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Rojas R, Griñán-Ferré C, Castellanos A, Griego E, Martínez M, Navarro-López JDD, Jiménez-Díaz L, Rodríguez-Álvarez J, Del Cerro DS, Castillo PE, Pallàs M, Fadó R, Casals N. BETA-HYDROXYBUTYRATE COUNTERACTS THE DELETERIOUS EFFECTS OF A SATURATED HIGH-FAT DIET ON SYNAPTIC AMPA RECEPTORS AND COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.23.576931. [PMID: 39091837 PMCID: PMC11291009 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.23.576931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet, characterized by high fat and low carbohydrates, has gained popularity not only as a strategy for managing body weight but also for its efficacy in delaying cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases and the aging process. Since this dietary approach stimulates the liver's production of ketone bodies, primarily β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which serves as an alternative energy source for neurons, we investigated whether BHB could mitigate impaired AMPA receptor trafficking, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive decline induced by metabolic challenges such as saturated fatty acids. Here, we observe that, in cultured primary cortical neurons, exposure to palmitic acid (200μM) decreased surface levels of glutamate GluA1-containing AMPA receptors, whereas unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid and ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (200μM), and BHB (5mM) increased them. Furthermore, BHB countered the adverse effects of palmitic acid on synaptic GluA1 levels in hippocampal neurons, as well as excitability and plasticity in hippocampal slices. Additionally, daily intragastric administration of BHB (100 mg/kg/day) for two months reversed cognitive impairment induced by a saturated high-fat diet (49% of calories from fat) in a mouse experimental model of obesity. In summary, our findings underscore the significant impact of fatty acids and ketone bodies on AMPA receptors abundance, synaptic function and neuroplasticity, shedding light on the potential use of BHB to delay cognitive impairments associated with metabolic diseases.
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Abdelrahim RA, Mekala SRR, Polepalli KV, Priyatha V, Ezeano C, AlEdani EM, Nassar ST. Nutritional Ketosis as a Therapeutic Approach in Critical Illness: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e65455. [PMID: 39071067 PMCID: PMC11281694 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Critical illness encompasses the dysfunction of vital organs, the risk of death, and potential reversibility; it is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The pathophysiology underlying many critical illnesses includes bioenergetic failure, inflammation, and oxidative stress. This systematic review aims to explore the use of nutritional ketosis (ketogenic feeds and exogenous ketone body administration) as a potential therapy, affecting the aforementioned pathways in patients with critical illnesses. This study was conducted, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. The search was conducted, systematically using PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Google Scholar, and the ScienceDirect databases in February 2024. The inclusion criteria were set to free full-text articles published within the past five years: human and animal studies, literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, observational studies, randomized controlled trials, case reports, book chapters, gray literature, studies investigating adult samples, and articles in the English language. Exclusion criteria included pediatric studies as the topic has been studied more extensively in children, and this review aims to explore potential benefits in adult patients. The search was conducted through four databases; after the screening process, the remaining studies were assessed through quality appraisal tools appropriate to each study type. In the end, 11 studies were selected, including eight narrative reviews, one cohort study, one animal study, and one randomized controlled trial. The results of this review demonstrated that nutritional ketosis has potential safe and effective benefits for humans and animals. Nutritional ketosis shows therapeutic benefits for a vast variety of complications commonly associated with critical illness, status epilepticus, sepsis, viral infections, and glycemic control. In the end, both randomized and nonrandomized clinical trials are necessary for more conclusive findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Abdelrahim
- Medicine, The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland-Bahrain, Busaiteen, BHR
| | - Sai Rohit R Mekala
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
- School of Medicine, Armed forces Medical College, Pune, IND
| | - Krishna V Polepalli
- Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Vemparala Priyatha
- Internal Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, IND
| | - Chimezirim Ezeano
- Department of Pediatrics and Women's Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, USA
| | - Esraa M AlEdani
- Dermatology, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sondos T Nassar
- Medicine and Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Amman, JOR
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Rong L, Peng Y, Shen Q, Chen K, Fang B, Li W. Effects of ketogenic diet on cognitive function of patients with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100306. [PMID: 38943982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketogenic diets (KD) have shown remarkable effects in many disease areas. It has been demonstrated in numerous animal experiments that KD is effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). But the clinical effect of treating AD is uncertain. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the impact of KD on cognitive function in AD. METHODS We conducted a search of three international databases-PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase-to retrieve RCTs on the KD intervention for AD from the inception of the databases through October 2023. Two reviewers searched and screened the literature, extracted and checked relevant data independently, and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. The meta-analysis was carried out utilizing RevMan 5.3 software. RESULTS A total of 10 RCTS involving 691 patients with AD were included. There were 357 participants in the intervention group and 334 participants in the control group. The duration of the KD intervention ranged from a minimum of 3 months to a maximum of 15 months. Meta-analysis results showed that KD could effectively improve the mental state of the elderly (NM scale) [MD = 7.56, 95%CI (3.02, 12.10), P = 0.001], MMSE [MD = 1.25, 95%CI (0.46, 2.04), P = 0.002], and ADAS-Cog [MD = -3.43, 95%CI (-5.98, -0.88), P = 0.008]. The elevation of ketone body (β-hydroxybutyric) [MD = 118.84, 95%CI (15.20, 222.48), P = 0.02] may also lead to the elevation of triglyceride [MD = 0.19, 95%CI (0.03, 0.35), P = 0.02] and low density lipoprotein [MD = 0.31, 95%CI (0.04, 0.58), P = 0.02]. CONCLUSION Research conducted has indicated that the KD can enhance the mental state and cognitive function of those with AD, albeit potentially leading to an elevation in blood lipid levels. In summary, the good intervention effect and safety of KD are worthy of promotion and application in clinical treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyang Rong
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; Sanya Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sanya, China
| | - Yating Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Shen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keying Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bangjiang Fang
- Department of Emergency, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Salido-Bueno B, Gil-Hernandez E, Rueda-Ruzafa L, Gomez-Chica P, Roman P, Cardona D. Effects of ketogenic diets on cancer-related variables: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. NUTR BULL 2024. [PMID: 38923748 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a global health concern influenced by genetics, environment and lifestyle choices. Recent research shows that a ketogenic diet (KD) might ease cancer symptoms and reduce tumour size. We hypothesised that the KD could result in improvements in cancer-related variables. Therefore, this study aims to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the KD's efficacy for patients with cancer. The databases PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, CINAHL and Open Grey were utilised for conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. The analysis was limited to randomised controlled trials with adult participants aged 18 years and above. Levels of glucose, cholesterol, insulin-like growth factor 1, weight and quality of life were evaluated following the KD. After identifying 596 articles in the initial search, eight studies, lasting between 4 and 16 weeks, were included in the systematic review and seven in the meta-analysis. The KD led to decreased glucose levels in patients with cancer but did not show significant improvements in cholesterol, insulin-like growth factor 1, weight or quality of life. Based on the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis, there is insufficient evidence to establish a definitive link between the KD and cancer-related parameters. While some studies suggest potential benefits in terms of some outcomes and tumour size reduction, further research is required to fully comprehend the effects of this diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Salido-Bueno
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | | | - Lola Rueda-Ruzafa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
- Research Group CTS-1114 Advances and Innovation in Health, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
- Health Research Center CEINSA, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | | | - Pablo Roman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
- Research Group CTS-1114 Advances and Innovation in Health, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
- Health Research Center CEINSA, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Diana Cardona
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Science, Physiotherapy and Medicine, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
- Health Research Center CEINSA, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
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Tidman MM, White DR, White TA. Impact of a keto diet on symptoms of Parkinson's disease, biomarkers, depression, anxiety and quality of life: a longitudinal study. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38869924 DOI: 10.1080/17582024.2024.2352394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Evidence suggests low-carbohydrate diets (LCHF) may assist in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD); however, gaps exist in the literature. Patients & methods: We conducted a small 24-week pilot study to investigate the effects of an LCHF diet on motor and nonmotor symptoms, health biomarkers, anxiety, and depression in seven people with PD. We also captured patient experiences during the process (quality of life [QoL]). Results: Participants reported improved biomarkers, enhanced cognition, mood, motor and nonmotor symptoms, and reduced pain and anxiety. Participants felt improvements enhanced their QoL. Conclusion: We conclude that an LCHF intervention is safe, feasible, and potentially effective in mitigating the symptoms of this disorder. However, more extensive randomized controlled studies are needed to create generalizable recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie M Tidman
- College of Graduate Health Studies, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson Street, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
- Doctor of Health Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd Lynchburg, VA 24515, USA
- PhD in Occupational Therapy Program, Dr. Pallavi Patel College of Health Care Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328-2004, USA
| | - Dawn Reid White
- College of Graduate Health Studies, A.T. Still University, 800 W. Jefferson Street, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
- Benard College, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
- Research Fellow, Evidence Synthesis Group, EBHC South America: A JBI Affiliated Group, Calle Cartavio 406 Lima, Lima, 15023, Peru
| | - Tim A White
- Benard College, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave, Stockton, CA 95211, USA
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Healthcare Administration, American Public University Systems, Full-time faculty, 111 West Congress Street, Charles Town, WV 25414, USA
- Department of Global Health Services & Administration, School of Business, University of Maryland Global Campus, 3501 University Blvd E, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
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Wang Q, Liu Q, Zhong G, Xu T, Zhang X. Wearable Vertical Graphene-Based Microneedle Biosensor for Real-Time Ketogenic Diet Management. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8713-8720. [PMID: 38745346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Ketogenic diets have attracted substantial interest in the treatment of chronic diseases, but there are health risks with long-term regimes. Despite the advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic methods in modern medicine, there is a huge gap in personalized health management of this dietary strategy. Hence, we present a wearable microneedle biosensor for real-time ketone and glucose monitoring. The microneedle array possesses excellent mechanical properties, allowing for consistent sampling of interstitial biomarkers while reducing the pain associated with skin puncture. Vertical graphene with outstanding electrical conductivity provides the resulting sensor with a high sensitivity of 234.18 μA mM-1 cm-2 and a low limit detection of 1.21 μM. When this fully integrated biosensor was used in human volunteers, it displayed an attractive analytical capability for tracking the dynamic metabolite levels. Moreover, the results of the on-body evaluation established a significant correlation with commercial blood measurements. Overall, this cost-effective and efficient sensing platform can accelerate the application of a ketogenic diet in personal nutrition and wellness management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhou Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Geng Zhong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Tailin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
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Knecht KT, Chiriac G, Guan HD. The potential impact of a vegetarian diet on glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2024:S0039-6257(24)00048-1. [PMID: 38768761 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma has centered on the lowering of intraocular pressure that damages the optic nerve; however, this strategy is not uniformly successful, especially in normal tension glaucoma, and there is interest in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other neuroprotective strategies. Vegetarian diets are known to be rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory components and have a number of established health benefits. Thus, it would be reasonable to assume that vegetarian diets would be beneficial in glaucoma, but this approach has not been well studied. We examine the possible role of vegetarian diets and their components in the incidence and progression of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn T Knecht
- Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Gabriela Chiriac
- Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Howard D Guan
- Loma Linda University Eye Institute, Loma Linda, California, USA.
