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Sun H, Tian Y, Wu H, Zhu C, Lin L, Chen S, Wu S, Wu Y. Chinese visceral adipose index is more closely associated with risk of arterial stiffness than traditional obesity indicators: a cohort study. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:196. [PMID: 39143568 PMCID: PMC11323351 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI) is a new index to evaluate visceral adipose tissue in the Chinese population. Arterial stiffness (AS) is a kind of degeneration of the large arteries, and obesity is an essential contributing factor to AS. Our study aimed to explore the longitudinal association between CVAI and the risk of AS and to compare the predictive power of CVAI, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) for AS. METHODS Between 2010 and 2020, a total of 14,877 participants participating in at least two brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurements from the Kailuan study were included. The Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed to evaluate the longitudinal association between CVAI and the risk of AS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was calculated to compare the predictive power of CVAI, BMI, and WC for AS. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounding factors, CVAI was significantly associated with the risk of AS. Compared with the first CVAI quartile, the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI of the second, third, and fourth quartiles were 1.30 (1.09-1.56), 1.37 (1.15-1.63), and 1.49 (1.24-1.78), respectively. The area under ROC curve of CVAI was 0.661, significantly higher than BMI (AUC: 0.582) and WC (AUC: 0.606). CONCLUSION CVAI may be a reliable indicator to identify high-risk groups of AS in the Chinese general population, and the predictive power of CVAI for AS was better than BMI and WC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Sun
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
- Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Yan Tian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, 063210, China
| | - Chenrui Zhu
- Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Liming Lin
- Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Shuohua Chen
- Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Shouling Wu
- Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China
| | - Yuntao Wu
- Kailuan General Hospital, Tangshan, 063000, China.
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Podraza J, Gutowska K, Lenartowicz A, Wąsowski M, Jonas MI, Bartoszewicz Z, Lisik W, Jonas M, Binda A, Jaworski P, Tarnowski W, Noszczyk B, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M, Kuryłowicz A. The Role of microRNA in the Regulation of Cortisol Metabolism in the Adipose Tissue in the Course of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5058. [PMID: 38791098 PMCID: PMC11120731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The similarity of the clinical picture of metabolic syndrome and hypercortisolemia supports the hypothesis that obesity may be associated with impaired expression of genes related to cortisol action and metabolism in adipose tissue. The expression of genes encoding the glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GR), cortisol metabolizing enzymes (HSD11B1, HSD11B2, H6PDH), and adipokines, as well as selected microRNAs, was measured by real-time PCR in adipose tissue from 75 patients with obesity, 19 patients following metabolic surgery, and 25 normal-weight subjects. Cortisol levels were analyzed by LC-MS/MS in 30 pairs of tissues. The mRNA levels of all genes studied were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of patients with obesity and normalized by weight loss. In the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), GR and HSD11B2 were affected by this phenomenon. Negative correlations were observed between the mRNA levels of the investigated genes and selected miRNAs (hsa-miR-142-3p, hsa-miR-561, and hsa-miR-579). However, the observed changes did not translate into differences in tissue cortisol concentrations, although levels of this hormone in the SAT of patients with obesity correlated negatively with mRNA levels for adiponectin. In conclusion, although the expression of genes related to cortisol action and metabolism in adipose tissue is altered in obesity and miRNAs may be involved in this process, these changes do not affect tissue cortisol concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Podraza
- The Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Gutowska
- II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warsaw Medical University, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland;
| | | | - Michał Wąsowski
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Izabela Jonas
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.I.J.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Zbigniew Bartoszewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Lisik
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, The Medical University of Warsaw, 00-694 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maurycy Jonas
- Department of General Surgery, Barska Hospital, 02-315 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Artur Binda
- Department of General, Oncological and Bariatric Surgery, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland (W.T.)
| | - Paweł Jaworski
- Department of General, Oncological and Bariatric Surgery, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland (W.T.)
| | - Wiesław Tarnowski
- Department of General, Oncological and Bariatric Surgery, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland (W.T.)
| | - Bartłomiej Noszczyk
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.I.J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.I.J.); (M.P.-K.)
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3
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Krupka S, Hoffmann A, Jasaszwili M, Dietrich A, Guiu-Jurado E, Klöting N, Blüher M. Consequences of COVID-19 on Adipose Tissue Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2908. [PMID: 38474155 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in 2019, it has been crucial to investigate the causes of severe cases, particularly the higher rates of hospitalization and mortality in individuals with obesity. Previous findings suggest that adipocytes may play a role in adverse COVID-19 outcomes in people with obesity. The impact of COVID-19 vaccination and infection on adipose tissue (AT) is currently unclear. We therefore analyzed 27 paired biopsies of visceral and subcutaneous AT from donors of the Leipzig Obesity BioBank that have been categorized into three groups (1: no infection/no vaccination; 2: no infection but vaccinated; 3: infected and vaccinated) based on COVID-19 antibodies to spike (indicating vaccination) and/or nucleocapsid proteins. We provide additional insights into the impact of COVID-19 on AT biology through a comprehensive histological transcriptome and serum proteome analysis. This study demonstrates that COVID-19 infection is associated with smaller average adipocyte size. The impact of infection on gene expression was significantly more pronounced in subcutaneous than in visceral AT and mainly due to immune system-related processes. Serum proteome analysis revealed the effects of the infection on circulating adiponectin, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and carbonic anhydrase 5A (CA5A), which are all related to obesity and blood glucose abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sontje Krupka
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Hoffmann
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mariami Jasaszwili
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Arne Dietrich
- Clinic for Visceral, Transplantation and Thorax and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Esther Guiu-Jurado
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Gutowska K, Koźniewski K, Wąsowski M, Jonas MI, Bartoszewicz Z, Lisik W, Jonas M, Binda A, Jaworski P, Tarnowski W, Noszczyk B, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M, Czajkowski K, Kuryłowicz A. AGER-1 Long Non-Coding RNA Levels Correlate with the Expression of the Advanced Glycosylation End-Product Receptor, a Regulator of the Inflammatory Response in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Women with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17447. [PMID: 38139276 PMCID: PMC10743952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The advanced glycosylation end-product receptor (AGER) is involved in the development of metabolic inflammation and related complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Tissue expression of the AGER gene (AGER) is regulated by epigenetic mediators, including a long non-coding RNA AGER-1 (lncAGER-1). This study aimed to investigate whether human obesity and T2DM are associated with an altered expression of AGER and lncAGER-1 in adipose tissue and, if so, whether these changes affect the local inflammatory milieu. The expression of genes encoding AGER, selected adipokines, and lncAGER-1 was assessed using real-time PCR in visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue. VAT and SAT samples were obtained from 62 obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2; N = 24 diabetic) and 20 normal weight (BMI = 20-24.9 kg/m2) women, while a further 15 SAT samples were obtained from patients who were 18 to 24 months post-bariatric surgery. Tissue concentrations of adipokines were measured at the protein level using an ELISA-based method. Obesity was associated with increased AGER mRNA levels in SAT compared to normal weight status (p = 0.04) and surgical weight loss led to their significant decrease compared to pre-surgery levels (p = 0.01). Stratification by diabetic status revealed that AGER mRNA levels in VAT were higher in diabetic compared to non-diabetic women (p = 0.018). Elevated AGER mRNA levels in VAT of obese diabetic patients correlated with lncAGER-1 (p = 0.04, rs = 0.487) and with interleukin 1β (p = 0.008, rs = 0.525) and resistin (p = 0.004, rs = 0.6) mRNA concentrations. In conclusion, obesity in women is associated with increased expression of AGER in SAT, while T2DM is associated with increased AGER mRNA levels and pro-inflammatory adipokines in VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Gutowska
- II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warsaw Medical University, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (K.C.)
| | - Krzysztof Koźniewski
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.I.J.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Michał Wąsowski
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Izabela Jonas
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.I.J.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Zbigniew Bartoszewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02- 097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Lisik
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, The Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Maurycy Jonas
- Department of General Surgery, Barska Hospital, 02-315 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Artur Binda
- Department of General, Oncological and Bariatric Surgery, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (W.T.)
| | - Paweł Jaworski
- Department of General, Oncological and Bariatric Surgery, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (W.T.)
