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Sycamnias L, Kerr JA, Lange K, Saffery R, Wang Y, Wake M, Olds T, Dwyer T, Burgner D, Grobler AC. Polygenic Risk Scores and the Risk of Childhood Overweight/Obesity in Association With the Consumption of Sweetened Beverages: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Child Obes 2024; 20:354-365. [PMID: 37851993 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2023.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Background: Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) and non-nutritive sweetened beverage (NNSB) consumption is associated with obesity and are targets for population-level dietary interventions. In children (<16 years), we evaluate whether SSB or NNSB consumption is associated with subsequent (2 years later) overweight and/or obesity, and the effect of consumption on subsequent overweight/obesity differs by BMI polygenic risk score (BMI-PRS). Methods: The nationally representative Longitudinal-Study-of-Australian-Children had biennial data collection from birth (n = 5107) until age 14/15 years (n = 3127). At age 11/12 years, a comprehensive biomedical assessment, including PRS assessment, was undertaken (n = 1422). Parent- or self-reported beverage consumption (SSBs: soft drinks, energy drinks, and/or juice; NNSBs: diet drinks) was measured as any/none over previous 24 hours. BMI-PRS was derived using published results (high PRS ≥75th percentile). At ages 4/5-14/15 children were classified as having obesity, overweight/obesity, or not having overweight/obesity using BMI z-score (CDC cut points). Results: SSB consumption had limited association with subsequent overweight/obesity. NNSB consumption was associated with ∼8% more children with subsequent overweight/obesity at most ages. In older children with high BMI-PRS, associations between NNSB consumption and subsequent overweight/obesity strengthened with age [at age 14-15 for high BMI-PRS, difference in proportion with overweight/obesity among NNSB consumers vs. nonconsumers = 0.38 (95% confidence interval: 0.22 to 0.55, p ≤ 0.001)]. There was limited association between SSB consumption and BMI-PRS. Conclusion: NNSB consumption was associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity for children with greater genetic risk at older ages (12-15 years). Focused intervention among children with high genetic risk could target NNSB consumption; however, reverse causality (children with genetic risk and/or high BMI consume more NNSBs) cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Sycamnias
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica A Kerr
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Katherine Lange
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yichao Wang
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tim Olds
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Terry Dwyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anneke C Grobler
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Karvela M, Golden CT, Bell N, Martin-Li S, Bedzo-Nutakor J, Bosnic N, DeBeaudrap P, de Mateo-Lopez S, Alajrami A, Qin Y, Eze M, Hon TK, Simón-Sánchez J, Sahoo R, Pearson-Stuttard J, Soon-Shiong P, Toumazou C, Oliver N. Assessment of the impact of a personalised nutrition intervention in impaired glucose regulation over 26 weeks: a randomised controlled trial. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5428. [PMID: 38443427 PMCID: PMC10914757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary interventions can reduce progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia. In this study we aimed to determine the impact of a DNA-personalised nutrition intervention in people with non-diabetic hyperglycaemia over 26 weeks. ASPIRE-DNA was a pilot study. Participants were randomised into three arms to receive either (i) Control arm: standard care (NICE guidelines) (n = 51), (ii) Intervention arm: DNA-personalised dietary advice (n = 50), or (iii) Exploratory arm: DNA-personalised dietary advice via a self-guided app and wearable device (n = 46). The primary outcome was the difference in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) between the Control and Intervention arms after 6 weeks. 180 people were recruited, of whom 148 people were randomised, mean age of 59 years (SD = 11), 69% of whom were female. There was no significant difference in the FPG change between the Control and Intervention arms at 6 weeks (- 0.13 mmol/L (95% CI [- 0.37, 0.11]), p = 0.29), however, we found that a DNA-personalised dietary intervention led to a significant reduction of FPG at 26 weeks in the Intervention arm when compared to standard care (- 0.019 (SD = 0.008), p = 0.01), as did the Exploratory arm (- 0.021 (SD = 0.008), p = 0.006). HbA1c at 26 weeks was significantly reduced in the Intervention arm when compared to standard care (- 0.038 (SD = 0.018), p = 0.04). There was some evidence suggesting prevention of progression to T2DM across the groups that received a DNA-based intervention (p = 0.06). Personalisation of dietary advice based on DNA did not result in glucose changes within the first 6 weeks but was associated with significant reduction of FPG and HbA1c at 26 weeks when compared to standard care. The DNA-based diet was effective regardless of intervention type, though results should be interpreted with caution due to the low sample size. These findings suggest that DNA-based dietary guidance is an effective intervention compared to standard care, but there is still a minimum timeframe of adherence to the intervention before changes in clinical outcomes become apparent.Trial Registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov.uk Ref: NCT03702465.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karvela
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Caroline T Golden
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Nikeysha Bell
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Martin-Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Judith Bedzo-Nutakor
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Natalie Bosnic
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Pierre DeBeaudrap
- Centre for Population and Development (Ceped), French National Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), and Paris University, Inserm ERL, 1244, Paris, France
| | - Sara de Mateo-Lopez
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Ahmed Alajrami
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Yun Qin
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Maria Eze
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Tsz-Kin Hon
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Javier Simón-Sánchez
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | - Rashmita Sahoo
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK
| | | | - Patrick Soon-Shiong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Christofer Toumazou
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
- DnaNudge Ltd, Scale Space, Imperial College London, White City Campus, London, UK.
| | - Nick Oliver
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Mehta NH, Huey SL, Kuriyan R, Peña-Rosas JP, Finkelstein JL, Kashyap S, Mehta S. Potential Mechanisms of Precision Nutrition-Based Interventions for Managing Obesity. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100186. [PMID: 38316343 PMCID: PMC10914563 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Precision nutrition (PN) considers multiple individual-level and environmental characteristics or variables to better inform dietary strategies and interventions for optimizing health, including managing obesity and metabolic disorders. Here, we review the evidence on potential mechanisms-including ones to identify individuals most likely to respond-that can be leveraged in the development of PN interventions addressing obesity. We conducted a review of the literature and included laboratory, animal, and human studies evaluating biochemical and genetic data, completed and ongoing clinical trials, and public programs in this review. Our analysis describes the potential mechanisms related to 6 domains including genetic predisposition, circadian rhythms, physical activity and sedentary behavior, metabolomics, the gut microbiome, and behavioral and socioeconomic characteristics, i.e., the factors that can be leveraged to design PN-based interventions to prevent and treat obesity-related outcomes such as weight loss or metabolic health as laid out by the NIH 2030 Strategic Plan for Nutrition Research. For example, single nucleotide polymorphisms can modify responses to certain dietary interventions, and epigenetic modulation of obesity risk via physical activity patterns and macronutrient intake have also been demonstrated. Additionally, we identified limitations including questions of equitable implementation across a limited number of clinical trials. These include the limited ability of current PN interventions to address systemic influences such as supply chains and food distribution, healthcare systems, racial or cultural inequities, and economic disparities, particularly when designing and implementing PN interventions in low- and middle-income communities. PN has the potential to help manage obesity by addressing intra- and inter-individual variation as well as context, as opposed to "one-size fits all" approaches though there is limited clinical trial evidence to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel H Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Samantha L Huey
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rebecca Kuriyan
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Juan Pablo Peña-Rosas
- Global Initiatives, The Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julia L Finkelstein
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangeeta Kashyap
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Weill Cornell Medicine New York Presbyterian, New York, NY, United States
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Center for Precision Nutrition and Health, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States; Division of Medical Informatics, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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Yang W, Jiang W, Guo S. Regulation of Macronutrients in Insulin Resistance and Glucose Homeostasis during Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:4671. [PMID: 37960324 PMCID: PMC10647592 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is an important feature of metabolic syndrome and a precursor of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Overnutrition-induced obesity is a major risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. The intake of macronutrients plays a key role in maintaining energy balance. The components of macronutrients distinctly regulate insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. Precisely adjusting the beneficial food compound intake is important for the prevention of insulin resistance and T2DM. Here, we reviewed the effects of different components of macronutrients on insulin sensitivity and their underlying mechanisms, including fructose, dietary fiber, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, and amino acids. Understanding the diet-gene interaction will help us to better uncover the molecular mechanisms of T2DM and promote the application of precision nutrition in practice by integrating multi-omics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shaodong Guo
- Department of Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; (W.Y.); (W.J.)
