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Martemucci G, Khalil M, Di Luca A, Abdallah H, D’Alessandro AG. Comprehensive Strategies for Metabolic Syndrome: How Nutrition, Dietary Polyphenols, Physical Activity, and Lifestyle Modifications Address Diabesity, Cardiovascular Diseases, and Neurodegenerative Conditions. Metabolites 2024; 14:327. [PMID: 38921462 PMCID: PMC11206163 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Several hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, low-to-medium systemic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, represent a pathological bridge between metabolic syndrome and diabesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to highlight some therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome involving integrative approaches to improve lifestyle and daily diet. The beneficial effects of foods containing antioxidant polyphenols, intestinal microbiota control, and physical activity were also considered. We comprehensively examined a large body of published articles involving basic, animal, and human studie, as well as recent guidelines. As a result, dietary polyphenols from natural plant-based antioxidants and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, along with physical exercise, are promising complementary therapies to delay or prevent the onset of metabolic syndrome and counteract diabesity and cardiovascular diseases, as well as to protect against neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive decline. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota reduces the risks associated with MS, improves diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and exerts neuroprotective action. Despite several studies, the estimation of dietary polyphenol intake is inconclusive and requires further evidence. Lifestyle interventions involving physical activity and reduced calorie intake can improve metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamad Khalil
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Alessio Di Luca
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy; (A.D.L.); (A.G.D.)
| | - Hala Abdallah
- Clinica Medica “A. Murri”, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePre-J), University of Bari Medical School, 70121 Bari, Italy;
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Zhang J, Xu T, Huang Y, Li R, Wang K, Lin X, Jin L. Sex differences in the relationships between macronutrients and all-cause mortality in individuals with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity. Nutrition 2024; 122:112393. [PMID: 38460445 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates sex differences in the effects of macronutrient quantity, quality, and timing on mortality in metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO) populations. The study included 18,345 participants, including 9204 men and 9141 women. The Cox proportional risk model and isocaloric substitution effects were used to examine the association of macronutrient intake and subtype with all-cause mortality in the MUO populations. After adjusting for the potential covariates, The risk of all-cause mortality was elevated in men in the highest 25% percentile of poor-quality carbohydrates compared with men in the lowest quartile (odds ratio [OR]: 2.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-2.98). Compared with women in the lowest quartile, the risk of all-cause mortality for women in the highest 25% percentile for high-quality carbohydrates (OR: 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55-0.99) and unsaturated fatty acids (OR: 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32-0.93) were decreased. In women, replacing low-quality carbohydrates with high-quality carbohydrates on an isocaloric basis reduces the risk of all-cause mortality by approximately 9%. We find that different macronutrient consumption subtypes are associated with all-cause mortality in MUO populations, with differential effects between men and women, and that the risk of all-cause mortality is influenced by macronutrient quality and meal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tong Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yingxiang Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Runhong Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kaiyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinli Lin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lina Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Kraus VB, Hsueh MF. Molecular biomarker approaches to prevention of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:272-289. [PMID: 38605249 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Up to 50% of individuals develop post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) within 10 years following knee-joint injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament rupture or acute meniscal tear. Lower-extremity PTOA prevalence is estimated to account for ≥12% of all symptomatic osteoarthritis (OA), or approximately 5.6 million cases in the USA. With knowledge of the inciting event, it might be possible to 'catch PTOA in the act' with sensitive imaging and soluble biomarkers and thereby prevent OA sequelae by early intervention. Existing biomarker data in the joint-injury literature can provide insights into the pathogenesis and early risk trajectory related to PTOA and can help to elucidate a research agenda for preventing or slowing the onset of PTOA. Non-traumatic OA and PTOA have many clinical, radiological and genetic similarities, and efforts to understand early risk trajectories in PTOA might therefore contribute to the identification and classification of early non-traumatic OA, which is the most prevalent form of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Byers Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Ming-Feng Hsueh
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Bian C, Ji S, Xue R, Zhou L, Sun J, Ji H. Molecular cloning and characterization of BNIP3 and NIX1/2 and their role in DHA-induced mitophagy and apoptosis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) adipocytes. Gene 2024; 899:148140. [PMID: 38185291 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma-2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and BNIP3 like (BNIP3L or NIX) play a vital role in regulating mitophagy and the intrinsic apoptosis in mammals, but their gene characterizations remain unclear in fish. Herein, bnip3, nix1 and nix2 were isolated and characterized from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), which encode peptides of 194, 233 and 222 amino acids, respectively. As typical BH3-only proteins, grass carp BNIP3, NIX1 and NIX2 proteins contain BH3 and C-terminal transmembrane domains for inducing apoptosis. Moreover, the LC3-interacting region motif of BNIP3, NIX1 and NIX2 is also conserved in grass carp. Phylogenetic analyses also demonstrated that nix1 and nix2 may have originated from the genome duplication event. Expression pattern analysis indicated that bnip3, nix1 and nix2 were highest expressed in brain, followed by eye (bnip3) and liver (nix1 and nix2). BNIP3, NIX1 and NIX2 localized to the nucleus and the cytoplasm, with a predominant localization to mitochondria within the cytoplasm. In the present study, we found that 200 μM DHA impaired the mitochondrial function, manifested as the decreased antioxidant ability, cellular ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential in grass carp adipocytes. In addition, the gene expression and enzyme activities of caspase family were significantly increased in 200 μM DHA group, indicating that adipocyte apoptosis was induced. Meanwhile, DHA increased the gene expression of bnip3, nix1 and nix2 in a dose-dependent manner in grass carp adipocytes. The colocalization of mitochondria and lysosomes was promoted by 200 μM DHA treatment, implying that BNIP3/NIX-related mitophagy was activated in adipocytes. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that BNIP3/NIX-related mitophagy may be involved in the adipocyte apoptosis induced by DHA in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Bian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shanghong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rongrong Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Xiong T, Huang S, Wang X, Shi Y, He J, Yuan Y, Wang R, Gu H, Liu L. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alleviate the progression of obesity-related osteoarthritis and protect cartilage through inhibiting the HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 128:111498. [PMID: 38218011 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint degenerative disease. There is currently no cure for OA. Dietary fatty acids have potential value in the prevention and treatment of OA. n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory effects, but their anti-OA mechanism remains unclear. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) promotes inflammation and participates the pathogenesis of OA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of n-3 PUFAs on cartilage and whether n-3 PUFAs could exert an anti-OA effect through inhibiting HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathway. We established an obesity-related post-traumatic OA mice model and an in vitro study was conducted to explore the regulatory mechanism of n-3 PUFAs on HMGB1 and its signal pathway against OA. We found that diet rich in n-3 PUFAs alleviated OA-like lesions of articular cartilage with the decrease of HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling protein in mice. In SW1353 cells, DHA significantly reduced the expression of HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling protein which was up-regulated by IL-1β stimulation. HMGB1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of DHA on HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathway. The activation of SIRT1 may participate the inhibitory effect of DHA on HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathway. In conclusion, n-3 PUFAs could attenuate the progression of obesity-related OA and exert protective effect on cartilage by inhibiting HMGB1-RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathway, which may be associated with the activation of SIRT1. Dietary n-3 PUFAs supplements can be considered as a potential therapeutic substance for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Shiqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Xinjuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Jianyi He
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Ye Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Ruiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
| | - Hailun Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, 110004, PR China.
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, China Medical University, 110122, PR China.
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Samrit T, Osotprasit S, Chaiwichien A, Suksomboon P, Chansap S, Athipornchai A, Changklungmoa N, Kueakhai P. Cold-Pressed Sacha Inchi Oil: High in Omega-3 and Prevents Fat Accumulation in the Liver. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:220. [PMID: 38399435 PMCID: PMC10892392 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The ability of oil supplementation to inhibit various metabolic syndromes has been recognized. However, there are currently no studies determining the effects of oil supplements on healthy conditions. Plukenetia volubilis L., also known as Sacha inchi, is a seed rich in essential unsaturated fatty acids that improves metabolic syndrome diseases, such as obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver. However, the health benefits and effects of Sacha inchi oil (SIO) supplementation remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the chemical effects and properties of Sacha inchi oil. The results of the chemical compound analysis showed that Sacha inchi is an abundant source of ω-3 fatty acids, with a content of 44.73%, and exhibits scavenging activity of 240.53 ± 11.74 and 272.41 ± 6.95 µg Trolox/g, determined via DPPH and ABTS assays, respectively, while both olive and lard oils exhibited lower scavenging activities compared with Sacha inchi. Regarding liver histology, rats given Sacha inchi supplements showed lower TG accumulation and fat droplet distribution in the liver than those given lard supplements, with fat areas of approximately 14.19 ± 6.49% and 8.15 ± 2.40%, respectively. In conclusion, our findings suggest that Sacha inchi oil is a plant source of ω-3 fatty acids and antioxidants and does not induce fatty liver and pathology in the kidney, pancreas, and spleen. Therefore, it has the potential to be used as a dietary supplement to improve metabolic syndrome diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tepparit Samrit
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Supawadee Osotprasit
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Athit Chaiwichien
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Phawiya Suksomboon
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Supanan Chansap
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Anan Athipornchai
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand;
| | - Narin Changklungmoa
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
| | - Pornanan Kueakhai
- Food Bioactive Compounds Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-District, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand; (T.S.); (S.O.); (A.C.); (P.S.); (S.C.); (N.C.)
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Kaffe E, Tisi A, Magkrioti C, Aidinis V, Mehal WZ, Flavell RA, Maccarrone M. Bioactive signalling lipids as drivers of chronic liver diseases. J Hepatol 2024; 80:140-154. [PMID: 37741346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are important in multiple cellular functions, with most having structural or energy storage roles. However, a small fraction of lipids exert bioactive roles through binding to G protein-coupled receptors and induce a plethora of processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, growth, migration, apoptosis, senescence and survival. Bioactive signalling lipids are potent modulators of metabolism and energy homeostasis, inflammation, tissue repair and malignant transformation. All these events are involved in the initiation and progression of chronic liver diseases. In this review, we focus specifically on the roles of bioactive lipids derived from phospholipids (lyso-phospholipids) and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (eicosanoids, pro-resolving lipid mediators and endocannabinoids) in prevalent chronic liver diseases (alcohol-associated liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma). We discuss the balance between pathogenic and beneficial bioactive lipids as well as potential therapeutic targets related to the agonism or antagonism of their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanna Kaffe
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 06511, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Wajahat Z Mehal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 06511, New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy; Laboratory of Lipid Neurochemistry, European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy.