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8
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Rog J, Wingralek Z, Nowak K, Grudzień M, Grunwald A, Banaszek A, Karakula-Juchnowicz H. The Potential Role of the Ketogenic Diet in Serious Mental Illness: Current Evidence, Safety, and Practical Advice. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2819. [PMID: 38792361 PMCID: PMC11122005 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that mimics the physiological state of fasting. The potential therapeutic effects in many chronic conditions have led to the gaining popularity of the KD. The KD has been demonstrated to alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress, modulate the gut microbiota community, and improve metabolic health markers. The modification of these factors has been a potential therapeutic target in serious mental illness (SMI): bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia. The number of clinical trials assessing the effect of the KD on SMI is still limited. Preliminary research, predominantly case studies, suggests potential therapeutic effects, including weight gain reduction, improved carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, decrease in disease-related symptoms, increased energy and quality of life, and, in some cases, changes in pharmacotherapy (reduction in number or dosage of medication). However, these findings necessitate further investigation through larger-scale clinical trials. Initiation of the KD should occur in a hospital setting and with strict care of a physician and dietitian due to potential side effects of the diet and the possibility of exacerbating adverse effects of pharmacotherapy. An increasing number of ongoing studies examining the KD's effect on mental disorders highlights its potential role in the adjunctive treatment of SMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rog
- Laboratory of Human Metabolism Research, Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 66 Str., 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Wingralek
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1 Str., 20-469 Lublin, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.N.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Katarzyna Nowak
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1 Str., 20-469 Lublin, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.N.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Monika Grudzień
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1 Str., 20-469 Lublin, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.N.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Arkadiusz Grunwald
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1 Str., 20-469 Lublin, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.N.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Agnieszka Banaszek
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1 Str., 20-469 Lublin, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.N.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
| | - Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, Głuska 1 Str., 20-469 Lublin, Poland; (Z.W.); (K.N.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (H.K.-J.)
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Meng Y, Sun J, Zhang G. Take the bull by the horns and tackle the potential downsides of the ketogenic diet. Nutrition 2024; 125:112480. [PMID: 38788511 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a distinctive dietary regimen known for its low-carbohydrate and high-fat composition. Recently, it has garnered considerable interest from the scientific community and the general population because of its claimed efficacy in facilitating weight reduction, improving the management of glucose levels, and raising overall energy levels. The core principle of the KD is the substantial decrease in carbohydrate consumption, which is subsequently substituted by ingesting nourishing fats. While the KD has promising advantages and is gaining popularity, it must be acknowledged that this dietary method may not be appropriate for all individuals. The dietary regimen may give rise to adverse effects, including constipation, halitosis, and imbalances in electrolyte levels, which may pose a potential risk if not adequately supervised. Hence, thorough and meticulous inquiry is needed to better comprehend the possible hazards and advantages linked to the KD over prolonged durations. By obtaining a more comprehensive perspective, we can enhance our ability to make well-informed judgments and suggestions as to implementation of this specific dietary regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biobank, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China
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Alagiakrishnan K, Morgadinho J, Halverson T. Approach to the diagnosis and management of dysbiosis. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1330903. [PMID: 38706561 PMCID: PMC11069313 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1330903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
All microorganisms like bacteria, viruses and fungi that reside within a host environment are considered a microbiome. The number of bacteria almost equal that of human cells, however, the genome of these bacteria may be almost 100 times larger than the human genome. Every aspect of the physiology and health can be influenced by the microbiome living in various parts of our body. Any imbalance in the microbiome composition or function is seen as dysbiosis. Different types of dysbiosis are seen and the corresponding symptoms depend on the site of microbial imbalance. The contribution of the intestinal and extra-intestinal microbiota to influence systemic activities is through interplay between different axes. Whole body dysbiosis is a complex process involving gut microbiome and non-gut related microbiome. It is still at the stage of infancy and has not yet been fully understood. Dysbiosis can be influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle habits, diet including ultra-processed foods and food additives, as well as medications. Dysbiosis has been associated with many systemic diseases and cannot be diagnosed through standard blood tests or investigations. Microbiota derived metabolites can be analyzed and can be useful in the management of dysbiosis. Whole body dysbiosis can be addressed by altering lifestyle factors, proper diet and microbial modulation. The effect of these interventions in humans depends on the beneficial microbiome alteration mostly based on animal studies with evolving evidence from human studies. There is tremendous potential for the human microbiome in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of diseases, as well as, for the monitoring of health and disease in humans. Whole body system-based approach to the diagnosis of dysbiosis is better than a pure taxonomic approach. Whole body dysbiosis could be a new therapeutic target in the management of various health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joao Morgadinho
- Kaye Edmonton Clinic, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tyler Halverson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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11
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Ansari U, Nadora D, Alam M, Wen J, Asad S, Lui F. Influence of dietary patterns in the pathophysiology of Huntington's Disease: A literature review. AIMS Neurosci 2024; 11:63-75. [PMID: 38988882 PMCID: PMC11230857 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2024005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD), a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease, causes the gradual deterioration of neurons in the basal ganglia, specifically in the striatum. HD displays a wide range of symptoms, from motor disturbances such as chorea, dystonia, and bradykinesia to more debilitating symptoms such as cognitive decline, behavioral abnormalities, and psychiatric disturbances. Current research suggests the potential use of dietary interventions as viable strategies for slowing the progression of HD. Most notably, the Mediterranean, vegan, carnivore, paleo, and ketogenic diets have gained attention due to their hypothesized impact on neuroprotection and symptomatic modulation in various neurodegenerative disorders. Despite substantial nutritional differences among these diets, they share a fundamental premise-that dietary factors have an influential impact in modifying pertinent biological pathways linked to neurodegeneration. Understanding the intricate interactions between these dietary regimens and HD pathogenesis could open avenues for personalized interventions tailored to the individual's specific needs and genetic background. Ultimately, elucidating the multifaceted effects of these diets on HD offers a promising framework for developing comprehensive therapeutic approaches that integrate dietary strategies with conventional treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ubaid Ansari
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Dawnica Nadora
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Meraj Alam
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Jimmy Wen
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Shaheryar Asad
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Forshing Lui
- California Northstate University College of Medicine, USA
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12
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Chistyakov DV, Azbukina NV, Lopachev AV, Goriainov SV, Astakhova AA, Ptitsyna EV, Klimenko AS, Poleshuk VV, Kazanskaya RB, Fedorova TN, Sergeeva MG. Plasma oxylipin profiles reflect Parkinson's disease stage. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2024; 171:106788. [PMID: 37866654 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Derivatives of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), also known as oxylipins, are key participants in regulating inflammation. Neuroinflammation is involved in many neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. The development of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) facilitated the study of oxylipins on a system level, i.e., the analysis of oxylipin profiles. We analyzed oxylipin profiles in the blood plasma of 36 healthy volunteers (HC) and 73 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), divided into early (L\M, 29 patients) or advanced (H, 44 patients) stages based on the Hoehn and Yahr scale. Among the 40 oxylipins detected, we observed a decrease in the concentration of arachidonic acid (AA) and AA derivatives, including anandamide (AEA) and Leukotriene E4 (LTE4), and an increase in the concentration of hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids 19-HETE and 12-HETE (PD vs HC). Correlation analysis of gender, age of PD onset, and disease stages revealed 20 compounds the concentration of which changed depending on disease stage. Comparison of the acquired oxylipin profiles to openly available PD patient brain transcriptome datasets showed that plasma oxylipins do not appear to directly reflect changes in brain metabolism at different disease stages. However, both the L\M and H stages are characterized by their own oxylipin profiles - in patients with the H stage oxylipin synthesis is increased, while in patients with L\M stages oxylipin synthesis decreases compared to HC. This suggests that different therapeutic approaches may be more effective for patients at early versus late stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Chistyakov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia.
