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Torrents-Masoliver B, Terriente-Palacios C, Bover-Cid S, Jofré A, Castellari M, Ribas-Agustí A. Effect of pH and temperature on tropane alkaloids within a processing strategy to provide safe infant cereal-based food. Food Res Int 2024; 188:114439. [PMID: 38823829 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are secondary metabolites from weeds that can contaminate cereals and vegetables during harvest. Due to their toxicity, the Regulation (EC) 2023/915 sets maximum levels for atropine and scopolamine in cereal-based foods for infants containing millet, sorghum, buckwheat or their derived products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pH and temperature on the stability of TAs, as possible parameters in thermal processing to mitigate this chemical hazard in cereal-based infant food. The effect of pH (4 and 7) and temperature (80 °C and 100 °C) was assessed in buffer solutions. Also, treatment at 180 °C was performed in spiked and naturally incurred millet flour to assess the effect of high temperature, simulating cooking or drying, on the stability of TAs in the cereal matrix. The fate of 24 TAs was assessed by UHPLC-MS/MS. TAs showed high thermostability, although it was variable depending on the specific compound, pH, temperature and treatment time. In buffer solutions, higher degradation was found at 100 °C and pH 7. In spiked millet flour at 180 °C for 10 min, scopolamine and atropine contents decreased by 25 % and 22 %, similarly to other TAs which also showed a slow thermal degradation. Atropine, scopolamine, anisodamine, norscopolamine, scopine and scopoline were found in naturally contaminated millet flour. Interestingly, naturally incurred atropine was more thermostable than when spiked, showing a protective effect of the cereal matrix on TAs degradation. The present results highlight the need for an accurate monitorization of TAs in raw materials, as this chemical hazard may remain in infant cereal-based food even after intense thermal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Torrents-Masoliver
- IRTA (Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology), Food Safety and Functionality Programme, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17200 Monells, Spain
| | - Carlos Terriente-Palacios
- Present address: Metabolomics Platform, Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture "La Mayora", University of Málaga-Spanish National Research Council (IHSM UMA-CSIC), Avenue Louis Pasteur 49, 29010, Malaga, Spain
| | - Sara Bover-Cid
- IRTA (Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology), Food Safety and Functionality Programme, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17200 Monells, Spain
| | - Anna Jofré
- IRTA (Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology), Food Safety and Functionality Programme, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17200 Monells, Spain
| | - Massimo Castellari
- IRTA (Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology), Food Safety and Functionality Programme, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17200 Monells, Spain
| | - Albert Ribas-Agustí
- IRTA (Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology), Food Safety and Functionality Programme, Finca Camps i Armet s/n, 17200 Monells, Spain.
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2
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Zhou T, Xing Q, Bu J, Han W, Shen Z. Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analysis reveals the regulatory mechanisms of flavonoid and alkaloid biosynthesis in the new and old leaves of Murraya tetramera Huang. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:499. [PMID: 38840069 PMCID: PMC11151518 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murraya tetramera Huang is a traditional Chinese woody medicine. Its leaves contain flavonoids, alkaloids, and other active compounds, which have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, as well as hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects, and anti-tumor effects. There are significant differences in the content of flavonoids and alkaloids in leaves during different growth cycles, but the synthesis mechanism is still unclear. RESULTS In April 2021, new leaves (one month old) and old leaves (one and a half years old) of M. tetramera were used as experimental materials to systematically analyze the changes in differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) with transcriptomics and metabolomics technology. This was done to identify the signaling pathways of flavonoid and alkaloid synthesis. The results showed that the contents of total alkaloids and flavonoids in old leaves were significantly higher than those in new leaves. Thirteen flavonoid compounds, three isoflavone compounds, and nineteen alkaloid compounds were identified, and 125 and 48 DEGs related to flavonoid and alkaloid synthesis were found, respectively. By constructing the KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) network of DEGs and DAMs, it was shown that the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis in M. tetramera mainly focuses on the "flavonoid biosynthetic pathway" and the "flavonoid and flavonol biosynthetic pathway". Among them, p-Coumaryl alcohol, Sinapyl alcohol, Phloretin, and Isoquercitrin were significantly accumulated in old leaves, the up-regulated expression of CCR (cinnamoyl-CoA reductase) might promote the accumulation of p-Coumaryl alcohol, upregulation of F5H (ferulate-5-hydroxylase) might promote Sinapyl alcohol accumulation. Alkaloids, including indole alkaloids, pyridine alkaloids, imidazole alkaloids, and quinoline alkaloids, were significantly accumulated in old leaves, and a total of 29 genes were associated with these substances. CONCLUSIONS These data are helpful to better understand the biosynthesis of flavonoids and alkaloids in M. tetramera and provide a scientific basis for the development of medicinal components in M. tetramera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No.498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Qinqin Xing
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No.498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jiahao Bu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No.498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China
| | - Wenjun Han
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, No.498, South Shaoshan Road, Changsha, 410004, Hunan Province, China.
| | - Zhiguo Shen
- Henan Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, 450008, Henan Province, China.
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Mateus ARS, Crisafulli C, Cruz Barros S, Pena A, Sanches Silva A. Development and validation of an analytical method based on QuEChERS followed by UHPLC-ToF-MS for the determination of tropane alkaloids in buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum L.) and buckwheat products. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2024; 41:648-663. [PMID: 38635926 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2024.2339325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
A method was developed for the determination of tropane alkaloids (TAs), including atropine, scopolamine, anisodamine and homatropine in buckwheat and related products. This work presents an optimised methodology based on QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) extraction procedure followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the determination of TAs (atropine, scopolamine, anisodamine and homatropine) in buckwheat samples. The analytical methodology was successfully validated, demonstrating good linearity, low limit of quantification, repeatability (RSDr < 15%), inter-day precision (RSDR < 19%) and recovery (74-113%). Finally, 13 commercial samples of buckwheat were analysed and the results demonstrated that they were in compliance with the current European regulations regarding TAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Soares Mateus
- National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Food Science and Pharmacology Laboratory, Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Animal Science Studies Centre (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Crisafulli
- National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Silvia Cruz Barros
- National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research (INIAV), I.P., Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Angelina Pena
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Animal Science Studies Centre (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Animal Science Studies Centre (CECA), ICETA, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Al4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal
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Xia Q, Pingcuo R, Yang C, Xiong W, Peng X, Xia J, Wang W, Hai M. A Review on the Chemical Properties, Plant Sources, Anti-shock Effects, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicity, and Clinical Applications of Anisodamine. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301477. [PMID: 38415906 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Alkaloids are natural products that occur widely in many herbal plants. Anisodamine, widely present in the Solanaceae family, is an alkaloid extracted from the roots of the Anisodus tanguticus Maxim. It is an antagonist to M-choline receptors and exhibits diverse pharmacological effects, such as cholinolytic effect, calcium antagonist effect, anti-oxygenation effect. Anisodamine, a prominent constituent of the tropine alkaloid family, exhibits a range of pharmacological effects akin to those of atropine and scopolamine. owing to its low toxicity and moderate efficacy in clinical to wide applications, especially for varieties of shock treatment. However, there remains a dearth of research regarding the in vivo pharmacokinetics, mechanism of action, and toxicity of anisodamine. Consequently, this paper provides a comprehensive review of the anti-shock effects, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of anisodamine to increase the understanding of its medicinal value, and provide reference and inspiration for the clinical application and further in-depth research of anisodamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurui Xia
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Raoji Pingcuo
- Limei Tibetan Medicine Hospital, Liwuqi, 855600, China
| | - Ce Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical Colleges, Chongqing, 404120, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical Colleges, Chongqing, 404120, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Wenxiang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Three Gorges Medical Colleges, Chongqing, 404120, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Development and Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, 404120, China
| | - Meirong Hai
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
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Rasi A, Sabokdast M, Naghavi MR, Jariani P, Dedičová B. Modulation of Tropane Alkaloids' Biosynthesis and Gene Expression by Methyl Jasmonate in Datura stramonium L.: A Comparative Analysis of Scopolamine, Atropine, and Hyoscyamine Accumulation. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:618. [PMID: 38792639 PMCID: PMC11123313 DOI: 10.3390/life14050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Scopolamine and atropine are two medicinal alkaloids derived from Datura stramonium L. with anticholinergic properties. This study explored how methyl jasmonate (MJ), a plant growth regulator, affects the biosynthesis and accumulation of these alkaloids in different plant tissues. The expression levels of putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT), tropinone reductase I (TR1), and hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (h6h), three critical enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway, were also analyzed. The results indicated that MJ at 150 µM increased the production of scopolamine and atropine in both leaves and roots, while MJ at 300 µM had an adverse effect. Furthermore, MJ enhanced the expression of PMT, TR1, and h6h genes in the roots, the primary site of alkaloid synthesis, but not in the leaves, the primary site of alkaloid storage. These results imply that MJ can be applied to regulate the biosynthesis and accumulation of scopolamine and atropine in D. stramonium, thereby improving their production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Rasi
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (A.R.); (M.R.N.); (P.J.)
| | - Manijeh Sabokdast
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (A.R.); (M.R.N.); (P.J.)
| | - Mohammad Reza Naghavi
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (A.R.); (M.R.N.); (P.J.)
| | - Parisa Jariani
- Department of Agriculture and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-11167, Iran; (A.R.); (M.R.N.); (P.J.)
