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Chen X, Fu L, Zhu Z, Wang Y. Exploring the association between dietary fiber intake and hepatic steatosis: insights from NHANES. BMC Gastroenterol 2024; 24:160. [PMID: 38730369 PMCID: PMC11088015 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-024-03256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The link between dietary fiber intake and Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is under exploration, yielding inconsistent findings. Considering the limitations of previous research and the significance of dietary fiber in hepatic steatosis, this study investigates the association between dietary fiber intake and Controlled Attenuation Parameter (CAP) among 5935 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). MATERIALS AND METHODS Multivariable regression was used to evaluate the association between dietary fiber intake and CAP. Smoothed curve fitting and threshold effect analysis techniques were applied to illustrate non-linear relationships. RESULTS After adjusting for other variables, a negative correlation emerged between dietary fiber intake and CAP. Subgroup analysis by gender and race/ethnicity revealed a sustained negative association between dietary fiber intake and CAP among females and Whites. Additionally, an inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between dietary fiber intake and CAP among women and other race, with inflection points at 13.80 g/day and 33.45 g/day, respectively. CONCLUSION Our research indicates that in the majority of Americans, there is an inverse relationship between dietary fiber intake and hepatic steatosis. This relationship exhibits an inverted U-shaped curve in women and other race, with a threshold effect. The findings of this study hold potential significance for clinical nutrition interventions, personalized dietary guidance, and advancing research into the diet-disease mechanism relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Chen
- Clinical Research Center, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P.R. China
| | - Liying Fu
- Voluntary Blood Donation Service Center of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P.R. China
| | - Zhongxin Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P.R. China
| | - Yunchao Wang
- Department of General Practice, The First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, No. 199 South Shixin Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, P.R. China.
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Xia P, Zheng Y, Sun L, Chen W, Shang L, Li J, Hou T, Li B. Regulation of glycose and lipid metabolism and application based on the colloidal nutrition science properties of konjac glucomannan: A comprehensive review. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121849. [PMID: 38388033 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of dietary fiber in the gastrointestinal tract, such as hydration properties, adsorption properties, rheological properties, have an important influence on the physiological process of host digestion and absorption, leading to the differences in satiety and glucose and lipid metabolisms. Based on the diversified physicochemical properties of konjac glucomannan (KGM), it is meaningful to review the relationship of structural characteristics, physicochemical properties and glycose and lipid metabolism. Firstly, this paper bypassed the category of intestinal microbes, and explained the potential of dietary fiber in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism during nutrient digestion and absorption from the perspective of colloidal nutrition. Secondly, the modification methods of KGM to regulate its physicochemical properties were discussed and the relationship between KGM's molecular structure types and glycose and lipid metabolism were summarized. Finally, based on the characteristics of KGM, the application of KGM in the main material and ingredients of fat reduction food was reviewed. We hope this work could provide theoretical basis for the study of dietary fiber colloid nutrition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengkui Xia
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Sun
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenxin Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Longchen Shang
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi 445000, China
| | - Jing Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Tao Hou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Martinez TM, Wachsmuth HR, Meyer RK, Weninger SN, Lane AI, Kangath A, Schiro G, Laubitz D, Stern JH, Duca FA. Differential effects of plant-based flours on metabolic homeostasis and the gut microbiota in high-fat fed rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2023; 20:44. [PMID: 37858106 PMCID: PMC10585811 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-023-00767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is a salient contributor to the development of obesity, and diet is the greatest modifier of the gut microbiome, which highlights the need to better understand how specific diets alter the gut microbiota to impact metabolic disease. Increased dietary fiber intake shifts the gut microbiome and improves energy and glucose homeostasis. Dietary fibers are found in various plant-based flours which vary in fiber composition. However, the comparative efficacy of specific plant-based flours to improve energy homeostasis and the mechanism by which this occurs is not well characterized. METHODS In experiment 1, obese rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) supplemented with four different plant-based flours for 12 weeks. Barley flour (BF), oat bran (OB), wheat bran (WB), and Hi-maize amylose (HMA) were incorporated into the HFD at 5% or 10% total fiber content and were compared to a HFD control. For experiment 2, lean, chow-fed rats were switched to HFD supplemented with 10% WB or BF to determine the preventative efficacy of flour supplementation. RESULTS In experiment 1, 10% BF and 10% WB reduced body weight and adiposity gain and increased cecal butyrate. Gut microbiota analysis of WB and BF treated rats revealed increases in relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. 10% WB and BF were also efficacious in preventing HFD-induced obesity; 10% WB and BF decreased body weight and adiposity, improved glucose tolerance, and reduced inflammatory markers and lipogenic enzyme expression in liver and adipose tissue. These effects were accompanied by alterations in the gut microbiota including increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus and LachnospiraceaeUCG001, along with increased portal taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) in 10% WB and BF rats compared to HFD rats. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic and preventative supplementation with 10%, but not 5%, WB or BF improves metabolic homeostasis, which is possibly due to gut microbiome-induced alterations. Specifically, these effects are proposed to be due to increased concentrations of intestinal butyrate and circulating TDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor M Martinez
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hallie R Wachsmuth
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Rachel K Meyer
- School of Nutritional Science and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Savanna N Weninger
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adelina I Lane
- Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Archana Kangath
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, ACBS Building, 1117 E Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85711, USA
| | - Gabriele Schiro
- The PANDA Core for Genomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel Laubitz
- The PANDA Core for Genomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer H Stern
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, University of Arizona, ACBS Building, 1117 E Lowell St., Tucson, AZ, 85711, USA.
- BIO 5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Aljahdali BA, Bajaber AS, Al-Nouri DM, Al-Khalifah AS, Arzoo S, Alasmari AA. The Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Metabolic Syndromes in Diet-Induced Rodent Models. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1336. [PMID: 37374119 DOI: 10.3390/life13061336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary macronutrients are essential for metabolic regulation and insulin function. The present study examined the effects of different high-fat diets (HFDs) and high-carbohydrate diets (HCDs) on the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome indices in healthy adult male Wistar albino rats. Forty-two rats were distributed into six groups (n = 7), which were fed the following for 22 weeks: (1) a control diet; (2) a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet (HCD-LFD); (3) high-saturated-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (HSF-LCD); (4) a high-monounsaturated-fat diet (HMUSF); (5) a high medium-chain fat diet (HMCF); and a (6) a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet (HCHF). In comparison to the control, the body weight increased in all the groups. The HSF-LCD group showed the highest levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, hepatic enzyme, insulin resistance, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance. A liver histology analysis of the HSF-LCD group showed macrovesicular hepatic steatosis associated with large hepatic vacuolation. Additionally, it showed marked periportal fibrosis, especially around the blood vessels and blood capillaries. The lowest levels of fasting glycemia, insulin, and HOMA-IR were observed in the HCHF group. In conclusion, these findings show that dietary saturated fat and cholesterol are principal components in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats, while fiber showed the greatest improvement in glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayan Abdulhafid Aljahdali
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Salem Bajaber
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doha M Al-Nouri
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Saleh Al-Khalifah
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaista Arzoo
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Abdullah Alasmari
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 1495, Saudi Arabia
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Alharthi AS, Alruwaili NW, Al-Baadani HH, Al-Garadi MA, Shamlan G, Alhidary IA. Investigating the Effect of Pulicaria jaubertii as a Natural Feed Additive on the Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry, Immunological Response, and Cecal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061116. [PMID: 36978656 PMCID: PMC10044572 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on the biologically active compounds of Pulicaria jaubertii studied so far, there are no studies on the use of this plant in broilers. Therefore, the present study aims is to investigate the effect of Pulicaria jaubertii on the performance, blood biochemistry, internal organs, gene expression related to immune response, and the cecal microbiota of broiler chickens. A total of two hundred and forty male broilers were used and divided into four diet groups (T1 = 0, T2 = 3, T3 = 6, and T4 = 9 g Pulicaria jaubertii powder/kg basal diet). The performance evaluation, serum biochemical parameters, internal organ indicators, cytokines' gene expression, and microbiota colonization were determined. The study results showed that this plant was rich in nutrients, some fatty acids, and bioactive phenolic compounds. All growth performance indicators and relative liver weight were improved by Pulicaria jaubertii levels (T2 to T4) with no effect on feed intake. T3 and T4 showed higher total protein and lower triglycerides and total cholesterol. Birds fed Pulicaria jaubertii showed immune regulation through the modulation of pre-inflammatory cytokines and increased mucin-2 and secretory Immunoglobulin A compared with the control group. Diet groups (T2 to T4) had higher quantities of Lactobacillus spp. and lower levels of Salmonella spp. than the control group. We conclude that Pulicaria jaubertii could be used as a feed supplement for broilers due to its beneficial effects on overall performance, immune response, and microbiota. Further studies are recommended to investigate the potential mechanism of Pulicaria jaubertii in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman S Alharthi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawaf W Alruwaili
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani H Al-Baadani
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maged A Al-Garadi
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghalia Shamlan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 11451, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Alhidary
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Optical Biomedical Imaging Reveals Criteria for Violated Liver Regenerative Potential. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030479. [PMID: 36766821 PMCID: PMC9914457 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce the risk of post-hepatectomy liver failure in patients with hepatic pathologies, it is necessary to develop an approach to express the intraoperative assessment of the liver's regenerative potential. Traditional clinical methods do not enable the prediction of the function of the liver remnant. Modern label-free bioimaging, using multiphoton microscopy in combination with second harmonic generation (SHG) and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), can both expand the possibilities for diagnosing liver pathologies and for assessing the regenerative potential of the liver. Using multiphoton and SHG microscopy, we assessed the structural state of liver tissue at different stages of induced steatosis and fibrosis before and after 70% partial hepatectomy in rats. Using FLIM, we also performed a detailed analysis of the metabolic state of the hepatocytes. We were able to determine criteria that can reveal a lack of regenerative potential in violated liver, such as the presence of zones with reduced NAD(P)H autofluorescence signals. Furthermore, for a liver with pathology, there was an absence of the jump in the fluorescence lifetime contributions of the bound form of NADH and NADPH the 3rd day after hepatectomy that is characteristic of normal liver regeneration. Such results are associated with decreased intensity of oxidative phosphorylation and of biosynthetic processes in pathological liver, which is the reason for the impaired liver recovery. This modern approach offers an effective tool that can be successfully translated into the clinic for express, intraoperative assessment of the regenerative potential of the pathological liver of a patient.
