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Goll N, Moszka N, Kantartzis K, Preissl H, Gruber T, Fritsche L, Jumpertz-von Schwarzenberg R, García-Cáceres C, Fritsche A, Hallschmid M. Oxytocin does not acutely improve glucose tolerance in men with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024. [PMID: 39118203 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To assess oxytocin's acute glucoregulatory impact in men with type 2 diabetes in the context of our previous findings that oxytocin improves β-cell responsivity in healthy men. METHODS In a double-blind, crossover comparison, intranasal oxytocin (24 IU) and placebo, respectively, were administered to 25 fasted men with non-insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (age ± standard error of the mean, 63.40 ± 1.36 years; body mass index, 27.77 ± 0.66 kg/m2; HbA1c, 6.86% ± 0.08%; Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR, 3.44 ± 0.39) 60 minutes before an oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT). Key outcomes were compared with previous results in men with normal weight or obesity. RESULTS Oxytocin compared with placebo increased plasma oxytocin concentrations and reduced the heart rate, but did not alter glucose metabolism in the 3 hours after oGTT onset (area under the curve, glucose, 2240 ± 80.5 vs. 2190 ± 69.5 mmol/L × min; insulin, 45 663 ± 4538 vs. 44 343 ± 4269 pmol/L × min; C-peptide, 235 ± 5.1 vs. 231 ± 15.9 nmol/L × min). CONCLUSIONS This outcome contrasts with the oxytocin-induced attenuation of early postprandial glucose excursions in normal-weight individuals, but is in line with the absence of respective effects in men with obesity. We conclude that insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is associated with decreased sensitivity to the acute glucoregulatory effect of oxytocin in male individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Goll
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nina Moszka
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Periodontics, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Center for Dental and Oral Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Kantartzis
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Gruber
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Louise Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Jumpertz-von Schwarzenberg
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cristina García-Cáceres
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Tübingen, Germany
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Gan HW, Cerbone M, Dattani MT. Appetite- and Weight-Regulating Neuroendocrine Circuitry in Hypothalamic Obesity. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:309-342. [PMID: 38019584 PMCID: PMC11074800 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Since hypothalamic obesity (HyOb) was first described over 120 years ago by Joseph Babinski and Alfred Fröhlich, advances in molecular genetic laboratory techniques have allowed us to elucidate various components of the intricate neurocircuitry governing appetite and weight regulation connecting the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, brainstem, adipose tissue, pancreas, and gastrointestinal tract. On a background of an increasing prevalence of population-level common obesity, the number of survivors of congenital (eg, septo-optic dysplasia, Prader-Willi syndrome) and acquired (eg, central nervous system tumors) hypothalamic disorders is increasing, thanks to earlier diagnosis and management as well as better oncological therapies. Although to date the discovery of several appetite-regulating peptides has led to the development of a range of targeted molecular therapies for monogenic obesity syndromes, outside of these disorders these discoveries have not translated into the development of efficacious treatments for other forms of HyOb. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the neuroendocrine physiology of appetite and weight regulation, and explore our current understanding of the pathophysiology of HyOb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoong-Wei Gan
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Manuela Cerbone
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mehul Tulsidas Dattani
- Department of Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Genetics & Genomic Medicine Research & Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute for Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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Esin K, Batirel S, Ülfer G, Yigit P, Sanlier N. Association of Serum Irisin Levels with Body Composition, Metabolic Profile, Leptin, and Adiponectin Levels in Lean and Obese Children. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1954. [PMID: 38004003 PMCID: PMC10673282 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Irisin is an adipo-myokine with potential metabolic effects in the body, and its association with childhood obesity is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum irisin levels and anthropometric parameters, body composition, metabolic profiles, leptin, and adiponectin in obese and normal-weight children. Methods: The study sample consisted of a total of 80 children aged 6-10, including 44 obese children (BMI ≥ 97th percentile) and 36 normal-weight children. Anthropometric parameters were measured. Body composition was determined with the use of the Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) method. Metabolic profiles, as well as irisin, leptin, and adiponectin levels, were analyzed. Results: Anthropometric parameters and body composition were found to be significantly different between the obese and normal-weight groups (p < 0.05). Fasting blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and leptin levels were found to be significantly higher in the obese group, while the normal-weight group had significantly higher HDL cholesterol and adiponectin levels (p < 0.05). Serum irisin levels did not differ between the obese and normal-weight groups, or based on sex, vitamin D levels, and insulin resistance status. There was also no statistically significant correlation between serum irisin levels and anthropometric parameters, metabolic profile, leptin, and adiponectin. Conclusions: The study concluded that the obese children who participated in this study had high leptin levels and low adiponectin levels, with no significant difference in the irisin levels between the groups. More comprehensive clinical studies are needed to investigate the relationship between irisin and adipokines in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kübra Esin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat 60250, Türkiye
| | - Saime Batirel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul 34722, Türkiye;
| | - Gözde Ülfer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34214, Türkiye;
| | - Pakize Yigit
- Department of Statistical Analysis and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Türkiye;
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara 06050, Türkiye;
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Goh KK, Chen CYA, Wu TH, Chen CH, Lu ML. Crosstalk between Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of Oxytocinergic Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137092. [PMID: 35806096 PMCID: PMC9266532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in persons with schizophrenia has spurred investigational efforts to study the mechanism beneath its pathophysiology. Early psychosis dysfunction is present across multiple organ systems. On this account, schizophrenia may be a multisystem disorder in which one organ system is predominantly affected and where other organ systems are also concurrently involved. Growing evidence of the overlapping neurobiological profiles of metabolic risk factors and psychiatric symptoms, such as an association with cognitive dysfunction, altered autonomic nervous system regulation, desynchrony in the resting-state default mode network, and shared genetic liability, suggest that metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia are connected via common pathways that are central to schizophrenia pathogenesis, which may be underpinned by oxytocin system dysfunction. Oxytocin, a hormone that involves in the mechanisms of food intake and metabolic homeostasis, may partly explain this piece of the puzzle in the mechanism underlying this association. Given its prosocial and anorexigenic properties, oxytocin has been administered intranasally to investigate its therapeutic potential in schizophrenia and obesity. Although the pathophysiology and mechanisms of oxytocinergic dysfunction in metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia are both complex and it is still too early to draw a conclusion upon, oxytocinergic dysfunction may yield a new mechanistic insight into schizophrenia pathogenesis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Kheng Goh
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (K.K.G.); (C.Y.-A.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Cynthia Yi-An Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (K.K.G.); (C.Y.-A.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
| | - Tzu-Hua Wu
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsin Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (K.K.G.); (C.Y.-A.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; (K.K.G.); (C.Y.-A.C.); (C.-H.C.)