| | - Beáta Dedičová
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU) Alnarp, Sundsvägen 10, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
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6
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Lorrai R, Cavaterra D, Giammaria S, Sbardella D, Tundo GR, Boccaccini A. Eye Diseases: When the Solution Comes from Plant Alkaloids. PLANTA MEDICA 2024; 90:426-439. [PMID: 38452806 DOI: 10.1055/a-2283-2350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Plants are an incredible source of metabolites showing a wide range of biological activities. Among these, there are the alkaloids, which have been exploited for medical purposes since ancient times. Nowadays, many plant-derived alkaloids are the main components of drugs used as therapy for different human diseases. This review deals with providing an overview of the alkaloids used to treat eye diseases, describing the historical outline, the plants from which they are extracted, and the clinical and molecular data supporting their therapeutic activity. Among the different alkaloids that have found application in medicine so far, atropine and pilocarpine are the most characterized ones. Conversely, caffeine and berberine have been proposed for the treatment of different eye disorders, but further studies are still necessary to fully understand their clinical value. Lastly, the alkaloid used for managing hypertension, reserpine, has been recently identified as a potential drug for ameliorating retinal disorders. Other important aspects discussed in this review are different solutions for alkaloid production. Given that the industrial production of many of the plant-derived alkaloids still relies on extraction from plants, and the chemical synthesis can be highly expensive and poorly efficient, alternative methods need to be found. Biotechnologies offer a multitude of possibilities to overcome these issues, spanning from genetic engineering to synthetic biology for microorganisms and bioreactors for plant cell cultures. However, further efforts are needed to completely satisfy the pharmaceutical demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Lorrai
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Cavaterra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università di Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Grazia Raffaella Tundo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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7
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Gou Y, Jing Y, Song J, Nagdy MM, Peng C, Zeng L, Chen M, Lan X, Htun ZLL, Liao Z, Li Y. A novel bHLH gene responsive to low nitrogen positively regulates the biosynthesis of medicinal tropane alkaloids in Atropa belladonna. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131012. [PMID: 38522709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Medicinal tropane alkaloids (TAs), including hyoscyamine, anisodamine and scopolamine, are essential anticholinergic drugs specifically produced in several solanaceous plants. Atropa belladonna is one of the most important medicinal plants that produces TAs. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate new A. belladonna germplasm with the high content of TAs. Here, we found that the levels of TAs were elevated under low nitrogen (LN) condition, and identified a LN-responsive bHLH transcription factor (TF) of A. belladonna (named LNIR) regulating the biosynthesis of TAs. The expression level of LNIR was highest in secondary roots where TAs are synthesized specifically, and was significantly induced by LN. Further research revealed that LNIR directly activated the transcription of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase gene (H6H) by binding to its promoter, which converts hyoscyamine into anisodamine and subsequently epoxidizes anisodamine to form scopolamine. Overexpression of LNIR upregulated the expression levels of TA biosynthesis genes and consequently led to the increased production of TAs. In summary, we functionally identified a LN-responsive bHLH gene that facilitated the development of A. belladonna with high-yield TAs under the decreased usage of nitrogen fertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Gou
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanming Jing
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jiaxin Song
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mohammad Mahmoud Nagdy
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, National Research Centre, 12311 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Chao Peng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lingjiang Zeng
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, The Provincial and Ministerial Co-founded Collaborative Innovation Center for R&D in Xizang Characteristic Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Resources, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi of Xizang 860000, China
| | - Zun Lai Lai Htun
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Botany, University of Magway, Magway 04012, Myanmar
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Haist G, Sidjimova B, Yankova-Tsvetkova E, Nikolova M, Denev R, Semerdjieva I, Bastida J, Berkov S. Metabolite profiling and histochemical localization of alkaloids in Hippeastrum papilio (Ravena) van Scheepen. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 296:154223. [PMID: 38507926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Hippeastrum papilio (Amaryllidaceae) is a promising new source of galanthamine - an alkaloid used for the cognitive treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The biosynthesis and accumulation of alkaloids are tissue - and organ-specific. In the present study, histochemical localization of alkaloids in H. papilio's plant organs with Dragendorff's reagent, revealed their presence in all studied samples. Alkaloids were observed in vascular bundles, vacuoles, and intracellular spaces, while in other plant tissues and structures depended on the plant organ. The leaf parenchyma and the vascular bundles were indicated as alkaloid-rich structures which together with the high proportion of alkaloids in the phloem sap (49.3% of the Total Ion Current - TIC, measured by GC-MS) indicates the green tissues as a possible site of galanthamine biosynthesis. The bulbs and roots showed higher alkaloid content compared to the leaf parts. The highest alkaloid content was found in the inner bulb part. GC-MS metabolite profiling of H. papilio's root, bulb, and leaves revealed about 82 metabolites (>0.01% of TIC) in the apolar, polar, and phenolic acid fractions, including organic acids, fatty acids, sterols, sugars, amino acids, free phenolic acids, and conjugated phenolic acids. The most of organic and fatty acids were in the peak part of the root, while the outermost leaf was enriched with sterols. The outer and middle parts of the bulb had the highest amount of saccharides, while the peak part of the middle leaf had most of the amino acids, free and conjugated phenolic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Haist
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boriana Sidjimova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Nikolova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rumen Denev
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria; Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University, 4000, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Grup de Productes Naturals, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII #27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Strahil Berkov
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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9
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Wang L, Zhu X, Wang B, Wang Y, Wang M, Yang S, Su C, Chang J, Zhu B. Design, Synthesis, and Activity Evaluation of Fluorine-Containing Scopolamine Analogues as Potential Antidepressants. J Med Chem 2024; 67:5391-5420. [PMID: 38354305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop novel rapid-acting antidepressants with sustained efficacy and favorable safety profiles. We designed and synthesized a series of fluorine-containing scopolamine analogues and evaluated their antidepressant potential. In vitro cytotoxicity assays showed that most of these compounds exhibited minimal toxicity against neuronal and non-neuronal mammalian cell lines (IC50 > 100 μM). The antidepressant activities of the compounds were evaluated using the tail suspension test, and S-3a was identified as a lead compound with potent and sustained antidepressant effects. Behaviorally, S-3a alleviated depressive symptoms in mice and displayed a higher cognitive safety margin than scopolamine. Toxicological assessments confirmed S-3a's safety, while pharmacokinetics showed a rapid clearance (half-life: 16.6 min). Mechanistically, S-3a antagonized M1 receptors and elevated BDNF levels, suggesting its potential as an antidepressant for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Xushuo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Yijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Shuping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Chenhe Su
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Junbiao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drugs, Pingyuan Laboratory, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Innovative Drug, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
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Saini A, Seni K, Chawla PA, Chawla V, Ganti SS. An insight into recent updates on analytical techniques for bioactive alkaloids. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:423-444. [PMID: 38369684 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alkaloids represent a wide class of naturally existing nitrogen-containing organic compounds having diverse biological activities. They are primary bioactive substances extracted from diverse plant parts. Due to their diverse biological activities, they are frequently used as medicines. The alkaloids have diverse pharmacological impacts on the human body; alkaloids are used for prevention, treatment, and reduction of discomfort associated with chronic illnesses. As most alkaloids exist in plants in complex form, combined with numerous other natural plant components, it is essential to recognize and characterize these molecules using different analytical techniques. OBJECTIVES We aimed to review the literature on the methods and protocols for the analysis of naturally occurring alkaloids. METHODS We carried out a literature survey using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases and other relevant published materials. The keywords used in the searches were "alkaloids," "analytical methods," "HPLC method," "GC method," "electrochemical methods," and "bioanalytical methods," in various combinations. RESULTS In this article, several classes of alkaloids are presented, along with their biological activities. Moreover, it includes a thorough explanation of chromatographic techniques, hyphenated techniques, electrochemical techniques, and current trending analytical methods utilized for the isolation, identification, and comprehensive characterization of alkaloids. CONCLUSIONS The various analytical techniques play an important role in the identification as well as the characterization of various alkaloids from plants, plasma samples, and urine samples. The hyphenation of various chromatographic techniques with mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy plays a crucial role in the characterization of unknown compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Saini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Kushal Seni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja A Chawla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Viney Chawla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, Punjab, India
| | - Subrahmanya S Ganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, India
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Patil MD, Ghosh KK, RajanBabu TV. Cobalt-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroboration of α-Substituted Acrylates. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:6604-6617. [PMID: 38431968 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Even though metal-catalyzed enantioselective hydroborations of alkenes have attracted enormous attention, few preparatively useful reactions of α-alkyl acrylic acid derivatives are known, and most use rhodium catalysts. No examples of asymmetric hydroboration of the corresponding α-arylacrylic acid esters are known. In our continuing efforts to search for new applications of earth-abundant cobalt catalysts for broadly applicable organic transformations, we have identified 2-(2-diarylphosphinophenyl)oxazoline ligands and mild reaction conditions for efficient and highly regio- and enantioselective hydroboration of α-alkyl- and α-aryl- acrylates, giving β-borylated propionates. Since the C-B bonds in these compounds can be readily replaced by C-O, C-N, and C-C bonds, these intermediates could serve as valuable chiral synthons, some from feedstock carbon sources, for the synthesis of propionate-bearing motifs including polyketides and related molecules. Two-step syntheses of "Roche" ester from methyl methacrylate (79%; er 99:1), arguably the most widely used chiral fragment in polyketide synthesis, and tropic acid esters (∼80% yield; er ∼93:7), which are potential intermediates for several medicinally important classes of compounds, illustrate the power of the new methods. Mechanistic studies confirm the requirement of a cationic Co(I) species [(L)Co]+as the viable catalyst in these reactions and rule out the possibility of a [L]Co-H-initiated route, which has been well-established in related hydroborations of other classes of alkenes. A mechanism involving an oxidative migration of a boryl group to the β-carbon of an η4-coordinated acrylate-cobalt complex is proposed as a plausible route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj D Patil
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Kiron Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - T V RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
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Pourhabibian S, Iranbakhsh A, Ebadi M, Hassanpour H, Hekmat A. Alteration in the callogenesis, tropane alkaloid formation, and gene expression in Hyoscyamus niger under clinorotation. PROTOPLASMA 2024; 261:293-302. [PMID: 37814140 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01894-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of clinorotation induced by 2-D clinostat on the growth, tropane alkaloid production, gene expression, antioxidant capacity, and cellular defense responses in the callus tissue of Hyoscyamus niger. Callus induction was conducted by putting hypocotyl explants in the MS culture medium supplemented with 1 mgL-1 2,4-D and 1 mgL-1 BAP growth regulators. The sub-cultured calli were placed on a clinostat for 0, 3, 7, and 10 days (2.24 × 10-5 g on the edge of the callus ring). Clinorotation significantly increased callus fresh weight, dry weight, protein, carbohydrate, and proline contents compared to the control, and their maximum contents were obtained after 7 and 10 days. H2O2 level enhanced under clinorotation with a 76.3% rise after 10 days compared to control and positively affected the atropine (77.1%) and scopolamine (69.2%) productions. Hyoscyamine 6-beta hydroxylase and putrescine N-methyltransferase gene expression involved in the tropane alkaloid biosynthesis were upregulated markedly with 14.2 and 17.1-folds increase after 10 days of clinorotation, respectively. The expressions of jasmonic acid, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and ethylene-responsive element-binding transcription factor were upregulated, and the activity of peroxidase and catalase showed a 72.7 and 80% rise after 10 days. These findings suggest that microgravity can enhance callogenesis by stimulating the ROS level, which can impact the antioxidant enzymes, tropane alkaloid formation, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pourhabibian