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Gholami F, Samadi M, Rasaei N, Yekaninejad MS, Keshavarz SA, Javdan G, Shiraseb F, Bahrampour N, Mirzaei K. Interactions Between Genetic Risk Score and Healthy Plant Diet Index on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Obese and Overweight Women. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:199-217. [PMID: 37593209 PMCID: PMC10432161 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
People with higher genetic predisposition to obesity are more susceptible to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and healthy plant-based foods may be associated with reduced risks of obesity and other metabolic markers. We investigated whether healthy plant-foods-rich dietary patterns might have inverse associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in participants at genetically elevated risk of obesity. For this cross-sectional study, 377 obese and overweight women were chosen from health centers in Tehran, Iran. We calculated a healthy plant-based diet index (h-PDI) in which healthy plant foods received positive scores, and unhealthy plant and animal foods received reversed scores. A genetic risk score (GRS) was developed based on 3 polymorphisms. The interaction between GRS and h-PDI on cardiometabolic traits was analyzed using a generalized linear model (GLM). We found significant interactions between GRS and h-PDI on body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.02), body fat mass (p = 0.04), and waist circumference (p = 0.056). There were significant gene-diet interactions for healthful plant-derived diets and BMI-GRS on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p = 0.03), aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.04), alanine transaminase (p = 0.05), insulin (p = 0.04), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (p = 0.002). Adherence to h-PDI was more strongly related to decreased levels of the aforementioned markers among participants in the second or top tertile of GRS than those with low GRS. These results highlight that following a plant-based dietary pattern considering genetics appears to be a protective factor against the risks of cardiometabolic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Mahsa Samadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Niloufar Rasaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Mir Saeid Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Gholamali Javdan
- Food Health Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar ‘Abbas 79166-13885, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Niki Bahrampour
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU), Tehran 14778-93855, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
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Graham CAM, Spedicati B, Pelliccione G, Gasparini P, Concas MP. Regulator of G-Protein Signalling 9: A New Candidate Gene for Sweet Food Liking? Foods 2023; 12:foods12091739. [PMID: 37174278 PMCID: PMC10178705 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetics plays an important role in individual differences in food liking, which influences food choices and health. Sweet food liking is a complex trait and has been associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and related comorbidities. This genome-wide association study (GWAS) aimed to investigate the genetics of sweet food liking using two adult discovery cohorts (n = 1109, n = 373) and an independent replication cohort (n = 1073). In addition, we tested the association of our strongest result on parameters related to behaviour (food adventurousness (FA) and reward dependence (RD) and health status (BMI and blood glucose). The results demonstrate a novel strong association between the Regulator of G-Protein Signalling 9 (RGS9I) gene, strongest single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs58931966 (p-value 7.05 × 10-9 in the combined sample of discovery and replication), and sweet food liking, with the minor allele (A) being associated with a decreased sweet food liking. We also found that the A allele of the rs58931966 SNP was associated with decreased FA and RD, and increased BMI and blood glucose (p-values < 0.05). Differences were highlighted in sex-specific analysis on BMI and glucose. Our results highlight a novel genetic association with food liking and are indicative of genetic variation influencing the psychological-biological drivers of food preference. If confirmed in other studies, such genetic associations could allow a greater understanding of chronic disease management from both a habitual dietary intake and reward-related perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Anna-Marie Graham
- Cereneo Foundation, Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CEFIR), Seestrasse 18, 6354 Vitznau, Switzerland
- Lake Lucerne Institute, Seestrasse 18, 6354 Vitznau, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Spedicati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Pelliccione
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Lake Lucerne Institute, Seestrasse 18, 6354 Vitznau, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS, Burlo Garofolo, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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Tan PY, Moore JB, Bai L, Tang G, Gong YY. In the context of the triple burden of malnutrition: A systematic review of gene-diet interactions and nutritional status. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3235-3263. [PMID: 36222100 PMCID: PMC11000749 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2131727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Genetic background interacts with dietary components to modulate nutritional health status. This study aimed to review the evidence for gene-diet interactions in all forms of malnutrition. A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted through April 2021 to identify observational and intervention studies reporting the effects of gene-diet interactions in over-nutrition, under-nutrition and micronutrient status. Risk of publication bias was assessed using the Quality Criteria Checklist and a tool specifically designed for gene-diet interaction research. 167 studies from 27 populations were included. The majority of studies investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in overnutrition (n = 158). Diets rich in whole grains, vegetables, fruits and low in total and saturated fats, such as Mediterranean and DASH diets, showed promising effects for reducing obesity risk among individuals who had higher genetic risk scores for obesity, particularly the risk alleles carriers of FTO rs9939609, rs1121980 and rs1421085. Other SNPs in MC4R, PPARG and APOA5 genes were also commonly studied for interaction with diet on overnutrition though findings were inconclusive. Only limited data were found related to undernutrition (n = 1) and micronutrient status (n = 9). The findings on gene-diet interactions in this review highlight the importance of personalized nutrition, and more research on undernutrition and micronutrient status is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Yee Tan
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J. Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ling Bai
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - GuYuan Tang
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Yun Yun Gong
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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8
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Gholami F, Samadi M, Soveid N, Mirzaei K. Healthy beverages may reduce the genetic risk of abdominal obesity and related metabolic comorbidities: a gene-diet interaction study in Iranian women. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:143. [PMID: 36167582 PMCID: PMC9516810 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00911-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The nutrition transition in developing countries like Iran causes the increasing rise of obesity and abdominal obesity rates. However, it is not yet well proven that environmental modifications like improving the quality of beverage intake can be effective in people who have a genetic predisposition to obesity. So, in the present study, we examine the interaction between genetic predisposition and healthy beverage index (HBI) with abdominal obesity and obesity-related metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese women. METHOD Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 202 overweight or obese females were chosen for this cross-sectional study. Body composition, anthropometric measures, physical activity, and beverage intake data were collected and analyzed using recognized and trustworthy methodologies. Biochemical tests were performed on serum samples. A genetic risk score (GRS) was calculated based on the results of genetic tests. The predetermined HBI was calculated based on previous studies. A generalized linear model was used to estimate the interactions between GRS and HBI (GLM). RESULTS We found significant interactions between GRS and HBI on WHR (β = - 0.39, CI: -0.07 to 0.001, P = 0.05) and WC (β = - 6.18, CI: - 13.41 to 1.05, P = 0.09). Also, there were significant gene-diet interactions for HBI and GRS on HDL (β = 7.09, CI: - 0.73 to 14.92, P = 0.07) and FBS (β = - 9.07, CI: - 18.63 to 0.47, P = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS These findings emphasize the HBI considering genetics appears to protect against the risks of abdominal obesity and metabolic associated obesity markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Gholami
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O Box 6446, 14155 Tehran, I.R. of Iran
| | - Mahsa Samadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O Box 6446, 14155 Tehran, I.R. of Iran
| | - Neda Soveid
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O Box 6446, 14155 Tehran, I.R. of Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O Box 6446, 14155 Tehran, I.R. of Iran
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Turck D, Bohn T, Castenmiller J, de Henauw S, Hirsch‐Ernst KI, Knutsen HK, Maciuk A, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Peláez C, Pentieva K, Siani A, Thies F, Tsabouri S, Adan R, Emmett P, Galli C, Kersting M, Moynihan P, Tappy L, Ciccolallo L, de Sesmaisons‐Lecarré A, Fabiani L, Horvath Z, Martino L, Muñoz Guajardo I, Valtueña Martínez S, Vinceti M. Tolerable upper intake level for dietary sugars. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07074. [PMID: 35251356 PMCID: PMC8884083 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from five European Nordic countries, the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was tasked to provide scientific advice on a tolerable upper intake level (UL) or a safe level of intake for dietary (total/added/free) sugars based on available data on chronic metabolic diseases, pregnancy-related endpoints and dental caries. Specific sugar types (fructose) and sources of sugars were also addressed. The intake of dietary sugars is a well-established hazard in relation to dental caries in humans. Based on a systematic review of the literature, prospective cohort studies do not support a positive relationship between the intake of dietary sugars, in isocaloric exchange with other macronutrients, and any of the chronic metabolic diseases or pregnancy-related endpoints assessed. Based on randomised control trials on surrogate disease endpoints, there is evidence for a positive and causal relationship between the intake of added/free sugars and risk of some chronic metabolic diseases: The level of certainty is moderate for obesity and dyslipidaemia (> 50-75% probability), low for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes (> 15-50% probability) and very low for hypertension (0-15% probability). Health effects of added vs. free sugars could not be compared. A level of sugars intake at which the risk of dental caries/chronic metabolic diseases is not increased could not be identified over the range of observed intakes, and thus, a UL or a safe level of intake could not be set. Based on available data and related uncertainties, the intake of added and free sugars should be as low as possible in the context of a nutritionally adequate diet. Decreasing the intake of added and free sugars would decrease the intake of total sugars to a similar extent. This opinion can assist EU Member States in setting national goals/recommendations.