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Sandoval C, Nahuelqueo K, Mella L, Recabarren B, Souza-Mello V, Farías J. Role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic, in the regulation of gene expression during the development of obesity: a systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1288804. [PMID: 38024342 PMCID: PMC10665854 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1288804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There exists a correlation between obesity and the consumption of an excessive amount of calories, with a particular association between the intake of saturated and trans fats and an elevated body mass index. Omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, have been identified as potential preventive nutrients against the cardiometabolic hazards that are commonly associated with obesity. The objective of this comprehensive review was to elucidate the involvement of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, in the modulation of gene expression during the progression of obesity. Methods The present analysis focused on primary studies that investigated the association between long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, gene expression, and obesity in individuals aged 18 to 65 years. Furthermore, a comprehensive search was conducted on many databases until August 2023 to identify English-language scholarly articles utilizing MeSH terms and textual content pertaining to long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, gene expression, obesity, and omega-3. The protocol has been registered on PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42022298395. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on a total of nine primary research articles. All research collected and presented quantitative data. Results and Discussion The findings of our study indicate that the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid may have potential advantages and efficacy in addressing noncommunicable diseases, including obesity. This can be attributed to their anti-inflammatory properties and their ability to regulate genes associated with obesity, such as PPARγ and those within the ALOX family. Systematic Review Registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022298395, CRD42022298395.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Sandoval
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno, Chile
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Preclínicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Karen Nahuelqueo
- Carrera de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Luciana Mella
- Carrera de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Blanca Recabarren
- Carrera de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratorio de Morfometría, Metabolismo y Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Centro Biomédico, Instituto de Biología, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jorge Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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Grigorova N, Ivanova Z, Vachkova E, Petrova V, Penev T. DHA-Provoked Reduction in Adipogenesis and Glucose Uptake Could Be Mediated by Gps2 Upregulation in Immature 3T3-L1 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13325. [PMID: 37686130 PMCID: PMC10487817 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The signaling pathway of fatty acids in the context of obesity is an extensively explored topic, yet their primary mechanism of action remains incompletely understood. This study aims to examine the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on some crucial aspects of adipogenesis in differentiating 3T3-L1 cells, using palmitic acid-treated (PA), standard differentiated, and undifferentiated adipocytes as controls. Employing 60 µM DHA or PA, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated from the onset of adipogenesis, with negative and positive controls included. After eight days, we performed microscopic observations, cell viability assays, the determination of adiponectin concentration, intracellular lipid accumulation, and gene expression analysis. Our findings demonstrated that DHA inhibits adipogenesis, lipolysis, and glucose uptake by suppressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparg) and G-protein coupled receptor 120 (Gpr120) gene expression. Cell cytotoxicity was ruled out as a causative factor, and β-oxidation involvement was suspected. These results challenge the conventional belief that omega-3 fatty acids, acting as Pparg and Gpr120 agonists, promote adipogenesis and enhance insulin-dependent glucose cell flux. Moreover, we propose a novel hypothesis suggesting the key role of the co-repressor G protein pathway suppressor 2 in mediating this process. Additional investigations are required to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving DHA's anti-adipogenic effect and its broader health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Grigorova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.I.); (E.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Zhenya Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.I.); (E.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Ekaterina Vachkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.I.); (E.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Valeria Petrova
- Department of Pharmacology, Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria; (Z.I.); (E.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Toncho Penev
- Department of Ecology and Animal Hygiene, Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria;
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Parunyakul K, Chuchoiy A, Kooltueon S, Puttagamnerd P, Srisuksai K, Santativongchai P, Pongchairerk U, Tulayakul P, E-kobon T, Fungfuang W. Effect of the oil from the fatty tissues of Crocodylus siamensis on gut microbiome diversity and metabolism in mice. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289073. [PMID: 37506097 PMCID: PMC10381048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fat can alter host metabolism and gut microbial composition. Crocodile oil (CO) was extracted from the fatty tissues of Crocodylus siamensis. CO, rich in monounsaturated- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, has been reported to reduce inflammation, counter toxification, and improve energy metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of CO on gut microbiota (GM) in laboratory mice as well as the accompanying metabolic changes in the animals. Forty-five C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into five groups and orally administrated either sterile water (control [C]); 1 or 3% (v/w) CO (CO-low [CO-L] and CO-high [CO-H], respectively); or 1 or 3% (v/w) palm oil (PO-low and PO-high, respectively) for 11 weeks. Body weight gain, food intake, energy intake, blood glucose levels, and blood lipid profiles were determined. Samples from colon tissue were collected and the 16S rRNA genes were pyrosequenced to clarify GM analyses. The results showed that there were no differences in body weight and blood glucose levels. Food intake by the mice in the CO-L and CO-H groups was statistically significantly less when compared to that by the animals in the C group. However, neither CO treatment had a statistically significant effect on calorie intake when compared to the controls. The CO-H exhibited a significant increase in serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein but showed a downward trend in triglyceride levels compared to the control. The GM analyses revealed that both CO treatments have no significant influence on bacterial diversity and relative abundance at the phylum level, whereas increases of Choa1 and abundance-based coverage estimator indexes, distinct β-diversity, and Proteobacteria abundance were observed in the PO-high group compared with the C group. Furthermore, the abundance of Azospirillum thiophilum and Romboutsia ilealis was significantly higher in the CO-L and CO-H groups which could be associated with energy metabolic activity. Thus, CO may be an alternative fat source for preserving host metabolism and gut flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kongphop Parunyakul
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aphisara Chuchoiy
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasiporn Kooltueon
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Krittika Srisuksai
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pitchaya Santativongchai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bio-Veterinary Sciences (International Program), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Urai Pongchairerk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phitsanu Tulayakul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Public Health, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Teerasak E-kobon
- Faculty of Science, Department of Genetics, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wirasak Fungfuang
- Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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11
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Martínez-Iglesias O, Naidoo V, Corzo L, Carrera I, Seoane S, Rodríguez S, Alcaraz M, Muñiz A, Cacabelos N, Cacabelos R. Proteomic and Global DNA Methylation Modulation in Lipid Metabolism Disorders with a Marine-Derived Bioproduct. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:806. [PMID: 37372091 DOI: 10.3390/biology12060806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stroke. Our recent findings showed that RCI-1502, a bioproduct derived from the muscle of the European S. pilchardus, has lipid-lowering effects in the liver and heart in high-fat diet (HFD) fed mice. In the present follow-up study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of RCI-1502 on gene expression and DNA methylation in HFD-fed mice and in patients with dyslipidemia. Using LC-MS/MS, we identified 75 proteins in RCI-1502 that are primarily involved in binding and catalytic activity and which regulate pathways implicated in cardiovascular diseases. In HFD-fed mice, RCI-1502 treatment significantly reduced the expression of cardiovascular disease-related genes, including vascular cell adhesion molecule and angiotensin. RCI-1502 also decreased DNA methylation levels, which were elevated in HFD-fed mice, to levels similar to those in control animals. Furthermore, peripheral blood leukocyte DNA from dyslipidemic patients exhibited higher DNA methylation levels than healthy individuals, suggesting a potential association with cardiovascular risk. Serum analysis also revealed that RCI-1502 treatment regulated cholesterol and triglyceride levels in patients with dyslipidemia. Our findings appear to suggest that RCI-1502 is an epigenetic modulator for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, specifically in individuals with dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaia Martínez-Iglesias
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
| | - Vinogran Naidoo
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
| | - Lola Corzo
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
| | - Iván Carrera
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
| | - Silvia Seoane
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
| | - Susana Rodríguez
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
| | - Margarita Alcaraz
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
| | - Adriana Muñiz
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
| | - Natalia Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
| | - Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, 15165 Bergondo, Corunna, Spain
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12
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Colasante C, Bonilla-Martinez R, Berg T, Windhorst A, Baumgart-Vogt E. Peroxisomes during postnatal development of mouse endocrine and exocrine pancreas display cell-type- and stage-specific protein composition. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03766-6. [PMID: 37126142 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03766-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisomal dysfunction unhinges cellular metabolism by causing the accumulation of toxic metabolic intermediates (e.g. reactive oxygen species, very -chain fatty acids, phytanic acid or eicosanoids) and the depletion of important lipid products (e.g. plasmalogens, polyunsaturated fatty acids), leading to various proinflammatory and devastating pathophysiological conditions like metabolic syndrome and age-related diseases including diabetes. Because the peroxisomal antioxidative marker enzyme catalase is low abundant in Langerhans islet cells, peroxisomes were considered scarcely present in the endocrine pancreas. Recently, studies demonstrated that the peroxisomal metabolism is relevant for pancreatic cell functionality. During the postnatal period, significant changes occur in the cell structure and the metabolism to trigger the final maturation of the pancreas, including cell proliferation, regulation of energy metabolism, and activation of signalling pathways. Our aim in this study was to (i) morphometrically analyse the density of peroxisomes in mouse endocrine versus exocrine pancreas and (ii) investigate how the distribution and the abundance of peroxisomal proteins involved in biogenesis, antioxidative defence and fatty acid metabolism change during pancreatic maturation in the postnatal period. Our results prove that endocrine and exocrine pancreatic cells contain high amounts of peroxisomes with heterogeneous protein content indicating that distinct endocrine and exocrine cell types require a specific set of peroxisomal proteins depending on their individual physiological functions. We further show that significant postnatal changes occur in the peroxisomal compartment of different pancreatic cells that are most probably relevant for the metabolic maturation and differentiation of the pancreas during the development from birth to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Colasante
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig -University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rocio Bonilla-Martinez
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig -University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Timm Berg
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig -University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Anita Windhorst
