1
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Geiger KM, Manoharan M, Coombs R, Arana K, Park CS, Lee AY, Shastri N, Robey EA, Coscoy L. Murine cytomegalovirus downregulates ERAAP and induces an unconventional T cell response to self. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112317. [PMID: 36995940 PMCID: PMC10539480 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase associated with antigen processing (ERAAP) plays a crucial role in shaping the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I repertoire and maintaining immune surveillance. While murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) has multiple strategies for manipulating the antigen processing pathway to evade immune responses, the host has also developed ways to counter viral immune evasion. In this study, we find that MCMV modulates ERAAP and induces an interferon γ (IFN-γ)-producing CD8+ T cell effector response that targets uninfected ERAAP-deficient cells. We observe that ERAAP downregulation during infection leads to the presentation of the self-peptide FL9 on non-classical Qa-1b, thereby eliciting Qa-1b-restricted QFL T cells to proliferate in the liver and spleen of infected mice. QFL T cells upregulate effector markers upon MCMV infection and are sufficient to reduce viral load after transfer to immunodeficient mice. Our study highlights the consequences of ERAAP dysfunction during viral infection and provides potential targets for anti-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Geiger
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michael Manoharan
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Rachel Coombs
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kathya Arana
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Chan-Su Park
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Angus Y Lee
- Cancer Research Lab, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Nilabh Shastri
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ellen A Robey
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Laurent Coscoy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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2
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Lee CC, Tsai CH, Chen CH, Yeh YC, Chung WH, Chen CB. An updated review of the immunological mechanisms of keloid scars. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117630. [PMID: 37033989 PMCID: PMC10075205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Keloid is a type of disfiguring pathological scarring unique to human skin. The disorder is characterized by excessive collagen deposition. Immune cell infiltration is a hallmark of both normal and pathological tissue repair. However, the immunopathological mechanisms of keloid remain unclear. Recent studies have uncovered the pivotal role of both innate and adaptive immunity in modulating the aberrant behavior of keloid fibroblasts. Several novel therapeutics attempting to restore regulation of the immune microenvironment have shown variable efficacy. We review the current understanding of keloid immunopathogenesis and highlight the potential roles of immune pathway-specific therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chun Lee
- 1 Department of Medical Education, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hung Chung
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Bing Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Drug Hypersensitivity Clinical and Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Cancer Vaccine and Immune Cell Therapy Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Immunology Consortium, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Xiamen Chang Gung Allergology Consortium, Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital, Xiamen, China
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
- Immune-Oncology Center of Excellence, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chun-Bing Chen, ;
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3
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Suryadevara N, Kumar A, Ye X, Rogers M, Williams JV, Wilson JT, Karijolich J, Joyce S. A molecular signature of lung-resident CD8 + T cells elicited by subunit vaccination. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19101. [PMID: 36351985 PMCID: PMC9645351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21620-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural infection as well as vaccination with live or attenuated viruses elicit tissue resident, CD8+ memory T cell (Trm) response. Trm cells so elicited act quickly upon reencounter with the priming agent to protect the host. These Trm cells express a unique molecular signature driven by the master regulators-Runx3 and Hobit. We previously reported that intranasal instillation of a subunit vaccine in a prime boost vaccination regimen installed quick-acting, CD8+ Trm cells in the lungs that protected against lethal vaccinia virus challenge. It remains unexplored whether CD8+ Trm responses so elicited are driven by a similar molecular signature as those elicited by microbes in a real infection or by live, attenuated pathogens in conventional vaccination. We found that distinct molecular signatures distinguished subunit vaccine-elicited lung interstitial CD8+ Trm cells from subunit vaccine-elicited CD8+ effector memory and splenic memory T cells. Nonetheless, the transcriptome signature of subunit vaccine elicited CD8+ Trm resembled those elicited by virus infection or vaccination. Clues to the basis of tissue residence and function of vaccine specific CD8+ Trm cells were found in transcripts that code for chemokines and chemokine receptors, purinergic receptors, and adhesins when compared to CD8+ effector and splenic memory T cells. Our findings inform the utility of protein-based subunit vaccination for installing CD8+ Trm cells in the lungs to protect against respiratory infectious diseases that plague humankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveenchandra Suryadevara
- grid.418356.d0000 0004 0478 7015Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Amrendra Kumar
- grid.418356.d0000 0004 0478 7015Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Center, Nashville, TN 37212 USA ,grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Xiang Ye
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Meredith Rogers
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - John V. Williams
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA ,grid.21925.3d0000 0004 1936 9000Department of Paediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA ,Institute for Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation in Children (i4Kids), Pittsburgh, PA 15224 USA
| | - John T. Wilson
- grid.152326.10000 0001 2264 7217Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212 USA
| | - John Karijolich
- grid.412807.80000 0004 1936 9916Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232 USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare Center, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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4
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Giles JR, Ngiow SF, Manne S, Baxter AE, Khan O, Wang P, Staupe R, Abdel-Hakeem MS, Huang H, Mathew D, Painter MM, Wu JE, Huang YJ, Goel RR, Yan PK, Karakousis GC, Xu X, Mitchell TC, Huang AC, Wherry EJ. Shared and distinct biological circuits in effector, memory and exhausted CD8 + T cells revealed by temporal single-cell transcriptomics and epigenetics. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1600-1613. [PMID: 36271148 PMCID: PMC10408358 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Naïve CD8+ T cells can differentiate into effector (Teff), memory (Tmem) or exhausted (Tex) T cells. These developmental pathways are associated with distinct transcriptional and epigenetic changes that endow cells with different functional capacities and therefore therapeutic potential. The molecular circuitry underlying these developmental trajectories and the extent of heterogeneity within Teff, Tmem and Tex populations remain poorly understood. Here, we used the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus model of acute-resolving and chronic infection to address these gaps by applying longitudinal single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) analyses. These analyses uncovered new subsets, including a subpopulation of Tex cells expressing natural killer cell-associated genes that is dependent on the transcription factor Zeb2, as well as multiple distinct TCF-1+ stem/progenitor-like subsets in acute and chronic infection. These data also revealed insights into the reshaping of Tex subsets following programmed death 1 (PD-1) pathway blockade and identified a key role for the cell stress regulator, Btg1, in establishing the Tex population. Finally, these results highlighted how the same biological circuits such as cytotoxicity or stem/progenitor pathways can be used by CD8+ T cell subsets with highly divergent underlying chromatin landscapes generated during different infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine R Giles
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amy E Baxter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Omar Khan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan Staupe
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Infectious Disease & Vaccines, MRL, Merck & Co. Inc., West Point, PA, USA
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Hakeem
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark M Painter
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Wu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yinghui Jane Huang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rishi R Goel
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick K Yan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Immunology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tara C Mitchell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander C Huang
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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5
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Ren J, Jo Y, Picton LK, Su LL, Raulet DH, Garcia KC. Induced CD45 Proximity Potentiates Natural Killer Cell Receptor Antagonism. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:3426-3439. [PMID: 36169352 PMCID: PMC9594326 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a major subset of innate immune cells that are essential for host defense against pathogens and cancer. Two main classes of inhibitory NK receptors (NKR), KIR and CD94/NKG2A, play a key role in suppressing NK activity upon engagement with tumor cells or virus-infected cells, limiting their antitumor and antiviral activities. Here, we find that single-chain NKR antagonists linked to a VHH that binds the cell surface phosphatase CD45 potentiate NK and T activities to a greater extent than NKR blocking antibodies alone in vitro. We also uncovered crosstalk between NKG2A and Ly49 that collectively inhibit NK cell activation, such that CD45-NKG2A and CD45-Ly49 bispecific molecules show synergistic effects in their ability to enhance NK cell activation. The basis of the activity enhancement by CD45 ligation may reflect greater antagonism of inhibitory signaling from engagement of MHC I on target cells, combined with other mechanisms, including avidity effects, tonic signaling, antagonism of weak inhibition from engagement of MHC I on non-target cells, and possible CD45 segregation within the NK cell-target cell synapse. These results uncover a strategy for enhancing the activity of NK and T cells that may improve cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Ren
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States,Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yeara Jo
- Division
of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and
Cell Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Lora K. Picton
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States,Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Leon L. Su
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States,Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - David H. Raulet
- Division
of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Molecular and
Cell Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - K. Christopher Garcia
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States,Howard
Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University
School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, United States,
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6
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Borys SM, Bag AK, Brossay L, Adeegbe DO. The Yin and Yang of Targeting KLRG1 + Tregs and Effector Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:894508. [PMID: 35572605 PMCID: PMC9098823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.894508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature surrounding KLRG1 has primarily focused on NK and CD8+ T cells. However, there is evidence that the most suppressive Tregs express KLRG1. Until now, the role of KLRG1 on Tregs has been mostly overlooked and remains to be elucidated. Here we review the current literature on KLRG1 with an emphasis on the KLRG1+ Treg subset role during cancer development and autoimmunity. KLRG1 has been recently proposed as a new checkpoint inhibitor target, but these studies focused on the effects of KLRG1 blockade on effector cells. We propose that when designing anti-tumor therapies targeting KLRG1, the effects on both effector cells and Tregs will have to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Borys
