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Mahla RS, Jones EL, Dustin LB. Ro60-Roles in RNA Processing, Inflammation, and Rheumatic Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7705. [PMID: 39062948 PMCID: PMC11277228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ro60/SSA2 autoantigen is an RNA-binding protein and a core component of nucleocytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes. Ro60 is essential in RNA metabolism, cell stress response pathways, and cellular homeostasis. It stabilises and mediates the quality control and cellular distribution of small RNAs, including YRNAs (for the 'y' in 'cytoplasmic'), retroelement transcripts, and misfolded RNAs. Ro60 transcriptional dysregulation or loss of function can result in the generation and release of RNA fragments from YRNAs and other small RNAs. Small RNA fragments can instigate an inflammatory cascade through endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytoplasmic RNA sensors, which typically sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and mount the first line of defence against invading pathogens. However, the recognition of host-originating RNA moieties from Ro60 RNP complexes can activate inflammatory response pathways and compromise self-tolerance. Autoreactive B cells may produce antibodies targeting extracellular Ro60 RNP complexes. Ro60 autoantibodies serve as diagnostic markers for various autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren's disease (SjD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and they may also act as predictive markers for anti-drug antibody responses among rheumatic patients. Understanding Ro60's structure, function, and role in self-tolerance can enhance our understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Singh Mahla
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
| | | | - Lynn B. Dustin
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK;
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Pan Z, Ke C, Zheng H, Guo X, Gao W, Huang X, Chen C, Xiong Y, Zheng S, Zheng F, Hu W. FERMT1 suppression induces anti-tumor effects and reduces stemness in glioma cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:338. [PMID: 38976072 PMCID: PMC11231014 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05859-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioma is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, its recurrence poses a major challenge in achieving effective treatment outcomes. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have emerged as key contributors to tumor relapse and chemotherapy resistance, making them attractive targets for glioma cancer therapy. This study investigated the potential of FERMT1 as a prognostic biomarker and its role in regulating stemness through cell cycle in glioma. METHODS Using data from TCGA-GBM, GSE4290, GSE50161 and GSE147352 for analysis of FERMT1 expression in glioma tissues. Then, the effects of FERMT1 knockdown on cell cycle, proliferation, sphere formation ability, invasion and migration were investigated. The influences of FERMT1 on expression of glycolysis-related proteins and levels of ATP, glucose, lactate and G6PDH were also explored. Furthermore, the effects of FERMT1 knockdown on cellular metabolism were evidenced. RESULTS Significant upregulation of FERMT1 in glioma tissues was observed. Silencing FERMT1 not only affected the cell cycle but also led to a notable reduction in proliferation, invasion and migration. The expression of glycolysis-associated proteins including GLUT1, GLUT3, GLUT4, and SCO2 were reduced by FERMT1 knockdown, resulted in increased ATP and glucose as well as decreased lactic acid and G6PDH levels. FERMT1 knockdown also inhibited cellular metabolism. Moreover, FERMT1 knockdown significantly reduced sphere diameter, along with inhibiting the expression of transcription factors associated with stemness in glioma cells. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrated that FERMT1 could be an ideal target for the advancement of innovative strategies against glioma treatment via modulating cellular process involved in stemness regulation and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 34# zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Chuhan Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 34# zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Hanlin Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 34# zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Xiumei Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 34# zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 34# zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 34# zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 34# zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 34# zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China
| | - Shuni Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 34# zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China.
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 34# zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China.
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, 34# zhongshan North Road, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, China.
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Lv S, Jiang H, Yu L, Zhang Y, Sun L, Xu J. SNX14 inhibits autophagy via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade in breast cancer cells. J Mol Histol 2024:10.1007/s10735-024-10209-1. [PMID: 38869753 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-024-10209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sorting nexin 14 (SNX14) is a member of the sorting junction protein family. Its specific roles in cancer development remain unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the effects and underlying mechanisms of SNX14 on autophagy of breast cancer cells to aid in the therapeutic treatment of breast cancer. METHODS In this study, we performed in vitro experiments to determine the effect of SNX14 on breast cancer cell growth. Moreover, we used an MCF7 breast cancer tumor-bearing mouse model to confirm the effect of SNX14 on tumor cell growth in vivo. We also performed western blotting and quantitative polymerase chain reaction to identify the mechanism by which SNX14 affects breast cancer MCF7 cells. RESULTS We found that SNX14 regulated the onset and progression of breast cancer by promoting the proliferation and inhibiting the autophagy of MCF7 breast cancer cells. In vivo experiments further confirmed that SNX14 knockdown inhibited the tumorigenicity and inhibited the growth of tumor cells in tumor tissues of nude mice. In addition, western blotting analysis revealed that SNX14 modulate the autophagy of MCF7 breast cancer cells via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that SNX14 is an essential tumor-promoting factor in the development of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Hongyan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lingyan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Liangliang Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Junjun Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Li S, Song J, Liu J, Zhou S, Zhao G, Li T, Huang L, Li J, Weng C. African swine fever virus infection regulates pyroptosis by cleaving gasdermin A via active caspase-3 and caspase-4. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107307. [PMID: 38657868 PMCID: PMC11163174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
African swine fever, caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), is a viral hemorrhagic disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boars. ASFV infection causes extensive tissue damage, and the associated mechanism is poorly understood. Pyroptosis is characterized by the activation of inflammatory caspases and pore formation in the cellular plasma membrane, resulting in the release of inflammatory cytokines and cell damage. How ASFV infection regulates pyroptosis remains unclear. Here, using siRNA assay and overexpression methods, we report that ASFV infection regulated pyroptosis by cleaving the pyroptosis execution protein gasdermin A (GSDMA). ASFV infection activated caspase-3 and caspase-4, which specifically cleaved GSDMA at D75-P76 and D241-V242 to produce GSDMA into five fragments, including GSDMA-N1-75, GSDMA-N1-241, and GSDMA-N76-241 fragments at the N-terminal end of GSDMA. Only GSDMA-N1-241, which was produced in the late stage of ASFV infection, triggered pyroptosis and inhibited ASFV replication. The fragments, GSDMA-N1-75 and GSDMA-N76-241, lose the ability to induce pyroptosis. Overall ASFV infection differentially regulates pyroptosis by GSDMA in the indicated phase, which may be conducive to its own replication. Our findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism for the regulation of pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Song
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shijun Zhou
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Gaihong Zhao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Luo B. The role of pyroptosis in viral infection. Arch Virol 2024; 169:69. [PMID: 38456965 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-024-05978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Pyroptosis, also known as inflammatory necrosis, is a form of programmed cell death, which is an important natural immune response. Pyroptosis plays a major role in combating pathogenic infections. The mechanism of pyroptosis is distinct from other forms of cell death and is characterized by its dependence on inflammatory caspases (mainly caspases 1, 4, 5, and 11). Activation of NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory vesicles is involved in caspase-1 activation and cleavage, which in turn triggers cleavage and multimerization of multiple gasdermin family members, including gasdermin-D (GSDMD). This further leads to cell perforation and cellular distension, causing cell membrane rupture, resulting in a massive efflux of cell contents, which triggers inflammatory reactions. In recent years, detailed study of viral diseases, has demonstrated that pyroptosis is closely associated with the development of viral diseases. This article focuses on the mechanism of pyroptosis and the connection between pyroptosis and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, China.