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The Association between Fasting Glucose and Sugar Sweetened Beverages Intake Is Greater in Latin Americans with a High Polygenic Risk Score for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010069. [PMID: 35010944 PMCID: PMC8746587 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chile is one of the largest consumers of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) world-wide. However, it is unknown whether the effects from this highly industrialized food will mimic those reported in industrialized countries or whether they will be modified by local lifestyle or population genetics. Our goal is to evaluate the interaction effect between SSB intake and T2D susceptibility on fasting glucose. We calculated a weighted genetic risk score (GRSw) based on 16 T2D risk SNPs in 2828 non-diabetic participants of the MAUCO cohort. SSB intake was categorized in four levels using a food frequency questionnaire. Log-fasting glucose was regressed on SSB and GRSw tertiles while accounting for socio-demography, lifestyle, obesity, and Amerindian ancestry. Fasting glucose increased systematically per unit of GRSw (β = 0.02 ± 0.006, p = 0.00002) and by SSB intake (β[cat4] = 0.04 ± 0.01, p = 0.0001), showing a significant interaction, where the strongest effect was observed in the highest GRSw-tertile and in the highest SSB consumption category (β = 0.05 ± 0.02, p = 0.02). SNP-wise, SSB interacted with additive effects of rs7903146 (TCF7L2) (β = 0.05 ± 0.01, p = 0.002) and with the G/G genotype of rs10830963 (MTNRB1B) (β = 0.19 ± 0.05, p = 0.001). Conclusions: The association between SSB intake and fasting glucose in the Chilean population without diabetes is modified by T2D genetic susceptibility.
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11
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Heianza Y, Zhou T, Sun D, Hu FB, Qi L. Healthful plant-based dietary patterns, genetic risk of obesity, and cardiovascular risk in the UK biobank study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4694-4701. [PMID: 34237696 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS People with a higher genetic risk for obesity are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD), and healthy plant-based dietary patterns may be associated with decreased risks of obesity and cardiovascular events. We investigated whether adherence to healthy plant-foods-rich dietary patterns might attenuate risks of obesity and related cardiovascular abnormalities for people at genetically higher risk of obesity. METHODS This study included 121,799 middle-aged adults in UK Biobank who were initially free of metabolic diseases and cancer. We calculated a healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI) based on 17 major food groups as well as a genetic risk score (GRS) for obesity consisting of body mass index (BMI)-associated variants. The incidence of cardiovascular events (myocardial infarction, MI, or stroke) was prospectively followed during a mean (SD) 5.1 (0.9) years. RESULTS We found significant interactions between GRS and hPDI on adiposity (Pinteraction <0.0001); adherence to hPDI was more strongly associated with lower levels of adiposity among participants with higher GRS than those with lower GRS. Further, we found a similar pattern of GRS-hPDI interactions on untreated hypertension (Pinteraction = 0.0036). When we tested GRS-hPDI interactions on cardiovascular events, adherence to hPDI was more strongly associated with a decreased risk of MI among people with high GRS (above median) than those with low GRS (Pinteraction = 0.006). Among participants with high GRS, high adherence to hPDI (the top tertile of hPDI) was associated with an HR 0.54 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.74) for MI, as compared to low adherence. CONCLUSIONS Adherence to healthy plant-based dietary patterns significantly attenuated risks of cardiovascular abnormalities for people at genetically higher risk of obesity. Our results support the precision medicine strategies considering genetics and dietary habits to modify cardiovascular health for people at higher risk of genetically determined obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Olsen NJ, Lilienthal Heitmann B. Consumption of sugar‐sweetened beverages and metabolic markers in children – a narrative review of the evidence. NUTR BULL 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Julie Olsen
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - Berit Lilienthal Heitmann
- Research Unit for Dietary Studies, The Parker Institute Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital Frederiksberg Denmark
- The Boden Institute of Obesity, Nutrition, Exercise & Eating Disorders The University of Sydney Sydney Australia
- Section for General Practice Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Denmark
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13
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Chen J, Luo S, Liang X, Luo Y, Li R. The relationship between socioeconomic status and childhood overweight/obesity is linked through paternal obesity and dietary intake: a cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China. Environ Health Prev Med 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-021-00973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The prevalence of obesity and overweight in childhood has increased dramatically over the past decades globally. Thus, the risk factors of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents must be studied.
Objectives
This study aimed to reveal the prevalence of childhood obesity and examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and z-body mass index (z-BMI) via parental obesity and dietary intake using path analysis.
Methods
Stratified cluster sampling was used to select 17,007 participants aged 6–12 years on two avenues per region in urban, suburban, and rural areas. Path analysis was conducted to examine the mediators between SES and z-BMI.
Results
The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 13.36% and 8.60%, respectively, and were positively correlated with the father’s education level, family income, a birth weight > 3000g, a parental obesity history, vegetable intake and red meat intake (all P < 0.05). Four mediators (paternal obesity history, red meat intake, vegetable intake, and nutritional supplements) were observed, and the four path analyses were significant (all P < 0.05). The adjusted total effects on z-BMI were significant for income (βTot = 0.03; P < 0.01), father’s education (βTot = 0.05; P < 0.001), and region (βTot = 0.11; P<0.001), and the total mediation effects were 20.69%, 16.67%, and 5.36%, respectively. All the variables accounted for 12.60% of the z-BMI variance.
Conclusions
The prevalence of overweight/obesity in children was notable, and the relationship between SES and z-BMI was mediated by paternal obesity history and dietary intake.
