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Pandey SP, Bhaskar R, Han SS, Narayanan KB. Autoimmune Responses and Therapeutic Interventions for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comprehensive Review. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:499-518. [PMID: 37718519 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230915112642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) or Lupus is a multifactorial autoimmune disease of multiorgan malfunctioning of extremely heterogeneous and unclear etiology that affects multiple organs and physiological systems. Some racial groups and women of childbearing age are more susceptible to SLE pathogenesis. Impressive progress has been made towards a better understanding of different immune components contributing to SLE pathogenesis. Recent investigations have uncovered the detailed mechanisms of inflammatory responses and organ damage. Various environmental factors, pathogens, and toxicants, including ultraviolet light, drugs, viral pathogens, gut microbiome metabolites, and sex hormones trigger the onset of SLE pathogenesis in genetically susceptible individuals and result in the disruption of immune homeostasis of cytokines, macrophages, T cells, and B cells. Diagnosis and clinical investigations of SLE remain challenging due to its clinical heterogeneity and hitherto only a few approved antimalarials, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and some nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are available for treatment. However, the adverse effects of renal and neuropsychiatric lupus and late diagnosis make therapy challenging. Additionally, SLE is also linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases due to inflammatory responses and the risk of infection from immunosuppressive treatment. Due to the diversity of symptoms and treatment-resistant diseases, SLE management remains a challenging issue. Nevertheless, the use of next-generation therapeutics with stem cell and gene therapy may bring better outcomes to SLE treatment in the future. This review highlights the autoimmune responses as well as potential therapeutic interventions for SLE particularly focusing on the recent therapeutic advancements and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surya Prakash Pandey
- Aarogya Institute of Healthcare and Research, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302033, India
- Department of Zoology, School of Science, IFTM University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, 244102, India
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Kannan Badri Narayanan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
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Vono M, Mastelic-Gavillet B, Mohr E, Östensson M, Persson J, Olafsdottir TA, Lemeille S, Pejoski D, Hartley O, Christensen D, Andersen P, Didierlaurent AM, Harandi AM, Lambert PH, Siegrist CA. C-type lectin receptor agonists elicit functional IL21-expressing Tfh cells and induce primary B cell responses in neonates. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155200. [PMID: 37063899 PMCID: PMC10102809 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionC-type lectin receptor (CLR) agonists emerged as superior inducers of primary B cell responses in early life compared with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, while both types of adjuvants are potent in adults.MethodsHere, we explored the mechanisms accounting for the differences in neonatal adjuvanticity between a CLR-based (CAF®01) and a TLR4-based (GLA-SE) adjuvant administered with influenza hemagglutinin (HA) in neonatal mice, by using transcriptomics and systems biology analyses.ResultsOn day 7 after immunization, HA/CAF01 increased IL6 and IL21 levels in the draining lymph nodes, while HA/GLA-SE increased IL10. CAF01 induced mixed Th1/Th17 neonatal responses while T cell responses induced by GLA-SE had a more pronounced Th2-profile. Only CAF01 induced T follicular helper (Tfh) cells expressing high levels of IL21 similar to levels induced in adult mice, which is essential for germinal center (GC) formation. Accordingly, only CAF01- induced neonatal Tfh cells activated adoptively transferred hen egg lysozyme (HEL)-specific B cells to form HEL+ GC B cells in neonatal mice upon vaccination with HEL-OVA.DiscussionCollectively, the data show that CLR-based adjuvants are promising neonatal and infant adjuvants due to their ability to harness Tfh responses in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vono
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Maria Vono,
| | - Beatris Mastelic-Gavillet
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Elodie Mohr
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Malin Östensson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Sylvain Lemeille
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Pejoski
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Hartley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Andersen
- Vaccine Adjuvant Research, Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnaud M. Didierlaurent
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ali M. Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Vaccine Evaluation Center, British Columbia (BC) Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul-Henri Lambert
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Claire-Anne Siegrist
- Center for Vaccine Immunology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Szczygieł A, Węgierek-Ciura K, Wróblewska A, Mierzejewska J, Rossowska J, Szermer-Olearnik B, Świtalska M, Anger-Góra N, Goszczyński TM, Pajtasz-Piasecka E. Combined therapy with methotrexate nanoconjugate and dendritic cells with downregulated IL-10R expression modulates the tumor microenvironment and enhances the systemic anti-tumor immune response in MC38 murine colon carcinoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155377. [PMID: 37033926 PMCID: PMC10078943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding the negative impact of the tumor microenvironment on the creation of an effective immune response has contributed to the development of new therapeutic anti-cancer strategies. One such solution is combined therapy consisting of chemotherapeutic administration followed by dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines. The use of cytostatic leads to the elimination of cancer cells, but can also modulate the tumor milieu. Moreover, great efforts are being made to increase the therapeutic outcome of immunotherapy, e.g. by enhancing the ability of DCs to generate an efficient immune response, even in the presence of immunosuppressive cytokines such as IL-10. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of combined therapy with chemotherapeutic with immunomodulatory potential - HES-MTX nanoconjugate (composed of methotrexate (MTX) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES)) and DCs with downregulated expression of IL-10 receptor stimulated with tumor antigens (DC/shIL-10R/TAg) applied in MC38 murine colon carcinoma model. Methods With the use of lentiviral vectors the DCs with decreased expression of IL-10R were obtained and characterized. During in vivo studies MC38-tumor bearing mice received MTX or HES-MTX nanoconjugate as a sole treatment or combined with DC-based immunotherapy containing unmodified DCs or DCs transduced with shRNA against IL-10R (or control shRNA sequence). Tumor volume was monitored during the experiment. One week after the last injection of DC-based vaccines, tumor nodules and spleens were dissected for ex vivo analysis. The changes in the local and systemic anti-tumor immune response were estimated with the use of flow cytometry and ELISA methods. Results and conclusions In vitro studies showed that the downregulation of IL-10R expression in DCs enhances their ability to activate the specific anti-tumor immune response. The use of HES-MTX nanoconjugate and DC/shIL-10R/TAg in the therapy of MC38-tumor bearing mice resulted in the greatest tumor growth inhibition. At the local anti-tumor immune response level a decrease in the infiltration of cells with suppressor activity and an increase in the influx of effector cells into MC38 tumor tissue was observed. These changes were crucial to enhance the effective specific immune response at the systemic level, which was revealed in the greatest cytotoxic activity of spleen cells against MC38 cells.
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Ghobadinezhad F, Ebrahimi N, Mozaffari F, Moradi N, Beiranvand S, Pournazari M, Rezaei-Tazangi F, Khorram R, Afshinpour M, Robino RA, Aref AR, Ferreira LMR. The emerging role of regulatory cell-based therapy in autoimmune disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1075813. [PMID: 36591309 PMCID: PMC9795194 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1075813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune disease, caused by unwanted immune responses to self-antigens, affects millions of people each year and poses a great social and economic burden to individuals and communities. In the course of autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, and multiple sclerosis, disturbances in the balance between the immune response against harmful agents and tolerance towards self-antigens lead to an immune response against self-tissues. In recent years, various regulatory immune cells have been identified. Disruptions in the quality, quantity, and function of these cells have been implicated in autoimmune disease development. Therefore, targeting or engineering these cells is a promising therapeutic for different autoimmune diseases. Regulatory T cells, regulatory B cells, regulatory dendritic cells, myeloid suppressor cells, and some subsets of innate lymphoid cells are arising as important players among this class of cells. Here, we review the roles of each suppressive cell type in the immune system during homeostasis and in the development of autoimmunity. Moreover, we discuss the current and future therapeutic potential of each one of these cell types for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farbod Ghobadinezhad
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nasim Ebrahimi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mozaffari
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Neda Moradi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Nourdanesh Institute of Higher Education, University of Meymeh, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Sheida Beiranvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehran Pournazari
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Tazangi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Roya Khorram
- Bone and Joint Diseases Research Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maral Afshinpour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - Rob A. Robino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States,Xsphera Biosciences, Boston, MA, United States,*Correspondence: Leonardo M. R. Ferreira, ; Amir Reza Aref,
| | - Leonardo M. R. Ferreira
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States,*Correspondence: Leonardo M. R. Ferreira, ; Amir Reza Aref,
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Heppt MV, Gebhardt C, Hassel JC, Alter M, Gutzmer R, Leiter U, Berking C. Long-Term Management of Advanced Basal Cell Carcinoma: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194547. [PMID: 36230474 PMCID: PMC9559463 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Local therapies are no longer an option for locally advanced basal cell carcinoma. Abnormal activation of the hedgehog signaling pathway leads to uncontrolled tumor growth. Hedgehog pathway inhibitors are an effective treatment option for this kind of tumor. However, treatment-related toxicity under long-term treatment may lead to limitations in quality of life, and thus to therapy interruption or even discontinuation. This review summarizes pertinent treatment adjustments and novel therapeutic strategies for effective treatment of locally advanced basal cell carcinoma. Abstract The first-line therapy for locally advanced basal cell carcinoma (laBCC) is Hedgehog pathway inhibitors (HHIs), as they achieve good efficacy and duration of response. However, toxicity in the course of long-term treatment may lead to a decrease in the quality of life, and consequently to interruption or even discontinuation of therapy. As HHI therapy is a balancing act between effectiveness, adverse events, quality of life, and adherence, numerous successful treatment strategies have evolved, such as dose reduction and dose interruptions with on-off treatment schedules or interruptions with re-challenge after progression. As a small percentage of patients show primary or acquired resistance to HHIs, the inhibition of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has been approved as a second-line therapy, which may also be accompanied by immune-related toxicities and non-response. Thus, optimization of current treatment schedules, novel agents, and combination strategies are urgently needed for laBCC. Here, we narratively model the treatment sequence for patients with laBCC and summarize the current state of approved treatment regimens and therapeutic strategies to optimize the long-term management of laBCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus V. Heppt
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Christoffer Gebhardt
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jessica C. Hassel
- Department of Dermatology and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mareike Alter
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum Campus Minden, 32423 Minden, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Department of Dermatology, Johannes Wesling Medical Center, Ruhr University Bochum Campus Minden, 32423 Minden, Germany
| | - Ulrike Leiter
- Department of Dermatology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Uniklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-European Metropolitan Area of Nuremberg (CC ER-EMN), 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Up-Regulation of Interleukin-10 in Splenic Immune Response Induced by Serotype A Pasteurellamultocida. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091586. [PMID: 36140754 PMCID: PMC9498900 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) is an opportunistic pathogen that is common in livestock and poultry and leads to massive economic losses in the animal husbandry sector. In this study, we challenged mice with P. multocida strain HN02 by intraperitoneal injection and collected spleens to measure bacterial loads. We also performed histopathological analysis by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Then we used RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to detect the mRNA expression levels in the mouse spleen and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) to verify the sequencing data. Finally, we examined the effect of HN02 on anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) protein expression in the spleen through immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that compared to those in the control group, the mouse spleens in the challenge group had lesions, and the average bacteria loads was (3.07 ± 1.09) × 106 CFU (colony-forming unit)/g. The RNA-seq results determined 3653 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the qRT-PCR analysis revealed immune-related genes consistent with the expression trend in the sequencing data. The number and area of IL-10 positive cells substantially increased to resist inflammation in the challenge group. In conclusion, we analyzed the spleens of mice infected with P. multocida from multiple perspectives, and our findings lay a foundation for subsequent studies on the mechanism of pathogen-host interactions.