| | - Nadezhda V Azbukina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Moscow Lomonosov State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Lopachev
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Peters-burg 199034, Russia
| | | | - Alina A Astakhova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Elena V Ptitsyna
- Biological Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna S Klimenko
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198 Russia
| | - Vsevolod V Poleshuk
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rogneda B Kazanskaya
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia; Biological Department, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7/9, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Fedorova
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental neurochemistry, Research Center of Neurology, 125367 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina G Sergeeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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13
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Hansen B, Roomp K, Ebid H, Schneider JG. Perspective: The Impact of Fasting and Caloric Restriction on Neurodegenerative Diseases in Humans. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100197. [PMID: 38432589 PMCID: PMC10997874 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by the progressive functional and structural denaturation of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Despite the wide range of genetic predispositions, the increased emergence of these disorders has been associated with a variety of modifiable risk factors, including lifestyle factors. Diet has been shown to influence cognitive alterations in the elderly population with age-related brain pathologies, and specific dietary interventions might, therefore, confer preservatory protection to neural structures. Although Mediterranean and ketogenic diets have been studied, no clear guidelines have been implemented for the prevention or treatment of ND in clinical practice. Murine models have shown that intermittent fasting and caloric restriction (CR) can counteract disease processes in various age-related disorders, including NDs. The objective of this perspective is to provide a comprehensive, comparative overview of the available primary intervention studies on fasting and CR in humans with ND and to elucidate possible links between the mechanisms underlying the effects of fasting, CR, and the neuropathology of ND. We also included all currently available studies in older adults (with and without mild cognitive impairment) in which the primary endpoint was cognitive function to provide further insights into the feasibility and outcomes of such interventions. Overall, we conclude that nutritional intervention trials focusing on fasting and CR in humans with ND have been neglected, and more high-quality studies, including longitudinal clinical intervention trials, are urgently needed to elucidate the underlying immune-metabolic mechanisms in diet and ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bérénice Hansen
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kirsten Roomp
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Hebah Ebid
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jochen G Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Departments of Internal Medicine II and Psychiatry, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
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14
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Liu X, Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang H, Shan C, Guo Y, Gong X, Cui M, Li X, Tang M. Correlation between the gut microbiome and neurodegenerative diseases: a review of metagenomics evidence. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:833-845. [PMID: 37843219 PMCID: PMC10664138 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the gut microbiota contributes to the development of neurodegenerative diseases via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. As a contributing factor, microbiota dysbiosis always occurs in pathological changes of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. High-throughput sequencing technology has helped to reveal that the bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the enteric nervous system is facilitated by the microbiota's diverse microorganisms, and for both neuroimmune and neuroendocrine systems. Here, we summarize the bioinformatics analysis and wet-biology validation for the gut metagenomics in neurodegenerative diseases, with an emphasis on multi-omics studies and the gut virome. The pathogen-associated signaling biomarkers for identifying brain disorders and potential therapeutic targets are also elucidated. Finally, we discuss the role of diet, prebiotics, probiotics, postbiotics and exercise interventions in remodeling the microbiome and reducing the symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Junlin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hantao Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chaofan Shan
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yinglu Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Min Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
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15
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Apalowo OE, Adegoye GA, Mbogori T, Kandiah J, Obuotor TM. Nutritional Characteristics, Health Impact, and Applications of Kefir. Foods 2024; 13:1026. [PMID: 38611332 PMCID: PMC11011999 DOI: 10.3390/foods13071026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
A global epidemiological shift has been observed in recent decades, characterized by an increase in age-related disorders, notably non-communicable chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. An appreciable causal link between changes in the gut microbiota and the onset of these maladies has been recognized, offering an avenue for effective management. Kefir, a probiotic-enriched fermented food, has gained significance in this setting due to its promising resource for the development of functional or value-added food formulations and its ability to reshape gut microbial composition. This has led to increasing commercial interest worldwide as it presents a natural beverage replete with health-promoting microbes and several bioactive compounds. Given the substantial role of the gut microbiota in human health and the etiology of several diseases, we conducted a comprehensive synthesis covering a total of 33 investigations involving experimental animal models, aimed to elucidate the regulatory influence of bioactive compounds present in kefir on gut microbiota and their potential in promoting optimal health. This review underscores the outstanding nutritional properties of kefir as a central repository of bioactive compounds encompassing micronutrients and amino acids and delineates their regulatory effects at deficient, adequate, and supra-nutritional intakes on the gut microbiota and their broader physiological consequences. Furthermore, an investigation of putative mechanisms that govern the regulatory effects of kefir on the gut microbiota and its connections with various human diseases was discussed, along with potential applications in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladayo Emmanuel Apalowo
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (O.E.A.); (G.A.A.)
| | - Grace Adeola Adegoye
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA; (O.E.A.); (G.A.A.)
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA;
| | - Teresia Mbogori
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA;
| | - Jayanthi Kandiah
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, USA;
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16
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Iyer SH, Yeh MY, Netzel L, Lindsey MG, Wallace M, Simeone KA, Simeone TA. Dietary and Metabolic Approaches for Treating Autism Spectrum Disorders, Affective Disorders and Cognitive Impairment Comorbid with Epilepsy: A Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence. Nutrients 2024; 16:553. [PMID: 38398876 PMCID: PMC10893388 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy often occurs with other neurological disorders, such as autism, affective disorders, and cognitive impairment. Research indicates that many neurological disorders share a common pathophysiology of dysfunctional energy metabolism, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and gut dysbiosis. The past decade has witnessed a growing interest in the use of metabolic therapies for these disorders with or without the context of epilepsy. Over one hundred years ago, the high-fat, low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (KD) was formulated as a treatment for epilepsy. For those who cannot tolerate the KD, other diets have been developed to provide similar seizure control, presumably through similar mechanisms. These include, but are not limited to, the medium-chain triglyceride diet, low glycemic index diet, and calorie restriction. In addition, dietary supplementation with ketone bodies, polyunsaturated fatty acids, or triheptanoin may also be beneficial. The proposed mechanisms through which these diets and supplements work to reduce neuronal hyperexcitability involve normalization of aberrant energy metabolism, dampening of inflammation, promotion of endogenous antioxidants, and reduction of gut dysbiosis. This raises the possibility that these dietary and metabolic therapies may not only exert anti-seizure effects, but also reduce comorbid disorders in people with epilepsy. Here, we explore this possibility and review the clinical and preclinical evidence where available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Timothy A. Simeone
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE 68178, USA; (S.H.I.); (K.A.S.)
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17
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Polis B, Samson AO. Enhancing cognitive function in older adults: dietary approaches and implications. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1286725. [PMID: 38356861 PMCID: PMC10864441 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1286725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural aging encompasses physiological and psychological changes that impact overall health and quality of life. Mitigating these effects requires physical and mental exercise, coupled with proper nutrition. Notably, protein malnutrition emerges as a potential risk factor for senile dementia, with insufficient intake correlating with premature cognitive decline. Adequate protein intake in the elderly positively associates with memory function and lowers cognitive impairment risk. Considering diet as a modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, extensive research has explored diverse dietary strategies to prevent dementia onset in older adults. However, conclusive results remain limited. This review aims to synthesize recent evidence on effective dietary approaches to enhance cognitive function and prognosis in older individuals. Specifically, the study evaluates complex multicomponent programs, protein-rich diets, and branched-chain amino acid supplementation. By addressing the nexus of nutrition and cognitive health, this review contributes to understanding viable interventions for promoting cognitive well-being in aging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruh Polis
- Laboratory of Computational Biology and Drug Discovery, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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18
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Eto K, Ogata M, Toyooka Y, Hayashi T, Ishibashi H. Ketogenic Diet Alleviates Mechanical Allodynia in the Models of Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain in Male Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:629-634. [PMID: 38494735 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in the induction of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Moreover, the ketogenic diet, a high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and adequate protein diet, has an anti-inflammatory effect. Thus, we hypothesized that a ketogenic diet has a therapeutic effect on both types of chronic pain. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a ketogenic diet on mechanical allodynia, a chronic pain symptom, in formalin-induced chronic inflammatory pain and nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain models using adult male mice. Formalin injection into the hind paw induced mechanical allodynia in both the injected and intact hind paws, and the ketogenic diet alleviated mechanical allodynia in both hind paws. In addition, the ketogenic diet prevented formalin-induced edema. Furthermore, the diet alleviated mechanical allodynia induced by peripheral nerve injury. Thus, these findings indicate that a ketogenic diet has a therapeutic effect on chronic pain induced by inflammation and nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Eto
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
- Department of Brain Science, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Design Research Facility, Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences
| | - Masanori Ogata
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
- Department of Brain Science, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Yoshitaka Toyooka
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
- Department of Brain Science, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Toru Hayashi
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
| | - Hitoshi Ishibashi
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University
- Department of Brain Science, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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19
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Barbero Mazzucca C, Cappellano G, Chiocchetti A. Nutrition, Immunity and Aging: Current Scenario and Future Perspectives in Neurodegenerative Diseases. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2024; 23:573-587. [PMID: 37138438 DOI: 10.2174/1871527322666230502123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a gradual decline of physiological function and tissue homeostasis and, in many instances, is related to increased (neuro)-degeneration, together with inflammation, becoming one of the most important risks for developing neurodegenerative diseases. Certain individual nutrients or foods in combination may counteract aging and associated neurodegenerative diseases by promoting a balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. Thus, nutrition could represent a powerful modulator of this fine balance, other than a modifiable risk factor to contrast inflammaging. This narrative review explores from a broad perspective the impact of nutrition on the hallmarks of aging and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Syndrome (ALS), starting from nutrients up to single foods and complex dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Barbero Mazzucca
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cappellano
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiocchetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases-IRCAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune and Allergic Disease-CAAD, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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20
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Park G, Kadyan S, Hochuli N, Pollak J, Wang B, Salazar G, Chakrabarty P, Efron P, Sheffler J, Nagpal R. A modified Mediterranean-style diet enhances brain function via specific gut-microbiome-brain mechanisms. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2323752. [PMID: 38444392 PMCID: PMC10936641 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2323752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating brain disorder with rapidly mounting prevalence worldwide, yet no proven AD cure has been discovered. Using a multi-omics approach in a transgenic AD mouse model, the current study demonstrated the efficacy of a modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diet (MkD) on AD-related neurocognitive pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms related to the gut-microbiome-brain axis. The findings revealed that MkD induces profound shifts in the gut microbiome community and microbial metabolites. Most notably, MkD promoted growth of the Lactobacillus population, resulting in increased bacteria-derived lactate production. We discovered elevated levels of microbiome- and diet-derived metabolites in the serum as well, signaling their influence on the brain. Importantly, these changes in serum metabolites upregulated specific receptors that have neuroprotective effects and induced alternations in neuroinflammatory-associated pathway profiles in hippocampus. Additionally, these metabolites displayed strong favorable co-regulation relationship with gut-brain integrity and inflammatory markers, as well as neurobehavioral outcomes. The findings underscore the ameliorative effects of MkD on AD-related neurological function and the underlying gut-brain communication via modulation of the gut microbiome-metabolome arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwoncheol Park
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Saurabh Kadyan
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hochuli
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Julie Pollak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Philip Efron
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julia Sheffler
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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21
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Ye YC, Chai SF, Li XR, Wu MN, Cai HY, Wang ZJ. Intermittent fasting and Alzheimer's disease-Targeting ketone bodies as a potential strategy for brain energy rescue. Metab Brain Dis 2024; 39:129-146. [PMID: 37823968 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) lacks effective clinical treatments. As the disease progresses, the cerebral glucose hypometabolism that appears in the preclinical phase of AD gradually worsens, leading to increasingly severe brain energy disorders. This review analyzes the brain energy deficit in AD and its etiology, brain energy rescue strategies based on ketone intervention, the effects and mechanisms of IF, the differences in efficacy between IF and ketogenic diet and the duality of IF. The evidence suggests that brain energy deficits lead to the development and progression of AD pathology. IF, which improves brain energy impairments by promoting ketone metabolism, thus has good therapeutic potential for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu- Cai Ye
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Fan Chai
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ru Li
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Na Wu
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Oliveira TPD, Morais ALB, dos Reis PLB, Palotás A, Vieira LB. A Potential Role for the Ketogenic Diet in Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: Exploring Pre-Clinical and Clinical Evidence. Metabolites 2023; 14:25. [PMID: 38248828 PMCID: PMC10818526 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Given the remarkable progress in global health and overall quality of life, the significant rise in life expectancy has become intertwined with the surging occurrence of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). This emerging trend is poised to pose a substantial challenge to the fields of medicine and public health in the years ahead. In this context, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is regarded as an ND that causes recent memory loss, motor impairment and cognitive deficits. AD is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and its development is linked to multifactorial interactions between the environment, genetics, aging and lifestyle. The pathological hallmarks in AD are the accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ), the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, neurotoxic events and impaired glucose metabolism. Due to pharmacological limitations and in view of the prevailing glycemic hypometabolism, the ketogenic diet (KD) emerges as a promising non-pharmacological possibility for managing AD, an approach that has already demonstrated efficacy in addressing other disorders, notably epilepsy. The KD consists of a food regimen in which carbohydrate intake is discouraged at the expense of increased lipid consumption, inducing metabolic ketosis whereby the main source of energy becomes ketone bodies instead of glucose. Thus, under these dietary conditions, neuronal death via lack of energy would be decreased, inasmuch as the metabolism of lipids is not impaired in AD. In this way, the clinical picture of patients with AD would potentially improve via the slowing down of symptoms and delaying of the progression of the disease. Hence, this review aims to explore the rationale behind utilizing the KD in AD treatment while emphasizing the metabolic interplay between the KD and the improvement of AD indicators, drawing insights from both preclinical and clinical investigations. Via a comprehensive examination of the studies detailed in this review, it is evident that the KD emerges as a promising alternative for managing AD. Moreover, its efficacy is notably enhanced when dietary composition is modified, thereby opening up innovative avenues for decreasing the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadeu P. D. Oliveira
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Centro de Investigação em Medicina Molecular (CIMUS), Universidad De Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Ana L. B. Morais
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (A.L.B.M.); (P.L.B.d.R.)