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14
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Chen J, Luo S, Liang X, Luo Y, Li R. The relationship between socioeconomic status and childhood overweight/obesity is linked through paternal obesity and dietary intake: a cross-sectional study in Chongqing, China. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:56. [PMID: 33947324 PMCID: PMC8097861 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-00973-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity and overweight in childhood has increased dramatically over the past decades globally. Thus, the risk factors of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents must be studied. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to reveal the prevalence of childhood obesity and examine the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and z-body mass index (z-BMI) via parental obesity and dietary intake using path analysis. METHODS Stratified cluster sampling was used to select 17,007 participants aged 6-12 years on two avenues per region in urban, suburban, and rural areas. Path analysis was conducted to examine the mediators between SES and z-BMI. RESULTS The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 13.36% and 8.60%, respectively, and were positively correlated with the father's education level, family income, a birth weight > 3000g, a parental obesity history, vegetable intake and red meat intake (all P < 0.05). Four mediators (paternal obesity history, red meat intake, vegetable intake, and nutritional supplements) were observed, and the four path analyses were significant (all P < 0.05). The adjusted total effects on z-BMI were significant for income (βTot = 0.03; P < 0.01), father's education (βTot = 0.05; P < 0.001), and region (βTot = 0.11; P<0.001), and the total mediation effects were 20.69%, 16.67%, and 5.36%, respectively. All the variables accounted for 12.60% of the z-BMI variance. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight/obesity in children was notable, and the relationship between SES and z-BMI was mediated by paternal obesity history and dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunqing Luo
- Department of Pediatric General Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Jinyu Avenue No.20, Yubei, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiaohua Liang
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yetao Luo
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Rina Li
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Center of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, 400016, China
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15
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Tangestani H, Emamat H, Yekaninejad MS, Keshavarz SA, Mirzaei K. Variants in Circadian Rhythm Gene Cry1 Interacts with Healthy Dietary Pattern for Serum Leptin Levels: a Cross-sectional Study. Clin Nutr Res 2021; 10:48-58. [PMID: 33564652 PMCID: PMC7850819 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2021.10.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption causes obesity and other metabolic disorders. There is no research considering the role of Cryptochromes (Cry) 1 body clock gene and major dietary patterns on serum leptin level and obesity. We aimed to investigate the interaction between Cry1 circadian gene polymorphisms and major dietary patterns on leptin and obesity related measurements. This study was performed on 377 overweight and obese women. Mean age and body mass index (BMI) of study subjects were 36.64 ± 9.02 years and 30.81 ± 3.8 kg/m2, respectively. Dietary assessment was done using a validated 147-item food frequency questionnaire. Cry1 rs2287161 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Generalized linear models were used for interaction analysis. Healthy and unhealthy dietary pattern (HDP and UDP, respectively) were extracted using factor analysis (principal component analysis). Our study revealed a significant higher weight (p = 0.003) and BMI (p = 0.042) in women carrying CC homozygote compared with G allele carriers. Moreover, our findings showed a significant gene-diet interaction between HDP and Cry1 rs2287161 on BMI (p = 0.034) and serum leptin level (p = 0.056) in which, BMI and serum leptin level were lower in subjects with CC genotype than in those with GG genotype while following HDP. This study suggests a significant interaction between Cry1 rs2287161 polymorphisms and HDP on BMI and serum leptin and the lowering effects were apparent among C allele carriers compared to G allele ones. This data highlights the role of dietary pattern in relation of gene and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadith Tangestani
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 75146-33196, Iran
| | - Hadi Emamat
- Student Research Committee, PhD Candidate in Nutrition Sciences, Department and Faculty of Clinical Nutrition Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Mir Saeed Yekaninejad
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 14155-6117, Iran
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16
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Naureen Z, Miggiano GAD, Aquilanti B, Velluti V, Matera G, Gagliardi L, Zulian A, Romanelli R, Bertelli M. Genetic test for the prescription of diets in support of physical activity. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020011. [PMID: 33170161 PMCID: PMC8023120 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the fields of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics today we can think of devising approaches to optimize health, delay onset of diseases and reduce its severity according to our genetic blue print. However this requires a deep understanding of nutritional impact on expression of genes that may result in a specific phenotype. The extensive research and observational studies during last two decades reporting interactions between genes, diet and physical activity suggest a cross talk between various genetic and environmental factors and lifestyle interventions. Although considerable efforts have been made in unraveling the mechanisms of gene-diet interactions the scientific evidences behind developing commercial genetic tests for providing personalized nutrition recommendations are still scarce. In this scenario the current mini-review aims to provide useful insights into salient feature of nutrition based genetic research and its commercial application and the ethical issue and concerns related to its outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakira Naureen
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.
| | | | - Barbara Aquilanti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Valeria Velluti
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Matera
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Lucilla Gagliardi
- UOC Nutrizione Clinica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy; EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy.
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17
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Flores-Dorantes MT, Díaz-López YE, Gutiérrez-Aguilar R. Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:863. [PMID: 32982666 PMCID: PMC7483585 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease in which environmental conditions and several genes play an important role in the development of this disease. Obesity is associated with neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases) and with neurodevelopmental diseases (autism disorder, schizophrenia, and fragile X syndrome). Some of the environmental conditions that lead to obesity are physical activity, alcohol consumption, socioeconomic status, parent feeding behavior, and diet. Interestingly, some of these environmental conditions are shared with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Obesity impairs neurodevelopment abilities as memory and fine-motor skills. Moreover, maternal obesity affects the cognitive function and mental health of the offspring. The common biological mechanisms involved in obesity and neurodegenerative/neurodevelopmental diseases are insulin resistance, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative damage, among others, leading to impaired brain development or cell death. Obesogenic environmental conditions are not the only factors that influence neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. In fact, several genes implicated in the leptin-melanocortin pathway (LEP, LEPR, POMC, BDNF, MC4R, PCSK1, SIM1, BDNF, TrkB, etc.) are associated with obesity and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Moreover, in the last decades, the discovery of new genes associated with obesity (FTO, NRXN3, NPC1, NEGR1, MTCH2, GNPDA2, among others) and with neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases (APOE, CD38, SIRT1, TNFα, PAI-1, TREM2, SYT4, FMR1, TET3, among others) had opened new pathways to comprehend the common mechanisms involved in these diseases. In conclusion, the obesogenic environmental conditions, the genes, and the interaction gene-environment would lead to a better understanding of the etiology of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Flores-Dorantes
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular y Farmacogenómica, Centro de Investigación de Ciencia y Tecnología Aplicada de Tabasco, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Mexico
| | - Yael Efren Díaz-López
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez,”Mexico City, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas: Obesidad y Diabetes, Hospital Infantil de México “Federico Gómez,”Mexico City, Mexico
- División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Mousavizadeh Z, Hosseini-Esfahani F, Javadi A, Daneshpour MS, Akbarzadeh M, Javadi M, Mirmrian P, Azizi F. The interaction between dietary patterns and melanocortin-4 receptor polymorphisms in relation to obesity phenotypes. Obes Res Clin Pract 2020; 14:249-256. [PMID: 32446744 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data shows that interactions between dietary factors and genetic variants can modulate the association of polymorphisms such as the Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene with obesity. Considering the limited data available on this topic we aimed to investigate interactions between dietary patterns (DPs) and MC4R polymorphisms in relation to obesity phenotypes. METHODS This cohort study was performed in the framework of Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study; for eligible participants in this study (n=3850), the median follow-up was 4 years. DPs were determined using factor analysis. The genotypes of polymorphisms (17782313rs and 12970134rs) were identified and their interaction with DPs were assessed in relation to incidence of obesity phenotypes including central obesity, general obesity and visceral adiposity dysfunction. RESULTS The mean age of participants (62.5% females) were 37.0±13.7 years. Two main DPs (healthy and unhealthy) were extracted. C-allele carriers of rs17782313 in higher quartiles of the healthy DP score had a significant decrease in the incidence of general obesity, compared to those who had the TT genotype (HR=0.61, 95% CI=0.42-0.89, P interaction=0.01). For rs12970134 A-allele carriers, subjects in the second compared to the first quartile of the healthy DP score, had a significant decrease in the incidence of general obesity (HR=0.68, 95% CI=0.46-0.99). There were no significant interaction between DPs and MC4R variants in relation to other obesity phenotypes. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the healthy DP could interact with rs17782313 in relation to incidence of general obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Mousavizadeh
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Hosseini-Esfahani
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Javadi