- Institute for Medical Informatic, Justus Liebig University, Rudolf-Buchheim-Str. 6, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Eveline Baumgart-Vogt
- Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Cell Biology, Justus Liebig -University, Aulweg 123, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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13
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Chen L, Zhang Q, Meng Y, Zhao T, Mu C, Fu C, Deng C, Feng J, Du S, Liu W, Geng G, Ma K, Cheng H, Liu Q, Luo Q, Zhang J, Du Z, Cao L, Wang H, Liu Y, Lin J, Chen G, Liu L, Lam SM, Shui G, Zhu Y, Chen Q. Saturated fatty acids increase LPI to reduce FUNDC1 dimerization and stability and mitochondrial function. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e54731. [PMID: 36847607 PMCID: PMC10074135 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202254731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ectopic lipid deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction are common etiologies of obesity and metabolic disorders. Excessive dietary uptake of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) causes mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disorders, while unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) counterbalance these detrimental effects. It remains elusive how SFAs and UFAs differentially signal toward mitochondria for mitochondrial performance. We report here that saturated dietary fatty acids such as palmitic acid (PA), but not unsaturated oleic acid (OA), increase lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) production to impact on the stability of the mitophagy receptor FUNDC1 and on mitochondrial quality. Mechanistically, PA shifts FUNDC1 from dimer to monomer via enhanced production of LPI. Monomeric FUNDC1 shows increased acetylation at K104 due to dissociation of HDAC3 and increased interaction with Tip60. Acetylated FUNDC1 can be further ubiquitinated by MARCH5 for proteasomal degradation. Conversely, OA antagonizes PA-induced accumulation of LPI, and FUNDC1 monomerization and degradation. A fructose-, palmitate-, and cholesterol-enriched (FPC) diet also affects FUNDC1 dimerization and promotes its degradation in a non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mouse model. We thus uncover a signaling pathway that orchestrates lipid metabolism with mitochondrial quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qianping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Tian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Chenglong Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Changying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Caijuan Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jianyu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Siling Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Guangfeng Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Kaili Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hongcheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qiangqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhanqiang Du
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Lin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Hui Wang
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Yong Liu
- Cancer InstituteXuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhouChina
| | - Jianping Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Frontiers Science Center for Cell ResponsesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- LipidAll Technologies Company LimitedChangzhouChina
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yushan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjinChina
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14
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Brayner B, Perez-Cornago A, Kaur G, Keske MA, Piernas C, Livingstone KM. Cross-sectional associations of dietary patterns characterized by fat type with markers of cardiometabolic health. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:797-808. [PMID: 36890071 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Individual dietary fats can differentially impact on cardiometabolic health. However, their impact within a dietary pattern is not well understood, and warrants comparison with diet quality scores with a dietary fat focus. The aim of this study was to investigate cross-sectional associations between a posteriori dietary patterns characterized by fat type and cardiometabolic health markers, and compare these with two diet quality scores. METHODS AND RESULTS UK Biobank adults with ≥two 24-h dietary assessments and data on cardiometabolic health were included (n = 24 553; mean age: 55.9 y). A posteriori dietary patterns (DP1; DP2) were generated through reduced rank regression (response variables: SFA, MUFA, PUFA). Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary patterns were created. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to investigate associations between standardized dietary patterns and cardiometabolic health (total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein [CRP], glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c]). DP1, positively correlated with SFAs, MUFAs and PUFAs, characterized by higher nuts, seeds and vegetables intake and lower fruits and low-fat yoghurt intake, was associated with lower HDL-C (β: -0.07; 95% CI: -0.10, -0.03) and triglycerides (-0.17; -0.23, -0.10) and higher LDL-C (0.07; 0.01,0.12), CRP (0.01; 0.01, 0.03) and HbA1c (0.16; 0.11,0.21). DP2, positively correlated with SFAs, negatively correlated with PUFAs, characterized by higher butter and high-fat cheese intake and lower nuts, seeds and vegetable intake, was associated with higher total cholesterol (0.10; 0.01, 0.21), VLDL-C (0.05; 0.02, 0.07), triglycerides (0.07; 0.01, 0.13), CRP (0.03; 0.02, 0,04) and HbA1c (0.06; 0.01, 0.11). Higher adherence to MDS and DASH was associated with favorable cardiometabolic health markers concentration. CONCLUSIONS Irrespective of the method used, dietary patterns that encourage healthy fat consumption were associated with favorable cardiometabolic health biomarkers. This study strengthens the evidence for incorporation of dietary fat type into policy and practice guidelines for CVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Brayner
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Medical Sciences Division, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom.
| | - Gunveen Kaur
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Michelle A Keske
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - Carmen Piernas
- University of Oxford, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain.
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
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15
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Thomas MS, Calle M, Fernandez ML. Healthy plant-based diets improve dyslipidemias, insulin resistance, and inflammation in metabolic syndrome. A narrative review. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:44-54. [PMID: 36811593 PMCID: PMC10103000 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets (PBDs) have become very popular in recent years and have been identified as a dietary strategy associated with protection against chronic disease. However, the classifications of PBDs vary depending on the type of diet. Some PBDs have been recognized as healthful for their high content of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and fiber, or unhealthful if they are high in simple sugars and saturated fat. Depending on this classification, the type of PBD impacts its protective effects against disease dramatically. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by the presence of high plasma triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol, impaired glucose metabolism, elevated blood pressure, and increased concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers, also increases the risk for heart disease and diabetes. Thus, healthful plant-based diets could be considered favorable for individuals having MetS. The different types of plant-based diets (vegan, lacto-vegetarian, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, or pescatarian) are discussed with a focus on specific effects of dietary components in maintaining a healthy weight, protecting against dyslipidemias, insulin resistance, hypertension, and low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minu S Thomas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Mariana Calle
- Department of Health Sciences, Worcester State University, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Maria Luz Fernandez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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16
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Dietary Intakes and Eating Behavior between Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity Phenotypes in Asian Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224796. [PMID: 36432482 PMCID: PMC9697734 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet plays a critical role in the development of obesity and obesity-related morbidities. Our study aimed to evaluate the dietary food groups, nutrient intakes and eating behaviors of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes in an Asian cohort of children and adolescents. Participants (n = 52) were asked to record their diet using a 3-day food diary and intakes were analyzed using a nutrient software. Eating behavior was assessed using a validated questionnaire. Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) were defined based on criteria of metabolic syndrome. Children/adolescents with MUO consumed fewer whole grains (median: 0.00 (interquartile range: 0.00-0.00 g) vs. 18.5 g (0.00-69.8 g)) and less polyunsaturated fat (6.26% kcal (5.17-7.45% kcal) vs. 6.92% kcal (5.85-9.02% kcal)), and had lower cognitive dietary restraint (15.0 (13.0-17.0) vs. 16.0 (14.0-19.0)) compared to children/adolescents with MHO. Deep fried food, fast food and processed convenience food were positively associated with both systolic (β: 2.84, 95%CI: 0.95-6.62) and diastolic blood pressure (β: 4.83, 95%CI: 0.61-9.04). Higher polyunsaturated fat intake (OR: 0.529, 95%CI: 0.284-0.986) and cognitive dietary restraint (OR: 0.681, 95%CI: 0.472-0.984) were associated with a lower risk of the MUO phenotype. A healthier diet composition and positive eating behavior may contribute to favorable metabolic outcomes in children and adolescents with obesity.
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17
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Andújar-Tenorio N, Prieto I, Cobo A, Martínez-Rodríguez AM, Hidalgo M, Segarra AB, Ramírez M, Gálvez A, Martínez-Cañamero M. High fat diets induce early changes in gut microbiota that may serve as markers of ulterior altered physiological and biochemical parameters related to metabolic syndrome. Effect of virgin olive oil in comparison to butter. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0271634. [PMID: 35972974 PMCID: PMC9380944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0271634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Butter and virgin olive oil (EVOO) are two fats differing in their degree of saturation and insaponifiable fraction. EVOO, enriched in polyphenols and other minority components, exerts a distinct effect on health. Using next generation sequencing, we have studied early and long-term effects of both types of fats on the intestinal microbiota of mice, finding significant differences between the two diets in the percentage of certain bacterial taxa, correlating with hormonal, physiological and metabolic parameters in the host. These correlations are not only concomitant, but most noticeably some of the changes detected in the microbial percentages at six weeks are correlating with changes in physiological values detected later, at twelve weeks. Desulfovibrionaceae/Desulfovibrio/D. sulfuricans stand out by presenting at six weeks a statistically significant higher percentage in the butter-fed mice with respect to the EVOO group, correlating with systolic blood pressure, food intake, water intake and insulin at twelve weeks. This not only suggests an early implication in the probability of developing altered physiological and biochemical responses later on in the host lifespan, but also opens the possibility of using this genus as a marker in the risk of suffering different pathologies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Andújar-Tenorio
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Cobo
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Marina Hidalgo
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Segarra
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Manuel Ramírez
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
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18
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Takic M, Pokimica B, Petrovic-Oggiano G, Popovic T. Effects of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Treatment and the Efficiency of Its Conversion to Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Obesity and Related Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144471. [PMID: 35889342 PMCID: PMC9317994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The essential fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is present in high amounts in oils such as flaxseed, soy, hemp, rapeseed, chia, and perilla, while stearidonic acid is abundant in echium oil. ALA is metabolized to eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by desaturases and elongases in humans. The conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA is limited, and these long-chain n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are mainly provided from dietary sources (fish and seafood). This review provides an overview of studies that explored the effects of dietary supplementation with ALA in obesity and related diseases. The obesity-associated changes of desaturase and elongase activities are summarized, as they could influence the metabolic conversion of ALA. Generally, supplementation with ALA or ALA-rich oils leads to an increase in EPA levels and has no effect on DHA or omega-3 index. According to the literature data, stearidonic acid could enhance conversion of ALA to long-chain n−3 PUFA in obesity. Recent studies confirm that EPA and DHA intake should be considered as a primary dietary treatment strategy for improving the omega-3 index in obesity and related diseases.