| | - Pedro L. B. dos Reis
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (A.L.B.M.); (P.L.B.d.R.)
| | - András Palotás
- Asklepios-Med (Private Medical Practice and Research Center), H-6722 Szeged, Hungary;
- Kazan Federal University, Kazan R-420012, Russia
- Tokaj-Hegyalja University, H-3910 Tokaj, Hungary
| | - Luciene B. Vieira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil; (A.L.B.M.); (P.L.B.d.R.)
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23
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Talebi S, Khodagholi F, Bahaeddin Z, Ansari Dezfouli M, Zeinaddini-Meymand A, Berchi Kankam S, Foolad F, Alijaniha F, Fayazi Piranghar F. Does hazelnut consumption affect brain health and function against neurodegenerative diseases? Nutr Neurosci 2023:1-17. [PMID: 38151890 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2296164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A healthy daily diet and consuming certain nutrients, such as polyphenols, vitamins, and unsaturated fatty acids, may help neuronal health maintenance. Polyphenolic chemicals, which have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, are involved in the neuroprotective pathway. Because of their nutritional value, nuts have been shown in recent research to be helpful in neuroprotection. OBJECTIVE Hazelnut is often consumed worldwide in various items, including processed foods, particularly in bakery, chocolate, and confectionery products. This nut is an excellent source of vitamins, amino acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, polyphenols, minerals, and unsaturated fatty acids. Consuming hazelnut may attenuate the risk of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant qualities. RESULTS Many documents introduce hazelnut as an excellent choice to provide neuroprotection against neurodegenerative disorders and there is some direct proof of its neuroprotective effects. DISCUSSION So hazelnut consumption in daily diet may reduce neurodegenerative disease risk and be advantageous in reducing the imposed costs of dealing with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Talebi
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Bahaeddin
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Ansari Dezfouli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | - Forough Foolad
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Physiology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Alijaniha
- Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
- School of Persian Medicine, Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Jang J, Kim SR, Lee JE, Lee S, Son HJ, Choe W, Yoon KS, Kim SS, Yeo EJ, Kang I. Molecular Mechanisms of Neuroprotection by Ketone Bodies and Ketogenic Diet in Cerebral Ischemia and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:124. [PMID: 38203294 PMCID: PMC10779133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketone bodies (KBs), such as acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, serve as crucial alternative energy sources during glucose deficiency. KBs, generated through ketogenesis in the liver, are metabolized into acetyl-CoA in extrahepatic tissues, entering the tricarboxylic acid cycle and electron transport chain for ATP production. Reduced glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction correlate with increased neuronal death and brain damage during cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration. Both KBs and the ketogenic diet (KD) demonstrate neuroprotective effects by orchestrating various cellular processes through metabolic and signaling functions. They enhance mitochondrial function, mitigate oxidative stress and apoptosis, and regulate epigenetic and post-translational modifications of histones and non-histone proteins. Additionally, KBs and KD contribute to reducing neuroinflammation and modulating autophagy, neurotransmission systems, and gut microbiome. This review aims to explore the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning the neuroprotective effects of KBs and KD against brain damage in cerebral ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwon Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Rim Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jo Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Jig Son
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Ju Yeo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; (J.J.); (S.R.K.); (J.E.L.); (S.L.); (H.J.S.); (W.C.); (K.-S.Y.); (S.S.K.)
- Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Yin J, Cheng L, Hong Y, Li Z, Li C, Ban X, Zhu L, Gu Z. A Comprehensive Review of the Effects of Glycemic Carbohydrates on the Neurocognitive Functions Based on Gut Microenvironment Regulation and Glycemic Fluctuation Control. Nutrients 2023; 15:5080. [PMID: 38140339 PMCID: PMC10745758 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Improper glycemic carbohydrates (GCs) consumption can be a potential risk factor for metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, which may lead to cognitive impairment. Although several potential mechanisms have been studied, the biological relationship between carbohydrate consumption and neurocognitive impairment is still uncertain. In this review, the main effects and mechanisms of GCs' digestive characteristics on cognitive functions are comprehensively elucidated. Additionally, healthier carbohydrate selection, a reliable research model, and future directions are discussed. Individuals in their early and late lives and patients with metabolic diseases are highly susceptible to dietary-induced cognitive impairment. It is well known that gut function is closely related to dietary patterns. Unhealthy carbohydrate diet-induced gut microenvironment disorders negatively impact cognitive functions through the gut-brain axis. Moreover, severe glycemic fluctuations, due to rapidly digestible carbohydrate consumption or metabolic diseases, can impair neurocognitive functions by disrupting glucose metabolism, dysregulating calcium homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and accumulating advanced glycation end products. Unstable glycemic status can lead to more severe neurological impairment than persistent hyperglycemia. Slow-digested or resistant carbohydrates might contribute to better neurocognitive functions due to stable glycemic response and healthier gut functions than fully gelatinized starch and nutritive sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Cheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yan Hong
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhaofeng Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Caiming Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ban
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhengbiao Gu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (J.Y.); (Y.H.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (X.B.); (L.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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Ni C, Li J. Take metabolic heterogeneity into consideration when applying dietary interventions to cancer therapy: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22814. [PMID: 38213585 PMCID: PMC10782175 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, dietary interventions have attracted much attention in cancer therapy. Mechanistic studies suggest that dietary interventions can inhibit the progression of cancer through deprivation of essential metabolites, lowering the levels of protumor hormones, activation of anticancer immunity and synergistic effects with conventional anticancer therapies. The feasibility, safety and promising tumor outcomes have also been established in humans. However, the results from both preclinical and clinical studies are inconsistent or even conflicting, the reasons for which have not been extensively considered. In this review, we discuss the various heterogeneity, including dietary protocols, tissue of origin and cancer locations, spatial and temporal metabolic heterogeneity, and divergent combination treatment, that may affect the responses of different cancers to dietary interventions. Understanding this heterogeneity and taking them into consideration when applying dietary interventions to cancer therapy will allow us to deliver the right diet to the right patient at the right time to maximize compliance, safety and efficacy of conventional anticancer therapy and to improve the outcomes of patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Chong Gang General Hospital, 400016, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery, the Third Hospital of Mianyang, Sichuan Mental Health Center, Mianyang, 621000, China
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27
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Field R, Field T, Pourkazemi F, Rooney K. Low-carbohydrate and ketogenic diets: a scoping review of neurological and inflammatory outcomes in human studies and their relevance to chronic pain. Nutr Res Rev 2023; 36:295-319. [PMID: 35438071 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422422000087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction of carbohydrate has been demonstrated to be beneficial for nervous system dysfunction in animal models and may be beneficial for human chronic pain. The purpose of this review is to assess the impact of a low-carbohydrate/ketogenic diet on the adult nervous system function and inflammatory biomarkers to inform nutritional research for chronic pain. An electronic database search was carried out in May 2021. Publications were screened for prospective research with dietary carbohydrate intake <130 g per day and duration of ≥2 weeks. Studies were categorised into those reporting adult neurological outcomes to be extracted for analysis and those reporting other adult research outcomes. Both groups were screened again for reported inflammatory biomarkers. From 1548 studies, there were 847 studies included. Sixty-four reported neurological outcomes with 83% showing improvement. Five hundred and twenty-three studies had a different research focus (metabolic n = 394, sport/performance n = 51, cancer n = 33, general n = 30, neurological with non-neuro outcomes n = 12, or gastrointestinal n = 4). The second screen identified sixty-three studies reporting on inflammatory biomarkers, with 71% reporting a reduction in inflammation. The overall results suggest a favourable outcome on the nervous system and inflammatory biomarkers from a reduction in dietary carbohydrates. Both nervous system sensitisation and inflammation occur in chronic pain, and the results from this review indicate it may be improved by low-carbohydrate nutritional therapy. More clinical trials within this population are required to build on the few human trials that have been done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena Field
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tara Field
- The New South Wales Ministry of Health (NSW Health), Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Kieron Rooney
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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28
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Charlot A, Lernould A, Plus I, Zoll J. [Beneficial effects of ketogenic diet for Alzheimer's disease management]. Biol Aujourdhui 2023; 217:253-263. [PMID: 38018953 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2023031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects almost 1 million people in France and 55 million in the world. This pathology is a global health preoccupation because of the lack of efficient curative treatment and the increase of its prevalence. During the last decade, the comprehension of pathophysiological mechanisms involved in AD have been improved. Amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles accumulation are characteristic of Alzheimer's brain patients, accompanied by increased brain inflammation and oxidative stress, impaired cerebral metabolism of glucose and mitochondrial function. Treatment of AD includes different approaches, as pharmacology, psychology support, physiotherapy, and speech therapy. However, these interventions do not have a curative effect, but only compensatory on the disease. Ketogenic diet (KD), a low-carbohydrates and high-fat diet, associated with a medium-chain triglycerides intake (MCTs) might induce benefices for Alzheimer disease patients. Carbohydrate restriction and MCTs promotes the production of ketone bodies from fatty acid degradation. These metabolites replacing glucose, serve the brain as energetic substrates, and induce neuroprotective effects. Such a nutritional support might slow down the disease progression and improve cognitive abilities of patients. This review aims to examine the neuroprotective mechanisms of KD in AD progression and describes the advantages and limitations of KD as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Charlot
- Université de Strasbourg, CRBS, UR3072 « Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alix Lernould
- Université de Strasbourg, CRBS, UR3072 « Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Irène Plus
- Université de Strasbourg, CRBS, UR3072 « Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Joffrey Zoll
- Université de Strasbourg, CRBS, UR3072 « Mitochondrie, stress oxydant et protection musculaire », 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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29
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Ramezani M, Fernando M, Eslick S, Asih PR, Shadfar S, Bandara EMS, Hillebrandt H, Meghwar S, Shahriari M, Chatterjee P, Thota R, Dias CB, Garg ML, Martins RN. Ketone bodies mediate alterations in brain energy metabolism and biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1297984. [PMID: 38033541 PMCID: PMC10687427 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1297984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunction, including learning and memory deficits, and behavioral changes. Neuropathology hallmarks of AD such as amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles containing the neuron-specific protein tau is associated with changes in fluid biomarkers including Aβ, phosphorylated tau (p-tau)-181, p-tau 231, p-tau 217, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NFL). Another pathological feature of AD is neural damage and hyperactivation of astrocytes, that can cause increased pro-inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. In addition, reduced brain glucose metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction appears up to 15 years before the onset of clinical AD symptoms. As glucose utilization is compromised in the brain of patients with AD, ketone bodies (KBs) may serve as an alternative source of energy. KBs are generated from the β-oxidation of fatty acids, which are enhanced following consumption of ketogenic diets with high fat, moderate protein, and low carbohydrate. KBs have been shown to cross the blood brain barrier to improve brain energy metabolism. This review comprehensively summarizes the current literature on how increasing KBs support brain energy metabolism. In addition, for the first time, this review discusses the effects of ketogenic diet on the putative AD biomarkers such as Aβ, tau (mainly p-tau 181), GFAP, and NFL, and discusses the role of KBs on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matin Ramezani