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Arup K Bag
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Laurent Brossay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Dennis O Adeegbe
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
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7
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Chen X, Lin Y, Yue S, Yang Y, Wang X, Pan Z, Yang X, Gao L, Zhou J, Li Z, Hu L, Tang J, Wu Q, Wang Y, Tian Q, Hao Y, Xu L, Zhu B, Huang Q, Ye L. Differential expression of inhibitory receptor NKG2A distinguishes disease-specific exhausted CD8 + T cells. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e111. [PMID: 35281793 PMCID: PMC8906559 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhausted CD8+ T (Tex) cells are caused by persistent antigenic stimulation during chronic viral infection or tumorigenesis. Tex cells upregulate and sustain the expressions of multiple immune inhibitory receptors (IRs). Blocking IRs of Tex cells, exemplified by PD-1, can partially restore their effector functions and thus lead to viral suppression or tumor remission. Tex cells derived from chronic viral infections share the expression spectrum of IRs with Tex cells derived from tumors; however, whether any IRs are selectively expressed by tumor-derived Tex cells or virus-derived Tex cells remains to be learnt. In the study, we found that Tex cells upregulate IR natural killer cell lectin-like receptor isoform A (NKG2A) specifically in the context of tumor but not chronic viral infection. Moreover, the NKG2A expression is attributed to tumor antigen recognition and thus bias expressed by tumor-specific Tex cells in the tumor microenvironment instead of their counterparts in the periphery. Such dichotomous NKG2A expression further dictates the differential responsiveness of Tex cells to NKG2A immune checkpoint blockade. Therefore, our study highlighted NKG2A as a disease-dependent IR and provided novel insights into the distinct regulatory mechanisms underlying T cell exhaustion between tumor and chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yao Lin
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shuai Yue
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhiwei Pan
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Dermatology HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Leiqiong Gao
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhirong Li
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Li Hu
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jianfang Tang
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qing Wu
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qin Tian
- Dermatology HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yaxing Hao
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lifan Xu
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qizhao Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lilin Ye
- School of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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8
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Good CR, Aznar MA, Kuramitsu S, Samareh P, Agarwal S, Donahue G, Ishiyama K, Wellhausen N, Rennels AK, Ma Y, Tian L, Guedan S, Alexander KA, Zhang Z, Rommel PC, Singh N, Glastad KM, Richardson MW, Watanabe K, Tanyi JL, O'Hara MH, Ruella M, Lacey SF, Moon EK, Schuster SJ, Albelda SM, Lanier LL, Young RM, Berger SL, June CH. An NK-like CAR T cell transition in CAR T cell dysfunction. Cell 2021; 184:6081-6100.e26. [PMID: 34861191 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has achieved remarkable success in hematological malignancies but remains ineffective in solid tumors, due in part to CAR T cell exhaustion in the solid tumor microenvironment. To study dysfunction of mesothelin-redirected CAR T cells in pancreatic cancer, we establish a robust model of continuous antigen exposure that recapitulates hallmark features of T cell exhaustion and discover, both in vitro and in CAR T cell patients, that CAR dysregulation is associated with a CD8+ T-to-NK-like T cell transition. Furthermore, we identify a gene signature defining CAR and TCR dysregulation and transcription factors, including SOX4 and ID3 as key regulators of CAR T cell exhaustion. Our findings shed light on the plasticity of human CAR T cells and demonstrate that genetic downmodulation of ID3 and SOX4 expression can improve the efficacy of CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors by preventing or delaying CAR T cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charly R Good
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - M Angela Aznar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shunichiro Kuramitsu
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Parisa Samareh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sangya Agarwal
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Greg Donahue
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenichi Ishiyama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Nils Wellhausen
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Austin K Rennels
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yujie Ma
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sonia Guedan
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Katherine A Alexander
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Philipp C Rommel
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nathan Singh
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Karl M Glastad
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Max W Richardson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keisuke Watanabe
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Janos L Tanyi
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark H O'Hara
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marco Ruella
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Simon F Lacey
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edmund K Moon
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephen J Schuster
- Lymphoma Program, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven M Albelda
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
| | - Regina M Young
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Shelley L Berger
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Penn Institute of Epigenetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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9
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Sottile R, Panjwani MK, Lau CM, Daniyan AF, Tanaka K, Barker JN, Brentjens RJ, Sun JC, Le Luduec JB, Hsu KC. Human cytomegalovirus expands a CD8 + T cell population with loss of BCL11B expression and gain of NK cell identity. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabe6968. [PMID: 34559552 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe6968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Sottile
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Kazim Panjwani
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Colleen M Lau
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony F Daniyan
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kento Tanaka
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juliet N Barker
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renier J Brentjens
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph C Sun
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jean-Benoît Le Luduec
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katharine C Hsu
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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10
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Shytikov D, Rohila D, Li D, Wang P, Jiang M, Zhang M, Xu Q, Lu L. Functional Characterization of Ly49 +CD8 T-Cells in Both Normal Condition and During Anti-Viral Response. Front Immunol 2021; 11:602783. [PMID: 33488602 PMCID: PMC7817614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.602783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Ly49+CD8 T-cells in the immune system is not clear. Previously, several papers suggested Ly49+CD8 T-cells as immunosuppressors, while multiple studies also suggested their role as potent participants of the immune response. The mechanism of Ly49 expression on CD8 T-cells is also not clear. We investigated phenotype, functions, and regulation of Ly49 expression on murine CD8 T-cells in both normal state and during LCMV infection. CD8 T-cells express different Ly49 receptors compared with NK-cells. In intact mice, Ly49+CD8 T-cells have a phenotype similar to resting central memory CD8 T-cells and do not show impaired proliferation and cytokine production. Conventional CD8 T-cells upregulate Ly49 receptors during TCR-induced stimulation, and IL-2, as well as IL-15, affect it. At the same time, Ly49+CD8 T-cells change the Ly49 expression profile dramatically upon re-stimulation downregulating inhibitory and upregulating activating Ly49 receptors. We observed the expression of Ly49 receptors on the virus-specific CD8 T-cells during LCMV infection, especially marked in the early stages, and participation of Ly49+CD8 T-cells in the anti-viral response. Thus, CD8 T-cells acquire Ly49 receptors during the T-cell activation and show dynamic regulation of Ly49 receptors during stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro Shytikov
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Deepak Rohila
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Li
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingxu Zhang
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Xu
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linrong Lu
- Institute of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, China
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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11
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van der Gracht ETI, Beyrend G, Abdelaal T, Pardieck IN, Wesselink TH, van Haften FJ, van Duikeren S, Koning F, Arens R. Memory CD8 + T cell heterogeneity is primarily driven by pathogen-specific cues and additionally shaped by the tissue environment. iScience 2020; 24:101954. [PMID: 33458613 PMCID: PMC7797528 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors that govern the complex formation of memory T cells are not completely understood. A better understanding of the development of memory T cell heterogeneity is however required to enhance vaccination and immunotherapy approaches. Here we examined the impact of pathogen- and tissue-specific cues on memory CD8+ T cell heterogeneity using high-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry and a tailored bioinformatics pipeline. We identified distinct populations of pathogen-specific CD8+ T cells that uniquely connected to a specific pathogen or associated to multiple types of acute and persistent infections. In addition, the tissue environment shaped the memory CD8+ T cell heterogeneity, albeit to a lesser extent than infection. The programming of memory CD8+ T cell differentiation during acute infection is eventually superseded by persistent infection. Thus, the plethora of distinct memory CD8+ T cell subsets that arise upon infection is dominantly sculpted by the pathogen-specific cues and further shaped by the tissue environment. Heterogeneous subsets of both circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells exist Memory CD8+ T cell heterogeneity is profoundly sculpted by pathogen-specific cues Memory CD8+ T cell heterogeneity is additionally shaped by the tissue environment Viral persistance supersedes memory CD8+ T cell differentiation after acute infection
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Beyrend
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Tamim Abdelaal
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Delft 2628XE, the Netherlands.,Leiden Computational Biology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Iris N Pardieck
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas H Wesselink
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Floortje J van Haften
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Duikeren
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Frits Koning
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Ramon Arens
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZA, the Netherlands
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12