- Psychiatric Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Chen Y, Li M, Liao B, Zhong J, Lan D. Serum irisin levels increase in girls with central precocious puberty not dependent on BMI: a pilot study. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e220028. [PMID: 35258485 PMCID: PMC9066598 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the role of serum irisin level in diagnosis of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls and its major determinants. METHODS This study was conducted in 67 girls with CPP, 19 girls with premature thelarche (PT) and 59 normal controls. The major determinants of irisin were assessed by multivariate linear regression (MLR) analysis. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to minimize the bias that can result from BMI. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to obtain the optimal threshold value of irisin. RESULTS The girls with CPP and PT had higher irisin levels than controls (P < 0.05). The optimal cutoff value of irisin levels for predicting CPP was 91.88 ng/mL, with a sensitivity of 70.1% and a specificity of 72.9%. MLR analysis showed that BMI was a predictor of irisin (P < 0.05). Serum irisin levels remained higher in the CPP girls than the controls with adjustment for BMI (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Increased serum irisin levels with CPP suggest that irisin is involved in puberty. However, due to low sensitivity and specificity, irisin level can only be used as an auxiliary indicator rather than a single diagnostic indicator of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Binrong Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jingzi Zhong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dan Lan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to D Lan:
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Palanisamy A, Toftlund SA, Giri T, Strandberg-Larsen K, Lønfeldt NN. Birth with synthetic oxytocin and the risk of being overweight or obese during childhood. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12871. [PMID: 34783173 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the importance of oxytocinergic signalling for satiety regulation and energy balance, the impact of exposure to synthetic oxytocin during childbirth on obesity during childhood remains unknown. OBJECTIVES To examine the association between oxytocin exposure during labour and the risk of being overweight or obese during childhood. METHODS Synthetic oxytocin exposure data of mothers from the Danish Medical Birth Registry were linked with self-reported anthropometric data of their children from the Danish National Birth Cohort (5 months-11 years of age). Multinomial logistic regression and latent class growth analyses were performed to determine the association between oxytocin exposure and obesity during childhood. RESULTS With the exception of the normal weight-to-overweight group between ages 5 and 12 months, none of the other analyses revealed a significant association between synthetic oxytocin use and the risk of being overweight until the age of 11 years. Furthermore, latent class growth analysis did not reveal an association between oxytocin exposure at birth and the risk of being overweight or obese during childhood. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis of a large cohort of children who varied in their synthetic oxytocin exposure status at childbirth did not reveal an association between oxytocin exposure and the risk of childhood overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Palanisamy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sarah A Toftlund
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tusar Giri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Nicole N Lønfeldt
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre - Research Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Capital Region of Denmark, Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advances in knowledge of neurotrophic factors are now revealing the complex control of energy homeostasis and appetite, as well as the crucial role these factors play in nervous system function. The aim of this study was to assess serum levels of neudesin in adolescents with obesity and to examine the relationship between these levels and metabolic outcomes. METHODS Adolescents, aged 10-17 years were enrolled. Subjects were divided into normal weight, obese and morbidly obese subgroups. Serum neudesin concentrations were compared between the groups. RESULTS In total, 88 adolescents were recruited, of whom 30 (34.1%) were normal weight, 15 (17.0%) were obese and 43 (48.9%) were morbidly obese. Neudesin levels were significantly lower in obese adolescents than in the control group (p=0.013). A correlation analysis applied to the whole study group revealed a negative correlation between serum neudesin concentration and body mass index (BMI) z scores (r=-0.40, p<0.001). Serum neudesin levels tended to increase in adolescents with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, and hypertension but the differences were not significant (p=0.259, p=0.246, p=0.259, and p=0.523, respectively). CONCLUSION Serum neudesin levels were significantly correlated with BMI z score in obese adolescents. Generally, serum neudesin levels were low in obese and morbidly obese adolescents and tended to increase with the appearance of metabolic disorders. Both obesity and associated metabolic disorders have multifactorial causes. Therefore, we suggest that the role of the neudesin molecule in the regulatory mechanisms of obesity and metabolic disorders should be further investigated with well-designed studies enrolling larger groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliye Çelikkol
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Binay
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Tekirdağ, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Tekirdağ, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Özge Ayçiçek
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tekirdağ, Turkey
| | - Savaş Güzel
- Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tekirdağ, Turkey
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Shantavasinkul PC, Omotosho P, Corsino L, Muehlbauer MJ, Chattranukulchai P, Torquati A. Changes of Circulating Irisin and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels in Morbidly Obese Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2022; 32:817-822. [PMID: 35443789 PMCID: PMC9416543 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2021.0558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Irisin has been recently reported to provide beneficial effects in obesity and diabetes. Elevation of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) reflects the inflammatory state that has been shown to play a key role in obesity and its comorbidities. Objective: Our study aimed to compare the changes of circulating irisin levels in an obese diabetic population who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) versus a control-matched population who underwent usual medical care plus diabetes support education (DSE) program. In addition, we aimed to explore the association between circulating irisin and hs-CRP levels after the interventions. Methods: In a prospective controlled trial, we studied 58 obese individuals with type 2 diabetes before and 12 months after intervention. Twenty-nine subjects underwent LRYGB and 29 subjects received DSE. Results: At 12-month follow-up, compared with the DSE group, patients who underwent LRYGB lost more weight (LRYGB; -33.4 ± 11.2, and DSE; 0.2 ± 4.9 kg; P < .001), fat mass (P < .001), and fat-free mass (P < .05). Circulating irisin (P < .05) and hs-CRP level (P < .05) were also significantly lower. Within the LRYGB group, the reduction of irisin level was positively associated with the changes of hs-CRP levels (r = 0.39, P < .05). Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showing that LRYGB significantly reduces circulating irisin levels compared with usual medical care and DSE, in an obese diabetic population. After LRYGB, the irisin reduction significantly correlates with the reduction of hs-CRP. The elevation of circulating irisin levels suggests irisin resistance in the obese state and its decrease after LRYGB might reflect the resolution of irisin resistance. Future investigations are needed to confirm and explore the mechanisms of irisin resistance in obesity, its resolution after LRYGB, and the pathophysiological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapimporn Ch Shantavasinkul
- Division of Nutrition and Biochemical Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Graduate Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Philip Omotosho
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Weight Loss and Bariatric Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leonor Corsino
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J Muehlbauer
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pairoj Chattranukulchai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alfonso Torquati