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Xu J, Liu LY, Zhi FJ, Song YJ, Zhang ZH, Li B, Zheng FY, Gao PC, Zhang SZ, Zhang YY, Zhang Y, Qiu Y, Jiang B, Li YQ, Peng C, Chu YF. DDX5 inhibits inflammation by modulating m6A levels of TLR2/4 transcripts during bacterial infection. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:770-795. [PMID: 38182816 PMCID: PMC10897170 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
DExD/H-box helicases are crucial regulators of RNA metabolism and antiviral innate immune responses; however, their role in bacteria-induced inflammation remains unclear. Here, we report that DDX5 interacts with METTL3 and METTL14 to form an m6A writing complex, which adds N6-methyladenosine to transcripts of toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR4, promoting their decay via YTHDF2-mediated RNA degradation, resulting in reduced expression of TLR2/4. Upon bacterial infection, DDX5 is recruited to Hrd1 at the endoplasmic reticulum in an MyD88-dependent manner and is degraded by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This process disrupts the DDX5 m6A writing complex and halts m6A modification as well as degradation of TLR2/4 mRNAs, thereby promoting the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 and downstream NF-κB activation. The role of DDX5 in regulating inflammation is also validated in vivo, as DDX5- and METTL3-KO mice exhibit enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines. Our findings show that DDX5 acts as a molecular switch to regulate inflammation during bacterial infection and shed light on mechanisms of quiescent inflammation during homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Li-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fei-Jie Zhi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yin-Juan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zi-Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fu-Ying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Su-Zi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ying Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Qing Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Peng
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yue-Feng Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
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7
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Delcher HA, DeMeis JD, Ghobar N, Godang NL, Knight SL, Alqudah SY, Nguyen KN, Watters BC, Borchert GM. SARS-Cov-2 small viral RNA suppresses gene expression via complementary binding to mRNA 3' UTR. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2024; 2024:10.17912/micropub.biology.000790. [PMID: 38312351 PMCID: PMC10835431 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (SC2) has been intensely studied since its emergence. However, the mechanisms of host immune dysregulation triggered by SC2 remain poorly understood. That said, it is well established that many prominent viral families encode microRNAs (miRNAs) or related small viral RNAs (svRNAs) capable of regulating human genes involved in immune function. Importantly, recent reports have shown that SC2 encodes its own svRNAs. In this study, we have identified 12 svRNAs expressed during SC2 infection and show that one of these svRNAs can regulate target gene expression via complementary binding to mRNA 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) much like human microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley A Delcher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | - Jeffrey D DeMeis
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | - Nicole Ghobar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | - Noel L Godang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | - Sierra L Knight
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | - Shahem Y Alqudah
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | - Kevin N Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | - Brianna C Watters
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
| | - Glen M Borchert
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL
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8
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Zhang S, Zeng L, Su BQ, Yang GY, Wang J, Ming SL, Chu BB. The glycoprotein 5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus stimulates mitochondrial ROS to facilitate viral replication. mBio 2023; 14:e0265123. [PMID: 38047681 PMCID: PMC10746205 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02651-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) presents a significant economic concern for the global swine industry due to its connection to serious production losses and increased mortality rates. There is currently no specific treatment for PRRSV. Previously, we had uncovered that PRRSV-activated lipophagy to facilitate viral replication. However, the precise mechanism that PRRSV used to trigger autophagy remained unclear. Here, we found that PRRSV GP5 enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake from ER by promoting ER-mitochondria contact, resulting in mROS release. Elevated mROS induced autophagy, which alleviated NLRP3 inflammasome activation for optimal viral replication. Our study shed light on a novel mechanism revealing how PRRSV exploits mROS to facilitate viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bing-Qian Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Sheng-Li Ming
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Bei-Bei Chu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Growth and Development, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- International Joint Research Center of National Animal Immunology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Animal Pathogens and Biosafety, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
- Longhu Advanced Immunization Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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9
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Bi W, Kraft A, Engelskircher S, Mischke J, Witte M, Klawonn F, van Ham M, Cornberg M, Wedemeyer H, Hengst J, Jänsch L. Proteomics reveals a global phenotypic shift of NK cells in HCV patients treated with direct-acting antivirals. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250291. [PMID: 37515498 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections compromise natural killer (NK)-cell immunity. Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) effectively eliminate HCV, but the long-term effects on NK cells in cured patients are debated. We conducted a proteomic study on CD56+ NK cells of chronic HCV-infected patients before and 1 year after DAA therapy. Donor-variation was observed in NK-cell proteomes of HCV-infected patients, with 46 dysregulated proteins restored after DAA therapy. However, 30% of the CD56+ NK-cell proteome remained altered 1 year post-therapy, indicating a phenotypic shift with low donor-variation. NK cells from virus-negative cured patients exhibited global regulation of RNA-processing and pathways related to "stimuli response", "chemokine signaling", and "cytotoxicity regulation". Proteomics identified downregulation of vesicle transport components (CD107a, COPI/II complexes) and altered receptor expression profiles, indicating an inhibited NK-cell phenotype. Yet, activated NK cells from HCV patients before and after therapy effectively upregulated IFN-γ and recruited CD107a. Conversely, reduced surface expression levels of Tim-3 and 2B4 were observed before and after therapy. In conclusion, this study reveals long-term effects on the CD56+ NK-cell compartment in convalescent HCV patients 1 year after therapy, with limited abundance of vesicle transport complexes and surface receptors, associated with a responsive NK-cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Bi
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province & Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
- Cellular Proteome Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Anke Kraft
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Engelskircher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mischke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Moana Witte
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Cellular Proteome Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Ostfalia University, Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - Marco van Ham
- Cellular Proteome Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- TWINCORE, A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz-Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and the Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CiiM), A Joint Venture Between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI) and Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Resolving Infection Susceptibility (RESIST; EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Hengst
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Cellular Proteome Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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10
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Li J, Song J, Zhou S, Li S, Liu J, Li T, Zhang Z, Zhang X, He X, Chen W, Zheng J, Zhao D, Bu Z, Huang L, Weng C. Development of a new effective African swine fever virus vaccine candidate by deletion of the H240R and MGF505-7R genes results in protective immunity against the Eurasia strain. J Virol 2023; 97:e0070423. [PMID: 37768081 PMCID: PMC10617561 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00704-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF) caused by ASF virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious and acute hemorrhagic viral disease in domestic pigs. Until now, no effective commercial vaccine and antiviral drugs are available for ASF control. Here, we generated a new live-attenuated vaccine candidate (ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R) by deleting H240R and MGF505-7R genes from the highly pathogenic ASFV HLJ/18 genome. Piglets immunized with ASFV-ΔH240R-Δ7R were safe without any ASF-related signs and produced specific antibodies against p30. Challenged with a virulent ASFV HLJ/18, the piglets immunized with high-dose group (105 HAD50) exhibited 100% protection without clinical symptoms, showing that low levels of virus replication with no observed pathogenicity by postmortem and histological analysis. Overall, our results provided a new strategy by designing live-attenuated vaccine candidate, resulting in protection against ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jie Song
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shijun Zhou
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xijun He
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiye Chen
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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11
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Liu L, Zhang S, Zhi F, Song Y, Li B, Gao P, Zhang Y, Ma K, Xu J, Jiang B, Chu Y, Li Y, Qin J. RNA helicase DExD/H-box 5 modulates intestinal microbiota in mice. Microb Pathog 2023; 182:106265. [PMID: 37482112 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The RNA helicase DExD/H-box (DDX) family of proteins plays a central role in host cellular RNA metabolism, including mRNA regulation, microRNA biogenesis, and ribosomal processing. DDX5, also known as p68, promotes viral replication and tumorigenesis. However, there have been no studies on the regulation of the intestinal microbiota by DDX family proteins. We constructed DDX5 knockout mice (Ddx5+/-) using CRISPR/CAS9 technology. Subsequently, DDX5 knockout mice were analyzed for PCR products, mRNA levels, protein expression, immunohistochemistry, and histopathological lesions. Fecal (n = 12) and ileum (n = 12) samples were collected from the Ddx5+/- and wild-type (Ddx5+/+) mice. The diversity, richness, and structural separation of the intestinal microbiota of the Ddx5+/- and Ddx5+/+ mice were determined by 16S rRNA sequencing and analysis. Ddx5+/- mice were successfully established, and the ileum had normal morphology, a clear layer of tissue structures, and neatly arranged cupped cells. DDX5 knockout mice did not exhibit adverse effects on the ileal tissue. Microbial diversity and abundance were not significantly different, but the microbial structure of the intestinal microbiota was clustered separately between Ddx5+/+ and Ddx5+/- mice. Furthermore, we found that the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 in the Ddx5+/- mice was significantly lower than in the Ddx5+/+ mice. These analyses indicated specific interactions between the intestinal microbiota and DDX5 protein. Our results indicate that DDX5 has a significant effect on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in mice, suggesting its potential as a promising novel target for the treatment of inflammation and tumorigenesis in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071001, China; State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China
| | - Silan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830091, China
| | - Feijie Zhi
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China
| | - Yinjuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830091, China
| | - Pengchen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China
| | - Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China
| | - Jian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830091, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yuefeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Province, 830091, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071001, China.
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12
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Chen X, Zheng J, Li T, Liu C, Bao M, Wang X, Li X, Li J, Huang L, Zhang Z, Weng C. Coreceptor AXL Facilitates African Swine Fever Virus Entry via Apoptotic Mimicry. J Virol 2023; 97:e0061623. [PMID: 37382521 PMCID: PMC10373532 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00616-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is an acute and hemorrhagic infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), which is listed as an animal epidemic disease that must be reported by The World Organization for Animal Health and that causes serious economic losses to China and even the whole world. Currently, the entry mechanism of ASFV is not fully understood. Especially in the early stages of virus entry, the host factors required for ASFV entry have not yet been identified and characterized. In this study, we demonstrated that ASFV externalized phosphatidylserine (PS) on the envelope functioned as viral apoptotic mimicry, which interacts with AXL, a tyrosine kinase receptor, to mediate ASFV entry into porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). We found that AXL was the most pronounced phosphatidylserine receptor (PSR) affecting ASFV entry in PAMs by RNA interference screening. Knockout AXL gene expression remarkably decreased ASFV internalization and replication in MA104 cells. Furthermore, the antibody against AXL extracellular domains effectively inhibited the ASFV entry. Consistent with these results, the deletion of the intracellular kinase domain of AXL and the treatment of the AXL inhibitor, R428, significantly inhibited the internalization of ASFV. Mechanistically, AXL facilitated the internalization of ASFV virions via macropinocytosis. Collectively, we provide evidence that AXL is a coreceptor for ASFV entry into PAMs, which expands our knowledge of ASFV entry and provides a theoretical basis for identifying new antiviral targets. IMPORTANCE African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the ASF virus (ASFV), with a mortality rate of up to 100%. ASFV has caused huge economic losses to pig farming worldwide. Specific cellular surface receptors are considered crucial determinants of ASFV tropism. However, the host factors required for ASFV entry have not yet been identified, and the molecular mechanism of its entry remains unclear. Here, we found that ASFV utilized phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of virions to masquerade as apoptotic mimicry and facilitated virus entry by interacting with host factor AXL. We found that knockout of AXL remarkably decreased ASFV internalization and replication. The antibody against AXL extracellular domains and AXL inhibitor R428 significantly inhibited the internalization of ASFV via macropinocytosis. The current work deepens our understanding of ASFV entry and provides clues for the development of antiviral drugs to control ASFV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanxia Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Miaofei Bao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