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Steele NG, Carpenter ES, Kemp SB, Sirihorachai VR, The S, Delrosario L, Lazarus J, Amir EAD, Gunchick V, Espinoza C, Bell S, Harris L, Lima F, Irizarry-Negron V, Paglia D, Macchia J, Chu AKY, Schofield H, Wamsteker EJ, Kwon R, Schulman A, Prabhu A, Law R, Sondhi A, Yu J, Patel A, Donahue K, Nathan H, Cho C, Anderson MA, Sahai V, Lyssiotis CA, Zou W, Allen BL, Rao A, Crawford HC, Bednar F, Frankel TL, Pasca di Magliano M. Multimodal Mapping of the Tumor and Peripheral Blood Immune Landscape in Human Pancreatic Cancer. NATURE CANCER 2020; 1:1097-1112. [PMID: 34296197 PMCID: PMC8294470 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-020-00121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is characterized by an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment that renders it largely refractory to immunotherapy. We implemented a multimodal analysis approach to elucidate the immune landscape in PDA. Using a combination of CyTOF, single-cell RNA sequencing, and multiplex immunohistochemistry on patient tumors, matched blood, and non-malignant samples, we uncovered a complex network of immune-suppressive cellular interactions. These experiments revealed heterogeneous expression of immune checkpoint receptors in individual patient's T cells and increased markers of CD8+ T cell dysfunction in advanced disease stage. Tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells had an increased proportion of cells expressing an exhausted expression profile that included upregulation of the immune checkpoint TIGIT, a finding that we validated at the protein level. Our findings point to a profound alteration of the immune landscape of tumors, and to patient-specific immune changes that should be taken into account as combination immunotherapy becomes available for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina G Steele
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eileen S Carpenter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samantha B Kemp
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Stephanie The
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Jenny Lazarus
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Valerie Gunchick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carlos Espinoza
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Samantha Bell
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lindsey Harris
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fatima Lima
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Daniel Paglia
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Justin Macchia
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angel Ka Yan Chu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Erik-Jan Wamsteker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Allison Schulman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anoop Prabhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ryan Law
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arjun Sondhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jessica Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arpan Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Katelyn Donahue
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hari Nathan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Clifford Cho
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michelle A Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vaibhav Sahai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Weiping Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin L Allen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Arvind Rao
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Michigan Institute of Data Science (MIDAS), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Howard C Crawford
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Filip Bednar
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - Marina Pasca di Magliano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Molecular and Cellular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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13
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Anderson CK, Reilly EC, Lee AY, Brossay L. Qa-1-Restricted CD8 + T Cells Can Compensate for the Absence of Conventional T Cells during Viral Infection. Cell Rep 2020; 27:537-548.e5. [PMID: 30970256 PMCID: PMC6472915 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of non-classical T cells during viral infection remains poorly understood. Using the well-established murine model of CMV infection (MCMV) and mice deficient in MHC class Ia molecules, we found that non-classical CD8+ T cells robustly expand after MCMV challenge, become highly activated effectors, and are capable of forming durable memory. Interestingly, although these cells are restricted by MHC class Ib molecules, they respond similarly to conventional T cells. Remarkably, when acting as the sole component of the adaptive immune response, non-classical CD8+ T cells are sufficient to protect against MCMV-induced lethality. We also demonstrate that the MHC class Ib molecule Qa-1 (encoded by H2-T23) restricts a large, and critical, portion of this population. These findings reveal a potential adaptation of the host immune response to compensate for viral evasion of classical T cell immunity. Anderson et al. describe a heterogenous population of non-classical CD8+ T cells responding to MCMV. Importantly, this population can protect mice from MCMV-induced lethality in the absence of other adaptive immune cells. Among the MHC class Ib-restricted CD8+ T cells responding, Qa-1-specific cells are required for protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney K Anderson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Emma C Reilly
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Angus Y Lee
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94702, USA
| | - Laurent Brossay
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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14
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Kahan SM, Zajac AJ. Immune Exhaustion: Past Lessons and New Insights from Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus. Viruses 2019; 11:E156. [PMID: 30781904 PMCID: PMC6410286 DOI: 10.3390/v11020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a paradigm-forming experimental system with a remarkable track record of contributing to the discovery of many of the fundamental concepts of modern immunology. The ability of LCMV to establish a chronic infection in immunocompetent adult mice was instrumental for identifying T cell exhaustion and this system has been invaluable for uncovering the complexity, regulators, and consequences of this state. These findings have been directly relevant for understanding why ineffective T cell responses commonly arise during many chronic infections including HIV and HCV, as well as during tumor outgrowth. The principal feature of exhausted T cells is the inability to elaborate the array of effector functions necessary to contain the underlying infection or tumor. Using LCMV to determine how to prevent and reverse T cell exhaustion has highlighted the potential of checkpoint blockade therapies, most notably PD-1 inhibition strategies, for improving cellular immunity under conditions of antigen persistence. Here, we discuss the discovery, properties, and regulators of exhausted T cells and highlight how LCMV has been at the forefront of advancing our understanding of these ineffective responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Kahan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Allan J Zajac
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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15
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André P, Denis C, Soulas C, Bourbon-Caillet C, Lopez J, Arnoux T, Bléry M, Bonnafous C, Gauthier L, Morel A, Rossi B, Remark R, Breso V, Bonnet E, Habif G, Guia S, Lalanne AI, Hoffmann C, Lantz O, Fayette J, Boyer-Chammard A, Zerbib R, Dodion P, Ghadially H, Jure-Kunkel M, Morel Y, Herbst R, Narni-Mancinelli E, Cohen RB, Vivier E. Anti-NKG2A mAb Is a Checkpoint Inhibitor that Promotes Anti-tumor Immunity by Unleashing Both T and NK Cells. Cell 2018; 175:1731-1743.e13. [PMID: 30503213 PMCID: PMC6292840 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 740] [Impact Index Per Article: 123.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Checkpoint inhibitors have revolutionized cancer treatment. However, only a minority of patients respond to these immunotherapies. Here, we report that blocking the inhibitory NKG2A receptor enhances tumor immunity by promoting both natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T cell effector functions in mice and humans. Monalizumab, a humanized anti-NKG2A antibody, enhanced NK cell activity against various tumor cells and rescued CD8+ T cell function in combination with PD-x axis blockade. Monalizumab also stimulated NK cell activity against antibody-coated target cells. Interim results of a phase II trial of monalizumab plus cetuximab in previously treated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck showed a 31% objective response rate. Most common adverse events were fatigue (17%), pyrexia (13%), and headache (10%). NKG2A targeting with monalizumab is thus a novel checkpoint inhibitory mechanism promoting anti-tumor immunity by enhancing the activity of both T and NK cells, which may complement first-generation immunotherapies against cancer. Blocking NKG2A unleashes both T and NK cell effector functions Combined blocking of the NKG2A and the PD-1 axis promotes anti-tumor immunity Blocking NKG2A and triggering CD16 illustrates the efficacy of dual checkpoint therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale André
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Caroline Denis
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Soulas
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | | | - Julie Lopez
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Arnoux
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Mathieu Bléry
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Ariane Morel
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Rossi
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Romain Remark
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Violette Breso
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Elodie Bonnet
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Guillaume Habif
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Guia
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ana Ines Lalanne
- Unité INSERM U932, Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Caroline Hoffmann
- Unité INSERM U932, Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France; Service ORL et Chirurgie cervico-faciale, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- Unité INSERM U932, Immunité et Cancer, Institut Curie, 75248 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | | | | | - Robert Zerbib
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Dodion
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Hormas Ghadially
- MedImmune, Ltd., Aaron Klug Building, Granta Park, Cambridge, CB21 6GH, UK
| | | | - Yannis Morel
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Ronald Herbst
- MedImmune, LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Emilie Narni-Mancinelli
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Roger B Cohen
- Abramson Cancer Center, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard West Pavilion, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma, 117 Avenue de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France; Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France; Service d'Immunologie, Marseille Immunopole, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 Marseille, France.
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16
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Rai PK, Chodisetti SB, Maurya SK, Nadeem S, Zeng W, Janmeja AK, Jackson DC, Agrewala JN. A lipidated bi-epitope vaccine comprising of MHC-I and MHC-II binder peptides elicits protective CD4 T cell and CD8 T cell immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Transl Med 2018; 16:279. [PMID: 30305097 PMCID: PMC6180631 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1653-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical trials conducted at Chingleput India suggest that BCG fails to protect against tuberculosis (TB) in TB-endemic population. Recent studies advocate that non-tuberculous mycobacteria and latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection interferes in the antigen processing and presentation of BCG in inducing protective immunity against Mtb. Thereby, indicating that any vaccine that require extensive antigen processing may not be efficacious in TB-endemic zones. Recently, we have demonstrated that the vaccine candidate L91, which is composed of lipidated promiscuous MHC-II binder epitope, derived from latency associated Acr1 antigen of Mtb is immunogenic in the murine and Guinea pig models of TB and conferred better protection than BCG against Mtb. Methods In this study, we have used a multi-stage based bi-epitope vaccine, namely L4.8, comprising of MHC-I and MHC-II binding peptides of active (TB10.4) and latent (Acr1) stages of Mtb antigens, respectively. These peptides were conjugated to the TLR-2 agonist Pam2Cys. Results L4.8 significantly elicited both CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells immunity, as evidenced by increase in the enduring polyfunctional CD8 T cells and CD4 T cells. L4.8 efficiently declined Mtb-burden and protected animals better than BCG and L91, even at the late stage of Mtb infection. Conclusions The BCG-L4.8 prime boost strategy imparts a better protection against TB than the BCG alone. This study emphatically denotes that L4.8 can be a promising future vaccine candidate for controlling active and latent TB. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1653-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep K Rai
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | | | - Sajid Nadeem
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Ashok K Janmeja
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India. .,Indian Institute of Technology, Rupnagar, 140001, India.