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Iranbakhsh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mostafa Ebadi
- Department of Biology, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Halimeh Hassanpour
- Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, 14665-834, Iran
| | - Azadeh Hekmat
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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De-la-Cruz IM, Oyama K, Núñez-Farfán J. The chromosome-scale genome and the genetic resistance machinery against insect herbivores of the Mexican toloache, Datura stramonium. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkad288. [PMID: 38113048 PMCID: PMC10849327 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Plant resistance refers to the heritable ability of plants to reduce damage caused by natural enemies, such as herbivores and pathogens, either through constitutive or induced traits like chemical compounds or trichomes. However, the genetic architecture-the number and genome location of genes that affect plant defense and the magnitude of their effects-of plant resistance to arthropod herbivores in natural populations remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to unveil the genetic architecture of plant resistance to insect herbivores in the annual herb Datura stramonium (Solanaceae) through quantitative trait loci mapping. We achieved this by assembling the species' genome and constructing a linkage map using an F2 progeny transplanted into natural habitats. Furthermore, we conducted differential gene expression analysis between undamaged and damaged plants caused by the primary folivore, Lema daturaphila larvae. Our genome assembly resulted in 6,109 scaffolds distributed across 12 haploid chromosomes. A single quantitative trait loci region on chromosome 3 was associated with plant resistance, spanning 0 to 5.17 cM. The explained variance by the quantitative trait loci was 8.44%. Our findings imply that the resistance mechanisms of D. stramonium are shaped by the complex interplay of multiple genes with minor effects. Protein-protein interaction networks involving genes within the quantitative trait loci region and overexpressed genes uncovered the key role of receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases in signaling and regulating tropane alkaloids and terpenoids, which serve as powerful chemical defenses against D. stramonium herbivores. The data generated in our study constitute important resources for delving into the evolution and ecology of secondary compounds mediating plant-insect interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan M De-la-Cruz
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Alnarp 230 53, Sweden
| | - Ken Oyama
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores (ENES), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Campus Morelia, Morelia, Michoacán 8701, Mexico
| | - Juan Núñez-Farfán
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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14
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Wang T, Li Q, Zhou Z, Liu J, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Zeng Y, Zhang S, Su J. Review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Tibetan Medicine tangchong. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117129. [PMID: 37689329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tangchong (ཐང་ཕྲོམ།), a term in the Tibetan language, encompasses a diverse group of plants belonging to different genera of the Solanaceae family. These plants have been utilized in traditional Tibetan medicine for centuries and are currently still employed to treat a variety of ailments, including acute and severe abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, epilepsy, ascariasis, lung abscess, and other diseases. The therapeutic properties of tangchong are attributed to the presence of tropane alkaloids (TAs), although recent research has also revealed their toxicity. AIM OF THIS REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the traditional uses of tangchong, as well as the phytochemical and pharmacological studies conducted on this plant. The review aims to offer a critical update on the current state of knowledge of tangchong and to identify new opportunities for exploring its therapeutic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS To gather information on tangchong, we conducted a thorough search of several scientific databases, including Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scifinder, Baidu Scholar, PubMed, and CNKI. RESULTS This review summarizes the traditional usage of 11 plants, 168 chemical components, including alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, amides, coumarins, etc., describes the pharmacological activities of these medicinal plants and their mechanisms of action, provides an elaboration of toxicology, and provides new plant-derived drugs and herbal preparations from tangchong. CONCLUSIONS Clarity regarding the source of the drug is crucial to ensure the safety and efficacy of clinical applications of Tibetan medicine. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of tangchong, including its traditional medicinal uses, chemical composition, pharmacology, toxicology, and quality control measures. Our analysis highlights the significant value of tangchong as an ethnomedicinal resource, with pharmacological activities primarily linked to its alkaloid content. Furthermore, this review serves as a valuable reference for future research on alkaloid-containing ethnomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianru Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qiuyue Li
- Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service of the Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yiwen Tao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Sanyin Zhang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jinsong Su
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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15
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Zhou W, Wang C, Hao X, Chen F, Huang Q, Liu T, Xu J, Guo S, Liao B, Liu Z, Feng Y, Wang Y, Liao P, Xue J, Shi M, Maoz I, Kai G. A chromosome-level genome assembly of anesthetic drug-producing Anisodus acutangulus provides insights into its evolution and the biosynthesis of tropane alkaloids. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100680. [PMID: 37660252 PMCID: PMC10811374 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2023.100680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids (TAs), which are anticholinergic agents, are an essential class of natural compounds, and there is a growing demand for TAs with anesthetic, analgesic, and spasmolytic effects. Anisodus acutangulus (Solanaceae) is a TA-producing plant that was used as an anesthetic in ancient China. In this study, we assembled a high-quality, chromosome-scale genome of A. acutangulus with a contig N50 of 7.4 Mb. A recent whole-genome duplication occurred in A. acutangulus after its divergence from other Solanaceae species, which resulted in the duplication of ADC1 and UGT genes involved in TA biosynthesis. The catalytic activities of H6H enzymes were determined for three Solanaceae plants. On the basis of evolution and co-expressed genes, AaWRKY11 was selected for further analyses, which revealed that its encoded transcription factor promotes TA biosynthesis by activating AaH6H1 expression. These findings provide useful insights into genome evolution related to TA biosynthesis and have potential implications for genetic manipulation of TA-producing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Can Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute from Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Qikai Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Tingyao Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Jiang Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Baosheng Liao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhixiang Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Pan Liao
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiayu Xue
- College of Horticulture, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Shi
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Itay Maoz
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, P.O. Box 15159, HaMaccabim Road 68, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Provincial International S&T Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, Zhejiang Provincial Key TCM Laboratory for Chinese Resource Innovation and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinhua Academy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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16
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Ushimaru R. Three-membered ring formation catalyzed by α-ketoglutarate-dependent nonheme iron enzymes. J Nat Med 2024; 78:21-32. [PMID: 37980694 PMCID: PMC10764440 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01760-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Epoxides, aziridines, and cyclopropanes are found in various medicinal natural products, including polyketides, terpenes, peptides, and alkaloids. Many classes of biosynthetic enzymes are involved in constructing these ring structures during their biosynthesis. This review summarizes our current knowledge regarding how α-ketoglutarate-dependent nonheme iron enzymes catalyze the formation of epoxides, aziridines, and cyclopropanes in nature, with a focus on enzyme mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richiro Ushimaru
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
- Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
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17
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Santos HI, Pinheiro KMP, Richter EM, Coltro WKT. Determination of scopolamine and butylscopolamine in beverages, urine and Buscopan® tablets samples using electrophoresis microchip with integrated contactless conductivity detection. Talanta 2024; 266:124960. [PMID: 37487267 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The number of cases in which scopolamine (SCO) was used for both recreational and predatory purposes has increased dramatically in recent decades. Linked to this, there is a concern about obtaining SCO through thermal degradation of butylscopolamine (BSCO) - an active ingredient of Buscopan® - a drug sold without a medical prescription. In this study, mixtures containing SCO and BSCO were separated and detected on a microchip electrophoresis (ME) device with integrated capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) using a running buffer composed of 40 mmol L-1 of butyric acid and 25 mmol L-1 of sodium hydroxide (pH 5.0). The separation was performed within ca. 115 s with a resolution of 1.3 and separation efficiency ranging from 1.4 × 105 to 1.5 × 105 theoretical plates m-1. A detection limit of 1.1 μmol L-1 was achieved for both species and the developed method revealed satisfactory repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) values for forty-eight injections between 4.8 and 9.4% for peak areas and lower than 3.3% for migration times. Furthermore, inter-day precision was evaluated for sixteen injections (a sequence of four injections performed over four days), and RSD values were less than 6.6% for peak areas and 2.2% for migration times. Satisfactory recovery values (95-114%) were obtained for all evaluated beverage samples (cachaça, vodka, whiskey, beer, Coca-Cola, and grape juice) as well as for artificial urine samples (95-107%). Finally, the conversion of BSCO into SCO was observed after simple heating procedure of Buscopan® sample (not subject to medical prescription), which was successfully confirmed through analysis by capillary electrophoresis coupled to the mass spectrometry (CE-MS). Based on the reported results, the use of ME-C4D devices has demonstrated a huge potential for applications in the forensic chemistry field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen I Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Kemilly M P Pinheiro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Richter
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, 38408-100, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wendell K T Coltro
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900, Goiânia, GO, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica, 13084-971, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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18
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Hu X, Liu W, Yan Y, Deng H, Cai Y. Tropinone reductase: A comprehensive review on its role as the key enzyme in tropane alkaloids biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127377. [PMID: 37839598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
TAs, including hyoscyamine and scopolamine, were used to treat neuromuscular disorders ranging from nerve agent poisoning to Parkinson's disease. Tropinone reductase I (TR-I; EC 1.1.1.206) catalyzed the conversion of tropinone into tropine in the biosynthesis of TAs, directing the metabolic flow towards hyoscyamine and scopolamine. Tropinone reductase II (TR-II; EC 1.1.1.236) was responsible for the conversion of tropinone into pseudotropine, diverting the metabolic flux towards calystegine A3. The regulation of metabolite flow through both branches of the TAs pathway seemed to be influenced by the enzymatic activity of both enzymes and their accessibility to the precursor tropinone. The significant interest in the utilization of metabolic engineering for the efficient production of TAs has highlighted the importance of TRs as crucial enzymes that govern both the direction of metabolic flow and the yield of products. This review discussed recent advances for the TRs sources, properties, protein structure and biocatalytic mechanisms, and a detailed overview of its crucial role in the metabolism and synthesis of TAs was summarized. Furthermore, we conducted a detailed investigation into the evolutionary origins of these two TRs. A prospective analysis of potential challenges and applications of TRs was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yi Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Huaxiang Deng
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Institute of Synthetic Biology, Institutes of Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujie Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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19