| | - Wiesław Tarnowski
- Department of General, Oncological and Bariatric Surgery, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.); (P.J.); (W.T.)
| | - Bartłomiej Noszczyk
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.I.J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Czajkowski
- II Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Warsaw Medical University, 00-315 Warsaw, Poland; (K.G.); (K.C.)
| | - Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (K.K.); (M.I.J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland;
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5
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Kulkarni DH, Rusconi B, Floyd AN, Joyce EL, Talati KB, Kousik H, Alleyne D, Harris DL, Garnica L, McDonough R, Bidani SS, Kulkarni HS, Newberry EP, McDonald KG, Newberry RD. Gut microbiota induces weight gain and inflammation in the gut and adipose tissue independent of manipulations in diet, genetics, and immune development. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2284240. [PMID: 38036944 PMCID: PMC10730159 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2284240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are complex disorders resulting from multiple factors including genetics, diet, activity, inflammation, and gut microbes. Animal studies have identified roles for each of these, however the contribution(s) specifically attributed to the gut microbiota remain unclear, as studies have used combinations of genetically altered mice, high fat diet, and/or colonization of germ-free mice, which have an underdeveloped immune system. We investigated the role(s) of the gut microbiota driving obesity and inflammation independent of manipulations in diet and genetics in mice with fully developed immune systems. We demonstrate that the human obese gut microbiota alone was sufficient to drive weight gain, systemic, adipose tissue, and intestinal inflammation, but did not promote intestinal barrier leak. The obese microbiota induced gene expression promoting caloric uptake/harvest but was less effective at inducing genes associated with mucosal immune responses. Thus, the obese gut microbiota is sufficient to induce weight gain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesha H. Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brigida Rusconi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alexandria N. Floyd
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elisabeth L. Joyce
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Khushi B. Talati
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hrishi Kousik
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dereck Alleyne
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dalia L. Harris
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lorena Garnica
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan McDonough
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shay S. Bidani
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hrishikesh S. Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elizabeth P. Newberry
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Keely G. McDonald
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rodney D. Newberry
- Division of Gastroenterology, John T. Milliken Department of Medicine, Washington University in Saint Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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6
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Stanek A, Grygiel-Górniak B, Brożyna-Tkaczyk K, Myśliński W, Cholewka A, Zolghadri S. The Influence of Dietary Interventions on Arterial Stiffness in Overweight and Obese Subjects. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061440. [PMID: 36986170 PMCID: PMC10058695 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness is often increased in overweight/obese subjects before the development of hypertension. It is also one of the earliest indicators of increased cardiovascular disease risk and can be considered a good predictor of the development of subclinical cardiovascular dysfunction. Arterial stiffness is a significant prognostic factor influencing cardiovascular risk, which dietary habits can modify. Obese patients should use the caloric-restricted diet because it augments aortic distensibility, diminishes pulse wave velocity (PWV), and increases the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthases. High intake of saturated fatty acids (SFA), trans fats, and cholesterol, typical for the Western diet, impairs endothelial function and raises brachial-ankle PMV. The replacement of SFA with monounsaturated (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) derived from seafood and plants diminishes the risk of arterial stiffness. The dairy product intake (excluding butter) decreases PWV in the general population. The high-sucrose diet causes toxic hyperglycemia and increases arterial stiffness. Complex carbohydrates with a low glycemic index (including isomaltose) should be recommended to keep vascular health. The high sodium intake (>10 g/day), particularly associated with low potassium consumption, has a deleterious effect on arterial stiffness (↑ baPWV). Since vegetables and fruits are good sources of vitamins and phytochemicals, they should be recommended in patients with high PMV. Thus, the dietary recommendation to prevent arterial stiffness should be similar to the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in dairy products, plant oils, and fish, with a minimal red meat intake and five servings of fruits and vegetables daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Stanek
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Bogna Grygiel-Górniak
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Klaudia Brożyna-Tkaczyk
- Chair and Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Myśliński
- Chair and Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16 Street, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Armand Cholewka
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14 Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom 74147-85318, Iran
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7
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Kuryłowicz A. Estrogens in Adipose Tissue Physiology and Obesity-Related Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030690. [PMID: 36979669 PMCID: PMC10045924 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause-related decline in estrogen levels is accompanied by a change in adipose tissue distribution from a gynoid to an android and an increased prevalence of obesity in women. These unfavorable phenomena can be partially restored by hormone replacement therapy, suggesting a significant role for estrogen in the regulation of adipocytes' function. Indeed, preclinical studies proved the involvement of these hormones in adipose tissue development, metabolism, and inflammatory activity. However, the relationship between estrogen and obesity is bidirectional. On the one hand-their deficiency leads to excessive fat accumulation and impairs adipocyte function, on the other-adipose tissue of obese individuals is characterized by altered expression of estrogen receptors and key enzymes involved in their synthesis. This narrative review aims to summarize the role of estrogen in adipose tissue development, physiology, and in obesity-related dysfunction. Firstly, the estrogen classification, synthesis, and modes of action are presented. Next, their role in regulating adipogenesis and adipose tissue activity in health and the course of obesity is described. Finally, the potential therapeutic applications of estrogen and its derivates in obesity treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of General Medicine and Geriatric Cardiology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 00-401 Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Bone Turnover Markers in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome: The Mediator Role of Inflammation. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2023; 33:23-29. [PMID: 36270626 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between inflammatory markers and bone turnover in adults is well known, and a negative association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and inflammatory markers has also been described. Hence, we tested whether the association between CRF and bone turnover markers is mediated by inflammatory markers in adults with metabolic syndrome. A total of 81 adults (58.5 ± 5.0 years, 62.7% women) were included in the analysis. CRF was measured by the 6-min walking test. Serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hsCRP) and vascular endothelial growth factor, collagen type I cross-linked C-telopeptide, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), and total osteocalcin were assessed using a sensitive ELISA kit. Body composition was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Partial correlation was used to test the relationship between CRF, inflammatory markers, and bone turnover markers, controlling for sex, lean mass, and fat mass. Boot-strapped mediation procedures were performed, and indirect effects with confidence intervals not including zero were interpreted as statistically significant. CRF was positively correlated with P1NP levels (r = .228, p = .044) and osteocalcin levels (r = .296, p = .009). Furthermore, CRF was positively correlated with IL-1β levels (r = .340, p = .002) and negatively correlated with hsCRP levels (r = -.335, p = .003), whereas IL-1β levels were positively correlated with P1NP levels (r = .245, p = .030), and hsCRP levels were negatively correlated with P1NP levels (r = -.319, p = .004). Finally, the association between CRF and P1NP levels was totally mediated by hsCRP (percentage of mediation = 39.9). Therefore, CRF benefits on bone formation could be dependent on hsCRP concentrations in this population.