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17
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Zhang X, Lu X, Moog C, Yuan L, Liu Z, Li Z, Xia W, Zhou Y, Wu H, Zhang T, Su B. KIR3DL1-Negative CD8 T Cells and KIR3DL1-Negative Natural Killer Cells Contribute to the Advantageous Control of Early Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection in HLA-B Bw4 Homozygous Individuals. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1855. [PMID: 30147699 PMCID: PMC6096002 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bw4 homozygosity in human leukocyte antigen class B alleles has been associated with a delayed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) development and better control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral load (VL) than Bw6 homozygosity. Efficient CD8 T cell and natural killer (NK) cell functions have been described to restrain HIV-1 replication. However, the role of KIR3DL1 expression on these cells was not assessed in Bw4-homozygous participants infected with HIV-1 CRF01_A/E subtype, currently the most prevalent subtype in China. Here, we found that the frequency of KIR3DL1-expressing CD8 T cells of individuals homozygous for Bw6 [1.53% (0–4.56%)] was associated with a higher VL set point (Spearman rs = 0.59, P = 0.019), but this frequency of KIR3DL1+CD8+ T cells [1.37% (0.04–6.14%)] was inversely correlated with CD4 T-cell count in individuals homozygous for Bw4 (rs = −0.59, P = 0.011). Moreover, CD69 and Ki67 were more frequently expressed in KIR3DL1−CD8+ T cells in individuals homozygous for Bw4 than Bw6 (P = 0.046 for CD69; P = 0.044 for Ki67), although these molecules were less frequently expressed in KIR3DL1+CD8+ T cells than in KIR3DL1−CD8+ T cells in both groups (all P < 0.05). KIR3DL1−CD8+ T cells have stronger p24-specific CD8+ T-cell responses secreting IFN-γ and CD107a than KIR3DL1+CD8+ T cells in both groups (all P < 0.05). Thus, KIR3DL1 expression on CD8 T cells were associated with the loss of multiple functions. Interestingly, CD69+NK cells lacking KIR3DL1 expression were inversely correlated with HIV-1 VL set point in Bw4-homozygous individuals (rs = −0.52, P = 0.035). Therefore, KIR3DL1−CD8+ T cells with strong early activation and proliferation may, together with KIR3DL1−CD69+NK cells, play a protective role during acute/early HIV infection in individuals homozygous for Bw4. These findings highlight the superior functions of KIR3DL1−CD8+ T cells and KIR3DL1−CD69+NK cells being a potential factor contributing to delayed disease progression in the early stages of HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofan Lu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Christiane Moog
- INSERM U1109, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire (FHU) OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Créteil, France
| | - Lin Yuan
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiying Liu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yuefang Zhou
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
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18
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Recombinant Listeria promotes tumor rejection by CD8 + T cell-dependent remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:8179-8184. [PMID: 30038013 PMCID: PMC6094133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801910115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Agents that remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME), prime functional tumor-specific T cells, and block inhibitory signaling pathways are essential components of effective immunotherapy. We are evaluating live-attenuated, double-deleted Listeria monocytogenes expressing tumor antigens (LADD-Ag) in the clinic. Here we show in numerous mouse models that while treatment with nonrecombinant LADD induced some changes in the TME, no antitumor efficacy was observed, even when combined with immune checkpoint blockade. In contrast, LADD-Ag promoted tumor rejection by priming tumor-specific KLRG1+PD1loCD62L- CD8+ T cells. These IFNγ-producing effector CD8+ T cells infiltrated the tumor and converted the tumor from an immunosuppressive to an inflamed microenvironment that was characterized by a decrease in regulatory T cells (Treg) levels, a proinflammatory cytokine milieu, and the shift of M2 macrophages to an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)+CD206- M1 phenotype. Remarkably, these LADD-Ag-induced tumor-specific T cells persisted for more than 2 months after primary tumor challenge and rapidly controlled secondary tumor challenge. Our results indicate that the striking antitumor efficacy observed in mice with LADD-based immunotherapy stems from TME remodeling which is a direct consequence of eliciting potent, systemic tumor-specific CD8+ T cells.
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19
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Attanasio J, Wherry EJ. Costimulatory and Coinhibitory Receptor Pathways in Infectious Disease. Immunity 2017; 44:1052-68. [PMID: 27192569 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Costimulatory and inhibitory receptors play a key role in regulating immune responses to infections. Recent translation of knowledge about inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 into the cancer clinic highlights the opportunities to manipulate these pathways to treat human disease. Studies in infectious disease have provided key insights into the specific roles of these pathways and the effects of their manipulation. Here, recent studies are discussed that have addressed how major inhibitory and costimulatory pathways play a role in regulating immune responses during acute and chronic infections. Mechanistic insights from studies of infectious disease provide opportunities to further expand our toolkit to treat cancer and chronic infections in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Attanasio
- Institute for Immunology and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology and Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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20
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Strickland N, Müller TL, Berkowitz N, Goliath R, Carrington MN, Wilkinson RJ, Burgers WA, Riou C. Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific Cells Using MHC Class II Tetramers Reveals Phenotypic Differences Related to HIV Infection and Tuberculosis Disease. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 199:ji1700849. [PMID: 28794233 PMCID: PMC5624500 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A major challenge for the development of an effective vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) is that the attributes of protective CD4+ T cell responses are still elusive for human TB. Infection with HIV type 1 is a major risk factor for TB, and a better understanding of HIV-induced alterations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells that leads to failed host resistance may provide insight into protective T cell immunity to TB. A total of 86 participants from a TB-endemic setting, either HIV-infected or uninfected and with latent or active TB (aTB), were screened using M.tuberculosis-specific MHC class II tetramers. We examined the phenotype as well as function of ex vivo M. tuberculosis-specific tetramer+CD4+ T cells using flow cytometry. The numbers of M. tuberculosis-specific tetramer+CD4+ T cells were relatively well maintained in HIV-infected persons with aTB, despite severe immunodeficiency. However, although HIV-uninfected persons with latent TB infection exhibited ex vivo M. tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells predominantly of a CXCR3+CCR6+CCR4- (Th1*) phenotype, aTB or HIV infection was associated with a contraction of this subset. Nevertheless, in individuals with aTB and/or HIV infection, circulating ex vivo M. tuberculosis-specific CD4+ T cells did not display defects in exhaustion or polyfunctionality compared with healthy HIV-uninfected individuals with latent TB infection. Collectively, these data suggest that increased susceptibility to TB disease could be related to a loss of circulating Th1* CD4+ T cells rather than major changes in the number or function of circulating CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Strickland
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracey L Müller
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Natacha Berkowitz
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rene Goliath
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mary N Carrington
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA 02139
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, W2 1PG London, United Kingdom; and
- The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 2AT London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Catherine Riou
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa;
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925 Cape Town, South Africa
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21
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Seyda M, Elkhal A, Quante M, Falk CS, Tullius SG. T Cells Going Innate. Trends Immunol 2016; 37:546-556. [PMID: 27402226 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell receptors (NKRs) play a crucial role in the homeostasis of antigen-experienced T cells. Indeed, prolonged antigen stimulation may induce changes in the receptor repertoire of T cells to a profile that features NKRs. Chronic antigen exposure, at the same time, has been shown to trigger the loss of costimulatory CD28 molecules with recently reported intensified antigen thresholds of antigen-experienced CD8(+) T cells. In transplantation, NKRs have been shown to assist allograft rejection in a CD28-independent fashion. We discuss here a role for CD28-negative T cells that have acquired the competency of the NKR machinery, potentially promoting allorecognition either through T cell receptor (TCR) crossreactivity or independently from TCR recognition. Collectively, NKRs can bring about innate-like T cells by providing alternative costimulatory pathways that gain relevance in chronic inflammation, potentially leading to resistance to CD28-targeting immunosuppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midas Seyda
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abdallah Elkhal
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Markus Quante
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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22
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CCR7 expression alters memory CD8 T-cell homeostasis by regulating occupancy in IL-7- and IL-15-dependent niches. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8278-83. [PMID: 27385825 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602899113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
C-C receptor 7 (CCR7) is important to allow T cells and dendritic cells to migrate toward CCL19- and CCL21-producing cells in the T-cell zone of the spleen and lymph nodes. The role of this chemokine receptor in regulating the homeostasis of effector and memory T cells during acute viral infection is poorly defined, however. In this study, we show that CCR7 expression alters memory CD8 T-cell homeostasis following lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection. Greater numbers of CCR7-deficient memory T cells were formed and maintained compared with CCR7-sufficient memory T cells, especially in the lung and bone marrow. The CCR7-deficient memory T cells also displayed enhanced rates of homeostatic turnover, which may stem from increased exposure to IL-15 as a consequence of reduced exposure to IL-7, because removal of IL-15, but not of IL-7, normalized the numbers of CCR7-sufficient and CCR7-deficient memory CD8 T cells. This result suggests that IL-15 is the predominant cytokine supporting augmentation of the CCR7(-/-) memory CD8 T-cell pool. Taken together, these data suggest that CCR7 biases memory CD8 T cells toward IL-7-dependent niches over IL-15-dependent niches, which provides insight into the homeostatic regulation of different memory T-cell subsets.