- Department of Social Sciences, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maryam S Daneshpour
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Akbarzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Javadi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran; Children Growth Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Parvin Mirmrian
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Westerman K, Liu Q, Liu S, Parnell LD, Sebastiani P, Jacques P, DeMeo DL, Ordovás JM. A gene-diet interaction-based score predicts response to dietary fat in the Women's Health Initiative. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:893-902. [PMID: 32135010 PMCID: PMC7138684 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although diet response prediction for cardiometabolic risk factors (CRFs) has been demonstrated using single genetic variants and main-effect genetic risk scores, little investigation has gone into the development of genome-wide diet response scores. OBJECTIVE We sought to leverage the multistudy setup of the Women's Health Initiative cohort to generate and test genetic scores for the response of 6 CRFs (BMI, systolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glucose) to dietary fat. METHODS A genome-wide interaction study was undertaken for each CRF in women (n ∼ 9000) not participating in the dietary modification (DM) trial, which focused on the reduction of dietary fat. Genetic scores based on these analyses were developed using a pruning-and-thresholding approach and tested for the prediction of 1-y CRF changes as well as long-term chronic disease development in DM trial participants (n ∼ 5000). RESULTS Only 1 of these genetic scores, for LDL cholesterol, predicted changes in the associated CRF. This 1760-variant score explained 3.7% (95% CI: 0.09, 11.9) of the variance in 1-y LDL cholesterol changes in the intervention arm but was unassociated with changes in the control arm. In contrast, a main-effect genetic risk score for LDL cholesterol was not useful for predicting dietary fat response. Further investigation of this score with respect to downstream disease outcomes revealed suggestive differential associations across DM trial arms, especially with respect to coronary heart disease and stroke subtypes. CONCLUSIONS These results lay the foundation for the combination of many genome-wide gene-diet interactions for diet response prediction while highlighting the need for further research and larger samples in order to achieve robust biomarkers for use in personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Westerman
- Jean Mayer-United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laurence D Parnell
- Jean Mayer-United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Sebastiani
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Jacques
- Jean Mayer-United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Jean Mayer-United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Boston, MA, USA
- Research Institute on Food & Health Sciences, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, Madrid, Spain
- National Cardiovascular Research Center, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Hou R, Panda C, Voruganti VS. Heterogeneity in Metabolic Responses to Dietary Fructose. Front Genet 2019; 10:945. [PMID: 31737029 PMCID: PMC6834945 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fructose has dramatically increased in past few decades in children and adults. Increasing evidence indicates that added sugars (particularly fructose) have adverse effects on metabolism and lead to numerous cardiometabolic diseases. Although both fructose and glucose are components of sucrose and high fructose corn syrup, the sugars have different metabolic fates in the human body and the effects of fructose on health are thought to be more adverse than glucose. Studies have also shown that the metabolic effects of fructose differ between individuals based on their genetic background, as individuals with specific SNPs and risk alleles seem to be more susceptible to the adverse metabolic effects of fructose. The current review discusses the metabolic effects of fructose on key complex diseases and discusses the heterogeneity in metabolic responses to dietary fructose in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixue Hou
- Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Chinmayee Panda
- Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - V Saroja Voruganti
- Department of Nutrition and UNC Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC, United States
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21
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Gene-Environment Interactions on Body Fat Distribution. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153690. [PMID: 31357654 PMCID: PMC6696304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has been increasing markedly in the U.S. and worldwide in the past decades; and notably, the obese populations are signified by not only the overall elevated adiposity but also particularly harmful accumulation of body fat in the central region of the body, namely, abdominal obesity. The profound shift from “traditional” to “obesogenic” environments, principally featured by the abundance of palatable, energy-dense diet, reduced physical activity, and prolonged sedentary time, promotes the obesity epidemics and detrimental body fat distribution. Recent advances in genomics studies shed light on the genetic basis of obesity and body fat distribution. In addition, growing evidence from investigations in large cohorts and clinical trials has lent support to interactions between genetic variations and environmental factors, e.g., diet and lifestyle factors, in relation to obesity and body fat distribution. This review summarizes the recent discoveries from observational studies and randomized clinical trials on the gene–environment interactions on obesity and body fat distribution.
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Hernández-Díazcouder A, Romero-Nava R, Carbó R, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Sánchez-Muñoz F. High Fructose Intake and Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2787. [PMID: 31181590 PMCID: PMC6600229 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In modern societies, high fructose intake from sugar-sweetened beverages has contributed to obesity development. In the diet, sucrose and high fructose corn syrup are the main sources of fructose and can be metabolized in the intestine and transported into the systemic circulation. The liver can metabolize around 70% of fructose intake, while the remaining is metabolized by other tissues. Several tissues including adipose tissue express the main fructose transporter GLUT5. In vivo, chronic fructose intake promotes white adipose tissue accumulation through activating adipogenesis. In vitro experiments have also demonstrated that fructose alone induces adipogenesis by several mechanisms, including (1) triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) production by fructose metabolism, (2) the stimulation of glucocorticoid activation by increasing 11β-HSD1 activity, and (3) the promotion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through uric acid, NOX and XOR expression, mTORC1 signaling and Ang II induction. Moreover, it has been observed that fructose induces adipogenesis through increased ACE2 expression, which promotes high Ang-(1-7) levels, and through the inhibition of the thermogenic program by regulating Sirt1 and UCP1. Finally, microRNAs may also be involved in regulating adipogenesis in high fructose intake conditions. In this paper, we propose further directions for research in fructose participation in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernández-Díazcouder
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
| | - Rodrigo Romero-Nava
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Área de Investigación Médica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Mexico city 09340, Mexico.
- Laboratorio de investigación en Farmacología, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico city 06720, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - L Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatología Renal, Departamento de Nefrología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico city 14080, Mexico.
- Sección de Postgraduados, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico city 11340, Mexico.
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23
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Heianza Y, Qi L. Impact of Genes and Environment on Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease. Endocrinology 2019; 160:81-100. [PMID: 30517623 PMCID: PMC6304107 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and abdominal obesity have been closely related to cardiovascular outcomes, and recent evidence has indicated that environmental and genetic factors act in concert in determining the risks of these conditions. Improving adherence to healthy lifestyle habits and healthy dietary patterns can at least partly counteract genetic variations related to risks of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Other factors, such as epigenetic alterations, may also modulate a relationship between genetic susceptibility and these disorders. In this review, we highlight data from recent studies on gene and environmental risk factors for obesity and CVD, and describe how these findings might inform understanding of the complex roles of interactions between genes and environmental factors in the development of obesity and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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Dos Santos Rocha A, de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva R, Nunes de Oliveira Costa G, Alexandrina Figueiredo C, Cunha Rodrigues L, Maria Alvim Matos S, Leovigildo Fiaccone R, Oliveira PR, Alves-Santos NH, Blanton RE, Lima Barreto M. Food Consumption as a Modifier of the Association between LEPR Gene Variants and Excess Body Weight in Children and Adolescents: A Study of the SCAALA Cohort. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1117. [PMID: 30126176 PMCID: PMC6116060 DOI: 10.3390/nu10081117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
No studies showing that food consumption is a modifier of the association of variants of the leptin receptor gene (LEPR) with body weight have involved a Brazilian population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modifying effect of dietary intake on the association between the LEPR gene and excess weight. In this study, 1211 children and adolescents aged 4⁻11 years were assessed. Participants were genotyped for 112 single-nucleotide variants of the LEPR gene. Anthropometric measurements were performed, and dietary data were obtained. Logistic regressions were used to study the associations of interest. Of the participants, 13.4% were overweight/obese. The risk allele (G) of the rs1137100 variant was associated with excess weight in individuals with fat consumption below the median (odds ratio OR = 1.92; 95% confidence interval CI = 1.18⁻3.14), with daily frequency of consumption of drink/artificial juice (OR = 2.15; 95% CI = 1.26⁻3.68) and refined cereals (OR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.31⁻3.62) above the median. The risk allele (G) of variant rs1177681 was also associated with excess weight (OR = 2.74; 95% CI = 1.65⁻4.57) in subjects with a daily frequency of refined cereal consumption above the median. The association between LEPR and excess weight can be modulated by the type and distribution of dietary fatty acids, sugary drinks, and refined cereals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dos Santos Rocha
- Departamento Ciência da Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 32, Canela, CEP: 40.110-150, Salvador, BA Brasil.