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Yang J, Wu Y, Zhang P, Ma J, Yao YJ, Ma YL, Zhang L, Yang Y, Zhao C, Wu J, Fang X, Liu J. Multiple independent losses of the biosynthetic pathway for two tropane alkaloids in the Solanaceae family. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8457. [PMID: 38114555 PMCID: PMC10730914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyoscyamine and scopolamine (HS), two valuable tropane alkaloids of significant medicinal importance, are found in multiple distantly related lineages within the Solanaceae family. Here we sequence the genomes of three representative species that produce HS from these lineages, and one species that does not produce HS. Our analysis reveals a shared biosynthetic pathway responsible for HS production in the three HS-producing species. We observe a high level of gene collinearity related to HS synthesis across the family in both types of species. By introducing gain-of-function and loss-of-function mutations at key sites, we confirm the reduced/lost or re-activated functions of critical genes involved in HS synthesis in both types of species, respectively. These findings indicate independent and repeated losses of the HS biosynthesis pathway since its origin in the ancestral lineage. Our results hold promise for potential future applications in the artificial engineering of HS biosynthesis in Solanaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianxiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Jun Yao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Lin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-Pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China, College of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Yongzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changmin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangwen Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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20
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Farghaly TA, Masaret GS, Abdulwahab HG. The patent review of the biological activity of tropane containing compounds. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:875-899. [PMID: 38165255 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2299349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tropane-derived medications have historically played a substantial role in pharmacotherapy. Both natural and synthetic derivatives of tropane find application in addressing diverse medical conditions. Prominent examples of tropane-based drugs include hyoscine butylbromide, recognized for its antispasmodic properties, atropine, employed as a mydriatic, maraviroc, known for its antiviral effects. trospium chloride, utilized as a spasmolytic for overactive bladder, and ipratropium, a bronchodilator. AREAS COVERED We compiled patents pertaining to the biological activity of substances containing tropane up to the year 2023 and categorized them according to the specific type of biological activity they exhibit. ScienceFinder, ScienceDirect, and Patent Guru were used to search for scientific articles and patent literature up to 2023. EXPERT OPINION Pharmaceutical researchers in academic and industrial settings have shown considerable interest in tropane derivatives. Despite this, there remains a substantial amount of work to be undertaken. A focused approach is warranted for the exploration and advancement of both natural and synthetic bioactive molecules containing tropane, facilitated through collaborative efforts between academia and industry. Leveraging contemporary techniques and technologies in medicinal and synthetic chemistry, including high throughput screening, drug repurposing,and biotechnological engineering, holds the potential to unveil novel possibilities and accelerate the drug discovery process for innovative tropane-based pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thoraya A Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada S Masaret
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Gaber Abdulwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Wang B, Chen C, Xiao Y, He Y, Gao Y, Kang Z, Wei X, Deng Y, Feng S, Zhou G. Geographically associated endophytic fungi contribute to the tropane alkaloids accumulation of Anisodus tanguticus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1297546. [PMID: 38098791 PMCID: PMC10720625 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1297546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Anisodus tanguticus is a valuable plant for extracting tropane alkaloids. However, the mechanisms by which plant microbiome mediate the accumulation of tropane alkaloids in Anisodus tanguticus are still not well understood. In this study, we collected 55 wild Anisodus tanguticus populations on the Tibetan Plateau and the tropane alkaloids content, and root-related bacteria and fungi diversity were analyzed using HPLC and 16 s rDNA and ITS sequencing. The results showed that tropane alkaloids content has obvious geographical distribution characteristics. Anisodine content had a significant positive correlation with latitude, while anisodamine and atropine content had a significant negative correlation with latitude. Variation partition analysis (VPA) showed that root endophytes play a significant role in promoting tropane alkaloid production in Anisodus tanguticus roots. The root endophytes alone explained 14% of the variation, which was the largest contributor. Soil properties variables could independently explain 5% of the variation, and climate variables could explain 1% of the variation. Of these, endophytic fungi alone accounted for 11%, while bacteria explained only 5%. Random forests and Mantel test showed that different regionally enriched endophytic fungi have a greater impact on the accumulation of tropane alkaloids than the whole endophytic fungi. Richness and relative abundance of enriched endophytic fungi in Hengduan-Qilian Mountains (HQ) group has a significant positive correlation with anisodine content, while richness and relative abundance of enriched endophytic fungi in Himalayas-Hengduan Mountains (HH) group has a significant positive correlation with anisodamine and atropine content. And, these enriched endophytic fungi have high network connectivity and distributed in separate network modules. This study further confirmed that endophytes were closely related to tropane alkaloids accumulation in Anisodus tanguticus and contribute to promote sustainable development, cultivation, and precision medicine of Anisodus tanguticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
| | - Yuanming Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
| | - Yan He
- Datong Beichuan Heyuan District National Nature Reserve, Xining, China
| | - Ying Gao
- Datong Beichuan Heyuan District National Nature Reserve, Xining, China
| | - Zongxiu Kang
- Datong Beichuan Heyuan District National Nature Reserve, Xining, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wei
- Datong Beichuan Heyuan District National Nature Reserve, Xining, China
| | - Yujie Deng
- Datong Beichuan Heyuan District National Nature Reserve, Xining, China
| | - Shihong Feng
- Chengdu Tianxianzi agricultural science and technology development Co., LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoying Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Xining, China
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22
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Mazzotta S, Rositano V, Senaldi L, Bernardi A, Allegrini P, Appendino G. Scalemic natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1647-1671. [PMID: 37439042 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00014a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to the end of 2022The area of scalemic natural products is often enigmatic from a mechanistic standpoint, since low optical purity is observed in compounds having multiple contiguous stereogenic centers resulting from mechanistically distinct biogenetic steps. A scalemic state is rarely the result of a sloppy enzymatic activity, rather resulting from the expression of antipodal enzymes/directing proteins or from the erosion of optical purity by enzymatic or spontaneous reactions. Evidence for these processes is critically reviewed, identifying the mechanisms most often associated to the enzymatic generation of scalemic natural products and also discussing analytical exploitations of natural products' scalemicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mazzotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Rositano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Indena SpA, Via Don Minzoni 6, 20049 Settala, MI, Italy
| | - Luca Senaldi
- Indena SpA, Via Don Minzoni 6, 20049 Settala, MI, Italy
| | - Anna Bernardi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Appendino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Largo Donegani 2, 28100 Novara, Italy.
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23
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Wang Z, Ma Q, Zheng P, Xie S, Yao K, Zhang J, Shao B, Jiang H. Generation of broad-spectrum recombinant antibody and construction of colorimetric immunoassay for tropane alkaloids: Recognition mechanism and application. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132247. [PMID: 37597393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids (TAs) have emerged as plant toxins, related to poisoning events. The development of stable antibodies is crucial to ensure the effectiveness of immunological methods in quickly and accurately monitoring these alkaloids. In this study, based on hybridoma, the variable region gene of monoclonal antibody (mAb) was amplified, and the recombinant antibody (rAb) gene sequence (VH-Linker-VL) was successfully constructed and expressed in HEK293F. The obtained rAb has kept the same performance as mAb, and the IC50 of 29 TAs ranged from 0.12 to 2642.78 ng/mL. In the recognition mechanism, the docking and dynamics model identified hydrophobic interaction as the most critical force. Substituent will impact recognition by influencing the spatial structure and hydrophobic properties. Then, a colorimetric immunoassay based on rAb was established, five types of water and thirty-nine nectars of honey were tested. The results demonstrated the absence of TAs in environmental water, whereas atropine was detected in more than 13.47% of honey samples at concentrations exceeding 1 μg/kg. The results show a good correlation with UHPLC-MS/MS, suggesting that the immunoassay has excellent screening ability. The data on TAs in honey and water could serve as a foundation for developing relevant policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zile Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Pimiao Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanlei Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Animal-Derived Food Safety, Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety, National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Merino I, Guasca AO, Krmela A, Arif U, Ali A, Westerberg E, Jalmi SK, Hajslova J, Schulzova V, Sitbon F. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses identify external conditions and key genes underlying high levels of toxic glycoalkaloids in tubers of stress-sensitive potato cultivars. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1210850. [PMID: 37860257 PMCID: PMC10582707 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1210850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Introduction High levels of toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) in potato tubers constitute a recognized food quality problem. Tuber SGA levels vary between potato cultivars and can increase after post-harvest stresses such as wounding and light exposure. A few cultivars, e.g., 'Magnum Bonum' and 'Lenape,' have been withdrawn from commercial sales due to excessive SGA levels during some cultivation years. However, these sudden SGA increases are diffucult to predict, and their causes are not understood. To identify external and genetic factors that underlie sudden SGA increases in certain potato cultivars, we have here in a 2-year study investigated 'Magnum Bonum' and five additional table potato cultivars for their SGA levels after wounding and light exposure. Results and methods Results showed that 'Magnum Bonum' has an unusual strong SGA response to light exposure, but not to wounding, whereas 'Bintje' displayed an opposite regulation. Levels of calystegine alkaloids were not significantly altered by treatments, implicating independent metabolic regulation of SGA and calystegine levels also under conditions of high SGA accumulation. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses identified a small number of key genes whose expression correlated with SGA differences between cultivars. Overexpression of two key genes in transgenic low-SGA potato cultivars increased their leaf SGA levels significantly. Discussion The results show that a strong response to light can underlie the SGA peaks that occasionally occur in certain potato cultivars and indicate that a between-cultivar variation in the expression of single SGA key genes can account for cultivar SGA differerences. We propose that current attempts to mitigate the SGA hazard will benefit from an increased consideration of cultivar-dependent SGA responses to post-harvest conditions, particularly light exposure. The identified key SGA genes can now be used as a molecular tool in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Merino
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Olarte Guasca
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ales Krmela
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Usman Arif
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ashfaq Ali
- National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden (NBIS), SciLifeLab at Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Westerberg
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Siddhi Kashinanth Jalmi
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vera Schulzova
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Folke Sitbon
- Department of Plant Biology, Uppsala BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, and Linnean Centre for Plant Biology, Uppsala, Sweden
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25