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Ahmed AA, Musa HH, Essa MEA, Mollica A, Zengin G, Ahmad H, Adam SY. Inhibition of obesity through alterations of C/EBP- α gene expression by gum Arabic in mice with a high-fat feed diet. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2022.100231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Wang Z, Wang W, Xu S, Ding J, Zeng X, Liu H, Wang F. Diets enriched with finely ground wheat bran alter digesta passage rate and composition of the gut microbiome in sows. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2022; 12:32-41. [PMID: 36381066 PMCID: PMC9641164 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of finely ground wheat bran on the nutrient digestibility, digesta passage rate, and gut microbiota structure in sows. A 3 × 3 Latin square design with 3 test periods and 3 experimental diets was used. Six non-pregnant sows (parity: 5 to 7) were randomly assigned to 3 experimental diets with 2 replicates per treatment in each period. Each period lasted 19 d (12 d for adaptation and 7 d for experiment). The experimental diets included (a) a basal corn and soybean meal diet (CON), (b) a basal diet with 20% coarse wheat bran (CWB; particle size: 605 μm), and (c) a basal diet with 20% fine wheat bran (FWB; particle size: 438 μm). The results demonstrated that the apparent total tract digestibility of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and energy were reduced (P < 0.05) in the FWB and CWB groups compared with those in the CON group. Viscosity of digesta increased (P < 0.001) in FWB-fed sows. The passage rate of digesta from the mouth to the ileum decreased (P < 0.001) in FWB-fed sows. Peptide YY (PYY) concentration increased (P = 0.01) in FWB-fed sows after 30 min of feeding. In the FWB group, the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae at the family level increased (P < 0.05) in the ileal digesta. At the class level, the relative abundance of Clostridia in feces decreased (P < 0.05) in FWB-fed sows. FWB enhanced the concentration of butyrate in feces compared with CON and CWB (P = 0.04). These results suggest that dietary supplementation with finely ground wheat bran reduces the passage rate of digesta, increases the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, and elevates the concentration of short-chain fatty acids and PYY in sows. These findings indicate that the addition of finely-ground wheat bran to the diets of sows is more effective than using coarse wheat bran for improving their satiety and intestinal microbial composition. Nutrient digestibility and digesta characteristics between bran types were compared Finely-ground wheat bran increases digesta viscosity, reduces its passage rate and increases retention time in the total intestine Finely-ground wheat bran increases short-chain fatty acids and relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms Diets enriched in finely-ground wheat bran improve digestive physiology of sows
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Ghaddar B, Gence L, Veeren B, Bringart M, Bascands JL, Meilhac O, Diotel N. Aqueous Extract of Psiloxylon mauritianum, Rich in Gallic Acid, Prevents Obesity and Associated Deleterious Effects in Zebrafish. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071309. [PMID: 35883799 PMCID: PMC9312056 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions, and its prevalence tripled worldwide between 1975 and 2016, especially in Reunion Island, a French overseas region. Psiloxylon mauritianum, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island registered in the French pharmacopeia, has recently gained interest in combating metabolic disorders because of its traditional lipid-lowering and “anti-diabetic” use. However, scientific data are lacking regarding its toxicity and its real benefits on metabolic diseases. In this study, we aim to determine the toxicity of an aqueous extract of P. mauritianum on zebrafish eleutheroembryos following the OECD toxicity assay (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, guidelines 36). After defining a non-toxic dose, we determined by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) that this extract is rich in gallic acid but contains also caffeoylquinic acid, kaempferol and quercetin, as well as their respective derivatives. We also showed that the non-toxic dose exhibits lipid-lowering effects in a high-fat-diet zebrafish larvae model. In a next step, we demonstrated its preventive effects on body weight gain, hyperglycemia and liver steatosis in a diet-induced obesity model (DIO) performed in adults. It also limited the deleterious effects of overfeeding on the central nervous system (i.e., cerebral oxidative stress, blood-brain barrier breakdown, neuro-inflammation and blunted neurogenesis). Interestingly, adult DIO fish treated with P. mauritianum display normal feeding behavior but higher feces production. This indicates that the “anti-weight-gain” effect is probably due to the action of P. mauritianum on the intestinal lipid absorption and/or on the microbiota, leading to the increase in feces production. Therefore, in our experimental conditions, the aqueous extract of P. mauritianum exhibited “anti-weight-gain” properties, which prevented the development of obesity and its deleterious effects at the peripheral and central levels. These effects should be further investigated in preclinical models of obese/diabetic mice, as well as the impact of P. mauritianum on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batoul Ghaddar
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
| | - Laura Gence
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
| | - Bryan Veeren
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
| | - Matthieu Bringart
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
| | - Jean-Loup Bascands
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
- CHU de La Réunion, 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188, Diabète Athérothrombose Thérapies Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), 97400 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France; (B.G.); (L.G.); (B.V.); (M.B.); (J.-L.B.); (O.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Efficiency Assessment of Bacterial Cellulose on Lowering Lipid Levels In Vitro and Improving Lipid Metabolism In Vivo. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113495. [PMID: 35684437 PMCID: PMC9182494 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is well known as a high-performance dietary fiber. This study investigates the adsorption capacity of BC for cholesterol, sodium cholate, unsaturated oil, and heavy metal ions in vitro. Further, a hyperlipidemia mouse model was constructed to investigate the effects of BC on lipid metabolism, antioxidant levels, and intestinal microflora. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of BC for cholesterol, sodium cholate, Pb2+ and Cr6+ were 11.910, 16.149, 238.337, 1.525 and 1.809 mg/g, respectively. Additionally, BC reduced the blood lipid levels, regulated the peroxide levels, and ameliorated the liver injury in hyperlipidemia mice. Analysis of the intestinal flora revealed that BC improved the bacterial community of intestinal microflora in hyperlipidemia mice. It was found that the abundance of Bacteroidetes was increased, while the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria was decreased at the phylum level. In addition, increased abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae were obtained at the genus level. These changes were supposed to be beneficial to the activities of intestinal microflora. To conclude, the findings prove the role of BC in improving lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia mice and provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of BC in functional food.