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Attia SM, Das SC, Varadharajan K, Al-Naemi HA. White adipose tissue as a target for cadmium toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010817. [PMID: 36278208 PMCID: PMC9582776 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread heavy metal known as a toxic environmental pollutant. Cd exposure is threatening due to its bioaccumulation trait in living systems that exceeds 35 years without a beneficial biological role. Acute exposure to high Cd doses was reported to impact adipose tissue (AT) function adversely. The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low-dose chronic Cd exposure on the genes involved in adipose tissue (AT) functions. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to a low Cd dose (15 mg/kg B.W./day) for 10 weeks. Then, three AT depots-subcutaneous AT (SUB-AT), abdominal AT (AB-AT), and retroperitoneal AT (REtrop-AT) were excised for Cd accumulation measures and gene expression analysis. Adiponectin and leptin gene expression levels were investigated as markers for adipocytes function and homeostasis. Our results showed that Cd accumulated in all the tested adipose depots, but SUB-AT was found to be the depot to most accumulate Cd. Also, it was exhibited that chronic exposure to low Cd doses altered the gene expression of adipocytokines. The levels of adiponectin and leptin mRNA expression were downregulated in all tested AT-depots after Cd exposure. The significant adverse effect on SUB-AT compared to other depots indicates different responses based on AT depots location toward Cd exposure. Collectively, these results suggest a toxic effect of Cd that influenced adipocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Mohammed Attia
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sandra Concepcion Das
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hamda A. Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Hamda A. Al-Naemi,
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10
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Bai L, Zhou J, Tong L, Ding W. Association between body composition and blood pressure in normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:240. [PMID: 35501836 PMCID: PMC9063238 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the associations of body fat distribution and lean body mass (LBM) with blood pressure (BP) in normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents. Methods A total of 898 normal-weight Chinese children and adolescents, aged 10–18 years, were included this cross-sectional study via a cluster sampling method. The bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure body composition. The participants were measured for blood pressure (BP) using a calibrated electronic sphygmomanometer according to the standard method by the "American Hypertension Education Project Working Group". Results Body composition was related to abnormal BP in normal-weight children and adolescents. After the model adjusted for age, smoking, and drinking, regression analysis showed that fat mass percentage (FMP) was negatively associated with abnormal BP, while LBM was positively associated with abnormal BP in boys(P < 0.05). Whereas FMP and visceral fat level (VFL) were positively associated with abnormal BP in girls (P < 0.05). Conclusions There are sex differences in the relationships between total body fat, visceral fat and lean body mass with abnormal BP in normal-weight youths. Therefore, it is of great significance to pay attention to the relative influence of the body composition of the boys and girls in the prevention and treatment of hypertension in youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Bai
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Lingling Tong
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenqing Ding
- School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, No.1160, Shengli Street, Xingqing District, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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11
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Gatzios A, Rombaut M, Buyl K, De Kock J, Rodrigues RM, Rogiers V, Vanhaecke T, Boeckmans J. From NAFLD to MAFLD: Aligning Translational In Vitro Research to Clinical Insights. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010161. [PMID: 35052840 PMCID: PMC8773802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most same-stage non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients exhibit similar histologic sequelae, the underlying mechanisms appear to be highly heterogeneous. Therefore, it was recently proposed to redefine NAFLD to metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in which other known causes of liver disease such as alcohol consumption or viral hepatitis do not need to be excluded. Revised nomenclature envisions speeding up and facilitating anti-MAFLD drug development by means of patient stratification whereby each subgroup would benefit from distinct pharmacological interventions. As human-based in vitro research fulfils an irrefutable step in drug development, action should be taken as well in this stadium of the translational path. Indeed, most established in vitro NAFLD models rely on short-term exposure to fatty acids and use lipid accumulation as a phenotypic benchmark. This general approach to a seemingly ambiguous disease such as NAFLD therefore no longer seems applicable. Human-based in vitro models that accurately reflect distinct disease subgroups of MAFLD should thus be adopted in early preclinical disease modeling and drug testing. In this review article, we outline considerations for setting up translational in vitro experiments in the MAFLD era and allude to potential strategies to implement MAFLD heterogeneity into an in vitro setting so as to better align early drug development with future clinical trial designs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Joost Boeckmans
- Correspondence: (A.G.); (J.B.); Tel.: +32-(0)-2-477-45-94 (A.G.)
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12
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Liu Y, Li Z, Wang Y, Cai Q, Liu H, Xu C, Zhang F. IL-15 Participates in the Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Affecting the Activity of Granulosa Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:787876. [PMID: 35250857 PMCID: PMC8894602 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.787876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade chronic inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the development of chronic inflammation leading to obesity-associated metabolic syndrome. However, the concentration of IL-15 in follicular fluid of patients with PCOS has yet been evaluated. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression level of IL-15 in both patients with PCOS and PCOS mice model and investigate the functional effect of IL-15 on ovarian granulosa cells. METHODS The level of IL-15 in follicular fluid (FF) was measured using cytokine array and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in two cohorts from 23 PCOS patients and 18 normo-ovulatory controls. PCOS mice model was induced by subcutaneously implanted with letrozole pellet for 21 days. The expression level of IL-15 in serum, ovarian, and subcutaneous adipose tissue in PCOS mice model was measured by ELISA, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence. The effect of IL-15 on the proliferation and apoptosis of the KGN cells and mouse ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) were detected by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Transcript expression of 17α-hydroxylase17,20-lyase (CYP17A1), cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1(CYP19A1), FSH receptor (FSHR), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), and proinflammatory cytokine were quantified using RT-PCR. The protein level and phosphorylation level of p38 MAPK and JNK are detected by Western blot. Concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and progesterone (P)were measured by ELISA. RESULTS IL-15 expression in follicular fluid of patients with PCOS was significantly elevated compared with the control group, and similar results were observed in the ovarian and subcutaneous adipose tissue of PCOS mice models. Furthermore, the elevated FF IL-15 levels have a positive correlation with the serum testosterone levels. FSHR co-localized with IL-15 indicating that IL-15 production originate from ovarian granulose cells. IL-15 treatment inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of KGN cells and mouse GCs. Moreover, IL-15 upregulated the transcription levels of CYP17A1, IL-1b and Ifng KGN cells. Similar results were observed in mouse GCs except concentration of DHEAS was higher in IL-15 treatment. IL-15 promoted p38 MAPK and JNK phosphorylation in KGN cells, treating KGN cells with p38 MAPK inhibitor SP600125 and JNK inhibitor SB203580 could reverse the effect of IL-15 on the proliferation and function of KGN cells. CONCLUSION The results indicate that IL-15 is involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS potentially by affecting survival, the inflammation state and steroidogenesis of granulosa cells. The practical significance of this association between IL-15 and the pathogenesis of PCOS needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingqing Cai
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiou Liu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Congjian Xu
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Feifei Zhang, ; Congjian Xu,
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Feifei Zhang, ; Congjian Xu,
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13
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Verdú E, Homs J, Boadas-Vaello P. Physiological Changes and Pathological Pain Associated with Sedentary Lifestyle-Induced Body Systems Fat Accumulation and Their Modulation by Physical Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13333. [PMID: 34948944 PMCID: PMC8705491 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A sedentary lifestyle is associated with overweight/obesity, which involves excessive fat body accumulation, triggering structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems. Research shows that this fat accumulation is responsible for several comorbidities, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and metabolic dysfunctions, as well as pathological pain behaviors. These health concerns are related to the crosstalk between adipose tissue and body systems, leading to pathophysiological changes to the latter. To deal with these health issues, it has been suggested that physical exercise may reverse part of these obesity-related pathologies by modulating the cross talk between the adipose tissue and body systems. In this context, this review was carried out to provide knowledge about (i) the structural and functional changes in tissues, organs, and body systems from accumulation of fat in obesity, emphasizing the crosstalk between fat and body tissues; (ii) the crosstalk between fat and body tissues triggering pain; and (iii) the effects of physical exercise on body tissues and organs in obese and non-obese subjects, and their impact on pathological pain. This information may help one to better understand this crosstalk and the factors involved, and it could be useful in designing more specific training interventions (according to the nature of the comorbidity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Verdú
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Judit Homs
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
- Department of Physical Therapy, EUSES-University of Girona, 17190 Salt, Spain
| | - Pere Boadas-Vaello
- Research Group of Clinical Anatomy, Embryology and Neuroscience (NEOMA), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain;
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14
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Santos GSP, Costa AC, Picoli CC, Rocha BGS, Sulaiman SO, Radicchi DC, Pinto MCX, Batista ML, Amorim JH, Azevedo VAC, Resende RR, Câmara NOS, Mintz A, Birbrair A. Sympathetic nerve-adipocyte interactions in response to acute stress. J Mol Med (Berl) 2021; 100:151-165. [PMID: 34735579 PMCID: PMC8567732 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-021-02157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psychological stress predisposes our body to several disorders. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the physiological responses to psychological stress is essential for the success of therapeutic applications. New studies show, by using in vivo inducible Cre/loxP-mediated approaches in combination with pharmacological blockage, that sympathetic nerves, activated by psychological stress, induce brown adipocytes to produce IL-6. Strikingly, this cytokine promotes gluconeogenesis in hepatocytes, that results in the decline of tolerance to inflammatory organ damage. The comprehension arising from this research will be crucial for the handling of many inflammatory diseases. Here, we review recent advances in our comprehension of the sympathetic nerve-adipocyte axis in the tissue microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabryella S P Santos
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alinne C Costa
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline C Picoli
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Beatriz G S Rocha
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sheu O Sulaiman
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Debora C Radicchi
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mauro C X Pinto
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Miguel L Batista
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, SP, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Jaime H Amorim
- Center of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Western Bahia, BA, Barreiras, Brazil
| | - Vasco A C Azevedo
- Cellular and Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Resende
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. .,Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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15
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Remodeling of Macrophages in White Adipose Tissue under the Conditions of Obesity as well as Lipolysis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9980877. [PMID: 34504646 PMCID: PMC8423577 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9980877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) are a major source of low-grade inflammation in obesity, and yet reasons driving ATM accumulation in white adipose tissue (WAT) are not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggested that ATM underwent extensive remodeling in obesity. In addition to abundance, ATM in obesity were lipid-laden and metabolically reprogrammed, which in turn was tightly related to their functional alterations and persistence in obesity. Herein, we aimed to discuss that activation of lipid sensing signaling associated with metabolic reprogramming in ATM was indispensible for their migration, retention, or proliferation in obesity. Likewise, lipolysis also induced similar but transient ATM remodeling. Therefore, we assumed that obesity might share overlapping mechanisms with lipolysis in remodeling ATM. Formation of crown-like structures (CLS) in WAT was presumably a common event initiating ATM remodeling, with a spectrum of lipid metabolites released from adipocytes being potential signaling molecules. Moreover, adipose interlerkin-6 (IL-6) exhibited homologous alterations by obesity and lipolysis. Thus, we postulated a positive feedback loop between ATM and adipocytes via IL-6 signaling backing ATM persistence by comparison of ATM remodeling under obesity and lipolysis. An elucidation of ATM persistence could help to provide novel therapeutic targets for obesity-associated inflammation.