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Wang H, Zhao C, Santa-Maria CA, Emens LA, Popel AS. Dynamics of tumor-associated macrophages in a quantitative systems pharmacology model of immunotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer. iScience 2022; 25:104702. [PMID: 35856032 PMCID: PMC9287616 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) modeling is an emerging mechanistic computational approach that couples drug pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and the course of disease progression. It has begun to play important roles in drug development for complex diseases such as cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The combination of the anti-PD-L1 antibody atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel has shown clinical activity in advanced TNBC with PD-L1-positive tumor-infiltrating immune cells. As tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) serve as major contributors to the immuno-suppressive tumor microenvironment, we incorporated the dynamics of TAMs into our previously published QSP model to investigate their impact on cancer treatment. We show that through proper calibration, the model captures the macrophage heterogeneity in the tumor microenvironment while maintaining its predictive power of the trial results at the population level. Despite its high mechanistic complexity, the modularized QSP platform can be readily reproduced, expanded for new species of interest, and applied in clinical trial simulation. A mechanistic model of quantitative systems pharmacology in immuno-oncology Dynamics of tumor-associated macrophages are integrated into our previous work Conducting in silico clinical trials to predict clinical response to cancer therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanwen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu211166, China
| | - Cesar A Santa-Maria
- Department of Oncology, the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205, USA
| | - Leisha A Emens
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Aleksander S Popel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Oncology, the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21205, USA
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Que W, Ma K, Hu X, Guo WZ, Li XK. Combinations of anti-GITR antibody and CD28 superagonist induce permanent allograft acceptance by generating type 1 regulatory T cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4413. [PMID: 35921418 PMCID: PMC9348800 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells represent a subset of IL-10-producing CD4+Foxp3- T cells and play key roles in promoting transplant tolerance. However, no effective pharmacological approaches have been able to induce Tr1 cells in vivo. We herein report the combined use of a CD28 superagonist (D665) and anti-glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein monoclonal antibody (G3c) to induce Tr1 cells in vivo. Large amounts of IL-10/interferon-γ-co-producing CD4+Foxp3- Tr1 cells were generated by D665-G3c sequential treatment in mice. Mechanistic studies suggested that D665-G3c induced Tr1 cells via transcription factors Prdm1 and Maf. G3c contributed to Tr1 cell generation via the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling. Tr1 cells suppressed dendritic cell maturation and T cell responses and mediated permanent allograft acceptance in fully major histocompatibility complex-mismatched mice in an IL-10-dependent manner. In vivo Tr1 cell induction is a promising strategy for achieving transplant tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Que
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuai Ma
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wen-Zhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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de Lima Pereira Dos Santos C, Vacani-Martins N, Cascabulho CM, Pereira MCDS, Crispe IN, Henriques-Pons A. In the Acute Phase of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection, Liver Lymphoid and Myeloid Cells Display an Ambiguous Phenotype Combining Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Markers. Front Immunol 2022; 13:868574. [PMID: 35720410 PMCID: PMC9204308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.868574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple cell populations, cellular biochemical pathways, and the autonomic nervous system contribute to maintaining the immunological tolerance in the liver. This tolerance is coherent because the organ is exposed to high levels of bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) molecules from the intestinal microbiota, such as lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS). In the case of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, although there is a dramatic acute immune response in the liver, we observed intrahepatic cell populations combining pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. There was loss of fully mature Kupffer cells and an increase in other myeloid cells, which are likely to include monocytes. Among dendritic cells (DCs), the cDC1 population expanded relative to the others, and these cells lost both some macrophage markers (F4/80) and immunosuppressive cytokines (IL-10, TGF-β1). In parallel, a massive T cell response occured with loss of naïve cells and increase in several post-activation subsets. However, these activated T cells expressed both markers programmed cell death protein (PD-1) and cytokines consistent with immunosuppressive function (IL-10, TGF-β1). NK and NK-T cells broadly followed the pattern of T cell activation, while TCR-γδ cells appeared to be bystanders. While no data were obtained concerning IL-2, several cell populations also synthesized IFN-γ and TNF-α, which has been linked to host defense but also to tissue injury. It therefore appears that T. cruzi exerts control over liver immunity, causing T cell activation via cDC1 but subverting multiple populations of T cells into immunosuppressive pathways. In this way, T. cruzi engages a mechanism of hepatic T cell tolerance that is familiar from liver allograft tolerance, in which activation and proliferation are followed by T cell inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Vacani-Martins
- Laboratório de Inovaçõeses em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Machado Cascabulho
- Laboratório de Inovaçõeses em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ian Nicholas Crispe
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Andrea Henriques-Pons
- Laboratório de Inovaçõeses em Terapias, Ensino e Bioprodutos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Zelin E, Maronese CA, Dri A, Toffoli L, Di Meo N, Nazzaro G, Zalaudek I. Identifying Candidates for Immunotherapy among Patients with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer: A Review of the Potential Predictors of Response. J Clin Med 2022; 11:3364. [PMID: 35743435 PMCID: PMC9225110 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) stands as an umbrella term for common cutaneous malignancies, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC), together with rarer cutaneous cancers, such as Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) and other forms of adnexal cancers. The majority of NMSCs can be successfully treated with surgery or radiotherapy, but advanced and metastatic stages may require systemic approaches such as immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). SUMMARY Since immunotherapy is not effective in all patients and can potentially lead to severe adverse effects, an important clinical question is how to properly identify those who could be suitable candidates for this therapeutic choice. In this paper, we review the potential features and biomarkers used to predict the outcome of ICIs therapy for NMSCs. Moreover, we analyze the role of immunotherapy in special populations, such as the elderly, immunocompromised patients, organ transplant recipients, and subjects suffering from autoimmune conditions. KEY MESSAGES Many clinical, serum, histopathological, and genetic features have been investigated as potential predictors of response in NMSCs treated with ICIs. Although this field of research is very promising, definitive, cost-effective, and reproducible biomarkers are still lacking and further efforts are needed to validate the suggested predictors in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Zelin
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy; (E.Z.); (L.T.); (N.D.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Carlo Alberto Maronese
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Dri
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Ludovica Toffoli
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy; (E.Z.); (L.T.); (N.D.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Nicola Di Meo
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy; (E.Z.); (L.T.); (N.D.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Gianluca Nazzaro
- Dermatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Iris Zalaudek
- Dermatology Clinic, Maggiore Hospital, University of Trieste, 34125 Trieste, Italy; (E.Z.); (L.T.); (N.D.M.); (I.Z.)
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11
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Hoffmann C, Noel F, Grandclaudon M, Massenet-Regad L, Michea P, Sirven P, Faucheux L, Surun A, Lantz O, Bohec M, Ye J, Guo W, Rochefort J, Klijanienko J, Baulande S, Lecerf C, Kamal M, Le Tourneau C, Guillot-Delost M, Soumelis V. PD-L1 and ICOSL discriminate human Secretory and Helper dendritic cells in cancer, allergy and autoimmunity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1983. [PMID: 35418195 PMCID: PMC9008048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29516-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are traditionally classified according to their ontogeny and their ability to induce T cell response to antigens, however, the phenotypic and functional state of these cells in cancer does not necessarily align to the conventional categories. Here we show, by using 16 different stimuli in vitro that activated DCs in human blood are phenotypically and functionally dichotomous, and pure cultures of type 2 conventional dendritic cells acquire these states (termed Secretory and Helper) upon appropriate stimuli. PD-L1highICOSLlow Secretory DCs produce large amounts of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines but induce very low levels of T helper (Th) cytokines following co-culturing with T cells. Conversely, PD-L1lowICOSLhigh Helper DCs produce low levels of secreted factors but induce high levels and a broad range of Th cytokines. Secretory DCs bear a single-cell transcriptomic signature indicative of mature migratory LAMP3+ DCs associated with cancer and inflammation. Secretory DCs are linked to good prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and to response to checkpoint blockade in Melanoma. Hence, the functional dichotomy of DCs we describe has both fundamental and translational implications in inflammation and immunotherapy. Phenotypic and functional states of dendritic cells critically influence the outcome of cancer and inflammation. Authors here show by single cell transcriptomics and in vitro validation assays that dichotomous PD-L1 and ICOSL expression assign dendritic cells to secretory and helper functions, with respective predominance of inflammatory cytokine expression or T helper cytokine induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hoffmann
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France. .,Institut Curie, Department of Surgical Oncology, Paris & Saint-Cloud, France. .,Université Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Paris, France.
| | - Floriane Noel
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Maximilien Grandclaudon
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France.,Université Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
| | - Lucile Massenet-Regad
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Paula Michea
- Institut Paoli Calmette, INSERM U1068-CNRS UMR7258-AMU UM105, Marseille, France.,Université Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Philemon Sirven
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France.,Université Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
| | - Lilith Faucheux
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010, Paris, France.,Statistic and Epidemiologic Research Center Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-1153, ECSTRRA team, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Surun
- Institut Curie, SIREDO Cancer Center, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France.,Université Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Paris, France.,CIC IGR-Curie 1428, Center of Clinical Investigation, Paris, France
| | - Mylene Bohec
- Université Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Paris, France.,Institut Curie, NGS platform, Paris, France
| | - Jian Ye
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Immuno-Oncology, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Weihua Guo
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Immuno-Oncology, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Juliette Rochefort
- Cimi Paris, INSERM U1135, and Hospital Pitié Salpêtrière, Odontology department, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jerzy Klijanienko
- Université Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Department of pathology, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Baulande
- Université Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Paris, France.,Institut Curie, NGS platform, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Lecerf
- Université Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Department of Drug Development, and Innovation (D3i), Paris & Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Maud Kamal
- Université Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Paris, France.,Institut Curie, Department of Drug Development, and Innovation (D3i), Paris & Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Christophe Le Tourneau
- Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.,Institut Curie, Department of Drug Development, and Innovation (D3i), Paris & Saint-Cloud, France.,Institut Curie, INSERM U900, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Maude Guillot-Delost
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France.,Université Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Paris, France.,CIC IGR-Curie 1428, Center of Clinical Investigation, Paris, France
| | - Vassili Soumelis
- Institut Curie, INSERM U932, Immunity and Cancer, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Sciences Lettres (PSL), Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010, Paris, France. .,Institut Curie, Clinical immunology department, Paris, France. .,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire d'Immunologie, F-75010, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010, Paris, France.