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Zhu Z, Xiong Z, Zou W, Shi Z, Li S, Zhang X, Liu S, Liu Y, Luo X, Ren J, Zhu Z, Dong P. Anti-oomycete ability of scopolamine against Phytophthora infestans, a terrible pathogen of potato late blight. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6416-6428. [PMID: 37209269 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytophthora infestans causes late blight, threatening potato production. The tropane alkaloid scopolamine from some industrial plants (Datura, Atropa, etc.) has a broad-spectrum bacteriostatic effect, but its effect on P. infestans is unknown. RESULTS In the present study, scopolamine inhibited the mycelial growth of phytopathogenic oomycete P. infestans, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) was 4.25 g L-1 . The sporangia germination rates were 61.43%, 16.16%, and 3.99% at concentrations of zero (control), 0.5 IC50 , and IC50 , respectively. The sporangia viability of P. infestans was significantly reduced after scopolamine treatment through propidium iodide and fluorescein diacetate staining, speculating that scopolamine destroyed cell membrane integrity. The detached potato tuber experiment demonstrated that scopolamine lessened the pathogenicity of P. infestans in potato tubers. Under stress conditions, scopolamine showed good inhibition of P. infestans, indicating that scopolamine could be used in multiple adverse conditions. The combination effect of scopolamine and the chemical pesticide Infinito on P. infestans was more effective than the use of scopolamine or Infinito alone. Moreover, transcriptome analysis suggested that scopolamine leaded to a downregulation of most P. infestans genes, functioning in cell growth, cell metabolism, and pathogenicity. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to detect scopolamine inhibitory activity against P. infestans. Also, our findings highlight the potential of scopolamine as an eco-friendly option for controlling late blight in the future. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Hongshen Honors School, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziwen Xiong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Hongshen Honors School, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenjin Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Hongshen Honors School, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwen Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Hongshen Honors School, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shanying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Hongshen Honors School, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinze Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shicheng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Hongshen Honors School, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunguang Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenglin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Breeding for Tuber and Root Crops, Chongqing, China
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26
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Kumar P, Banik SP, Goel A, Chakraborty S, Bagchi M, Bagchi D. A critical assessment of the whole plant-based phytotherapeutics from Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal with respect to safety and efficacy vis-a-vis leaf or root extract-based formulation. Toxicol Mech Methods 2023; 33:698-706. [PMID: 37533233 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2023.2242933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, popularly known as Ashwagandha or Indian ginseng, is well acclaimed for its health-enhancing effects, including its potent immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-tumorigenic properties. The prime biological effectors of these attributes are a diverse group of ergostane-based steroidal lactones termed withanolides. Withanones and withanosides are distributed differentially across the plant body, whereas withanolides and withanones are known to be more abundant in leaves, while withanosides are found exclusively in the roots of the plants. Standardized W. somnifera extract is Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS)-affirmed, however, moderate to severe toxic manifestations may occur at high dosages. Withaferin A, which also happens to be the primary bioactive ingredient for the effectiveness of this plant. There have been contrasting reports regarding the distribution of withaferin A in W. somnifera. While most reports state that the roots of the plant have the highest concentrations of this phytochemical, several others have indicated that leaves can accumulate withaferin A in proportionately higher amounts. A comprehensive survey of the available reports suggests that the biological effects of Ashwagandha are grossly synergistic in nature, with many withanolides together mediating the desired physiological effect. In addition, an assorted formulation of withanolides can also neutralize the toxic effects (if any) associated with withaferin A. This mini-review presents a fresh take on the recent developments regarding the safety and toxicity of the plant, along with a critical assessment of the use of roots against leaves as well as whole plants to develop therapeutic formulations. Going by the currently available scientific evidence, it is safe to infer that the use of whole plant formulations instead of exclusively root or leaf recipes may present the best possible option for further exploration of therapeutic benefits from this novel medicinal plant.HighlightsTherapeutic potential of withanolides owes to the presence of α,β unsaturated ketone which binds to amines, alcohols, and esters and 5β, 6β epoxy group which react with side chain thiols of proteins.At concentrations above NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level), the same mechanisms contribute towards toxicity of the molecule.Although withanosides are found exclusively in roots, whole plants have higher contents of withanones and withanolides.Whole plant-based formulations have other metabolites which can nullify the toxicity associated with roots.Extracts made from whole plants, therefore can holistically impart all therapeutic benefits as well as mitigate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- R&D Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Samudra P Banik
- Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, India
| | - Apurva Goel
- Regulatory Department, Chemical Resources (CHERESO), Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjoy Chakraborty
- Department of Biological Sciences, New York City College of Technology/CUNY, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Debasis Bagchi
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, and Dept of Psychology, Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Garden City, NY, USA
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27
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Zamar DL, Papon N, Courdavault V. The Evolutionary Pattern of Cocaine and Hyoscyamine Biosynthesis Provides Strategies To Produce Tropane Alkaloids. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300234. [PMID: 37249120 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine and hyoscyamine are two tropane alkaloids (TA) from Erythroxylaceae and Solanaceae, respectively. These famous compounds possess anticholinergic properties that can be used to treat neuromuscular disorders. While the hyoscyamine biosynthetic pathway has been fully elucidated allowing its de novo synthesis in yeast, the cocaine pathway remained only partially elucidated. Recently, the Huang research group has completed the cocaine biosynthetic route by characterizing its two missing enzymes. This allowed the whole pathway to be transferring into Nicotiana benthamiana to achieve cocaine production. Here, besides highlighting the impact of this discovery, we discuss how TA biosynthesis evolved via the recruitment of two distinct and convergent pathways in Erythroxylaceae and Solanaceae. Finally, while enriching our knowledge on TA biosynthesis, this diversification of the molecular actors involved in cocaine and hyoscyamine biosynthesis opens perspectives in metabolic engineering by exploring enzyme biochemical plasticity that can ease and shorten TA pathway reconstitution in heterologous organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duchesse-Lacours Zamar
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Pharmacie, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, 31, Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
| | - Nicolas Papon
- Université d'Angers, Fungal Respiratory Infections Research Unit, University Hospital of Angers, 4 rue de Larrey, 49933, Angers Cedex 09, France
| | - Vincent Courdavault
- Université de Tours, Faculté de Pharmacie, EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, 31, Avenue Monge, 37200, Tours, France
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28
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Biswas D, Chakraborty A, Mukherjee S, Ghosh B. Hairy root culture: a potent method for improved secondary metabolite production of Solanaceous plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1197555. [PMID: 37731987 PMCID: PMC10507345 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1197555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Secondary metabolites synthesized by the Solanaceous plants are of major therapeutic and pharmaceutical importance, many of which are commonly obtained from the roots of these plants. 'Hairy roots', mirroring the same phytochemical pattern of the corresponding root of the parent plant with higher growth rate and productivity, are therefore extensively studied as an effective alternative for the in vitro production of these metabolites. Hairy roots are the transformed roots, generated from the infection site of the wounded plants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes. With their fast growth, being free from pathogen and herbicide contamination, genetic stability, and autotrophic nature for plant hormones, hairy roots are considered as useful bioproduction systems for specialized metabolites. Lately, several elicitation methods have been employed to enhance the accumulation of these compounds in the hairy root cultures for both small and large-scale production. Nevertheless, in the latter case, the cultivation of hairy roots in bioreactors should still be optimized. Hairy roots can also be utilized for metabolic engineering of the regulatory genes in the metabolic pathways leading to enhanced production of metabolites. The present study summarizes the updated and modern biotechnological aspects for enhanced production of secondary metabolites in the hairy root cultures of the plants of Solanaceae and their respective importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptesh Biswas
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
| | - Avijit Chakraborty
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
| | - Swapna Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology, Dinabandhu Andrews College, Kolkata, India
| | - Biswajit Ghosh
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Kolkata, India
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29
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Lamhauge JN, McLeod DA, Barløse CL, Oliver GA, Viborg L, Warburg T, Anker Jørgensen K. Enantioselective Synthesis of Tropane Scaffolds by an Organocatalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of 3-Oxidopyridinium Betaines and Dienamines. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301830. [PMID: 37318111 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids constitute a compound-class which is structurally defined by a central 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core. A diverse bioactivity profile combined with an unusual aza-bridged bicyclic framework has made tropanes molecules-of-interest within organic chemistry. Enantioselective examples of (5+2) cycloadditions between 3-oxidopyridinium betaines and olefins remain unexplored, despite 3-oxidopyridinium betaines being useful reagents in organic synthesis. The first asymmetric (5+2) cycloaddition of 3-oxidopyridinium betaines is reported, affording tropane derivatives in up to quantitative yield and with excellent control of peri-, regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity. The reactivity is enabled by dienamine-activation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes combined with in situ formation of the pyridinium reaction-partner. A simple N-deprotection protocol allows for liberation of the tropane alkaloid motif, and synthetic elaborations of the cycloadducts demonstrate their synthetic utility to achieve highly diastereoselective modification around the bicyclic framework. DFT computations suggest a stepwise mechanism where regio- and stereoselectivity are defined during the first bond-forming step in which the pyridinium dipole exerts critical conformational control over its dienamine partner. In the second bond-forming step, a kinetic preference toward an initial (5+4) cycloadduct was identified; however, a lack of catalyst turn-over, reversibility, and thermodynamic bias favoring a (5+2) cycloadduct rendered the reaction fully periselective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes N Lamhauge
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - David A McLeod
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Casper L Barløse
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gwyndaf A Oliver
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Laura Viborg
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tobias Warburg
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Wen Y, Liao Y, Tang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Liao Z. Metabolic Effects of Elicitors on the Biosynthesis of Tropane Alkaloids in Medicinal Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3050. [PMID: 37687296 PMCID: PMC10490125 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are large secondary metabolite alkaloids that find extensive applications in the synthesis of antidotes, anesthetics, antiemetics, motion sickness drugs, and antispasmodics. The current production method primarily depends on extraction from medicinal plants of the Solanaceae family. Elicitation, as a highly effective biotechnological approach, offers significant advantages in augmenting the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The advantages include its simplicity of operation, low cost, and reduced risk of contamination. This review focuses on the impact of elicitation on the biosynthesis of TAs from three aspects: single-elicitor treatment, multiple-elicitor treatment, and the combination of elicitation strategy with other strategies. Some potential reasons are also proposed. Plant hormones and growth regulators, such as jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and their derivatives, have been extensively employed in the separate elicitation processes. In recent years, novel elicitors represented by magnetic nanoparticles have emerged as significant factors in the investigation of yield enhancement in TAs. This approach shows promising potential for further development. The current utilization of multi-elicitor treatment is constrained, primarily relying on the combination of only two elicitors for induction. Some of these combinations have been found to exhibit synergistic amplification effects. However, the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for this phenomenon remains largely unknown. The literature concerning the integration of elicitation strategy with other strategies is limited, and several research gaps require further investigation. In conclusion, the impact of various elicitors on the accumulation of TAs is well-documented. However, further research is necessary to effectively implement elicitation strategies in commercial production. This includes the development of stable bioreactors, the elucidation of regulatory mechanisms, and the identification of more potent elicitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Wen
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yiran Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yueli Tang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
- SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China;
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
- SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City & Southwest University, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.W.); (Y.L.); (Y.T.)
