiation, and the time required to achieve the same degradation rate was reduced by 270 min when compared to pure CdS. The morphological characterization, photoelectric property analysis, and DFT calculations all verified that the CdS nanoparticles were uniformly disseminated on the surface of g-C3N4, and that the interfaces were closely contacted to form a heterojunction interface with a built-in field. This enhances charge transfer from CdS to g-C3N4 while successfully decreasing electron-hole pair recombination caused by light. Furthermore, the energy band structure was altered to absorb longer wavelengths of light and extend the absorption spectral range, improving the photocatalytic material's efficacy for broad-spectrum light such as sunshine. This paper proposes methods for predicting and optimizing the surface structure of catalysts, as well as developing high-performance multi-heterojunction photocatalysts for the degradation of indoor VOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinhang Cong
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Anming Li
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Feng Guo
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China.
| | - Haotong Qin
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Xuehan Zhang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Wenzhuang Wang
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Wenling Xu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang S, Wu X, Chen X. Detailed mechanism study of volatile organic compound decomposition and oxidation removal based on a ReaxFF MD method. RSC Adv 2024; 14:5863-5874. [PMID: 38362082 PMCID: PMC10865303 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08122b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are typical air pollutants as well as gaseous wastes that contain energy. Utilization and disposition of VOCs is currently an important research hotspot in the field of atmospheric environment. In this paper, the thermal cracking and oxidation reaction processes of typical VOCs components were modelled and analyzed by combining molecular dynamics and detailed reaction mechanisms, focusing on the effects of temperature, oxygen and other conditions on the conversion of VOCs. The results of molecular dynamics studies show that improving temperature and reaction time benefit the decomposition of VOCs. High temperatures under an inert atmosphere can sufficiently crack the VOCs themselves, but other by-products are generated, which in turn cause secondary pollution. The activation energies derived by ReaxFF-MD calculation are 328 kJ mol-1, 147 kJ mol-1 and 121 kJ mol-1 for toluene, styrene and benzaldehyde respectively, which is consistent with experimental results. Under the oxygen atmosphere, the conversion rate of VOCs is greatly increased and the reaction temperature is significantly reduced. Meanwhile, the oxidation reaction fully converts VOCs into non-polluting products such as CO2 and H2O. Detailed kinetic studies show that initial oxidation of toluene molecules raised by hydrogen abstraction reaction is the dominant step during toluene oxidation, which significantly improved the decomposition efficiency of toluene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xiaozhen Chen
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dwivedi S, Zehra F, Masih J, Gupta T, Lawrence A. Investigating the temporal dynamics of sub-micron particles and particle-bound transition metals in indoor air of a metropolitan city. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:49. [PMID: 38227135 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01786-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The present study portrays an association between particle-bound transition metals and children's health. The indoor air quality of the urban metropolitan city households was monitored for four PM sizes, namely PM1.0-2.5, PM0.50-1.0, PM0.25-0.50 and PM<0.25, in major seasons observed in the city; summer and winter. Further transition/heavy metals, viz. Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, were analysed in PM1-2.5 samples. In order to evaluate the effect, health risk assessment was performed using mathematical and computational model for assessing dermal exposure and dose estimation (multiple path particle dosimetry model version3.0). The study principally targeted the children aged 2-15 years for the health risk assessment. According to the results, for the largest particle size i.e. PM1.0-2.5 the highest deposition was in the head region (49.1%) followed by pulmonary (43.6%) and tracheobronchial region (7.2%), whereas, for the smallest particle size i.e. PM<0.25 the highest deposition was obtained in the pulmonary region (73.0%) followed by the head (13.6%) and TB region (13.2%). Also, the most imperilled group of children with highest dose accumulation was found to be children aged 8-9 years for all particle sizes. Moreover, the dermal exposure dose as evaluated was found to be preeminent for Ni, Zn and Pb. Besides, seasonal variation gesticulated towards elevated concentrations in winter relative to the summer season. Altogether, the study will provide a conception to the researchers in the fields mounting season-specific guidelines and mitigation approaches. Conclusively, the study commends future work focussing on defining the effects of other chemical components on particles and associated transition metal composition along with proper extenuation of the same.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samridhi Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, India
| | - Farheen Zehra
- Department of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, India
| | - Jamson Masih
- Department of Chemistry, Wilson College, Mumbai, India
| | - Tarun Gupta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
| | - Alfred Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Senos R. Plastinate Library: A Tool to Support Veterinary Anatomy Learning. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:223. [PMID: 38254392 PMCID: PMC10812824 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The shortage of both time for anatomy courses in the new veterinary medicine curriculum and instructors prepared to teach biomedical sciences has raised a crisis in anatomical education. Often, students spend time out of their classes trying to learn not only concepts but also laboratory-wise content from 2D materials such as books and videos. In addition, since the global COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, studying and habits have been reviewed, with many people adopting an at-home style. The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' acceptance of taking plastinate anatomical specimens to study at home. Thirty-three students were divided into three groups. G1 took home a set of kidneys composed of equine, bovine, and swine materials; G2 took home a pig kidney; and G3 (control) did not take any plastinate specimen home. Acceptance was assessed using an anonymous survey and interview. The method had high acceptance by the students, who believed that having the plastinate library was advantageous from different perspectives, including aiding with learning the differences between kidneys from different species, time flexibility, no commute to study after hours of laboratory classes, and time redistribution to prioritize the laboratory topics. The plastinate library has the potential to be a supportive tool for anatomy students in the contemporaneous veterinary curriculum paradigm, considering that the G1 and G2 groups used the plastinate specimens at home to complement the time they spent in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Senos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, 200 Westboro Road, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