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16
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Para I, Albu A, Porojan MD. Adipokines and Arterial Stiffness in Obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57070653. [PMID: 34202323 PMCID: PMC8305474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are active molecules with pleiotropic effects produced by adipose tissue and involved in obesity-related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Arterial stiffness, which is a consequence of arteriosclerosis, has been shown to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of arterial stiffness is complex but incompletely understood. Adipokines dysregulation may induce, by various mechanisms, vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular remodeling, leading to increased arterial stiffness. This article summarizes literature data regarding adipokine-related pathogenetic mechanisms involved in the development of arterial stiffness, particularly in obesity, as well as the results of clinical and epidemiological studies which investigated the relationship between adipokines and arterial stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Para
- 4th Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adriana Albu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mihai D. Porojan
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Iuliu Hatieganu”, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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17
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Bonfim THFD, Tavares RL, de Vasconcelos MHA, Gouveia M, Nunes PC, Soares NL, Alves RC, de Carvalho JLP, Alves AF, Pereira RDA, Cardoso GA, Silva AS, Aquino JDS. Potentially obesogenic diets alter metabolic and neurobehavioural parameters in Wistar rats: a comparison between two dietary models. J Affect Disord 2021; 279:451-461. [PMID: 33120246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical studies related to the obesity pandemic have intensified in recent years, being the animal studies are also considered of great relevance. However, despite the fact that many diets have been reported in the literature to induce obesity in animal models, there is still a gap regarding evidence of the efficacy of these models, considering not only changes in somatic parameters, but also the triggering of comorbidities associated with obesity. In this scenario, the aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of western and cafeteria diets as obesity-inducing protocols, focusing on the evaluation of metabolic, somatic, oxidative, histological and behavioural parameters of Wistar rats. METHODS The rats were fed a control (CON), western (WTD) or cafeteria (CAF) diet for 16 weeks. RESULTS The CAF diet caused anxiogenic-like behaviour. Body mass (BMI), Lee and adiposity indices increased in the CAF group. CAF and WTD diets reduced glucose and insulin tolerance, caused dyslipidemia, increased lipid peroxidation and decrease antioxidant capacity in the liver, kidneys and brain. The WTD and CAF groups shows greater IL-6 protein expression in adipose tissue, developed hepatic steatosis and ischaemic neurons, whereas interstitial nephritis was observed only in the CAF group. CONCLUSION The CAF diet was most effective in inducing obesity, as shown both by the somatic parameters and by the greater number of obesity-related metabolic and neurobehavioural disorders in the evaluated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Leite Tavares
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Mirela Gouveia
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Polyana Campos Nunes
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Naís Lira Soares
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Raquel Coutinho Alves
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jader Luciano Pinto de Carvalho
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Ramon de Alencar Pereira
- Laboratory of Pathology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Glêbia Alexa Cardoso
- Associate Graduate Program in Physical Education - UPE / UFPB, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil; Laboratory of Physical Training Applied to Performance and Health, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Sergio Silva
- Laboratory of Physical Training Applied to Performance and Health, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
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18
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Seifarth C, Hering NA, Arndt M, Lehmann KS, Stroux A, Weixler B, Kreis ME. Increased proinflammatory cytokines in mesenteric fat in major surgery and Crohn's disease. Surgery 2021; 169:1328-1332. [PMID: 33431185 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2020.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in abdominal surgery and are often associated with the development of postoperative ileus, especially in Crohn's disease. The aim of this study was to investigate proinflammatory cytokine levels in mesenteric fat in Crohn's disease and patients without Crohn's disease. METHODS Human mesenteric tissue specimen were divided into 3 patient groups (n = 10 each): minor surgery (laparoscopic cholecystectomy), major surgery (colectomy) in patients without Crohn's disease, and major surgery (colectomy) in patients with Crohn's disease. Levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 1-β, and tumor necrosis factor α were determined by cytometric bead array, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The Kruskal-Wallis and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare continuous variables. For categorical variables, the χ2 test or Fisher exact test was used. RESULTS In minor surgery, cytokines levels of interleukin 6, interleukin 1-β and Tumor necrosis factor α were low (ie, interleukin 6: 1 pg/mL [0-36], interleukin 1-β: 0 fg/mL [0-18], tumor necrosis factor α: 157 fg/mL [91-237]) compared with major surgery in patients with and without Crohn's disease. Cytokines were significantly higher in major surgery (ie, interleukin 6: 147 pg/mL [29-347], interleukin 1-β: 660 fg/mL [0-2580], tumor necrosis factor α: 532 fg/mL [289-1647]; P = .02 and major surgery with CD (cytometric bead array: interleukin 6: 94 pg/mL [24-627], interleukin 1-β: 708 fg/mL [0-1664], tumor necrosis factor α: 733 fg/mL [209-1,354]; P < .05). Cytokine levels in major surgery with Crohn's disease showed a further increase of interleukin 6 in polymerase chain reaction in comparison to major surgery in patients without Crohn's disease (1.2 vs 4, P = .04). CONCLUSION Proinflammatory cytokines are increased in the mesenteric fat in major operations compared to minor operations, which indicates local mesenteric inflammation. In Crohn's disease, levels of proinflammatory cytokines are even higher, which may put the patients at risk for postoperative ileus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Seifarth
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Department of General, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Nina A Hering
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Department of General, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marco Arndt
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Department of General, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai S Lehmann
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Department of General, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Stroux
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Weixler
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Department of General, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin E Kreis
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Department of General, Visceral, and Vascular Surgery, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Villar-Fincheira P, Sanhueza-Olivares F, Norambuena-Soto I, Cancino-Arenas N, Hernandez-Vargas F, Troncoso R, Gabrielli L, Chiong M. Role of Interleukin-6 in Vascular Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:641734. [PMID: 33786327 PMCID: PMC8004548 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.641734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-6 is usually described as a pleiotropic cytokine produced in response to tissue injury or infection. As a pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-6 activates innate and adaptative immune responses. IL-6 is released in the innate immune response by leukocytes as well as stromal cells upon pattern recognition receptor activation. IL-6 then recruits immune cells and triggers B and T cell response. Dysregulated IL-6 activity is associated with pathologies involving chronic inflammation and autoimmunity, including atherosclerosis. However, IL-6 is also produced and released under beneficial conditions, such as exercise, where IL-6 is associated with the anti-inflammatory and metabolic effects coupled with physical adaptation to intense training. Exercise-associated IL-6 acts on adipose tissue to induce lipogenesis and on arteries to induce adaptative vascular remodeling. These divergent actions could be explained by complex signaling networks. Classical IL-6 signaling involves a membrane-bound IL-6 receptor and glycoprotein 130 (gp130), while trans-signaling relies on a soluble version of IL-6R (sIL-6R) and membrane-bound gp130. Trans-signaling, but not the classical pathway, is regulated by soluble gp130. In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences in IL-6 cytokine and myokine signaling to explain the differential and opposite effects of this protein during inflammation and exercise, with a special focus on the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Villar-Fincheira
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Cancino-Arenas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Hernandez-Vargas
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Troncoso
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Nutrición y Actividad Física (LABINAF), Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luigi Gabrielli
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Luigi Gabrielli, ; Mario Chiong,
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases & CEMC, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Luigi Gabrielli, ; Mario Chiong,
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Jarrar Y, Al-Doaiss A, Alfaifi M, Shati A, Al-Kahtani M, Jarrar B. The influence of five metallic nanoparticles on the expression of major drug-metabolizing enzyme genes with correlation of inflammation in mouse livers. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 80:103449. [PMID: 32593632 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) are widely used in medical preparations. The present study aims to find out the influence of widely used five metallic NPs on the expression of major hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme (DME) genes. Six groups of BALB/C mice, 7 mice each, were exposed to: Gold NPs, silver NPs, copper oxide NPs, silicon dioxide NPs and zinc oxide NPs, for 21 days. Liver biopsies from all mice were subjected to mouse cyp3a11, cyp2c29, ugt2b1 and interleukin-6 (il6) gene expression quantification using real-time polymerase chain reaction, in addition to inflammatory cell infiltration examination. All tested NPs caused a sharp and significant (ANOVA, p value <0.05) downregulation in the expression of DME genes, with the highest influence was observed in mice exposed to copper oxide NPs. Additionally, all NPs induced hepatic inflammation and upregulated the expression of il6 gene, which were inversely correlated with the expression of DMEs. It is concluded that all tested NPs downregulated the expression of DME genes, with the highest influence exhibited by copper oxide NPs, in correlation with inflammation and il6 gene induction in the liver. Further studies are needed to find out the effect of anti-inflammatory compounds against the alterations induced by metallic NPs exposure on hepatic DMEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Jordan
| | - Amin Al-Doaiss
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Alfaifi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Shati
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Kahtani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bashir Jarrar
- Nanobiology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Jerash University, Jordan.