- SWU-TAAHC Medicinal Plant Joint R&D Centre, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Ejaz SA, Aziz M, Ahmed A, Alotaibi SS, Albogami SM, Siddique F, Batiha GES. New Insight into the Pharmacological Importance of Atropine as the Potential Inhibitor of AKR1B1 via Detailed Computational Investigations: DFTs, ADMET, Molecular Docking, and Molecular Dynamics Studies. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5136-5157. [PMID: 36847982 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04411-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this research is to investigate the quantum geometric properties and chemical reactivity of atropine, a pharmaceutically active tropane alkaloid. Using density functional theory (DFT) computations with the B3LYP/SVP functional theory basis set, the most stable geometry of atropine was determined. Additionally, a variety of energetic molecular parameters were calculated, such as the optimized energy, atomic charges, dipole moment, frontier molecular orbital energies, HOMO-LUMO energy gap, molecular electrostatic potential, chemical reactivity descriptors, and molecular polarizability. To determine atropine's inhibitory potential, molecular docking was used to analyze ligand interactions within the active pockets of aldo-keto reductase (AKR1B1 and AKR1B10). The results of these studies showed that atropine has greater inhibitory action against AKR1B1 than AKR1B10, which was further validated through molecular dynamic simulations by analyzing root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuations (RMSF). The results of the molecular docking simulation were supplemented with simulation data, and the ADMET characteristics were also determined to predict the drug likeness of a potential compound. In conclusion, the research suggests that atropine has potential as an inhibitor of AKR1B1 and could be used as a parent compound for the synthesis of more potent leads for the treatment of colon cancer associated with the sudden expression of AKR1B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Mubashir Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Saqer S Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah M Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farhan Siddique
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 60174, Norrköping, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddian Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
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Kariñho-Betancourt E, Vázquez-Lobo A, Núñez-Farfán J. Effect of Plant Defenses and Plant Nutrients on the Performance of Specialist and Generalist Herbivores of Datura: A Macroevolutionary Study. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2611. [PMID: 37514225 PMCID: PMC10384791 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Macroevolutionary patterns in the association between plant species and their herbivores result from ecological divergence promoted by, among other factors, plants' defenses and nutritional quality, and herbivore adaptations. Here, we assessed the performance of the herbivores Lema trilineata daturaphila, a trophic specialist on Datura, and Spodoptera frugiperda, a polyphagous pest herbivore, when fed with species of Datura. We used comparative phylogenetics and multivariate methods to examine the effects of Datura species' tropane alkaloids, leaf trichomes, and plant macronutrients on the two herbivores´ performances (amount of food consumed, number of damaged leaves, larval biomass increment, and larval growth efficiency). The results indicate that species of Datura do vary in their general suitability as food host for the two herbivores. Overall, the specialist performs better than the generalist herbivore across Datura species, and performance of both herbivores is associated with suites of plant defenses and nutrient characteristics. Leaf trichomes and major alkaloids of the Datura species are strongly related to herbivores' food consumption and biomass increase. Although hyoscyamine better predicts the key components of the performance of the specialist herbivore, scopolamine better predicts the performance of the generalist; however, only leaf trichomes are implicated in most performance components of the two herbivores. Nutrient quality more widely predicts the performance of the generalist herbivore. The contrasting effects of plant traits and the performances of herbivores could be related to adaptive differences to cope with plant toxins and achieve nutrient balance and evolutionary trade-offs and synergisms between plant traits to deal with a diverse community of herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice Kariñho-Betancourt
- Laboratorio de Genética Ecológica y Evolución, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Vázquez-Lobo
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca 62209, Mexico
| | - Juan Núñez-Farfán
- Laboratorio de Genética Ecológica y Evolución, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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Hatch CE, Chain WJ. Electrochemically Enabled Total Syntheses of Natural Products. ChemElectroChem 2023; 10:e202300140. [PMID: 38106361 PMCID: PMC10723087 DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical techniques have helped to enable the total synthesis of natural products since the pioneering work of Kolbe in the mid 1800's. The electrochemical toolset grows every day and these new possibilities change the way chemists look at and think about natural products. This review provides a perspective on total syntheses wherein electrochemical techniques enabled the carbon─carbon bond formations in the skeletal assembly of important natural products, discussion of mechanistic details, and representative examples of the bond formations enabled over the last several decades. These bond formations are often distinctly different from those possible with conventional chemistries and allow assemblies complementary to other techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E Hatch
- Chemical Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 E. 68 St., New York, NY, 10065 (United States)
| | - William J Chain
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, 163 The Green, Newark, DE, 19716 (United States)
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González-Gómez L, Morante-Zarcero S, Pereira JAM, Câmara JS, Sierra I. Evaluation of Tropane Alkaloids in Teas and Herbal Infusions: Effect of Brewing Time and Temperature on Atropine and Scopolamine Content. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:362. [PMID: 37368663 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atropine and scopolamine belong to the tropane alkaloid (TA) family of natural toxins. They can contaminate teas and herbal teas and appear in infusions. Therefore, this study focused on analyzing atropine and scopolamine in 33 samples of tea and herbal tea infusions purchased in Spain and Portugal to determine the presence of these compounds in infusions brewed at 97 °C for 5 min. A rapid microextraction technique (µSPEed®) followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the selected TAs. The results showed that 64% of the analyzed samples were contaminated by one or both toxins. White and green teas were generally more contaminated than black and other herbal teas. Of the 21 contaminated samples, 15 had concentrations above the maximum limit for liquid herbal infusions (0.2 ng/mL) set by Commission Regulation (EU) 2021/1408. In addition, the effects of heating conditions (time and temperature) on atropine and scopolamine standards and naturally contaminated samples of white, green, and black teas were evaluated. The results showed that at the concentrations studied (0.2 and 4 ng/mL), there was no degradation in the standard solutions. Brewing with boiling water (decoction) for 5 and 10 min allowed for higher extraction of TAs from dry tea to infusion water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena González-Gómez
- ESCET-Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sonia Morante-Zarcero
- ESCET-Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge A M Pereira
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM-Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sierra
- ESCET-Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain
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Minoia JM, Villanueva ME, Copello GJ, Rodríguez Talou J, Cardillo AB. Recycling of hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase for the in vitro production of anisodamine and scopolamine. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3459-3478. [PMID: 37099059 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12537-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine, anisodamine, and scopolamine are extensively used medicines. In particular, scopolamine has the greatest value in the market. Hence, strategies to enhance its production have been explored as an alternative to traditional field-plant cultivation. In this work, we developed biocatalytic strategies for the transformation of hyoscyamine into its products utilizing a recombinant Hyoscyamine 6β-hydroxylase (H6H) fusion protein to the chitin-binding domain of the chitinase A1 from Bacillus subtilis (ChBD-H6H). Catalysis was carried out in batch, and recycling of H6H constructions was performed via affinity-immobilization, glutaraldehyde crosslinking, and adsorption-desorption of the enzyme to different chitin matrices. ChBD-H6H utilized as free enzyme achieved complete conversion of hyoscyamine in 3- and 22-h bioprocesses. Chitin particles demonstrated to be the most convenient support for ChBD-H6H immobilization and recycling. Affinity-immobilized ChBD-H6H operated in a three-cycle bioprocess (3 h/cycle, 30 °C) yielded in the first and third reaction cycle 49.8% and 22.2% of anisodamine and 0.7% and 0.3% of scopolamine, respectively. However, glutaraldehyde crosslinking decreased enzymatic activity in a broad range of concentrations. Instead, the adsorption-desorption approach equaled the maximal conversion of the free enzyme in the first cycle and retained higher enzymatic activity than the carrier-bound strategy along the consecutive cycles. The adsorption-desorption strategy permitted the reutilization of the enzyme in a simple and economical manner while exploiting the maximal conversion activity displayed by the free enzyme. This approach is valid since other enzymes present in the E. coli lysate do not interfere with the reaction. KEY POINTS: • A biocatalytic system for anisodamine and scopolamine production was developed. • Affinity-immobilized ChBD-H6H in ChP retained catalytic activity. • Enzyme-recycling by adsorption-desorption strategies improves product yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Minoia
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María E Villanueva
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján (UNLu), Luján, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo J Copello
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Cátedra de Química Analítica Instrumental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julián Rodríguez Talou
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra B Cardillo
- Facultad de Farmacia Y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología, Biotecnología y Genética, Cátedra de Biotecnología, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Nanobiotecnología (NANOBIOTEC), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Xue Q, Xing Q, Dong L, Guo M, Zhang X, Wei X, Jia B, Wang Y, Chen H, Hu X, Liu H, Zhang Y, Wong GTC, Huang C. ST36 acupoint injection with anisodamine for postoperative nausea and vomiting in female patients after bariatric surgery: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Surg Endosc 2023:10.1007/s00464-023-10037-6. [PMID: 37095234 PMCID: PMC10338617 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-023-10037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of multimodal pharmacological prophylactic regimes has decreased postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in general but it still occurs in over 60% of female patients after bariatric surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ST36 acupoint injection with anisodamine in prevention of PONV among female patients after bariatric surgery. METHODS Ninety patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were randomly allocated to anisodamine or control group at the ratio of 2:1. Anisodamine or normal saline was injected into Zusanli (ST36) bilaterally after induction of general anesthesia. The incidence and severity of PONV were assessed during the first 3 postoperative days and at 3 months. The quality of early recovery of anesthesia, gastrointestinal function, sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and complications were also evaluated. RESULTS Baseline and perioperative characteristics were comparable between two groups. In the anisodamine group, 25 patients (42.4%) experienced vomiting within postoperative 24 h compared with 21 (72.4%) in the control group (relative risk 0.59; 95% confidence interval 0.40-0.85). Time to first rescue antiemetic was 6.5 h in anisodamine group, and 1.7 h in the control group (P = 0.011). Less rescue antiemetic was required during the first 24 h in the anisodamine group (P = 0.024). There were no differences in either postoperative nausea or other recovery characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The addition of ST36 acupoint injection with anisodamine significantly reduced postoperative vomiting without affecting nausea in female patients with obesity undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Qijing Xing
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xinchun Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Benli Jia
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xianwen Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.