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23
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Kared H, Martelli S, Ng TP, Pender SLF, Larbi A. CD57 in human natural killer cells and T-lymphocytes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:441-52. [PMID: 26850637 PMCID: PMC11029668 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The CD57 antigen (alternatively HNK-1, LEU-7, or L2) is routinely used to identify terminally differentiated 'senescent' cells with reduced proliferative capacity and altered functional properties. In this article, we review current understanding of the attributes of CD57-expressing T-cells and NK cells in both health and disease and discuss how this marker can inform researchers about their likely functions in human blood and tissues in vivo. While CD57 expression on human lymphocytes indicates an inability to proliferate, these cells also display high cytotoxic potential, and CD57(pos) NK cells exhibit both memory-like features and potent effector functions. Accordingly, frequencies of CD57-expressing cells in blood and tissues have been correlated with clinical prognosis in chronic infections or various cancers and with human aging. Functional modulation of senescent CD57(pos) T-cells and mature CD57(pos) NK cells may therefore represent innovative strategies for protection against human immunological aging and/or various chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassen Kared
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Aging and Immunity Program, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #3 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Serena Martelli
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Aging and Immunity Program, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #3 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Tze Pin Ng
- Gerontological Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sylvia L F Pender
- Academic Unit of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Anis Larbi
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Aging and Immunity Program, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove #3 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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24
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The Inhibitory Receptor NKG2A Sustains Virus-Specific CD8⁺ T Cells in Response to a Lethal Poxvirus Infection. Immunity 2015; 43:1112-24. [PMID: 26680205 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CD8(+) T cells and NK cells protect from viral infections by killing virally infected cells and secreting interferon-γ. Several inhibitory receptors limit the magnitude and duration of these anti-viral responses. NKG2A, which is encoded by Klrc1, is a lectin-like inhibitory receptor that is expressed as a heterodimer with CD94 on NK cells and activated CD8(+) T cells. Previous studies on the impact of CD94/NKG2A heterodimers on anti-viral responses have yielded contrasting results and the in vivo function of NKG2A remains unclear. Here, we generated Klrc1(-/-) mice and found that NKG2A is selectively required for resistance to ectromelia virus (ECTV). NKG2A functions intrinsically within ECTV-specific CD8(+) T cells to limit excessive activation, prevent apoptosis, and preserve the specific CD8(+) T cell response. Thus, although inhibitory receptors often cause T cell exhaustion and viral spreading during chronic viral infections, NKG2A optimizes CD8(+) T cell responses during an acute poxvirus infection.
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25
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T cell exhaustion during persistent viral infections. Virology 2015; 479-480:180-93. [PMID: 25620767 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although robust and highly effective anti-viral T cells contribute to the clearance of many acute infections, viral persistence is associated with the development of functionally inferior, exhausted, T cell responses. Exhaustion develops in a step-wise and progressive manner, ranges in severity, and can culminate in the deletion of the anti-viral T cells. This disarming of the response is consequential as it compromises viral control and potentially serves to dampen immune-mediated damage. Exhausted T cells are unable to elaborate typical anti-viral effector functions. They are characterized by the sustained upregulation of inhibitory receptors and display a gene expression profile that distinguishes them from prototypic effector and memory T cell populations. In this review we discuss the properties of exhausted T cells; the virological and immunological conditions that favor their development; the cellular and molecular signals that sustain the exhausted state; and strategies for preventing and reversing exhaustion to favor viral control.
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26
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Yentur SP, Gurses C, Demirbilek V, Adin-Cinar S, Kuru U, Uysal S, Yapici Z, Yilmaz G, Cokar O, Onal E, Gökyigit A, Saruhan-Direskeneli G. A Decrease of Regulatory T Cells and Altered Expression of NK Receptors Are Observed in Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis. Viral Immunol 2014; 27:506-11. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2014.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sibel P. Yentur
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Candan Gurses
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Veysi Demirbilek
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Suzan Adin-Cinar
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Experimental and Medical Research, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umit Kuru
- Department of Pediatrics, Bayrampaşa Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serap Uysal
- Department of Pediatrics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Yapici
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülden Yilmaz
- Department of Microbiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Cokar
- Department of Neurology, Haseki Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emel Onal
- Department of Public Health, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysen Gökyigit
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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Pratheek BM, Nayak TK, Sahoo SS, Mohanty PK, Chattopadhyay S, Chakraborty NG, Chattopadhyay S. Mammalian non-classical major histocompatibility complex I and its receptors: Important contexts of gene, evolution, and immunity. INDIAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS 2014; 20:129-41. [PMID: 25400340 PMCID: PMC4228563 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6866.142855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary conserved, less-polymorphic, nonclassical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules: Qa-1 and its human homologue human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) along with HLA-F, G and H cross-talk with the T-cell receptors and also interact with natural killer T-cells and other lymphocytes. Moreover, these nonclassical MHC molecules are known to interact with CD94/NKG2 heterodimeric receptors to induce immune responses and immune regulations. This dual role of Qa-1/HLA-E in terms of innate and adaptive immunity makes them more interesting. This review highlights the new updates of the mammalian nonclassical MHC-I molecules in terms of their gene organization, evolutionary perspective and their role in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Pratheek
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Tapas K Nayak
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Subhransu S Sahoo
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Soma Chattopadhyay
- Infectious Disease Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Ntiya G Chakraborty
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, USA
| | - Subhasis Chattopadhyay
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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28
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van Esch EMG, van Poelgeest MIE, Kouwenberg S, Osse EM, Trimbos JBMZ, Fleuren GJ, Jordanova ES, van der Burg SH. Expression of coinhibitory receptors on T cells in the microenvironment of usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia is related to proinflammatory effector T cells and an increased recurrence-free survival. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:E95-106. [PMID: 25220367 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus-induced usual-type vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN) are infiltrated by immune cells but apparently not cleared. A potential explanation for this is an impaired T cell effector function by an immunesuppressive milieu, coinfiltrating regulatory T cells or the expression of coinhibitory molecules. Here, the role of these potential inhibitory mechanisms was evaluated by a detailed immunohistochemical analysis of T cell infiltration in the context of FoxP3, Tbet, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, programmed cell death 1, T cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (TIM3), natural killer cell lectin-like receptor A (NKG2A) and galectins-1, -3 and -9. Paraffin-embedded tissues of primary uVIN lesions (n=43), recurrent uVIN lesions (n=20), vulvar carcinoma (n=21) and healthy vulvar tissue (n=26) were studied. We show that the vulva constitutes an area intensely surveyed by CD8+, CD4+, Tbet+ and regulatory T cell populations, parts of which express the examined coinhibitory molecules. In uVIN especially, the number of regulatory T cells and TIM3+ T cells increased. The expression of the coinhibitory markers TIM3 and NKG2A probably reflected a higher degree of T cell activation as a dense infiltration with stromal CD8+TIM3+ T cells and CD3+NKG2A+ T cells was related to the absence of recurrences and/or a prolonged recurrence-free survival. A dense coinfiltrate with regulatory T cells was negatively associated with the time to recurrence, most dominantly when the stromal CD8+TIM3+ infiltration was limited. This notion was sustained in vulvar carcinoma's where the numbers of regulatory T cells progressively increased to outnumber coinfiltrating CD8+TIM3+ T cells and CD3+NKG2A+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith M G van Esch
- Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Kirkham CL, Carlyle JR. Complexity and Diversity of the NKR-P1:Clr (Klrb1:Clec2) Recognition Systems. Front Immunol 2014; 5:214. [PMID: 24917862 PMCID: PMC4041007 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The NKR-P1 receptors were identified as prototypical natural killer (NK) cell surface antigens and later shown to be conserved from rodents to humans on NK cells and subsets of T cells. C-type lectin-like in nature, they were originally shown to be capable of activating NK cell function and to recognize ligands on tumor cells. However, certain family members have subsequently been shown to be capable of inhibiting NK cell activity, and to recognize proteins encoded by a family of genetically linked C-type lectin-related ligands. Some of these ligands are expressed by normal, healthy cells, and modulated during transformation, infection, and cellular stress, while other ligands are upregulated during the immune response and during pathological circumstances. Here, we discuss historical and recent developments in NKR-P1 biology that demonstrate this NK receptor–ligand system to be far more complex and diverse than originally anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Kirkham