| | - Rita de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva
- Departamento Ciência da Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 32, Canela, CEP: 40.110-150, Salvador, BA Brasil.
| | - Gustavo Nunes de Oliveira Costa
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Osvaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ-Bahia, Av. Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador/BA, CEP: 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
- UNIFACS-Universidade Salvador, Laureate International Universities, Rua Doutor José Peroba, 251, Edf. Civil Empresarial, Sobreloja, STIEP, CEP: 41770-235, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
| | - Camila Alexandrina Figueiredo
- Departamento de Ciências da Biorregulação, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Av. Reitor Miguel Calmon. s/n, Vale do Canela, CEP: 40110-100, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
| | - Laura Cunha Rodrigues
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT UK.
| | - Sheila Maria Alvim Matos
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n, Canela, CEP:40.110-040, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
| | - Rosemeire Leovigildo Fiaccone
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Basílio da Gama, s/n, Canela, CEP:40.110-040, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
- Instituto de Matemática, Universidade Federal da Bahia-Av. Adhemar de Barros, s/n-Ondina, CEP: 40.170-110, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
- Cidacs-Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde, Instituo Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Owaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Parque Tecnológico da Bahia, Rua Mundo, 121, Trobogy, CEP: 41745-715, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
| | - Pablo Rafael Oliveira
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Osvaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ-Bahia, Av. Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador/BA, CEP: 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
- Cidacs-Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde, Instituo Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Owaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Parque Tecnológico da Bahia, Rua Mundo, 121, Trobogy, CEP: 41745-715, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
| | - Nadya Helena Alves-Santos
- Observatório de Epidemiologia Nutricional, Departamento de Nutrição Aplicada e Social, Instituto de Nutrição Josué de Castro, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro-UERJ. CEP: 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
| | - Ronald E Blanton
- Center for Global Health & Diseases, Biomedical Research Building (BRB), Room 425, Case Western Reserve University, 2109 Adelbert Rd, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Maurício Lima Barreto
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz (IGM), Fundação Osvaldo Cruz-FIOCRUZ-Bahia, Av. Waldemar Falcão, 121, Candeal-Salvador/BA, CEP: 40296-710, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
- Cidacs-Centro de Integração de Dados e Conhecimentos para Saúde, Instituo Gonçalo Muniz, Fundação Owaldo Cruz, Ministério da Saúde, Parque Tecnológico da Bahia, Rua Mundo, 121, Trobogy, CEP: 41745-715, Salvador, BA, Brasil.
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25
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Wang DD, Hu FB. Precision nutrition for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018; 6:416-426. [PMID: 29433995 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(18)30037-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Precision nutrition aims to prevent and manage chronic diseases by tailoring dietary interventions or recommendations to one or a combination of an individual's genetic background, metabolic profile, and environmental exposures. Recent advances in genomics, metabolomics, and gut microbiome technologies have offered opportunities as well as challenges in the use of precision nutrition to prevent and manage type 2 diabetes. Nutrigenomics studies have identified genetic variants that influence intake and metabolism of specific nutrients and predict individuals' variability in response to dietary interventions. Metabolomics has revealed metabolomic fingerprints of food and nutrient consumption and uncovered new metabolic pathways that are potentially modified by diet. Dietary interventions have been successful in altering abundance, composition, and activity of gut microbiota that are relevant for food metabolism and glycaemic control. In addition, mobile apps and wearable devices facilitate real-time assessment of dietary intake and provide feedback which can improve glycaemic control and diabetes management. By integrating these technologies with big data analytics, precision nutrition has the potential to provide personalised nutrition guidance for more effective prevention and management of type 2 diabetes. Despite these technological advances, much research is needed before precision nutrition can be widely used in clinical and public health settings. Currently, the field of precision nutrition faces challenges including a lack of robust and reproducible results, the high cost of omics technologies, and methodological issues in study design as well as high-dimensional data analyses and interpretation. Evidence is needed to support the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and additional benefits of precision nutrition beyond traditional nutrition intervention approaches. Therefore, we should manage unrealistically high expectations and balance the emerging field of precision nutrition with public health nutrition strategies to improve diet quality and prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong D Wang
- Department of Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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26
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Martín ISM, Vilar EG, Barrado MR, Barato VP. Soft drink consumption: Do we know what we drink and its implication on health? MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-17158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intake of sugar sweetened beverages has been consistently linked to increased risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, among other diseases. Putative underlying mechanisms include incomplete compensation for liquid calories, adverse glycemic effects, and increased hepatic metabolism of fructose leading to de novo lipogenesis, production of uric acid, and accumulation of visceral and ectopic fat. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to elucidate any existing link between energy-containing liquids, as consumed in various forms within the diet, and the effect they may have on body weight or other diseases; and whether soft drink consumption displaces water consumption. METHODS: A self-administered online survey was conducted in 2496 participants from different countries, in six languages (Spanish, English, Chinese, French, German and Portuguese). Questions referred to their soft drink and water consumption habits, physical exercise performed, presence or absence of certain diseases and medication. RESULTS: There is statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in BMI and consumption of cola per week: those who consumed 0–3 cans a week have a lower BMI than those who consume >7 cans of cola a week. Statistically significant difference (p = 0.02) was found when consuming soft drinks different from cola. There is greater presence of obesity (p < 0.001), gastritis (p < 0.001), constipation (p < 0.001) and mental illness (p = 0.003) among people who drink cola soft drinks. CONCLUSION: Removal of energy-containing beverages from our diet may be an appropriate public health message to support those interested in preventing weight gain as well as other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Garicano Vilar
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA group), Paseo de la Habana, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Rincón Barrado
- Department of Bioinformatics, Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA group), Spain
| | - Víctor Paredes Barato
- Research Centers in Nutrition and Health (CINUSA group), Paseo de la Habana, Madrid, Spain
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27
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Chang X, Dorajoo R, Sun Y, Han Y, Wang L, Khor CC, Sim X, Tai ES, Liu J, Yuan JM, Koh WP, van Dam RM, Friedlander Y, Heng CK. Gene-diet interaction effects on BMI levels in the Singapore Chinese population. Nutr J 2018; 17:31. [PMID: 29477148 PMCID: PMC6389173 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 97 body-mass index (BMI) associated loci. We aimed to evaluate if dietary intake modifies BMI associations at these loci in the Singapore Chinese population. METHODS We utilized GWAS information from six data subsets from two adult Chinese population (N = 7817). Seventy-eight genotyped or imputed index BMI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that passed quality control procedures were available in all datasets. Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI)-2010 score and ten nutrient variables were evaluated. Linear regression analyses between z score transformed BMI (Z-BMI) and dietary factors were performed. Interaction analyses were performed by introducing the interaction term (diet x SNP) in the same regression model. Analysis was carried out in each cohort individually and subsequently meta-analyzed using the inverse-variance weighted method. Analyses were also evaluated with a weighted gene-risk score (wGRS) contructed by BMI index SNPs from recent large-scale GWAS studies. RESULTS Nominal associations between Z-BMI and AHEI-2010 and some dietary factors were identified (P = 0.047-0.010). The BMI wGRS was robustly associated with Z-BMI (P = 1.55 × 10- 15) but not with any dietary variables. Dietary variables did not significantly interact with the wGRS to modify BMI associations. When interaction analyses were repeated using individual SNPs, a significant association between cholesterol intake and rs4740619 (CCDC171) was identified (β = 0.077, adjPinteraction = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS The CCDC171 gene locus may interact with cholesterol intake to increase BMI in the Singaporean Chinese population, however most known obesity risk loci were not associated with dietary intake and did not interact with diet to modify BMI levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuling Chang
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; and Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye Sun
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; and Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Ling Wang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea-Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - E-Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health; and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Unit of Epidemiology, Hebrew University-Hadassah Braun School of Public Health, POB 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore; and Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, NUHS Tower Block, Level 12, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119228, Singapore.