| | - Gordon Tin Chun Wong
- Department of Anaesthesiology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Chunxia Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, Anhui Province, China.
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Corsetti M, Forestier S, Jiménez M. Hyoscine butylbromide mode of action on bowel motility: From pharmacology to clinical practice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2023; 35:e14451. [PMID: 35972266 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyoscine butylbromide (HBB) has been available for use as an antispasmodic since 1951 and is indicated for the treatment of abdominal pain associated with cramps. A previous review in 2007 summarized the evidence on the mode of action of HBB in vitro and in vivo in both animal and human studies. However, since then, novel publications have appeared within the literature and also our knowledge of what represents normal motility in humans has evolved. PURPOSE This review is the result of the collaboration between a basic scientist and clinicians with the aim of providing an updated overview of the mechanisms of action of HBB and its clinical efficacy to guide not only use in clinical practice, but also future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Corsetti
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Marcel Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Mateus ARS, Crisafulli C, Vilhena M, Barros SC, Pena A, Sanches Silva A. The Bright and Dark Sides of Herbal Infusions: Assessment of Antioxidant Capacity and Determination of Tropane Alkaloids. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15040245. [PMID: 37104183 PMCID: PMC10144634 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15040245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal infusions are highly popular beverages consumed daily due to their health benefits and antioxidant properties. However, the presence of plant toxins, such as tropane alkaloids, constitutes a recent health concern for herbal infusions. This work presents an optimized and validated methodology based on the QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) extraction procedure followed by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography combined with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-ToF-MS) for the determination of tropane alkaloids (atropine, scopolamine, anisodamine, and homatropine) in herbal infusions, in accordance with criteria established by Commission Recommendation EU No. 2015/976. One of the seventeen samples was contaminated with atropine, exceeding the current European regulation regarding tropane alkaloids. In addition, this study evaluated the antioxidant capacity of common herbal infusions available on Portuguese markets, indicating the high antioxidant capacity of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), and peppermint (Mentha x piperita).
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Hocine S, Duchamp E, Mishra A, Fourquez JM, Hanessian S. Synthesis of Aza-Bridged Perhydroazulene Chimeras of Tropanes and Hederacine A. J Org Chem 2023; 88:4675-4686. [PMID: 36940388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of two novel azaperhydroazulene tropane-hederacine chimeras A and B, which contain an 8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring and a 7-azabicyclo[4.1.1]octane ring, respectively. The synthesis of both chimeras was achieved by epoxide ring opening and was governed by the stereochemistry of the hydroxy-epoxide unit. Finally, a density functional theory study was conducted to explain the regioselectivity of the cyclization and the importance of the stereochemistry of the hydroxyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiane Hocine
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, C.P. 6128, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Edouard Duchamp
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, C.P. 6128, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Akash Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, C.P. 6128, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | | | - Stephen Hanessian
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Station Centre-Ville, C.P. 6128, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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40
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Stereoselective Synthesis of 1-Substituted Homotropanones, including Natural Alkaloid (-)-Adaline. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052414. [PMID: 36903657 PMCID: PMC10005508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The stereocontrolled synthesis of 1-substituted homotropanones, using chiral N-tert-butanesulfinyl imines as reaction intermediates, is described. The reaction of organolithium and Grignard reagents with hydroxy Weinreb amides, chemoselective N-tert-butanesulfinyl aldimine formation from keto aldehydes, decarboxylative Mannich reaction with β-keto acids of these aldimines, and organocatalyzed L-proline intramolecular Mannich cyclization are key steps of this methodology. The utility of the method was demonstrated with a synthesis of the natural product (-)-adaline, and its enantiomer, (+)-adaline.
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Penagos-Tabares F, Sulyok M, Artavia JI, Flores-Quiroz SI, Garzón-Pérez C, Castillo-Lopez E, Zavala L, Orozco JD, Faas J, Krska R, Zebeli Q. Mixtures of Mycotoxins, Phytoestrogens, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Whole-Plant Corn Silages and Total Mixed Rations of Dairy Farms in Central and Northern Mexico. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:153. [PMID: 36828467 PMCID: PMC9965745 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins and endocrine disruptors such as phytoestrogens can affect cattle health, reproduction, and productivity. Most studies of mycotoxins in dairy feeds in Mexico and worldwide have been focused on a few (regulated) mycotoxins. In contrast, less known fungal toxins, phytoestrogens, and other metabolites have been neglected and underestimated. This study analyzed a broad spectrum (>800) of mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, and fungal, plant, and unspecific secondary metabolites in whole-plant corn silages (WPCSs) and total mixed rations (TMRs) collected from 19 Mexican dairy farms. A validated multi-metabolite liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometric (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method was used. Our results revealed 125 of >800 tested (potentially toxic) secondary metabolites. WPCSs/TMRs in Mexico presented ubiquitous contamination with mycotoxins, phytoestrogens, and other metabolites. The average number of mycotoxins per TMR was 24, ranging from 9 to 31. Fusarium-derived secondary metabolites showed the highest frequencies, concentrations, and diversity among the detected fungal compounds. The most frequently detected mycotoxins in TMRs were zearalenone (ZEN) (100%), fumonisin B1 (FB1) (84%), and deoxynivalenol (84%). Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ochratoxin A (OTA), previously reported in Mexico, were not detected. All TMR samples tested positive for phytoestrogens. Among the investigated dietary ingredients, corn stover, sorghum silage, and concentrate proportions were the most correlated with levels of total mycotoxins, fumonisins (Fs), and ergot alkaloids, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Penagos-Tabares
- Unit of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- FFoQSI GmbH—Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation, Technopark 1C, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Michael Sulyok
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Samanta-Irais Flores-Quiroz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Cuautitlán, Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - César Garzón-Pérez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Cuautitlán, Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico
| | - Ezequías Castillo-Lopez
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis Zavala
- DSM-BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Faas
- DSM-BIOMIN Research Center, Technopark 1, 3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rudolf Krska
- Department of Agrobiotechnology, IFA-Tulln, Institute of Bioanalytics and Agro-Metabolomics, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 20, 3430 Tulln, Austria
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen’s University Belfast, 19 Chlorine Gardens, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Qendrim Zebeli
- Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Innovative Gut Health Concepts in Livestock (CDL-LiveGUT), Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Zhou Y, Xu J, MacIsaac HJ, McKay RM, Xu R, Pei Y, Zi Y, Li J, Qian Y, Chang X. Comparative metabolomic analysis of exudates of microcystin-producing and microcystin-free Microcystis aeruginosa strains. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1075621. [PMID: 36741884 PMCID: PMC9894096 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1075621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa threaten the ecological integrity and beneficial uses of lakes globally. In addition to producing hepatotoxic microcystins (MC), M. aeruginosa exudates (MaE) contain various compounds with demonstrated toxicity to aquatic biota. Previously, we found that the ecotoxicity of MaE differed between MC-producing and MC-free strains at exponential (E-phase) and stationary (S-phase) growth phases. However, the components in these exudates and their specific harmful effects were unclear. In this study, we performed untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to reveal the constituents in MaE of a MC-producing and a MC-free strain at both E-phase and S-phase. A total of 409 metabolites were identified and quantified based on their relative abundance. These compounds included lipids, organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acid, benzenoids and organic oxygen compounds. Multivariate analysis revealed that strains and growth phases significantly influenced the metabolite profile. The MC-producing strain had greater total metabolites abundance than the MC-free strain at S-phase, whereas the MC-free strain released higher concentrations of benzenoids, lipids, organic oxygen, organic nitrogen and organoheterocyclic compounds than the MC-producing strain at E-phase. Total metabolites had higher abundance in S-phase than in E- phase in both strains. Analysis of differential metabolites (DMs) and pathways suggest that lipids metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were more tightly coupled to growth phases than to strains. Abundance of some toxic lipids and benzenoids DMs were significantly higher in the MC-free strain than the MC-producing one. This study builds on the understanding of MaE chemicals and their biotoxicity, and adds to evidence that non-MC-producing strains of cyanobacteria may also pose a threat to ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Yunnan Province, Kunming Ecology and Environment Monitoring Station, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hugh J. MacIsaac
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Michael McKay
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Runbing Xu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Pei
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyan Zi
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuexiu Chang
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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43
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Amssayef A, Eddouks M. Alkaloids as Promising Agents for the Management of Insulin Resistance: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3123-3136. [PMID: 38038009 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128270340231121043038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance is one of the main factors that lead to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The effect of alkaloids on insulin resistance has been extensively examined according to multiple scientific researches. OBJECTIVE In this work, we aimed to summarize the interesting results from preclinical and clinical studies that assessed the effects of natural alkaloids (berberine, nigelladine A, piperine, trigonelline, capsaicin, nuciferine, evodiamine, mahanine, and magnoflorine) on impaired insulin sensitivity and worsened insulin resistance, which play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. METHODS In the current review, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Google Scholar databases were used. The inclusion criteria were based on the following keywords and phrases: insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, alkaloids and insulin resistance, alkaloids and type 2 diabetes, mechanisms of action, and alkaloids. RESULTS The outcomes reported in this review demonstrated that the selected alkaloids increased insulin sensitivity and reduced insulin resistance in vitro and in vivo evidence, as well as in clinical trials, through improving insulin-signaling transduction mainly in hepatocytes, myocytes, and adipocytes, both at cellular and molecular levels. Insulin signaling components (InsR, IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, etc.), protein kinases and phosphatases, receptors, ion channels, cytokines, adipokines, and microRNAs, are influenced by alkaloids at transcriptional and translational levels, also in terms of function (activity and/or phosphorylation). Multiple perturbations associated with insulin resistance, such as ectopic lipid accumulation, inflammation, ER stress, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and β-cell failure, are reversed after treatment with alkaloids. Furthermore, various indices and tests are employed to assess insulin resistance, including the Matsuda index, insulin sensitivity index (ISI), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and insulin tolerance test (ITT), which are all enhanced by alkaloids. These improvements extend to fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and HbA1c levels as well. Additionally, the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and the Homeostasis Model Assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) are recognized as robust markers of insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, and it is noteworthy that alkaloids also lead to improvements in these two markers. CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the current review, alkaloids may serve as both preventive and curative agents for metabolic disorders, specifically type 2 diabetes. Nonetheless, there is an urgent need for additional clinical trials to explore the potential benefits of alkaloids in both healthy individuals and those with type 2 diabetes. Additionally, it is crucial to assess any possible side effects and interactions with antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Amssayef