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Mohamed AB, Rémond D, Gual-Grau A, Bernalier-Donnadille A, Capel F, Michalski MC, Laugerette F, Cohade B, Hafnaoui N, Béchet D, Coudy-Gandilhon C, Gueugneau M, Salles J, Migné C, Dardevet D, David J, Polakof S, Savary-Auzeloux I. A Mix of Dietary Fibres Changes Interorgan Nutrients Exchanges and Muscle-Adipose Energy Handling in Overfed Mini-Pigs. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124202. [PMID: 34959754 PMCID: PMC8704711 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the capacity of a bread enriched with fermentable dietary fibres to modulate the metabolism and nutrients handling between tissues, gut and peripheral, in a context of overfeeding. Net fluxes of glucose, lactate, urea, short chain fatty acids (SCFA), and amino acids were recorded in control and overfed female mini-pigs supplemented or not with fibre-enriched bread. SCFA in fecal water and gene expressions, but not protein levels or metabolic fluxes, were measured in muscle, adipose tissue, and intestine. Fibre supplementation increased the potential for fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial activity in muscle (acox, ucp2, sdha and cpt1-m, p < 0.05) as well as main regulatory transcription factors of metabolic activity such as pparα, pgc-1α and nrf2. All these features were associated with a reduced muscle fibre cross sectional area, resembling to controls (i.e., lean phenotype). SCFA may be direct inducers of these cross-talk alterations, as their feces content (+52%, p = 0.05) was increased in fibre-supplemented mini-pigs. The SCFA effects could be mediated at the gut level by an increased production of incretins (increased gcg mRNA, p < 0.05) and an up-regulation of SCFA receptors (increased gpr41 mRNA, p < 0.01). Hence, consumption of supplemented bread with fermentable fibres can be an appropriate strategy to activate muscle energy catabolism and limit the establishment of an obese phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ben Mohamed
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Didier Rémond
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Andreu Gual-Grau
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Annick Bernalier-Donnadille
- Unité de Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé, Unité Mixte de Recherches 0454, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Frédéric Capel
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Marie-Caroline Michalski
- CarMeN Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherches 1397, INRAE/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France; (M.-C.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Fabienne Laugerette
- CarMeN Laboratory, Unité Mixte de Recherches 1397, INRAE/Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France; (M.-C.M.); (F.L.)
| | - Benoit Cohade
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Noureddine Hafnaoui
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Daniel Béchet
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Cécile Coudy-Gandilhon
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Marine Gueugneau
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Jerome Salles
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Carole Migné
- MetaboHUB Clermont, Plateforme d’Exploration du Métabolisme, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Dominique Dardevet
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Jérémie David
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Sergio Polakof
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Isabelle Savary-Auzeloux
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Unité Mixte de Recherches 1019, Université Clermont Auvergne, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.B.M.); (D.R.); (A.G.-G.); (F.C.); (B.C.); (N.H.); (D.B.); (C.C.-G.); (M.G.); (J.S.); (D.D.); (J.D.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Inhibition of α-amylase activity by insoluble and soluble dietary fibers from kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gum Arabic modifies anti-inflammatory cytokine in mice fed with high fat diet induced obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2020.100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Nie Y, Luo F. Dietary Fiber: An Opportunity for a Global Control of Hyperlipidemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5542342. [PMID: 33897940 PMCID: PMC8052145 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5542342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber has a long history in the intervention study of hyperlipidemia. In this review, current understandings of structures, sources, and natures of various kinds of dietary fibers (DFs) were analyzed first. Available evidences for the use of different varieties of DFs in the lipid-lowering action both in vitro and in vivo were subsequently classified, including both soluble ones, such as glucans, pectins, and gums, and insoluble ones, including arabinooxylans and chitosans, in order to draw a primary conclusion of their dose and molecular weight relationship with lipid-lowering effect. Their potential mechanisms, especially the related molecular mechanism of protective action in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, were summarized at last. Five major mechanisms are believed to be responsible for the antihyperlipidemic benefits of DFs, including low levels of energy, bulking effect, viscosity, binding capacity, and fermentation thus ameliorating the symptoms of hyperlipidemia. From the molecular level, DFs could possibly affect the activities of HMG-CoA reductase, LDL receptors, CYP7A1, and MAPK signaling pathway as well as other lipid metabolism-related target genes. In summary, dietary fibers could be used as alternative supplements to exert certain lipid-lowering effects on humans. However, more clinical evidence is needed to strengthen this proposal and its fully underlying mechanism still requires more investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Nie
- School of Food Technology and Biological Science, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Feijun Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
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15
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Diesinger T, Lautwein A, Buko V, Belonovskaya E, Lukivskaya O, Naruta E, Kirko S, Andreev V, Dvorsky R, Buckert D, Bergler S, Renz C, Müller‐Enoch D, Wirth T, Haehner T. ω-Imidazolyl-alkyl derivatives as new preclinical drug candidates for treating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14795. [PMID: 33769703 PMCID: PMC7995547 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-associated reactive oxygen species production plays an important role in the development and progression of inflammatory liver diseases such as alcoholic steatohepatitis. We developed two new inhibitors for this isoenzyme, namely 12-imidazolyl-1-dodecanol (I-ol) and 1-imidazolyldodecane (I-an), and aimed to test their effects on non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The fat-rich and CYP2E1 inducing Lieber-DeCarli diet was administered over 16 weeks of the experimental period to induce the disease in a rat model, and the experimental substances were administered simultaneously over the last four weeks. The high-fat diet (HFD) pathologically altered the balance of reactive oxygen species and raised the activities of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AP) and γ-glutamyl-transferase (γ-GT); lowered the level of adiponectine and raised the one of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α; increased the hepatic triglyceride and phospholipid content and diminished the serum HDL cholesterol concentration. Together with the histological findings, we concluded that the diet led to the development of NASH. I-ol and, to a lesser extent, I-an shifted the pathological values toward the normal range, despite the continued administration of the noxious agent (HFD). The hepatoprotective drug ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which is used off-label in clinical practice, showed a lower effectiveness overall. I-ol, in particular, showed extremely good tolerability during the acute toxicity study in rats. Therefore, cytochrome P450 2E1 may be considered a suitable drug target, with I-ol and I-an being promising drug candidates for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Diesinger
- Chair of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health/School of MedicineWitten/Herdecke UniversityWittenGermany
- Department of Internal MedicineNeu‐Ulm HospitalNeu‐UlmGermany
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Alfred Lautwein
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Vyacheslav Buko
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
- Department of BiotechnologyUniversity of Medical SciencesBiałystokPoland
| | - Elena Belonovskaya
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
| | - Oksana Lukivskaya
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
| | - Elena Naruta
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
| | - Siarhei Kirko
- Division of Biochemical PharmacologyInstitute of Biochemistry of Biologically Active CompoundsNational Academy of SciencesBulvar Leninskogo KomsomolaGrodnoBelarus
| | - Viktor Andreev
- Department of Medical Biology and GeneticsGrodno State Medical UniversityGrodnoBelarus
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IIMedical Faculty of the Heinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular PhysiologyDortmundGermany
| | - Dominik Buckert
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
- Department of Internal Medicine IIUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
| | | | - Christian Renz
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | | | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
| | - Thomas Haehner
- Institute of Physiological ChemistryUniversity of UlmUlmGermany
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Abernathy BE, Schoenfuss TC, Bailey AS, Gallaher DD. Polylactose Exhibits Prebiotic Activity and Reduces Adiposity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Nutr 2020; 151:352-360. [PMID: 33382431 PMCID: PMC8096245 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prebiotic dietary fibers change the intestinal microbiome favorably and provide a health benefit to the host. OBJECTIVES Polylactose is a novel fiber, synthesized by extrusion of lactose. We evaluated its prebiotic activity by determining its fermentability, effect on the microbiota, and effects on adiposity and liver lipids in a diet-induced obesity animal model. METHODS Male Wistar rats (4-5 wk old) were fed normal-fat (NF, 25% fat energy) or high-fat (HF, 51% fat energy) diets containing different fibers (6% fiber of interest and 3% cellulose, by weight), including cellulose (NFC and HFC, negative and positive controls, respectively), polylactose (HFPL), lactose matched to residual lactose in the HFPL diet, and 2 established prebiotic fibers: polydextrose (HFPD) and fructooligosaccharide (HFFOS). After 10 wk of feeding, organs were harvested and cecal contents collected. RESULTS HFPL animals had greater cecum weight (3 times greater than HFC) and lower cecal pH (∼1 pH unit lower than HFC) than all other groups, suggesting that polylactose is more fermentable than other prebiotic fibers (HFPD, HFFOS; P < 0.05). HFPL animals also had increased taxonomic abundance of the probiotic species Bifidobacterium in the cecum relative to all other groups (P < 0.05). Epididymal fat pad weight was significantly decreased in the HFPL group (29% decrease compared with HFC) compared with all other HF groups (P < 0.05) and did not differ from the NFC group. Liver lipids and cholesterol were reduced in HFPL animals when compared with HFC animals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Polylactose is a fermentable fiber that elicits a beneficial change in the gut microbiota as well as reducing adiposity in rats fed HF diets. These effects of polylactose were greater than those of 2 established prebiotics, fructooligosaccharide and polydextrose, suggesting that polylactose is a potent prebiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breann E Abernathy
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Tonya C Schoenfuss
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Allison S Bailey
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Response of adult stem cell populations to a high-fat/high-fiber diet in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of growing pigs divergently selected for feed efficiency. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:2397-2408. [PMID: 33125577 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The control of body composition by genetics and dietary nutrients is of the upmost importance for both human and animal physiology. Adult stem cells (aSC) may represent a relevant level of tissue adaptation. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of macronutrient composition on aSC populations isolated from adipose tissue or muscle in growing pigs. METHODS Pigs from two lines divergently selected for feed efficiency were fed ad libitum either a high-fat/high-fiber (HF) diet or a low-fat/low-fiber (LF) diet (n = 6 per line and diet) from 74 to 132 days of age. Stroma vascular cells were isolated from adipose tissue and muscle and characterized with cell surface markers. RESULTS In both lines, pigs fed the HF diet exhibited a reduced adiposity (P < 0.001) compared with pigs fed the LF diet. In the four groups, CD90 and PDGFRα markers were predominantly expressed in adipose cells, whereas CD90 and CD56 markers were highly expressed in muscle cells. In adipose tissue, the proportions of CD56+/PDGFRα + and of CD90+/PDGFRα + cells were lower (P < 0.05) in HF pigs than in LF pigs. On the opposite, in muscle, these proportions were higher (P < 0.001) in HF pigs. CONCLUSION This study indicates that dietary nutrients affected the relative proportions of CD56+/PDGFRα + cells with opposite effects between muscle and adipose tissue. These cell populations exhibiting adipogenic potential in adipose tissue and myogenic potential in muscle may be a target to modulate body composition.