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12
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Lu X, Oh-Hora M, Takeda K, Yamasaki S. Selective suppression of IL-10 transcription by calcineurin in dendritic cells through inactivation of CREB. Int Immunol 2021; 34:197-206. [PMID: 34953165 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells play a pivotal role in immune responses against bacterial and fungal infection. Among innate immune receptors, C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) can induce a wide spectrum of cytokines through immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs)-mediated signaling pathways. Dendritic cells (DCs) produce IL-10 through CLR stimulation; however, the regulatory mechanism of IL-10 expression has not been elucidated. In the current study, we report that calcium (Ca 2+) signaling-deficient DCs produced more IL-10 than wild type DCs. Mechanistically, Ca 2+-dependent phosphatase calcineurin directly inactivates cAMP response element binding protein (CREB), a transcription factor of Il10 in DCs, through dephosphorylating CREB at serine 133. In calcineurin-deficient DCs, CREB was highly phosphorylated and increased its binding to Il10 promoter. Elimination of MAPK signaling that phosphorylates CREB, deficiency of CREB, as well as deletion of CREB-binding site in Il10 promoter could diminish IL-10 production in DCs. Our findings identified a novel substrate of calcineurin as well as a mechanism through which Ca 2+ signaling regulates IL-10 expression downstream of CLRs. As IL-10 is a crucial immunosuppressive cytokine, this mechanism may counteract the over-activated IL-10 producing signals induced by CARD9 and MAPK pathways, preventing the ineffectiveness of immune system during bacterial and fungal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyuan Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Oh-Hora
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Mucosal Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University (CiDER), Suita, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University (CiDER), Suita, Japan.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Division of Molecular Design, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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13
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Phung CD, Tran TH, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TT, Jeong JH, Ku SK, Yong CS, Choi HG, Kim JO. Nanovaccines silencing IL-10 production at priming phase for boosting immune responses to melanoma. J Control Release 2021; 338:211-223. [PMID: 34419495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the significant efforts in developing cancer vaccines, there are still numerous challenges that need to be addressed to ensure their clinical efficacy. Herein, a lymphatic dendritic cell (DC)-targeted artificial nanovaccine mimicking tumor cell membrane (ATM-NV) is developed to boost effector immune response and control immunosuppression simultaneously. The NVs are formulated with lipids, tumor cell membrane proteins, imiquimod (IMQ), and IL-10 siRNA. IL-10 siRNA is incorporated to inhibit the secretion of IL-10, an immunosuppressive cytokine, of maturated DCs upon IMQ. To enhance the DC targeting ability, the nanovaccine surface was non-covalently conjugated with the anti-CD205 antibody. The IMQ and IL-10 siRNA co-loaded, CD205 receptor-targeted artificial tumor membrane NVs (IMQ/siR@ATM-NVs) efficiently migrate to the tumor-draining lymph node and target DCs. Furthermore, immunization with IMQ/siR@ATM-NVs reduces the production of IL-10 and increases Th1-driven antitumor immunity resulted in a great tumor inhibition efficacy. Our results suggest a potential strategy to promote the vaccination's antitumor efficacy by blocking the intrinsic negative regulators in DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cao Dai Phung
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tuan Hiep Tran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, PHENIKAA University, Yen Nghia, Ha Dong, Hanoi 12116, Viet Nam; PHENIKAA Research and Technology Institute (PRATI), A&A Green Phoenix Group JSC, No.167 Hoang Ngan, Trung Hoa, Cau Giay, Hanoi 11313, Viet Nam
| | - Hanh Thuy Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Tiep Nguyen
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Heon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Sae Kwang Ku
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Soon Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, 55, Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu, Ansan 15588, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Selenium stimulates the antitumour immunity: Insights to future research. Eur J Cancer 2021; 155:256-267. [PMID: 34392068 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element for regulating immune functions through redox-regulating activity of selenoproteins (e.g. glutathione peroxidase), protecting immune cells from oxidative stress. However, in cancer, selenium has biological bimodal action depending on the concentration. At nutritional low doses, selenium, depending on its form, may act as an antioxidant, protecting against oxidative stress, supporting cell survival and growth, thus, plays a chemo-preventive role; while, at supra-nutritional higher pharmacological doses, selenium acts as pro-oxidant inducing redox signalling and cell death. To date, many studies have been conducted on the benefits of selenium intake in reducing the risk of cancer incidence at the nutritional level, indicating that likely selenium functions as an immunostimulator, i.e. reversing the immunosuppression in tumour microenvironment towards antitumour immunity by activating immune cells (e.g. M1 macrophages and CD8+ T-lymphocytes) and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma; whereas, fewer studies have explored the effects of supra-nutritional or pharmacological doses of selenium in cancer immunity. This review, thus, systematically analyses the current knowledge about how selenium stimulates the immune system against cancer and lay the groundwork for future research. Such knowledge can be promising to design combinatorial therapies with Selenium-based compounds and other modalities like immunotherapy to lower the adverse effects and increase the efficacy of treatments.
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15
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Plantinga M, van den Beemt DAMH, Dünnebach E, Nierkens S. CD14 Expressing Precursors Give Rise to Highly Functional Conventional Dendritic Cells for Use as Dendritic Cell Vaccine. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153818. [PMID: 34359719 PMCID: PMC8345076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dendritic cells are attractive candidates for immunotherapy to prevent disease recurrence in cancer patients. Dendritic cells are a plastic population of antigen presenting cells and a variety of protocols have been described to generate dendritic cells from either monocytes or stem cells. To induce long lasting immunity, dendritic cells need to have a fully mature phenotype and activate naïve T-cells. Here, we describe a good manufacturer protocol to generate very potent conventional DC-like cells, derived from cord blood stem cells via a CD14+CD115+ precursor stage. They express high levels of CD1c and strongly activate both naïve as well as antigen-experienced T-cells. Implementation of this protocol in the clinic could advance the efficiency of dendritic cell based vaccines. Abstract Induction of long-lasting immunity by dendritic cells (DCs) makes them attractive candidates for anti-tumor vaccination. Although DC vaccinations are generally considered safe, clinical responses remain inconsistent in clinical trials. This initiated studies to identify subsets of DCs with superior capabilities to induce effective and memory anti-tumor responses. The use of primary DCs has been suggested to overcome the functional limitations of ex vivo monocyte-derived DCs (moDC). The ontogeny of primary DCs has recently been revised by the introduction of DC3, which phenotypically resembles conventional (c)DC2 as well as moDC. Previously, we developed a protocol to generate cDC2s from cord blood (CB)-derived stem cells via a CD115-expressing precursor. Here, we performed index sorting and single-cell RNA-sequencing to define the heterogeneity of in vitro developed DC precursors and identified CD14+CD115+ expressing cells that develop into CD1c++DCs and the remainder cells brought about CD123+DCs, as well as assessed their potency. The maturation status and T-cell activation potential were assessed using flow cytometry. CD123+DCs were specifically prone to take up antigens but only modestly activated T-cells. In contrast, CD1c++ are highly mature and specialized in both naïve as well as antigen-experienced T-cell activation. These findings show in vitro functional diversity between cord blood stem cell-derived CD123+DC and CD1c++DCs and may advance the efficiency of DC-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Plantinga
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Denise A M H van den Beemt
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ester Dünnebach
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Pore N, Wu S, Standifer N, Jure-Kunkel M, de Los Reyes M, Shrestha Y, Halpin R, Rothstein R, Mulgrew K, Blackmore S, Martin P, Meekin J, Griffin M, Bisha I, Proia TA, Miragaia RJ, Herbst R, Gupta A, Abdullah SE, Raja R, Frigault MM, Barrett JC, Dennis PA, Ascierto ML, Oberst MD. Resistance to durvalumab and durvalumab plus tremelimumab is associated with functional STK11 mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer patients and is reversed by STAT3 knockdown. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2828-2845. [PMID: 34230008 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the STK11 (LKB1) gene regulate resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. This study evaluated this association in patients with nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer enrolled in three Phase 1/2 trials. STK11 mutations were associated with resistance to the anti-PD-L1 antibody durvalumab (alone/with the anti-CTLA-4 antibody tremelimumab) independently of KRAS mutational status, highlighting STK11 as a potential driver of resistance to checkpoint blockade. Retrospective assessments of tumor tissue, whole blood and serum revealed a unique immune phenotype in patients with STK11 mutations, with increased expression of markers associated with neutrophils (i.e. CXCL2, IL6), Th17 contexture (i.e. IL17A) and immune checkpoints. Associated changes were observed in the periphery. Reduction of STAT3 in the tumor microenvironment using an antisense oligonucleotide reversed immunotherapy resistance in preclinical STK11 knockout models. These results suggest that STK11 mutations may hinder response to checkpoint blockade through mechanisms including suppressive myeloid cell biology, which could be reversed by STAT3-targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Song Wu
- AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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17
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Fernández-Lázaro D, Fernandez-Lazaro CI, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Adams DP, García Hernández JL, González-Bernal J, González-Gross M. Glycophosphopeptical AM3 Food Supplement: A Potential Adjuvant in the Treatment and Vaccination of SARS-CoV-2. Front Immunol 2021; 12:698672. [PMID: 34220861 PMCID: PMC8248499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.698672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The world is currently experiencing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its global spread has resulted in millions of confirmed infections and deaths. While the global pandemic continues to grow, the availability of drugs to treat COVID-19 infections remains limited to supportive treatments. Moreover, the current speed of vaccination campaigns in many countries has been slow. Natural substrates with biological immunomodulatory activity, such as glucans, may represent an adjuvant therapeutic agent to treat SARS-CoV-2. AM3, a natural glycophosphopeptical, has previously been shown to effectively slow, with no side effects, the progression of infectious respiratory diseases by regulating effects on innate and adaptive immunity in experimental models. No clinical studies, however, exist on the use of AM3 in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. This review aims to summarize the beneficial effects of AM3 on respiratory diseases, the inflammatory response, modulation of immune response, and attenuation of muscle. It will also discuss its potential effects as an immune system adjuvant for the treatment of COVID-19 infections and adjuvant for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Fernández-Lázaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
- Neurobiology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cesar I. Fernandez-Lazaro
- Department of Cellular Biology, Histology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Valladolid, Soria, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Mielgo-Ayuso
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Burgos, Burgos, Spain
- Nutrition, Exercise and Healthy Lifestyle Research Group (ImFINE) Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-National Institute of Physical Education (INEF), Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David P. Adams
- Dual Enrollment Program, Point University, Savannah, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Marcela González-Gross
- Nutrition, Exercise and Healthy Lifestyle Research Group (ImFINE) Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences-National Institute of Physical Education (INEF), Polytechnic University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Hosseini R, Asef-Kabiri L, Yousefi H, Sarvnaz H, Salehi M, Akbari ME, Eskandari N. The roles of tumor-derived exosomes in altered differentiation, maturation and function of dendritic cells. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:83. [PMID: 34078376 PMCID: PMC8170799 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) have been shown to impede anti-tumor immune responses via their immunosuppressive cargo. Since dendritic cells (DCs) are the key mediators of priming and maintenance of T cell-mediated responses; thus it is logical that the exosomes released by tumor cells can exert a dominant influence on DCs biology. This paper intends to provide a mechanistic insight into the TDEs-mediated DCs abnormalities in the tumor context. More importantly, we discuss extensively how tumor exosomes induce subversion of DCs differentiation, maturation and function in separate sections. We also briefly describe the importance of TDEs at therapeutic level to help guide future treatment options, in particular DC-based vaccination strategy, and review advances in the design and discovery of exosome inhibitors. Understanding the exosomal content and the pathways by which TDEs are responsible for immune evasion may help to revise treatment rationales and devise novel therapeutic approaches to overcome the hurdles in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Hosseini