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto, ON , Canada
| | - James R Carlyle
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Sunnybrook Research Institute , Toronto, ON , Canada
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Shi L, Wang JM, Ren JP, Cheng YQ, Ying RS, Wu XY, Lin SM, Griffin JWD, Li GY, Moorman JP, Yao ZQ. KLRG1 impairs CD4+ T cell responses via p16ink4a and p27kip1 pathways: role in hepatitis B vaccine failure in individuals with hepatitis C virus infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 192:649-57. [PMID: 24337749 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coinfection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is quite common, leading to an increase in morbidity and mortality. As such, HBV vaccination is recommended in HCV-infected individuals. However, HBV vaccine responses in HCV-infected individuals are often blunted compared with uninfected populations. The mechanism for this failure of vaccine response in HCV-infected subjects remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression and function of an inhibitory receptor, killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1 (KLRG1), in the regulation of CD4(+) T cells and HBV vaccine responses during HCV infection. We demonstrated that KLRG1 was overexpressed on CD4(+) T cells from HCV-infected, HBV vaccine nonresponders compared with HBV vaccine responders. The capacity of CD4(+) T cells to proliferate and secrete IL-2 cytokine was inversely associated with the level of KLRG1 expression. Importantly, blocking KLRG1 signaling resulted in a significant improvement in CD4(+) T cell proliferation and IL-2 production in HCV-infected, HBV vaccine nonresponders in response to TCR stimulation. Moreover, blockade of KLRG1 increased the phosphorylation of Akt (Ser(473)) and decreased the expression of cell cycle inhibitors p16(ink4a) and p27(kip1), which subsequently enhanced the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and cyclin E. These results suggest that the KLRG1 pathway impairs CD4(+) T cell responses to neoantigen and induces a state of immune senescence in individuals with HCV infection, raising the possibility that blocking this negative-signaling pathway might improve HBV vaccine responses in the setting of chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614
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KLRG1 negatively regulates natural killer cell functions through the Akt pathway in individuals with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol 2013; 87:11626-36. [PMID: 23966413 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01515-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate that killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1 (KLRG1), a transmembrane protein preferentially expressed on T cells, is highly expressed on CD56(+) NK cells, which are significantly reduced in their numbers and functions in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection compared to subjects without infection. KLRG1 expression is also upregulated on healthy NK cells exposed to Huh-7 hepatocytes infected with HCV in vitro. Importantly, the expression levels of KLRG1 are inversely associated with the capacity of NK cells to proliferate and to produce gamma interferon (IFN-γ) but positively associated with apoptosis of NK cells in response to inflammatory cytokine stimulation. KLRG1(+) NK cells, including CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) subsets, exhibit impaired cell activation and IFN-γ production but increased apoptosis compared to KLRG1(-) NK cells, particularly in HCV-infected individuals. Importantly, blockade of KLRG1 signaling significantly recovered the impaired IFN-γ production by NK cells from HCV-infected subjects. Blockade of KLRG1 also enhanced the impaired phosphorylation of Akt (Ser473) in NK cells from HCV-infected subjects. Taken together, these results indicate that KLRG1 negatively regulates NK cell numbers and functions via the Akt pathway, thus providing a novel marker and therapeutic target for HCV infection.
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Intratumoral treatment of smaller mouse neuroblastoma tumors with a recombinant protein consisting of IL-2 linked to the hu14.18 antibody increases intratumoral CD8+ T and NK cells and improves survival. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2013; 62:1303-13. [PMID: 23661160 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-013-1430-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hu14.18-IL2 is an immunocytokine (IC) consisting of human IL-2 linked to hu14.18 mAb, which recognizes GD2 disialoganglioside. Phase II clinical trials of intravenous-hu14.18-IL2 (IV-IC) in neuroblastoma and melanoma are underway, and have already demonstrated activity in neuroblastoma. In our Phase II trial, lower neuroblastoma burden at the time of treatment was associated with a greater likelihood of clinical response to IV-IC. We have previously shown that intratumoral-hu14.18-IL2 (IT-IC) compared to IV-IC results in enhanced local and systemic antitumor activity in tumor-bearing mice. We utilized a mouse model to investigate the impact of tumor burden on hu14.18-IL2 treatment efficacy in IV- versus IT-treated animals. Studies presented here describe the analyses of tumor burden at the initiation of treatment and its effects on treatment efficacy, survival, and tumor-infiltrating leukocytes in A/J mice bearing subcutaneous NXS2 neuroblastoma. We show that smaller tumor burden at treatment initiation is associated with increased infiltration of NK and CD8+ T cells and increased overall survival. NXS2 tumor shrinkage shortly after completion of the 3 days of hu14.18-IL2 treatment is necessary for long-term survival. This model demonstrates that tumor size is a strong predictor of hu14.18-IL2-induced lymphocyte infiltration and treatment outcome.
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Chu T, Tyznik AJ, Roepke S, Berkley AM, Woodward-Davis A, Pattacini L, Bevan MJ, Zehn D, Prlic M. Bystander-activated memory CD8 T cells control early pathogen load in an innate-like, NKG2D-dependent manner. Cell Rep 2013; 3:701-8. [PMID: 23523350 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During an infection the antigen-nonspecific memory CD8 T cell compartment is not simply an inert pool of cells, but becomes activated and cytotoxic. It is unknown how these cells contribute to the clearance of an infection. We measured the strength of T cell receptor (TCR) signals that bystander-activated, cytotoxic CD8 T cells (BA-CTLs) receive in vivo and found evidence of limited TCR signaling. Given this marginal contribution of the TCR, we asked how BA-CTLs identify infected target cells. We show that target cells express NKG2D ligands following bacterial infection and demonstrate that BA-CTLs directly eliminate these target cells in an innate-like, NKG2D-dependent manner. Selective inhibition of BA-CTL-mediated killing led to a significant defect in pathogen clearance. Together, these data suggest an innate role for memory CD8 T cells in the early immune response before the onset of a de novo generated, antigen-specific CD8 T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talyn Chu
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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Yang RK, Kalogriopoulos NA, Rakhmilevich AL, Ranheim EA, Seo S, Kim K, Alderson KL, Gan J, Reisfeld RA, Gillies SD, Hank JA, Sondel PM. Intratumoral hu14.18-IL-2 (IC) induces local and systemic antitumor effects that involve both activated T and NK cells as well as enhanced IC retention. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 189:2656-64. [PMID: 22844125 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
hu14.18-IL-2 (IC) is an immunocytokine consisting of human IL-2 linked to hu14.18 mAb, which recognizes the GD2 disialoganglioside. Phase 2 clinical trials of i.v. hu14.18-IL-2 (i.v.-IC) in neuroblastoma and melanoma are underway and have already demonstrated activity in neuroblastoma. We showed previously that intratumoral hu14.18-IL-2 (IT-IC) results in enhanced antitumor activity in mouse models compared with i.v.-IC. The studies presented in this article were designed to determine the mechanisms involved in this enhanced activity and to support the future clinical testing of intratumoral administration of immunocytokines. Improved survival and inhibition of growth of both local and distant tumors were observed in A/J mice bearing s.c. NXS2 neuroblastomas treated with IT-IC compared with those treated with i.v.-IC or control mice. The local and systemic antitumor effects of IT-IC were inhibited by depletion of NK cells or T cells. IT-IC resulted in increased NKG2D receptors on intratumoral NKG2A/C/E⁺ NKp46⁺ NK cells and NKG2A/C/E⁺ CD8⁺ T cells compared with control mice or mice treated with i.v.-IC. NKG2D levels were augmented more in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes compared with splenocytes, supporting the localized nature of the intratumoral changes induced by IT-IC treatment. Prolonged retention of IC at the tumor site was seen with IT-IC compared with i.v.-IC. Overall, IT-IC resulted in increased numbers of activated T and NK cells within tumors, better IC retention in the tumor, enhanced inhibition of tumor growth, and improved survival compared with i.v.-IC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard K Yang
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Odorizzi PM, Wherry EJ. Inhibitory receptors on lymphocytes: insights from infections. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:2957-65. [PMID: 22442493 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Costimulatory and inhibitory receptors are critical regulators of adaptive immune cell function. These pathways regulate the initiation and termination of effective immune responses to infections while limiting autoimmunity and/or immunopathology. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding of inhibitory receptor pathways and their roles in different diseases and/or infections, emphasizing potential clinical applications and important unanswered mechanistic questions. Although significant progress has been made in defining the influence of inhibitory receptors at the cellular level, relatively little is known about the underlying molecular pathways. We discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms for key inhibitory receptor pathways, highlight major gaps in knowledge, and explore current and future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela M Odorizzi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Notake T, Horisawa S, Sanjo H, Miyagawa SI, Hida S, Taki S. Differential requirements for IRF-2 in generation of CD1d-independent T cells bearing NK cell receptors. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4838-45. [PMID: 22504642 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