González-Ruíz J, A Baccarelli A, Cantu-de-Leon D, Prada D. Air Pollution and Lung Cancer: Contributions of Extracellular Vesicles as Pathogenic Mechanisms and Clinical Utility. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023; 10:478-489. [PMID: 38052753 PMCID: PMC10822800 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-023-00421-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review addresses the pressing issue of air pollution's threat to human health, focusing on its connection to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) development. The aim is to explore the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential pathogenic mechanisms in lung cancer, including NSCLC, induced by air pollutants. RECENT FINDINGS Recent research highlights EVs as vital mediators of intercellular communication and key contributors to cancer progression. Notably, this review emphasizes the cargo of EVs released by both cancerous and non-cancerous lung cells, shedding light on their potential role in promoting various aspects of tumor development. The review underscores the importance of comprehending the intricate interplay between air pollution, biological damage mechanisms, and EV-mediated communication during NSCLC development. Major takeaways emphasize the significance of this understanding in addressing air pollution-related lung cancer. Future research avenues are also highlighted, aiming to enhance the applicability of EVs for diagnosis and targeted therapies, ultimately mitigating the inevitable impact of air pollution on NSCLC development and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Mailman School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York City, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | - Diddier Prada
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy and the Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Institute for Health Equity Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl · (212) 241-6500, Room L2-38, New York City, NY, 10029, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin G, Chau CI, Hu H, Ung COL. Pharmacist intervention for pediatric asthma: A systematic literature review and logic model. Res Social Adm Pharm 2023; 19:1487-1510. [PMID: 37679253 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is highly prevalent in children. Evidence about pharmacist-led interventions in the management of pediatric asthma is emerging. OBJECTIVE To summarize empirical evidence of pharmacist-led interventions for pediatric asthma patients, and to identify the components of a logic model, which can inform evidence-based pharmacy practice. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase Scopus, ScienceDirect, Medline and CNKI were searched. Studies concerning pharmacist-led interventions for pediatric asthma patients with an interventional design published between January 2013 and February 2023 were selected for analysis. Literature was searched and retrieved according to PRISMA guidelines. Components of pharmacist-led interventions were compiled into a logic model comprising input, activity, output, outcome and contextual factors. RESULTS The initial search retrieved 2291 records and 35 were included in the analysis. The main interventional activities included optimising medicines use and prevention and control of asthma. Commonly reported outputs were medication adherence, knowledge and inhaler technique. The main economic outcomes included cost of medication and hospitalization; clinical outcomes included Childhood Asthma Control Test/Asthma Control Test scores and lung function in FEV1% and PEF%; humanistic outcomes included patients' quality of life and satisfaction. Social, economic, political, and technological factors were identified as contextual factors. CONCLUSION The logic model summarized components of interventions evaluated in literature. It provides a blueprint for pharmacist-led management of pediatric asthma. Further research can focus on the pharmacists' role in a multidisciplinary healthcare professional team and transition of care in patient-centered management of pediatric asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Chi Ian Chau
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Hao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Carolina Oi Lam Ung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fiter RJ, Murphy LJ, Gong MN, Cleven KL. The impact of air pollution on asthma: clinical outcomes, current epidemiology, and health disparities. Expert Rev Respir Med 2023; 17:1237-1247. [PMID: 38247719 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2307545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Air pollution has been shown to have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality of respiratory illnesses including asthma. AREAS COVERED Outdoor air pollution consists of a mixture of individual pollutants including vehicle traffic and industrial pollution. Studies have implicated an array of individual components of air pollution, with PM2.5, NO2, SO2, and ozone being the most classically described, and newer literature implicating other pollutants such as black carbon and volatile organic compounds. Epidemiological and cohort studies have described incidence and prevalence of pollution-related asthma and investigated both acute and chronic air pollution exposure as they relate to asthma outcomes. There is an increasing body of literature tying disparities in pollution exposure to clinical outcomes. In this narrative review, we assessed the published research investigating the association of pollution with asthma outcomes, focusing on the adult population and health care disparities. EXPERT OPINION Pollution has multiple deleterious effects on respiratory health but there is a lack of data on individualized pollution monitoring, making it difficult to establish a temporal relationship between exposure and symptoms, thereby limiting our understanding of safe exposure levels. Future research should focus on more personalized monitoring and treatment plans for mitigating exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Fiter
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Lila J Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Michelle N Gong
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Krystal L Cleven
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hansel NN, Woo H, Koehler K, Gassett A, Paulin LM, Alexis NE, Putcha N, Lorizio W, Fawzy A, Belz D, Sack C, Barr RG, Martinez FJ, Han MK, Woodruff P, Pirozzi C, Paine R, Barjaktarevic I, Cooper CB, Ortega V, Zusman M, Kaufman JD. Indoor Pollution and Lung Function Decline in Current and Former Smokers: SPIROMICS AIR. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:1042-1051. [PMID: 37523421 PMCID: PMC10867935 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202302-0207oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Indoor pollutants have been associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease morbidity, but it is unclear whether they contribute to disease progression. Objectives: We aimed to determine whether indoor particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are associated with lung function decline among current and former smokers. Methods: Of the 2,382 subjects with a history of smoking in SPIROMICS AIR, 1,208 participants had complete information to estimate indoor PM and NO2, using individual-based prediction models, in relation to measured spirometry at two or more clinic visits. We used a three-way interaction model between time, pollutant, and smoking status and assessed the indoor pollutant-associated difference in FEV1 decline separately using a generalized linear mixed model. Measurements and Main Results: Participants had an average rate of FEV1 decline of 60.3 ml/yr for those currently smoking compared with 35.2 ml/yr for those who quit. The association of indoor PM with FEV1 decline differed by smoking status. Among former smokers, every 10 μg/m3 increase in estimated indoor PM was associated with an additional 10 ml/yr decline in FEV1 (P = 0.044). Among current smokers, FEV1 decline did not differ by indoor PM. The results of indoor NO2 suggest trends similar to those for PM ⩽2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter. Conclusions: Former smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who live in homes with high estimated PM have accelerated lung function loss, and those in homes with low PM have lung function loss similar to normal aging. In-home PM exposure may contribute to variability in lung function decline in people who quit smoking and may be a modifiable exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia N. Hansel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Han Woo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Kirsten Koehler