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13
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Wei Y, Dai G, Huang M, Wen L, Chen RA, Liu DX. Construction of an infectious cloning system of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and identification of glycoprotein 5 as a potential determinant of virulence and pathogenicity. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1227485. [PMID: 37547693 PMCID: PMC10397516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1227485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection of pigs causes a variety of clinical manifestations, depending on the pathogenicity and virulence of the specific strain. Identification and characterization of potential determinant(s) for the pathogenicity and virulence of these strains would be an essential step to precisely design and develop effective anti-PRRSV intervention. In this study, we report the construction of an infectious clone system based on PRRSV vaccine strain SP by homologous recombination technique, and the rescue of a chimeric rSP-HUB2 strain by replacing the GP5 and M protein-coding region from SP strain with the corresponding region from a highly pathogenic strain PRRSV-HUB2. The two recombinant viruses were shown to be genetically stable and share similar growth kinetics, with rSP-HUB2 exhibiting apparent growth and fitness advantages. Compared to in cells infected with PRRSV-rSP, infection of cells with rSP-HUB2 showed significantly more inhibition of the induction of type I interferon (IFN-β) and interferon stimulator gene 56 (ISG56), and significantly more promotion of the induction of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, ISG15 and ISG20. Further overexpression, deletion and mutagenesis studies demonstrated that amino acid residue F16 in the N-terminal region of the GP5 protein from HUB2 was a determinant for the phenotypic difference between the two recombinant viruses. This study provides evidence that GP5 may function as a potential determinant for the pathogenicity and virulence of highly pathogenic PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wei
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo Dai
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei Huang
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianghai Wen
- Zhaoqing Institute of Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Rui Ai Chen
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
| | - Ding Xiang Liu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Zhaoqing Branch Center of Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing, Guangdong, China
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14
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Li T, Li X, Wang X, Chen X, Zhao G, Liu C, Bao M, Song J, Li J, Huang L, Rong J, Tian K, Deng J, Zhu J, Cai X, Bu Z, Zheng J, Weng C. African swine fever virus pS273R antagonizes stress granule formation by cleaving the nucleating protein G3BP1 to facilitate viral replication. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104844. [PMID: 37209818 PMCID: PMC10404608 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs) are generally triggered by stress-induced translation arrest for storing mRNAs. Recently, it has been shown that SGs are regulated by different stimulators including viral infection, which is involved in the antiviral activity of host cells to limit viral propagation. To survive, several viruses have been reported to execute various strategies, such as modulating SG formation, to create optimal surroundings for viral replication. African swine fever virus (ASFV) is one of the most notorious pathogens in the global pig industry. However, the interplay between ASFV infection and SG formation remains largely unknown. In this study, we found that ASFV infection inhibited SG formation. Through SG inhibitory screening, we found that several ASFV-encoded proteins are involved in inhibition of SG formation. Among them, an ASFV S273R protein (pS273R), the only cysteine protease encoded by the ASFV genome, significantly affected SG formation. ASFV pS273R interacted with G3BP1 (Ras-GTPase-activating protein [SH3 domain] binding protein 1), a vital nucleating protein of SG formation. Furthermore, we found that ASFV pS273R cleaved G3BP1 at the G140-F141 to produce two fragments (G3BP1-N1-140 and G3BP1-C141-456). Interestingly, both the pS273R-cleaved fragments of G3BP1 lost the ability to induce SG formation and antiviral activity. Taken together, our finding reveals that the proteolytic cleavage of G3BP1 by ASFV pS273R is a novel mechanism by which ASFV counteracts host stress and innate antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Xuewen Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China; College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Gaihong Zhao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanxia Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Miaofei Bao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Song
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Rong
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Kegong Tian
- National Research Center for Veterinary Medicine, Luoyang, China
| | - Junhua Deng
- Luoyang Putai Biotechnology Co, Ltd, Luoyang, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xuehui Cai
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China.
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China; Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, China.
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15
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Qi C, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Li J, Hu Y, Li L, Ge S, Wang Q, Wang Y, Wu X, Wang Z. Development and application of a TaqMan-based real-time PCR method for the detection of the ASFV MGF505-7R gene. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1093733. [PMID: 37256000 PMCID: PMC10226079 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1093733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), the etiological agent of African swine fever (ASF), causes deadly hemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs. ASF's high mortality and morbidity have had disastrous effects on the world's swine industry. In recent years, the number of African swine virus strains has increased and presented new challenges for detecting classical ASFV-p72-based viruses. In this study, we observed that the ASFV MGF505-7R gene, a member of the multigene family that can enhance ASFV virulence and pathogenesis, has the potential to be a candidate for vaccine formulations. We also developed a real-time PCR assay based on the ASFV MGF505-7R gene and validated it in multiple aspects. The results indicated that the approach could detect standard plasmids with a sensitivity and a specificity of up to 1 × 101 copies/μL. Moreover, the assay had no cross-reactions with other porcine viruses. In laboratory and clinical settings, the assay can detect ASFV-infected samples at an early stage (4 hpi) and show a consistency of 92.56% when compared with classical ASFV detection in clinically ASFV-infected materials. This study's results also indicated that the TaqMan-based quantitative real-time PCR assay we developed for detecting the ASFV MGF505-7R gene is both sensitive and specific. This assay can provide a quick and accurate method for detecting ASFV and has the potential to be used as an optional tool for screening and monitoring ASF outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxiang Qi
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinming Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxin Hu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Li
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shengqiang Ge
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yingli Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiliang Wang
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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16
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Chen XX, Qiao S, Li R, Wang J, Li X, Zhang G. Evasion strategies of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1140449. [PMID: 37007469 PMCID: PMC10063791 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1140449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During the co-evolution of viruses and their hosts, viruses have developed various strategies for overcoming host immunological defenses so that they can proliferate efficiently. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), a significant virus to the swine industry across the world, typically establishes prolonged infection via diverse and complicated mechanisms, which is one of the biggest obstacles for controlling the associated disease, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). In this review, we summarize the latest research on how PRRSV circumvents host antiviral responses from both the innate and adaptive immune systems and how this virus utilizes other evasion mechanisms, such as the manipulation of host apoptosis and microRNA. A thorough understanding of the exact mechanisms of PRRSV immune evasion will help with the development of novel antiviral strategies against PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xuewu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Vimentin inhibits type I interferon production by disrupting the TBK1-IKKε-IRF3 axis. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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A New Long Noncoding RNA, MAHAT, Inhibits Replication of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus by Recruiting DDX6 To Bind to ZNF34 and Promote an Innate Immune Response. J Virol 2022; 96:e0115422. [PMID: 36073922 PMCID: PMC9517731 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01154-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have increasingly been recognized as being integral to cellular processes, including the antiviral immune response. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is costly to the global swine industry. To identify PRRSV-related lncRNAs, we performed RNA deep sequencing and compared the profiles of lncRNAs in PRRSV-infected and uninfected Marc-145 cells. We identified a novel lncRNA called MAHAT (maintaining cell morphology-associated and highly conserved antiviral transcript; LTCON_00080558) that inhibits PRRSV replication. MAHAT binds and negatively regulates ZNF34 expression by recruiting and binding DDX6, an RNA helicase forming a complex with ZNF34. Inhibition of ZNF34 expression results in increased type I interferon expression and decreased PRRSV replication. This finding reveals a novel mechanism by which PRRSV evades the host antiviral innate immune response by downregulating the MAHAT-DDX6-ZNF34 pathway. MAHAT could be a host factor target for antiviral therapies against PRRSV infection. IMPORTANCE Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in viral infection by regulating the transcription and expression of host genes, and interferon signaling pathways. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes huge economic losses in the swine industry worldwide, but the mechanisms of its pathogenesis and immunology are not fully understood. Here, a new lncRNA, designated MAHAT, was identified as a regulator of host innate immune responses. MAHAT negatively regulates the expression of its target gene, ZNF34, by recruiting and binding DDX6, an RNA helicase, forming a complex with ZNF34. Inhibition of ZNF34 expression increases type I interferon expression and decreases PRRSV replication. This finding suggests that MAHAT has potential as a new target for developing antiviral drugs against PRRSV infection.
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19
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Yu HB, Xiong J, Zhang HZ, Chen Q, Xie XY. TGFβ1-transfected tendon stem cells promote tendon fibrosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:358. [PMID: 35864537 PMCID: PMC9306186 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In aged people, tendon injuries frequently occur during sporting and daily activities. In clinical practice, typical physiotherapeutic, pharmacotherapeutic, and surgical techniques do not result in the full recovery of injured tendons, which may lead to chronic degenerative disease. Methods We first isolated tendon stem cells (TSCs) from rats and transfected them with the TGFβ1 gene, resulting in TGFβ1-TSCs. The proliferation of TSCs was detected using the Cell Counting Kit 8, and TSCs were identified by immunofluorescence analysis and differentiation capacity analysis. Aggrecan, COL2A1, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and p-Smad2 expression levels were detected using western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, a tendon injury model was generated to explore the effect of TGFβ1 on the repair of the tendon by TSCs. Results Compared with fibrinogen treatment, TSC + fibrinogen or TGFβ1-TSC + fibrinogen treatment significantly promoted the fibrosis of injured tendons, as evidenced by histological analyses, with TGFβ1-TSC + fibrinogen having a greater effect than TSC + fibrinogen. In TGFβ1-TSCs, increased expression levels of aggrecan and COL2A1 indicated that TGFβ1 signaling induced chondrogenic differentiation. Meanwhile, the increased collagen and α-SMA protein levels indicated that TGFβ1 promoted fibrogenesis. Additionally, TGFβ1 stimulated the production of phosphorylated Smad2 in TSCs, which suggested that the chondrogenic and fibrogenic differentiation of TSCs, as well as tissue regeneration, may be associated with the TGFβ1/Smad2 pathway. Conclusion TGFβ1-TSC therapy may be a candidate for effective tendon fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Yu
- Department of Sports & Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Jiujiang City, No. 48 of Taling Street, Jiujiang District, Jiujiang, 332000, China.