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28
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McKeown NM, Dashti HS, Ma J, Haslam DE, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Smith CE, Tanaka T, Graff M, Lemaitre RN, Rybin D, Sonestedt E, Frazier-Wood AC, Mook-Kanamori DO, Li Y, Wang CA, Leermakers ETM, Mikkilä V, Young KL, Mukamal KJ, Cupples LA, Schulz CA, Chen TA, Li-Gao R, Huang T, Oddy WH, Raitakari O, Rice K, Meigs JB, Ericson U, Steffen LM, Rosendaal FR, Hofman A, Kähönen M, Psaty BM, Brunkwall L, Uitterlinden AG, Viikari J, Siscovick DS, Seppälä I, North KE, Mozaffarian D, Dupuis J, Orho-Melander M, Rich SS, de Mutsert R, Qi L, Pennell CE, Franco OH, Lehtimäki T, Herman MA. Sugar-sweetened beverage intake associations with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations are not modified by selected genetic variants in a ChREBP-FGF21 pathway: a meta-analysis. Diabetologia 2018; 61:317-330. [PMID: 29098321 PMCID: PMC5826559 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are a major dietary contributor to fructose intake. A molecular pathway involving the carbohydrate responsive element-binding protein (ChREBP) and the metabolic hormone fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) may influence sugar metabolism and, thereby, contribute to fructose-induced metabolic disease. We hypothesise that common variants in 11 genes involved in fructose metabolism and the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway may interact with SSB intake to exacerbate positive associations between higher SSB intake and glycaemic traits. METHODS Data from 11 cohorts (six discovery and five replication) in the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium provided association and interaction results from 34,748 adults of European descent. SSB intake (soft drinks, fruit punches, lemonades or other fruit drinks) was derived from food-frequency questionnaires and food diaries. In fixed-effects meta-analyses, we quantified: (1) the associations between SSBs and glycaemic traits (fasting glucose and fasting insulin); and (2) the interactions between SSBs and 18 independent SNPs related to the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway. RESULTS In our combined meta-analyses of discovery and replication cohorts, after adjustment for age, sex, energy intake, BMI and other dietary covariates, each additional serving of SSB intake was associated with higher fasting glucose (β ± SE 0.014 ± 0.004 [mmol/l], p = 1.5 × 10-3) and higher fasting insulin (0.030 ± 0.005 [log e pmol/l], p = 2.0 × 10-10). No significant interactions on glycaemic traits were observed between SSB intake and selected SNPs. While a suggestive interaction was observed in the discovery cohorts with a SNP (rs1542423) in the β-Klotho (KLB) locus on fasting insulin (0.030 ± 0.011 log e pmol/l, uncorrected p = 0.006), results in the replication cohorts and combined meta-analyses were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION In this large meta-analysis, we observed that SSB intake was associated with higher fasting glucose and insulin. Although a suggestive interaction with a genetic variant in the ChREBP-FGF21 pathway was observed in the discovery cohorts, this observation was not confirmed in the replication analysis. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trials related to this study were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005131 (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), NCT00005133 (Cardiovascular Health Study), NCT00005121 (Framingham Offspring Study), NCT00005487 (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) and NCT00005152 (Nurses' Health Study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M McKeown
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Nutrition & Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Jiantao Ma
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Danielle E Haslam
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Global Public Health, Leiden University College, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Caren E Smith
- Nutrition & Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Denis Rybin
- Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexis C Frazier-Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yanping Li
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Vera Mikkilä
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth J Mukamal
- Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Tzu-An Chen
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wendy H Oddy
- Telethon Kids Institute, Subiaco, WA, Australia
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Group Health Research Institute, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Louise Brunkwall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study and Population Sciences Branch, Framingham, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Herman
- Division Of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Zhao W, Ware EB, He Z, Kardia SLR, Faul JD, Smith JA. Interaction between Social/Psychosocial Factors and Genetic Variants on Body Mass Index: A Gene-Environment Interaction Analysis in a Longitudinal Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14101153. [PMID: 28961216 PMCID: PMC5664654 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, which develops over time, is one of the leading causes of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease. However, hundreds of BMI (body mass index)-associated genetic loci identified through large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) only explain about 2.7% of BMI variation. Most common human traits are believed to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Past studies suggest a variety of environmental features that are associated with obesity, including socioeconomic status and psychosocial factors. This study combines both gene/regions and environmental factors to explore whether social/psychosocial factors (childhood and adult socioeconomic status, social support, anger, chronic burden, stressful life events, and depressive symptoms) modify the effect of sets of genetic variants on BMI in European American and African American participants in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). In order to incorporate longitudinal phenotype data collected in the HRS and investigate entire sets of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within gene/region simultaneously, we applied a novel set-based test for gene-environment interaction in longitudinal studies (LGEWIS). Childhood socioeconomic status (parental education) was found to modify the genetic effect in the gene/region around SNP rs9540493 on BMI in European Americans in the HRS. The most significant SNP (rs9540488) by childhood socioeconomic status interaction within the rs9540493 gene/region was suggestively replicated in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) (p = 0.07).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Erin B Ware
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.
| | - Zihuai He
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.
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30
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de Toro-Martín J, Arsenault BJ, Després JP, Vohl MC. Precision Nutrition: A Review of Personalized Nutritional Approaches for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 2017; 9:E913. [PMID: 28829397 PMCID: PMC5579706 DOI: 10.3390/nu9080913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The translation of the growing increase of findings emerging from basic nutritional science into meaningful and clinically relevant dietary advices represents nowadays one of the main challenges of clinical nutrition. From nutrigenomics to deep phenotyping, many factors need to be taken into account in designing personalized and unbiased nutritional solutions for individuals or population sub-groups. Likewise, a concerted effort among basic, clinical scientists and health professionals will be needed to establish a comprehensive framework allowing the implementation of these new findings at the population level. In a world characterized by an overwhelming increase in the prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic disturbances, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, tailored nutrition prescription represents a promising approach for both the prevention and management of metabolic syndrome. This review aims to discuss recent works in the field of precision nutrition analyzing most relevant aspects affecting an individual response to lifestyle/nutritional interventions. Latest advances in the analysis and monitoring of dietary habits, food behaviors, physical activity/exercise and deep phenotyping will be discussed, as well as the relevance of novel applications of nutrigenomics, metabolomics and microbiota profiling. Recent findings in the development of precision nutrition are highlighted. Finally, results from published studies providing examples of new avenues to successfully implement innovative precision nutrition approaches will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan de Toro-Martín
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
| | - Jean-Pierre Després
- Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec City, QC G1V 4G5, Canada.