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Asef-Kabiri
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Hamzeh Sarvnaz
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | | | - Nahid Eskandari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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19
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Nazitto R, Amon LM, Mast FD, Aitchison JD, Aderem A, Johnson JS, Diercks AH. ILF3 Is a Negative Transcriptional Regulator of Innate Immune Responses and Myeloid Dendritic Cell Maturation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:2949-2965. [PMID: 34031149 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
APCs such as myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are key sentinels of the innate immune system. In response to pathogen recognition and innate immune stimulation, DCs transition from an immature to a mature state that is characterized by widespread changes in host gene expression, which include the upregulation of cytokines, chemokines, and costimulatory factors to protect against infection. Several transcription factors are known to drive these gene expression changes, but the mechanisms that negatively regulate DC maturation are less well understood. In this study, we identify the transcription factor IL enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) as a negative regulator of innate immune responses and DC maturation. Depletion of ILF3 in primary human monocyte-derived DCs led to increased expression of maturation markers and potentiated innate responses during stimulation with viral mimetics or classic innate agonists. Conversely, overexpression of short or long ILF3 isoforms (NF90 and NF110) suppressed DC maturation and innate immune responses. Through mutagenesis experiments, we found that a nuclear localization sequence in ILF3, and not its dual dsRNA-binding domains, was required for this function. Mutation of the domain associated with zinc finger motif of ILF3's NF110 isoform blocked its ability to suppress DC maturation. Moreover, RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that ILF3 regulates genes associated with cholesterol homeostasis in addition to genes associated with DC maturation. Together, our data establish ILF3 as a transcriptional regulator that restrains DC maturation and limits innate immune responses through a mechanism that may intersect with lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Nazitto
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Lynn M Amon
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA; and
| | - Fred D Mast
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - John D Aitchison
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Alan Aderem
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.,Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Jarrod S Johnson
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA; and.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Alan H Diercks
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA;
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20
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Richardson N, Wraith DC. Advancement of antigen-specific immunotherapy: knowledge transfer between allergy and autoimmunity. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2021; 1:ltab009. [PMID: 35919740 PMCID: PMC9327121 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted restoration of immunological tolerance to self-antigens or innocuous environmental allergens represents the ultimate aim of treatment options in autoimmune and allergic disease. Antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASI) is the only intervention that has proven disease-modifying efficacy as evidenced by induction of long-term remission in a number of allergic conditions. Mounting evidence is now indicating that specific targeting of pathogenic T cells in autoinflammatory and autoimmune settings enables effective restoration of immune homeostasis between effector and regulatory cells and alters the immunological course of disease. Here, we discuss the key lessons learned during the development of antigen-specific immunotherapies and how these can be applied to inform future interventions. Armed with this knowledge and current high-throughput technology to track immune cell phenotype and function, it may no longer be a matter of ‘if’ but ‘when’ this ultimate aim of targeted tolerance restoration is realised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Richardson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - David Cameron Wraith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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21
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Taman H, Fenton CG, Anderssen E, Florholmen J, Paulssen RH. DNA hypo-methylation facilitates anti-inflammatory responses in severe ulcerative colitis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248905. [PMID: 33793617 PMCID: PMC8016308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe ulcerative colitis (UC) is a potentially life-threatening disease with a potential colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between transcriptomic and genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in a well-stratified, treatment-naïve severe UC patient population in order to define specific epigenetic changes that could be responsible for the grade of disease severity. Mucosal biopsies from treatment-naïve severe UC patients (n = 8), treatment-naïve mild UC (n = 8), and healthy controls (n = 8) underwent both whole transcriptome RNA-Seq and genome-wide DNA bisulfite- sequencing, and principal component analysis (PCA), cell deconvolutions and diverse statistical methods were applied to obtain a dataset of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with correlation to DNA methylation for severe UC. DNA hypo-methylation correlated with approximately 80% of all DEGs in severe UC when compared to mild UC. Enriched pathways of annotated hypo-methylated genes revealed neutrophil degranulation, and immuno-regulatory interactions of the lymphoid system. Specifically, hypo-methylated anti-inflammatory genes found for severe UC were IL10, SIGLEC5, CD86, CLMP and members of inflammasomes NLRP3 and NLRC4. Hypo-methylation of anti-inflammatory genes during severe UC implies an interplay between the epithelium and lamina propria in order to mitigate inflammation in the gut. The specifically DNA hypo-methylated genes found for severe UC can potentially be useful biomarkers for determining disease severity and in the development of new targeted treatment strategies for severe UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar Taman
- Clinical Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Genomics Support Centre Tromsø (GSCT), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Christopher G. Fenton
- Genomics Support Centre Tromsø (GSCT), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Endre Anderssen
- Genomics Support Centre Tromsø (GSCT), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Gastroenterology and Nutrition Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ruth H. Paulssen
- Clinical Bioinformatics Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Genomics Support Centre Tromsø (GSCT), Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT- The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
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22
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Dawicki W, Huang H, Ma Y, Town J, Zhang X, Rudulier CD, Gordon JR. CD40 signaling augments IL-10 expression and the tolerogenicity of IL-10-induced regulatory dendritic cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248290. [PMID: 33793599 PMCID: PMC8016274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CD40 expressed on stimulatory dendritic cells (DC) provides an important accessory signal for induction of effector T cell responses. It is also expressed at lower levels on regulatory DC (DCreg), but there is little evidence that CD40 signaling contributes to the tolerogenic activity of these cells. Indeed, CD40 silencing within DCreg has been reported to induce T cell tolerance in multiple disease models, suggesting that CD40 is superfluous to DC-induced tolerance. We critically assessed whether CD40 does have a role in tolerance induced by IL-10-differentiated DC (DC10) by using DC10 generating from the bone marrow of wild-type (w.t.) or CD40-/- donor mice, or IL-10-complemented CD40-/- DC10 to treat asthmatic mice. Wild-type DC10 ablated the OVA-asthma phenotype via induction of Foxp3+ Treg responses, but CD40-/- DC10 had no discernible effects on primary facets of the phenotype (e.g., IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 levels, IgE & IgG1 antibodies; p>0.05) and were ≤40% effective in reversal of others. Foxp3+ T cells from the lungs of CD40-/- DC10-treated mice expressed reduced levels of a panel of six Treg-specific activation markers relative to Treg from w.t. DC10-treated mice. Coculture with effector T cells from asthmatic mice induced a marked upregulation of cell surface CD40 on w.t. DC10. While untreated CD40-/- and w.t. DC10 secreted equally low levels of IL-10, stimulation of w.t. DC10 with anti-CD40 for 72 h increased their expression of IL-10 by ≈250%, with no parallel induction of IL-12. Complementing IL-10 expression in CD40-/- DC10 by IL-10 mRNA transfection fully restored the cells’ abilities to suppress the asthma phenotype. In summary, CD40 signaling in DC10 contributes importantly to their expression of IL-10 and to a robust induction of tolerance, including activation of induced Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Dawicki
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Yanna Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Jennifer Town
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Xiaobei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Chris D. Rudulier
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - John R. Gordon
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatoon, Canada
- * E-mail:
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23
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Dissection of intercellular communication using the transcriptome-based framework ICELLNET. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1089. [PMID: 33597528 PMCID: PMC7889941 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21244-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell communication can be inferred from ligand–receptor expression in cell transcriptomic datasets. However, important challenges remain: global integration of cell-to-cell communication; biological interpretation; and application to individual cell population transcriptomic profiles. We develop ICELLNET, a transcriptomic-based framework integrating: 1) an original expert-curated database of ligand–receptor interactions accounting for multiple subunits expression; 2) quantification of communication scores; 3) the possibility to connect a cell population of interest with 31 reference human cell types; and 4) three visualization modes to facilitate biological interpretation. We apply ICELLNET to three datasets generated through RNA-seq, single-cell RNA-seq, and microarray. ICELLNET reveals autocrine IL-10 control of human dendritic cell communication with up to 12 cell types. Four of them (T cells, keratinocytes, neutrophils, pDC) are further tested and experimentally validated. In summary, ICELLNET is a global, versatile, biologically validated, and easy-to-use framework to dissect cell communication from individual or multiple cell-based transcriptomic profiles. Bulk and single-cell transcriptomic data can be a source of novel insights into how cells interact with each other. Here the authors develop ICELLNET, a global, biologically validated, and easy-to-use framework to dissect cell communication from individual or multiple cell-based transcriptomic profiles.
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24
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Hombach AA, Heiders J, Foppe M, Chmielewski M, Abken H. OX40 costimulation by a chimeric antigen receptor abrogates CD28 and IL-2 induced IL-10 secretion by redirected CD4(+) T cells. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:458-466. [PMID: 22754764 PMCID: PMC3382912 DOI: 10.4161/onci.19855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected T cells recently showed remarkable anti-tumor efficacy in early phase clinical trials; self-repression of the immune response by T-cell secreted cytokines, however, is still an issue raising interest to abrogate the secretion of repressive cytokines while preserving the panel of CAR induced pro-inflammatory cytokines. We here revealed that T-cell activation by a CD28-ζ signaling CAR induced IL-10 secretion, which compromises T cell based immunity, along with the release of pro-inflammatory IFN-γ and IL-2. T cells stimulated by a ζ CAR without costimulation did not secrete IL-2 or IL-10; the latter, however, could be induced by supplementation with IL-2. Abrogation of CD28-ζ CAR induced IL-2 release by CD28 mutation did not reduce IL-10 secretion indicating that IL-10 can be induced by both a CD28 and an IL-2 mediated pathway. In contrast to the CD28-ζ CAR, a CAR with OX40 (CD134) costimulation did not induce IL-10. OX40 cosignaling by a 3rd generation CD28-ζ-OX40 CAR repressed CD28 induced IL-10 secretion but did not affect the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, T-cell amplification or T-cell mediated cytolysis. IL-2 induced IL-10 was also repressed by OX40 co-signaling. OX40 moreover repressed IL-10 secretion by regulatory T cells which are strong IL-10 producers upon activation. Taken together OX40 cosignaling in CAR redirected T cell activation effectively represses IL-10 secretion which contributes to counteract self-repression and provides a rationale to explore OX40 co-signaling CARs in order to prolong a redirected T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas A Hombach
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) and Tumor Genetics; Department I Internal Medicine; University of Cologne; Cologne, Germany
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25