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19
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Aggarwal H, Pathak P, Gupta SK, Kumar Y, Jagavelu K, Dikshit M. Serum and cecal metabolic profile of the insulin resistant and dyslipidemic p47 phox knockout mice. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:483-497. [PMID: 36251883 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2133705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Involvement of NOX-dependent oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders as well as in the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis has been demonstrated previously. In the present study, the metabolic profile in p47phox-/- and WT mice fed on a chow diet was evaluated to assess the role of metabolites in glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia under altered oxidative stress conditions. p47phox-/- mice displayed glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), hyperinsulinemia, and altered energy homeostasis without any significant change in gluconeogenesis. The expression of genes involved in lipid synthesis and uptake was enhanced in the liver, adipose tissue, and intestine tissues. Similarly, the expression of genes associated with lipid efflux in the liver and intestine was also enhanced. Enhanced gut permeability, inflammation, and shortening of the gut was evident in p47phox-/- mice. Circulating levels of pyrimidines, phosphatidylglycerol lipids, and 3-methyl-2-oxindole were augmented, while level of purine was reduced in the serum. Moreover, the cecal metabolome was also altered, as was evident with the increase in indole-3-acetamide, N-acetyl galactosamine, glycocholate, and a decrease in hippurate, indoxyl sulfate, and indigestible sugars (raffinose and melezitose). Treatment of p47phox-/- mice with pioglitazone, marginally improved glucose intolerance, and dyslipidemia, with an increase in PUFAs (linoleate, docosahexaenoic acid, and arachidonic acid). Overall, the results obtained in p47phox-/- mice indicate an association of IR and dyslipidemia with altered serum and cecal metabolites (both host and bacterial-derived), implying a critical role of NOX-derived ROS in metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hobby Aggarwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Priya Pathak
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | - Yashwant Kumar
- Non-Communicable Diseases Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
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Ghnaimawi S, Zhang S, Baum JI, Huang Y. The Effects of Maternal Intake of EPA and DHA Enriched Diet During Pregnancy and Lactation on Offspring’s Muscle Development and Energy Homeostasis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:881624. [PMID: 35733999 PMCID: PMC9207413 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.881624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
EPA and DHA are n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids with a diversity of health benefits on offspring. The objective of this study was to test the in vivo effect of maternal ingestion of EPA and DHA on fetal and offspring muscle development and energy balance. Two groups of female C57BL/6 mice were fed EPA and DHA enriched diet (FA) and diet devoid of EPA and DHA (CON) respectively throughout the entire period of gestation and lactation. Embryos at E13 and offspring at age of D1 and D21 were selected for sample collection and processing. No change in birth number and body weight were observed between groups at D1 and D21. Transient increase in the expression levels of myogenesis regulating genes was detected at D1 (p < 0.05) in FA group. Most of the expression of muscle protein synthesis regulating genes were comparable (p > 0.05) between FA and CON groups at D1 and D21. The significant increase in MHC4, and IGF-1 was not linked to increased muscle mass. A persistent increase in ISR expression (p < 0.05) but not in GLUT-4 (p > 0.05) was detected in offspring. Up-regulation of adipogenesis regulating genes was accompanied by increasing intramuscular fat accumulation in the offspring of FA group. Considerable increase in transcripts of genes regulating lipid catabolism and thermogenesis in liver (p < 0.05) was noticed in FA group at D21; whereas, only the levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (Cpt1α) and Enoyl-CoA Hydratase And 3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenase (Ehhadh) increased at D1. Similarly, genes regulating lipolysis were highly expressed at D21 in FA group. EPA and DHA treatment promoted BAT development and activity by increasing the expression of BAT signature genes (p < 0.05). Also, maternal intake of EPA and DHA enriched diet enhanced browning of sWAT. Taken together, maternal ingestion of EPA/DHA may be suggested as a therapeutic option to improve body composition and counteract childhood obesity- related metabolic disorders and confer lifelong positive metabolic impact on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghnaimawi
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Kut University College, Alkut, Iraq
| | - Shilei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jamie I. Baum
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
- *Correspondence: Yan Huang, , orcid.org/0000-0001-9464-6889
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21
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Lakshmanan AP, Al Zaidan S, Bangarusamy DK, Al-Shamari S, Elhag W, Terranegra A. Increased Relative Abundance of Ruminoccocus Is Associated With Reduced Cardiovascular Risk in an Obese Population. Front Nutr 2022; 9:849005. [PMID: 35571941 PMCID: PMC9097523 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.849005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a complex disease with underlying genetic, environmental, psychological, physiological, medical, and epigenetic factors. Obesity can cause various disorders, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), that are among the most prevalent chronic conditions in Qatar. Recent studies have highlighted the significant roles of the gut microbiome in improving the pathology of various diseases, including obesity. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of dietary intake and gut microbial composition in modulating the risk of CVD development in obese Qatari adults. Methods We enrolled 46 adult subjects (18–65 years of age) who were classified based on their CVD risk scores, calculated using the Framingham formula, into a CVD no-risk group (score of <10%, n = 36) and CVD risk group (score of ≥10%, n = 10). For each study subject, we measured the gut microbial composition with a 16s rDNA sequencing method that targeted the v3-v4 region using Illumina Miseq, and their nutritional status was recorded based on 24-h dietary recall. Dietary intake, bacterial taxa summary, diversity index, microbial markers, pathway analysis, and network correlation were determined for the study subjects. Results The CVD risk group showed a lower intake of vitamin D, reduced relative abundance of genera Ruminococcus and Bifidobacterium, no change in bacterial diversity, and higher levels of taurine, hypotaurine, and lipoic acid metabolism than the CVD no-risk group. Besides, the relative abundance of genus Ruminococcus was positively correlated with the intake of protein, monounsaturated fat, vitamin A, and vitamin D. Conclusion Taken together, our results suggest that the genus Ruminococcus could be used as a microbial marker, and its reduced relative abundance could mediate the risk of CVDs in the Obese Qatari population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Al Zaidan
- Precision Nutrition, Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Sahar Al-Shamari
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Wahiba Elhag
- Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Department, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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22
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Valorization of Side Stream Products from Sea Cage Fattened Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus): Production and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation of Enriched ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050309. [PMID: 35621959 PMCID: PMC9147267 DOI: 10.3390/md20050309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The valorization of side streams from fishery and aquaculture value-chains is a valuable solution to address one of the challenges of the circular economy: turning wastes into profit. Side streams produced after filleting of sea cage fattened bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) were analyzed for proximate composition and fatty acid profile to evaluate the possibility of producing tuna oil (TO) as a valuable source of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and testing its bioactivity in vitro. Ethyl esters of total fatty acids (TFA), obtained from TO, were pre-enriched by urea complexation (PUFA-Ue) and then enriched by short path distillation (SPD) up to almost 85% of the PUFA fraction (PUFA-SPe). The bioactivity of TFA, PUFA-SPe, and ethyl esters of depleted PUFA (PUFA-SPd) were tested in vitro, through analysis of lipid metabolism genes, in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fibroblast cell line (SAF-1) exposed to oils. TFA and PUFA-SPd upregulated transcription factors (pparβ and pparγ) and lipid metabolism-related genes (D6D, fas, fabp, fatp1, and cd36), indicating the promotion of adipogenesis. PUFA-SPe treated cells were similar to control. PUFA-SPe extracted from farmed bluefin tuna side streams could be utilized in fish feed formulations to prevent excessive fat deposition, contributing to improving both the sustainability of aquaculture and the quality of its products.
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Zorgetto-Pinheiro VA, Machate DJ, Figueiredo PS, Marcelino G, Hiane PA, Pott A, Guimarães RDCA, Bogo D. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Balanced Gut Microbiota on Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: A Close Look at Ulcerative Colitis and Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis. J Med Food 2022; 25:341-354. [PMID: 35438557 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2021.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article was to review experimental and clinical studies regarding the use of omega-3 fatty acids on the prevention and control of chronic inflammatory diseases with autoimmune background through the gut microbiota modulation. For this, natural omega-3 sources are presented emphasizing the importance of a healthy diet for the body's homeostasis and the enzymatic processes that these fatty acids go through once inside the body. The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis and rheumatoid arthritis are revisited under the light of the gut microbiota dysbiosis approach and how those fatty acids are able to prevent and control these two pathological conditions that are responsible for the global chronic burden and functional disability and life-threatening comorbidities if not treated properly. As a matter of reflection, as we are living a pandemic crisis owing to COVID-19 infection, we present the potential of omega-3 in preventing a poor prognosis once they contribute to balancing the immune system modulation the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica Assalin Zorgetto-Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - David Johane Machate
- Group of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied Biodiversity and Health (GEBABS), Graduate Program in Science of Materials, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Marcelino
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Arnildo Pott
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
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24
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Dalpati N, Jena S, Jain S, Sarangi PP. Yoga and meditation, an essential tool to alleviate stress and enhance immunity to emerging infections: A perspective on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on students. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 20:100420. [PMID: 35072120 PMCID: PMC8767968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has negatively impacted the global healthcare and economic systems worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has also created an emotional and psychological pandemic among people of all ages irrespective of economic status and physical wellbeing. As a consequence of prolonged lockdowns, one of the most severely affected age groups globally is the young adults' group, especially students. Uncertainties in the academic calendar, restricted outdoor activities, and unusual daily routines during lockdowns led to higher incidences of stress, anxiety, and depression among students worldwide. In this review, we summarise the available evidence on the effect of lockdowns on students and discuss possible positive impacts of yoga and meditation on various psychological, emotional, and immunological parameters, which can significantly influence the general wellbeing and academic performance of students. Perspectives shared in the review will also bring awareness on how yoga and meditation could boost students' performance and assist them in maintaining physical and mental wellbeing during stressful conditions such as future epidemics and pandemics with novel infections. This information could help create better educational curriculums and healthy routines for students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibedita Dalpati
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Subhashree Jena
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Shikha Jain
- Institute Wellness Center, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Pranita P Sarangi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
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25
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Tang Q, Li S, Fang C, Yu H. Evaluating the reparative effects and the mechanism of action of docosahexaenoic acid on azithromycin-induced lipid metabolism dysfunction. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 159:112699. [PMID: 34838675 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To explore the reparative effects of DHA on the gut microbiome disturbance and dysfunctional lipid metabolism caused by long-term antibiotic therapy, it was tested on an azithromycin (AZI) mouse antibiotic model. Thirty specific-pathogen-free BALB/c mice (SPF grade, half male and half female) were randomly separated into three groups (n = 10, 5 male and 5 female): control group (CK), azithromycin natural recovery group (AZI) and DHA group (DHA). High-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the gut microbiome. ELASE kits were used to measure blood lipid, lipids in the liver, and bile salt hydrolase (BSH) levels in feces. Gas chromatography and UPLC-MS/MS were employed to detect DHA and bile acids contents in liver, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism. Long-term AZI treatment led to dyslipidemia, gut microbiome disturbance and anxious behaviors in the mouse model. DHA was found to significantly improve the dyslipidemia and anxiety-like behaviors induced by AZI. DHA had no effect on the structure of gut microbiome and bile acids contents but increased the content of the metabolic enzyme BSH in gut microbiota and normalized the expression of enzymes involved in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of General Practice, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Chengjie Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, China
| | - Haining Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, China.