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21
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Wueest S, Konrad D. The controversial role of IL-6 in adipose tissue on obesity-induced dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E607-E613. [PMID: 32715746 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00306.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-6 is a pleotropic cytokine with various physiological and pathophysiological functions in different cells and tissues. In cells residing within white adipose tissue, several, and sometimes conflicting, IL-6 actions have been described in the development of obesity-associated derangements of glucose metabolism. Herein, we aim to summarize opposing findings and discuss recent evidence that IL-6 signaling in adipose tissue is regulated in a depot and cell-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Wueest
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Anti-Inflammatory Strategies Targeting Metaflammation in Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25092224. [PMID: 32397353 PMCID: PMC7249034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the concepts explaining the coincidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the metaflammation theory. This chronic, low-grade inflammatory state originating from metabolic cells in response to excess nutrients, contributes to the development of T2D by increasing insulin resistance in peripheral tissues (mainly in the liver, muscles, and adipose tissue) and by targeting pancreatic islets and in this way impairing insulin secretion. Given the role of this not related to infection inflammation in the development of both: insulin resistance and insulitis, anti-inflammatory strategies could be helpful not only to control T2D symptoms but also to treat its causes. This review presents current concepts regarding the role of metaflammation in the development of T2D in obese individuals as well as data concerning possible application of different anti-inflammatory strategies (including lifestyle interventions, the extra-glycemic potential of classical antidiabetic compounds, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunomodulatory therapies, and bariatric surgery) in the management of T2D.
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Roczniak W, Mikołajczak-Będkowska A, Świętochowska E, Ostrowska Z, Ziora K, Balcerowicz S, Górska-Flak K, Milan M, Oświęcimska J. Serum interleukin 15 in anorexia nervosa: Comparison to normal weight and obese girls. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:203-211. [PMID: 30806157 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1583370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Interleukin 15 (IL-15) plays a key role in the muscle-fat interaction, reducing adipose tissue mass without changes in the lean body mass and reduction of food intake. Here we assess serum IL-15 levels in girls with anorexia nervosa (AN) relative to obese and normal weight female adolescents.Methods: Serum IL-15 concentrations were evaluated using a commercially available ELISA kit in 32 Polish girls with restrictive AN, 29 girls with obesity (O), and 21 healthy controls (C). Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, BMI) and laboratory assays (serum fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein (CRP)) were performed.Results: Mean serum IL-15 in the AN group was significantly higher than in C, but lower than in O. In all examined girls, significant positive correlations between IL-15 and body weight, BMI, insulin, HOMA, LDL, triglycerides and CRP were noted. We also observed an inverse relationship between IL-15 and HDL.Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that serum IL-15 concentrations in adolescent girls with AN and obesity are significantly elevated in comparison to normal weight controls. However, the role of IL-15 in the pathogenesis of AN and obesity remains still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Roczniak
- Institute of Medicine, Jan Grodek State Vocational School in Sanok, Sanok, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Świętochowska
- Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Zofia Ostrowska
- Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Ziora
- Pediatrics, School of Medicine with Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Sylwia Balcerowicz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital No 1 in Zabrze Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karolina Górska-Flak
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital in Opole University of Opole, Opole, Poland
| | - Magdalena Milan
- Department of Pediatrics, District Hospital, Strzelce Opolskie, Poland
| | - Joanna Oświęcimska
- Pediatrics, School of Medicine with Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Zabrze, Poland
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Kuryłowicz A, Cąkała-Jakimowicz M, Puzianowska-Kuźnicka M. Targeting Abdominal Obesity and Its Complications with Dietary Phytoestrogens. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020582. [PMID: 32102233 PMCID: PMC7071386 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the assessment of the health risk of an obese individual, both the amount of adipose tissue and its distribution and metabolic activity are essential. In adults, the distribution of adipose tissue differs in a gender-dependent manner and is regulated by sex steroids, especially estrogens. Estrogens affect adipocyte differentiation but are also involved in the regulation of the lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory activity of the adipose tissue. Their deficiency results in unfavorable changes in body composition and increases the risk of metabolic complications, which can be partially reversed by hormone replacement therapy. Therefore, the idea of the supplementation of estrogen-like compounds to counteract obesity and related complications is compelling. Phytoestrogens are natural plant-derived dietary compounds that resemble human estrogens in their chemical structure and biological activity. Supplementation with phytoestrogens may confer a range of beneficial effects. However, results of studies on the influence of phytoestrogens on body composition and prevalence of obesity are inconsistent. In this review, we present data from in vitro, animal, and human studies regarding the role of phytoestrogens in adipose tissue development and function in the context of their potential application in the prevention of visceral obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kuryłowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48226086591; Fax: +48226086410
| | - Marta Cąkała-Jakimowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuźnicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (M.C.-J.); (M.P.-K.)