- Department of General Surgery, Center for Weight Loss and Bariatric Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Beray S, Atabek M, Kücükkagnici Y, Kurban S, Selver M, Iyisoy M. INFLUENCE OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND BODY COMPOSITION ON IRISIN LEVELS IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2022; 18:24-28. [PMID: 35975256 PMCID: PMC9365419 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2022.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM We investigated the relationship between irisin concentrations and glycemic control, body composition and anthropometric measures in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus. METHODS The study involved 40 subjects with T1DM prospectively. Glycemic control was evaluated. Body composition was analyzed with a bioimpedance analyzer (BIA). Serum irisin concentrations were measured using an ELISA kit. RESULTS Irisin levels were found higher in BMI <17 kg/m2 group (p=0.002) compared to BMI >17 kg/m2. Irisin level was negatively correlated with weight, height, BMI, fat free mass, skeletelal muscle mass, basal metabolic rate (r= -0.40, p= 0.011; r=-0.32, p=0.046; r=-0.366, p= 0.022; r=-0.423, p= 0.007; r=-0.430, p=0.006; r=-0.416, p=0.009, respectively); there was a strong correlation between LDL-C and irisin levels (r=0.367, p=0.02). In multivariate linear regression analyses model, irisin concentrations were correlated with weight (ß-coefficient= - 0.391, p= 0.015). LDL-C is associated, but not correlated significantly with irisin levels, (ß-coefficient =0.272, p=0.084). CONCLUSION As a result, weight and LDL-C were the predictors of circulating irisin. To our knowledge, this study is the first examining association between irisin levels and body composition comprehensively, in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.E. Beray
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, “Necmettin Erbakan” University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - M.E. Atabek
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, “Necmettin Erbakan” University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Y. Kücükkagnici
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, “Necmettin Erbakan” University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - S. Kurban
- Department of Biochemistry, “Necmettin Erbakan” University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - M.B. Selver
- Department of Pediatrics, “Necmettin Erbakan” University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - M.S. Iyisoy
- Department of Medical Education and Informatics, “Necmettin Erbakan” University, Faculty of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
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Mai S, Fintini D, Mele C, Convertino A, Bocchini S, Grugni G, Aimaretti G, Vietti R, Scacchi M, Crinò A, Marzullo P. Circulating Irisin in Children and Adolescents With Prader-Willi Syndrome: Relation With Glucose Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:918467. [PMID: 35774143 PMCID: PMC9238350 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.918467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine involved in the browning of white adipose tissue and regulation of energy expenditure, glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. Debated evidence exists on the metabolic role played by irisin in children with overweight or obesity, while few information exist in children with Prader Willi Syndrome (PWS), a condition genetically prone to obesity. Here we assessed serum irisin in relation to the metabolic profile and body composition in children and adolescents with and without PWS. In 25 PWS subjects [age 6.6-17.8y; body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) 2.5 ± 0.3] and 25 age, and BMI-matched controls (age 6.8-18.0y; BMI SDS, 2.8 ± 0.1) we assessed irisin levels and metabolic profile inclusive of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). In PWS, we recorded lower levels of fat-free mass (FFM) (p <0.05), fasting (p<0.0001) and 2h post-OGTT insulin (p<0.05) and lower insulin resistance as expressed by homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p<0.0001). Irisin levels were significantly lower in PWS group than in controls with common obesity (p<0.05). In univariate correlation analysis, positive associations linked irisin to insulin OGTT0 (p<0.05), insulin OGTT120 (p<0.005), HOMA-IR (p<0.05) and fasting C-peptide (p<0.05). In stepwise multivariable regression analysis, irisin levels were independently predicted by insulin OGTT120. These results suggest a link between irisin levels and insulin sensitivity in two divergent models of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mai
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
- *Correspondence: Stefania Mai,
| | - Danilo Fintini
- Reference Center for Prader Willi Syndrome, Research Institute, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Mele
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessio Convertino
- Reference Center for Prader Willi Syndrome, Research Institute, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Bocchini
- Reference Center for Prader Willi Syndrome, Research Institute, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Graziano Grugni
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Vietti
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Massimo Scacchi
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- Reference Center for Prader Willi Syndrome, Research Institute, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
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11
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Çatli G, Acar S, Cingöz G, Rasulova K, Yarim AK, Uzun H, Küme T, Kızıldağ S, Dündar BN, Abacı A. Oxytocin receptor gene polymorphism and low serum oxytocin level are associated with hyperphagia and obesity in adolescents. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:2064-2073. [PMID: 34091593 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In recent years, oxytocin (OXT) and polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene have been reported to play roles in obesity pathogenesis. However, there was no study evaluating OXTR gene variants in childhood obesity. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation of OXTR gene polymorphisms and serum OXT levels with metabolic and anthropometric parameters in obese and healthy adolescents. SUBJECTS/METHODS The study was a multi-centered case-control study, which was conducted on obese and healthy adolescents aged between 12 and 17 years. Serum OXT and leptin levels were measured, and OXTR gene variants were studied by qPCR (rs53576) and RFLP (rs2254298) methods. RESULTS A total of 250 obese and 250 healthy adolescents were included in this study. In the obese group, serum OXT level was lower and leptin level was higher than the control group. In the obese group, frequencies of homozygous mutant (G/G) and heterozygous (A/G) genotypes for rs53576 polymorphism were higher than the control group. Homozygous mutant(G/G) and heterozygous (A/G) genotypes for rs53576 polymorphism were found to increase the risk of obesity compared to the wild type (A/A) genotype [OR = 6.05 and OR = 3.06; p < 0.001, respectively]. In patients with homozygous mutant (G/G) and heterozygous (A/G) genotype for rs53576 polymorphism, serum OXT levels were lower than the wild type (A/A) genotype. In the obese group, hyperphagia score was higher than the control group and correlated negatively with serum OXT level. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that low serum OXT level, which is associated with hyperphagia may be an underlying cause for obesity in adolescents. For rs53576 polymorphism of the OXTR gene, obesity risk is higher in patients with homozygous mutant(G/G) and heterozygous(A/G)genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Çatli
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Izmir KatipÇelebi University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey.
| | - Sezer Acar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Gülten Cingöz
- Department of Pediatrics, Sağlik Bilimleri University, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Khayala Rasulova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayça Kanat Yarim
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hamide Uzun
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sağlik Bilimleri University, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Küme
- Department of Biochemistry, Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kızıldağ
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bumin Nuri Dündar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Izmir KatipÇelebi University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abacı
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Dokuz Eylül University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
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12
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Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases: a promising biomarker and therapeutic target. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1390-1400. [PMID: 33214697 PMCID: PMC8379181 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide and impose a tremendous socioeconomic burden on individuals as well as the healthcare system. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (FNDC5) is a widely distributed transmembrane glycoprotein that can be proteolytically cleaved and secreted as irisin to regulate glycolipid metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the predictive and therapeutic role of FNDC5 in a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, metabolic cardiomyopathy, cardiac remodeling, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and obesity.