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26
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Li R, Tan CP, Xu Y, Liu Y. Alteration of Endogenous Fatty Acids Profile and Lipid Metabolism in Rats Caused by a High‐Colleseed Oil and a High‐Sunflower Oil Diet. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202100100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Chin Ping Tan
- Department of Food Technology Faculty of Food Science and Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang Selangor 43400 Malaysia
| | - Yong‐Jiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province Jiangnan University 1800 Lihu Road Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 P. R. China
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27
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Li P, Chen X, Chen Y, Teng T, Fan X, Tang T, Wang R, Zhao Y, Qi K. DHA-rich n-3 PUFAs intake from the early- and mid-pregnancy decreases the weight gain by affecting the DNA methylation status among Chinese Han infants. Food Nutr Res 2021. [DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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28
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Roy P, Tomassoni D, Traini E, Martinelli I, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Cifani C, Amenta F, Tayebati SK. Natural Antioxidant Application on Fat Accumulation: Preclinical Evidence. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060858. [PMID: 34071903 PMCID: PMC8227384 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity represents one of the most important challenges in the contemporary world that must be overcome. Different pathological consequences of these physical conditions have been studied for more than 30 years. The most nagging effects were found early in the cardiovascular system. However, later, its negative impact was also investigated in several other organs. Damage at cellular structures due to overexpression of reactive oxygen species together with mechanisms that cause under-production of antioxidants leads to the development of obesity-related complications. In this view, the negative results of oxidant molecules due to obesity were studied in various districts of the body. In the last ten years, scientific literature has reported reasonable evidence regarding natural and synthetic compounds' supplementation, which showed benefits in reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in animal models of obesity. This article attempts to clarify the role of oxidative stress due to obesity and the opposing role of antioxidants to counter it, reported in preclinical studies. This analysis aims to clear-up different mechanisms that lead to the build-up of pro-oxidants during obesity and how various molecules of different origins hinder this phenomenon, behaving as antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proshanta Roy
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (P.R.); (D.T.)
| | - Daniele Tomassoni
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (P.R.); (D.T.)
| | - Enea Traini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Ilenia Martinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Francesco Amenta
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
| | - Seyed Khosrow Tayebati
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (E.T.); (I.M.); (M.V.M.D.B.); (C.C.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Amusquivar E, Sánchez-Blanco C, Herrera E. Reduction of litter size during lactation in rats greatly influences fatty acid profiles in dams. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:531-538. [PMID: 33909240 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00809-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine in lactating rats how fatty acid profiles are affected by litter size. On day 2 after parturition, litters of lactating rats were adjusted to a normal litter size of 9 pups/dam (NL) or to a small litter of 4 pups/dam (SL), and dams were studied at day 21 of lactation. Plasma glucose, insulin, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations were higher in SL than in NL dams, whereas the concentrations of most other fatty acids, triacylglycerols (TAG), and non-esterified fatty acids were lower in the SL dams. In the liver, the concentration of TAG was lower in SL than in NL dams as was the concentration of most fatty acids, with the exception of stearic acid (STA), arachidonic acid (ARA), and DHA concentrations that were higher in SL. Both plasma and liver Δ9 desaturase indices were lower in SL than in NL dams, whereas both Δ5 and Δ6 desaturase indices were higher in SL dams. In the liver, the expression of acetyl CoA carboxylase was lower in SL than in NL dams, and among the different adipose tissue depots, only mesenteric adipose tissue showed a higher concentration of most fatty acids in SL than in NL dams. It is proposed that reduction of litter size during lactation decreases liver lipogenesis de novo, although the synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids from their corresponding precursors increases, and lipolytic activity in mesenteric adipose tissue decreases probably as result of increased insulin responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clara Sánchez-Blanco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Herrera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain.
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Dixon ED, Nardo AD, Claudel T, Trauner M. The Role of Lipid Sensing Nuclear Receptors (PPARs and LXR) and Metabolic Lipases in Obesity, Diabetes and NAFLD. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050645. [PMID: 33926085 PMCID: PMC8145571 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are metabolic disorders characterized by metabolic inflexibility with multiple pathological organ manifestations, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nuclear receptors are ligand-dependent transcription factors with a multifaceted role in controlling many metabolic activities, such as regulation of genes involved in lipid and glucose metabolism and modulation of inflammatory genes. The activity of nuclear receptors is key in maintaining metabolic flexibility. Their activity depends on the availability of endogenous ligands, like fatty acids or oxysterols, and their derivatives produced by the catabolic action of metabolic lipases, most of which are under the control of nuclear receptors. For example, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is activated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and conversely releases fatty acids as ligands for PPARα, therefore, demonstrating the interdependency of nuclear receptors and lipases. The diverse biological functions and importance of nuclear receptors in metabolic syndrome and NAFLD has led to substantial effort to target them therapeutically. This review summarizes recent findings on the roles of lipases and selected nuclear receptors, PPARs, and liver X receptor (LXR) in obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Trauner
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-140-4004-7410; Fax: +43-14-0400-4735
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31
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Chen YJ, Lin CW, Peng YJ, Huang CW, Chien YS, Huang TH, Liao PX, Yang WY, Wang MH, Mersmann HJ, Wu SC, Chuang TY, Lin YY, Kuo WH, Ding ST. Overexpression of Adiponectin Receptor 1 Inhibits Brown and Beige Adipose Tissue Activity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020906. [PMID: 33477525 PMCID: PMC7831094 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult humans and mice possess significant classical brown adipose tissues (BAT) and, upon cold-induction, acquire brown-like adipocytes in certain depots of white adipose tissues (WAT), known as beige adipose tissues or WAT browning/beiging. Activating thermogenic classical BAT or WAT beiging to generate heat limits diet-induced obesity or type-2 diabetes in mice. Adiponectin is a beneficial adipokine resisting diabetes, and causing “healthy obese” by increasing WAT expansion to limit lipotoxicity in other metabolic tissues during high-fat feeding. However, the role of its receptors, especially adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), on cold-induced thermogenesis in vivo in BAT and in WAT beiging is still elusive. Here, we established a cold-induction procedure in transgenic mice over-expressing AdipoR1 and applied a live 3-D [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) scanning to measure BAT activity by determining glucose uptake in cold-acclimated transgenic mice. Results showed that cold-acclimated mice over-expressing AdipoR1 had diminished cold-induced glucose uptake, enlarged adipocyte size in BAT and in browned WAT, and reduced surface BAT/body temperature in vivo. Furthermore, decreased gene expression, related to thermogenic Ucp1, BAT-specific markers, BAT-enriched mitochondrial markers, lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation, and increased expression of whitening genes in BAT or in browned subcutaneous inguinal WAT of AdipoR1 mice are congruent with results of PET/CT scanning and surface body temperature in vivo. Moreover, differentiated brown-like beige adipocytes isolated from pre-adipocytes in subcutaneous WAT of transgenic AdipoR1 mice also had similar effects of lowered expression of thermogenic Ucp1, BAT selective markers, and BAT mitochondrial markers. Therefore, this study combines in vitro and in vivo results with live 3-D scanning and reveals one of the many facets of the adiponectin receptors in regulating energy homeostasis, especially in the involvement of cold-induced thermogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes, Beige/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/diagnostic imaging
- Adipose Tissue, Beige/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/diagnostic imaging
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/diagnostic imaging
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Energy Metabolism/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic/genetics
- Mice, Transgenic/metabolism
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Obesity/genetics
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Positron-Emission Tomography
- Receptors, Adiponectin/genetics
- Thermogenesis/genetics
- Uncoupling Protein 1/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (S.-C.W.)
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.L.); (W.-H.K.); (S.-T.D.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-4175 (S.-T.D.)
| | - Chiao-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (S.-C.W.)
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Yu-Ju Peng
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Chao-Wei Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Yi-Shan Chien
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Tzu-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Pei-Xin Liao
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Wen-Yuan Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Mei-Hui Wang
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Taoyuan 325, Taiwan;
| | - Harry J. Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Shinn-Chih Wu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (S.-C.W.)
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
| | - Tai-Yuan Chuang
- Department of Athletics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.L.); (W.-H.K.); (S.-T.D.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-4175 (S.-T.D.)
| | - Wen-Hung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.L.); (W.-H.K.); (S.-T.D.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-4175 (S.-T.D.)
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (S.-C.W.)
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; (Y.-J.P.); (C.-W.H.); (Y.-S.C.); (T.-H.H.); (P.-X.L.); (W.-Y.Y.); (H.J.M.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-Y.L.); (W.-H.K.); (S.-T.D.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-4175 (S.-T.D.)