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amanda Gassett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and
| | - Laura M. Paulin
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Neil E. Alexis
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma and Lung Biology, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Wendy Lorizio
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Ashraf Fawzy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Daniel Belz
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Coralynn Sack
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - R. Graham Barr
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Fernando J. Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - MeiLan K. Han
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Prescott Woodruff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Cheryl Pirozzi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Robert Paine
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Igor Barjaktarevic
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Christopher B. Cooper
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Victor Ortega
- Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy, and Immunologic Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Marina Zusman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and
| | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tran HM, Tsai FJ, Lee YL, Chang JH, Chang LT, Chang TY, Chung KF, Kuo HP, Lee KY, Chuang KJ, Chuang HC. The impact of air pollution on respiratory diseases in an era of climate change: A review of the current evidence. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:166340. [PMID: 37591374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of climate change and air pollution on respiratory diseases present significant global health challenges. This review aims to investigate the effects of the interactions between these challenges focusing on respiratory diseases. Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events amplifying air pollution levels and exacerbating respiratory diseases. Air pollution levels are projected to rise due to ongoing economic growth and population expansion in many areas worldwide, resulting in a greater burden of respiratory diseases. This is especially true among vulnerable populations like children, older adults, and those with pre-existing respiratory disorders. These challenges induce inflammation, create oxidative stress, and impair the immune system function of the lungs. Consequently, public health measures are required to mitigate the effects of climate change and air pollution on respiratory health. The review proposes that reducing greenhouse gas emissions contribute to slowing down climate change and lessening the severity of extreme weather events. Enhancing air quality through regulatory and technological innovations also helps reduce the morbidity of respiratory diseases. Moreover, policies and interventions aimed at improving healthcare access and social support can assist in decreasing the vulnerability of populations to the adverse health effects of air pollution and climate change. In conclusion, there is an urgent need for continuous research, establishment of policies, and public health efforts to tackle the complex and multi-dimensional challenges of climate change, air pollution, and respiratory health. Practical and comprehensive interventions can protect respiratory health and enhance public health outcomes for all.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Minh Tran
- Ph.D. Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Public Health, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, Viet Nam
| | - Feng-Jen Tsai
- Ph.D. Program in Global Health and Health Security, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Lun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jer-Hwa Chang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Te Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Occupational Safety and Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yun Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jen Chuang
- School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Chi Chuang
- School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shin D, Kim Y, Hong KJ, Lee G, Park I, Kim HJ, Kim S, Hwang CH, Noh KC, Han B. The Effectiveness of a Mechanical Ventilation System for Indoor PM 2.5 in Residential Houses. TOXICS 2023; 11:912. [PMID: 37999564 PMCID: PMC10675534 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical ventilation systems used in houses are designed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions while minimizing the energy loss resulting from ventilation. However, the increase in indoor fine particulate (PM2.5) concentration because of external PM2.5 influx through the ventilation system poses a problem. Here, we analyzed the changes in indoor PM2.5 concentration, distinguishing between cases of high and low outdoor PM2.5 concentrations and considering the efficiency of the filters used in residential mechanical ventilation systems. When using filters with the minimum efficiency reporting value (MERV) of 10 in the ventilation system, the outdoor PM2.5 concentration was 5 μg/m³; compared to the initial concentration, the indoor PM2.5 concentration after 60 min decreased to 73%. When the outdoor PM2.5 concentration was 30-40 μg/m³, the indoor PM2.5 concentration reached 91%. However, when MERV 13 filters were used, the indoor PM2.5 concentration consistently dropped to 73-76%, regardless of the outdoor PM2.5 concentration. Furthermore, by comparing the established equation with the mass balance model, the error was confirmed to be within 5%, indicating a good fit. This allows for the prediction of indoor PM2.5 under various conditions when using mechanical ventilation systems, enabling the formulation of strategies for maintaining indoor PM2.5, as recommended by the World Health Organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongho Shin
- Department of Sustainable Environment Research, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Deajeon 34103, Republic of Korea; (D.S.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Sustainable Environment Research, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Deajeon 34103, Republic of Korea; (D.S.); (H.-J.K.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Jung Hong
- Department of Sustainable Environment Research, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Deajeon 34103, Republic of Korea; (D.S.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Gunhee Lee
- Department of Sustainable Environment Research, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Deajeon 34103, Republic of Korea; (D.S.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Inyong Park
- Department of Sustainable Environment Research, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Deajeon 34103, Republic of Korea; (D.S.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Hak-Joon Kim
- Department of Sustainable Environment Research, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Deajeon 34103, Republic of Korea; (D.S.); (H.-J.K.)