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13
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De Meneck F, de Souza LV, Brioschi ML, Franco MDC. Emerging evidence for the opposite role of circulating irisin levels and brown adipose tissue activity measured by infrared thermography in anthropometric and metabolic profile during childhood. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103010. [PMID: 34420640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is an adipomyokine that increases browning of adipose tissue and thermogenesis, thereby protecting against obesity and insulin resistance. However, the correlation between irisin, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and childhood obesity, as well as its association with an increased risk of developing metabolic diseases, has not been completely elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between irisin levels and BAT activity measured by infrared thermography among children and verify their correlation with anthropometric and metabolic parameters. This study included 42 children with normal weight and 18 overweight/obese children. Anthropometric data, irisin levels, lipid and glucose profile were evaluated. The percentage of the thermally active portion of the supraclavicular area (%AreaSCR) before and after a cold stimulus was measured by infrared thermography, and the differences between the percentages of thermally active (Δ%AreaSCR) was calculated as an index of BAT activation. The results were correlated with anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Circulating irisin levels was positive correlated with age (rho=0.327, P= 0.011), body mass index (BMI) (rho=0.707, P<0.001), waist circumference (rho=0.624, P<0.001), total cholesterol (rho=0.361, P=0.044), triglycerides (rho=0.419, P=0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) (rho=0.381, P= 0.003). Active BAT was negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, triglycerides, LDLc and irisin levels. We observed that normal weight children increased significantly the Δ% AreaSCR as compared to overweight/obese children. In conclusion, circulating irisin levels and BAT activity appear to have opposing roles, since normal weight children had greater BAT activity and lower circulating levels of irisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele De Meneck
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Leal Brioschi
- Division of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo Franco
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Karampatsou SI, Genitsaridi SM, Michos A, Kourkouni E, Kourlaba G, Kassari P, Manios Y, Charmandari E. The Effect of a Life-Style Intervention Program of Diet and Exercise on Irisin and FGF-21 Concentrations in Children and Adolescents with Overweight and Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:1274. [PMID: 33924457 PMCID: PMC8070027 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence represent major public health problems of our century, and account for increased morbidity and mortality in adult life. Irisin and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF-21) have been proposed as prognostic and/or diagnostic biomarkers in subjects with obesity and metabolic syndrome, because they increase earlier than other traditional biomarkers. We determined the concentrations of Irisin and FGF-21 in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity before and after one year of a life-style intervention program of diet and physical exercise and explored the impact of body mass index (BMI) reduction on the concentrations of Irisin, FGF-21 and other cardiometabolic risk factors. Three hundred and ten (n = 310) children and adolescents (mean age ± SD: 10.5 ± 2.9 years) were studied prospectively. Following one year of the life-style intervention program, there was a significant decrease in BMI (p = 0.001), waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.024), waist-to-height ratio (p = 0.024), and Irisin concentrations (p = 0.001), and an improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors. There was no alteration in FGF-21 concentrations. These findings indicate that Irisin concentrations decreased significantly as a result of BMI reduction in children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Further studies are required to investigate the potential role of Irisin as a biomarker for monitoring the response to lifestyle interventions and for predicting the development of cardiometabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia I. Karampatsou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.I.K.); (S.M.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Sofia M. Genitsaridi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.I.K.); (S.M.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Athanasios Michos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleni Kourkouni
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Georgia Kourlaba
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.K.); (G.K.)
| | - Penio Kassari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.I.K.); (S.M.G.); (P.K.)
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Kallithea, 17671 Athens, Greece;
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.I.K.); (S.M.G.); (P.K.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center of Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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15
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Luo Y, Qiao X, Ma Y, Deng H, Xu CC, Xu L. Irisin deletion induces a decrease in growth and fertility in mice. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:22. [PMID: 33581723 PMCID: PMC7881587 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00702-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irisin, which is cleaved from fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (Fndc5), plays an important role in energy homeostasis. The link between energy metabolism and reproduction is well known. However, the biological actions of irisin in reproduction remain largely unexplored. METHODS In this study, we generated Fndc5 gene mutation to create irisin deficient mice. Female wild-type (WT) and Fndc5 mutant mice were fed with standard chow for 48 weeks. Firstly, the survival rate, body weight and fertility were described in mice. Secondly, the levels of steroid hormones in serum were measured by ELISA, and the estrus cycle and the appearance of follicles were determined by vaginal smears and ovarian continuous sections. Thirdly, mRNA-sequencing analysis was used to compare gene expression between the ovaries of Fndc5 mutant mice and those of WT mice. Finally, the effects of exogenous irisin on steroid hormone production was investigated in KGN cells. RESULTS The mice lacking irisin presented increased mortality, reduced body weight and poor fertility. Analysis of sex hormones showed decreased levels of estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, and elevated progesterone levels in Fndc5 mutant mice. Irisin deficiency in mice was associated with irregular estrus, reduced ratio of antral follicles. The expressions of Akr1c18, Mamld1, and Cyp19a1, which are involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones, were reduced in the ovaries of mutant mice. Exogenous irisin could promote the expression of Akr1c18, Mamld1, and Cyp19a1 in KGN cells, stimulating estradiol production and inhibiting progesterone secretion. CONCLUSIONS Irisin deficiency was related to disordered endocrinology metabolism in mice. The irisin deficient mice showed poor growth and development, and decreased fertility. Irisin likely have effects on the expressions of Akr1c18, Mamld1 and Cyp19a1 in ovary, regulating the steroid hormone production. This study provides novel insights into the potential role of irisin in mammalian growth and reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyao Luo
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, #20 Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Qiao
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, #20 Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxian Ma
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, #20 Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Deng
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, #20 Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Charles C Xu
- College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Liangzhi Xu
- Reproductive Endocrinology and Regulation Laboratory West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, #20 Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- The Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University) Ministry of Education, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Wang SC, Wang YF. Cardiovascular protective properties of oxytocin against COVID-19. Life Sci 2021; 270:119130. [PMID: 33513400 PMCID: PMC7837104 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 has become a worldwide pandemic; however, effective treatment for COVID-19 remains to be established. Along with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), new and old cardiovascular injuries are important causes of significant morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. Exploring new approaches managing cardiovascular complications is essential in controlling the disease progression and preventing long-term complications. Oxytocin (OXT), an immune-regulating neuropeptide, has recently emerged as a strong candidate for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 pandemic. OXT carries special functions in immunologic defense, homeostasis and surveillance. It suppresses neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory cytokine release, activates T-lymphocytes, and antagonizes negative effects of angiotensin II and other key pathological events of COVID-19. Additionally, OXT can promote γ-interferon expression to inhibit cathepsin L and increases superoxide dismutase expression to reduce heparin and heparan sulphate fragmentation. Through these mechanisms, OXT can block viral invasion, suppress cytokine storm, reverse lymphocytopenia, and prevent progression to ARDS and multiple organ failures. Importantly, besides prevention of metabolic disorders associated with atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, OXT can protect the heart and vasculature through suppressing hypertension and brain-heart syndrome, and promoting regeneration of injured cardiomyocytes. Unlike other therapeutic agents, exogenous OXT can be used safely without the side-effects seen in remdesivir and corticosteroid. Importantly, OXT can be mobilized endogenously to prevent pathogenesis of COVID-19. This article summarizes our current understandings of cardiovascular pathogenesis caused by COVID-19, explores the protective potentials of OXT against COVID-19-associated cardiovascular diseases, and discusses challenges in applying OXT in treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Chemical compounds Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); cathepsin L; heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs); interferon; interleukin; oxytocin; superoxide dismutase; transmembrane serine protease isoform 2 (TMPRSS2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephani C Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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17