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Fjære E, Myrmel LS, Dybing K, Kuda O, Holbech Jensen BA, Rossmeisl M, Frøyland L, Kristiansen K, Madsen L. The Anti-Obesogenic Effect of Lean Fish Species is Influenced by the Fatty Acid Composition in Fish Fillets. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3038. [PMID: 33022997 PMCID: PMC7600456 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fillets from marine fish species contain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the form of phospholipids (PLs). To investigate the importance of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs in mediating the anti-obesogenic effect of lean seafood, we compared the anti-obesogenic properties of fillets from cod with fillets from pangasius, a fresh water fish with a very low content of PL-bound n-3 PUFAs. We prepared high-fat/high-protein diets using chicken, cod and pangasius as the protein sources, and fed male C57BL/6J mice these diets for 12 weeks. Mice fed the diet containing cod gained less adipose tissue mass and had smaller white adipocytes than mice fed the chicken-containing diet, whereas mice fed the pangasius-containing diet were in between mice fed the chicken-containing diet and mice fed the cod-containing diet. Of note, mice fed the pangasius-containing diet exhibited reduced glucose tolerance compared to mice fed the cod-containing diet. Although the sum of marine n-3 PUFAs comprised less than 2% of the total fatty acids in the cod-containing diet, this was sufficient to significantly increase the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA) in mouse tissues and enhance production of n-3 PUFA-derived lipid mediators as compared with mice fed pangasius or chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Lene Secher Myrmel
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Karianne Dybing
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (O.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Benjamin Anderschou Holbech Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Martin Rossmeisl
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; (O.K.); (M.R.)
| | - Livar Frøyland
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Lise Madsen
- Institute of Marine Research, NO-5817 Bergen, Norway; (E.F.); (L.S.M.); (K.D.); (L.F.)
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Valent D, Arroyo L, Fàbrega E, Font-i-Furnols M, Rodríguez-Palmero M, Moreno-Muñoz J, Tibau J, Bassols A. Effects of a high-fat-diet supplemented with probiotics and ω3-fatty acids on appetite regulatory neuropeptides and neurotransmitters in a pig model. Benef Microbes 2020; 11:347-359. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The pig is a valuable animal model to study obesity in humans due to the physiological similarity between humans and pigs in terms of digestive and associated metabolic processes. The dietary use of vegetal protein, probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids is recommended to control weight gain and to fight obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Likewise, there are recent reports on their beneficial effects on brain functions. The hypothalamus is the central part of the brain that regulates food intake by means of the production of food intake-regulatory hypothalamic neuropeptides, as neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin A and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin. Other mesolimbic areas, such as the hippocampus, are also involved in the control of food intake. In this study, the effect of a high fat diet (HFD) alone or supplemented with these additives on brain neuropeptides and neurotransmitters was assessed in forty-three young pigs fed for 10 weeks with a control diet (T1), a high fat diet (HFD, T2), and HFD with vegetal protein supplemented with Bifidobacterium breve CECT8242 alone (T3) or in combination with omega-3 fatty acids (T4). A HFD provoked changes in regulatory neuropeptides and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in the hypothalamus and alterations mostly in the dopaminergic system in the ventral hippocampus. Supplementation of the HFD with B. breve CECT8242, especially in combination with omega-3 fatty acids, was able to partially reverse the effects of HFD. Correlations between productive and neurochemical parameters supported these findings. These results confirm that pigs are an appropriate animal model alternative to rodents for the study of the effects of HFD on weight gain and obesity. Furthermore, they indicate the potential benefits of probiotics and omega-3 fatty acids on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Valent
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L. Arroyo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E. Fàbrega
- Food Science – Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA, Monells, Girona, Spain
| | - M. Font-i-Furnols
- Animal Science – Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA, Monells, Girona, Spain
| | | | | | - J. Tibau
- Animal Science – Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries, IRTA, Monells, Girona, Spain
| | - A. Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Veterinària. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Wechman SL, Emdad L, Sarkar D, Das SK, Fisher PB. Vascular mimicry: Triggers, molecular interactions and in vivo models. Adv Cancer Res 2020; 148:27-67. [PMID: 32723566 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vascular mimicry is induced by a wide array of genes with functions related to cancer stemness, hypoxia, angiogenesis and autophagy. Vascular mimicry competent (VM-competent) cells that form de novo blood vessels are common in solid tumors facilitating tumor cell survival and metastasis. VM-competent cells display increased levels of vascular mimicry selecting for stem-like cells in an O2-gradient-dependent manner in deeply hypoxic tumor regions, while also aiding in maintaining tumor cell metabolism and stemness. Three of the principal drivers of vascular mimicry are EphA2, Nodal and HIF-1α, however, directly or indirectly many of these molecules affect VE-Cadherin (VE-Cad), which forms gap-junctions to bind angiogenic blood vessels together. During vascular mimicry, the endothelial-like functions of VM-competent cancer stem cells co-opt VE-Cad to bind cancer cells together to create cancer cell-derived blood conducting vessels. This process potentially compensates for the lack of access to blood and nutrient in avascular tumors, simultaneously providing nutrients and enhancing cancer invasion and metastasis. Current evidence also supports that vascular mimicry promotes cancer malignancy and metastasis due to the cooperation of oncogenic signaling molecules driving cancer stemness and autophagy. While a number of currently used cancer therapeutics are effective inhibitors of vascular mimicry, developing a new class of vascular mimicry specific inhibitors could allow for the treatment of angiogenesis-resistant tumors, inhibit cancer metastasis and improve patient survival. In this review, we describe the principal vascular mimicry pathways in addition to emphasizing the roles of hypoxia, autophagy and select proangiogenic oncogenes in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Wechman
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Devanand Sarkar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
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35
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Fotschki B, Opyd P, Juśkiewicz J, Wiczkowski W, Jurgoński A. Comparative Effects of Dietary Hemp and Poppy Seed Oil on Lipid Metabolism and the Antioxidant Status in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122921. [PMID: 32630455 PMCID: PMC7356234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the effects of the dietary inclusion of hemp seed oil (HO) and poppy seed oil (PO) on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant status of lean and genetically obese Zucker rats. The rats were fed a control diet for laboratory rodents or a modification with HO or PO. Both oils reduced body and epididymal fat and liver cholesterol levels and promoted oxidative stress in the liver of obese rats. The HO reduced plasma triglycerides and had a stronger liver cholesterol-lowering effect in obese rats than PO. In the lean rats, HO and PO had no effects on the body fat content, plasma lipid profile, or lipid metabolism in the liver. HO considerably elevated the content of α-linolenic acid in the liver and increased the liver ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the lean rats. In conclusion, the regular consumption of both oils increases the accumulation of essential fatty acids in the liver of healthy animals, whilst not having any adverse effects on the body, whereas in genetically obese rats, the effects of both dietary oils on the lipid metabolism and antioxidant status are unequivocal and only partially beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Fotschki
- Department of Biological Function of Foods, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Division of Food Science, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.F.); (P.O.); (J.J.)
| | - Paulina Opyd
- Department of Biological Function of Foods, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Division of Food Science, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.F.); (P.O.); (J.J.)
| | - Jerzy Juśkiewicz
- Department of Biological Function of Foods, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Division of Food Science, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.F.); (P.O.); (J.J.)
| | - Wiesław Wiczkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biodynamics of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Division of Food Science, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Adam Jurgoński
- Department of Biological Function of Foods, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Division of Food Science, Tuwima 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland; (B.F.); (P.O.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Bou M, Torgersen JS, Østbye TKK, Ruyter B, Wang X, Škugor S, Kristiansen IØ, Todorčević M. DHA Modulates Immune Response and Mitochondrial Function of Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes after LPS Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114101. [PMID: 32521827 PMCID: PMC7312884 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes play a central role in overall energy homeostasis and are important contributors to the immune system. Fatty acids (FAs) act as signaling molecules capable to modulate adipocyte metabolism and functions. To identify the effects of two commonly used FAs in Atlantic salmon diets, primary adipocytes were cultured in the presence of oleic (OA) or docosahexaenoic (DHA) acid. DHA decreased adipocyte lipid droplet number and area compared to OA. The increase in lipid load in OA treated adipocytes was paralleled by an increase in iNOS activity and mitochondrial SOD2-GFP activity, which was probably directed to counteract increase in oxidative stress. Under lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, DHA had a greater anti-inflammatory effect than OA, as evidenced by the higher SOD2 activity and the transcriptional regulation of antioxidant enzymes and pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. In addition, DHA maintained a healthy mitochondrial structure under induced inflammation while OA led to elongated mitochondria with a thin thread like structures in adipocytes exposed to LPS. Overall, DHA possess anti-inflammatory properties and protects Atlantic salmon against oxidative stress and limits lipid deposition. Furthermore, DHA plays a key role in protecting mitochondria shape and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bou
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
| | - Jacob Seilø Torgersen
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
- AquaGen, P.O. Box 1240, N-7462 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone-Kari Knutsdatter Østbye
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
| | - Bente Ruyter
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
| | - Xinxia Wang
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Stanko Škugor
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
- Cargill Innovation Center, 0366 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Øien Kristiansen
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
| | - Marijana Todorčević
- Nofima (Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research), 1432 Ås, Norway; (M.B.); (J.S.T.); (T.-K.K.Ø.); (B.R.); (X.W.); (S.Š.); (I.Ø.K.)
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +447979715263
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37
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Machate DJ, Figueiredo PS, Marcelino G, Guimarães RDCA, Hiane PA, Bogo D, Pinheiro VAZ, de Oliveira LCS, Pott A. Fatty Acid Diets: Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Dysbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4093. [PMID: 32521778 PMCID: PMC7312778 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term high-fat dietary intake plays a crucial role in the composition of gut microbiota in animal models and human subjects, which affect directly short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and host health. This review aims to highlight the interplay of fatty acid (FA) intake and gut microbiota composition and its interaction with hosts in health promotion and obesity prevention and its related metabolic dysbiosis. The abundance of the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, as Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria species are associated with increased SCFA production, reported high-fat diet rich in medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as well as low-fat diets rich in long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). SCFAs play a key role in health promotion and prevention and, reduction and reversion of metabolic syndromes in the host. Furthermore, in this review, we discussed the type of fatty acids and their amount, including the administration time and their interplay with gut microbiota and its results about health or several metabolic dysbioses undergone by hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Johane Machate
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (D.J.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Priscila Silva Figueiredo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (D.B.); (V.A.Z.P.)
| | - Gabriela Marcelino
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (D.B.); (V.A.Z.P.)
| | - Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (D.B.); (V.A.Z.P.)
| | - Priscila Aiko Hiane
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (D.B.); (V.A.Z.P.)
| | - Danielle Bogo
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (D.B.); (V.A.Z.P.)
| | - Verônica Assalin Zorgetto Pinheiro
- Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (P.S.F.); (G.M.); (P.A.H.); (D.B.); (V.A.Z.P.)
| | | | - Arnildo Pott
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; (D.J.M.); (A.P.)