NK cell receptors (NKRs) such as NK1.1, NKG2D, and Ly49s are expressed on subsets of CD1d-independent memory phenotype CD8(+) and CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells. However, the mechanism for the generation and functions of these NKR(+) T cells remained elusive. In this study, we found that CD1d-independent Ly49(+) T cells were reduced severely in the spleen, bone marrow, and liver, but not thymus, in mice doubly deficient for IFN regulatory factor-2 (IRF-2) and CD1d, in which the overall memory phenotype T cell population was contrastingly enlarged. Because a large fraction of Ly49(+) T cells coexpressed NK1.1 or NKG2D, the reduction of Ly49(+) T cells resulted indirectly in underrepresentation of NK1.1(+) or NKG2D(+) cells. Ly49(+) T cell deficiency was observed in IRF-2(-/-) mice additionally lacking IFN-α/βR α-chain (IFNAR1) as severely as in IRF-2(-/-) mice, arguing against the involvement of the accelerated IFN-α/β signals due to IRF-2 deficiency. Rather, mice lacking IFN-α/βR alone also exhibited relatively milder Ly49(+) T cell reduction, and IL-2 could expand Ly49(+) T cells from IFNAR1(-/-), but not from IRF-2(-/-), spleen cells in vitro. These results together indicated that IRF-2 acted in Ly49(+) T cell development in a manner distinct from that of IFN-α/β signals. The influence of IRF-2 deficiency on Ly49(+) memory phenotype T cells observed in this study suggested a unique transcriptional program for this T cell population among other NKR(+) T and memory phenotype T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Notake
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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Shegarfi H, Naddafi F, Mirshafiey A. Natural killer cells and their role in rheumatoid arthritis: friend or foe? ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:491974. [PMID: 22547986 PMCID: PMC3322405 DOI: 10.1100/2012/491974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term disease that leads to inflammation of the joints and surrounding tissues. Natural killer (NK) cells are an important part of the innate immune system and are responsible for the first line of defense against pathogens during the initial immune challenge before the adaptive immune system eventually eliminates the infectious burden. NK cells have the capacity to damage normal cells or through interaction with other cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells cause autoimmune diseases, such as RA. NK cells isolated from the joints of patients with RA suggest that they may play a role in this disease. However, the involvement of NK cells in RA pathology is not fully elucidated. Both protective and detrimental roles of NK cells in RA have recently been reported. A better understanding of NK cells' role in RA might help to develop new therapeutic strategies for treatment of the RA or other autoimmune diseases. We have decided in this paper to focus on the NK cell biology, and attempt to bring the interested readership of this Journal up to date on the NK cell, specifically its possible relation to RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Shegarfi
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fatemeh Naddafi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 6446 Tehran 14155, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirshafiey
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 6446 Tehran 14155, Iran
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McNamara JT, Schramm CM, Singh A, Secor ER, Guernsey LA, Lefrançois L, Thrall RS. Phenotypic changes to the endogenous antigen-specific CD8+ T cell response correlates with the development and resolution of allergic airway disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1991-2000. [PMID: 22452921 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The role of CD8(+) T cells in the pathogenesis of asthma remains controversial, as both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions have been suggested. This study was designed to examine the endogenous CD8(+) T cell response in a biphasic ovalbumin (OVA)-induced model of allergic airway disease (AAD) and its subsequent resolution with the development of local inhalational tolerance (LIT). We observed increases in OVA-specific CD8(+) T cell numbers in the local lung compartments (bronchoalveolar lavage, lung tissue, hilar lymph node) at AAD and LIT; systemic compartments (spleen, inguinal lymph node) displayed no such increases in CD8(+) T cell numbers. OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells appeared to exhibit plasticity both phenotypically and functionally. They possessed pro-inflammatory characteristics at AAD, with high phenotypic expression of CD11a and increased functional expression of granzyme B and interferon-γ. In contrast, at LIT they showed increased phenotypic expression of the inhibitory marker NKG2A and functionally did not produce granzyme B or interferon-γ. In addition, in a discontinuous model the OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells could be recalled on re-exposure to OVA, demonstrating memory. Finally, confocal microscopy results showed that OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells at AAD are associated with B cell aggregates in lung tissue. These B cell aggregates resembled tertiary ectopic lymphoid tissue and may thus provide a local environment for the salient cellular interactions that contribute to the development of LIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T McNamara
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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Nowak M, Schmidt-Wolf IGH. Natural killer T cells subsets in cancer, functional defects in prostate cancer and implications for immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:3661-75. [PMID: 24212972 PMCID: PMC3759215 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3033661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2011] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T cells are T lymphocytes with unique activation and effector properties. The majority of NKT cells, termed type-I or iNKT cells, recognize lipid antigens presented on MHC-like CD1d molecules. Type-I NKT cells have the capacity to rapidly secrete various cytokines upon activation, thereby regulate immune responses exerts dominant anti-tumor and anti-microbial effector functions. Specific activation of type-I NKT cells in mouse models boosts immunity and prevents metastasis, which has led to a number of phase I-II clinical trials. Since the discovery of NKT cells other subsets with different specificities and effector functions have been described. This article briefly reviews the physiological functions of NKT cell subsets, their implications in cancer and the attempts that have been made to employ NKT cells for immune therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nowak
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, Bonn 53127, Germany.
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Abstract
Abstract
Immune responses lead to expression of immunoregulatory molecules on T cells, including natural killer (NK) receptors, such as CD94/NKG2A on CD8+ T cells; these receptors restrain CD8+ responses, thereby preventing T-cell exhaustion in chronic infections and limiting immunopathology. Here, we examined the requirements for inducing CD94/NKG2A on T cells responding to antigen. In vitro, moderate induction of CD94/NKG2A expression occurred after exposure of naive CD8+ (but not CD4+) cells to CD3 ligation or specific peptide. Surprisingly, expression was inhibited by CD28/B7 costimulation. Such inhibition applied only to CD94/NKG2A and not other NK receptors (NKG2D) and was mediated by IL-2. Inhibition by IL-2 occurred via a NFAT cell-independent component of the calcineurin pathway, and CD94/NKG2A induction was markedly enhanced in the presence of calcineurin blockers, such as FK506 or using calcineurin-deficient T cells, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition to CD28-dependent inhibition by IL-2, CD94/NKG2A expression was impaired by several other cytokines (IL-4, IL-23, and transforming growth factor-β) but enhanced by others (IL-6, IL-10, and IL-21). The complex interplay between these various stimuli may account for the variable expression of CD94/NKG2A during responses to different pathogens in vivo.
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Yamauchi C, Fujii S, Kimura T, Kuwata T, Wada N, Mukai H, Matsumoto N, Fukayama M, Ochiai A. E-cadherin expression on human carcinoma cell affects trastuzumab-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity through killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 on natural killer cells. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:2125-37. [PMID: 21387286 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Trastuzumab is a recombinant antibody drug that is widely used for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing breast carcinoma. Despite encouraging clinical results, many HER2-overexpressing carcinomas are primarily resistant to trastuzumab. We attempted to explain trastuzumab resistance and search for solutions. Since the killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1), an inhibitory receptor expressed on subsets of natural killer (NK) cells recognizes E-cadherin as ligands and may inhibit immune responses by regulating the effector function of NK cells, we used HER2-overexpressing carcinoma cells which were expressing E-cadherin to investigate the role of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) through KLRG1 on NK cells in vitro and vivo. The results indicated that HER2-overexpressing carcinoma cells were killed by trastuzumab-mediated ADCC and the ADCC activity was reflected the degree of E-cadherin expression on carcinoma cells. We found that expression of E-cadherin was shown to be a predictor of response to trastuzumab-based treatment for HER2-overexpressing carcinomas, furthermore, trastuzumab-mediated ADCC was markedly enhanced by KLRG1-negative peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs(KLRG1(-))).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisako Yamauchi
- Pathology Division, Research Center for Innovative Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
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Cheng CW, Duwaerts CC, van Rooigen N, Wintermeyer P, Mott S, Gregory SH. NK cells suppress experimental cholestatic liver injury by an interleukin-6-mediated, Kupffer cell-dependent mechanism. J Hepatol 2011; 54:746-52. [PMID: 21129806 PMCID: PMC3060960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2010.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Natural killer (NK) cells are innate immune effector cells first characterized by their ability to lyse susceptible tumor cells. Recent studies demonstrated their role in initiating and modulating adaptive immunity. NK cells represent a larger percentage of the lymphoid population in liver than other organs, suggesting that hepatic NK cells express some unique function. Here, we examined the response of NK cells to liver injury that occurs in a mouse model of biliary obstruction. METHODS Bile duct ligations (BDL) were performed in mice previously depleted or not depleted of NK cells. NK cell activation, interleukin (IL)-6 mRNA expression and protein production by Kupffer cells, and the ability of exogenous IL-6 to ameliorate liver injury in NK cell-depleted mice, were determined. RESULTS The number of activated hepatic NK cells increased markedly following BDL. Activation was suppressed in mice rendered Kupffer cell-depleted prior to ligation. Increased liver injury occurred in NK cell-depleted mice correlating with a reduction in IL-6 production. Purified Kupffer cells, obtained from NK cell-depleted or anti-interferon (IFN)-γ monoclonal antibody-pretreated mice following BDL, produced less IL-6 in culture than did Kupffer cells derived from control animals. In culture, hepatic NK cells derived from BDL mice stimulated IFN-γ-dependent IL-6 production by Kupffer cells; splenic NK cells obtained from the same animals had a negligible effect. Treatment with recombinant murine IL-6 reduced liver injury in BDL, NK cell-depleted mice. CONCLUSIONS Hepatic NK cells suppress cholestatic liver injury by stimulating Kupffer cell-dependent IL-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Caroline C. Duwaerts