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Li XP, Zhang J. Tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) interleukin 10 receptors are involved in the immune response against bacterial infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 115:103885. [PMID: 33045275 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10, an immune-regulatory cytokine, exerts various biological functions through interaction with IL-10 receptors. In teleost, very limited functional studies on IL-10 receptors have been documented. In this study, we reported the expression patterns of IL-10 receptor 1 (CsIL-10R1) and receptor 2 (CsIL-10R2) of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) and examined their biological properties. The expression of CsIL-10R1 and CsIL-10R2 occurred in multiple tissues and were regulated by bacterial challenge. In vitro binding studies showed that recombinant extracellular region of CsIL-10R1 (rCsIL-10R1ex) rather than rCsIL-10R2ex could bind with rCsIL-10. Cellular study showed that both CsIL-10R1 and CsIL-10R2 were expressed on peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs), and blockade of CsIL-10R1 or CsIL-10R2 by antibody could reduce inhibitory effect of CsIL-10 on ROS production of PBLs. When injected in vivo, anti-rCsIL-10R1 or anti-rCsIL-10R2 antibody dramatically promoted the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and suppressed bacterial dissemination in tongue sole tissues. Consistently, the overexpression of CsIL-10R1 or CsIL-10R2 significantly enhanced bacterial dissemination, and the overexpression of CsIL-10R1M bearing STAT3 site mutation reduced bacterial dissemination. Overall, these results demonstrate for the first time teleost IL-10 receptors play a negative role in antibacterial immunity and add insight into the function of CsIL-10 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Peng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, CAS Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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26
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Liu X, Xia X, Wang X, Zhou J, Sung LA, Long J, Geng X, Zeng Z, Yao W. Tropomodulin1 Expression Increases Upon Maturation in Dendritic Cells and Promotes Their Maturation and Immune Functions. Front Immunol 2021; 11:587441. [PMID: 33552047 PMCID: PMC7856346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.587441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells. Upon maturation, DCs express costimulatory molecules and migrate to the lymph nodes to present antigens to T cells. The actin cytoskeleton plays key roles in multiple aspects of DC functions. However, little is known about the mechanisms and identities of actin-binding proteins that control DC maturation and maturation-associated functional changes. Tropomodulin1 (Tmod1), an actin-capping protein, controls actin depolymerization and nucleation. We found that Tmod1 was expressed in bone marrow-derived immature DCs and was significantly upregulated upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced DC maturation. By characterizing LPS-induced mature DCs (mDCs) from Tmod1 knockout mice, we found that compared with Tmod1+/+ mDCs, Tmod1-deficient mDCs exhibited lower surface expression of costimulatory molecules and chemokine receptors and reduced secretion of inflammatory cytokines, suggesting that Tmod1 deficiency retarded DC maturation. Tmod1-deficient mDCs also showed impaired random and chemotactic migration, deteriorated T-cell stimulatory ability, and reduced F-actin content and cell stiffness. Furthermore, Tmod1-deficient mDCs secreted high levels of IFN-β and IL-10 and induced immune tolerance in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model. Mechanistically, Tmod1 deficiency affected TLR4 signaling transduction, resulting in the decreased activity of MyD88-dependent NFκB and MAPK pathways but the increased activity of the TRIF/IRF3 pathway. Rescue with exogenous Tmod1 reversed the effect of Tmod1 deficiency on TLR4 signaling. Therefore, Tmod1 is critical in regulating DC maturation and immune functions by regulating TLR4 signaling and the actin cytoskeleton. Tmod1 may be a potential target for modulating DC functions, a strategy that would be beneficial for immunotherapy for several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianmei Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Hemorheology Center, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Xia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Hemorheology Center, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xifu Wang
- Department of Emergency, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Hemorheology Center, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lanping Amy Sung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jinhua Long
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xueyu Geng
- Hemorheology Center, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Weijuan Yao
- Hemorheology Center, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Center, Beijing, China
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27
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Hall ET, Fernandez-Lopez E, Silk AW, Dummer R, Bhatia S. Immunologic Characteristics of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers: Implications for Immunotherapy. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2020; 40:1-10. [PMID: 32207669 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_278953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the immunology of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) and the clinical data with immunotherapy in this heterogeneous group of cancers that include basal cell carcinoma (BCC), cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC), and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). NMSCs are exceedingly common, and their treatment consumes substantial health care resources. Annual global mortality from NMSCs is comparable to that from malignant melanoma. Although the majority of NMSCs are localized at diagnosis and are treated effectively with surgery, metastases (nodal and distant) can sometimes arise and require systemic therapy. Given the success of immunotherapy in treating cutaneous melanoma, there has been an increasing interest in studying the immunology of NMSCs. Immunocompromised patients have a substantially higher risk of developing NMSCs (particularly CSCC and MCC), suggesting a role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of these cancers. Similar to cutaneous melanoma, the pathogenesis of BCC, CSCC, and virus-negative MCC is related to DNA damage from ultraviolet radiation exposure, and these cancers have a very high tumor mutational burden, which likely results in higher levels of tumor neoantigens that may be targets for the immune system. Viral antigens in virus-positive MCC are also strongly immunogenic. Emerging data from clinical trials of immune checkpoint inhibitors in NMSCs look very promising and are rapidly changing the treatment landscape of these cancers. Specifically, pembrolizumab and avelumab are U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved for treatment of metastatic MCC and cemiplimab for metastatic CSCC. Several ongoing trials are investigating novel immunotherapies (monotherapies as well as combination) for treatment of NMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan T Hall
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Ann W Silk
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shailender Bhatia
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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28
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Guinan J, Lopez BS. Generating Bovine Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells for Experimental and Clinical Applications Using Commercially Available Serum-Free Medium. Front Immunol 2020; 11:591185. [PMID: 33178224 PMCID: PMC7596353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.591185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in fundamental and applied immunology research often originate from pilot studies utilizing animal models. While cattle represent an ideal model for disease pathogenesis and vaccinology research for a number of human disease, optimized bovine culture models have yet to be fully established. Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MoDC) are critical in activating adaptive immunity and are an attractive subset for experimental and clinical applications. The use of serum-supplemented culture medium in this ex vivo approach is undesirable as serum contains unknown quantities of immune-modulating components and may induce unwanted immune responses if not autologous. Here, we describe a standardized protocol for generating bovine MoDC in serum-free medium (AIM-V) and detail the MoDC phenotype, cytokine profile, and metabolic signature achieved using this culture methodology. MoDC generated from adult, barren cattle were used for a series of experiments that evaluated the following culture conditions: medium type, method of monocyte enrichment, culture duration, and concentration of differentiation additives. Viability and yield were assessed using flow cytometric propidium iodide staining and manual hemocytometer counting, respectively. MoDC phenotype and T cell activation and proliferation were assessed by flow cytometric analysis of surface markers (MHC class II, CD86, CD14, and CD205), and CD25 and CFSE respectively. Cytokine secretion was quantified using a multiplex bovine cytokine panel (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, MIP-1α, TNF-α, and IL-4). Changes in cell metabolism following stimulation were analyzed using an Extracellular Flux (XFe96) Seahorse Analyzer. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA. Immature MoDC generated in serum-free medium using magnetic-activated cell sorting with plate adhesion to enrich monocytes and cultured for 4 days have the following phenotypic profile: MHC class II+++, CD86+, CD205++, and CD14-. These MoDC can be matured with PMA and ionomycin as noted by increased CD86 and CD40 expression, increased cytokine secretion (IL-1α, IL-10, MIP-1α, and IL-17A), a metabolic switch to aerobic glycolysis, and induction of T cell activation and proliferation following maturation. Cultivation of bovine MoDC utilizing our well-defined culture protocol offers a serum-free approach to mechanistically investigate mechanisms of diseases and the safety and efficacy of novel therapeutics for both humans and cattle alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Guinan
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Brina S Lopez
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, AZ, United States
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29
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Alberca RW, Pereira NZ, Oliveira LMDS, Gozzi-Silva SC, Sato MN. Pregnancy, Viral Infection, and COVID-19. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1672. [PMID: 32733490 PMCID: PMC7358375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy comprises a unique immunological condition, to allow fetal development and to protect the host from pathogenic infections. Viral infections during pregnancy can disrupt immunological tolerance and may generate deleterious effects on the fetus. Despite these possible links between pregnancy and infection-induced morbidity, it is unclear how pregnancy interferes with maternal response to some viral pathogens. In this context, the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) can induce the coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women. The potential risk of vertical transmission is unclear, babies born from COVID-19-positive mothers seems to have no serious clinical symptoms, the possible mechanisms are discussed, which highlights that checking the children's outcome and more research is warranted. In this review, we investigate the reports concerning viral infections and COVID-19 during pregnancy, to establish a correlation and possible implications of COVID-19 during pregnancy and neonatal's health.
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MESH Headings
- Betacoronavirus
- COVID-19
- Child, Preschool
- Coronavirus Infections/blood
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/transmission
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Cytokines/blood
- Female
- Fetal Development/immunology
- Humans
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
- Mothers
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/blood
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/transmission
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology
- SARS-CoV-2
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Wesley Alberca
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nátalli Zanete Pereira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luanda Mara Da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies, LIM-56, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Institute of Tropical Medicine of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Notomi Sato
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Morrissey ME, Byrne R, Nulty C, McCabe NH, Lynam-Lennon N, Butler CT, Kennedy S, O'Toole D, Larkin J, McCormick P, Mehigan B, Cathcart MC, Lysaght J, Reynolds JV, Ryan EJ, Dunne MR, O'Sullivan J. The tumour microenvironment of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract differentially influences dendritic cell maturation. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:566. [PMID: 32552799 PMCID: PMC7302160 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07012-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Only 10–30% of oesophageal and rectal adenocarcinoma patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy have a complete pathological response. Inflammatory and angiogenic mediators in the tumour microenvironment (TME) may enable evasion of anti-tumour immune responses. Methods The TME influence on infiltrating dendritic cells (DCs) was modelled by treating immature monocyte-derived DCs with Tumour Conditioned Media (TCM) from distinct gastrointestinal sites, prior to LPS-induced maturation. Results Cell line conditioned media from gastrointestinal cell lines inhibited LPS-induced DC markers and TNF-α secretion. TCM generated from human tumour biopsies from oesophageal, rectal and colonic adenocarcinoma induced different effects on LPS-induced DC markers - CD54, CD80, HLA-DR, CD86 and CD83 were enhanced by oesophageal cancer; CD80, CD86 and CD83 were enhanced by rectal cancer, whereas CD54, HLA-DR, CD86, CD83 and PD-L1 were inhibited by colonic cancer. Notably, TCM from all GI cancer types inhibited TNF-α secretion. Additionally, TCM from irradiated biopsies inhibited DC markers. Profiling the TCM showed that IL-2 levels positively correlated with maturation marker CD54, while Ang-2 and bFGF levels negatively correlated with CD54. Conclusion This study identifies that there are differences in DC maturational capacity induced by the TME of distinct gastrointestinal cancers. This could potentially have implications for anti-tumour immunity and response to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Morrissey