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- School of Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Eney AE, Tsang S, Delaney JA, Turkheimer E, Duncan GE. Cross-sectional association between soda consumption and body mass index in a community-based sample of twins. Nutr J 2017; 16:48. [PMID: 28830440 PMCID: PMC5568062 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0269-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, such as soda, have been shown to play an important role in weight gain. Although soda consumption has been associated with body mass index (BMI) in many studies, it has been difficult to ascertain a true causal relationship between soda consumption and BMI for two reasons. First, findings have been based largely on observational and cross-sectional studies, with much less evidence from randomized controlled trials. Second, the reported relationships may be confounded by genetic and shared environmental factors that affect both soda consumption and BMI. In the present study, we used the twin design to better understand the relationship between soda consumption and BMI by accounting for measured and unmeasured confounds in non-experimental data. Associations from genetically informed tests in twins are considered "quasi-causal," suggesting that our confidence in the causal underpinning of the association between soda consumption and BMI has been strengthened. We hypothesized that the association between soda consumption and BMI would be significant both between and within twins. METHODS This was a cross sectional study of 5787 same sex adult twin pairs (18-97 years, 66% female) from the community based Washington State Twin Registry. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to investigate associations between soda consumption and BMI in the population (the phenotypic association between exposure and outcome among all twins treated as individuals) and within pairs of identical and fraternal twins (the quasi-causal association controlling for between pair genetic and environmental confounds). RESULTS Among all twins, there was a significant phenotypic association between soda consumption and BMI that held when controlling for age, sex, race, annual household income, and education level (P < 0.05). In the quasi-causal model, however, the effect of soda consumption on BMI was greatly reduced and no longer significant, with a large genetic confound in both men and women (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Among a large group of adult twin pairs, increased soda consumption was associated with increased BMI; however, the observed association was mediated by a genetic background common to both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Eney
- Nutritional Sciences Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-3410, USA
| | - Siny Tsang
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032-2697, USA
| | - Joseph A Delaney
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195-7236, USA
| | - Eric Turkheimer
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4400, USA
| | - Glen E Duncan
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, Washington State University - Health Sciences Spokane, Box 1495, Spokane, WA, 99210-1495, USA.
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Frantsve-Hawley J, Bader JD, Welsh JA, Wright JT. A systematic review of the association between consumption of sugar-containing beverages and excess weight gain among children under age 12. J Public Health Dent 2017; 77 Suppl 1:S43-S66. [PMID: 28556932 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A systematic review was conducted to address this clinical question: Does consumption of (non-dairy) sugar-containing beverages (SCBs) among children under age 12 result in excess weight gain? METHODS The authors searched four databases for controlled trials (randomized and non-randomized) and cohort studies published in English through March 29, 2016: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, CINAHL. Initial and full-text screening, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment were performed independently and in duplicate. RESULTS Thirty-eight studies met inclusion criteria for this systematic review. One was a randomized controlled trial, and 37 were cohort studies. Though the results of these studies were mixed, the majority demonstrated a statistically significant positive association between SCB consumption in children under age 12 and total adiposity and central adiposity. In contrast, most studies that assessed 100 percent fruit juice consumption only with either total adiposity or central adiposity did not support an association. Among only children under age 5 at baseline, no studies examined central adiposity, but nearly all studies examining SCBs and total adiposity, and a majority examining only fruit juice consumption, demonstrated a statistically significant positive association. CONCLUSION Our results support a statistically significant positive association between SCBs and total and central adiposity among children under age 12. This association is most consistent for total adiposity among children <5. Our results for 100 percent fruit juice only suggest differences by age, as most studies among those < 12 were negative but most among those <5 were positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Frantsve-Hawley
- American Association of Public Health Dentistry, Springfield, IL, USA; College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James D Bader
- School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jean A Welsh
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Wellness Department, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Nutrition and Health Sciences Doctoral Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Timothy Wright
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, UNC School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Heianza Y, Qi L. Gene-Diet Interaction and Precision Nutrition in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040787. [PMID: 28387720 PMCID: PMC5412371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise of obesity during the past decades has coincided with a profound shift of our living environment, including unhealthy dietary patterns, a sedentary lifestyle, and physical inactivity. Genetic predisposition to obesity may have interacted with such an obesogenic environment in determining the obesity epidemic. Growing studies have found that changes in adiposity and metabolic response to low-calorie weight loss diets might be modified by genetic variants related to obesity, metabolic status and preference to nutrients. This review summarized data from recent studies of gene-diet interactions, and discussed integration of research of metabolomics and gut microbiome, as well as potential application of the findings in precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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34
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Corella D, Coltell O, Mattingley G, Sorlí JV, Ordovas JM. Utilizing nutritional genomics to tailor diets for the prevention of cardiovascular disease: a guide for upcoming studies and implementations. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2017; 17:495-513. [PMID: 28337931 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2017.1311208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Personalized diets based on an individual's genome to optimize the success of dietary intervention and reduce genetic cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, is one of the challenges most frequently discussed in the scientific community. Areas covered: The authors gathered literature-based evidence on nutritional genomics and CVD phenotypes, our own results and research experience to provide a critical overview of the current situation of using nutritional genomics to tailor diets for CVD prevention and to propose guidelines for future studies and implementations. Expert commentary: Hundreds of studies on gene-diet interactions determining CVD intermediate (plasma lipids, hypertension, etc.) and final phenotypes (stroke, etc.) have furnished top-level scientific evidence for claiming that the genetic effect in cardiovascular risk is not deterministic, but can be modified by diet. However, despite the many results obtained, there are still gaps in practically applying a personalized diet design to specific genotypes. Hence, a better systemization and methodological improvement of new studies is required to obtain top-level evidence that will allow their application in the future precision nutrition/medicine. The authors propose several recommendations for tackling new approaches and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Corella
- a Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.,b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Oscar Coltell
- b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain.,c Department of Computer Languages and Systems, School of Technology and Experimental Sciences , Universitat Jaume I , Castellón , Spain
| | - George Mattingley
- a Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain
| | - José V Sorlí
- a Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine , University of Valencia , Valencia , Spain.,b CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición , Instituto de Salud Carlos III , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- d Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory , JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA , USA
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Haslam DE, McKeown NM, Herman MA, Lichtenstein AH, Dashti HS. Interactions between Genetics and Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption on Health Outcomes: A Review of Gene-Diet Interaction Studies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:368. [PMID: 29375475 PMCID: PMC5767076 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), which includes soft drinks, fruit drinks, and other energy drinks, is associated with excess energy intake and increased risk for chronic metabolic disease among children and adults. Thus, reducing SSB consumption is an important strategy to prevent the onset of chronic diseases, and achieve and maintain a healthy body weight. The mechanisms by which excessive SSB consumption may contribute to complex chronic diseases may partially depend on an individual's genetic predisposition. Gene-SSB interaction investigations, either limited to single genetic loci or including multiple genetic variants, aim to use genomic information to define mechanistic pathways linking added sugar consumption from SSBs to those complex diseases. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available gene-SSB interaction studies investigating the relationships between genetics, SSB consumption, and various health outcomes. Current evidence suggests there are genetic predispositions for an association between SSB intake and adiposity; evidence for a genetic predisposition between SSB and type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E. Haslam
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nicola M. McKeown
- Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Mark A. Herman
- Division Of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alice H. Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hassan S. Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hassan S. Dashti,
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