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Altamura MM, Piacentini D, Della Rovere F, Fattorini L, Valletta A, Falasca G. Plastid dynamism integrates development and environment. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108813. [PMID: 38861821 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
In land plants plastid type differentiation occurs concomitantly with cellular differentiation and the transition from one type to another is under developmental and environmental control. Plastid dynamism is based on a bilateral communication between plastids and nucleus through anterograde and retrograde signaling. Signaling occurs through the interaction with specific phytohormones (abscisic acid, strigolactones, jasmonates, gibberellins, brassinosteroids, ethylene, salicylic acid, cytokinin and auxin). The review is focused on the modulation of plastid capabilities at both transcriptional and post-translational levels at the crossroad between development and stress, with a particular attention to the chloroplast, because the most studied plastid type. The role of plastid-encoded and nuclear-encoded proteins for plastid development and stress responses, and the changes of plastid fate through the activity of stromules and plastoglobules, are discussed. Examples of plastid dynamism in response to soil stress agents (salinity, lead, cadmium, arsenic, and chromium) are described. Albinism and root greening are described based on the modulation activities of auxin and cytokinin. The physiological and functional responses of the sensory epidermal and vascular plastids to abiotic and biotic stresses along with their specific roles in stress sensing are described together with their potential modulation of retrograde signaling pathways. Future research perspectives include an in-depth study of sensory plastids to explore their potential for establishing a transgenerational memory to stress. Suggestions about anterograde and retrograde pathways acting at interspecific level and on the lipids of plastoglobules as a novel class of plastid morphogenic agents are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Piacentini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Fattorini
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Valletta
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Kanwal B, Tanwir S, Ahmad F, Ahmad JN. Jasmonic Acid and Salicylic Acid improved resistance against Spodoptera frugiperda Infestation in maize by modulating growth and regulating redox homeostasis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16823. [PMID: 39039220 PMCID: PMC11263373 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring host plant resistance and elevating plant defense mechanisms through the application of exogenous elicitors stands as a promising strategy for integrated pest management. The fall armyworm, a pernicious menace to grain crops in tropical and subtropical regions, stands as a formidable threat due to its capacity for devastation and a wide-ranging spectrum of host plants. There is no literature regarding artificially induced resistance in maize against fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) by exogenous application of phytohormones. The present investigation was performed to evaluate the role of jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) on two maize hybrids namely FH-1046 and YH-1898 against fall armyworm. Results showed that plant height, biomass and lengths, fresh and dry weight of root shoot which decreased with armyworm infestation improved with phytohormonal application. JA treatment resulted in a higher increase in all attributes as compared to SA treatment. Improvement in relative water contents, photosynthetic pigments and pronounced levels of phenol and proline accumulation were observed in infested plants after JA treatment. Infested plants recovered from oxidative stress as JA application activated and increased the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase activity in both FH-1046 and YH-1898 . The oxidative stress reduction in infested plants after JA treatment was also evident from a fair decrease in MDA and H2O2 in both varieties. The SA and JA mediated genes expression was studied and it was found that in FH1046 maize cultivar, JA dependent genes, particularly marker genes PR1 and Lox5 were highly expressed along with TPS10 and BBT12. Whereas SPI, WRKY28, ICS and PAL were shown to be activated upon SA application. Evidently, both JA and SA elicited a robust defensive response within the maize plants against the voracious S. frugiperda, which in consequence exerted a discernible influence over the pest's developmental trajectory and physiological dynamics. A decrease in detoxification enzyme activity of the insects was observed after feeding on treated plants. Moreover, it was recorded that the survival and weight gain of FAW feeding on phytohormone treated maize plants also decelerated. In conclusion, FH-1046 was found to be more tolerant than YH-1898 against fall armyworm infestation and 1 mM JA was more effective than 1 mM SA for alleviation of fall armyworm stress. Therefore, it was inferred that phytohormones regulated redox homeostasis to circumvent oxidative damage and mediate essential metabolic events in maize under stress. To our current understanding, this study is the very first presentation of induced resistance in maize against S. frugiperda with the phytohormonal application (JA and SA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilqees Kanwal
- Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Samina Tanwir
- Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Plant Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jam Nazeer Ahmad