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Róisín Byrne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Celina Nulty
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh H McCabe
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Niamh Lynam-Lennon
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Clare T Butler
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Susan Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Dermot O'Toole
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Mary-Clare Cathcart
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Joanne Lysaght
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Oesophageal Unit, St James's Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth J Ryan
- Centre for Colorectal Disease, Education and Research Centre, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Department of Biological Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Co., Limerick, Ireland
| | - Margaret R Dunne
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Jacintha O'Sullivan
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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31
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Poole E, Neves TC, Oliveira MT, Sinclair J, da Silva MCC. Human Cytomegalovirus Interleukin 10 Homologs: Facing the Immune System. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:245. [PMID: 32582563 PMCID: PMC7296156 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) can cause a variety of health disorders that can lead to death in immunocompromised individuals and neonates. The HCMV lifecycle comprises both a lytic (productive) and a latent (non-productive) phase. HCMV lytic infection occurs in a wide range of terminally differentiated cell types. HCMV latency has been less well-studied, but one characterized site of latency is in precursor cells of the myeloid lineage. All known viral genes are expressed during a lytic infection and a subset of these are also transcribed during latency. The UL111A gene which encodes the viral IL-10, a homolog of the human IL-10, is one of these genes. During infection, different transcript isoforms of UL111A are generated by alternative splicing. The most studied of the UL111A isoforms are cmvIL-10 (also termed the "A" transcript) and LAcmvIL-10 (also termed the "B" transcript), the latter being a well-characterized latency associated transcript. Both isoforms can downregulate MHC class II, however they differ in a number of other immunomodulatory properties, such as the ability to bind the IL10 receptor and induce signaling through STAT3. There are also a number of other isoforms which have been identified which are expressed by differential splicing during lytic infection termed C, D, E, F, and G, although these have been less extensively studied. HCMV uses the viral IL-10 proteins to manipulate the immune system during lytic and latent phases of infection. In this review, we will discuss the literature on the viral IL-10 transcripts identified to date, their encoded proteins and the structures of these proteins as well as the functional properties of all the different isoforms of viral IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Poole
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tainan Cerqueira Neves
- Center for Natural and Humanities Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Martha Trindade Oliveira
- Center for Natural and Humanities Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - John Sinclair
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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32
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Legitimo A, Bertini V, Costagliola G, Baroncelli GI, Morganti R, Valetto A, Consolini R. Vitamin D status and the immune assessment in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 200:272-286. [PMID: 32149392 PMCID: PMC7231997 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is characterized by a heterogeneous phenotype, including alterations in phospho-calcium metabolism and immunodeficiency. We analyzed vitamin D status and the immune assessment, focusing on T cell subpopulations and dendritic cells (DCs) in a cohort of 17 pediatric 22q11.2DS patients and 17 age-matched healthy subjects. As antigen-presenting cells, DCs are the main target of vitamin D, promoting a tolerogenic T cell response. Patients were subdivided into three groups according to the parameters of phospho-calcium metabolism and serum levels of 25OHD: normal values, vitamin D deficiency and hypoparathyroidism. Different degrees of T cell deficiency, ranging from normal to partial T cell numbers, were observed in the cohort of patients. The group with vitamin D deficiency showed a significant reduction of naive T cells and a significant increase of central memory T cells compared to controls. In this group the number of circulating DCs was significantly reduced. DC decrease affected both myeloid and plasmacytoid DC subsets (mDCs and pDCs), with the most relevant reduction involving pDCs. A direct correlation between 25OHD levels and recent thymic emigrant (RTE) and DC number was identified. Despite the limited cohort analyzed, our results show that deficiency of the pDC subset in patients with 22q11.2DS may be included among the causative factors of the progressive increase of risk of autoimmune diseases in these patients. As most patients suffer from increased susceptibility to infections and heightened prevalence of autoimmune disorders, we suggest a potential role of vitamin D supplementation in preventing autoimmune or proinflammatory diseases in 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Legitimo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of PediatricsUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - V. Bertini
- Department of Medicine of Laboratory, Section of CytogeneticsAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - G. Costagliola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of PediatricsUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| | - G. I. Baroncelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of PediatricsAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - R. Morganti
- Section of StatisticsAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - A. Valetto
- Department of Medicine of Laboratory, Section of CytogeneticsAzienda Ospedaliero Universitaria PisanaPisaItaly
| | - R. Consolini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of PediatricsUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
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33
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Blum L, Geisslinger G, Parnham MJ, Grünweller A, Schiffmann S. Natural antiviral compound silvestrol modulates human monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6988-6999. [PMID: 32374474 PMCID: PMC7267175 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of infections with viruses like Sars‐CoV‐2, Ebola virus and Zika virus lead to major global health and economic problems because of limited treatment options. Therefore, new antiviral drug candidates are urgently needed. The promising new antiviral drug candidate silvestrol effectively inhibited replication of Corona‐, Ebola‐, Zika‐, Picorna‐, Hepatis E and Chikungunya viruses. Besides a direct impact on pathogens, modulation of the host immune system provides an additional facet to antiviral drug development because suitable immune modulation can boost innate defence mechanisms against the pathogens. In the present study, silvestrol down‐regulated several pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, CCL2, CCL18) and increased TNF‐α during differentiation and activation of M1‐macrophages, suggesting that the effects of silvestrol might cancel each other out. However, silvestrol amplified the anti‐inflammatory potential of M2‐macrophages by increasing expression of anti‐inflammatory surface markers CD206, TREM2 and reducing release of pro‐inflammatory IL‐8 and CCL2. The differentiation of dendritic cells in the presence of silvestrol is characterized by down‐regulation of several surface markers and cytokines indicating that differentiation is impaired by silvestrol. In conclusion, silvestrol influences the inflammatory status of immune cells depending on the cell type and activation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Blum
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael J Parnham
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arnold Grünweller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Schiffmann
- Branch for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Immunomodulation of Avian Dendritic Cells under the Induction of Prebiotics. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040698. [PMID: 32316442 PMCID: PMC7222706 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Dendritic cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns in chicken intestines and are part of the initial immune response. The immunoregulatory properties of prebiotics acting in several ways in poultry have been known for many years. According to their function, dendritic cells should play an indispensable role in the proven effects of prebiotics on the intestinal immune system, such as through activation of T and B cells and cytokine production. Currently, there are no studies concerning direct interactions in poultry between non-digestible feed components and dendritic cells. Whereas most in vitro experiments with chicken dendritic cells have studied their interactions with pathogens, in vitro studies are now needed to determine the impacts of prebiotics on the gastrointestinal dendritic cells themselves. The present lack of information in this area limits the development of effective feed additives for poultry production. The main purpose of this review is to explore ideas regarding potential mechanisms by which dendritic cells might harmonize the immune response after prebiotic supplementation and thereby provide a basis for future studies. Abstract Although the immunomodulatory properties of prebiotics were demonstrated many years ago in poultry, not all mechanisms of action are yet clear. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the main antigen-presenting cells orchestrating the immune response in the chicken gastrointestinal tract, and they are the first line of defense in the immune response. Despite the crucial role of DCs in prebiotic immunomodulatory properties, information is lacking about interaction between prebiotics and DCs in an avian model. Mannan-oligosaccharides, β-glucans, fructooligosaccharides, and chitosan-oligosaccharides are the main groups of prebiotics having immunomodulatory properties. Because pathogen-associated molecular patterns on these prebiotics are recognized by many receptors of DCs, prebiotics can mimic activation of DCs by pathogens. Short-chain fatty acids are products of prebiotic fermentation by microbiota, and their anti-inflammatory properties have also been demonstrated in DCs. This review summarizes current knowledge about avian DCs in the gastrointestinal tract, and for the first-time, their role in the immunomodulatory properties of prebiotics within an avian model.
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Santos EDS, de Aragão-França LS, Meira CS, Cerqueira JV, Vasconcelos JF, Nonaka CKV, Pontes-de-Carvalho LC, Soares MBP. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells Reduce Cardiac Inflammation and Fibrosis in Chronic Chagas Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:488. [PMID: 32318058 PMCID: PMC7154094 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC) is the most frequent and severe form of this parasitic disease. CCC is caused by a progressive inflammation in the heart, resulting in alterations that can culminate in heart failure and death. The use of dendritic cells (DCs) appears as an option for the development of treatments due to their important role in regulating immune responses. Here, we investigated whether tolerogenic cells (tDCs) could interfere with the progression of CCC in an experimental model of Chagas disease. The tDCs were generated and characterized as CD11b+ CD11c+ cells, low expression of MHC-II, CD86, CD80, and CD40, and increased expression of PD-L. These cells produced low levels of IL-6 and IL-12p70 and higher levels of IL-10, compared to mature DCs (mDCs). Interestingly, tDCs inhibited lymphoproliferation and markedly increased the population of FoxP3+ Treg cells in vitro, compared to mature DCs. In a mouse model of CCC, treatment with tDCs reduced heart inflammation and fibrosis. Furthermore, tDCs treatment reduced the gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Ifng and Il12) and of genes related to cardiac remodeling (Col1a2 and Lgals3), while increasing the gene expression of IL-10. Finally, administration of tDCs, increased the percentage of Treg cells in the hearts and spleens of chagasic mice. Ours results show that tolerogenic dendritic cells have therapeutic potential on CCC, inhibiting disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carolina Kymie Vasques Nonaka
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil.,Center for Biotechnology and Cell Therapy, Hospital São Rafael, Salvador, Brazil
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Hogervorst TP, Li RJE, Marino L, Bruijns SCM, Meeuwenoord NJ, Filippov DV, Overkleeft HS, van der Marel GA, van Vliet SJ, van Kooyk Y, Codée JDC. C-Mannosyl Lysine for Solid Phase Assembly of Mannosylated Peptide Conjugate Cancer Vaccines. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:728-739. [PMID: 32045202 PMCID: PMC7091534 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Dendritic
cells (DCs) are armed with a multitude of Pattern Recognition
Receptors (PRRs) to recognize pathogens and initiate pathogen-tailored
T cell responses. In these responses, the maturation of DCs is key,
as well as the production of cytokines that help to accomplish T cell
responses. DC-SIGN is a frequently exploited PRR that can effectively
be targeted with mannosylated antigens to enhance the induction of
antigen-specific T cells. The natural O-mannosidic
linkage is susceptible to enzymatic degradation, and its chemical
sensitivity complicates the synthesis of mannosylated antigens. For
this reason, (oligo)mannosides are generally introduced in a late
stage of the antigen synthesis, requiring orthogonal conjugation handles
for their attachment. To increase the stability of the mannosides
and streamline the synthesis of mannosylated peptide antigens, we
here describe the development of an acid-stable C-mannosyl lysine, which allows for the inline introduction of mannosides
during solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). The developed amino acid
has been successfully used for the assembly of both small ligands
and peptide antigen conjugates comprising an epitope of the gp100
melanoma-associated antigen and a TLR7 agonist for DC activation.