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 61/63 Kleczewska Street, 01-826, Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Borkowska J, Domaszewska-Szostek A, Kołodziej P, Wicik Z, Połosak J, Buyanovskaya O, Charzewski L, Stańczyk M, Noszczyk B, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M. Alterations in 5hmC level and genomic distribution in aging-related epigenetic drift in human adipose stem cells. Epigenomics 2020; 12:423-437. [PMID: 32031421 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To clarify mechanisms affecting the level and distribution of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) during aging. Materials & methods: We examined levels and genomic distribution of 5hmC along with the expression of ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs) in adipose stem cells in young and age-advanced individuals. Results: 5hmC levels were higher in adipose stem cells of age-advanced than young individuals (p = 0.0003), but were not associated with age-related changes in expression of TETs. 5hmC levels correlated with population doubling time (r = 0.62; p = 0.01). We identified 58 differentially hydroxymethylated regions. Hypo-hydroxymethylated differentially hydroxymethylated regions were approximately twofold enriched in CCCTC-binding factor binding sites. Conclusion: Accumulation of 5hmC in aged cells can result from inefficient active demethylation due to altered TETs activity and reduced passive demethylation due to slower proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Borkowska
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Domaszewska-Szostek
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Kołodziej
- Department of Geriatrics & Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 61/63 Kleczewska Street, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zofia Wicik
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Połosak
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Buyanovskaya
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Charzewski
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Stańczyk
- Department of General Surgery, Wolski Hospital, 17 Kasprzaka Street, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Noszczyk
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 99/103 Marymoncka Street, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Geriatrics & Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 61/63 Kleczewska Street, 01-826 Warsaw, Poland
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Investigation of the Effects of a Dietary Supplement on Insulin and Adipokine Concentrations in Equine Metabolic Syndrome/Insulin Dysregulation. J Equine Vet Sci 2020; 88:102930. [PMID: 32303322 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High insulin concentrations are a common clinical feature of equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) and insulin dysregulation. Hyperinsulinemia can induce laminitis, so reduction of insulin concentrations in response to an oral challenge should decrease risk. In human studies, diets containing a polyphenol (resveratrol) led to improvements in insulin sensitivity. In rodents, the addition of leucine to a resveratrol supplement caused a decrease in the amount of resveratrol needed to achieve a clinical effect. We hypothesize a supplementation with a low dose of a synergistic polyphenol and amino acid blend including leucine (SPB+L) would improve metabolic health in EMS/insulin dysregulated horses. Fifteen EMS/ID horses received a high or low dose of SPB+ L daily for 6 weeks. Insulin during an oral sugar test (OST), body condition score, weight, baseline high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were assessed before supplementation (PRE) and after supplementation (POST) via paired Student's t-tests and a repeated-measures mixed-model analysis of variance (significant at P < .05). There were no differences between doses. Horses in the POST group weighed significantly less, had significantly higher baseline HMW adiponectin concentrations, and had significantly lower insulin concentrations at 60- and 75-minute time points (P < .05). Insulin concentrations of the horsesin the POST group, but not in the PRE group, were lower and similar to results from the study conducted three years before the present study (PRIOR) for 0- and 60-minute time points (P < .002). An increased HMW adiponectin level supports increasing insulin sensitivity after supplementation. These results suggest that SPB + L supplementation at either dose leads to improvements in the clinical manifestations of EMS/insulin dysregulation, potentially reducing laminitis risk.
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Chin KY, Wong SK, Ekeuku SO, Pang KL. Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Bone Health - An Evaluation of Epidemiological Studies and Mechanisms Involved. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:3667-3690. [PMID: 33116718 PMCID: PMC7569044 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s275560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis are two medical problems plaguing the ageing populations worldwide. Though seemingly distinctive to each other, metabolic derangements are shown to influence bone health. This review summarises the relationship between MetS and bone health derived from epidemiological studies and explains the mechanistic basis of this relationship. The discourse focuses on the link between MetS and bone mineral density, quantitative sonometric indices, geometry and fracture risk in humans. The interesting sex-specific trend in the relationship, probably due to factors related to body composition and hormonal status, is discussed. Mechanistically, each component of MetS affects the bone distinctly, forming a complex interacting network influencing the skeleton. Lastly, the effects of MetS management, such as pharmacotherapies, exercise and bariatric surgery, on bone, are presented. This review aims to highlight the significant relationship between MetS and bone, and proper management of MetS with the skeletal system in mind could prevent cardiovascular and bone complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Kok-Yong Chin Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaTel +60 3-9145 9573 Email
| | - Sok Kuan Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Lun Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Vitamin D Receptor Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue of Obese Individuals is Regulated by miRNA and Correlates with the Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Level. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215272. [PMID: 31652924 PMCID: PMC6862513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Given the role that vitamin D (VD) plays in the regulation of the inflammatory activity of adipocytes, we aimed to assess whether obesity changes the expression of VD-related genes in adipose tissue and, if so, to investigate whether this phenomenon depends on microRNA interference and how it may influence the local inflammatory milieu. Methods: The expression of genes encoding VD 1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1) and receptor (VDR), selected interleukins and microRNAs was evaluated by real-time PCR in visceral (VAT) and in subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues of 55 obese (BMI > 40 kg/m2) and 31 normal-weight (BMI 20–24.9 kg/m2) individuals. Results: VDR mRNA levels were higher, while CYP27B1 levels were lower in adipose tissues of obese patients than in those of normal-weight controls (VAT: P = 0.04, SAT: P < 0.0001 and VAT: P = 0.004, SAT: P = 0.016, respectively). The expression of VDR in VAT of obese subjects correlated negatively with levels of miR-125a-5p (P = 0.0006, rs = −0.525), miR-125b-5p (P = 0.001, rs = −0.495), and miR-214-3p (P = 0.009, rs = −0.379). Additionally, VDR mRNA concentrations in visceral adipose tissues of obese subjects correlated positively with mRNA levels of interleukins: 1β, 6 and 8. Conclusions: We observed obesity-associated up-regulation of VDR and down-regulation of CYP27B mRNA levels in adipose tissue. VDR expression correlates with the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and may be regulated by miRNAs.
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29
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Suriyaprom K, Kaewprasert S, Putpadungwipon P, Namjuntra P, Klongthalay S. Association of antioxidant status and inflammatory markers with metabolic syndrome in Thais. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2019; 38:1. [PMID: 30606264 PMCID: PMC6318924 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-018-0158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An oxidant/antioxidant disequilibrium has been suggested as having a role in the pathogenesis of some diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is significantly associated with cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The pathogenesis of MS is complex and not well understood. The purposes of the present study were to compare enzymatic and non-enzyme antioxidants, anthropometric, hematological, and biochemical findings between subjects with MS and without MS and to evaluate the relationship between antioxidant status and hematological parameters with the components of MS. METHODS Metabolic syndrome was assessed by using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Three hundred Thais, 124 with MS and 176 without MS, were included in the study. Each subject was tested for erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, (GPX), catalase (CAT), albumin and vitamin C levels, and hematological findings. RESULTS Subjects with MS had lower SOD and CAT levels than those without MS (p < 0.01). Subjects with MS had lower vitamin C and albumin levels than those without MS (p < 0.05). The hematological findings were not significantly different between those with and without MS except the white blood cell (WBC) count which was significantly higher in those with MS. SOD and CAT levels were significantly positively associated with HDL-C levels and negatively associated with components of MS. After adjusting for potential covariates, we found lower SOD and vitamin C levels and higher WBC counts were significantly associated with MS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an alteration in antioxidant status and an increase in inflammatory markers are associated with MS and its components among Thais; subjects with MS may be more likely to have oxidative stress problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanjana Suriyaprom
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand.
| | - Sarunya Kaewprasert
- Department of Tropical Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Pumpath Putpadungwipon
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Pisit Namjuntra
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
| | - Suwit Klongthalay
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Paholyothin Road, Pathumthani, 12000, Thailand
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Badimon L, Cubedo J. Adipose tissue depots and inflammation: effects on plasticity and resident mesenchymal stem cell function. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1064-1073. [PMID: 28498891 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly heterogeneous organ. Beside the heterogeneity associated to different tissue types (white, brown, and 'brite') and its location-related heterogeneity (subcutaneous, visceral, epicardial, and perivascular, etc.), AT composition, structure, and functionality are highly dependent on individual-associated factors. As such, the pro-inflammatory state associated to the presence of obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) directly affects AT metabolism. Furthermore, the adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) that reside in the stromal vascular fraction of AT, besides being responsible for most of the plasticity attributed to AT, is an additional source of heterogeneity. Thus, ASCs directly contribute to AT homeostasis, cell renewal, and spontaneous repair. These ASCs share many properties with the bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (i.e. potential to differentiate towards multiple tissue lineages, and angiogenic, antiapoptotic, and immunomodulatory properties). Moreover, ASCs show clear advantages in terms of accessibility and quantity of available sample, their easy in vitro expansion, and the possibility of having an autologous source. All these properties point out towards a potential use of ASCs in regenerative medicine. However, the presence of obesity and other CVRFs induces a pro-inflammatory state that directly impacts ASCs proliferation and differentiation capacities affecting their regenerative abilities. The focus of this review is to summarize how inflammation affects the different AT depots and the mechanisms by which these changes further enhance the obesity-associated metabolic disturbances. Furthermore, we highlight the impact of obesity-induced inflammation on ASCs properties and how those effects impair their plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, CiberCV, Hospital de Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni M Claret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain.,Cardiovascular Research Chair UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Cubedo
- Cardiovascular Science Institute - ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, CiberCV, Hospital de Sant Pau, c/Sant Antoni MaClaret 167, Barcelona 08025, Spain
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31
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Dietary Quercetin Attenuates Adipose Tissue Expansion and Inflammation and Alters Adipocyte Morphology in a Tissue-Specific Manner. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19030895. [PMID: 29562620 PMCID: PMC5877756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue may contribute to depot-specific adipose tissue expansion, leading to obesity and insulin resistance. Dietary supplementation with quercetin or botanical extracts containing quercetin attenuates high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and insulin resistance and decreases inflammation. Here, we determined the effects of quercetin and red onion extract (ROE) containing quercetin on subcutaneous (inguinal, IWAT) vs. visceral (epididymal, EWAT) white adipose tissue morphology and inflammation in mice fed low fat, high fat, high fat plus 50 μg/day quercetin or high fat plus ROE containing 50 μg/day quercetin equivalents for 9 weeks. Quercetin and ROE similarly ameliorated HFD-induced increases in adipocyte size and decreases in adipocyte number in IWAT and EWAT. Furthermore, quercetin and ROE induced alterations in adipocyte morphology in IWAT. Quercetin and ROE similarly decreased HFD-induced IWAT inflammation. However, quercetin and red onion differentially affected HFD-induced EWAT inflammation, with quercetin decreasing and REO increasing inflammatory marker gene expression. Quercetin and REO also differentially regulated circulating adipokine levels. These results show that quercetin or botanical extracts containing quercetin induce white adipose tissue remodeling which may occur through inflammatory-related mechanisms.