| | - Sangwoo Kim
- Air Lab, Inc., Gwangju 62278, Republic of Korea (K.-C.N.)
| | | | - Kwang-Chul Noh
- Air Lab, Inc., Gwangju 62278, Republic of Korea (K.-C.N.)
| | - Bangwoo Han
- Department of Sustainable Environment Research, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Deajeon 34103, Republic of Korea; (D.S.); (H.-J.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kang J, Kim HC, Jang Y, Lee JB, Lee JS, Oh YM, Ji HW, Jung JY, Lee SW. Randomised controlled trial of a behavioural intervention to reduce exposure to PM 2.5 in patients with COPD. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 181:108286. [PMID: 37918066 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a well-known risk factor for worse outcomes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, evidence-based guidance on effective personal behavioural strategies to minimise the effects of PM2.5 is limited. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a behavioural intervention in reducing PM2.5 exposure and improving clinical outcomes in patients with COPD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Participants were 1:1 randomised, and the intervention group received a behavioural intervention consisting of five activities, while the control group received usual care. The participants were followed up for 9 months. The primary outcomes were differences in the score of St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire for patients with COPD (SGRQ-C) and COPD assessment test (CAT) from baseline. RESULTS A total of 106 participants were enrolled and 102 completed the study. At the end of the study, the intervention group showed significant improvements in the primary outcomes compared to the control group, with a group difference of -5.9 in the reduction of total SGRQ-C (-3.4 vs. 2.5; p = 0.049) and -3.8 in the CAT score (-1.2 vs. 2.7; p = 0.001). Participants with good adherence to the intervention demonstrated a greater extent of improvement in CAT score and lower PM2.5 levels compared to those who had poor adherence or were in the control group. Regular checking of air quality forecasts was significantly associated with a reduction in CAT scores among all the intervention activities. CONCLUSION Individual-level behavioural interventions can be an effective strategy for mitigating the health hazards associated with PM2.5. CLINICALTRIALS gov Identifier: NCT04878367.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Kang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan-Cheol Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngwon Jang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Ji
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ye Jung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sei Won Lee
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Choi YG, Choi WS, Song JY, Lee Y, Lee SH, Lee JS, Lee S, Choi SR, Lee CH, Lee JY. Antiinflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of Korean native herb Potentilla rugulosa Nakai in Bisphenol-a-stimulated A549 cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:758-773. [PMID: 37527000 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2240835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Potentilla rugulosa Nakai (P. rugulosa) is a perennial herb in the Rosaceae family and found in the Korean mountains. Previously, our findings demonstrated that P. rugulosa contains numerous polyphenols and flavonoids exhibiting important antioxidant and anti-obesity bioactivities. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a xenoestrogen that was shown to produce pulmonary inflammation in humans. However, the mechanisms underlying BPA-induced inflammation remain to be determined. The aim of this study was to examine whether ethanolic extract of P. rugulosa exerted an inhibitory effect on BPA-induced inflammation utilizing an adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cell line A549. The P. rugulosa extract inhibited BPA-mediated cytotoxicity by reducing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Further, P. rugulosa extract suppressed the upregulation of various pro-inflammatory mediators induced by activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In addition, inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways by P. rugulosa extract was found to occur via decrease in the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Further, blockade of phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and stress-activated protein kinase/Jun N-terminal kinase (SAPK/JNK) was noted. Thus, our findings suggest that the ethanolic extract of P. rugulosa may act as a natural anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Geon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Song
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yubin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Biological Material Analysis Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Lee
- Biological Material Analysis Division, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Rin Choi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Liang H, Li D, Zhu Y, Zhou X, Lin F, Jing D, Su X, Pan P, Zhang Y. Associations Between Reproductive Factors and the Risk of Adult-Onset Asthma: A Prospective Cohort Study of European Ancestry. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:2354-2363. [PMID: 36988870 PMCID: PMC10407004 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies showed sex discrepancies in the prevalence, incidence, and disease control of asthma. The relationships between different reproductive factors and the risk of asthma in females remain uncertain. DESIGN A prospective cohort study recruited 239,701 female participants from the UK Biobank. The Cox proportional hazard model and multiple adjusted restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the association between each reproductive factor and the risk of adult-onset asthma. KEY RESULTS We observed that the association of age at menarche and age of menopause with adult-onset asthma risk presented as U-shaped, with multiple adjusted HRs for age at menarche being 1.129 (95% CI, 1.038-1.228) for ≤ 11 years old and 1.157 (95% CI, 1.058-1.265) for ≥ 15 years old referenced to 13 years old, and for age at menopause being 1.368 (1.237-1.512) for ≤ 46 years old and 1.152 (1.026-1.294) for ≥ 55 years old referenced to 50-52 years old. Early age at first live birth (≤ 20 years old), a greater number of miscarriages (≥ 2) or stillbirths (≥ 2), more children (≥ 4), and shorter reproductive years (≤ 32 years) were associated with elevated risk of asthma. In addition, history of hysterectomy or oophorectomy was associated with increased risk of adult-onset asthma, particularly in those with simultaneous hysterectomy and oophorectomy (HR, 1.239; 95% CI, 1.063-1.445). For exogenous sex hormones, hormone replacement therapy (HR, 1.482; 95% CI, 1.394-1.574) was identified to be associated with elevated risk of adult-onset asthma. CONCLUSIONS This study not only demonstrated significant associations between multiple reproductive factors and the risk of adult-onset asthma in a female's later life, but also found that history of hysterectomy or oophorectomy, as well as hormone replacement therapy, was linked to an elevated incidence of adult-onset asthma. Our findings highlighted the significance of reproductive factors in the development of asthma in female populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huaying Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Dianwu Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, 412001, Hunan, China