The ligands showed similar internalization capacities and binding
affinities as the O-mannosyl analogs. Moreover, the
antigen conjugates were capable of inducing maturation, stimulating
the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and providing enhanced
gp100 presentation to CD8+ and CD4+ T cells,
similar to their O-mannosyl counterparts. Our results
demonstrate that the C-mannose lysine is a valuable
building block for the generation of anticancer peptide-conjugate
vaccine modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim P. Hogervorst
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - R. J. Eveline Li
- Amsterdam UMC-Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Deptartment of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Marino
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sven C. M. Bruijns
- Amsterdam UMC-Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Deptartment of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nico J. Meeuwenoord
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V. Filippov
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Herman S. Overkleeft
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gijsbert A. van der Marel
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra J. van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC-Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Deptartment of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Amsterdam UMC-Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Deptartment of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen D. C. Codée
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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37
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Clayton SM, Archard JA, Wagner J, Farwell DG, Bewley AF, Beliveau A, Birkeland A, Rao S, Abouyared M, Belafsky PC, Anderson JD. Immunoregulatory Potential of Exosomes Derived from Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:327-335. [PMID: 31856674 PMCID: PMC7081244 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are malignancies that originate in the mucosal lining of the upper aerodigestive tract. Despite advances in therapeutic interventions, survival rates among HNSCC patients have remained static for years. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are tumor-initiating cells that are highly resistant to treatment, and are hypothesized to contribute to a significant fraction of tumor recurrences. Consequently, further investigations of how CSCs mediate recurrence may provide insights into novel druggable targets. A key element of recurrence involves the tumor's ability to evade immunosurveillance. Recent published reports suggest that CSCs possess immunosuppressive properties, however, the underlying mechanism have yet to be fully elucidated. To date, most groups have focused on the role of CSC-derived secretory proteins, such as cytokines and growth factors. Here, we review the established immunoregulatory role of exosomes derived from mixed tumor cell populations, and propose further study of CSC-derived exosomes may be warranted. Such studies may yield novel insights into new druggable targets, or lay the foundation for future exosome-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Clayton
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Joehleen A. Archard
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Joseph Wagner
- University of California Drug Discovery Consortium, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - D. Gregory Farwell
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Arnaud F. Bewley
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Angela Beliveau
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Andrew Birkeland
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Shyam Rao
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Marianne Abouyared
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Peter C. Belafsky
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Johnathon D. Anderson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
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38
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Alscher DM, Bruckner A, Fritz P, Kimmel M, Stoeltzing H, Kuhlmann U, Mettang T. Metallothionein and Dendritic Cells in Skin of End-Stage Renal Disease Patients not on Dialysis, or on Hemodialysis or Peritoneal Dialysis. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686080202200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
♦ Objective Renal failure leads to a variety of defects in immune function. The skin, as a major player in the immune system network, also exhibits multiple derangements. The pathogenesis of these defects and derangements are poorly understood; therefore, we studied immune competent cells, dermal dendrocytes (DC), and a special proinflammatory protein, metallothionein (MT), in the skin of these patients. ♦ Design 22 patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) but not on dialysis, 18 patients on hemodialysis (HD), 14 patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), and 35 healthy controls were included in the study. Immunohistochemical staining of skin biopsies for DC and MT was performed with the following antibodies: for DC, antibody against factor XIIIa; and for MT, Dako-MT, E9 (Dako, Carpinteria, California, USA). Measurements were made by counting stained DC per square millimeter, and by optical density (OD) for MT (mean ± SEM). ♦ Results Metallothionein was increased in the skin of HD (OD 0.42 ± 0.05, p < 0.01) and PD patients (OD 0.33 ± 0.04, p < 0.05) compared to controls (OD 0.23 ± 0.02) and ESRD patients not on dialysis (OD 0.22 ± 0.05). In contrast, numbers of DC were reduced in patients on PD compared to controls (59 ± 13 vs 96 ± 59 DC/mm2, p < 0.01) and increased in patients with ESRD prior to dialysis (141 ± 13 DC/mm2, p < 0.05). Patients on HD were in-between (105 ± 20 DC/mm2), with a significant difference versus patients on PD ( p < 0.05). ♦ Conclusions Our data show that the mode of dialysis influences the number of antigen-presenting cells in the dermis. However, in both dialysis modes, a proinflammatory immune status of the skin (MT) was present and, therefore, other regulatory elements for dermal dendrocytes apart from proinflammation exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik M. Alscher
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Robert-Bosch Krankenhaus
| | - Andreas Bruckner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Marienhospital, Robert-Bosch Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Fritz
- Division of Pathology, Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Robert-Bosch Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Kimmel
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Robert-Bosch Krankenhaus
| | - Hartmut Stoeltzing
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Robert-Bosch Krankenhaus, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kuhlmann
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Robert-Bosch Krankenhaus
| | - Thomas Mettang
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Robert-Bosch Krankenhaus
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Tsai MH, Chuang CC, Chen CC, Yen HJ, Cheng KM, Chen XA, Shyu HF, Lee CY, Young JJ, Kau JH. Nanoparticles assembled from fucoidan and trimethylchitosan as anthrax vaccine adjuvant: In vitro and in vivo efficacy in comparison to CpG. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 236:116041. [PMID: 32172855 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan/trimethylchitosan nanoparticles (FUC-TMC-NPs) have the potential to improve the immunostimulating efficiency of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA). FUC-TMC-NPs with positive (+) or negative (-) surface charges were prepared via polyelectrolyte complexation, both charged NP types permitted high viability and presented no cytotoxicity on L929, A549 and JAWS II dendritic cells. Flow cytometry measurements indicated lower (+)-FUC-TMC-NPs internalization levels than (-)-FUC-TMC-NPs, yet produced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, IL12p40, and IL-4. Moreover, fluorescence microscope images proved that both charged NP could deliver drugs into the nucleus. In vivo studies on A/J mice showed that (+)-FUC-TMC-NPs carrying AVA triggered an efficient response with a higher IgG anti-PA antibody titer than AVA with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, and yielded 100 % protection when challenged with the anthracis spores. Furthermore, PA-specific IgG1 and IgG2a analysis confirmed that (+)-FUC-TMC-NPs strongly stimulated humoral immunity. In conclusion, (+)-FUC-TMC-NP is promising anthrax vaccine adjuvant as an alternative to CpG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hung Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuan-Chang Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Cheung Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Ju Yen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuang-Ming Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Xin-An Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huey-Fen Shyu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chia-Ying Lee
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jenn-Jong Young
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Jyh-Hwa Kau
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei City 23742, Taiwan, ROC.
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40
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De Trez C, Stijlemans B, Bockstal V, Cnops J, Korf H, Van Snick J, Caljon G, Muraille E, Humphreys IR, Boon L, Van Ginderachter JA, Magez S. A Critical Blimp-1-Dependent IL-10 Regulatory Pathway in T Cells Protects From a Lethal Pro-inflammatory Cytokine Storm During Acute Experimental Trypanosoma brucei Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1085. [PMID: 32655552 PMCID: PMC7325990 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In many infectious diseases, the immune response operates as a double-edged sword. While required for protective immunity, infection-induced inflammation can be detrimental if it is not properly controlled, causing collateral body damage and potentially leading to death. It is in this context that the potent anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) is required to dampen the pro-inflammatory immune response that hallmarks trypanosomosis. Effective control of this infection requires not just the action of antibodies specific for the parasite's variable surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat antigens, but also a pro-inflammatory immune response mediated mainly by IFNγ, TNF, and NO. However, strict control of inflammation is mandatory, as IL-10-deficient mice succumb from an unrestrained cytokine storm within 10 days of a Trypanosome brucei infection. The relevant cellular source of IL-10 and the associated molecular mechanisms implicated in its trypanosomosis associated production are poorly understood. Using an IL-10 reporter mouse strain (Vert-X), we demonstrate here that NK cells, CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells as well as B cells and plasma cells constitute potential cellular sources of IL-10 within the spleen and liver during acute infection. The IL-10 wave follows peak pro-inflammatory cytokine production, which accompanied the control of peak parasitemia. Similar results were observed following conventional experimental needle infection and physiological infections via T. brucei-infected tsetse flies. Our results show that conditional T cell-specific ablation of the IL-10 regulating Prdm1 gene (encoding for the Blimp-1 transcription factor), leads to an uncontrolled trypanosome-induced pro-inflammatory syndrome like the one observed in infected IL-10-deficient mice. This result indicates that the biological role of IL-10-derived from non-T cells, including NK cells, is of minor importance when considering host survival. The cytokine IL-27 that is also considered to be an IL-10 regulator, did not affect IL-10 production during infection. Together, these data suggest that T. brucei activates a Blimp-1-dependent IL-10 regulatory pathway in T cells that acts as a critical anti-inflammatory rheostat, mandatory for host survival during the acute phase of parasitemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl De Trez
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Stijlemans
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viki Bockstal
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jennifer Cnops
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Van Snick
- de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Ludwig Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Caljon
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eric Muraille
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie des Microorganismes, Laboratoire d'Immunologie et de Microbiologie, Université de Namur, Namur, Belgium.,Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ian R Humphreys
- Division of Infection and Immunity/Systems Immunity University Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jo A Van Ginderachter
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB Centre for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Magez
- Research Unit of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium.,Ghent University Global, Incheon, South Korea
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Sioud M. Unleashing the Therapeutic Potential of Dendritic and T Cell Therapies Using RNA Interference. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2115:259-280. [PMID: 32006406 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0290-4_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic dendritic cell (DC) cancer vaccines work to boost the body's immune system to fight a cancer. Although this type of immunotherapy often leads to the activation of tumor-specfic T cells, clinical responses are fairly low, arguing for the need to improve the design of DC-based vaccines. Recent studies revealed a promising strategy of combining DC vaccines with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting immunosuppressive signals such as checkpoint receptors. Similarly, incorporating checkpoint siRNA blockers in adoptive T-cell therapy to amplify cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses is now being tested in the clinic. The development of the next generation of cancer immunotherapies using siRNA technology will hopefuly benefit patients with various cancer types including those who did not respond to current therapies. This review highlights the latest advances in RNA interference technology to improve the therapeutic efficacy of DC cancer vaccines and T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouldy Sioud
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, Oslo, Norway.
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42
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Tsafaras GP, Ntontsi P, Xanthou G. Advantages and Limitations of the Neonatal Immune System. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:5. [PMID: 32047730 PMCID: PMC6997472 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
During early post-natal life, neonates must adjust to the transition from the sheltered intra-uterine environment to the microbe-laden external world, wherein they encounter a constellation of antigens and the colonization by the microbiome. At this vulnerable stage, neonatal immune responses are considered immature and present significant differences to those of adults. Pertinent to innate immunity, functional and quantitative deficiencies in antigen-presenting cells and phagocytes are often documented. Exposure to environmental antigens and microbial colonization is associated with epigenetic immune cell reprogramming and activation of effector and regulatory mechanisms that ensure age-depended immune system maturation and prevention of tissue damage. Moreover, neonatal innate immune memory has emerged as a critical mechanism providing protection against infectious agents. Still, in neonates, inexperience to antigenic exposure, along with enhancement of tissue-protective immunosuppressive mechanisms are often associated with severe immunopathological conditions, including sepsis and neurodevelopmental disorders. Despite significant advances in the field, adequate vaccination in newborns is still in its infancy due to elemental restrictions associated also with defective immune responses. In this review, we provide an overview of neonatal innate immune cells, highlighting phenotypic and functional disparities with their adult counterparts. We also discuss the effects of epigenetic modifications and microbial colonization on the regulation of neonatal immunity. A recent update on mechanisms underlying dysregulated neonatal innate immunity and linked infectious and neurodevelopmental diseases is provided. Understanding of the mechanisms that augment innate immune responsiveness in neonates may facilitate the development of improved vaccination protocols that can protect against pathogens and organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Tsafaras
- Cellular Immunology Lab, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Ntontsi
- Second Respiratory Medicine Department, 'Attikon' University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgina Xanthou
- Cellular Immunology Lab, Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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The Nature of Antibacterial Adaptive Immune Responses against Staphylococcus aureus Is Dependent on the Growth Phase and Extracellular Peptidoglycan. Infect Immun 2019; 88:IAI.00733-19. [PMID: 31685545 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00733-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has evolved different strategies to evade the immune response, which play an important role in its pathogenesis. The bacteria express and shed various cell wall components and toxins during different stages of growth that may affect the protective T cell responses to extracellular and intracellular S. aureus However, if and how the dendritic cell (DC)-mediated T cell response against S. aureus changes during growth of the bacterium remain elusive. In this study, we show that exponential-phase (EP) S. aureus bacteria were endocytosed very efficiently by human DCs, and these DCs strongly promoted production of the T cell polarizing factor interleukin-12 (IL-12). In contrast, stationary-phase (SP) S. aureus bacteria were endocytosed less efficiently by DCs, and these DCs produced small amounts of IL-12. The high level of IL-12 production induced by EP S. aureus led to the development of a T helper 1 (Th1) cell response, which was inhibited after neutralization of IL-12. Furthermore, preincubation with the staphylococcal cell wall component peptidoglycan (PGN), characteristically shed during the exponential growth phase, modulated the DC response to EP S. aureus PGN preincubation appeared to inhibit IL-12p35 expression, leading to downregulation of IL-12 and an increase of IL-23 production by DCs, enhancing Th17 cell development. Taken together, our data indicate that exponential-phase S. aureus bacteria induce a stronger IL-12-dependent Th1 cell response than stationary-phase S. aureus and that this Th1 cell response shifted toward a Th17 cell response in the presence of PGN.