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32
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Al-Attar A, Presnell SR, Clasey JL, Long DE, Walton RG, Sexton M, Starr ME, Kern PA, Peterson CA, Lutz CT. Human Body Composition and Immunity: Visceral Adipose Tissue Produces IL-15 and Muscle Strength Inversely Correlates with NK Cell Function in Elderly Humans. Front Immunol 2018; 9:440. [PMID: 29559978 PMCID: PMC5845694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion control infections and cancers, but these crucial activities decline with age. NK cell development, homeostasis, and function require IL-15 and its chaperone, IL-15 receptor alpha (IL-15Rα). Macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) are major sources of these proteins. We had previously postulated that additional IL-15 and IL-15Rα is made by skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. These sources may be important in aging, when IL-15-producing immune cells decline. NK cells circulate through adipose tissue, where they may be exposed to local IL-15. The objectives of this work were to determine (1) if human muscle, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are sources of IL-15 and IL-15 Rα, and (2) whether any of these tissues correlate with NK cell activity in elderly humans. We first investigated IL-15 and IL-15Rα RNA expression in paired muscle and SAT biopsies from healthy human subjects. Both tissues expressed these transcripts, but IL-15Rα RNA levels were higher in SAT than in skeletal muscle. We also investigated tissue obtained from surgeries and found that SAT and VAT expressed equivalent amounts of IL-15 and IL-15Rα RNA, respectively. Furthermore, stromal vascular fraction cells expressed more IL-15 RNA than did adipocytes. To test if these findings related to circulating IL-15 protein and NK cell function, we tested 50 healthy adults aged > 70 years old. Plasma IL-15 levels significantly correlated with abdominal VAT mass in the entire cohort and in non-obese subjects. However, plasma IL-15 levels did not correlate with skeletal muscle cross-sectional area and correlated inversely with muscle strength. Plasma IL-15 did correlate with NK cell cytotoxic granule exocytosis and with CCL4 (MIP-1β) production in response to NKp46-crosslinking. Additionally, NK cell responses to K562 leukemia cells correlated inversely with muscle strength. With aging, immune function declines while infections, cancers, and deaths increase. We propose that VAT-derived IL-15 and IL-15Rα is a compensatory NK cell support mechanism in elderly humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Al-Attar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Steven R Presnell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Jody L Clasey
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, College of Education, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Douglas E Long
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - R Grace Walton
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Morgan Sexton
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Marlene E Starr
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Philip A Kern
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Charlotte A Peterson
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Charles T Lutz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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NGS Reveals Molecular Pathways Affected by Obesity and Weight Loss-Related Changes in miRNA Levels in Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010066. [PMID: 29280944 PMCID: PMC5796016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both obesity and weight loss may cause molecular changes in adipose tissue. This study aimed to characterize changes in adipose tissue miRNome in order to identify molecular pathways affected by obesity and weight changes. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was applied to identify microRNAs (miRNAs) differentially expressed in 47 samples of visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues from normal-weight (N), obese (O) and obese after surgery-induced weight loss (PO) individuals. Subsequently miRNA expression was validated by real-time PCR in 197 adipose tissues and bioinformatics analysis performed to identify molecular pathways affected by obesity-related changes in miRNA expression. NGS identified 344 miRNAs expressed in adipose tissues with ≥5 reads per million. Using >2 and <−2 fold change as cut-offs we showed that the expression of 54 miRNAs differed significantly between VAT-O and SAT-O. Equally, between SAT-O and SAT-N, the expression of 20 miRNAs differed significantly, between SAT-PO and SAT-N the expression of 79 miRNAs differed significantly, and between SAT-PO and SAT-O, the expression of 61 miRNAs differed significantly. Ontological analyses disclosed several molecular pathways regulated by these miRNAs in adipose tissue. NGS-based miRNome analysis characterized changes of the miRNA profile of adipose tissue, which are associated with changes of weight possibly responsible for a differential regulation of molecular pathways in adipose tissue when the individual is obese and after the individual has lost weight.
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Duan Y, Li F, Wang W, Guo Q, Wen C, Li Y, Yin Y. Interleukin-15 in obesity and metabolic dysfunction: current understanding and future perspectives. Obes Rev 2017; 18:1147-1158. [PMID: 28752527 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity rises rapidly and is a major health concern for modern people. Importantly, it is a major risk factor in the development of numerous chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, interleukin (IL)-15 has attracted considerable attention as a potential regulator for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity and T2DM. The beneficial effects include increased loss of fat mass and body weight, improved lipid and glucose metabolism, reduced white adipose tissue inflammation, enhanced mitochondrial function, alterations in the composition of muscle fibres and gut bacterial and attenuated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Although these beneficial effects are somewhat controversial, IL-15, exogenously delivered or endogenously produced, may be a promising target in the prevention and treatment of obesity and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Duan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - F Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, CICSAP, Changsha, China
| | - W Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Q Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - C Wen
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Y Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Yin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences; National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production; Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, School of Biology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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ČEJKOVÁ S, KRÁLOVÁ LESNÁ I, FRONĚK J, JANOUŠEK L, KRÁLOVÁ A, ŽDYCHOVÁ J, Thieme F, POLEDNE R. Pro-Inflammatory Gene Expression in Adipose Tissue of Patients With Atherosclerosis. Physiol Res 2017; 66:633-640. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory changes, both in the arterial wall and adipose tissue, play a crucial role in the development of atherosclerosis. We measured the gene expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in adipose tissue (AT) of living kidney donors (LKD) and patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and flow cytometry analyses were performed in subcutaneous (SAT), visceral (VAT), and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Data of PAD patients showed significantly higher expression in VAT in all three genes (TNFα 5-fold, p<0.05; MCP-1 3.6-fold, p<0.05; IL-6 18.8-fold, p<0.001). The differences in PVAT and SAT were less significant. Total body pro-inflammatory status was documented by higher TNFα concentration in patients (4.86±1.4 pg/ml) compared to LKDs (2.14±0.9 pg/ml; p<0.001), as was hsCRP (11.8±7.0 in PAD; 1.5±0.48 in LKDs; p=0.017). We found no age-dependent relationship between gene expression vs. TNFα and hsCRP concentrations in both compared groups. No effect of the atherosclerosis score on gene expression and circulating inflammatory markers within the PAD group was observed. Our results suggest that the AT of PAD patients infiltrated with macrophages produces more cytokines involved in the development of inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - R. POLEDNE
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
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36
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Jonas MI, Kurylowicz A, Bartoszewicz Z, Lisik W, Jonas M, Domienik-Karlowicz J, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M. Adiponectin/resistin interplay in serum and in adipose tissue of obese and normal-weight individuals. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:95. [PMID: 29213336 PMCID: PMC5709988 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0293-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between adiponectin and resistin, the two adipokines of opposite effects, may determine the metabolic profile of obese individuals and development of obesity-related complications. The current study was conducted to assess how adiponectin/resistin interplay in sera and adipose tissues may influence the metabolic profile of obese and normal-weight subjects. METHODS Concentrations of adiponectin and resistin were measured on protein level by immunoassay in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues from 50 obese (body mass index > 40 kg/m2) and 28 normal-weight (body mass index 20-24.9 kg/m2) individuals. Simultaneously expression of ADIPOQ and RETN (encoding adiponectin and resistin, respectively) was assessed on mRNA level by real-time PCR. RESULTS ADIPOQ mRNA (P = 0.0001) and adiponectin protein (P = 0.0013) levels were lower, while RETN mRNA (P = 0.0338) and resistin (P < 0.0001)-higher in subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese subjects. ADIPOQ and RETN mRNA levels did not correlate with protein concentrations in the investigated adipose tissues. In obesity adiponectin serum concentrations correlated positively with ADIPOQ mRNA in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P = 0.005) and negatively with protein levels in visceral adipose tissue (P = 0.001). Obesity was associated with higher adiponectin-resistin index value in sera (P < 0.0001) and decreased in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.001), but only adiponectin-resistin index measured in sera was significantly higher in obese with the metabolic syndrome (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Obesity affects synthesis of adiponectin and resistin mainly in subcutaneous adipose tissue. The adiponectin-resistin index assessed in the adipose tissues has a different prognostic value compared to the adiponectin-resistin index in serum and does not reflect a metabolic risk in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Izabela Jonas