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Kutlu E, Özgen İT, Bulut H, Koçyiğit A, Otçu H, Cesur Y. Serum Irisin Levels in Central Precocious Puberty and Its Variants. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e247-e254. [PMID: 33034623 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM The exact mechanisms that trigger the onset of puberty are not well known. Adipomyokines are postulated to stimulate the central neural network. In the present study, we investigated irisin levels in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP), slowly progressing precocious puberty (SPPP), or premature thelarche (PT); we also studied prepubertal girls and to determine if this adipomyokine could be used as a marker in this context. METHODS A total of 94 girls including 33 with CPP, 31 with precocious puberty (PP) variants (SPPP or PT), and 30 healthy controls were enrolled to the study. The mean irisin levels were compared between groups. The bivariate correlations of irisin levels with clinical and laboratory parameters were assessed. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictive factors of irisin levels. RESULTS Irisin levels were higher in the CPP group compared with the other groups (CPP group: 723.25 ± 62.35 ng/mL; PP variants group: 529.60 ± 39.66 ng/mL; and control group: 325.03 ± 27.53 ng/mL) (P < 0.001). Irisin levels were positively correlated with body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI-SDS), height-SDS, weight-SDS, bone age, uterus long axis, ovary size, baseline FSH and LH, and peak LH levels. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that irisin levels had the strongest correlation with peak LH. The other independent predictive factor of irisin levels was BMI-SDS. CONCLUSIONS The mean irisin levels were higher in patients with CPP compared with other groups. The results of this study imply that increased irisin levels may be used as a marker of CPP provided that these findings are confirmed in larger prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Kutlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İlker Tolga Özgen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Huri Bulut
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdurrahim Koçyiğit
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize Otçu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Cesur
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
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18
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Abstract
The hypothalamic peptide oxytocin has been increasingly recognized as a hormone and neurotransmitter with important effects on energy intake, metabolism, and body weight and is under investigation as a potential novel therapeutic agent for obesity. The main neurons producing oxytocin and expressing the oxytocin receptor are strategically located in brain areas known to be critically involved in homeostatic energy balance as well as hedonic and motivational aspects of eating behavior. In this chapter, we will review the central and peripheral physiology of oxytocin and the interaction of oxytocin with key hormones and neural circuitries that affect food intake and metabolism. Next, we will synthesize the available data on endogenous oxytocin levels related to caloric intake, body weight, and metabolic status. We will then review the effects of exogenous oxytocin administration on eating behavior, body weight, and metabolism in humans, including in healthy individuals as well as specific populations with suspected perturbations involving oxytocin pathways. Finally, we will address the promise and fundamental challenges of translating this line of research to clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Kerem
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
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19
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The New Frontier in Oxytocin Physiology: The Oxytonic Contraction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145144. [PMID: 32708109 PMCID: PMC7404128 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (Oxt) is a nine amino acid peptide important in energy regulation and is essential to stress-related disorders. Specifically, low Oxt levels are associated with obesity in human subjects and diet-induced or genetically modified animal models. The striking evidence that Oxt is linked to energy regulation is that Oxt- and oxytocin receptor (Oxtr)-deficient mice show a phenotype characterized by late onset obesity. Oxt-/- or Oxtr-/- develop weight gain without increasing food intake, suggesting that a lack of Oxt reduce metabolic rate. Oxt is differentially expressed in skeletal muscle exerting a protective effect toward the slow-twitch muscle after cold stress challenge in mice. We hypothesized that Oxt potentiates the slow-twitch muscle as it does with the uterus, triggering "the oxytonic contractions". Physiologically, this is important to augment muscle strength in fight/flight response and is consistent with the augmented energetic need at time of labor and for the protection of the offspring when Oxt secretion spikes. The normophagic obesity of Oxt-/- or Oxtr-/- mice could have been caused by decreased skeletal muscle tonicity which drove the metabolic phenotype. In this review, we summarized our findings together with the recent literature on this fascinating subjects in a "new oxytonic perspective" over the physicology of Oxt.
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Taş D, Akman Öden A, Akgül S, Metin ZE, Pınar A, Kanbur N. The Effect of Pubertal Stage on the Concentrations of the Novel Adipomyokine, Irisin, in Male Adolescents. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 12:168-174. [PMID: 31514491 PMCID: PMC7291403 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Irisin is a recently discovered protein and is defined as an adipomyokine. The relation of irisin with carbohydrate metabolism and other hormone parameters have been investigated. However, studies evaluating the relationship between irisin and puberty are limited and inconclusive. The aim was to evaluate serum concentrations of irisin during different pubertal stages in male adolescents. METHODS The study included normal weight pubertal male adolescents between the ages of 136/12-1411/12 who had entered puberty. Fasting serum irisin concentrations were evaluated, and bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure body fat ratio (BFR) and fat-free mass (FFM). BFR was also calculated by caliper measurement of subcutaneous fat at the triceps. RESULTS Sixty-eight adolescents were enrolled. The number of adolescents in pubertal stage 2, 3, 4 and 5 were n=17 (25%), n=13 (19.1%), n=21 (30.1%) and n=17 (25%), respectively. The median values of the irisin are 8.80, 8.20, 9.15 and 7.24 ng/mL according to the 2-5 pubertal stages, respectively. The levels of circulating irisin did not differ according to the pubertal stage. Additionally, there was no significant relationship between irisin levels and body fat percentage or FFM. CONCLUSION Irisin levels do not differ after the onset of puberty or with progressing pubertal maturation. This study strengthens the evidence that there is no change in irisin concentration as puberty progresses. This may have important implications when using this adipomyokine in the future for diagnosis or treatment of obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demet Taş
- University of Health Sciences Turkey Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alkım Akman Öden
- University of Health Sciences Turkey Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinem Akgül
- Hacettepe İhsan Doğramacı Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ziya E. Metin
- University of Health Sciences Turkey Child Health and Diseases Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslı Pınar
- Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nuray Kanbur
- Hacettepe İhsan Doğramacı Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Ankara, Turkey,* Address for Correspondence: Hacettepe İhsan Doğramacı Children’s Hospital, Clinic of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 305 11 60 E-mail:
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McCormack SE, Blevins JE, Lawson EA. Metabolic Effects of Oxytocin. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5658523. [PMID: 31803919 PMCID: PMC7012298 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is growing evidence that oxytocin (OXT), a hypothalamic hormone well recognized for its effects in inducing parturition and lactation, has important metabolic effects in both sexes. The purpose of this review is to summarize the physiologic effects of OXT on metabolism and to explore its therapeutic potential for metabolic disorders. In model systems, OXT promotes weight loss by decreasing energy intake. Pair-feeding studies suggest that OXT-induced weight loss may also be partly due to increased energy expenditure and/or lipolysis. In humans, OXT appears to modulate both homeostatic and reward-driven food intake, although the observed response depends on nutrient milieu (eg, obese vs. nonobese), clinical characteristics (eg, sex), and experimental paradigm. In animal models, OXT is anabolic to muscle and bone, which is consistent with OXT-induced weight loss occurring primarily via fat loss. In some human observational studies, circulating OXT concentrations are also positively associated with lean mass and bone mineral density. The impact of exogenous OXT on human obesity is the focus of ongoing investigation. Future randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials in humans should include rigorous, standardized, and detailed assessments of adherence, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, and efficacy in the diverse populations that may benefit from OXT, in particular those in whom hypothalamic OXT signaling may be abnormal or impaired (eg, individuals with Sim1 deficiency, Prader-Willi syndrome, or craniopharyngioma). Future studies will also have the opportunity to investigate the characteristics of new OXT mimetic peptides and the obligation to consider long-term effects, especially when OXT is given to children and adolescents. (Endocrine Reviews XX: XX - XX, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana E McCormack