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38
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Ding D, Li YH, Xiao ML, Dong HL, Lin JS, Chen GD, Chen ZY, Tang XY, Chen YM. Erythrocyte Membrane Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Are Associated with Incidence of Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged and Elderly People-An 8.8-Year Prospective Study. J Nutr 2020; 150:1488-1498. [PMID: 32167145 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The total and specific types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) remain inconsistent. OBJECTIVE We assessed the association of erythrocyte n-3 and n-6 PUFAs with MetS and the components of MetS in a cohort population. METHODS This prospective analysis included 2754 participants (aged 40-75 y) from the Guangzhou Nutrition and Health Study (2008-2019) in China. Erythrocyte PUFAs at baseline were measured using gas chromatography. MetS was assessed every 3 y according to the updated National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate HRs and 95% CIs. RESULTS We identified 716 incident cases of MetS. The primary analyses showed that the HRs (95% CIs) of MetS (tertile 3 versus 1) were 0.67 (0.56, 0.80) for n-3 PUFAs and 0.70 (0.58, 0.85) for n-6 PUFAs (all Ps trend <0.001). The secondary outcomes showed that, higher erythrocyte very-long-chain (VLC) PUFAs [20:3n-3, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), arachidonic acid (ARA), and 22:4n-6], but lower α-linolenic acid (ALA) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA), tended to be associated with lower incidences of MetS and its components; among individual MetS components, the associations of PUFAs were more pronounced for hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and hypertension, followed by low high-density lipoproten (HDL) cholesterol. Significantly higher concentrations of n-3 PUFAs (total, DPA, and DHA) and n-6 PUFAs (total, ARA, and 22:4) were observed in participants with improved (versus progressed) status of MetS (all Ps trend ≤0.003). CONCLUSION This study reveals that higher erythrocyte VLC n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, but lower 18-carbon PUFAs (ALA and GLA), are associated with lower risks of MetS components (HTG, hypertension, and low HDL cholesterol) and thereby lower MetS incidence in Chinese adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ding
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hong Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mian-Li Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Li Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng-Dong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhan-Yong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Tang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ming Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Kimmerling KA, Oswald SJ, Huebner JL, Little D, Kraus VB, Kang JX, Wu CL, Guilak F. Transgenic conversion of ω-6 to ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids via fat-1 reduces the severity of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:83. [PMID: 32295649 PMCID: PMC7160898 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary fatty acid (FA) content has been shown to influence the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) in obesity. We used the fat-1 transgenic mouse to examine the hypothesis that endogenous reduction of ω-6 to ω-3 FA ratio, under the same dietary conditions, would mitigate metabolic inflammation and the pathogenesis of PTOA in obese male and female mice. Methods Male and female fat-1 and wild-type littermates were fed either a control diet or an ω-6 FA-rich high-fat diet and underwent destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery to induce PTOA. OA severity, synovitis, and osteophyte formation were determined histologically, while biomarker and lipidomic analyses were performed to evaluate levels of adipokines, insulin, pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines, and FAs in serum and joint synovial fluid. Multivariable models were performed to elucidate the associations of dietary, metabolic, and mechanical factors with PTOA. Results We found that elevated serum levels of ω-3 FAs in fat-1 mice as compared to wild-type controls fed the same diet resulted in reduced OA and synovitis in a sex- and diet-dependent manner, despite comparable body weights. The fat-1 mice showed trends toward decreased serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased anti-inflammatory cytokines. Multivariable analysis for variables predicting OA severity in mice resulted in correlations with serum FA levels, but not with body weight. Conclusions This study provides further evidence that circulating FA composition and systemic metabolic inflammation, rather than body weight, may be the major risk factor for obesity-associated OA. We also demonstrate the potential genetic use of ω-3 FA desaturase in mitigating PTOA in obese patients following injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Kimmerling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 8233, Couch Biomedical Research Bldg, Room 3121, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sara J Oswald
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 8233, Couch Biomedical Research Bldg, Room 3121, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Janet L Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Dianne Little
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Virginia B Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chia-Lung Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 8233, Couch Biomedical Research Bldg, Room 3121, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Farshid Guilak
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 8233, Couch Biomedical Research Bldg, Room 3121, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA. .,Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Ma Y, Wang J, Li Q, Cao B. The Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementations on anti-Tumor Drugs in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:196-205. [PMID: 32223441 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1743873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises about 10-20% of all diagnosed breast cancers. Increasing evidence shows that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, can influence the development, progression, and prognosis of TNBC In Vivo and In Vitro; however, clinical evidence supporting the effect of ω-3PUFAs on TNBC is lacking. Research has demonstrated that ω-3PUFAs can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway, and that ω-3PUFAs can improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs. Using ω-3PUFA supplementation in addition to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer may result in enhanced anti-tumor effects that will be particularly applicable to difficult to treat phenotypes such as TNBC. The aim of the current review was to summarize the evidence-base supporting the antitumor effects of omega-3 PUFAs in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Ma
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Department of Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Torres M, Rosselló CA, Fernández-García P, Lladó V, Kakhlon O, Escribá PV. The Implications for Cells of the Lipid Switches Driven by Protein-Membrane Interactions and the Development of Membrane Lipid Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072322. [PMID: 32230887 PMCID: PMC7177374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell membrane contains a variety of receptors that interact with signaling molecules. However, agonist-receptor interactions not always activate a signaling cascade. Amphitropic membrane proteins are required for signal propagation upon ligand-induced receptor activation. These proteins localize to the plasma membrane or internal compartments; however, they are only activated by ligand-receptor complexes when both come into physical contact in membranes. These interactions enable signal propagation. Thus, signals may not propagate into the cell if peripheral proteins do not co-localize with receptors even in the presence of messengers. As the translocation of an amphitropic protein greatly depends on the membrane's lipid composition, regulation of the lipid bilayer emerges as a novel therapeutic strategy. Some of the signals controlled by proteins non-permanently bound to membranes produce dramatic changes in the cell's physiology. Indeed, changes in membrane lipids induce translocation of dozens of peripheral signaling proteins from or to the plasma membrane, which controls how cells behave. We called these changes "lipid switches", as they alter the cell's status (e.g., proliferation, differentiation, death, etc.) in response to the modulation of membrane lipids. Indeed, this discovery enables therapeutic interventions that modify the bilayer's lipids, an approach known as membrane-lipid therapy (MLT) or melitherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Torres
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Catalina Ana Rosselló
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Paula Fernández-García
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Victoria Lladó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Department of R&D, Laminar Pharmaceuticals SL. ParcBit, Ed. Naorte B, E-07121 Palma, Spain
| | - Or Kakhlon
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Ein Kerem, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel;
| | - Pablo Vicente Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma, Spain; (M.T.); (C.A.R.); (P.F.-G.); (V.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Nutrition, Health, and Disease: Role of Selected Marine and Vegetal Nutraceuticals. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030747. [PMID: 32168971 PMCID: PMC7146393 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of new alternatives for disease prevention through the application of findings from dietary and food biotechnology is an ongoing challenge for the scientific community. New nutritional trends and the need to meet social and health demands have inspired the concept of functional foods and nutraceuticals which, in addition to their overall nutritional value, present certain properties for the maintenance of health. However, these effects are not universal. Nutrigenetics describes how the genetic profile has an impact on the response of the body to bioactive food components by influencing their absorption, metabolism, and site of action. The EbioSea Program, for biomarine prospection, and the Blue Butterfly Program, for the screening of vegetable-derived bioproducts, have identified a new series of nutraceuticals, devoid of side effects at conventional doses, with genotype-dependent preventive and therapeutic activity. Nutrigenomics and nutrigenetics provide the opportunity to explore the inter-individual differences in the metabolism of and response to nutrients, achieving optimal results. This fact leads to the concept of personalized nutrition as opposed to public health nutrition. Consequently, the development and prescription of nutraceuticals according to the individual genetic profile is essential to improve their effectiveness in the prevention and natural treatment of prevalent diseases.
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Cassanye A, Martín-Gari M, Portero-Otin M, Serrano JCE. Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Factors Profile after Dietary Bioactive Compound Weight Reduction Treatments in a Mice Obesity Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5870. [PMID: 31771102 PMCID: PMC6928597 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20235870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged caloric intake above energy needs disturbs the body's ability to store and manage the excess of energy intake, leading to the onset of chronic degenerative diseases. This study aimed to compare the effect of three foods, which contain demonstrated bioactive compounds in the treatment of obesity and as an adjuvant in obesity energy restriction treatments. In a mice obesity model induced through a high-fat diet; fish oil, soluble fibre, and soy were incorporated to evaluate its capacity to modulate metabolic factors in adipose tissue during a continued fat intake or weight reduction through a normocaloric diet. As a result, fish oil improved mitochondrial related, adipose tissue hormone expression, and oxidation products when high-fat diets are consumed; while soluble fibre improved glucose and inflammation pathways during high-fat diet intake. In weight reduction treatments few differential features, as a treatment adjuvant, were observed for fish oil and soy; while soluble fibre was able to improve the weight reduction effects induced by a normocaloric diet. As a conclusion, soluble fibre supplementation compared to an energy reduction program, was the only treatment able to induce a significant additional effect in the improvement of weight loss and adipose tissue metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José CE Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, NUTREN-Nutrigenomics, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (A.C.); (M.M.-G.); (M.P.-O.)