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alina Kurylowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Bartoszewicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Lisik
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maurycy Jonas
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, 59 Nowogrodzka Street, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Domienik-Karlowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Lindleya Street, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawinskiego Street, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, 99 Marymoncka Street, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland
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Ogura T, Suzuki M, Sakuma Y, Yamauchi K, Orita S, Miyagi M, Ishikawa T, Kamoda H, Oikawa Y, Kanisawa I, Takahashi K, Sakai H, Nagamine T, Fukuda H, Takahashi K, Ohtori S, Tsuchiya A. Differences in levels of inflammatory mediators in meniscal and synovial tissue of patients with meniscal lesions. J Exp Orthop 2016; 3:7. [PMID: 26915007 PMCID: PMC4740471 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-016-0041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meniscal injuries are a risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). While a mechanical pathway between meniscal injury and OA has been described, the biological effects of inflammation on this pathway have yet to be clarified. The aim of our study was to compare levels of specific inflammatory mediators, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nerve growth factor (NGF), in injured and uninjured meniscal tissue and related knee joint synovium. METHODS Tissue samples were obtained from 19 patients, 31.1 ± 13.6 years old, who underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. For analysis, tissue samples were categorized into the following groups: injured meniscal site (IM), non-injured meniscal site (NIM), synovium 'nearest' the lesion (NS), and synovium from the opposite knee compartment, 'farthest' synovium (FS). Levels of inflammatory mediators were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and between-group differences (IM and NIM; NS and FS) were evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The association between pre-operative pain score and the level of each inflammatory mediator was evaluated using Spearman's correlation. RESULTS Higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were identified in the IM tissue, compared to NIM (p <0.05). IL-6 levels were also higher in the NS compared to the FS (p <0.05). There was no correlation between pre-operative pain score and level of each inflammatory mediator. CONCLUSIONS Our outcomes confirm a local increase in inflammatory mediator levels, in both meniscal and synovial tissue, which could contribute to development of OA. Management of these biological effects of meniscal injury might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ogura
- Funabashi Orthopaedic Hospital Sports Medicine Center, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Miyako Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Sakuma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kazuyo Yamauchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Sumihisa Orita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Miyagi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Tetsuhiro Ishikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Hiroto Kamoda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Oikawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Izumi Kanisawa
- Funabashi Orthopaedic Hospital Sports Medicine Center, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kenji Takahashi
- Funabashi Orthopaedic Hospital Sports Medicine Center, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Funabashi Orthopaedic Hospital Sports Medicine Center, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Tomonori Nagamine
- Funabashi Orthopaedic Hospital Sports Medicine Center, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Hideaki Fukuda
- Funabashi Orthopaedic Hospital Sports Medicine Center, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Kazuhisa Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Tsuchiya
- Funabashi Orthopaedic Hospital Sports Medicine Center, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan.
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Mehmood ZTNH, Papandreou D. An Updated Mini Review of Vitamin D and Obesity: Adipogenesis and Inflammation State. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:526-532. [PMID: 27703587 PMCID: PMC5042647 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D related research continues to expand and theorise regarding its involvement in obesity, as both hypovitaminosis D and obesity strike in pandemic proportions. Vitamin D plays an important role in immune system through Vitamin D Receptors (VDR), which are transcription factors located abundantly in the body. Due to this characteristic, it is potentially linked to obesity, which is a state of inflammation involving the release of cytokines from adipose tissue, and exerting stress on other organs in a state of positive energy balance. Research trials in the past couple of years and systematic reviews from SCOPUS and MEDLINE will be discussed. The role of Vitamin D throughout the lifespan (from fetal imprinting until older age), and in various other obesity mediated chronic conditions shall be highlighted. Various mechanisms attributed to the inverse relationship of Vitamin D and obesity are discussed with research gaps identified, particularly the role of adipokines, epigenetics, calcium and type of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitrios Papandreou
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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39
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Kurylowicz A, Owczarz M, Polosak J, Jonas MI, Lisik W, Jonas M, Chmura A, Puzianowska-Kuznicka M. SIRT1 and SIRT7 expression in adipose tissues of obese and normal-weight individuals is regulated by microRNAs but not by methylation status. Int J Obes (Lond) 2016; 40:1635-1642. [PMID: 27480132 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2016.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Given their importance in the regulation of metabolism, sirtuins (SIRTs) constitute promising subjects of research on the pathogenesis of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to assess whether obesity in humans is associated with changes in the expression of SIRT genes in adipose tissue and whether epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation and microRNA (miRNA) interference, mediate in this phenomenon. SUBJECTS/METHODS The expression of SIRTs and of SIRT1 and SIRT7 mRNA-interacting miRNAs was evaluated by real-time PCR in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of 58 obese (body mass index (BMI) >40 kg m-2) and 31 normal-weight (BMI 20-24.9 kg m-2) individuals. The methylation status of SIRTs was studied by the methylation-sensitive digestion/real-time PCR method. RESULTS SIRT1 mRNA levels were lower in adipose tissues of obese patients than of normal-weight controls (VAT: P=0.0002, SAT: P=0.008). In contrast, expression of SIRT7 was higher in adipose tissues of obese patients than in the control group (VAT: P=0.001, SAT: P=0.008). The mean methylation of the SIRT1 and SIRT7 CpG islands was similar in tissues with high and low expression of these genes, and there was no correlation between the level of expression and the level of methylation. On the other hand, expression of SIRT1 in VAT of obese subjects correlated negatively with the expression of miR-22-3p (P<0.0001, rs=-0.514), miR-34a-5p (P=0.01, rs=-0.326) and miR-181a-3p (P<0.0001, rs=-0.536). In turn, expression of SIRT7 in VAT of slim individuals correlated negatively with the expression of miR-125a-5p (P=0.003, rs=-0.562) and miR-125b-5p (P=0.018, rs=-0.460). CONCLUSIONS We observed obesity-associated downregulation of SIRT1 and upregulation of SIRT7 mRNA levels that were not associated with the methylation status of their promoters. We found a negative correlation between mRNA levels of SIRT1 in VAT of obese individuals and SIRT7 in VAT of the normal-weight subjects and expression of the relevant miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kurylowicz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Owczarz
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Polosak
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M I Jonas
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - W Lisik
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Jonas
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Chmura
- Department of General and Transplantation Surgery, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Puzianowska-Kuznicka
- Department of Human Epigenetics, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland
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Salimi M, Broumand B, Mozdarani H. Association of elevated frequency of micronuclei in peripheral blood lymphocytes of type 2 diabetes patients with nephropathy complications. Mutagenesis 2016; 31:627-633. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gew029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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