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Sports & Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Jiujiang City, No. 48 of Taling Street, Jiujiang District, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Hui-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Sports & Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Jiujiang City, No. 48 of Taling Street, Jiujiang District, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Sports & Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Jiujiang City, No. 48 of Taling Street, Jiujiang District, Jiujiang, 332000, China
| | - Xu-Yong Xie
- Department of Sports & Rehabilitation Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Jiujiang City, No. 48 of Taling Street, Jiujiang District, Jiujiang, 332000, China
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20
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PRRSV Infection Induces Gasdermin D-Driven Pyroptosis of Porcine Alveolar Macrophages through NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. J Virol 2022; 96:e0212721. [PMID: 35758658 PMCID: PMC9327688 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02127-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For more than 3 decades, mounting evidence has associated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection with late-term abortions and stillbirths in sows and respiratory disease in piglets, causing enormous economic losses to the global swine industry. However, to date, the underlying mechanisms of PRRSV-triggered cell death have not been well clarified, especially in the pulmonary inflammatory injury characterized by the massive release of pro-inflammatory factors. Here, we demonstrated that PRRSV infection triggered gasdermin D-mediated host pyroptosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PRRSV infection triggered disassembly of the trans-Golgi network (TGN); the dispersed TGN then acted as a scaffold for NLRP3 activation through phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate. In addition, PRRSV replication-transcription complex (RTC) formation stimulated TGN dispersion and pyroptotic cell death. Furthermore, our results indicated that TMEM41B, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident host protein, functioned as a crucial host factor in the formation of PRRSV RTC, which is surrounded by the intermediate filament network. Collectively, these findings uncover new insights into clinical features as previously unrecognized mechanisms for PRRSV-induced pathological effects, which may be conducive to providing treatment options for PRRSV-associated diseases and may be conserved during infection by other highly pathogenic viruses. IMPORTANCE Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the pathogens responsible for major economic losses in the global swine industry. Characterizing the detailed process by which PRRSV induces cell death pathways will help us better understand viral pathogenesis and provide implications for therapeutic intervention against PRRSV. Here, we showed that PRRSV infection induces GSDMD-driven host pyroptosis and IL-1β secretion through NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of PRRSV-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis are elucidated here. The dispersed trans-Golgi network (TGN) induced by PRRSV serves as a scaffold for NLRP3 aggregation into multiple puncta via phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PtdIns4P). Moreover, the formation of PRRSV replication-transcription complex is essential for TGN dispersion and host pyroptosis. This research advances our understanding of the PRRSV-mediated inflammatory response and cell death pathways, paving the way for the development of effective treatments for PRRSV diseases.
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21
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Rao S, Mahmoudi T. DEAD-ly Affairs: The Roles of DEAD-Box Proteins on HIV-1 Viral RNA Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:917599. [PMID: 35769258 PMCID: PMC9234453 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.917599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to ensure viral gene expression, Human Immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) recruits numerous host proteins that promote optimal RNA metabolism of the HIV-1 viral RNAs (vRNAs), such as the proteins of the DEAD-box family. The DEAD-box family of RNA helicases regulates multiple steps of RNA metabolism and processing, including transcription, splicing, nucleocytoplasmic export, trafficking, translation and turnover, mediated by their ATP-dependent RNA unwinding ability. In this review, we provide an overview of the functions and role of all DEAD-box family protein members thus far described to influence various aspects of HIV-1 vRNA metabolism. We describe the molecular mechanisms by which HIV-1 hijacks these host proteins to promote its gene expression and we discuss the implications of these interactions during viral infection, their possible roles in the maintenance of viral latency and in inducing cell death. We also speculate on the emerging potential of pharmacological inhibitors of DEAD-box proteins as novel therapeutics to control the HIV-1 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shringar Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Shringar Rao, ; Tokameh Mahmoudi,
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Shringar Rao, ; Tokameh Mahmoudi,
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22
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Samir P, Kanneganti TD. DEAD/H-Box Helicases in Immunity, Inflammation, Cell Differentiation, and Cell Death and Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1608. [PMID: 35626643 PMCID: PMC9139286 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DEAD/H-box proteins are the largest family of RNA helicases in mammalian genomes, and they are present in all kingdoms of life. Since their discovery in the late 1980s, DEAD/H-box family proteins have been a major focus of study. They have been found to play central roles in RNA metabolism, gene expression, signal transduction, programmed cell death, and the immune response to bacterial and viral infections. Aberrant functions of DEAD/H-box proteins have been implicated in a wide range of human diseases that include cancer, neurodegeneration, and inherited genetic disorders. In this review, we provide a historical context and discuss the molecular functions of DEAD/H-box proteins, highlighting the recent discoveries linking their dysregulation to human diseases. We will also discuss the state of knowledge regarding two specific DEAD/H-box proteins that have critical roles in immune responses and programmed cell death, DDX3X and DDX58, also known as RIG-I. Given their importance in homeostasis and disease, an improved understanding of DEAD/H-box protein biology and protein-protein interactions will be critical for informing strategies to counteract the pathogenesis associated with several human diseases.
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23
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Chan CP, Jin DY. Cytoplasmic RNA sensors and their interplay with RNA-binding partners in innate antiviral response: theme and variations. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 28:449-477. [PMID: 35031583 PMCID: PMC8925969 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079016.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sensing of pathogen-associated molecular patterns including viral RNA by innate immunity represents the first line of defense against viral infection. In addition to RIG-I-like receptors and NOD-like receptors, several other RNA sensors are known to mediate innate antiviral response in the cytoplasm. Double-stranded RNA-binding protein PACT interacts with prototypic RNA sensor RIG-I to facilitate its recognition of viral RNA and induction of host interferon response, but variations of this theme are seen when the functions of RNA sensors are modulated by other RNA-binding proteins to impinge on antiviral defense, proinflammatory cytokine production and cell death programs. Their discrete and coordinated actions are crucial to protect the host from infection. In this review, we will focus on cytoplasmic RNA sensors with an emphasis on their interplay with RNA-binding partners. Classical sensors such as RIG-I will be briefly reviewed. More attention will be brought to new insights on how RNA-binding partners of RNA sensors modulate innate RNA sensing and how viruses perturb the functions of RNA-binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ping Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Faculty of Medicine Building, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, Faculty of Medicine Building, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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24
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Li J, Wang D, Fang P, Pang Y, Zhou Y, Fang L, Xiao S. DEAD-Box RNA Helicase 21 (DDX21) Positively Regulates the Replication of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus via Multiple Mechanisms. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030467. [PMID: 35336874 PMCID: PMC8949431 DOI: 10.3390/v14030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains a persistent hazard in the global pig industry. DEAD (Glu-Asp-Ala-Glu) box helicase 21 (DDX21) is a member of the DDX family. In addition to its function of regulating cellular RNA metabolism, DDX21 also regulates innate immunity and is involved in the replication cycle of some viruses. However, the relationship between DDX21 and PRRSV has not yet been explored. Here, we found that a DDX21 overexpression promoted PRRSV replication, whereas knockdown of DDX21 reduced PRRSV proliferation. Mechanistically, DDX21 promoted PRRSV replication independently of its ATPase, RNA helicase, and foldase activities. Furthermore, overexpression of DDX21 stabilized the expressions of PRRSV nsp1α, nsp1β, and nucleocapsid proteins, three known antagonists of interferon β (IFN-β). Knockdown of DDX21 activated the IFN-β signaling pathway in PRRSV-infected cells, suggesting that the effect of DDX21 on PRRSV-encoded IFN-β antagonists may be a driving factor for its contribution to viral proliferation. We also found that PRRSV infection enhanced DDX21 expression and promoted its nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation. Screening PRRSV-encoded proteins showed that nsp1β interacted with the C-terminus of DDX21 and enhanced the expression of DDX21. Taken together, these findings reveal that DDX21 plays an important role in regulating PRRSV proliferation through multiple mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (D.W.); (P.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.Z.); (L.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (D.W.); (P.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.Z.); (L.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Puxian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (D.W.); (P.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.Z.); (L.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (D.W.); (P.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.Z.); (L.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (D.W.); (P.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.Z.); (L.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (D.W.); (P.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.Z.); (L.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (J.L.); (D.W.); (P.F.); (Y.P.); (Y.Z.); (L.F.)