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Malika Fernando
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Shaun Eslick
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Prita R. Asih
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sina Shadfar
- Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Heidi Hillebrandt
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Silochna Meghwar
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Maryam Shahriari
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Pratishtha Chatterjee
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Rohith Thota
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Cintia B. Dias
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Manohar L. Garg
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
| | - Ralph N. Martins
- Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Berthouzoz E, Lazarevic V, Zekeridou A, Castro M, Debove I, Aybek S, Schrenzel J, Burkhard PR, Fleury V. Oral and intestinal dysbiosis in Parkinson's disease. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:937-946. [PMID: 36934020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The suspicion of an origin of Parkinson's disease (PD) at the periphery of the body and the involvement of environmental risk factors in the pathogenesis of PD have directed the attention of the scientific community towards the microbiota. The microbiota represents all the microorganisms residing both in and on a host. It plays an essential role in the physiological functioning of the host. In this article, we review the dysbiosis repeatedly demonstrated in PD and how it influences PD symptoms. Dysbiosis is associated with both motor and non-motor PD symptoms. In animal models, dysbiosis only promotes symptoms in individuals genetically susceptible to Parkinson's disease, suggesting that dysbiosis is a risk factor but not a cause of Parkinson's disease. We also review how dysbiosis contributes to the pathophysiology of PD. Dysbiosis induces numerous and complex metabolic changes, resulting in increased intestinal permeability, local and systemic inflammation, production of bacterial amyloid proteins that promote α-synuclein aggregation, as well as a decrease in short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria that have anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential. In addition, we review how dysbiosis decreases the efficacy of dopaminergic treatments. We then discuss the interest of dysbiosis analysis as a biomarker of Parkinson's disease. Finally, we give an overview of how interventions modulating the gut microbiota such as dietary interventions, pro-biotics, intestinal decontamination and fecal microbiota transplantation could influence the course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Berthouzoz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - V Lazarevic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Genomic Research Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - A Zekeridou
- Division of Regenerative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - M Castro
- Movement disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Debove
- Movement disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Aybek
- Psychosomatic Medicine Unit, Department of Neurology, Inselspital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Schrenzel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Genomic Research Laboratory, Department of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - P R Burkhard
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Movement disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland
| | - V Fleury
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland; Movement disorders Unit, Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 14, Switzerland.
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31
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Balderan A, Farrokhifar Y, Hosseini M, Khordad E, Askarian S, Kakhki S, Beheshti F. Assessment of the neuroprotective effect of Cocos nucifera L. oil on learning and behavior impairment in ovariectomized rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2023; 13:665-674. [PMID: 38106629 PMCID: PMC10719724 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.22724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective The current study aimed to investigate whether Cocos nucifera L. oil (CO) is effective on menopause-related memory dysfunction in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Materials and Methods Fifty healthy female Wistar rats were randomly selected and classified into five groups as control, OVX rats, and three OVX groups of rats which received three different doses (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg/day) of CO for five consecutive weeks by gavage. To assess the effect of CO, neurobehavioral tests such as Morris water maze (MWM) and Passive avoidance (PA) were done and then the animals were sacrificed to remove cortical and hippocampal tissues for biochemical analysis. Results In both behavioral tests including MWM and PA, treatment with CO particularly two higher doses of 200, and 400 mg/kg demonstrated significant improvement in comparison with OVX group. Furthermore, antioxidant biomarkers such as total thiol content, catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were significantly higher in the OVX-CO groups versus the OVX group. On the contrary, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration as an oxidative stress biomarker was remarkably lower in the OVX-CO200 and 400 mg groups than the OVX group. Conclusion The present study demonstrated the significant improvement of CO on learning and memory impairment induced by ovariectomy. Although the exact mechanism needs further investigation, it might have occurred due to the anti-oxidative effect of CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Balderan
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Yasamin Farrokhifar
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elnaz Khordad
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Askarian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Samaneh Kakhki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
- Departments of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
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Wiese LAK, Gibson A, Guest MA, Nelson AR, Weaver R, Gupta A, Carmichael O, Lewis JP, Lindauer A, Loi S, Peterson R, Radford K, Rhodus EK, Wong CG, Zuelsdorff M, Saidi LG, Valdivieso-Mora E, Franzen S, Pope CN, Killian TS, Shrestha HL, Heyn PC, Ng TKS, Prusaczyk B, John S, Kulshreshtha A, Sheffler JL, Besser L, Daniel V, Tolea MI, Miller J, Musyimi C, Corkey J, Yank V, Williams CL, Rahemi Z, Park J, Magzamen S, Newton RL, Harrington C, Flatt JD, Arora S, Walter S, Griffin P, Babulal GM. Global rural health disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: State of the science. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4204-4225. [PMID: 37218539 PMCID: PMC10524180 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals living in rural communities are at heightened risk for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), which parallels other persistent place-based health disparities. Identifying multiple potentially modifiable risk factors specific to rural areas that contribute to ADRD is an essential first step in understanding the complex interplay between various barriers and facilitators. METHODS An interdisciplinary, international group of ADRD researchers convened to address the overarching question of: "What can be done to begin minimizing the rural health disparities that contribute uniquely to ADRD?" In this state of the science appraisal, we explore what is known about the biological, behavioral, sociocultural, and environmental influences on ADRD disparities in rural settings. RESULTS A range of individual, interpersonal, and community factors were identified, including strengths of rural residents in facilitating healthy aging lifestyle interventions. DISCUSSION A location dynamics model and ADRD-focused future directions are offered for guiding rural practitioners, researchers, and policymakers in mitigating rural disparities. HIGHLIGHTS Rural residents face heightened Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) risks and burdens due to health disparities. Defining the unique rural barriers and facilitators to cognitive health yields insight. The strengths and resilience of rural residents can mitigate ADRD-related challenges. A novel "location dynamics" model guides assessment of rural-specific ADRD issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ann Kirk Wiese
- C.E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Allison Gibson
- University of Kentucky College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Marc Aaron Guest
- Center for Innovation in Healthy and Resilient Aging, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Amy R Nelson
- Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine, Department of Physiology & Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Raven Weaver
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Aditi Gupta
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Neurology, Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jordan P Lewis
- Memory Keepers Medical Discovery Team, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allison Lindauer
- Oregon Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Samantha Loi
- Neuropsychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Peterson
- University of Montana School of Public and Community Health Sciences, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | - Kylie Radford
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elizabeth K Rhodus
- University of Kentucky College of Social Work, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- University of Kentucky Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- University of Kentucky College of Medicine, for Health Equity Transformation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christina G Wong
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Megan Zuelsdorff
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ladan Ghazi Saidi
- Department of Communication Disorders, Center for Brain Biology and Behavior (CB3), University of Nebraska at Kearney, and Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Esmeralda Valdivieso-Mora
- Department of Psychology and Public Health, Universidad Centroamericana José Simeón Cañas, El Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Sanne Franzen
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Center, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caitlin N Pope
- Department of Health, Behavior, & Society, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Timothy S Killian
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hom L Shrestha
- School of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia C Heyn
- Center for Optimal Aging, Department of Physical Therapy, Marymount University, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Ted Kheng Siang Ng
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Beth Prusaczyk
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Center for Population Health Informatics at I2, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Samantha John
- Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Ambar Kulshreshtha
- Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Division of Hospital Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Julia L Sheffler
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Lilah Besser
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Valerie Daniel
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Magdalena I Tolea
- Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Justin Miller
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Christine Musyimi
- Africa Mental Health Research and Training Foundation, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Veronica Yank
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Christine L Williams
- C.E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Zahra Rahemi
- Clemson School of Nursing, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, USA
| | - JuYoung Park
- Sandler School of Social Work, College of Social Work and Criminal Justice, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
| | - Sheryl Magzamen
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Robert L Newton
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Jason D Flatt
- School of Public Health, Department of Social & Behavioral Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA
| | - Sonakshi Arora
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Sarah Walter
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Percy Griffin
- Alzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Alzheimer's Clinical Trials Consortium, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ganesh M Babulal