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Greco CM, Garetto S, Montellier E, Liu Y, Chen S, Baldi P, Sassone-Corsi P, Lucci J. A non-pharmacological therapeutic approach in the gut triggers distal metabolic rewiring capable of ameliorating diet-induced dysfunctions encompassed by metabolic syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12915. [PMID: 32737396 PMCID: PMC7395094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has increased at a worrisome level. Lifestyle changes are not sufficient to prevent and improve the adverse effects of obesity, thus novel interventions are necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the use and metabolic outcomes of a non-pharmacological intervention in a high-fat diet (HFD) fed mouse model, capable of recapitulating key aspects of metabolic syndrome. We show that Policaptil Gel Retard has remarkable, beneficial effects on metabolic dysfunction caused by consumption of HFD. We describe the mechanism by which such effects are obtained, highlighting the fact that the amelioration of metabolic function observed upon Policaptil Gel Retard administration is profound and of systemic nature, despite being originated by sequestering, therefore non-pharmacological events elicited in the gut lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Magdalen Greco
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Stefano Garetto
- Natural Bio-Medicine SpA, Loc. Aboca 20, 52037, Sansepolcro, AR, Italy.,Innovation & Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Loc. Aboca 20, 52037, Sansepolcro, AR, Italy
| | - Emilie Montellier
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Computer Science, Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, UCI, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Computer Science, Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, UCI, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Pierre Baldi
- Department of Computer Science, Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, UCI, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, U1233 INSERM, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Jacopo Lucci
- Natural Bio-Medicine SpA, Loc. Aboca 20, 52037, Sansepolcro, AR, Italy. .,Innovation & Medical Science Division, Aboca SpA Società Agricola, Loc. Aboca 20, 52037, Sansepolcro, AR, Italy.
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Dias CCQ, Madruga MS, Pintado MME, Almeida GHO, Alves APV, Dantas FA, Bezerra JKG, de Melo MFFT, Viera VB, Soares JKB. Cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) decrease visceral fat, yet augment glucose in dyslipidemic rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225736. [PMID: 31830056 PMCID: PMC6907795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of roasted Cashew nuts consumption on biochemical and murinometric parameters in dyslipidemic rats receiving lipid supplementation. Young male rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 10). The Control group (CONT) was treated with water, the Dyslipidemic group (DL) received a high fat content emulsion throughout the experiment, and the Dyslipidemic Cashew Nuts group (DLCN) received the same high fat content emulsion throughout the experiment, yet was treated with Cashew nuts. Body parameters, biochemical, hepatic and fecal fatty acid profiles were all evaluated. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in the DL and DLCN groups as compared to the control group. DLCN and CONT presented no difference in HDL levels. DLCN presented higher glycemia levels than the other groups. There was reduction of body fat in DLCN as compared to other groups, but with higher accumulations of liver fat. DLCN presented a reduction in saturated hepatic fatty acids of 20.8%, and an increase of 177% in relation to CONT; there was also a 21% in increase DL for ω9 fatty acids in comparison to CONT. As for fecal fatty acids, there was a lower concentration of polysaturates in DLCN as compared to the other groups. The data showed that the consumption of Cashew nuts by the dyslipidemic animals treated with a hyperlipidic diet induced greater accumulations of liver fat and worsened glycemic levels, despite having reduced visceral fats and increased fecal fat excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina C. Q. Dias
- DEA—Department of Food Engineering, Technology Centre, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Marta S. Madruga
- DEA—Department of Food Engineering, Technology Centre, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Maria Manuela E. Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Paula Vilar Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Francileide Amaro Dantas
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa Bordin Viera
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Késsia B. Soares
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil
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21
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Zhan J, Liang Y, Liu D, Ma X, Li P, Zhai W, Zhou Z, Wang P. Pectin reduces environmental pollutant-induced obesity in mice through regulating gut microbiota: A case study of p,p'-DDE. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 130:104861. [PMID: 31195221 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity has raised global concerns. Environmental pollutants are one of the main causes of obesity. Many studies have demonstrated that dietary fiber could reduce obesity induced by high-fat diets, but whether environmental pollutant-induced obesity can be reversed is still unknown. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the effects of pectin on obesity induced by a typical environmental pollutant p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and explore the underlying mechanism by which pectin reversed p,p'-DDE-induced obesity. METHODS p,p'-DDE was used to induce obesity in C57BL/6J mice and pectin was supplied during and after cessation of p,p'-DDE exposure. Body and fat weight gain, plasma lipid profile and insulin resistance of mice were assessed. Gut microbiota composition and the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as the receptor proteins and hormones in the SCFAs-related signaling pathway were analyzed. Moreover, p,p'-DDE levels in various tissues of mice were detected. RESULTS Pectin supplementation reversed body and fat weight gain, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in p,p'-DDE-exposed mice. Furthermore, pectin apparently altered the p,p'-DDE-induced microbial composition and then promoted the levels of SCFAs in colonic feces as well as the expression of G-protein coupled receptors and the concentration of hormone peptide YY (PYY) and glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1). Pectin treatment also significantly reduced p,p'-DDE accumulation in mice tissues during p,p'-DDE exposure but did not change p,p'-DDE metabolism after termination of p,p'-DDE exposure. CONCLUSIONS Pectin had a good effect on reducing p,p'-DDE-induced obesity through regulating gut microbiota and provided a potential strategy for the treatment of environmental pollutant-caused health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yiran Liang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Donghui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peize Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Wangjing Zhai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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22
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Danuyanti IGAN, Farmawati A, Sunarti. Beneficial effects of high-fiber diet on the expression and level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 of hypercholesterolemia rats. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-190288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Gusti Ayu Nyoman Danuyanti
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Politeknik Kesehatan Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Arta Farmawati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sunarti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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23
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Alexander C, Swanson KS, Fahey GC, Garleb KA. Perspective: Physiologic Importance of Short-Chain Fatty Acids from Nondigestible Carbohydrate Fermentation. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:576-589. [PMID: 31305907 PMCID: PMC6628845 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has become increasingly obvious that dietary fiber or nondigestible carbohydrate (NDC) consumption is critical for maintaining optimal health and managing symptoms of metabolic disease. In accordance with this, the US FDA released its first official definition of dietary fiber in 2016 for regulation of Nutrition and Supplement Facts labels. Included in this definition is the requirement of an isolated or synthetic NDC to produce an accepted physiologic health benefit, such as improved laxation or reduced fasting cholesterol concentrations, upon consumption. Even though NDC fermentation and production of short-chain fatty acids elicit many physiologic effects, including serving as a source of energy for colonocytes, curbing glycemic response and satiety, promoting weight loss, enhancing mineral absorption, reducing systemic inflammation, and improving intestinal health, the process of fermentation is not considered a physiologic endpoint. Instead, expensive and laborious clinical trials must be conducted and an accepted physiologic benefit observed. In this review, we discuss the physiologic importance of NDC fermentation through extensive examination of clinical evidence and propose that the degree of fermentability of an NDC, rather than the endpoints of a clinical trial, may be appropriate for classifying it as a dietary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Alexander
- Division of Nutritional Sciences,Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH,Address correspondence to CA (e-mail: )
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - George C Fahey
- Division of Nutritional Sciences,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Keith A Garleb
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL,Abbott Nutrition, Columbus, OH
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24
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Perdomo CM, Frühbeck G, Escalada J. Impact of Nutritional Changes on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030677. [PMID: 30901929 PMCID: PMC6470750 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major global health threat due to its growing incidence and prevalence. It is becoming the leading cause of liver disease in addition to its strong association with cardio-metabolic disease. Therefore, its prevention and treatment are of strong public interest. Therapeutic approaches emphasize lifestyle modifications including physical activity and the adoption of healthy eating habits that intend to mainly control body weight and cardio-metabolic risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome. Lifestyle interventions may be reinforced by pharmacological treatment in advanced stages, though there is still no registered drug for the specific treatment of NAFLD. The purpose of this review is to assess the evidence available regarding the impact of dietary recommendations against NAFLD, highlighting the effect of macronutrient diet composition and dietary patterns in the management of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina M Perdomo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Javier Escalada