- The Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence:
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25
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Yang K, Xue Y, Niu H, Shi C, Cheng M, Wang J, Zou B, Wang J, Niu T, Bao M, Yang W, Zhao D, Jiang Y, Yang G, Zeng Y, Cao X, Wang C. African swine fever virus MGF360-11L negatively regulates cGAS-STING-mediated inhibition of type I interferon production. Vet Res 2022; 53:7. [PMID: 35073979 PMCID: PMC8785597 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-022-01025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling pathway is an important part of the innate immune response and plays a vital role in controlling and eliminating pathogens. African swine fever virus (ASFV) encodes various proteins to evade the host's natural immunity. However, the molecular mechanism by which the ASFV-encoded proteins inhibit interferon production remains poorly understood. In the present study, ASFV MGF360-11L inhibited cGAS, STING, TBK1, IKKε, IRF7 and IRF3-5D mediated activation of the IFN-β and ISRE promoters, accompanied by decreases in IFN-β, ISG15 and ISG56 mRNA expression. ASFV MGF360-11L interacted with TBK1 and IRF7, degrading TBK1 and IRF7 through the cysteine, ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy pathways. Moreover, ASFV MGF360-11L also inhibited the phosphorylation of TBK1 and IRF3 stimulated by cGAS-STING overexpression. Truncation mutation analysis revealed that aa 167-353 of ASFV MGF360-11L could inhibit cGAS-STING-mediated activation of the IFN-β and ISRE promoters. Finally, the results indicated that ASFV MGF360-11L plays a significant role in inhibiting IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-β production in PAM cells (PAMs) infected with ASFV. In short, these results demonstrated that ASFV MGF360-11L was involved in regulating IFN-I expression by negatively regulating the cGAS signaling pathway. In summary, this study preliminarily clarified the molecular mechanism by which the ASFV MGF360-11L protein antagonizes IFN-I-mediated antiviral activity, which will help to provide new strategies for the treatment and prevention of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hui Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunwei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Mingyang Cheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianzhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Boshi Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Junhong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianming Niu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Meiying Bao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wentao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanlong Jiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guilian Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China. .,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xin Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China. .,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
| | - Chunfeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China. .,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Microecology and Healthy Breeding, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China. .,Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
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26
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Su C, Tang YD, Zheng C. DExD/H-box helicases: multifunctional regulators in antiviral innate immunity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:2. [PMID: 34910251 PMCID: PMC8671602 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04072-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DExD/H-box helicases play critical roles in multiple cellular processes, including transcription, cellular RNA metabolism, translation, and infections. Several seminal studies over the past decades have delineated the distinct functions of DExD/H-box helicases in regulating antiviral innate immune signaling pathways, including Toll-like receptors, retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-the stimulator of interferon gene, and NOD-like receptors signaling pathways. Besides the prominent regulatory roles, there is increasing attention on their functions as nucleic acid sensors involved in antiviral innate immunity. Here we summarize the complex regulatory roles of DExD/H-box helicases in antiviral innate immunity. A better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms of DExD/H-box helicases' regulatory roles is vital for developing new therapeutics targeting DExD/H-box helicases and their mediated signaling transduction in viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhe Su
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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27
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Zhao G, Li T, Liu X, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Kang L, Song J, Zhou S, Chen X, Wang X, Li J, Huang L, Li C, Bu Z, Zheng J, Weng C. African swine fever virus cysteine protease pS273R inhibits pyroptosis by noncanonically cleaving gasdermin D. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101480. [PMID: 34890644 PMCID: PMC8728581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a viral hemorrhagic disease that affects domestic pigs and wild boar and is caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). The ASFV virion contains a long double-stranded DNA genome, which encodes more than 150 proteins. However, the immune escape mechanism and pathogenesis of ASFV remain poorly understood. Here, we report that the pyroptosis execution protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a new binding partner of ASFV-encoded protein S273R (pS273R), which belongs to the SUMO-1 cysteine protease family. Further experiments demonstrated that ASFV pS273R-cleaved swine GSDMD in a manner dependent on its protease activity. ASFV pS273R specifically cleaved GSDMD at G107-A108 to produce a shorter N-terminal fragment of GSDMD consisting of residues 1 to 107 (GSDMD-N1–107). Interestingly, unlike the effect of GSDMD-N1–279 fragment produced by caspase-1-mediated cleavage, the assay of LDH release, cell viability, and virus replication showed that GSDMD-N1–107 did not trigger pyroptosis or inhibit ASFV replication. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism involved in the inhibition of ASFV infection-induced pyroptosis, which highlights an important function of pS273R in inflammatory responses and ASFV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaihong Zhao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Xuemin Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Taoqing Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoxia Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Jie Song
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Shijun Zhou
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Changyao Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China.
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin, China.
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28
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Wang SB, Narendran S, Hirahara S, Varshney A, Pereira F, Apicella I, Ambati M, Ambati VL, Yerramothu P, Ambati K, Nagasaka Y, Argyle D, Huang P, Baker KL, Marion KM, Gupta K, Liu B, Hinton DR, Canna SW, Sallam T, Sadda SR, Kerur N, Gelfand BD, Ambati J. DDX17 is an essential mediator of sterile NLRC4 inflammasome activation by retrotransposon RNAs. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabi4493. [PMID: 34860583 PMCID: PMC8767314 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi4493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Detection of microbial products by multiprotein complexes known as inflammasomes is pivotal to host defense against pathogens. Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) CARD domain containing 4 (NLRC4) forms an inflammasome in response to bacterial products; this requires their detection by NLR family apoptosis inhibitory proteins (NAIPs), with which NLRC4 physically associates. However, the mechanisms underlying sterile NLRC4 inflammasome activation, which is implicated in chronic noninfectious diseases, remain unknown. Here, we report that endogenous short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) RNAs, which promote atrophic macular degeneration (AMD) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), induce NLRC4 inflammasome activation independent of NAIPs. We identify DDX17, a DExD/H box RNA helicase, as the sensor of SINE RNAs that licenses assembly of an inflammasome comprising NLRC4, NLR pyrin domain–containing protein 3, and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein–containing CARD and induces caspase-1 activation and cytokine release. Inhibiting DDX17-mediated NLRC4 inflammasome activation decreased interleukin-18 release in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with SLE and prevented retinal degeneration in an animal model of AMD. Our findings uncover a previously unrecognized noncanonical NLRC4 inflammasome activated by endogenous retrotransposons and provide potential therapeutic targets for SINE RNA–driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-bin Wang
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Siddharth Narendran
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Aravind Eye Care System, Madurai, India
| | - Shuichiro Hirahara
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Akhil Varshney
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Felipe Pereira
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Departamento de Oftalmologia e Ciências Visuais, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Ivana Apicella
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Meenakshi Ambati
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Center for Digital Image Evaluation, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vidya L. Ambati
- Center for Digital Image Evaluation, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Praveen Yerramothu
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kameshwari Ambati
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yosuke Nagasaka
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Dionne Argyle
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Peirong Huang
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Kartik Gupta
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David R. Hinton
- Departments of Pathology and Ophthalmology, USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Scott W. Canna
- Pediatric Rheumatology & RK Mellon Institute for Pediatric Research, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Tamer Sallam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, Center for Health Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Srinivas R. Sadda
- Doheny Eye Institute, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nagaraj Kerur
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bradley D. Gelfand
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jayakrishna Ambati
- Center for Advanced Vision Science, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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29
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Huang L, Xu W, Liu H, Xue M, Liu X, Zhang K, Hu L, Li J, Liu X, Xiang Z, Zheng J, Li C, Chen W, Bu Z, Xiong T, Weng C. African Swine Fever Virus pI215L Negatively Regulates cGAS-STING Signaling Pathway through Recruiting RNF138 to Inhibit K63-Linked Ubiquitination of TBK1. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2754-2769. [PMID: 34759016 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever is a severe animal infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV), and the morbidity and mortality associated with virulent ASFV isolates are as high as 100%. Previous studies showed that the ability of ASFV to antagonize IFN production is closely related to its pathogenicity. Here, we report that ASFV HLJ/18 infection induced low levels of type I IFN and inhibited cGMP-AMP-induced type I IFN production in porcine alveolar macrophages that were isolated from specific pathogen-free Landrace piglets. Subsequently, an unbiased screen was performed to screen the ASFV genes with inhibitory effects on the type I IFN production. ASFV pI215L, a viral E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, was identified as one of the strongest inhibitory effectors on the production of type I IFN. Knockdown of pI215L expression inhibited ASFV replication and enhanced IFN-β production. However, inhibition of type I IFN production by pI215L was independent of its E2 enzyme activity. Furthermore, we found that pI215L inhibited type I IFN production and K63-linked polyubiquitination of TANK-binding kinase 1 through pI215L-binding RING finger protein 138 (RNF138). ASFV pI215L enhanced the interaction between RNF138 and RNF128 and promoted RNF138 to degrade RNF128, which resulted in reduced K63-linked polyubiquitination of TANK-binding kinase 1 and type І IFN production. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel immune escape mechanism of ASFV, which provides a clue to the design and development of an immune-sensitive attenuated live vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and.,College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Mengdi Xue
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Kunli Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Liang Hu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Xuemin Liu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Zhida Xiang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and.,College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Changyao Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Weiye Chen
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Zhigao Bu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and
| | - Tao Xiong
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China; and .,College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
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30
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Li T, Zhao G, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Chen X, Song J, Wang X, Li J, Huang L, Wen L, Li C, Zhao D, He X, Bu Z, Zheng J, Weng C. African Swine Fever Virus pE199L Induces Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis. Viruses 2021; 13:2240. [PMID: 34835046 PMCID: PMC8617669 DOI: 10.3390/v13112240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a severe hemorrhagic disease in swine characterized by massive lymphocyte depletion and cell death, with apoptosis and necrosis in infected lymphoid tissues. However, the molecular mechanism regarding ASFV-induced cell death remains largely unknown. In this study, 94 ASFV-encoded proteins were screened to determine the viral proteins involved in cell death in vitro, and pE199L showed the most significant effect. Ectopic expression of pE199L in porcine cells (CRL-2843) and human cells (HEK293T and HeLa cells) induced cell death remarkably, showing obvious shrinking, blistering, apoptotic bodies, and nuclear DNA fragments. Meanwhile, cell death was markedly alleviated when the expression of pE199L was knocked down during ASFV infection. Additionally, the expression of pE199L caused a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome C, and caspase-9 and -3/7 activation, indicating that the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway was involved in pE199L-induced apoptosis. Further investigations showed that pE199L interacted with several anti-apoptotic BCL-2 subfamily members (such as BCL-XL, MCL-1, BCL-W, and BCL-2A1) and competed with BAK for BCL-XL, which promoted BAK and BAX activation. Taken together, ASFV pE199L induces the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis, which may provide clues for a comprehensive understanding of ASFV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin 150069, China; (T.L.); (G.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (J.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (D.Z.); (X.H.); (Z.B.)
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Harbin 150069, China; (T.L.); (G.Z.); (T.Z.); (Z.Z.); (X.C.); (J.S.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (L.H.); (L.W.); (C.L.); (D.Z.); (X.H.); (Z.B.)