- Neuroendocrine Center, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James E Blevins
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, Washington.,Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Lawson EA, Olszewski PK, Weller A, Blevins JE. The role of oxytocin in regulation of appetitive behaviour, body weight and glucose homeostasis. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12805. [PMID: 31657509 PMCID: PMC7186135 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated complications have reached epidemic proportions in the USA and also worldwide, highlighting the need for new and more effective treatments. Although the neuropeptide oxytocin (OXT) is well recognised for its peripheral effects on reproductive behaviour, the release of OXT from somatodendrites and axonal terminals within the central nervous system (CNS) is also implicated in the control of energy balance. In this review, we summarise historical data highlighting the effects of exogenous OXT as a short-term regulator of food intake in a context-specific manner and the receptor populations that may mediate these effects. We also describe what is known about the physiological role of endogenous OXT in the control of energy balance and whether serum and brain levels of OXT relate to obesity on a consistent basis across animal models and humans with obesity. We describe recent data on the effectiveness of chronic CNS administration of OXT to decrease food intake and weight gain or to elicit weight loss in diet-induced obese (DIO) and genetically obese mice and rats. Of clinical importance is the finding that chronic central and peripheral OXT treatments both evoke weight loss in obese animal models with impaired leptin signalling at doses that are not associated with visceral illness, tachyphylaxis or adverse cardiovascular effects. Moreover, these results have been largely recapitulated following chronic s.c. or intranasal treatment in DIO non-human primates (rhesus monkeys) and obese humans, respectively. We also identify plausible mechanisms that contribute to the effects of OXT on body weight and glucose homeostasis in rodents, non-human primates and humans. We conclude by describing the ongoing challenges that remain before OXT-based therapeutics can be used as a long-term strategy to treat obesity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Lawson
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pawel K Olszewski
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Aron Weller
- Psychology Department and Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - James E Blevins
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Safarpour P, Daneshi-Maskooni M, Vafa M, Nourbakhsh M, Janani L, Maddah M, Amiri FS, Mohammadi F, Sadeghi H. Vitamin D supplementation improves SIRT1, Irisin, and glucose indices in overweight or obese type 2 diabetic patients: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2020; 21:26. [PMID: 32033527 PMCID: PMC7007689 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-1096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (VD) may increase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and subsequently PPAR-γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) and irisin levels and these improvements may reduce insulin resistance (IR). The aim was to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation on SIRT1, irisin, and IR in overweight/obese type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. METHODS Ninety T2D males and females were recruited as a clinical trial study (mean of age and body mass index (BMI) of intervention and placebo groups were 50.05 ± 10.17 and 50.36 ± 10.2 yrs. and 31.37 ± 3.4 and 30.43 ± 3.2 kg/m2, respectively). The inclusion criteria were T2D, VD deficient, BMI > 25 kg/m2, and serum HbA1c < 8.5%. The exclusion criteria were using vitamin and mineral supplements, having any acute disease, recent modifying dose or type of drugs. The supplementation was 50,000 IU/week VD or placebo for 8 weeks. The demographic characteristics, anthropometrics, dietary intakes and physical activity status, sun exposure status, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), irisin, SIRT1, 25-hydroxy D3 (25(OH)VD), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were determined. The significant P-value was ≤0.05. RESULTS The increase of serum VD, SIRT1, and irisin in the intervention group was significant (p < 0.001). HbA1c was decreased significantly by 1%. The changes in the other glucose indices (FBS, insulin, and IR) were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS VD supplementation may improve T2D by decreasing HbA1c and increasing SIRT1 and irisin in VD deficient T2D patients. Further trials are suggested. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials, IRCT201604202365N11. Registered 21/08/2016, http://en.irct.ir/trial/2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peivasteh Safarpour
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Daneshi-Maskooni
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mitra Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Maddah
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh-Sadat Amiri
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Mohammadi
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
| | - Homa Sadeghi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Weingarten MFJ, Scholz M, Wohland T, Horn K, Stumvoll M, Kovacs P, Tönjes A. Circulating Oxytocin Is Genetically Determined and Associated With Obesity and Impaired Glucose Tolerance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:5621-5632. [PMID: 31361301 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2019-00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite the emerging evidence on the role of oxytocin (OXT) in metabolic diseases, there is a lack of well-powered studies addressing the relationship of circulating OXT with obesity and diabetes. OBJECTIVES AND DESIGN Here, we measured OXT in a study cohort (n = 721; 396 women, 325 men; mean age ± SD, 47.7 ± 15.2 years) with subphenotypes related to obesity, including anthropometric traits such as body mass index [BMI (mean ± SD), 26.8 ± 4.6 kg/m2], waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; 0.88 ± 0.09), blood parameters (glucose, 5.32 ± 0.50 mmol/L; insulin, 5.3 ± 3.3 µU/mL), and oral glucose tolerance test to clarify the association with OXT. We also tested in a genome-wide association study (GWAS) whether the interindividual variation in OXT serum levels might be explained by genetic variation. RESULTS The OXT concentration was increased in subjects with elevated BMI and positively correlated with WHR, waist circumference, and triglyceride levels. The OXT concentration in subjects with BMI <25 kg/m2 was significantly lower (n = 256; 78.6 pg/mL) than in subjects with a BMI between 25 and 30 kg/m2 (n = 314; 98.5 pg/mL, P = 6 × 10-6) and with BMI >30 kg/m2 (n = 137; 106.4 pg/mL, P = 8 × 10-6). OXT levels were also positively correlated with plasma glucose and insulin and were elevated in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (P = 4.6 × 10-3). Heritability of OXT was estimated at 12.8%. In a GWAS, two hits in linkage disequilibrium close (19 kb) to the OXT reached genome-wide significant association (top-hit rs12625893, P = 3.1 × 10-8, explained variance 3%). CONCLUSIONS Our data show that OXT is genetically affected by a variant near OXT and is associated with obesity and impaired glucose tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tobias Wohland
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katrin Horn
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Center, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB Adiposity Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Association between Irisin, hs-CRP, and Metabolic Status in Children and Adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:6737318. [PMID: 31015797 PMCID: PMC6446111 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6737318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines and the novel myokine irisin, a cleavage product of FNDC5, have been found to play a role in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Irisin has been shown to increase browning of adipose tissue, thermogenesis, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity, yet its association with inflammatory markers is still limited. Circulating irisin has been found to be increased in obesity, while in adult subjects with T2DM decreased levels have been found. However, data establishing the association of circulating irisin in children and adolescents with T2DM has not been described in the literature. The objective of this study was to determine irisin plasma concentration and its association with metabolic and adiposity markers and with hs-CRP, a surrogate marker of inflammation used in clinical practice, in a pediatric population with T2DM. A cross-sample of 40 Mexican children and adolescents aged 7-17 were recruited, 20 diagnosed with T2DM and 20 healthy controls. Plasma irisin levels were found to be lower in the T2DM group compared with controls, which could be attributed to a reduced PGC-1α activity in muscle tissue with a consequent decrease in FNDC5 and irisin expression. Irisin concentration was found to be positively correlated with HDL-c, LDL-c, and total cholesterol, while negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, and triglycerides. However, after multiple regression analysis, only HDL-c correlation remained significant. hs-CRP was higher in the T2DM group and positively associated with adiposity markers, unfavorable lipid profile, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR, but no association with irisin was found. Given the favorable metabolic effects attributed to irisin, the low plasma levels found in children and adolescents with T2DM could exacerbate the inflammatory and metabolic imbalances and the intrinsic cardiovascular risk of this disease. We propose an "irisin-proinflammatory/anti-inflammatory axis" to explain the role of irisin as a metabolic regulator in obesity and T2DM.