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), ISCIII, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Dai B, Huang S, Deng Y. Modified insoluble dietary fibers in okara affect body composition, serum metabolic properties, and fatty acid profiles in mice fed high-fat diets: an NMR investigation. Food Res Int 2019; 116:1239-1246. [PMID: 30716911 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The potential health benefit of dietary fiber has attracted considerable attention in recent decades. In this study, the effects of modified dietary fibers (MDF) derived from okara on body composition, fat distribution, serum metabolomic parameters, and fatty acid profiles in mice fed high-fat diets (HFD) were evaluated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolic approach. HFD-induced C57BL mice were fed with a diet containing 100 g/kg MDF for 12 weeks. Compared with control mice, MDF-fed mice exhibited less fat and lower body weights, altered serum metabolomic profiles, and distinct fatty acid profiles. The levels of choline, phosphatidylcholine, glycerophosphorylcholine, glucose, lysine, scyllo-inositol, and glutamate for MDF group were higher than those for both CONT and HFD groups. A remarkable reduction of total cholesterol, total triglycerides, ω-6 fatty acids, alanine, citrate, creatine, or succinate was also observable for MDF group compared with HFD group. These findings demonstrated that the intake of MDF derived from okara clearly ameliorated some of the HFD-induced adverse metabolic effects and prevented adipose tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bona Dai
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China; Instrumental Analysis Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Suya Huang
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yun Deng
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China.
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26
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Chemistry, Biological, and Pharmacological Properties of Gum Arabic. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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27
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Cao XR, Iftikhar M, Wang J. Semi-solid state fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis impeded the destroy of wheat bran on gluten polymerization. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Understanding the impact of chia seed mucilage on human gut microbiota by using the dynamic gastrointestinal model simgi®. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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29
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Li X, Fu B, Guo J, Ji K, Xu Y, Dahab MM, Zhang P. Bamboo shoot fiber improves insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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30
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Shtriker MG, Peri I, Taieb E, Nyska A, Tirosh O, Madar Z. Galactomannan More than Pectin Exacerbates Liver Injury in Mice Fed with High-Fat, High-Cholesterol Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800331. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam G. Shtriker
- Institute of Biochemistry; Food Science and Nutrition; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture; Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Irena Peri
- Institute of Biochemistry; Food Science and Nutrition; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture; Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Elise Taieb
- Institute of Biochemistry; Food Science and Nutrition; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture; Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Abraham Nyska
- Sackler School of Medicine; Tel Aviv University, and Consultant in Toxicologic Pathology; Timrat 36576 Israel
| | - Oren Tirosh
- Institute of Biochemistry; Food Science and Nutrition; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture; Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - Zecharia Madar
- Institute of Biochemistry; Food Science and Nutrition; Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture; Food and Environment; The Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Rehovot 76100 Israel
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31
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Wang H, Hong T, Li N, Zang B, Wu X. Soluble dietary fiber improves energy homeostasis in obese mice by remodeling the gut microbiota. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 498:146-151. [PMID: 29462619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intervention with dietary fibers is an important strategy to combat the global epidemic of obesity which is a consequence of energy imbalance. However, a possible role of the gut microbiota in effects of dietary fibers on energy homeostasis remains unclear. Here, we treated a high fat diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model with soluble dietary fiber. Our results showed that soluble dietary fiber reduced body weight gain and the excessive accumulation of white fat tissue in DIO mice. Notably, soluble dietary fiber increased energy expenditure, but not change energy intake in DIO mice. In accordance, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that the diversity of the gut microbiota was restored by soluble dietary fiber. Moreover, compared with controls, soluble dietary fiber resulted in a decreased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes at the phylum level, and an increased relative abundance of the genera Roseburia at the genus level. Taken together, these findings indicate that soluble dietary fiber improves energy homeostasis and prevents obesity by increasing the diversity of the gut microbiota and the colonization of beneficial bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyuan Wang
- Intensive Care Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Hong
- Pain Manage Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Zang
- Intensive Care Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Xingmao Wu
- Intensive Care Unit, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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32
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Particle size of insoluble dietary fiber from rice bran affects its phenolic profile, bioaccessibility and functional properties. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Qin S, Han H, Zhang K, Ding X, Bai S, Wang J, Zeng Q. Dietary fibre alleviates hepatic fat deposition via inhibiting lipogenic gene expression in meat ducks. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:e736-e745. [DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Qin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - H. Han
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - K. Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - X. Ding
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - S. Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - J. Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
| | - Q. Zeng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition; Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education; Sichuan Agricultural University; Chengdu China
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34
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Quiclet C, Dubouchaud H, Berthon P, Sanchez H, Vial G, Siti F, Fontaine E, Batandier C, Couturier K. Maternal exercise modifies body composition and energy substrates handling in male offspring fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet. J Physiol 2017; 595:7049-7062. [PMID: 28971475 DOI: 10.1113/jp274739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Maternal training during gestation enhances offspring body composition and energy substrates handling in early adulthood. Offspring nutrition also plays a role as some beneficial effects of maternal training during gestation disappear after consumption of a high-fat diet. ABSTRACT Maternal exercise during gestation has been reported to modify offspring metabolism and health. Whether these effects are exacerbated when offspring are receiving a high-fat diet remains unclear. Our purpose was to evaluate the effect of maternal exercise before and during gestation on the offspring fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HF) by assessing its body composition, pancreatic function and energy substrates handling by two major glucose-utilizing tissues: liver and muscle. Fifteen-week-old nulliparous female Wistar rats exercised 4 weeks before as well as during gestation at a constant submaximal intensity (TR) or remained sedentary (CT). At weaning, pups from each group were fed either a standard diet (TRCD or CTCD) or a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (TRHF or CTHF) for 10 weeks. Offspring from TR dams gained less weight compared to those from CT dams. Selected fat depots were larger with the HF diet compared to control diet (CD) but significantly smaller in TRHF compared to CTHF. Surprisingly, the insulin secretion index was higher in islets from HF offspring compared to CD. TR offspring showed a higher muscle insulin sensitivity estimated by the ratio of phosphorylated protein kinase B to total protein kinase B compared with CT offspring (+48%, P < 0.05). With CD, permeabilized isolated muscle fibres from TR rats displayed a lower apparent affinity constant (Km ) for pyruvate and palmitoyl coenzyme A as substrates compared to the CT group (-46% and -58%, respectively, P < 0.05). These results suggest that maternal exercise has positive effects on young adult offspring body composition and on muscle carbohydrate and lipid metabolism depending on the nutritional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charline Quiclet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Structure Fédérative de Recherche Sport Exercice Motricité (SFR SEM), Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Dubouchaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Structure Fédérative de Recherche Sport Exercice Motricité (SFR SEM), Grenoble, France
| | - Phanélie Berthon
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, Le Bourget du Lac, France
| | - Hervé Sanchez
- French Armed Biomedical Research Institute, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Guillaume Vial
- Université Grenoble Alpes, UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Structure Fédérative de Recherche Sport Exercice Motricité (SFR SEM), Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1042, Grenoble, France
| | - Farida Siti
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France.,Faculty of Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eric Fontaine
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France.,Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Cécile Batandier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Karine Couturier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France.,Inserm, U1055, Grenoble, France.,Université Grenoble Alpes, UFR Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives (UFR STAPS), Structure Fédérative de Recherche Sport Exercice Motricité (SFR SEM), Grenoble, France
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35
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Turck D, Bresson JL, Burlingame B, Dean T, Fairweather-Tait S, Heinonen M, Hirsch-Ernst KI, Mangelsdorf I, McArdle HJ, Naska A, Neuhäuser-Berthold M, Nowicka G, Pentieva K, Sanz Y, Siani A, Sjödin A, Stern M, Tomé D, Vinceti M, Willatts P, Engel KH, Marchelli R, Pöting A, Poulsen M, Schlatter JR, Ackerl R, van Loveren H. Safety of dried aerial parts of Hoodia parviflora as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97. EFSA J 2017; 15:e05002. [PMID: 32625297 PMCID: PMC7010034 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the dried aerial parts of Hoodia parviflora as a novel food (NF) submitted pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97. The information provided on the composition, the specifications, the production process, the batch-to-batch variability and the stability of the NF is sufficient and does not raise safety concerns. The applicant intends to use the NF in a number of energy-reduced/sugar-free/no-added-sugar foods in quantities of up to 15 mg per serving. The applicant also proposes to provide the NF as a food supplement. The target population proposed by the applicant is adults. The highest intake estimates were found in the group of elderly (≥ 65 years) individuals, with a high intake of 1.0 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day. One 90-day toxicity study in rodents was provided from which a benchmark dose lower confidence limit (BMDL 05) of 53.5 mg/kg bw per day was derived for effects of the NF on bodyweight. The Panel concludes that the addition of the NF to foods as a food ingredient at the uses and use levels as proposed by the applicant would exceed intake levels considered safe in humans. The Panel considers that the NF is safe to be used as a food supplement at a maximum dose of 9.4 mg/day. The target population is adults.