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31
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Han M, Ishikawa T, Stroupe CC, Breckenridge HA, Bentley JK, Hershenson MB. Deficient inflammasome activation permits an exaggerated asthma phenotype in rhinovirus C-infected immature mice. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:1369-1380. [PMID: 34354243 PMCID: PMC8542611 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00436-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Compared to other RV species, RV-C has been associated with more severe respiratory illness and is more likely to occur in children with a history of asthma or who develop asthma. We therefore inoculated 6-day-old mice with sham, RV-A1B, or RV-C15. Inflammasome priming and activation were assessed, and selected mice treated with recombinant IL-1β. Compared to RV-A1B infection, RV-C15 infection induced an exaggerated asthma phenotype, with increased mRNA expression of Il5, Il13, Il25, Il33, Muc5ac, Muc5b, and Clca1; increased lung lineage-negative CD25+CD127+ST2+ ILC2s; increased mucous metaplasia; and increased airway responsiveness. Lung vRNA, induction of pro-inflammatory type 1 cytokines, and inflammasome priming (pro-IL-1β and NLRP3) were not different between the two viruses. However, inflammasome activation (mature IL-1β and caspase-1 p12) was reduced in RV-C15-infected mice compared to RV-A1B-infected mice. A similar deficiency was found in cultured macrophages. Finally, IL-1β treatment decreased RV-C-induced type 2 cytokine and mucus-related gene expression, ILC2s, mucous metaplasia, and airway responsiveness but not lung vRNA level. We conclude that RV-C induces an enhanced asthma phenotype in immature mice. Compared to RV-A, RV-C-induced macrophage inflammasome activation and IL-1β are deficient, permitting exaggerated type 2 inflammation and mucous metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Han
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claudia C Stroupe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Haley A Breckenridge
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J Kelley Bentley
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marc B Hershenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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32
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Li S, Cao L, Zhang Z, Kuang M, Chen L, Zhao Y, Luo Y, Yin Z, You F. Cytosolic and nuclear recognition of virus and viral evasion. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:30. [PMID: 35006471 PMCID: PMC8607372 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the first line of host defense, which responds rapidly to viral infection. Innate recognition of viruses is mediated by a set of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that sense viral genomic nucleic acids and/or replication intermediates. PRRs are mainly localized either to the endosomes, the plasma membrane or the cytoplasm. Recent evidence suggested that several proteins located in the nucleus could also act as viral sensors. In turn, these important elements are becoming the target for most viruses to evade host immune surveillance. In this review, we focus on the recent progress in the study of viral recognition and evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siji Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zeming Zhang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Kuang
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Luoying Chen
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchi Zhao
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Luo
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.,The Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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The Crucial Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Viral Infection-Associated Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910447. [PMID: 34638790 PMCID: PMC8509020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), one of the most common fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILD), is a chronic-age-related respiratory disease that rises from repeated micro-injury of the alveolar epithelium. Environmental influences, intrinsic factors, genetic and epigenetic risk factors that lead to chronic inflammation might be implicated in the development of IPF. The exact triggers that initiate the fibrotic response in IPF remain enigmatic, but there is now increasing evidence supporting the role of chronic exposure of viral infection. During viral infection, activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome by integrating multiple cellular and molecular signaling implicates robust inflammation, fibroblast proliferation, activation of myofibroblast, matrix deposition, and aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal function. Overall, the crosstalk of the NLRP3 inflammasome and viruses can activate immune responses and inflammasome-associated molecules in the development, progression, and exacerbation of IPF.
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34
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Li J, Song J, Kang L, Huang L, Zhou S, Hu L, Zheng J, Li C, Zhang X, He X, Zhao D, Bu Z, Weng C. pMGF505-7R determines pathogenicity of African swine fever virus infection by inhibiting IL-1β and type I IFN production. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009733. [PMID: 34310655 PMCID: PMC8341718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory factors and type I interferons (IFNs) are key components of host antiviral innate immune responses, which can be released from the pathogen-infected macrophages. African swine fever virus (ASFV) has developed various strategies to evade host antiviral innate immune responses, including alteration of inflammatory responses and IFNs production. However, the molecular mechanism underlying inhibition of inflammatory responses and IFNs production by ASFV-encoded proteins has not been fully understood. Here we report that ASFV infection only induced low levels of IL-1β and type I IFNs in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), even in the presence of strong inducers such as LPS and poly(dA:dT). Through further exploration, we found that several members of the multigene family 360 (MGF360) and MGF505 strongly inhibited IL-1β maturation and IFN-β promoter activation. Among them, pMGF505-7R had the strongest inhibitory effect. To verify the function of pMGF505-7R in vivo, a recombinant ASFV with deletion of the MGF505-7R gene (ASFV-Δ7R) was constructed and assessed. As we expected, ASFV-Δ7R infection induced higher levels of IL-1β and IFN-β compared with its parental ASFV HLJ/18 strain. ASFV infection-induced IL-1β production was then found to be dependent on TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, we demonstrated that pMGF505-7R interacted with IKKα in the IKK complex to inhibit NF-κB activation and bound to NLRP3 to inhibit inflammasome formation, leading to decreased IL-1β production. Moreover, we found that pMGF505-7R interacted with and inhibited the nuclear translocation of IRF3 to block type I IFN production. Importantly, the virulence of ASFV-Δ7R is reduced in piglets compared with its parental ASFV HLJ/18 strain, which may due to induction of higher IL-1β and type I IFN production in vivo. Our findings provide a new clue to understand the functions of ASFV-encoded pMGF505-7R and its role in viral infection-induced pathogenesis, which might help design antiviral agents or live attenuated vaccines to control ASF. African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes a highly lethal swine disease that is currently present in many countries, severely affecting the pig industry. Despite extensive research, effective vaccines and antiviral strategies are still lacking and relevant gaps in knowledge of the fundamental biology of the viral infection cycle exist. In this study, we found that ASFV infection only induced low levels of IL-1β and type I IFNs in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and identified that pMGF505-7R, a member of the multigene family 505 (MGF505), strongly inhibited IL-1β and IFN-β production. ASFV lacking the MGF505-7R gene (ASFV-Δ7R) had reduced virulence in piglets and induced increased IL-1β and IFN-β production in PAMs and pigs compared with its parental ASFV HLJ/18 strain. Our results significantly increase our knowledge to understand functions of ASFV-encoded pMGF505-7R and its roles in pathogenesis, which may shed light on future research on live attenuated vaccines and antiviral strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Song
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shijun Zhou
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changyao Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xijun He
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Dongming Zhao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Zhigao Bu
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (ZB); (CW)
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, National African Swine Fever Para-reference Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- * E-mail: (ZB); (CW)
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35
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Jiang L, Shen J, Zhang N, He Y, Wan Z. Association of RGS20 expression with the progression and prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:643. [PMID: 34386065 PMCID: PMC8299006 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling 20 (RGS20) has been shown to be highly expressed in various types of cancer. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of RGS20 in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and in RCC cells. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to analyze the role of RGS20 in RCC. Quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of RGS20 in cells, respectively. After RGS20 inhibition, the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasiveness of A-498 cells were tested using MTT assay, EdU assay, propidium iodide staining, Annexin V-FITC/PI kit, wound healing assay and Transwell assay. High RGS20 expression was closely associated with the progression and immune infiltration of RCC, and may be considered as an independent indicator of poor prognosis in RCC. After knocking down RGS20, the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of cells were impaired, the cell cycle was arrested at the G0/G1 phase, and the level of apoptosis was increased. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of securin, CDC20 and cyclin B1 were decreased in RGS20-knockdown cells. RGS20 expression was significantly associated with the infiltration level of activated CD4 T cells, type 1 T helper cells and activated dendritic cells. In summary, RGS20 expression was associated with RCC progression and poor prognosis; thus, it may be used to estimate the prognosis of RCC and may serve as a new potential treatment strategy for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Caoxian People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274400, P.R. China
| | - Jiangwei Shen
- Department of Urology, Caoxian People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274400, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Urology, Caoxian People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274400, P.R. China
| | - Yongchao He
- Department of Urology, Caoxian People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274400, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghua Wan
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen, Fujian 361101, P.R. China
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36
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Jiang Y, Wang B, Li Y, Shen J, Wei Y, Li H, Chen S, Yang H, Zeng F, Liu C, Wang F, He H, Chen Y, Liu J. DDX19A Promotes Metastasis of Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inducing NOX1-Mediated ROS Production. Front Oncol 2021; 11:629974. [PMID: 33968728 PMCID: PMC8100682 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.629974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The major obstacle to treat cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is the high prevalence of metastasis, which severely affects 5-year survival rate and quality of life for cancer patients. The DEAD-box helicase family has been reported to be a critical mediator in the development and metastasis of various cancers. DEAD-box helicase 19A (DDX19A) is a member of the DEAD-box helicase family; however, its functional role in CSCC is unclear. In this study, bioinformatics analysis of clinical samples from public databases demonstrated that the expression of DDX19A was elevated in CSCC tissues and that high expression of DDX19A was positively correlated with metastasis and poor clinical outcome. Functionally, we found that DDX19A promoted CSCC cell migration and invasion in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, overexpression of DDX19A increased NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) expression, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and induced the migration and invasion of CSCC cells. Rescue experiments revealed that DDX19A-induced CSCC functional alterations were dependent on NOX1 and that DDX19A-promoted CSCC metastasis was abrogated upon the inhibition of ROS. Our results demonstrated that DDX19A could promote CSCC metastasis by inducing NOX1-mediated ROS production and that blockage of the NOX1/ROS axis might serve as a potential therapeutic target for patients with DDX19A-overexpressed CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Baibin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yongliang Li
- Department of Pathology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiahui Shen
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yutao Wei
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hanjie Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Department of Interventional Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Shangqiu Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Famin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Changqing Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Huanhuan He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Gynecology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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37