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Ciresi A, Pizzolanti G, Guarnotta V, Giordano C. Circulating Irisin Levels in Children With GH Deficiency Before and After 1 Year of GH Treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:801-808. [PMID: 30418584 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate circulating irisin levels in children with GH deficiency (GHD) and any relation with clinical and metabolic parameters. PATIENTS Fifty-four prepubertal children (mean age, 7.4 ± 0.8 years) with idiopathic GHD treated with GH for at least 12 months and 31 healthy short children as control subjects. METHODS Body height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), IGF-I, HbA1c, lipid profile, fasting and after-oral glucose tolerance test glucose and insulin, insulin sensitivity indices, and irisin levels were evaluated at baseline and after 12 months of GH replacement (GHR). RESULTS At baseline, children with GHD, in addition to having lower growth velocity (P < 0.001), GH peak after stimulation tests (both P < 0.001), and IGF-I (P < 0.001), showed significantly lower irisin (P < 0.001) and higher BMI (P < 0.001) and WC (P = 0.001), without any difference in metabolic parameters, than control subjects. After GHR, children with GHD showed a significant increase in height (P < 0.001), growth velocity (P < 0.001), IGF-I (P < 0.001), fasting glucose (P = 0.002) and insulin (P < 0.001), homeostasis model assessment estimate of insulin resistance (P < 0.001), and irisin (P = 0.005), with a concomitant decrease in BMI (P = 0.001) and WC (P = 0.003). In multivariate analysis, the independent variables significantly associated with irisin were BMI (P = 0.002) and GH peak (P = 0.037) at baseline and BMI (P = 0.005), WC (P = 0.018), and IGF-I (P < 0.001) during GHR. CONCLUSIONS We report that GHR leads to an increase in irisin levels, strongly related to a decrease in BMI and WC, and to an increase in IGF-I; these changes are among the main goals of GHR. These data confirm the favorable effects of GHR in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Ciresi
- Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pizzolanti
- Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valentina Guarnotta
- Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carla Giordano
- Section of Endocrinology, Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Brede S, Fehr S, Dalla-Man C, Cobelli C, Lehnert H, Hallschmid M, Klement J. Intranasal oxytocin fails to acutely improve glucose metabolism in obese men. Diabetes Obes Metab 2019; 21:424-428. [PMID: 30203536 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin not only modulates psychosocial function, but also contributes to metabolic regulation. We have recently shown that intranasal oxytocin acutely improves beta-cell responsivity and glucose tolerance in normal-weight men. In the present experiment, we investigated the acute glucoregulatory impact of oxytocin in obese men with impaired insulin sensitivity. Fifteen obese healthy men with an average body mass index of 35 kg/m2 and an average body fat content of 33% received a single intranasal dose (24 IU) of oxytocin before undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test. Results were analysed according to the oral minimal model and compared with our findings in normal-weight participants. In contrast to the results in normal-weight subjects, oxytocin did not blunt postprandial glucose and insulin excursions in obese men, and moreover failed to enhance beta-cell responsivity and glucose tolerance. These results indicate that pronounced obesity may be associated with a certain degree of resistance to the glucoregulatory impact of exogenous oxytocin, and underlines the need for further investigations into the potential of oxytocin to improve glucose homeostasis in the clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swantje Brede
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fehr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Chiara Dalla-Man
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Cobelli
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Hendrik Lehnert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioural Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Klement
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Gonzalez-Gil AM, Peschard-Franco M, Castillo EC, Gutierrez-DelBosque G, Treviño V, Silva-Platas C, Perez-Villarreal L, Garcia-Rivas G, Elizondo-Montemayor L. Myokine-adipokine cross-talk: potential mechanisms for the association between plasma irisin and adipokines and cardiometabolic risk factors in Mexican children with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:63. [PMID: 31404407 PMCID: PMC6683550 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipokines and the myokine irisin, involved in mechanisms associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS), are understudied in the pediatric population. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between irisin, and leptin, resistin, adiponectin, adipsin, anthropometric and cardiovascular risk factors in Mexican children. METHODS A cross-sample of 126 Mexican children aged 6-12 years old were classified as normal weight (n = 46), obese (n = 40), and MS (n = 40) according to CDC's and Cook's age-modified criteria for obesity and MS. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were determined and percentiles calculated for age and gender. Irisin, leptin, adiponectin, adipsin, resistin, triglycerides, glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels, and physical activity were determined. Statistical tests for differences between groups, correlation, and multiple regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Irisin plasma levels were significantly lower in the obese (6.08 [4.68-6.65]) and MS groups (6.46 [5.74-7.02]) compared with the normal-weight group (8.05 [7.24-8.94]) (p < 0.001). Irisin levels were not influenced by age or gender, but significant dispersion was observed in obese girls (95% CI median [2.29-6.30]). Leptin, resistin, and adipsin levels were significantly increased in the obese and MS groups. Lean-fat ratio was significantly higher in the NW group. Irisin correlated negatively with leptin (- 0.310), resistin (- 0.389), adipsin (- 0.362), BMI% (-0.472), WC% (- 0.453), BMI z-score (- 0.496), fat free mass (- 0.257), fat percentage (- 0.532), fat mass (- 0.515), triglycerides (- 0.291), the number of cardiometabolic risk factors (- 0.443) (p < 0.001); positively with lean-fat ratio (0.489) and HDL-c (0.328) (p < 0.001) and none with physical activity (p < 0.001). Following stepwise multiple linear regression analysis, the lean-fat ratio was the only determinant of irisin levels (B = 1.168, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Lean-fat ratio, more than the absolute amount of muscle or fat mass, as well as potential myokine-adipokine cross-talk mechanisms may explain the lower irisin levels in children with obesity and MS, through blunted compensatory responses interfering with tissue-dependent irisin secretion, contributing to a continuous deleterious effect cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Gonzalez-Gil
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Mariana Peschard-Franco
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Elena C. Castillo
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 66278 San Pedro Garza Garcia, P.C. Mexico
| | - Gustavo Gutierrez-DelBosque
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Victor Treviño
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Christian Silva-Platas
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 66278 San Pedro Garza Garcia, P.C. Mexico
| | - Luisa Perez-Villarreal
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Rivas
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 66278 San Pedro Garza Garcia, P.C. Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, 64710 Monterrey, N.L. Mexico
- Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 66278 San Pedro Garza Garcia, P.C. Mexico
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29
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Ding C, Leow MKS, Magkos F. Oxytocin in metabolic homeostasis: implications for obesity and diabetes management. Obes Rev 2019; 20:22-40. [PMID: 30253045 PMCID: PMC7888317 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin was once understood solely as a neuropeptide with a central role in social bonding, reproduction, parturition, lactation and appetite regulation. Recent evidence indicates that oxytocin enhances glucose uptake and lipid utilization in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, suggesting that dysfunction of the oxytocin system could underlie the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. Murine studies revealed that deficiencies in oxytocin signalling and oxytocin receptor expression lead to obesity despite normal food intake, motor activity and increased leptin levels. In addition, plasma oxytocin concentration is notably lower in obese individuals with diabetes, which may suggest an involvement of the oxytocin system in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease. More recently, small scale studies demonstrated that intranasal administration of oxytocin was associated with significant weight loss as well as improvements in insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell responsivity in human subjects. The multi-pronged effects of oxytocin signalling on improving peripheral insulin sensitivity, pancreatic function and lipid homeostasis strongly suggest a role for this system as a therapeutic target in obesity and diabetes management. The complexity of obesity aetiology and the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic complications underscore the need for a systems approach to better understand the role of oxytocin in metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ding