| | - Yiqun Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Fengyu Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Danrong Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Center of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory Disease, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Twinkle RH, Sain Y, Pinjar MJ, Manik KA, Mondal H. Comparative Dynamic Pulmonary Function Tests Between Apparently Healthy Young Adult Offspring of Asthmatic and Non-asthmatic Parents: A Pilot Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e44259. [PMID: 37772245 PMCID: PMC10526921 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While the hereditary component of asthma has been established, its influence on early respiratory function changes in otherwise healthy offspring remains to be explored. Dynamic lung function tests assess airflow in and out of the lungs, providing valuable insights into respiratory health and detecting potential airflow limitations. This study aimed to compare the dynamic lung functions between offspring of asthmatic and non-asthmatic parents. Methodology A case-control design was employed comprising 30 cases (offspring of asthmatic parents) and 30 controls (offspring of non-asthmatic parents). Lung function parameters including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC ratio, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of the FVC (FEF 25-75%), and maximum mid-expiratory flow at 50% of the FVC (Vmax 50%) were measured. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the parameters between cases and controls using the unpaired t-test. Results The mean age of controls was 20.46 ± 2.82 years and the cases was 19.83 ± 1.41 years. The study revealed that cases exhibited lower FEV1 and Vmax 50% values compared to controls, indicating potential airflow limitations and altered mid-exhalation flow rates in the offspring of asthmatic parents. While trends were observed in FVC, FEV1/FVC ratio, and FEF 25-75%, these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions The findings suggest a potential association between parental asthma and altered lung function parameters, specifically in FEV1 and Vmax 50%, among their offspring. These early respiratory function changes underscore the potential impact of hereditary factors on lung health. Healthcare professionals should take parental asthma into account when evaluating lung functions. This may lead to earlier detection and intervention. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and long-term implications of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yukta Sain
- Medical School, Great Eastern Medical School and Hospital, Ragolu, IND
| | | | - Khaleel Ahmed Manik
- Physiology, Integral Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Integral University, Lucknow, IND
| | - Himel Mondal
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Deoghar, IND
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lv JJ, Li XY, Shen YC, You JX, Wen MZ, Wang JB, Yang XT. Assessing volatile organic compounds exposure and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in US adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1210136. [PMID: 37475768 PMCID: PMC10354632 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1210136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a large group of chemicals widely used in People's Daily life. There is increasing evidence of the cumulative toxicity of VOCs. However, the association between VOCs and the risk of COPD has not been reported. Objective We comprehensively evaluated the association between VOCs and COPD. Methods Our study included a total of 1,477 subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, including VOCs, COPD, and other variables in the average US population. Multiple regression models and smooth-curve fitting (penalty splines) were constructed to examine potential associations, and stratified analyses were used to identify high-risk groups. Results We found a positive association between blood benzene and blood o-xylene concentrations and COPD risk and identified a concentration relationship between the two. That is, when the blood benzene and O-xylene concentrations reached 0.28 ng/mL and 0.08 ng/mL, respectively, the risk of COPD was the highest. In addition, we found that gender, age, and MET influence the relationship, especially in women, young people, and people with low MET. Significance This study revealed that blood benzene and blood o-xylene were independently and positively correlated with COPD risk, suggesting that long-term exposure to benzene and O-xylene may cause pulmonary diseases, and providing a new standard of related blood VOCs concentration for the prevention of COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-jie Lv
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-yu Li
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-chen Shen
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-xiong You
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-zhe Wen
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-bing Wang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi-tao Yang