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Sánchez-Carvajal JM, Ruedas-Torres I, Carrasco L, Pallarés FJ, Mateu E, Rodríguez-Gómez IM, Gómez-Laguna J. Activation of regulated cell death in the lung of piglets infected with virulent PRRSV-1 Lena strain occurs earlier and mediated by cleaved Caspase-8. Vet Res 2021; 52:12. [PMID: 33482914 PMCID: PMC7821682 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PRRSV-1 virulent strains cause high fever, marked respiratory disease and severe lesions in lung and lymphoid organs. Regulated cell death (RCD), such as apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis, is triggered by the host to interrupt viral replication eliminating infected cells, however, although it seems to play a central role in the immunopathogenesis of PRRSV, there are significant gaps regarding their sequence and activation upon PRRSV-infection. The present study evaluated RCD events by means of caspases expression in the lung of PRRSV-1-infected pigs and their impact on pulmonary macrophage subpopulations and lung lesion. Conventional piglets were intranasally inoculated with the virulent subtype 3 Lena strain or the low virulent subtype 1 3249 strain and euthanised at 1, 3, 6, 8 and 13 dpi. Lena-infected piglets showed severe and early lung damage with a high frequency of PRRSV-N-protein+ cells, depletion of CD163+ cells and high viral load in the lung. The number of TUNEL+ cells was significantly higher than cCasp3+ cells in Lena-infected piglets during the first week post-infection. cCasp8 and to a lesser extent cCasp9 were activated by both PRRSV-1 strains after one week post-infection together with a replenishment of both CD163+ and Arg-1+ pulmonary macrophages. These results highlight the induction of other forms of RCD beyond apoptosis, such as, necroptosis and pyroptosis during the first week post-infection followed by the activation of, mainly, extrinsic apoptosis during the second week post-infection. The recovery of CD163+ macrophages at the end of the study represents an attempt to restore pulmonary macrophage subpopulations lost during the early stages of the infection but also a macrophage polarisation into M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose María Sánchez-Carvajal
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Inés Ruedas-Torres
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Librado Carrasco
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco José Pallarés
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Enric Mateu
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain.,Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries - Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (IRTA-CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Irene Magdalena Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jaime Gómez-Laguna
- Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Córdoba, 14014, Córdoba, Spain
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38
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Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) total RNA against ETEC challenge in a mouse model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20530. [PMID: 33239756 PMCID: PMC7689534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), an essential cause of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets, leads to significant economic losses to the pig industry. The present study aims to identify the role of ETEC total RNA in eliciting immune responses to protect animals against ETEC infection. The results showed that the total RNA isolated from pig-derived ETEC K88ac strain effectively stimulated the IL-1β secretion of porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). The mouse model immunized with ETEC total RNA via intramuscular injection (IM) or oral route (OR) was used to evaluate the protective efficiency of the ETEC total RNA. The results suggested that 70 μg ETEC total RNA administered by either route significantly promoted the production of the serum IL-1β and K88ac specific immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, and IgA). Besides, the ETEC RNA administration augmented strong mucosal immunity by elevating K88ac specific IgA level in the intestinal fluid. Intramuscularly administered RNA induced a Th1/Th2 shift toward a Th2 response, while the orally administered RNA did not. The ETEC total RNA efficiently protected the animals against the ETEC challenge either by itself or as an adjuvant. The histology characterization of the small intestines also suggested the ETEC RNA administration protected the small intestinal structure against the ETEC infection. Particularly of note was that the immunity level and protective efficacy caused by ETEC RNA were dose-dependent. These findings will help understand the role of bacterial RNA in eliciting immune responses, and benefit the development of RNA-based vaccines or adjuvants.
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Emerging molecular functions and novel roles for the DEAD-box protein Dbp5/DDX19 in gene expression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:2019-2030. [PMID: 33205304 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The DEAD-box protein (DBP) Dbp5, a member of the superfamily II (SFII) helicases, has multiple reported roles in gene expression. First identified as an essential regulator of mRNA export in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the enzyme now has reported functions in non-coding RNA export, translation, transcription, and DNA metabolism. Localization of the protein to various cellular compartments (nucleoplasm, nuclear envelope, and cytoplasm) highlights the ability of Dbp5 to modulate different stages of the RNA lifecycle. While Dbp5 has been well studied for > 20 years, several critical questions remain regarding the mechanistic principles that govern Dbp5 localization, substrate selection, and functions in gene expression. This review aims to take a holistic view of the proposed functions of Dbp5 and evaluate models that accommodate current published data.
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40
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Carty M, Guy C, Bowie AG. Detection of Viral Infections by Innate Immunity. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:114316. [PMID: 33152343 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and inflammasomes are a key part of the anti-viral innate immune system as they detect conserved viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). A successful host response to viral infections critically depend on the initial activation of PRRs by viruses, mainly by viral DNA and RNA. The signalling pathways activated by PRRs leads to the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, to recruit immune cells, and type I and type III interferons which leads to the induction of interferon stimulated genes (ISG), powerful virus restriction factors that establish the "antiviral state". Inflammasomes contribute to anti-viral responses through the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18 and through triggering pyroptotic cell death. The activity of the innate immune system along with the adaptive immune response normally leads to successful virus elimination, although disproportionate innate responses contribute to viral pathology. In this review we will discuss recent insights into the influence of PRR activation and inflammasomes on viral infections and what this means for the mammalian host. We will also comment on how specific PRRs and inflammasomes may be relevant to how SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic, interacts with host innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Carty
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Coralie Guy
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew G Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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41
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Song J, Li K, Li T, Zhao G, Zhou S, Li H, Li J, Weng C. Screening of PRRSV- and ASFV-encoded proteins involved in the inflammatory response using a porcine iGLuc reporter. J Virol Methods 2020; 285:113958. [PMID: 32827600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasome plays a major role in innate immune responses by activating caspase-1, resulting in secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and inflammatory pathologic responses. IL-1β release is widely used as an indirect readout to study inflammasome activation. Here we report an iGLuc reporter (pro-IL-1β-Gluc) of pig origin to monitor cytosolic pro-IL-1β cleavage and mature IL-1β release. Based on the iGLuc reporter, we reconstructed the inflammasome system in vitro and screened PRRSV- and ASFV-encoded proteins involved in regulating inflammasome activation. We found that three non-structural proteins (nsps) of PRRSV, nsp1β, nsp2 and nsp5, activate the NLRP3 inflammasome, and four nsps of PRRSV, nsp1ɑ, nsp7, nsp10 and nsp11, inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation, of which nsp10 and nsp11 have a highly significant inhibitory effect. In addition, we also found that four ASFV-encoded proteins, S183L, E199L, O61R and I7L activate the inflammatory response and four ASFV-encoded proteins, I226L, A151R, NP419L and QP383R, inhibit the inflammatory response. Our results provide a highly sensitive and high-throughput tool to screen for proteins that regulate inflammasome activation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150069, China
| | - Kang Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150069, China
| | - Ting Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150069, China
| | - Gaihong Zhao
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150069, China
| | - Shijun Zhou
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150069, China
| | - Huang Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150069, China
| | - Jiangnan Li
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150069, China.
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150069, China
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42
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Malik G, Zhou Y. Innate Immune Sensing of Influenza A Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:E755. [PMID: 32674269 PMCID: PMC7411791 DOI: 10.3390/v12070755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection triggers host innate immune response by stimulating various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Activation of these PRRs leads to the activation of a plethora of signaling pathways, resulting in the production of interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokines, followed by the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), the recruitment of innate immune cells, or the activation of programmed cell death. All these antiviral approaches collectively restrict viral replication inside the host. However, influenza virus also engages in multiple mechanisms to subvert the innate immune responses. In this review, we discuss the role of PRRs such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), NOD-, LRR-, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) in sensing and restricting influenza viral infection. Further, we also discuss the mechanisms influenza virus utilizes, especially the role of viral non-structure proteins NS1, PB1-F2, and PA-X, to evade the host innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Malik
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Yan Zhou
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada;
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
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43
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Qi L, Liu B, Chen X, Liu Q, Li W, Lv B, Xu X, Wang L, Zeng Q, Xue J, Xue Z. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Mitochondrial Dynamics in Oocytes of Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Genet 2020; 11:396. [PMID: 32425983 PMCID: PMC7203476 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by polycystic ovarian morphology, ovarian follicular maturation arrest, and hormonal disorders, affects numerous women in the reproductive age worldwide. A recent study has found that mitochondria are likely to play an essential role in oocyte quality. However, it is still unclear whether oocyte development failure is associated with mitochondria in patients with PCOS. We analyzed the single-cell RNA sequencing data from the previous study, including data from 14 oocytes from 7 healthy fertile women and 20 oocytes from 9 patients with PCOS at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage, metaphase I (MI) stage, and metaphase II (MII) stage. We revealed the transcriptomic dynamics by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and investigated the differences between stages using PCA and Deseq2 analyses to identify the differential expression genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) was performed using clusterProfiler R package and Metascape. Our results indicated that specific gene modules were related to different stages of oocyte development using WGCNA. Functional enrichment analysis and gene co-expression network analysis found significant enrichment of the mitochondrial regulation genes at the GV stage. PCA (principal component analysis) and differential gene expression analysis suggested that GV was significantly different from the MI and MII stages between the two groups. Further analysis demonstrated that the upregulated differentially expressed genes at the GV stage of patients with PCOS mainly related to mitochondrial function, such as COX6B1, COX8A, COX4l1, and NDUFB9. Meanwhile, these genes tended to be activated at the MII stage in healthy cells, suggesting that some mitochondrial functions may be prematurely activated at the GV stage of PCOS oocytes, whereas this process occurs at the MII stage in healthy oocytes. Collectively, our study showed that aberrant mitochondrial function at the GV stage may contribute to a decline in oocyte quality of PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Qi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boxuan Liu
- Precision Medicine Center, The Second People's Hospital of Huaihua, Huaihua, China
| | - Xian Chen
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- Department of Gynecological Minimal Invasive Center, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanqiong Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Zeng
- Center of Reproductive Medicine of Ji'an Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Ji'an, China
| | - Jinfeng Xue
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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44
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Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms for PRRSV Pathogenesis and Host Response to Infection. Virus Res 2020; 286:197980. [PMID: 32311386 PMCID: PMC7165118 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PRRSV has evolved to arm with various strategies to modify host antiviral response. Viral modulation of homeostatic cellular processes provides favorable conditions for PRRSV survival during infection. PRRSV modulation of cellular processes includes pathways for interferons, apoptosis, microRNAs, cytokines, autophagy, and viral genome recombination.