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Shin BC, Ghosh S, Dai Y, Byun SY, Calkins KL, Devaskar SU. Early life high-fat diet exposure maintains glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity with a fatty liver and small brain size in the adult offspring. Nutr Res 2019; 69:67-81. [PMID: 31639589 PMCID: PMC6934265 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diet during pregnancy has long lasting consequences on the offspring, warranting a study on the impact of early exposure to a high fat diet on the adult offspring. We hypothesized that a prenatal n-6 enriched diet will have adverse metabolic outcomes on the adult offspring that may be reversed with a postnatal n-3 enriched diet. To test this hypothesis, we examined the adult offspring from three groups: (1) n-6 group: during gestation and lactation, dams consumed an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched diet, (2) n-3 group: gestational n-6 diet was followed by an n-3 enriched diet during lactation, and (3) a control (CD) group that received standard diet throughout gestation and lactation. Offspring from all groups weaned to a control diet ad libitum. Beginning at postnatal day 2 (P < .03) and persisting at 360 days in males (P < .04), an increase in hypothalamic AgRP expression occurred in the n-6 and n-3 groups, with an increase in food intake (P = .01), and the n-3 group displaying lower body (P < .03) and brain (P < .05) weights. At 360 days, the n-6 and n-3 groups remained glucose tolerant and insulin sensitive, with increased phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (P < .05). n-6 group developed hepatic steatosis with reduced hepatic reflected as higher plasma microRNA-122 (P < .04) that targets pAMPK. We conclude that early life exposure to n-6 and n-3 led to hypothalamic AgRP-related higher food intake, with n-6 culminating in a fatty liver partially mitigated by postnatal n-3. While both diets preserved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, postnatal n-3 displayed detrimental effects on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Chul Shin
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752
| | - Shubhamoy Ghosh
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752
| | - Yun Dai
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752
| | - Shin Yun Byun
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752
| | - Kara L Calkins
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752
| | - Sherin U Devaskar
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Neonatal Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1752.
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McCarty MF, Iloki-Assanga S, Lujany LML. Nutraceutical targeting of TLR4 signaling has potential for prevention of cancer cachexia. Med Hypotheses 2019; 132:109326. [PMID: 31421423 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying cancer cachexia - the proximate cause of at least 20% of cancer-related deaths - have until recently remained rather obscure. New research, however, clarifies that cancers evoking cachexia release microvesicles rich in heat shock proteins 70 and 90, and that these extracellular heat shock proteins induce cachexia by serving as agonists for toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in skeletal muscle, macrophages, and adipocytes. Hence, safe nutraceutical measures which can down-regulate TLR4 signaling can be expected to aid prevention and control of cancer cachexia. There is reason to suspect that phycocyanobilin, ferulic acid, glycine, long-chain omega-3s, green tea catechins, β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate, carnitine, and high-dose biotin may have some utility in this regard.
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Crouch MJ, Kosaraju R, Guesdon W, Armstrong M, Reisdorph N, Jain R, Fenton J, Shaikh SR. Frontline Science: A reduction in DHA-derived mediators in male obesity contributes toward defects in select B cell subsets and circulating antibody. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:241-257. [PMID: 30576001 PMCID: PMC10020993 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi1017-405rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity dysregulates B cell populations, which contributes toward poor immunological outcomes. We previously reported that differing B cell subsets are lowered in the bone marrow of obese male mice. Here, we focused on how lipid metabolites synthesized from docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) known as specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) influence specific B cell populations in obese male mice. Metabololipidomics revealed that splenic SPM precursors 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (14-HDHA), 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (17-HDHA), and downstream protectin DX (PDX) were decreased in obese male C57BL/6J mice. Simultaneous administration of these mediators to obese mice rescued major decrements in bone marrow B cells, modest impairments in the spleen, and circulating IgG2c, which is pro-inflammatory in obesity. In vitro studies with B cells, flow cytometry experiments with ALOX5-/- mice, and lipidomic analyses revealed the lowering of 14-HDHA/17-HDHA/PDX and dysregulation of B cell populations in obesity was driven indirectly via B cell extrinsic mechanisms. Notably, the lowering of lipid mediators was associated with an increase in the abundance of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have a high affinity for SPM-generating enzymes. Subsequent experiments revealed female obese mice generally maintained the levels of SPM precursors, B cell subsets, and antibody levels. Finally, obese human females had increased circulating plasma cells accompanied by ex vivo B cell TNFα and IL-10 secretion. Collectively, the data demonstrate that DHA-derived mediators of the SPM pathway control the number of B cell subsets and pro-inflammatory antibody levels in obese male but not female mice through a defect that is extrinsic to B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J Crouch
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rasagna Kosaraju
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - William Guesdon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Armstrong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Nichole Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Raghav Jain
- The College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jenifer Fenton
- The College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Fernández-Navarro T, Díaz I, Gutiérrez-Díaz I, Rodríguez-Carrio J, Suárez A, de los Reyes-Gavilán CG, Gueimonde M, Salazar N, González S. Exploring the interactions between serum free fatty acids and fecal microbiota in obesity through a machine learning algorithm. Food Res Int 2019; 121:533-541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zhuang P, Lu Y, Shou Q, Mao L, He L, Wang J, Chen J, Zhang Y, Jiao J. Differential Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801135. [PMID: 31140724 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To assess the associations of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with body fat in a population-based sample and explore the mechanism of action based on browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in high-fat-diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma EPA and DHA of 1719 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2004) are determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, while total body fat is measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DIO mice are fed a high-fat diet supplemented with EPA or DHA (1% wt/wt) for 15 weeks and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are treated with EPA or DHA during differentiation. Plasma DHA but not EPA is associated with lower body fat mass (ptrend < 0.0001), which persists in overweight/obese subjects (ptrend = 0.02). DHA supplementation reduces inguinal WAT and exhibits a more pronounced thermogenic effect than EPA in DIO mice. In vitro, the browning process is induced after 2-day and 6-day treatment with DHA and EPA, respectively. CONCLUSION Plasma DHA but not EPA is inversely associated with body fat mass. The more potent anti-adipogenic effect of DHA than EPA may involve a better capability of inducing browning of WAT for DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Lu
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiyang Shou
- Experimental Animal Research Center & Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lilin He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
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Miotto PM, McGlory C, Bahniwal R, Kamal M, Phillips SM, Holloway GP. Supplementation with dietary ω-3 mitigates immobilization-induced reductions in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in young women. FASEB J 2019; 33:8232-8240. [PMID: 30970218 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900095r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 (ω-3) supplementation attenuates immobilization-induced atrophy; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Since mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been implicated in muscle atrophy, we examined whether ω-3 supplementation could mitigate disuse-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Healthy young women (age = 22 ± 3 yr) randomly received control (n = 9) or ω-3 supplementation (n = 11; 3 g eicosapentaenoic acid, 2 g docosahexaenoic acid) for 4 wk prior to and throughout 2 wk of single-limb immobilization. Biopsies were performed before and after 3 and 14 d of immobilization for the assessment of mitochondrial respiration, H2O2 emission, and markers of ADP transport/lipid metabolism. In controls, immobilization rapidly (3 d) reduced (∼20%) ADP-stimulated mitochondrial respiration without altering ADP sensitivity or the abundance of mitochondrial proteins. Extending immobilization to 14 d did not further reduce mitochondrial coupled respiration; however, unlike following 3 d, mitochondrial proteins were reduced ∼20%. In contrast, ω-3 supplementation prevented immobilization-induced reductions in mitochondrial content and respiration throughout the immobilization period. Regardless of dietary supplement, immobilization did not alter mitochondrial H2O2 emission in the presence or absence of ADP, markers of cellular redox state, mitochondrial lipid-supported respiration, or lipid-related metabolic proteins. These data highlight the rapidity of mitochondrial adaptations in response to muscle disuse, challenge the necessity for increased oxidative stress during inactivity, and establish that ω-3 supplementation preserves oxidative phosphorylation function and content during immobilization.-Miotto, P. M., McGlory, C., Bahniwal, R., Kamal, M., Phillips, S. M., Holloway, G. P. Supplementation with dietary ω-3 mitigates immobilization-induced reductions in skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Miotto
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris McGlory
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ravninder Bahniwal
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Kamal
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham P Holloway
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Martínez N, Prieto I, Hidalgo M, Segarra AB, Martínez-Rodríguez AM, Cobo A, Ramírez M, Gálvez A, Martínez-Cañamero M. Refined versus Extra Virgin Olive Oil High-Fat Diet Impact on Intestinal Microbiota of Mice and Its Relation to Different Physiological Variables. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020061. [PMID: 30813410 PMCID: PMC6406240 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been reported to have a distinct influence on gut microbiota in comparison to other fats, with its physiological benefits widely studied. However, a large proportion of the population consumes olive oil after a depurative process that not only mellows its taste, but also deprives it of polyphenols and other minority components. In this study, we compare the influence on the intestinal microbiota of a diet high in this refined olive oil (ROO) with other fat-enriched diets. Swiss Webster mice were fed standard or a high-fat diet enriched with EVOO, ROO, or butter (BT). Physiological parameters were also evaluated. At the end of the feeding period, DNA was extracted from feces and the 16S rRNA was pyrosequenced. The group fed ROO behaved differently to the EVOO group in half the families with statistically significant differences among the diets, with higher comparative levels in three families—Desulfovibrionaceae, Spiroplasmataceae, and Helicobacteraceae—correlating with total cholesterol. These results are again indicative of a link between specific diets, certain physiological parameters and the prevalence of some taxa, but also support the possibility that polyphenols and minor components of EVOO are involved in some of the proposed effects of this fat through the modulation of the intestinal microbiota
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Martínez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén 23072, Spain.
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén 23072, Spain.
| | - Marina Hidalgo
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén 23072, Spain.
| | - Ana Belén Segarra
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén 23072, Spain.
| | - Ana M Martínez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén 23072, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cobo
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén 23072, Spain.
| | - Manuel Ramírez
- Área de Fisiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén 23072, Spain.
| | - Antonio Gálvez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén 23072, Spain.
| | - Magdalena Martínez-Cañamero
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Jaén, Paraje de Las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén 23072, Spain.
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