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Multidisciplinary Team of Vascular Anomalies, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Simoneau T, Gaffin JM. Socioeconomic determinants of asthma health. Curr Opin Pediatr 2023; 35:337-343. [PMID: 36861771 PMCID: PMC10160003 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review provides an assessment of the recent pediatric literature evaluating socioeconomic drivers of asthma incidence and morbidity. The review addresses the specific social determinants of health related to housing, indoor and outdoor environmental exposures, healthcare access and quality, and the impact of systematic racism. RECENT FINDINGS Many social risk factors are associated with adverse asthma outcomes. Children living in low-income, urban neighborhoods have greater exposure to both indoor and outdoor hazards, including molds, mice, second-hand smoke, chemicals, and air pollutants, all of which are associated with adverse asthma outcomes. Providing asthma education in the community - via telehealth, school-based health centers, or peer mentors - are all effective methods for improving medication adherence and asthma outcomes. The racially segregated neighborhoods created by the racist 'redlining' policies implemented decades ago, persist today as hotspots of poverty, poor housing conditions, and adverse asthma outcomes. SUMMARY Routine screening for social determinants of health in clinical settings is important to identify the social risk factors of pediatric patients with asthma. Interventions targeting social risk factors can improve pediatric asthma outcomes, but more studies are needed related to social risk interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tregony Simoneau
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Chen Z, Wang Y, Hu L. Thermal desorption mechanism of n-dodecane on unsaturated clay: Experimental study and molecular dynamics simulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 323:121228. [PMID: 36773689 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thermal desorption technology can effectively remediate fuels-contaminated clayey soil. However, the microscopic mechanism for the contaminant desorption on clay is still unclear, especially with the existence of water on clay surfaces. In this study, a combination method including TGA experiments, multi-phase and multi-component kinetic models, and MD simulation was proposed to reveal the thermal desorption mechanism of n-dodecane in unsaturated clay. Results showed that the thermal desorption behavior of the free nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) and the adsorbed phase of n-dodecane or water could be identified by the multi-phase and multi-component kinetic models based on the desorption process rate obtained by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments. The activation energy of the NAPL phase (49-69.9 kJ/mol) was lower than the adsorbed phase (90 kJ/mol). The activation energy of the NAPL phase had the same linear relationship with its mass on kaolinite and montmorillonite, while adsorbed phase only existed on the kaolinite surface. MD simulation showed that water demonstrated competitive adsorption with n-dodecane on montmorillonite surfaces and prevented the formation of the adsorbed phase while having little influence on the n-dodecane adsorption on kaolinite surface, which agrees well with the kinetic analysis of the TGA experiments. With the combination of macroscopic experimental analysis and microscopic molecular simulation, it can be concluded that the mass of the NAPL phase limited the desorption behavior, while the interaction between the clay mineral surface and n-dodecane was the key factor that dominated the thermal desorption behavior of the adsorbed phase. The presented results provide new insight into the desorption mechanism of hydrocarbon on clay minerals, which is of significance for the design of thermal desorption remediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lee JX, Phipatanakul W, Gaffin JM. Environment and the development of severe asthma in inner city population. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 23:179-184. [PMID: 36728241 PMCID: PMC9974609 DOI: 10.1097/aci.0000000000000890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Higher asthma prevalence and morbidity are seen in inner-city areas, disproportionately affecting low-income families living in substandard housing. Children within these families experience more frequent asthma exacerbations, acute care and emergency department visits, and hospitalizations, thus characterizing severe asthma. In this review, we assess recent published literature focused on indoor and outdoor exposures that contribute to the development and morbidity of asthma. RECENT FINDINGS Many urban environmental exposures contribute to asthma burden, including tobacco/e-cigarette smoke, pest allergens, molds, and possibly synthetic chemicals such as phthalates and bisphenol A, radon, and volatile organic compounds. Individuals living in inner-city areas also experience higher levels of air pollutants and ambient heat, further perpetuating asthma incidence and severity. SUMMARY This article summarizes the latest advances and provides direction for future research on risk factors, interventions, and public policy to help alleviate the burden of asthma due to urban environment exposures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia X Lee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Division of allergy and immunology, Boston Children's Hospital
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan M Gaffin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood. Environmental exposures, such as allergens and pollutants, are ubiquitous factors associated with asthma development and asthma morbidity. In this review, we highlight the most recent studies relevant to childhood asthma risk, onset, and exacerbation related to air pollution exposure. RECENT FINDINGS In this article, we review current research that has been published between 2021 and 2022, demonstrating the effects of early-life exposure to key air pollutants (e.g., particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and ground-level ozone (O 3 ), environmental tobacco smoke, radon, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) on respiratory health. SUMMARY Air pollution continues to be a global burden with serious consequences related to respiratory health. Interventions aimed at reducing air pollution in the environment must be achieved in an effort to improve asthma outcomes and pediatric health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana Mukharesh
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
- Harvard Medical School
| | - Wanda Phipatanakul
- Harvard Medical School
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan M Gaffin
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
- Harvard Medical School