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has caused tremendous amounts of economic losses to the swine industry for more than three decades, but its control is still unsatisfactory. A significant amount of information is available for host cell-virus interactions during infection, and it is evident that PRRSV has evolved to equip various strategies to disrupt the host antiviral system and provide favorable conditions for survival. The current study reviews viral strategies for modulations of cellular processes including innate immunity, apoptosis, microRNAs, inflammatory cytokines, and other cellular pathways.
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45
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Gao P, Chen L, Fan L, Ren J, Du H, Sun M, Li Y, Xie P, Lin Q, Liao M, Xu C, Ning Z, Ding C, Xiang B, Ren T. Newcastle disease virus RNA-induced IL-1β expression via the NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammasome. Vet Res 2020; 51:53. [PMID: 32293543 PMCID: PMC7156904 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection causes severe inflammation and is a highly contagious disease in poultry. Virulent NDV strains (GM) induce large quantities of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which is the central mediator of the inflammatory reaction. Excessive expression of IL-1β exacerbates inflammatory damage. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms underlying NDV-induced IL-1β expression can aid in further understanding the pathogenesis of Newcastle disease. Here, we showed that anti-IL-1β neutralizing antibody treatment decreased body temperature and mortality following infection with virulent NDV. We further explored the primary molecules involved in NDV-induced IL-1β expression from the perspective of both the host and virus. This study showed that overexpression of NLRP3 resulted in increased IL-1β expression, whereas inhibition of NLRP3 or caspase-1 caused a significant reduction in IL-1β expression, indicating that the NLRP3/caspase-1 axis is involved in NDV-induced IL-1β expression. Moreover, ultraviolet-inactivated GM (chicken/Guangdong/GM/2014) NDV failed to induce the expression of IL-1β. We then collected virus from GM-infected cell culture supernatant using ultracentrifugation, extracted the viral RNA, and stimulated the cells further with GM RNA. The results revealed that RNA alone was capable of inducing IL-1β expression. Moreover, NLRP3/caspase-1 was involved in GM RNA-induced IL-1β expression. Thus, our study elucidated the critical role of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of Newcastle disease while also demonstrating that inhibition of IL-1β via anti-IL-1β neutralizing antibodies decreased the damage associated with NDV infection; furthermore, GM RNA induced IL-1β expression via NLRP3/caspase-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.,Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Libin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinlian Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haoyun Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minhua Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaling Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenggang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangyong Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Bin Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China. .,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Tao Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccine Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China. .,National and Regional Joint Engineering Laboratory for Medicament of Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
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46
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Liu Y, Li R, Zhang Y, Qiao S, Chen XX, Zhang G. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus up-regulates sialoadhesin via IFN-STAT signaling to facilitate its infection. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104112. [PMID: 32126255 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) has caused huge economic losses to global swine industry. Porcine sialoadhesin (poSn) was previously reported to be a putative receptor for the causative agent, PRRS virus (PRRSV). In the current study, we first observed that PRRSV infection up-regulated expression of poSn in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Subsequently, we found that PRRSV-triggered transcription of type I interferons (IFNs) was involved in poSn up-regulation through the IFN-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling cascade. Interestingly, poSn up-regulation was shown to promote PRRSV infection during post-entry process. Taken together, this work deepens our understanding of PRRSV pathogenesis and provides a novel idea on its establishment of persistent infection, which will be interesting to unravel the detailed mechanisms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Songlin Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
| | - Gaiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, Henan, China.
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47
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Zhao C, Zhao W. NLRP3 Inflammasome-A Key Player in Antiviral Responses. Front Immunol 2020; 11:211. [PMID: 32133002 PMCID: PMC7040071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an oligomeric complex comprised of the NOD-like receptor NLRP3, the adaptor ASC, and caspase-1. This complex is crucial to the host's defense against microbes as it promotes IL-1β and IL-18 secretion and induces pyroptosis. NLRP3 recognizes variety of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) generated during viral replication that triggers the NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent antiviral immune responses and facilitates viral eradication. Meanwhile, several viruses have evolved elaborate strategies to evade the immune system by targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this review, we will focus on the crosstalk between the NLRP3 inflammasome and viruses, provide an overview of viral infection-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the immune escape strategies of viruses through their modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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48
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Liu A, Li H, Qi X, Wang Q, Yang B, Wu T, Yan N, Li Y, Pan Q, Gao Y, Gao L, Liu C, Zhang Y, Cui H, Li K, Wang Y, Wang X. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Triggers Inflammatory Responses During Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Infection. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2225. [PMID: 31632367 PMCID: PMC6779731 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease (IBD) is one of the main threats to the poultry industry worldwide. In China, very virulent IBD virus (vvIBDV) is the main prevalent virus strain, causing inflammation, immunosuppression, and high mortality in young chickens. To determine whether this acute inflammation can trigger lesions or even death in chickens, it is important to study the mechanism of vvIBDV pathogenicity. Thus, in the current study, we investigated the inflammation response, bursal lesions, and mortality in chickens caused by vvIBDV at different time points postinfection. Results showed an upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β and interleukin-18, and macrophage infiltration in bursa in response to vvIBDV infection. High-throughput proteomic sequencing based on isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation showed that chicken macrophage migration inhibitory factor (chMIF) was upregulated uniquely in primary bursal cells infected with vvIBDV compared with infection by nonpathogenic attenuated IBDV. We confirmed that chMIF was upregulated by vvIBDV infection both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, chMIF was extracellularly secreted by infected DT40 and primary bursal cells. Further experiments revealed that the secreted chMIF could induce migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and promote transcription of proinflammatory cytokines in chicken primary macrophages. Notably, these effects of chMIF could be reduced by using an MIF specific inhibitor. Thus, our study elucidates critical molecular determinants underlying vvIBDV-mediated initiation of acute inflammation, which might be pivotal to understand the mechanism of vvIBDV pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijing Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaole Qi
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Tiantian Wu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Nana Yan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Qing Pan
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yulong Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changjun Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongyu Cui
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Kai Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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49
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Sun P, Sun N, Yin W, Sun Y, Fan K, Guo J, Khan A, He Y, Li H. Matrine inhibits IL-1β secretion in primary porcine alveolar macrophages through the MyD88/NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Vet Res 2019; 50:53. [PMID: 31300043 PMCID: PMC6626430 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0671-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies demonstrated that matrine directly acts on the replication process of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Matrine inhibits viral replication and is also associated with the NF-κB signalling pathway. These results suggest that matrine has antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the specific anti-inflammatory mechanism of matrine is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-IL-1β mechanism of matrine, as IL-1β is a major inflammatory cytokine, in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) stimulated with 4 μg PRRSV 5′-untranslated region (UTR) RNA and 1 μg/mL LPS. After 5′UTR RNA and LPS co-stimulation of PAMs for 12 h, the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α was significantly increased. The results also showed that co-stimulation induced the expression of MyD88, and activated the NF-κB signalling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, matrine treatment downregulated MyD88, NLRP3 and caspase-1 expression, inhibited ASC speck formation, suppressed IκBα phosphorylation, and interfered with the translocation of NF-κB from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. These results suggest that matrine plays an important role in PAMs co-stimulated with PRRSV 5′UTR RNA and LPS via its effect on NF-κB and the NLRP3 inflammasome. These findings lay the foundation for the exploration of the clinical application of matrine in PRRSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.,School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaogui Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuohai Fan
- Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Schubot Exotic Bird Health Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ajab Khan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongming He
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongquan Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
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50
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Xiao X, Qi J, Lei X, Wang J. Interactions Between Enteroviruses and the Inflammasome: New Insights Into Viral Pathogenesis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:321. [PMID: 30858838 PMCID: PMC6398425 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) have emerged a substantial threat to public health. EVs infection range from mild to severe disease, including mild respiratory illness, diarrhea, poliomyelitis, hand, foot, and mouth disease, aseptic meningitis, and encephalitis. In the Asia-Pacific region, for example, one of the best studied enterovirus 71 (EV71) has been associated with pandemics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children, particularly those under the age of five. Serious HFMD cases are associated with neurological complications, such as aseptic meningitis, acute flaccid paralysis, brainstem encephalitis, and have been associated with as many as 1000s of deaths in children and infants from 2008 to 2017, in China. More than 90% of laboratory confirmed deaths due to HMFD are associated with EV71. However, little is known about the pathogenesis of EVs. Studies have reported that EVs-infected patients with severe complications show elevated serum concentrations of IL-1β. The secretion of IL-1β is mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome during EV71 and CVB3 infection. Enteroviruses 2B and 3D proteins play an important role in activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, while 3C and 2A play important roles in antagonizing the activation of NLRP3 and the secretion of IL-1β. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the activation and regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, particularly how viral proteins regulate NLRP3 inflammasome activation. These insights into the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and the pathogenesis of EVs infection may ultimately inform the development of novel antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianli Qi
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Lei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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