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36
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Huebbe P, Nikolai S, Schloesser A, Herebian D, Campbell G, Glüer CC, Zeyner A, Demetrowitsch T, Schwarz K, Metges CC, Roeder T, Schultheiss G, Ipharraguerre IR, Rimbach G. An extract from the Atlantic brown algae Saccorhiza polyschides counteracts diet-induced obesity in mice via a gut related multi-factorial mechanisms. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73501-73515. [PMID: 29088722 PMCID: PMC5650277 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we addressed the questions whether an Atlantic brown algae extract (BAE) affects diet induced obesity in mice and which would be the primary targets and underlying key mechanisms. Male C57 BL/6 mice were fed a hypercaloric diet, referred to as high fat diet (HFD), supplemented with a freeze-dried aqueous BAE from Saccorhiza polyschides (5 %) for 8 months. Compared to the control group, dietary BAE supplementation significantly attenuated increase in body weight and fat mass. We observed apparent metabolic improvement including normalization of blood glucose, reduced plasma leptin, reduced fecal bile salt hydrolase activity with lower microbial production of toxic bile acid metabolites in the gut and increased systemic bile acid circulation in BAE-fed mice counteracting adverse effects of long term HFD feeding. Survival of mice receiving dietary BAE supplementation appeared slightly enhanced; however, median and maximal life spans as well as hepatic mTOR activation were not significantly different between BAE and control mice. We suggest that the beneficial metabolic effects of our BAE are at least partly mediated by alterations in gut microbiota associated with fermentation of indigestible polysaccharides that are major components of brown algae such as alginates and fucoidans. We moreover propose a multi-factorial mechanism that involves profound alterations in bile acid homeostasis, changes in intestinal and systemic glucose metabolism likely including increased intestinal gluconeogenesis, increased activity of the intestinally derived hormone GLP-1 contributing to promote systemic insulin sensitivity, and inhibition of α-amylase activity, which expectably limits dietary carbohydrate digestion and glucose release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * These authors share the first authorship
| | - Sibylle Nikolai
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- * These authors share the first authorship
| | - Anke Schloesser
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Diran Herebian
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children’s Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Graeme Campbell
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claus-Christian Glüer
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Annette Zeyner
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Tobias Demetrowitsch
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Karin Schwarz
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Cornelia C. Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology ‘Oskar Kellner’, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Roeder
- Institute of Zoology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Singh A, Zapata RC, Pezeshki A, Chelikani PK. Dietary lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact with inulin to modulate energy balance in obese rats. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1050-1060. [PMID: 28437574 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether diets enriched with the whey protein components lactalbumin and lactoferrin interact additively with inulin to improve energy balance by decreasing food intake and body weight (BW). METHODS In four experiments, diet-induced obese rats were randomized to diets containing either lactalbumin or lactoferrin at low (20% kcal) or high (40% kcal) doses, and inulin at low (7.5% w/w) or high (15% w/w) doses, alone or in combination. Energy intake (EI), energy expenditure (EE), respiratory quotient (RQ), BW, body composition, plasma insulin, and leptin concentrations were measured. RESULTS Lactalbumin and inulin at low doses were ineffective, whereas high doses additively decreased EI and RQ. Low doses of lactoferrin and inulin additively decreased EI, BW, fat and lean mass, and RQ. High doses of lactoferrin and inulin additively decreased EI, supra-additively decreased BW, fat, and lean mass, and also decreased RQ and plasma leptin concentrations. CONCLUSIONS High doses of lactalbumin and inulin additively decreased EI. Importantly, lactoferrin and inulin at both low and high dose combinations, additively or supra-additively, decreased EI, BW, and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arashdeep Singh
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rizaldy C Zapata
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adel Pezeshki
- Department of Animal Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Prasanth K Chelikani
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gastrointestinal Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Yang TH, Yao HT, Chiang MT. Red algae (Gelidium amansii) hot-water extract ameliorates lipid metabolism in hamsters fed a high-fat diet. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:931-938. [PMID: 28987370 PMCID: PMC9328878 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Gelidium amansii (GA) hot-water extracts (GHE) on lipid metabolism in hamsters. Six-week-old male Syrian hamsters were used as the experimental animals. Hamsters were divided into four groups: (1) control diet group (CON); (2) high-fat diet group (HF); (3) HF with GHE diet group (HF + GHE); (4) HF with probucol diet group (HF + PO). All groups were fed the experimental diets and drinking water ad libitum for 6 weeks. The results showed that GHE significantly decreased body weight, liver weight, and adipose tissue (perirenal and paraepididymal) weight. The HF diet induced an increase in plasma triacylglycerol (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. However, GHE supplementation reversed the increase of plasma lipids caused by the HF diet. In addition, GHE increased fecal cholesterol, TG and bile acid excretion. Lower hepatic TC and TG levels were found with GHE treatment. GHE reduced hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) including SREBP 1 and SREBP 2 protein expressions. The phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) protein expression in hamsters was decreased by the HF diet; however, GHE supplementation increased the phosphorylation of AMPK protein expression. Our results suggest that GHE may ameliorate lipid metabolism in hamsters fed a HF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Yang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsien-Tsung Yao
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meng-Tsan Chiang
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung,
Taiwan, ROC
- Corresponding author. Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (M.-T. Chiang)
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39
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Bamboo shoot fiber prevents obesity in mice by modulating the gut microbiota. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32953. [PMID: 27599699 PMCID: PMC5013436 DOI: 10.1038/srep32953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber has been shown to prevent high-fat diet induced obesity through modulating the gut microbiota; however, quality difference in fiber type is largely unknown. We performed a 6 week study on C57BL/6J mice fed a macronutrient matched high-fat diet with different fiber types including cellulose (HFC), bamboo shoot fiber (HFBS) and several other commonly consumed fibers. Our results showed that the HFBS group exhibited the lowest weight gain among all diet groups and had improved lipid profiles and glycemic control compared with the HFC group. As revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, loss of diversity in the gut microbiota induced by the HFC diet was largely prevented by the HFBS diet. Moreover, compared with the HFC diet, the HFBS diet resulted in markedly increased relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and strong inhibition of Verrucomicrobia, two divisions strongly correlated with body weight. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence of a quality difference among different types of dietary fibers and shows that bamboo shoot fiber is the most effective in suppressing high-fat diet induced obesity. Our findings indicate that bamboo shoot fiber is a potential prebiotic fiber which modulates the gut microbiota and improves host metabolism.