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44
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Shalapour S, Karin M. Pas de Deux: Control of Anti-tumor Immunity by Cancer-Associated Inflammation. Immunity 2019; 51:15-26. [PMID: 31315033 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In many settings, tumor-associated inflammation, supported mainly by innate immune cells, contributes to tumor growth. Initial innate activation triggers secretion of inflammatory, regenerative, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn shape the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Here, we review the current understanding of the intricate dialog between cancer-associated inflammation and anti-tumor immunity. We discuss the changing nature of these interactions during tumor progression and the impact of the tissue environment on the anti-tumor immune response. In this context, we outline important gaps in current understanding by considering basic research and findings in the clinic. The future of cancer immunotherapy and its utility depend on improved understanding of these interactions and the ability to manipulate them in a predictable and beneficial manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Shalapour
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michael Karin
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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45
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Carstensen LS, Lie-Andersen O, Obers A, Crowther MD, Svane IM, Hansen M. Long-Term Exposure to Inflammation Induces Differential Cytokine Patterns and Apoptosis in Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2702. [PMID: 31824496 PMCID: PMC6882286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of dendritic cells (DCs) has profound implications and governs the control of adaptive immunity. However, long-term activation might drive exhaustion of immune cells and negatively affect functionality. Here, long-term vs. short-term exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and interferon (IFN)γ was evaluated on human monocyte-derived DCs. Long-term activated DC1s began to undergo apoptosis concomitant with a profound TAM-receptor and efferocytosis-dependent induction of interleukin (IL)-10. Whereas, levels of IL-12p70 and IL-10 were positively correlated upon short-term activation, an inverse association occured upon long-term activation and, while short-term activated CD1a+ DCs were main producers of IL-12p70, CD1a− DCs were the main fraction that underwent apoptosis and released IL-10 upon long-term activation. Moreover, pre-apoptotic long-term activated DCs were no longer able to activate alloreactive IFNγ-responsive T cells present in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers. The IFNγ response was mediated by IL-12p70, as a strong reduction in IFNγ was observed following blockade with an IL-12p70 neutralizing antibody. Finally, multiplex analysis of DC supernatants revealed a particular pattern of proteins associated with apoptosis, cancer and chronic inflammation partly overlapping with gold standard DCs well-known for their inability to secrete IL-12p70. In conclusion, long-term activated DC1s significantly changed their profile toward a non-functional, tumor-promoting and anti-inflammatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Stentoft Carstensen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Olivia Lie-Andersen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.,Immunitrack ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Obers
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Michael Douglas Crowther
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Inge Marie Svane
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten Hansen
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT-DK), Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
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46
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Geginat J, Vasco M, Gerosa M, Tas SW, Pagani M, Grassi F, Flavell RA, Meroni P, Abrignani S. IL-10 producing regulatory and helper T-cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Semin Immunol 2019; 44:101330. [PMID: 31735515 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2019.101330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a highly heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterised by the production of pathogenic autoantibodies against nuclear self-antigens. The anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic cytokine Interleukin-10 appears to play a paradoxical pathogenic role in SLE and is therefore currently therapeutically targeted in clinical trials. It is generally assumed that the pathogenic effect of IL-10 in SLE is due to its growth and differentiation factor activity on autoreactive B-cells, but effects on other cells might also play a role. To date, a unique cellular source of pathogenic IL-10 in SLE has not been identified. In this review, we focus on the contribution of different CD4+T-cell subsets to IL-10 and autoantibody production in SLE. In particular, we discuss that IL-10 produced by different subsets of adaptive regulatory T-cells, follicular helper T-cells and extra-follicular B-helper T-cells is likely to have different effects on autoreactive B-cell responses. A better understanding of the role of IL-10 in B-cell responses and lupus would allow to identify the most promising therapies for individual SLE patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Geginat
- INGM-National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.
| | - M Vasco
- INGM-National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy
| | - M Gerosa
- DISCCO, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy; ASST Istituto G. Pini, Milan, Italy
| | - S W Tas
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute and Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Pagani
- INGM-National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute and Amsterdam Rheumatology & immunology Center (ARC), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - F Grassi
- INGM-National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - R A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Pl Meroni
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
| | - S Abrignani
- INGM-National Institute of Molecular Genetics "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy; DISCCO, Department of Clinical Science and Community Health, University of Milan, Italy
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47
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Stojić-Vukanić Z, Pilipović I, Bufan B, Stojanović M, Leposavić G. Age and sex determine CD4+ T cell stimulatory and polarizing capacity of rat splenic dendritic cells. Biogerontology 2019; 21:83-107. [PMID: 31646402 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-019-09845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated influence of sex and age on splenic myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) from Dark Agouti rats. Freshly isolated DCs from young males exhibited less mature phenotype and greater endocytic capacity compared with those from age-matched females. Upon LPS stimulation in vitro they were less potent in stimulating allogeneic CD4+ cells in mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), due to lower expression of MHC II, and greater NO and IL-10 production. In accordance with higher TGF-β production, young male rat DCs were less potent in stimulating IL-17 production in MLR than those from young females. Irrespective of sex, endocytic capacity and responsiveness of DCs to LPS stimulation in culture, judging by their allostimulatory capacity in MLR decreased with age, reflecting decline in MHC II surface density followed by their greater NO production; the effects more prominent in females. Additionally, compared with LPS-stimulated DCs from young rats, those from sex-matched aged rats were more potent in stimulating IL-10 production in MLR, whereas capacity of DCs from aged female and male rats to stimulate IL-17 production remained unaltered and decreased, respectively. This reflected age-related shift in IL-6/TGF-β production level ratio in LPS-stimulated DC cultures towards TGF-β, and sex-specific age-related remodeling CD4+ cell cytokine pathways. Additionally, compared with LPS-stimulated DCs from young rats, those cells from sex-matched aged rats were less potent in stimulating IFN-γ production in MLR, the effect particularly prominent in MLRs encompassing male rat DCs. The study showed that stimulatory and polarizing capacity of DCs depends on rat sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorica Stojić-Vukanić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Ivan Pilipović
- Immunology Research Centre "Branislav Janković", Institute of Virology, Vaccines and Sera "Torlak", 458 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bufan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Marija Stojanović
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia
| | - Gordana Leposavić
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, Belgrade, 11221, Serbia.
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Vojtech L, Zhang M, Davé V, Levy C, Hughes SM, Wang R, Calienes F, Prlic M, Nance E, Hladik F. Extracellular vesicles in human semen modulate antigen-presenting cell function and decrease downstream antiviral T cell responses. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223901. [PMID: 31622420 PMCID: PMC6797208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human semen contains trillions of extracellular vesicles (SEV) similar in size to sexually transmitted viruses and loaded with potentially bioactive miRNAs, proteins and lipids. SEV were shown to inhibit HIV and Zika virus infectivity, but whether SEV are able also to affect subsequent immune responses is unknown. We found that SEV efficiently bound to and entered antigen-presenting cells (APC) and thus we set out to further dissect the impact of SEV on APC function and the impact on downstream T cell responses. In an APC–T cell co-culture system, SEV exposure to APC alone markedly reduced antigen-specific cytokine production, degranulation and cytotoxicity by antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells. In contrast, inhibition of CD4+ T cell responses required both APC and T cell exposure to SEV. Surprisingly, SEV did not alter MHC or co-stimulatory receptor expression on APCs, but caused APCs to upregulate indoleamine 2,3 deoxygenase, an enzyme known to indirectly inhibit T cells. Thus, SEV reduce the ability of APCs to activate T cells. We propose here that these immune-inhibitory properties of SEV may be intended to prevent immune responses against semen-derived antigens, but can be hi-jacked by genitally acquired viral infections to compromise adaptive cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Vojtech
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LV); (FH)
| | - Mengying Zhang
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Veronica Davé
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Claire Levy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Hughes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ruofan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Fernanda Calienes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Martin Prlic
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Nance
- Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Florian Hladik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LV); (FH)
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Saroz Y, Kho DT, Glass M, Graham ES, Grimsey NL. Cannabinoid Receptor 2 (CB 2) Signals via G-alpha-s and Induces IL-6 and IL-10 Cytokine Secretion in Human Primary Leukocytes. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:414-428. [PMID: 32259074 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) is a promising therapeutic target for immunological modulation. There is, however, a deficit of knowledge regarding CB2 signaling and function in human primary immunocompetent cells. We applied an experimental paradigm which closely models the in situ state of human primary leukocytes (PBMC; peripheral blood mononuclear cells) to characterize activation of a number of signaling pathways in response to a CB2-selective ligand (HU308). We observed a "lag" phase of unchanged cAMP concentration prior to development of classically expected Gαi-mediated inhibition of cAMP synthesis. Application of G protein inhibitors revealed that this apparent lag was a result of counteraction of Gαi effects by concurrent Gαs activation. Monitoring downstream signaling events showed that activation of p38 was mediated by Gαi, whereas ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation were mediated by Gαi-coupled βγ. Activation of CREB integrated multiple components; Gαs and βγ mediated ∼85% of the response, while ∼15% was attributed to Gαi. Responses to HU308 had an important functional outcome-secretion of interleukins 6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10). IL-2, IL-4, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17A, MIP-1α, and TNF-α were unaffected. IL-6/IL-10 induction had a similar G protein coupling profile to CREB activation. All response potencies were consistent with that expected for HU308 acting via CB2. Additionally, signaling and functional effects were completely blocked by a CB2-selective inverse agonist, giving additional evidence for CB2 involvement. This work expands the current paradigm regarding cannabinoid immunomodulation and reinforces the potential utility of CB2 ligands as immunomodulatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurii Saroz
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Dan T Kho
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Michelle Glass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Euan Scott Graham
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
| | - Natasha Lillia Grimsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, and Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Auckland, 1023, New Zealand
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Clark SE, Burrack KS, Jameson SC, Hamilton SE, Lenz LL. NK Cell IL-10 Production Requires IL-15 and IL-10 Driven STAT3 Activation. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2087. [PMID: 31552035 PMCID: PMC6736993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells can produce IFNγ or IL-10 to regulate inflammation and immune responses but the factors driving NK cell IL-10 secretion are poorly-defined. Here, we identified NK cell-intrinsic STAT3 activation as vital for IL-10 production during both systemic Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection and following IL-15 cytokine/receptor complex (IL15C) treatment for experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). In both contexts, conditional Stat3 deficiency in NK cells abrogated production of IL-10. Initial NK cell STAT3 phosphorylation was driven by IL-15. During Lm infection, this required capture or presentation of IL-15 by NK cell IL-15Rα. Persistent STAT3 activation was required to drive measurable IL-10 secretion and required NK cell expression of IL-10Rα. Survival-promoting effects of IL-15C treatment in ECM were dependent on NK cell Stat3 while NK cell-intrinsic deficiency for Stat3, Il15ra, or Il10ra abrogated NK cell IL-10 production and increased resistance against Lm. NK cell Stat3 deficiency did not impact production of IFNγ, indicating the STAT3 activation initiated by IL-15 and amplified by IL-10 selectively drives the production of anti-inflammatory IL-10 by responding NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Clark
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Kristina S Burrack
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Stephen C Jameson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Sara E Hamilton
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Laurel L Lenz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
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