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Nico van Rooigen
- Department of Cell Biology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip Wintermeyer
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Stephanie Mott
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903
| | - Stephen H. Gregory
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903
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López-Álvarez M, Campillo J, Legaz I, Blanco-García R, Salgado-Cecilia G, Bolarín J, Gimeno L, Gil J, García-Alonso A, Muro M, Álvarez-López M, Miras M, Minguela A. Divergences in KIR2D+ natural killer and KIR2D+CD8+ T-cell reconstitution following liver transplantation. Hum Immunol 2011; 72:229-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Cush SS, Flaño E. KLRG1+NKG2A+ CD8 T cells mediate protection and participate in memory responses during γ-herpesvirus infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:4051-8. [PMID: 21346231 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional CD8 T cell effector and memory responses are generated and maintained during murine γ-herpesvirus 68 (γHV68) persistent infection despite continuous presentation of viral lytic Ags. However, the identity of the CD8 T cell subpopulations that mediate effective recall responses and that can participate in the generation of protective memory to a γ-herpesvirus infection remains unknown. During γHV68 persistence, ∼75% of γHV68-specific CD8 T cells coexpress the NK receptors killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) and NKG2A. In this study, we take advantage of this unique phenotype to analyze the capacity of CD8 T cells expressing or not expressing KLRG1 and NKG2A to mediate effector and memory responses. Our results show that γHV68-specific KLRG1(+)NKG2A(+) CD8 T cells have an effector memory phenotype as well as characteristics of polyfunctional effector cells such us IFN-γ and TNF-α production, killing capacity, and are more efficient at protecting against a γHV68 challenge than their NKG2A(-)KLRG1(-) counterparts. Nevertheless, γHV68-specific NKG2A(+)KLRG1(+) CD8 T cells express IL-7 and IL-15 receptors, can survive long-term without cognate Ag, and subsequently mount a protective response during antigenic recall. These results highlight the plasticity of the immune system to generate protective effector and proliferative memory responses during virus persistence from a pool of KLRG1(+)NKG2A(+) effector memory CD8 T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Cush
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Abstract
Our T cell repertoire is shaped by antigen encounter. From a naive T cell pool that contains millions of different T cells with unknown specificities, pathogen infection leads to selection of those T cells that can detect pathogen-derived antigens. Following clearance of infection, a population of memory T cells remains and protects the individual from severe reinfection. A central question in the field has been how the generation of long-lived memory T cells, versus short-lived ("terminally differentiated") T cells, is controlled. In this review we discuss the models that have been put forward to explain the generation of memory T cells after infection and the experimental evidence supporting these hypotheses. Based on the available data we propose a new model that stipulates that during immune responses T cells do not acquire different fates that determine their subsequent long-term survival but rather T cells assume different states that simply reflect the likelihood of future survival, states that can still be modulated by external signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Gerlach
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Vazquez-Cintron EJ, Monu NR, Frey AB. Tumor-induced disruption of proximal TCR-mediated signal transduction in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes inactivates antitumor effector phase. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 185:7133-40. [PMID: 21127315 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence in cancer tissue of Ag-specific, activated tumor infiltrating CD8(+) T cells proves that tumors express Ags capable of eliciting immune response. Therefore, in general, tumor escape from immune-mediated clearance is not attributable to immunological ignorance. However, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are defective in effector phase function, demonstrating tumor-induced immune suppression that likely underlies tumor escape. Since exocytosis of lytic granules is dependent upon TCR-mediated signal transduction, it is a reasonable contention that tumors may induce defective signal transduction in tumor infiltrating T cells. In this review, we consider the biochemical basis for antitumor T cell dysfunction, focusing on the role of inhibitory signaling receptors in restricting TCR-mediated signaling in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin J Vazquez-Cintron
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Chandele A, Mukerjee P, Das G, Ahmed R, Chauhan VS. Phenotypic and functional profiling of malaria-induced CD8 and CD4 T cells during blood-stage infection with Plasmodium yoelii. Immunology 2010; 132:273-86. [PMID: 21039472 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that antibodies and CD4 T cells play critical roles in the immune response during the blood stage of malaria, whereas the role of CD8 T cells remains controversial. Here, we show that both CD8 and CD4 T cells robustly responded to an acute self-limiting blood-stage infection with Plasmodium yoelii. Similar to antigen-specific T cells, both CD8 and CD4 T cells showed dynamic expression of the surface proteins interleukin (IL)-7R and programmed death-1 (PD-1). Additionally, activated CD8 T cells showed differences in the expression of Killer cell lectin-like receptor G1, L-selectin and B cell lymphoma-2 and produced granzyme B, indicating cytotoxic activity, and the initially high expression of T-box transcription factor TBX21 in malaria-activated CD4 T cells indicated an early T helper type 1 (Th1)-skewed immune response. Our data demonstrate that blood-stage malaria infection results in a striking T-cell response and that activated CD8 and CD4 T cells have phenotypic and functional characteristics that are consistent with conventional antigen-specific effector and memory T cells. Therefore, a better understanding of the CD8 and CD4 T-cell response induced by blood-stage infection may prove to be essential in the development of a vaccine that targets the erythrocytic stage of the malarial parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Chandele
- Joint ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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CD4 T-cell help programs a change in CD8 T-cell function enabling effective long-term control of murine gammaherpesvirus 68: role of PD-1-PD-L1 interactions. J Virol 2010; 84:8241-9. [PMID: 20534854 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00784-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that agonistic antibodies to CD40 could substitute for CD4 T-cell help and prevent reactivation of murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) in the lungs of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II(-/-) (CII(-/-)) mice, which are CD4 T cell deficient. Although CD8 T cells were required for this effect, no change in their activity was detected in vitro. A key question was whether anti-CD40 treatment (or CD4 T-cell help) changed the function of CD8 T cells or another cell type in vivo. To address this question, in the present study, we showed that adoptive transfer of CD8 T cells from virus-infected wild-type mice or anti-CD40-treated CII(-/-) mice caused a significant reduction in lung viral titers, in contrast to those from control CII(-/-) mice. Anti-CD40 treatment also greatly prolonged survival of infected CII(-/-) mice. This confirms that costimulatory signals cause a change in CD8 T cells enabling them to maintain effective long-term control of MHV-68. We investigated the nature of this change and found that expression of the inhibitory receptor PD-1 was significantly increased on CD8 T cells in the lungs of MHV-68-infected CII(-/-), CD40(-/-), or CD80/86(-/-) mice, compared with that in wild-type or CD28/CTLA4(-/-) mice, correlating with the level of viral reactivation. Furthermore, blocking PD-1-PD-L1 interactions significantly reduced viral reactivation in CD4 T-cell-deficient mice. In contrast, the absence of another inhibitory receptor, NKG2A, had no effect. These data suggest that CD4 T-cell help programs a change in CD8 T-cell function mediated by altered PD-1 expression, which enables effective long-term control of MHV-68.
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Chen XY, Zhuang YL, Li L, Zhang WW, Huang LL. The effect of mifepristone on the peripheral blood natural killer cell's cytotoxicity and expression of CD94/NKG2A and NKG2D during the implantation phase. Fertil Steril 2010; 93:2615-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Immunoregulatory functions of KLRG1 cadherin interactions are dependent on forward and reverse signaling. Blood 2009; 114:5299-306. [PMID: 19855082 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-228353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
KLRG1 is an inhibitory receptor expressed on a subset of mature T and NK cells. Recently, E-, N-, and R-cadherin have been identified as ligands for KLRG1. Cadherins are a large family of transmembrane or membrane-associated glycoproteins that were thought to only bind specifically to other cadherins to mediate specific cell-to-cell adhesion in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. The consequences of cadherin KLRG1 molecular interactions are not well characterized. Here, we report that the first 2 extracellular domains of cadherin are sufficient to initiate a KLRG1-dependent signaling. We also demonstrate that KLRG1 engagement inhibits cadherin-dependent cellular adhesion and influences dendritic cell secretion of inflammatory cytokines, thereby exerting immunosuppressive effects. Consistent with this, engagement of cadherin by KLRG1 molecule induces cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation. Therefore, KLRG1/cadherin interaction leads to the generation of a bidirectional signal in which both KLRG1 and cadherin activate downstream signaling cascades simultaneously. Taken together, our results provide novel insights on how KLRG1 and E-cadherin interactions are integrated to differentially regulate not only KLRG1(+) cells, but also E-cadherin-expressing cells, such as dendritic cells.
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