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40
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Mahady SE, George J. Exercise and diet in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Metabolism 2016; 65:1172-82. [PMID: 26805014 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver condition worldwide, and is projected to become the leading cause for liver transplantation in the United States as early as 2020. The mainstay of treatment remains lifestyle modification with diet and exercise recommendations, as although some pharmacological treatments such as glitazones and Vitamin E have shown benefit, there are concerns regarding long term safety. The evidence base for dietary interventions in NAFLD such as the Mediterranean diet, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and coffee is mainly derived from observational data with questionable validity. Where trials exist, they have shown benefit for surrogate outcomes such as hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance, but no trials have been conducted with salient clinical outcomes such as reduction in progression to chronic liver disease. Benefit in surrogate outcomes has also been seen for aerobic, anaerobic and combined modality exercise but it remains unclear if one type is superior. Furthermore, a reduction in sedentary time appears equally important. To provide a sound evidence base for lifestyle recommendations to people with NAFLD, longer duration trials of standardized dietary or exercise interventions, and testing various doses, types and with liver related outcomes, are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne E Mahady
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, University of Sydney, NSW Australia.
| | - Jacob George
- Storr Liver Centre, Westmead Millennium Institute for Medical Research and Westmead Hospital, the University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ferolla SM, Couto CA, Costa-Silva L, Armiliato GNA, Pereira CAS, Martins FS, Ferrari MDLA, Vilela EG, Torres HOG, Cunha AS, Ferrari TCA. Beneficial Effect of Synbiotic Supplementation on Hepatic Steatosis and Anthropometric Parameters, But Not on Gut Permeability in a Population with Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8070397. [PMID: 27367724 PMCID: PMC4963873 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in Western countries; it can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. The importance of gut-liver-adipose tissue axis has become evident and treatments targeting gut microbiota may improve inflammatory and metabolic parameters in NASH patients. In a randomized, controlled clinical trial, involving 50 biopsy-proven NASH patients, we investigated the effects of synbiotic supplementation on metabolic parameters, hepatic steatosis, intestinal permeability, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serum levels. Patients were separated into two groups receiving Lactobacillus reuteri with guar gum and inulin for three months and healthy balanced nutritional counseling versus nutritional counseling alone. Before and after the intervention we assessed steatosis by magnetic resonance imaging, intestinal permeability by lactulose/mannitol urinary excretion and SIBO by glucose breath testing. NASH patients presented high gut permeability, but low prevalence of SIBO. After the intervention, only the synbiotic group presented a reduction in steatosis, lost weight, diminished BMI and waist circumference measurement. Synbiotic did not improve intestinal permeability or LPS levels. We concluded that synbiotic supplementation associated with nutritional counseling seems superior to nutritional counseling alone for NASH treatment as it attenuates steatosis and may help to achieve weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia M Ferolla
- Departamento de ClínicaMédica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia A Couto
- Departamento de ClínicaMédica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Luciana Costa-Silva
- Departamento de Anatomia e Imagem, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Geyza N A Armiliato
- Departamento de ClínicaMédica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano A S Pereira
- Departamento de ClínicaMédica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Flaviano S Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Maria de Lourdes A Ferrari
- Departamento de ClínicaMédica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo G Vilela
- Departamento de ClínicaMédica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Henrique O G Torres
- Departamento de ClínicaMédica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Aloísio S Cunha
- Departamento de ClínicaMédica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil.
| | - Teresa C A Ferrari
- Departamento de ClínicaMédica, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 30130-100, Brazil.
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Adam CL, Gratz SW, Peinado DI, Thomson LM, Garden KE, Williams PA, Richardson AJ, Ross AW. Effects of Dietary Fibre (Pectin) and/or Increased Protein (Casein or Pea) on Satiety, Body Weight, Adiposity and Caecal Fermentation in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155871. [PMID: 27224646 PMCID: PMC4880334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary constituents that suppress appetite, such as dietary fibre and protein, may aid weight loss in obesity. The soluble fermentable dietary fibre pectin promotes satiety and decreases adiposity in diet-induced obese rats but effects of increased protein are unknown. Adult diet-induced obese rats reared on high fat diet (45% energy from fat) were given experimental diets ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group): high fat control, high fat with high protein (40% energy) as casein or pea protein, or these diets with added 10% w/w pectin. Dietary pectin, but not high protein, decreased food intake by 23% and induced 23% body fat loss, leading to 12% lower final body weight and 44% lower total body fat mass than controls. Plasma concentrations of satiety hormones PYY and total GLP-1 were increased by dietary pectin (168% and 151%, respectively) but not by high protein. Plasma leptin was decreased by 62% on pectin diets and 38% on high pea (but not casein) protein, while plasma insulin was decreased by 44% on pectin, 38% on high pea and 18% on high casein protein diets. Caecal weight and short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the caecum were increased in pectin-fed and high pea protein groups: caecal succinate was increased by pectin (900%), acetate and propionate by pectin (123% and 118%, respectively) and pea protein (147% and 144%, respectively), and butyrate only by pea protein (309%). Caecal branched-chain fatty acid concentrations were decreased by pectin (down 78%) but increased by pea protein (164%). Therefore, the soluble fermentable fibre pectin appeared more effective than high protein for increasing satiety and decreasing caloric intake and adiposity while on high fat diet, and produced a fermentation environment more likely to promote hindgut health. Altogether these data indicate that high fibre may be better than high protein for weight (fat) loss in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L. Adam
- Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia W. Gratz
- Gut Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Diana I. Peinado
- Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Gut Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn M. Thomson
- Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Karen E. Garden
- Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia A. Williams
- Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J. Richardson
- Gut Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander W. Ross
- Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Bomhof MR, Paul HA, Geuking MB, Eller LK, Reimer RA. Improvement in adiposity with oligofructose is modified by antibiotics in obese rats. FASEB J 2016; 30:2720-32. [PMID: 27059718 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600151r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Given the intimate link between gut microbiota and host physiology, there is growing interest in understanding the mechanisms by which diet influences gut microbiota and affects human metabolic health. Using antibiotics and the prebiotic oligofructose, which has been shown to counteract excess fat mass, we explored the gut microbiota-dependent effects of oligofructose on body composition and host metabolism. Diet-induced obese male Sprague Dawley rats, fed a background high-fat/sucrose diet, were randomized to one of the following diets for 6 wk: 1) high-energy control; 2) 10% oligofructose; 3) ampicillin; 4) ampicillin + 10% oligofructose; 5) ampicillin/neomycin; or 6) ampicillin/neomycin + 10% oligofructose. Combining oligofructose with ampicillin treatment blunted the decrease in adiposity seen with oligofructose. Although ampicillin did not affect total bacteria, ampicillin impeded oligofructose-induced increases in Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus In contrast, the combination of ampicillin and neomycin reduced total bacteria but did not abrogate the oligofructose-induced decrease in adiposity. Oligofructose-mediated effects on host adiposity and metabolic health appear to be in part dependent on the presence of specific microbial species within the gut.-Bomhof, M. R., Paul, H. A., Geuking, M. B., Eller, L. K., Reimer, R. A. Improvement in adiposity with oligofructose is modified by antibiotics in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc R Bomhof
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Heather A Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada; and
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Research, University Clinic for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lindsay K Eller
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta Canada; and
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Gondret F, Vincent A, Houée-Bigot M, Siegel A, Lagarrigue S, Louveau I, Causeur D. Molecular alterations induced by a high-fat high-fiber diet in porcine adipose tissues: variations according to the anatomical fat location. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:120. [PMID: 26892011 PMCID: PMC4758018 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Changing the energy and nutrient source for growing animals may be an effective way of limiting adipose tissue expansion, a response which may depend on the genetic background of the animals. This study aims to describe the transcriptional modulations present in the adipose tissues of two pig lines divergently selected for residual feed intake which were either fed a high-fat high-fiber (HF) diet or an isocaloric low-fat high-starch diet (LF). RESULTS Transcriptomic analysis using a porcine microarray was performed on 48 pigs (n = 12 per diet and per line) in both perirenal (PRAT) and subcutaneous (SCAT) adipose tissues. There was no interaction between diet and line on either adiposity or transcriptional profiles, so that the diet effect was inferred independently of the line. Irrespective of line, the relative weights of the two fat depots were lower in HF pigs than in LF pigs after 58 days on dietary treatment. In the two adipose tissues, the most apparent effect of the HF diet was the down-regulation of several genes associated with the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which therefore may be associated with dietary-induced modulations in genes acting in apoptotic and cell cycle regulatory pathways. Genes involved in glucose metabolic processes were also down-regulated by the HF diet, with no significant variation or decreased expression of important lipid-related genes such as the low-density lipoprotein receptor and leptin in the two fat pads. The master regulators of glucose and fatty acid homeostasis SREBF1 and MLXIPL, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)δ and its heterodimeric partner RXRA were down-regulated by the HF diet. PPARγ which has pleiotropic functions including lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation, was however up-regulated by this diet in PRAT and SCAT. Dietary-related modulations in the expression of genes associated with immunity and inflammation were mainly revealed in PRAT. CONCLUSION A high-fat high-fiber diet depressed glucose and lipid anabolic molecular pathways, thus counteracting adipose tissue expansion. Interaction effects between dietary intake of fiber and lipids on gene expression may modulate innate immunity and inflammation, a response which is of interest with regard to chronic inflammation and its adverse effects on health and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Gondret
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590, Saint-Gilles, France. .,Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Annie Vincent
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590, Saint-Gilles, France. .,Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | | | - Anne Siegel
- CNRS-Université de Rennes 1-INRIA, UMR6074 IRISA, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042, Rennes, Cedex, France.