- Scientific Engagement, Medical & Scientific Relations, Alzheimer's Association, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Ortí JEDLR, Cuerda-Ballester M, Sanchis-Sanchis CE, Lajara Romance JM, Navarro-Illana E, García Pardo MP. Exploring the impact of ketogenic diet on multiple sclerosis: obesity, anxiety, depression, and the glutamate system. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1227431. [PMID: 37693246 PMCID: PMC10485376 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1227431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disorder. Individuals with MS frequently present symptoms such as functional disability, obesity, and anxiety and depression. Axonal demyelination can be observed and implies alterations in mitochondrial activity and increased inflammation associated with disruptions in glutamate neurotransmitter activity. In this context, the ketogenic diet (KD), which promotes the production of ketone bodies in the blood [mainly β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB)], is a non-pharmacological therapeutic alternative that has shown promising results in peripheral obesity reduction and central inflammation reduction. However, the association of this type of diet with emotional symptoms through the modulation of glutamate activity in MS individuals remains unknown. Aim To provide an update on the topic and discuss the potential impact of KD on anxiety and depression through the modulation of glutamate activity in subjects with MS. Discussion The main findings suggest that the KD, as a source of ketone bodies in the blood, improves glutamate activity by reducing obesity, which is associated with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, promoting central inflammation (particularly through an increase in interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17). This improvement would imply a decrease in extrasynaptic glutamate activity, which has been linked to functional disability and the presence of emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jose María Lajara Romance
- Faculty of Legal, Economic and Social Sciences, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
| | - Esther Navarro-Illana
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
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Kuang G, Halimitabrizi M, Edziah AA, Salowe R, O’Brien JM. The potential for mitochondrial therapeutics in the treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma: a review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1184060. [PMID: 37601627 PMCID: PMC10433652 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1184060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma, an age-related neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by the death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and the corresponding loss of visual fields. This disease is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, making early diagnosis and effective treatment paramount. The pathophysiology of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common form of the disease, remains poorly understood. Current available treatments, which target elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), are not effective at slowing disease progression in approximately 30% of patients. There is a great need to identify and study treatment options that target other disease mechanisms and aid in neuroprotection for POAG. Increasingly, the role of mitochondrial injury in the development of POAG has become an emphasized area of research interest. Disruption in the function of mitochondria has been linked to problems with neurodevelopment and systemic diseases. Recent studies have shown an association between RGC death and damage to the cells' mitochondria. In particular, oxidative stress and disrupted oxidative phosphorylation dynamics have been linked to increased susceptibility of RGC mitochondria to secondary mechanical injury. Several mitochondria-targeted treatments for POAG have been suggested, including physical exercise, diet and nutrition, antioxidant supplementation, stem cell therapy, hypoxia exposure, gene therapy, mitochondrial transplantation, and light therapy. Studies have shown that mitochondrial therapeutics may have the potential to slow the progression of POAG by protecting against mitochondrial decline associated with age, genetic susceptibility, and other pathology. Further, these therapeutics may potentially target already present neuronal damage and symptom manifestations. In this review, the authors outline potential mitochondria-targeted treatment strategies and discuss their utility for use in POAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kuang
- Perelman School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Medicine Center for Genetics in Complex Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Mina Halimitabrizi
- Perelman School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Medicine Center for Genetics in Complex Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amy-Ann Edziah
- Perelman School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Medicine Center for Genetics in Complex Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Rebecca Salowe
- Perelman School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Medicine Center for Genetics in Complex Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Joan M. O’Brien
- Perelman School of Medicine, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Penn Medicine Center for Genetics in Complex Diseases, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Kong D, Sun JX, Yang JQ, Li YS, Bi K, Zhang ZY, Wang KH, Luo HY, Zhu M, Xu Y. Ketogenic diet: a potential adjunctive treatment for substance use disorders. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1191903. [PMID: 37575322 PMCID: PMC10414993 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1191903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) can lead to serious health problems, and there is a great interest in developing new treatment methods to alleviate the impact of substance abuse. In recent years, the ketogenic diet (KD) has shown therapeutic benefits as a dietary therapy in a variety of neurological disorders. Recent studies suggest that KD can compensate for the glucose metabolism disorders caused by alcohol use disorder by increasing ketone metabolism, thereby reducing withdrawal symptoms and indicating the therapeutic potential of KD in SUD. Additionally, SUD often accompanies increased sugar intake, involving neural circuits and altered neuroplasticity similar to substance addiction, which may induce cross-sensitization and increased use of other abused substances. Reducing carbohydrate intake through KD may have a positive effect on this. Finally, SUD is often associated with mitochondrial damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, glia dysfunction, and gut microbial disorders, while KD may potentially reverse these abnormalities and serve a therapeutic role. Although there is much indirect evidence that KD has a positive effect on SUD, the small number of relevant studies and the fact that KD leads to side effects such as metabolic abnormalities, increased risk of malnutrition and gastrointestinal symptoms have led to the limitation of KD in the treatment of SUD. Here, we described the organismal disorders caused by SUD and the possible positive effects of KD, aiming to provide potential therapeutic directions for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshenyue Kong
- General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jia-xue Sun
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ji-qun Yang
- Third People’s Hospital of Kunming City/Drug Rehabilitation Hospital of Kunming City, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan-sen Li
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ke Bi
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zun-yue Zhang
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Kun-hua Wang
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hua-you Luo
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mei Zhu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Xu
- General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, China
- Yunnan Technological Innovation Centre of Drug Addiction Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Ibrahim SH, Farooq H. Low glycemic index therapy in children with sub-acute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE): an experience from a measles-endemic country. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1203144. [PMID: 37554700 PMCID: PMC10406380 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1203144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sub-acute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, commonly seen in measles-endemic countries leading to progressive neuronal loss and death. Currently, there is no proven cure for this devastating disease. We started a low glycemic index therapy (LGIT) in children with SSPE using the same principle as per its role in intractable epilepsy. METHODOLOGY Low glycemic index diet was started in children with a confirmed diagnosis of SSPE based on Dyken's criteria. All children were then classified into four stages according to disease progression. The response to diet was evaluated by improvement in their myoclonic jerks, motor activities, and changes in their stage of the disease. RESULTS A total of 12 children were enrolled. The mean age was 6.65 years (range 3.3-10 years), with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Five children were at stage IV, five were at stage III, and two were at stage II at the start of the diet. Nine (75%) children showed improvement in their stage of illness. Of three children who were at stage IV at the initiation of the diet, one improved to stage II and two to stage III. Four children at stage III reverted to stage II. Two children initiated at stage II went into total remission. Seven (58.3%) children showed a >50% reduction in myoclonic jerks with three (25%) having a 100% reduction. Three (25%) children died due to pneumonia. CONCLUSION LGIT may play an effective role in the management of SSPE and gives hope to families having children with this potentially life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz H. Ibrahim
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hira Farooq
- Department of Nutrition, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Arora S, Santiago JA, Bernstein M, Potashkin JA. Diet and lifestyle impact the development and progression of Alzheimer's dementia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1213223. [PMID: 37457976 PMCID: PMC10344607 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1213223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia is a growing public health concern, with an estimated prevalence of 57 million adults worldwide. Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for 60-80% of the cases. Clinical trials testing potential drugs and neuroprotective agents have proven futile, and currently approved drugs only provide symptomatic benefits. Emerging epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that lifestyle changes, including diet and physical activity, offer an alternative therapeutic route for slowing and preventing cognitive decline and dementia. Age is the single most common risk factor for dementia, and it is associated with slowing cellular bioenergetics and metabolic processes. Therefore, a nutrient-rich diet is critical for optimal brain health. Furthermore, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a risk factor for AD, and diets that reduce the risk of T2D may confer neuroprotection. Foods predominant in Mediterranean, MIND, and DASH diets, including fruits, leafy green vegetables, fish, nuts, and olive oil, may prevent or slow cognitive decline. The mechanisms by which these nutrients promote brain health, however, are not yet completely understood. Other dietary approaches and eating regimes, including ketogenic and intermittent fasting, are also emerging as beneficial for brain health. This review summarizes the pathophysiology, associated risk factors, and the potential neuroprotective pathways activated by several diets and eating regimes that have shown promising results in promoting brain health and preventing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Arora
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Discipline, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Melissa Bernstein
- Department of Nutrition, College of Health Professions, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Judith A. Potashkin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Therapeutics, Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Discipline, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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Bolesławska I, Kowalówka M, Bolesławska-Król N, Przysławski J. Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Bodies as Clinical Support for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-Review of the Evidence. Viruses 2023; 15:1262. [PMID: 37376562 PMCID: PMC10326824 DOI: 10.3390/v15061262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the proposed nutritional therapies to support drug therapy in COVID-19 is the use of a ketogenic diet (KD) or ketone bodies. In this review, we summarized the evidence from tissue, animal, and human models and looked at the mechanisms of action of KD/ketone bodies against COVID-19. KD/ketone bodies were shown to be effective at the stage of virus entry into the host cell. The use of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), by preventing the metabolic reprogramming associated with COVID-19 infection and improving mitochondrial function, reduced glycolysis in CD4+ lymphocytes and improved respiratory chain function, and could provide an alternative carbon source for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Through multiple mechanisms, the use of KD/ketone bodies supported the host immune response. In animal models, KD resulted in protection against weight loss and hypoxemia, faster recovery, reduced lung injury, and resulted in better survival of young mice. In humans, KD increased survival, reduced the need for hospitalization for COVID-19, and showed a protective role against metabolic abnormalities after COVID-19. It appears that the use of KD and ketone bodies may be considered as a clinical nutritional intervention to assist in the treatment of COVID-19, despite the fact that numerous studies indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection alone may induce ketoacidosis. However, the use of such an intervention requires strong scientific validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Bolesławska
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Magdalena Kowalówka
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
| | - Natasza Bolesławska-Król
- Student Society of Radiotherapy, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, Zyta 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland; (M.K.); (J.P.)