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Eddouks
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 509, Boutalamine, Errachidia, Morocco
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44
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Juza R, Musilek K, Mezeiova E, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Recent advances in dopamine D 2 receptor ligands in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:55-211. [PMID: 36111795 DOI: 10.1002/med.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1-5 Rs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Antagonists and partial agonists of D2 Rs are used to treat schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. The typical pharmacophore with high D2 R affinity comprises four main areas, namely aromatic moiety, cyclic amine, central linker and aromatic/heteroaromatic lipophilic fragment. From the literature reviewed herein, we can conclude that 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl), 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-1-substituted piperazine, and 4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine moieties are critical for high D2 R affinity. Four to six atoms chains are optimal for D2 R affinity with 4-butoxyl as the most pronounced one. The bicyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic systems are most frequently occurring as lipophilic appendages to retain high D2 R affinity. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the therapeutic potential of D2 R modulators in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders. In addition, this review summarizes current knowledge about these diseases, with a focus on the dopaminergic pathway underlying these pathologies. Major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel D2 R ligands, which have been developed in the last decade (2010-2021), and belong to the 1,4-disubstituted aromatic cyclic amine group. Due to the abundance of data, allosteric D2 R ligands and D2 R modulators from patents are not discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Juza
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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45
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Aggarwal S, Mortensen OV. Discovery and Development of Monoamine Transporter Ligands. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 30:101-129. [PMID: 36928847 PMCID: PMC10074400 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21054-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine transporters (MATs) are targets of a wide range of compounds that have been developed as therapeutic treatments for various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression, ADHD, neuropathic pain, anxiety disorders, stimulant use disorders, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. The MAT family is comprised of three main members - the dopamine transporter (DAT), the norepinephrine transporter (NET), and the serotonin transporter (SERT). These transporters are through reuptake responsible for the clearance of their respective monoamine substrates from the extracellular space. The determination of X-ray crystal structures of MATs and their homologues bound with various substrates and ligands has resulted in a surge of structure-function-based studies of MATs to understand the molecular basis of transport function and the mechanism of various ligands that ultimately result in their behavioral effects. This review focusses on recent examples of ligand-based structure-activity relationship studies trying to overcome some of the challenges associated with previously developed MAT inhibitors. These studies have led to the discovery of unique and novel structurally diverse MAT ligands including allosteric modulators. These novel molecular scaffolds serve as leads for designing more effective therapeutic interventions by modulating the activities of MATs and ultimately their associated neurotransmission and behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaili Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ole Valente Mortensen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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46
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Zhang L, Yu H, Chen H, Huang Y, Bakunina I, de Sousa DP, Sun M, Zhang J. Application of molecular imprinting polymers in separation of active compounds from plants. Fitoterapia 2023; 164:105383. [PMID: 36481366 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2022.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imprinting technique is becoming an appealing and prominent strategy to synthesize materials for target recognition and rapid separation. In recent years, it has been applied in separation of active compounds from various plants and has achieved satisfying results. This review aims to make a brief introduction of molecular imprinting polymers and their efficient application in the separation of various active components from plants, including flavonoids, organic acids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, anthraquinones, phenolics, terpenes, steroids, and diketones, which will provide some clues to help stimulating research into this fascinating and useful area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxuan Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Pharmacy 2019, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao
| | - Haifang Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yinghong Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Irina Bakunina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Damião Pergentino de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 58051-970, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | - Mingna Sun
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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Bhat C, Bhat SI, Budanur BM. Hygroline and pseudohygroline: Isolation, biological perspectives and synthesis. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2022.2160647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, Government First Grade College Chamarajanagar (Affiliated to University of Mysore), Chamarajanagar, Karnataka, India
| | - Subrahmanya I. Bhat
- Department of Chemistry, NMAM Institute of Technology (Affiliated to NITTE, deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj M. Budanur
- Department of Chemistry, Government First Grade College Haveri (Affiliated to Karnatak University Dharwad), Haveri, Karnataka, India
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48
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Zayene M, Le Bideau F, Retailleau P, Jannet HB, Alami M, Romdhane A, Messaoudi S. Site-Selective Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Methylene C(sp 3)-H Diarylation of a Tropane Scaffold. J Org Chem 2022; 87:16399-16409. [PMID: 36473230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2,4-di-arylated tropane derivatives was synthesized through a site-selective palladium-catalyzed β-C(sp3)-H di-arylation process. This type of structure has been scarcely reported in literature. They nevertheless represent an interesting class of biologically relevant molecules as illustrated by the observed activity at the micromolecular level of eight derivatives toward human colorectal cancer cell line HCT116.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayssa Zayene
- Université Paris-Saclay, BioCIS, CNRS, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France.,Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Avenue of Environment, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Franck Le Bideau
- Université Paris-Saclay, BioCIS, CNRS, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Pascal Retailleau
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS UPR 2301, Universite Paris-Saclay, avenue de la terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Avenue of Environment, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mouad Alami
- Université Paris-Saclay, BioCIS, CNRS, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
| | - Anis Romdhane
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Avenue of Environment, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Samir Messaoudi
- Université Paris-Saclay, BioCIS, CNRS, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry cedex, France
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Baki E, Scheidhauer K, Schmidt-Graf F. Bilateral mydriasis as first manifestation of Hodgkin's lymphoma: a case report. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:473. [PMID: 36503418 PMCID: PMC9743757 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02941-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilateral mydriasis is usually associated with severe brain stem damage or drug-induced sympathomimetic stimulation. Herein we report it as a unique neurologic complication of Hodgkin's lymphoma. CASE PRESENTATION A 23-year-old woman presented at our emergency department with dilated pupils unresponsive to light stimuli. MRI and CT scans showed bilaterally enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum and supraclavicular compressing the carotid artery on both sides. The histologic examination of lymph node biopsy specimens confirmed the diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma. CONCLUSION Pathologies around the carotid artery causing oculosympathetic spasm should be considered among the possible causes of a mydriasis, especially when other common causes like brain stem impairment are excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enayatullah Baki
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Klemens Scheidhauer
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Friederike Schmidt-Graf
- grid.6936.a0000000123222966Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
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50
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Wang YJ, Huang JP, Tian T, Yan Y, Chen Y, Yang J, Chen J, Gu YC, Huang SX. Discovery and Engineering of the Cocaine Biosynthetic Pathway. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22000-22007. [PMID: 36376019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cocaine, the archetypal tropane alkaloid from the plant genus Erythroxylum, has recently been used clinically as a topical anesthesia of the mucous membranes. Despite this, the key biosynthetic step of the requisite tropane skeleton (methylecgonone) from the identified intermediate 4-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)-3-oxobutanoic acid (MPOA) has remained, until this point, unknown. Herein, we identify two missing enzymes (EnCYP81AN15 and EnMT4) necessary for the biosynthesis of the tropane skeleton in cocaine by transient expression of the candidate genes in Nicotiana benthamiana. Cytochrome P450 EnCYP81AN15 was observed to selectively mediate the oxidative cyclization of S-MPOA to yield the unstable intermediate ecgonone, which was then methylated to form optically active methylecgonone by methyltransferase EnMT4 in Erythroxylum novogranatense. The establishment of this pathway corrects the long-standing (but incorrect) biosynthetic hypothesis of MPOA methylation first and oxidative cyclization second. Notably, the de novo reconstruction of cocaine was realized in N. benthamiana with the two newly identified genes, as well as four already known ones. This study not only reports a near-complete biosynthetic pathway of cocaine and provides new insights into the metabolic networks of tropane alkaloids (cocaine and hyoscyamine) in plants but also enables the heterologous synthesis of tropane alkaloids in other (micro)organisms, entailing significant implications for pharmaceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tian Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yijun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, U.K
| | - Sheng-Xiong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
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