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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3
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Li J, Lardon R, Mangelinckx S, Geelen D. A practical guide to the discovery of biomolecules with biostimulant activity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:3797-3817. [PMID: 38630561 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable solutions in agriculture, which are critical for crop productivity and food quality in the face of climate change and the need to reduce agrochemical usage, has brought biostimulants into the spotlight as valuable tools for regenerative agriculture. With their diverse biological activities, biostimulants can contribute to crop growth, nutrient use efficiency, and abiotic stress resilience, as well as to the restoration of soil health. Biomolecules include humic substances, protein lysates, phenolics, and carbohydrates have undergone thorough investigation because of their demonstrated biostimulant activities. Here, we review the process of the discovery and development of extract-based biostimulants, and propose a practical step-by-step pipeline that starts with initial identification of biomolecules, followed by extraction and isolation, determination of bioactivity, identification of active compound(s), elucidation of mechanisms, formulation, and assessment of effectiveness. The different steps generate a roadmap that aims to expedite the transfer of interdisciplinary knowledge from laboratory-scale studies to pilot-scale production in practical scenarios that are aligned with the prevailing regulatory frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- HortiCell, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Robin Lardon
- HortiCell, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- SynBioC, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Danny Geelen
- HortiCell, Department Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Yong S, Chen Q, Xu F, Fu H, Liang G, Guo Q. Exploring the interplay between angiosperm chlorophyll metabolism and environmental factors. PLANTA 2024; 260:25. [PMID: 38861219 PMCID: PMC11166782 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION In this review, we summarize how chlorophyll metabolism in angiosperm is affected by the environmental factors: light, temperature, metal ions, water, oxygen, and altitude. The significance of chlorophyll (Chl) in plant leaf morphogenesis and photosynthesis cannot be overstated. Over time, researchers have made significant advancements in comprehending the biosynthetic pathway of Chl in angiosperms, along with the pivotal enzymes and genes involved in this process, particularly those related to heme synthesis and light-responsive mechanisms. Various environmental factors influence the stability of Chl content in angiosperms by modulating Chl metabolic pathways. Understanding the interplay between plants Chl metabolism and environmental factors has been a prominent research topic. This review mainly focuses on angiosperms, provides an overview of the regulatory mechanisms governing Chl metabolism, and the impact of environmental factors such as light, temperature, metal ions (iron and magnesium), water, oxygen, and altitude on Chl metabolism. Understanding these effects is crucial for comprehending and preserving the homeostasis of Chl metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyuan Yong
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Xu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, People's Republic of China.
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Hou X, Alagoz Y, Welsch R, Mortimer MD, Pogson BJ, Cazzonelli CI. Reducing PHYTOENE SYNTHASE activity fine-tunes the abundance of a cis-carotene-derived signal that regulates the PIF3/HY5 module and plastid biogenesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1187-1204. [PMID: 37948577 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
PHYTOENE SYNTHASE (PSY) is a rate-limiting enzyme catalysing the first committed step of carotenoid biosynthesis, and changes in PSY gene expression and/or protein activity alter carotenoid composition and plastid differentiation in plants. Four genetic variants of PSY (psy-4, psy-90, psy-130, and psy-145) were identified using a forward genetics approach that rescued leaf virescence phenotypes and plastid abnormalities displayed by the Arabidopsis CAROTENOID ISOMERASE (CRTISO) mutant ccr2 (carotenoid and chloroplast regulation 2) when grown under a shorter photoperiod. The four non-lethal mutations affected alternative splicing, enzyme-substrate interactions, and PSY:ORANGE multi-enzyme complex binding, constituting the dynamic post-transcriptional fine-tuning of PSY levels and activity without changing localization to the stroma and protothylakoid membranes. psy genetic variants did not alter total xanthophyll or β-carotene accumulation in ccr2, yet they reduced specific acyclic linear cis-carotenes linked to the biosynthesis of a currently unidentified apocarotenoid signal regulating plastid biogenesis, chlorophyll biosynthesis, and photomorphogenic regulation. ccr2 psy variants modulated the PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 3/ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (PIF3/HY5) ratio, and displayed a normal prolamellar body formation in etioplasts and chlorophyll accumulation during seedling photomorphogenesis. Thus, suppressing PSY activity and impairing PSY:ORANGE protein interactions revealed how cis-carotene abundance can be fine-tuned through holoenzyme-metabolon interactions to control plastid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hou
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yagiz Alagoz
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Ralf Welsch