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Mentzelou M, Dakanalis A, Vasios GK, Gialeli M, Papadopoulou SK, Giaginis C. The Relationship of Ketogenic Diet with Neurodegenerative and Psychiatric Diseases: A Scoping Review from Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102270. [PMID: 37242153 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ketogenic diet (KD) has become widespread for the therapy of epileptic pathology in childhood and adulthood. In the last few decades, the current re-emergence of its popularity has focused on the treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus. KD also exerts anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, which could be utilized for the therapy of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. PURPOSE This is a thorough, scoping review that aims to summarize and scrutinize the currently available basic research performed in in vitro and in vivo settings, as well as the clinical evidence of the potential beneficial effects of KD against neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. This review was conducted to systematically map the research performed in this area as well as identify gaps in knowledge. METHODS We thoroughly explored the most accurate scientific web databases, e.g., PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, to obtain the most recent in vitro and in vivo data from animal studies as well as clinical human surveys from the last twenty years, applying effective and characteristic keywords. RESULTS Basic research has revealed multiple molecular mechanisms through which KD can exert neuroprotective effects, such as neuroinflammation inhibition, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, decreased amyloid plaque deposition and microglial activation, protection in dopaminergic neurons, tau hyper-phosphorylation suppression, stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis, enhancing gut microbial diversity, restoration of histone acetylation, and neuron repair promotion. On the other hand, clinical evidence remains scarce. Most existing clinical studies are modest, frequently uncontrolled, and merely assess the short-term impacts of KD. Moreover, several clinical studies had large dropout rates and a considerable lack of compliance assessment, as well as an increased level of heterogeneity in the study design and methodology. CONCLUSIONS KD can exert substantial neuroprotective effects via multiple molecular mechanisms in various neurodegenerative and psychiatric pathological states. Large, long-term, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials with a prospective design are strongly recommended to delineate whether KD may attenuate or even treat neurodegenerative and psychiatric disease development, progression, and symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mentzelou
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Antonios Dakanalis
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Georgios K Vasios
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Maria Gialeli
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
| | - Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantinos Giaginis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Environment, University of Aegean, 81400 Myrina, Greece
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Zhaoxia W, Chenyu W, ZhuangZhuang Y, Liangliang F, Xue L, Tieyu T. Whole-exome sequencing detected a novel APP variant in a Han-Chinese family with Alzheimer's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5267-5271. [PMID: 37145212 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable and debilitating neurodegenerative disease that results in the progressive degeneration and death of nerve cells. Mutations in the APP gene, which encodes an amyloid precursor protein, is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied the APP gene (NM_000484.3: c.2045A > T; p.E682V) variants carried by members of a family suffering from AD using whole-exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. CONCLUSION In this study, we identified a new variant of the APP gene (NM_000484.3: c.2045A > T; p.E682V) in members of a family with AD. This provides potential targets for subsequent studies and information that can be used in genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhaoxia
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wang Chenyu
- Department of Cell Biology, The School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yuan ZhuangZhuang
- Department of Cell Biology, The School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Fan Liangliang
- Department of Cell Biology, The School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Lin Xue
- Department of Neurology, Yangzhou Oriental Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tang Tieyu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
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Bai L, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Ma J. The Role of a Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081971. [PMID: 37111190 PMCID: PMC10142932 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) shares a common molecular mechanism and underlying pathology with dementia, and studies indicate that dementia is widespread in people with T2DM. Currently, T2DM-induced cognitive impairment is characterized by altered insulin and cerebral glucose metabolism, leading to a shorter life span. Increasing evidence indicates that nutritional and metabolic treatments can possibly alleviate these issues, as there is a lack of efficient preventative and treatment methods. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a very high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that induces ketosis in the body by producing a fasting-like effect, and neurons in the aged brain are protected from damage by ketone bodies. Moreover, the creation of ketone bodies may improve brain neuronal function, decrease inflammatory expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and restore neuronal metabolism. As a result, the KD has drawn attention as a potential treatment for neurological diseases, such as T2DM-induced dementia. This review aims to examine the role of the KD in the prevention of dementia risk in T2DM patients and to outline specific aspects of the neuroprotective effects of the KD, providing a rationale for the implementation of dietary interventions as a therapeutic strategy for T2DM-induced dementia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Core Facility of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xindu District People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHFPC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Core Facility of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junpeng Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Gureev AP, Silachev DN, Sadovnikova IS, Krutskikh EP, Chernyshova EV, Volodina DE, Samoylova NA, Potanina DV, Burakova IY, Smirnova YD, Popov VN, Plotnikov EY. The Ketogenic Diet but not Hydroxycitric Acid Keeps Brain Mitochondria Quality Control and mtDNA Integrity Under Focal Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s12035-023-03325-8. [PMID: 37074549 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03325-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction in the ischemic brain is one of the hallmarks of stroke. Dietary interventions such as the ketogenic diet and hydroxycitric acid supplementation (a caloric restriction mimetic) may potentially protect neurons from mitochondrial damage induced by focal stroke in mice. We showed that in control mice, the ketogenic diet and the hydroxycitric acid did not impact significantly on the mtDNA integrity and expression of genes involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial quality control in the brain, liver, and kidney. The ketogenic diet changed the bacterial composition of the gut microbiome, which via the gut-brain axis may affect the increase in anxiety behavior and reduce mice mobility. The hydroxycitric acid causes mortality and suppresses mitochondrial biogenesis in the liver. Focal stroke modelling caused a significant decrease in the mtDNA copy number in both ipsilateral and contralateral brain cortex and increased the levels of mtDNA damage in the ipsilateral hemisphere. These alterations were accompanied by a decrease in the expression of some of the genes involved in maintaining mitochondrial quality control. The ketogenic diet consumption before stroke protects mtDNA in the ipsilateral cortex, probably via activation of the Nrf2 signaling. The hydroxycitric acid, on the contrary, increased stroke-induced injury. Thus, the ketogenic diet is the most preferred variant of dietetic intervention for stroke protection compared with the hydroxycitric acid supplementation. Our data confirm some reports about hydroxycitric acid toxicity, not only for the liver but also for the brain under stroke condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem P Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Denis N Silachev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina S Sadovnikova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P Krutskikh
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Chernyshova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Daria E Volodina
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Natalia A Samoylova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Daria V Potanina
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Inna Yu Burakova
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Yuliya D Smirnova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Vasily N Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018, Voronezh, Russia
- Laboratory of Metagenomics and Food Biotechnology, Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, 394036, Voronezh, Russia
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
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43
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Xu Y, Zheng F, Zhong Q, Zhu Y. Ketogenic Diet as a Promising Non-Drug Intervention for Alzheimer’s Disease: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1173-1198. [PMID: 37038820 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is mainly characterized by cognitive deficits. Although many studies have been devoted to developing disease-modifying therapies, there has been no effective therapy until now. However, dietary interventions may be a potential strategy to treat AD. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat and low-carbohydrate diet with adequate protein. KD increases the levels of ketone bodies, providing an alternative energy source when there is not sufficient energy supply because of impaired glucose metabolism. Accumulating preclinical and clinical studies have shown that a KD is beneficial to AD. The potential underlying mechanisms include improved mitochondrial function, optimization of gut microbiota composition, and reduced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The review provides an update on clinical and preclinical research on the effects of KD or medium-chain triglyceride supplementation on symptoms and pathophysiology in AD. We also detail the potential mechanisms of KD, involving amyloid and tau proteins, neuroinflammation, gut microbiota, oxidative stress, and brain metabolism. We aimed to determine the function of the KD in AD and outline important aspects of the mechanism, providing a reference for the implementation of the KD as a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlong Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Neonatology, Shenzhen Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuxiang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Luohu People’s Hospital; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingjie Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction, Shenzhen Neher Neural Plasticity Laboratory, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Zhang J, Chen B, Zou K. Effect of ketogenic diet on exercise tolerance and transcriptome of gastrocnemius in mice. Open Life Sci 2023; 18:20220570. [PMID: 36852401 PMCID: PMC9961969 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic diet (KD) has been proven to be an optional avenue in weight control. However, the impacts of KD on muscle strength and exercise endurance remain unclear. In this study, mice were randomly allocated to normal diet and KD groups to assess their exercise tolerance and transcriptomic changes of the gastrocnemius. KD suppressed body-weight and glucose levels and augmented blood ketone levels of mice. The total cholesterol, free fatty acids, and β-hydroxybutyric acid levels were higher and triglycerides and aspartate aminotransferase levels were lower in KD group. There was no notable difference in running distance/time and weight-bearing swimming time between the two groups. Furthermore, KD alleviated the protein levels of PGC-1α, p62, TnI FS, p-AMPKα, and p-Smad3, while advancing the LC3 II and TnI SS protein levels in the gastrocnemius tissues. RNA-sequencing found that 387 differentially expressed genes were filtered, and Cpt1b, Acadl, Eci2, Mlycd, Pdk4, Ptprc, C1qa, Emr1, Fcgr3, and Ctss were considered to be the hub genes. Our findings suggest that KD effectively reduced body weight but did not affect skeletal muscle strength and exercise endurance via AMPK/PGC-1α, Smad3, and p62/LC3 signaling pathways and these hub genes could be potential targets for muscle function in KD-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Police Physical Training, Zhejiang Police Collage, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North Third Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ke Zou
- School of Physical Education, Huaibei Normal University, Anhui, China