| | - Sandrine Lagarrigue
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590, Saint-Gilles, France. .,Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Isabelle Louveau
- INRA, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35590, Saint-Gilles, France. .,Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR1348 Pegase, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - David Causeur
- Agrocampus-Ouest, UMR6625 IRMAR, F-35000, Rennes, France.
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Ahmed AA, Musa HH, Fedail JS, Sifaldin AZ, Musa TH. Gum arabic suppressed diet-induced obesity by alteration the expression of mRNA levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism in mouse liver. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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46
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Kato M, Tsubaki K, Kuge T, Aoe S. Effect of a High-fat Diet with Barley β-glucan on Glucose Tolerance and Abdominal Fat-liver Lipid Accumulation in Mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.74.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Kato
- Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women’s University
| | - Kazufumi Tsubaki
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, Research & Development Division, ADEKA CORPORATION
| | - Takao Kuge
- Life Science Materials Laboratory, Research & Development Division, ADEKA CORPORATION
| | - Seiichiro Aoe
- Institute of Human Culture Studies, Otsuma Women’s University
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women’s University
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Adam CL, Thomson LM, Williams PA, Ross AW. Soluble Fermentable Dietary Fibre (Pectin) Decreases Caloric Intake, Adiposity and Lipidaemia in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Rats. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140392. [PMID: 26447990 PMCID: PMC4598151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of a high fat diet promotes obesity and poor metabolic health, both of which may be improved by decreasing caloric intake. Satiety-inducing ingredients such as dietary fibre may be beneficial and this study investigates in diet-induced obese (DIO) rats the effects of high or low fat diet with or without soluble fermentable fibre (pectin). In two independently replicated experiments, young adult male DIO rats that had been reared on high fat diet (HF; 45% energy from fat) were given HF, low fat diet (LF; 10% energy from fat), HF with 10% w/w pectin (HF+P), or LF with 10% w/w pectin (LF+P) ad libitum for 4 weeks (n = 8/group/experiment). Food intake, body weight, body composition (by magnetic resonance imaging), plasma hormones, and plasma and liver lipid concentrations were measured. Caloric intake and body weight gain were greatest in HF, lower in LF and HF+P, and lowest in the LF+P group. Body fat mass increased in HF, was maintained in LF, but decreased significantly in LF+P and HF+P groups. Final plasma leptin, insulin, total cholesterol and triglycerides were lower, and plasma satiety hormone PYY concentrations were higher, in LF+P and HF+P than in LF and HF groups, respectively. Total fat and triglyceride concentrations in liver were greatest in HF, lower in LF and HF+P, and lowest in the LF+P group. Therefore, the inclusion of soluble fibre in a high fat (or low fat) diet promoted increased satiety and decreased caloric intake, weight gain, adiposity, lipidaemia, leptinaemia and insulinaemia. These data support the potential of fermentable dietary fibre for weight loss and improving metabolic health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare L. Adam
- Ingestive Behaviour Group, Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn M. Thomson
- Ingestive Behaviour Group, Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia A. Williams
- Ingestive Behaviour Group, Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander W. Ross
- Ingestive Behaviour Group, Obesity & Metabolic Health Division, Rowett Institute of Nutrition & Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB21 9SB, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Mazidi M, Rezaie P, Norouzy A, Saeb MH, Mehdizadeh Hakkak A, Balali S, Nematy M. Investigating the relation between macronutrients intake and anthropometric indices. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2015. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-150038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Key State Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Peyman Rezaie
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Norouzy
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Saeb
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Atieh Mehdizadeh Hakkak
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sara Balali
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nematy
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
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Fåk F, Jakobsdottir G, Kulcinskaja E, Marungruang N, Matziouridou C, Nilsson U, Stålbrand H, Nyman M. The physico-chemical properties of dietary fibre determine metabolic responses, short-chain Fatty Acid profiles and gut microbiota composition in rats fed low- and high-fat diets. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127252. [PMID: 25973610 PMCID: PMC4431822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. Both pectin and guar gum reduced weight gain, adiposity, liver fat and blood glucose levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. Both pectin and guar gum reduced cholesterol, liver steatosis and blood glucose levels, but to varying extent depending on the degree of methoxylation and viscosity of the fibres. The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. Caecal abundance of Akkermansia was increased with high-fat feeding and with HM pectin and guar gum of all viscosities tested. Moreover, guar gum had distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity, increasing the caecal abundance of Bifidobacterium ten-fold. In conclusion, by tailoring the viscosity and possibly also the degree of methoxylation of dietary fibre, metabolic effects may be optimized, through a targeted modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Fåk
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Evelina Kulcinskaja
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ulf Nilsson
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik Stålbrand
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Margareta Nyman
- Food for Health Science Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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McCann JC, Shigenaga MK, Mietus-Snyder ML, Lal A, Suh JH, Krauss RM, Gildengorin GL, Goldrich AM, Block DS, Shenvi SV, McHugh TH, Olson DA, Ames BN. A multicomponent nutrient bar promotes weight loss and improves dyslipidemia and insulin resistance in the overweight/obese: chronic inflammation blunts these improvements. FASEB J 2015; 29:3287-301. [PMID: 25900806 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-271833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study determined if twice-daily consumption of a nutrient-dense bar intended to fill gaps in Western diets, without other dietary/lifestyle requirements, favorably shifted metabolic/anthropometric indicators of dysregulation in a healthy direction. Three 8-wk clinical trials in 43 healthy lean and overweight/obese (OW/OB) adults, who served as their own controls, were pooled for analysis. In less inflamed OW/OB [high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) <1.5], statistically significant decreases occurred in weight (-1.1 ± 0.5 kg), waist circumference (-3.1 ± 1.4 cm), diastolic blood pressure (-4.1 ± 1.6 mmHg), heart rate [HR; -4.0 ± 1.7 beats per minute (bpm)], triglycerides (-72 ± 38.2 mg/dl), insulin resistance (homeostatic model of insulin resistance) (-0.72 ± 0.3), and insulin (-2.8 ± 1.3 mU/L); an increase in HDL-2b (+303 ± 116 nM) and realignment of LDL lipid subfractions toward a less atherogenic profile [decreased small LDL IIIb (-44 ± 23.5 nM), LDL IIIa (-99 ± 43.7 nM), and increased large LDL I (+66 ± 28.0 nM)]. In the more inflamed OW/OB (hsCRP >1.5), inflammation was reduced at 2 wk (-0.66 mg/L), and HR at 8 wk (-3.4 ± 1.3 bpm). The large HDL subfraction (10.5-14.5 nm) increased at 8 wk (+346 ± 126 nM). Metabolic improvements were also observed in lean participants. Thus, favorable changes in measures of cardiovascular health, insulin resistance, inflammation, and obesity were initiated within 8 wk in the OW/OB by replacing deficiencies in Western diets without requiring other dietary or lifestyle modifications; chronic inflammation blunted most improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C McCann
- *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Mark K Shigenaga
- *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Michele L Mietus-Snyder
- *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Ashutosh Lal
- *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Jung H Suh
- *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Ginny L Gildengorin
- *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Alisa M Goldrich
- *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Devan S Block
- *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Swapna V Shenvi
- *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Tara H McHugh
- *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Don A Olson
- *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
| | - Bruce N Ames
- *Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, USA; Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; and Processed Foods Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service-Western Regional Research Center, Albany, California, USA
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