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - M K-S Leow
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - F Magkos
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) and National University Health System, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore
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30
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Elizondo-Montemayor L, Mendoza-Lara G, Gutierrez-DelBosque G, Peschard-Franco M, Nieblas B, Garcia-Rivas G. Relationship of Circulating Irisin with Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders in the Pediatric Population. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123727. [PMID: 30477139 PMCID: PMC6321121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced irisin, a recently discovered myokine, has been linked to insulin resistance, obesity, and other diseases in adults; however, information in children is scarce and contradictory. We analyzed the limited evidence of irisin’s effects in children and adolescents, and its association with body composition, exercise training, cardiovascular risk factors, and metabolic diseases, as well as the results of dietetic interventions. Both positive and negative correlations between irisin concentrations and body mass index, fat mass, fat-free mass, and other anthropometric parameters were found. Likewise, contradictory evidence was shown associating irisin plasma levels with cardiovascular and metabolic parameters such as glucose, insulin resistance, and cholesterol and other lipid and fatty acid plasma levels in healthy children, as well as in those with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Gender, puberty, and hormonal differences were also examined. Furthermore, important contradictory findings according to the type and duration of exercise and of dietetic interventions in healthy and unhealthy subjects were demonstrated. In addition, correlations between mother–infant relations and circulating irisin were also identified. This review discusses the potential role of irisin in health and disease in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza Garcia P.C. 66278, Mexico.
| | - Gerardo Mendoza-Lara
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo Gutierrez-DelBosque
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
| | - Mariana Peschard-Franco
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
| | - Bianca Nieblas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
| | - Gerardo Garcia-Rivas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico.
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza Garcia P.C. 66278, Mexico.
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31
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De Meneck F, Victorino de Souza L, Oliveira V, do Franco MC. High irisin levels in overweight/obese children and its positive correlation with metabolic profile, blood pressure, and endothelial progenitor cells. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2018; 28:756-764. [PMID: 29858156 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Irisin is involved in the compensatory mechanisms for metabolic regulation and appears to be associated with glucose homeostasis and lipid profile. However, it's possible implications on obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications have not been completely elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between irisin level and anthropometric data, metabolic parameters, blood pressure, and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) level among children with overweight/obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 24 children with overweight/obesity (9 girls and 15 boys) and 63 children with normal weight (25 girls and 38 boys). The anthropometric data, blood pressure, blood biochemistry, EPCs and irisin levels were evaluated. Children with overweight/obesity had significantly higher circulating irisin and EPCs levels than those with normal weight (P < 0.001). Additionally, we found that irisin level was positively correlated with BMI (rho = 0.407), waist circumference (rho = 0.449), triglycerides (rho = .334), glucose (rho = 0.226), insulin (rho = 0.533), HOMA (rho = 0.545), and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol level (rho = -0.218). Importantly, we also found that irisin levels were significantly correlated with systolic (rho = 0.420), diastolic (rho = 0.331) blood pressure and circulating EPCs level (rho = 0.391). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that overweight/obese children had elevated circulating levels of both irisin and EPCs and address the gap in the literature with regard to the understanding of the implications of irisin on obesity-related cardiometabolic complications among these children and also highlight the possible involvement of irisin regulation on insulin resistance and endothelial function in childhood overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F De Meneck
- Division of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Victorino de Souza
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Oliveira
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C do Franco
- Division of Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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32
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Schaalan MF, Ramadan BK, Abd Elwahab AH. Synergistic effect of carnosine on browning of adipose tissue in exercised obese rats; a focus on circulating irisin levels. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5044-5057. [PMID: 29236301 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The recent appreciation of the energy burning capacity of brown adipose tissue turns it to an attractive target for anti-obesity therapy. We sought to evaluate the effect of L-carnosine on browning of white adipose tissue in exercised obese rats. Sixty adult male Wistar albino rats, 7-8 week-old weighing 130-150 g, were allocated into six groups; with 10 rats in each, for an experimentation period of 12 weeks: (i) normal control rats fed a standard fat diet (SFD/control), (ii) normal control rats fed a standard diet and injected with L-carnosine (250 mg/kg, i.p,) for 6 weeks (SFD/CAR), (iii) high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats for 12 weeks, (iv) HFD rats subjected to exercise training (HFD/EXE) for 6 weeks, (v) HFD rats injected with L-carnosine (250 mg/kg,i.p.) for 6 weeks (HFD/CAR) and, (vi) HFD rats subjected to exercise training and L-carnosine (HFD/EXE/CAR). At the end of the 12-week-experiment, the body weights and the serum levels of lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers as well as circulating myokines were investigated. Gastrocnemius muscles and inguinal adipose tissues were excised for the measurement of gene expression of muscle irisin, adipose tissue uncoupling protein1 (UCP1), CD137 and the protein level of p38MAPK. In addition, histopathological examination for the studied groups was performed. Both exercise training for 6 weeks and carnosine treatment significantly decreased body weight gain, ameliorated obesity-induced dyslipidemia, reduced the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and TNF-α, while increased total antioxidant capacity and IL-10. Furthermore, increases in serum irisin levels and the expression of adipose uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), adipose CD137, p38 MAPK, and muscular fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5), the precursor of irisin gene expression, were correlated with these carnosine- and exercise-induced physiological improvements. The highest improvement was evident in the combined exercise and carnosine group which indicates that their beneficial effects in obese animals were synergistic. These findings suggest that L-carnosine may induce browning of adipose tissue through irisin stimulation, a phenomenon that could be related to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F Schaalan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma K Ramadan
- Faculty of Medicine for Girls (Cairo), Department of Physiology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza H Abd Elwahab
- Faculty of Medicine for Girls (Cairo), Department of Physiology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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