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Barrea L, Cacciapuoti S, Megna M, Verde L, Marasca C, Vono R, Camajani E, Colao A, Savastano S, Fabbrocini G, Muscogiuri G. The effect of the ketogenic diet on Acne: Could it be a therapeutic tool? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:6850-6869. [PMID: 36779329 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2176813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Acne is a chronic inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit resulting from androgen-induced increased sebum production, altered keratinization, inflammation, and bacterial colonization of the hair follicles of the face, neck, chest and back by Propionibacterium acnes. Overall, inflammation and immune responses are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of acne. Although early colonization with Propionibacterium acnes and family history may play an important role in the disease, it remains unclear exactly what triggers acne and how treatment affects disease progression. The influence of diet on acne disease is a growing research topic, yet few studies have examined the effects of diet on the development and clinical severity of acne disease, and the results have often been contradictory. Interestingly, very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has been associated with both significant reductions in body weight and inflammatory status through the production of ketone bodies and thus it has been expected to reduce the exacerbation of clinical manifestations or even block the trigger of acne disease. Given the paucity of studies regarding the implementation of VLCKD in the management of acne, this review aims to provide evidence from the available scientific literature to support the speculative use of VLCKD in the treatment of acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Barrea
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Napoli, Italy
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Sara Cacciapuoti
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Megna
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ludovica Verde
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Marasca
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Melanoma, Cancer Immunotherapy and Development Therapeutics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS Fondazione "G. Pascale" Via Mariano Semmola, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Camajani
- PhD Programme in Endocrinological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Savastano
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Dermatology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Centro Italiano per la cura e il Benessere del paziente con Obesità (C.I.B.O), Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Endocrinology Unit, University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Unit of Endocrinology, Federico II University Medical School of Naples, Naples, Italy
- Cattedra Unesco "Educazione alla salute e allo sviluppo sostenibile", University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Bedlack R, Barkhaus PE, Barnes B, Beauchamp M, Bertorini T, Bromberg MB, Carter GT, Chaudry V, Cudkowicz M, Jackson C, Levitsky G, Lund I, McDermott C, Novella S, Olby N, Ostrow L, Pattee GL, Heiman-Patterson T, Ratner D, Salmon K, Steves S, Terrelonge M, Wicks P, Wills AM. ALSUntangled #63: ketogenic diets. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2023; 24:159-163. [PMID: 34645313 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2021.1990346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ALSUntangled reviews alternative and off label treatments with a goal of helping patients make more informed decisions about them. Here we review ketogenic diets. We shows that these have plausible mechanisms, including augmenting cellular energy balance and reducing excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. We review a mouse model study, anecdotal reports and trials in ALS and other diseases. We conclude that there is yet not enough data to recommend ketogenic diets for patients with ALS, especially in light of the many side effects these can have.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Bedlack
- Neurology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Paul E Barkhaus
- Neurology Department, Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin, Kenosha, WI, United States
| | - Benjamin Barnes
- Neurology Department, Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA, United States
| | | | - Tulio Bertorini
- Neurology Department, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center VolShop Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Mark B Bromberg
- Neurology Department, University of Utah Health Hospitals and Clinics, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Gregory T Carter
- St Lukes Rehabilitation Hospital, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chesterfield, MO, United States
| | - Vinay Chaudry
- Neurology Department, University of North Carolina School of Medicine Neuroscience Center, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Merit Cudkowicz
- Neurology Department, Mass General Brigham Inc., Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ce Jackson
- Neurology Department, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio - Greehey Academic and Research Campus, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | | | - Isaac Lund
- Green Hope High School, Cary, NC, United States
| | - Christopher McDermott
- The University of Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Steven Novella
- Neurology Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Natasha Olby
- Neurology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Lyle Ostrow
- Neurology Department, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gary L Pattee
- Neurology Department, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Dylan Ratner
- Longmeadow High School, Longmeadow, MA, United States
| | - Kristiana Salmon
- Neurology Department, McGill Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Montreal, Canada
| | - Susan Steves
- Nutrition Department, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mark Terrelonge
- Neurology Department, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | | | - Anne-Marie Wills
- Neurology Department, Mass General Brigham Inc., Boston, MA, United States
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Makievskaya CI, Popkov VA, Andrianova NV, Liao X, Zorov DB, Plotnikov EY. Ketogenic Diet and Ketone Bodies against Ischemic Injury: Targets, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2576. [PMID: 36768899 PMCID: PMC9916612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) has been used as a treatment for epilepsy since the 1920s, and its role in the prevention of many other diseases is now being considered. In recent years, there has been an intensive investigation on using the KD as a therapeutic approach to treat acute pathologies, including ischemic ones. However, contradictory data are observed for the effects of the KD on various organs after ischemic injury. In this review, we provide the first systematic analysis of studies conducted from 1980 to 2022 investigating the effects and main mechanisms of the KD and its mimetics on ischemia-reperfusion injury of the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, gut, and eyes. Our analysis demonstrated a high diversity of both the composition of the used KD and the protocols for the treatment of animals, which could be the reason for contradictory effects in different studies. It can be concluded that a true KD or its mimetics, such as β-hydroxybutyrate, can be considered as positive exposure, protecting the organ from ischemia and its negative consequences, whereas the shift to a rather similar high-calorie or high-fat diet leads to the opposite effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara I. Makievskaya
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasily A. Popkov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezda V. Andrianova
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Xinyu Liao
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry B. Zorov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor Y. Plotnikov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- V.I. Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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48
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Dixon KA, Michelsen MK, Carpenter CL. Modern Diets and the Health of Our Planet: An Investigation into the Environmental Impacts of Food Choices. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030692. [PMID: 36771398 PMCID: PMC9919910 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Popular modern diets are often seen as a panacea for improving health and promoting weight reduction. While there is a large body of literature reporting the health benefits of popular diets, few studies have described their planetary benefits. Our investigation aims to evaluate the simultaneous impacts of six popular diets within the United States on both human and planetary health. Using carbon footprint databases and representative meal plans, the environmental and health-related impacts of the Standard American, Mediterranean, vegan, paleo, keto, and climatarian diets are compared using the currently available literature. Results indicate that diets that exhibit lower carbon footprints also have positive effects on human health. The diets found to have the lowest environmental impacts were the vegan, climatarian, and Mediterranean diets. These low-carbon-footprint diets can likely be attributed to a reduced reliance on ruminant meat (cattle and sheep) and processed food consumption, while diets with high carbon footprints are more dependent on ruminant meat and saturated fat. Moderate consumption of meats such as chicken, pork, and fish in conjunction with an emphasis on locally grown fruits and vegetables can be maintained without adversely affecting the planetary carbon footprint and with the added benefit of promoting good health. Thus, making simple substitutions within each individual's diet can be advertised as an effective approach to collectively lower the environmental impact in tandem with improving health and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiera A. Dixon
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Malia K. Michelsen
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Catherine L. Carpenter
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Correspondence:
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49
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Ferguson CC, Jung SE, Lawrence JC, Douglas JW, Halli-Tierney A, Bui C, Ellis AC. A Qualitative Analysis of Experiences With Food-Related Activities Among People Living With Parkinson Disease and Their Care-Partners. J Appl Gerontol 2023; 42:131-140. [PMID: 36062816 DOI: 10.1177/07334648221118358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore factors associated with the ability of people with PD to perform food-related activities (FRAs). Methods: Eleven dyads, older adults with Parkinson disease (PD) and their care-partners (n = 22), completed virtual semi-structured interviews guided by the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) that were independently analyzed by two coders via directed content analysis. Results: The following themes were identified-(1) Personal: perception of a healthy diet, perception of how nutrition influences PD, confidence in following a healthy diet, and barriers to performing FRA; (2) Environmental: previous sources of nutrition information and willingness to changing their diet with a registered dietitian; and (3) Behavioral: modifications to FRA due to food-medication interactions, and skills necessary to maintain a healthy diet. Discussion: Findings from this study highlight the need for nutrition intervention research to inform evidence-based guidelines in order to provide tailored education for people with PD and care-partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine C Ferguson
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, 8063The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.,UAB/Lakeshore Research Collaborative, School of Health Professions, 9968The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Seung Eun Jung
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, 8063The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Jeannine C Lawrence
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, 8063The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Joy W Douglas
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, 8063The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Anne Halli-Tierney
- Department of Family, Internal, and Rural Medicine, 8063The University of Alabama, Box 870326, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Chuong Bui
- Alabama Life Research Institute, 8063The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Amy C Ellis
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hospitality Management, 8063The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
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50
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Hong D, Zhang C, Wu W, Lu X, Zhang L. Modulation of the gut-brain axis via the gut microbiota: a new era in treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1133546. [PMID: 37153665 PMCID: PMC10157060 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1133546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
There are trillions of different microorganisms in the human digestive system. These gut microbes are involved in the digestion of food and its conversion into the nutrients required by the body. In addition, the gut microbiota communicates with other parts of the body to maintain overall health. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is known as the gut-brain axis (GBA), and involves connections via the central nervous system (CNS), the enteric nervous system (ENS), and endocrine and immune pathways. The gut microbiota regulates the central nervous system bottom-up through the GBA, which has prompted researchers to pay considerable attention to the potential pathways by which the gut microbiota might play a role in the prevention and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Studies with animal models of ALS have shown that dysregulation of the gut ecology leads to dysregulation of brain-gut signaling. This, in turn, induces changes in the intestinal barrier, endotoxemia, and systemic inflammation, which contribute to the development of ALS. Through the use of antibiotics, probiotic supplementation, phage therapy, and other methods of inducing changes in the intestinal microbiota that can inhibit inflammation and delay neuronal degeneration, the clinical symptoms of ALS can be alleviated, and the progression of the disease can be delayed. Therefore, the gut microbiota may be a key target for effective management and treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Hong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenshuo Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liping Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Zhang
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