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yang Y, Zhou G, Jiang B, Wang Q, Hu Y, Sun B. Pollution and occupational protection of diesel particulate matter in underground space. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:45840-45858. [PMID: 36708480 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To address the diesel particulate matter pollution problem at the 12,306 continuous mining face of Shangwan coal mine, the spatial and temporal evolution law of diesel particulate matter generated at the three locations of the shuttle car head tunnel, contact alley, and support tunnel under the pressure-in ventilation condition of the double lane of the continuous mining face was studied by numerical simulation. The results show that the highest diesel particulate matter concentration at the shuttle car discharge is about 144.17 mg/m3, which seriously affects the health of miners. The highest diesel particulate matter concentration at the shuttle car tunnel is 52.58 mg/m3, and at the contact alley, the diesel particulate matter diffusion space is limited by the compression of the space inside the contact alley by the shuttle car machine body and the alley wall, which makes the diesel particulate matter accumulate here, forming a high diesel particulate matter concentration distribution area with a concentration value of 112.75 mg/m3. When supporting the roadway at the shuttle, diesel particulate matter accumulates in the range of X = 55 m ~ 60 m, Y = 0 m ~ 4 m, and Z = 23.4 m ~ 29.4 m. According to the degree of DPM pollution in different areas, different individual protective equipment is used to obtain different levels of pollution protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Gang Zhou
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Bingyou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Safety and Health, Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan, 232001, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Yating Hu
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Biao Sun
- College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control Co-founded by Shandong Province and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Montuori P, Gioia M, Sorrentino M, Di Duca F, Pennino F, Messineo G, Maccauro ML, Riello S, Trama U, Triassi M, Nardone A. Determinants Analysis Regarding Household Chemical Indoor Pollution. TOXICS 2023; 11:264. [PMID: 36977029 PMCID: PMC10059753 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Indoor household pollution is not yet sufficiently studied in the general population. Over 4 million people die prematurely every year due to air pollution in households. This study aimed to propose quantitative data research through the administration of a KAP (Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices) Survey Questionnaire. This cross-sectional study administered questionnaires to adults from the metropolitan city of Naples (Italy). Three Multiple Linear Regression Analyses (MLRA) were developed, including Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior regarding household chemical air pollution and the related risks. One thousand six hundred seventy subjects received a questionnaire to be filled out and collected anonymously. The mean age of the sample was 44.68 years, ranging from 21-78 years. Most of the people interviewed (76.13%) had good attitudes toward house cleaning, and 56.69% stated paying attention to cleaning products. Results of the regression analysis indicated that positive attitudes were significantly higher among subjects who graduated, with older age, male and non-smokers, but they were correlated with lower knowledge. In conclusion, a behavioral and attitudinal program targeted those with knowledge, such as younger subjects with high educational levels, but do not engage in correct practices towards household indoor chemical pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Montuori
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini n° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagiovanna Gioia
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini n° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Sorrentino
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini n° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Di Duca
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini n° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pennino
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini n° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Messineo
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini n° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Maccauro
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini n° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simonetta Riello
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini n° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ugo Trama
- General Directorate of Health, Campania Region, Centro Direzionale Is. C3, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini n° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Nardone
- Department of Public Health, University “Federico II”, Via Sergio Pansini n° 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Shah ST, Shabadi N, Karkra R, Rao VV. Geospatial Mapping of Indoor Air Quality and Respiratory Illnesses in an Urban Slum. Cureus 2023; 15:e34890. [PMID: 36925977 PMCID: PMC10013255 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Air pollution is a well-recognized determinant of health. The general perception has focused primarily on outdoor pollution, and indoor pollution which may be due to smoking, biomass use, an extension of outdoor pollution, etc. has been neglected. It is therefore imperative to understand the levels of indoor pollution and find out if these are associated with high rates of illnesses, particularly, respiratory diseases. Material and methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 300 houses and 727 participants in an urban slum, selected through simple random sampling. Indoor air quality was assessed using the Prana C -Air Plus air quality monitor (Prana Air, New Delhi, India). The instrument detected formaldehyde, air quality index (AQI), temperature, humidity, PM2.5, PM10 particles, and total volatile organic (TVO) compounds. Socio-demographic details were noted, and geospatial mapping was done using Q-GIS software (www.qgis.org). A questionnaire was used to survey the residents of those houses. Ethical committee clearance was obtained before starting the project. Results The mean distribution of pollution parameters over the entire study area was AQI - 67.4±65.48, PM 2.5 - 37.6±35.82 μg/m3, formaldehyde - 0.09±0.37 mg/m3, PM 10 - 43.9±38.59 μg/m3, TVO compounds - 0.43±2.13 mg/m3, CO2 - 1128.9±323.86 ppm, temperature - 23.7±21.2 degree Celsius, and PM 1 - 24.3±20.5 μg/m3; 2.6% of the participants had respiratory diseases, and a significant association was found between the AQI, TVO compounds and ventilation, and respiratory diseases (p<0.05). Conclusion Indoor air pollution not unlike outdoor pollution can have dramatic health effects and needs to be addressed to lower the overall respiratory disease burden. The AQI, TVOC, and poor ventilation/cross-ventilation are associated with respiratory illnesses. Geospatial mapping shows a concentration of cases in areas of high pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samyak T Shah