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthew D Mortimer
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Barry J Pogson
- ARC Training Centre for Accelerated Future Crops Development, Research School of Biology, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
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6
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McQuinn RP, Waters MT. Apocarotenoid signals in plant development and beyond. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1131-1133. [PMID: 38345556 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P McQuinn
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia
| | - Mark T Waters
- School of Molecular Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
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Tolnai Z, Sharma H, Soós V. D27-like carotenoid isomerases: at the crossroads of strigolactone and abscisic acid biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1148-1158. [PMID: 38006582 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones and abscisic acid (ABA) are apocarotenoid-derived plant hormones. Their biosynthesis starts with the conversion of trans-carotenes into cis forms, which serve as direct precursors. Iron-containing DWARF27 isomerases were shown to catalyse or contribute to the trans/cis conversions of these precursor molecules. D27 converts trans-β-carotene into 9-cis-β-carotene, which is the first committed step in strigolactone biosynthesis. Recent studies found that its paralogue, D27-LIKE1, also catalyses this conversion. A crucial step in ABA biosynthesis is the oxidative cleavage of 9-cis-violaxanthin and/or 9-cis-neoxanthin, which are formed from their trans isomers by unknown isomerases. Several lines of evidence point out that D27-like proteins directly or indirectly contribute to 9-cis-violaxanthin conversion, and eventually ABA biosynthesis. Apparently, the diversity of D27-like enzymatic activity is essential for the optimization of cis/trans ratios, and hence act to maintain apocarotenoid precursor pools. In this review, we discuss the functional divergence and redundancy of D27 paralogues and their potential direct contribution to ABA precursor biosynthesis. We provide updates on their gene expression regulation and alleged Fe-S cluster binding feature. Finally, we conclude that the functional divergence of these paralogues is not fully understood and we provide an outlook on potential directions in research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Tolnai
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Himani Sharma
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
| | - Vilmos Soós
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2462 Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
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Telegina TA, Vechtomova YL, Aybush AV, Buglak AA, Kritsky MS. Isomerization of carotenoids in photosynthesis and metabolic adaptation. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:887-906. [PMID: 37974987 PMCID: PMC10643480 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In nature, carotenoids are present as trans- and cis-isomers. Various physical and chemical factors like light, heat, acids, catalytic agents, and photosensitizers can contribute to the isomerization of carotenoids. Living organisms in the process of evolution have developed different mechanisms of adaptation to light stress, which can also involve isomeric forms of carotenoids. Particularly, light stress conditions can enhance isomerization processes. The purpose of this work is to review the recent studies on cis/trans isomerization of carotenoids as well as the role of carotenoid isomers for the light capture, energy transfer, photoprotection in light-harvesting complexes, and reaction centers of the photosynthetic apparatus of plants and other photosynthetic organisms. The review also presents recent studies of carotenoid isomers for the biomedical aspects, showing cis- and trans-isomers differ in bioavailability, antioxidant activity and biological activity, which can be used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Telegina
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Building 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuliya L. Vechtomova
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Building 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. V. Aybush
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Kosygina Street, Building 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A. A. Buglak
- Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Emb., 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. S. Kritsky
- Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninsky Prospect, Building 2, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Yoo HJ, Chung MY, Lee HA, Lee SB, Grandillo S, Giovannoni JJ, Lee JM. Natural overexpression of CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 4 in tomato alters carotenoid flux. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1289-1306. [PMID: 36715630 PMCID: PMC10231392 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids and apocarotenoids function as pigments and flavor volatiles in plants that enhance consumer appeal and offer health benefits. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum.) fruit, especially those of wild species, exhibit a high degree of natural variation in carotenoid and apocarotenoid contents. Using positional cloning and an introgression line (IL) of Solanum habrochaites "LA1777', IL8A, we identified carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (CCD4) as the factor responsible for controlling the dark orange fruit color. CCD4b expression in ripe fruit of IL8A plants was ∼8,000 times greater than that in the wild type, presumably due to 5' cis-regulatory changes. The ShCCD4b-GFP fusion protein localized in the plastid. Phytoene, ζ-carotene, and neurosporene levels increased in ShCCD4b-overexpressing ripe fruit, whereas trans-lycopene, β-carotene, and lutein levels were reduced, suggestive of feedback regulation in the carotenoid pathway by an unknown apocarotenoid. Solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis showed increased levels of geranylacetone and β-ionone in ShCCD4b-overexpressing ripe fruit coupled with a β-cyclocitral deficiency. In carotenoid-accumulating Escherichia coli strains, ShCCD4b cleaved both ζ-carotene and β-carotene at the C9-C10 (C9'-C10') positions to produce geranylacetone and β-ionone, respectively. Exogenous β-cyclocitral decreased carotenoid synthesis in the ripening fruit of tomato and pepper (Capsicum annuum), suggesting feedback inhibition in the pathway. Our findings will be helpful for enhancing the aesthetic and nutritional value of tomato and for understanding the complex regulatory mechanisms of carotenoid and apocarotenoid biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Ju Yoo
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Chung
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ah Lee
- Division of Eco-Friendly Horticulture, Yonam College, Cheonan 31005, Korea
| | - Soo-Bin Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Silvana Grandillo
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - James J Giovannoni
- Boyce Thompson Institute and USDA-ARS Robert W. Holley Center, Tower Rd., Cornell University Campus, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Je Min Lee
- Department of Horticultural Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
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McQuinn RP, Leroux J, Sierra J, Escobar-Tovar L, Frusciante S, Finnegan EJ, Diretto G, Giuliano G, Giovannoni JJ, León P, Pogson BJ. Deregulation of ζ-carotene desaturase in Arabidopsis and tomato exposes a unique carotenoid-derived redundant regulation of floral meristem identity and function. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:783-804. [PMID: 36861314 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A level of redundancy and interplay among the transcriptional regulators of floral development safeguards a plant's reproductive success and ensures crop production. In the present study, an additional layer of complexity in the regulation of floral meristem (FM) identity and flower development is elucidated linking carotenoid biosynthesis and metabolism to the regulation of determinate flowering. The accumulation and subsequent cleavage of a diverse array of ζ-carotenes in the chloroplast biogenesis 5 (clb5) mutant of Arabidopsis results in the reprogramming of meristematic gene regulatory networks establishing FM identity mirroring that of the FM identity master regulator, APETALA1 (AP1). The immediate transition to floral development in clb5 requires long photoperiods in a GIGANTEA-independent manner, whereas AP1 is essential for the floral organ development of clb5. The elucidation of this link between carotenoid metabolism and floral development translates to tomato exposing a regulation of FM identity redundant to and initiated by AP1 and proposed to be dependent on the E class floral initiation and organ identity regulator, SEPALLATA3 (SEP3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P McQuinn
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Julie Leroux
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Julio Sierra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Lina Escobar-Tovar
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Sarah Frusciante
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, 00196, Italy
| | | | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, 00196, Italy
| | - Giovanni Giuliano
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development (ENEA), Casaccia Research Center, Rome, 00196, Italy
| | - James J Giovannoni
- US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Patricia León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, 62210, Mexico
| | - Barry J Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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11
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Sierra J, Escobar-Tovar L, Leon P. Plastids: diving into their diversity, their functions, and their role in plant development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2508-2526. [PMID: 36738278 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are a group of essential, heterogenous semi-autonomous organelles characteristic of plants that perform photosynthesis and a diversity of metabolic pathways that impact growth and development. Plastids are remarkably dynamic and can interconvert in response to specific developmental and environmental cues, functioning as a central metabolic hub in plant cells. By far the best studied plastid is the chloroplast, but in recent years the combination of modern techniques and genetic analyses has expanded our current understanding of plastid morphological and functional diversity in both model and non-model plants. These studies have provided evidence of an unexpected diversity of plastid subtypes with specific characteristics. In this review, we describe recent findings that provide insights into the characteristics of these specialized plastids and their functions. We concentrate on the emerging evidence that supports the model that signals derived from particular plastid types play pivotal roles in plant development, environmental, and defense responses. Furthermore, we provide examples of how new technologies are illuminating the functions of these specialized plastids and the overall complexity of their differentiation processes. Finally, we discuss future research directions such as the use of ectopic plastid differentiation as a valuable tool to characterize factors involved in plastid differentiation. Collectively, we highlight important advances in the field that can also impact future agricultural and biotechnological improvement in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Sierra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, México