- Community Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, IND
| | - Nayanabai Shabadi
- Community Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, IND
| | - Rohan Karkra
- General Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, IND
| | - Vadaga V Rao
- Community Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara (JSS) Medical College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research (JSSAHER), Mysuru, IND
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Klain A, Dinardo G, Salvatori A, Indolfi C, Contieri M, Brindisi G, Decimo F, Zicari AM, Miraglia del Giudice M. An Overview on the Primary Factors That Contribute to Non-Allergic Asthma in Children. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6567. [PMID: 36362795 PMCID: PMC9654665 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of non-allergic asthma in childhood is low, peaking in late adulthood. It is triggered by factors other than allergens, like cold and dry air, respiratory infections, hormonal changes, smoke and air pollution. In the literature, there are few studies that describe non-allergic asthma in pediatric age. Even though it is a less common disorder in kids, it is crucial to identify the causes in order to keep asthma under control, particularly in patients not responding to conventional treatments. In this review, we discuss non-IgE-mediated forms of asthma, collecting the latest research on etiopathogenesis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Klain
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulio Dinardo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Salvatori
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Cristiana Indolfi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Contieri
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giulia Brindisi
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Fabio Decimo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Zicari
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Miraglia del Giudice
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Peng B, Huang X. Research status of gas sensing performance of Ti3C2Tx-based gas sensors: A mini review. Front Chem 2022; 10:1037732. [PMID: 36262339 PMCID: PMC9573947 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1037732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing efficient gas sensing materials capable of sensitive, fast, stable, and selective detection is a requisite in the field of indoor gas environment monitoring. In recent years, metal carbides/nitrides (MXenes) have attracted attention in the field of gas sensing because of their high specific surface area, good electrical conductivity, and high hydrophilicity. Ti3C2Tx, the first synthesised MXene material, has also become the most popular MXene material owing to its low formation energy. In this paper, the latest progress in the application of Ti3C2Tx-based nanomaterials in the field of gas sensors is reviewed. Some challenges currently faced by Ti3C2Tx gas sensors are discussed, and possible solutions are proposed, focusing on the use of composite materials and surface functionalization methods to modify Ti3C2Tx nanomaterials to improve their sensing performance for the detection of gaseous volatile organic compounds. This study highlights the application prospects of Ti3C2Tx nanomaterials in gas sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- *Correspondence: Bo Peng, ; Xinlu Huang,
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
D’Antona S, Castiglioni I, Porro D, Cava C. Consequences of exposure to pollutants on respiratory health: From genetic correlations to causal relationships. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277235. [PMID: 36395113 PMCID: PMC9671383 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern society grew rapidly over the last few decades and this led to an alarming increase in air pollutants and a worsening of the human health, especially in relation to the respiratory system. Indeed, chronic respiratory diseases were the third main cause of death in 2017, with over 3 million of deaths. Furthermore, the pollution has considerable consequences both for burden medical expenses and environmental. However, the mechanisms linking pollutants to the onset of these diseases remain unclear. Thus, in this study we addressed this problem through the United Kingdom BioBank database, analyzing 170 genome-wide association studies (103 related to respiratory diseases and 67 related to pollutants). We analyzed the genetic correlations and causal relationships of these traits, leveraging the summary statistics and bioinformatics packages such as Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression and Latent Causal Variable. We obtained 158 significant genetic correlations and subsequently we analyzed them through the Latent Causal Variable analysis, obtaining 20 significant causal relationships. The most significant were between "Workplace full of chemicals or other fumes: Sometimes" and "Condition that has ever been diagnosed by a doctor: Asthma" and between "Workplace very dusty: Sometimes" and "Condition that has ever been diagnosed by a doctor: Emphysema or chronic bronchitis". Finally, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms independently associated with sveral pollutants to analyze the genes and pathways that could be involved in the onset of the aforementioned respiratory system disorders and that could be useful clinical target. This study highlighted how crucial are the air condition of the working environments and the type of transport used in the onset of respiratory-related morbidity. Based on that, we also suggested some interventions, in order to improve quality life and develop new and eco-friendly society and life style, such as improving indoor air circulation, the use of public transport and urban reforestation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore D’Antona
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Porro
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Cava
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Research Council, Milan, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|