| | - Lina Escobar-Tovar
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, México
| | - Patricia Leon
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, México
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Sierra J, McQuinn RP, Leon P. The role of carotenoids as a source of retrograde signals: impact on plant development and stress responses. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:7139-7154. [PMID: 35776102 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Communication from plastids to the nucleus via retrograde signal cascades is essential to modulate nuclear gene expression, impacting plant development and environmental responses. Recently, a new class of plastid retrograde signals has emerged, consisting of acyclic and cyclic carotenoids and/or their degradation products, apocarotenoids. Although the biochemical identity of many of the apocarotenoid signals is still under current investigation, the examples described herein demonstrate the central roles that these carotenoid-derived signals play in ensuring plant development and survival. We present recent advances in the discovery of apocarotenoid signals and their role in various plant developmental transitions and environmental stress responses. Moreover, we highlight the emerging data exposing the highly complex signal transduction pathways underlying plastid to nucleus apocarotenoid retrograde signaling cascades. Altogether, this review summarizes the central role of the carotenoid pathway as a major source of retrograde signals in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Sierra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad, Ciudada de México, México
| | - Ryan P McQuinn
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia Leon
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad, Ciudada de México, México
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Li Y, Jian Y, Mao Y, Meng F, Shao Z, Wang T, Zheng J, Wang Q, Liu L. "Omics" insights into plastid behavior toward improved carotenoid accumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1001756. [PMID: 36275568 PMCID: PMC9583013 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plastids are a group of diverse organelles with conserved carotenoids synthesizing and sequestering functions in plants. They optimize the carotenoid composition and content in response to developmental transitions and environmental stimuli. In this review, we describe the turbulence and reforming of transcripts, proteins, and metabolic pathways for carotenoid metabolism and storage in various plastid types upon organogenesis and external influences, which have been studied using approaches including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabonomics. Meanwhile, the coordination of plastid signaling and carotenoid metabolism including the effects of disturbed carotenoid biosynthesis on plastid morphology and function are also discussed. The "omics" insight extends our understanding of the interaction between plastids and carotenoids and provides significant implications for designing strategies for carotenoid-biofortified crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Jian
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tonglin Wang
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jirong Zheng
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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López-Jiménez AJ, Morote L, Niza E, Mondéjar M, Rubio-Moraga Á, Diretto G, Ahrazem O, Gómez-Gómez L. Subfunctionalization of D27 Isomerase Genes in Saffron. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810543. [PMID: 36142456 PMCID: PMC9504799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromoplasts and chloroplasts contain carotenoid pigments as all-trans- and cis-isomers, which function as accessory light-harvesting pigments, antioxidant and photoprotective agents, and precursors of signaling molecules and plant hormones. The carotenoid pathway involves the participation of different carotenoid isomerases. Among them, D27 is a β-carotene isomerase showing high specificity for the C9-C10 double bond catalyzing the interconversion of all-trans- into 9-cis-β-carotene, the precursor of strigolactones. We have identified one D27 (CsD27-1) and two D27-like (CsD27-2 and CsD27-3) genes in saffron, with CsD27-1 and CsD27-3, clearly differing in their expression patterns; specifically, CsD27-1 was mainly expressed in the undeveloped stigma and roots, where it is induced by Rhizobium colonization. On the contrary, CsD27-2 and CsD27-3 were mainly expressed in leaves, with a preferential expression of CsD27-3 in this tissue. In vivo assays show that CsD27-1 catalyzes the isomerization of all-trans- to 9-cis-β-carotene, and could be involved in the isomerization of zeaxanthin, while CsD27-3 catalyzes the isomerization of all-trans- to cis-ζ-carotene and all-trans- to cis-neurosporene. Our data show that CsD27-1 and CsD27-3 enzymes are both involved in carotenoid isomerization, with CsD27-1 being specific to chromoplast/amyloplast-containing tissue, and CsD27-3 more specific to chloroplast-containing tissues. Additionally, we show that CsD27-1 is co-expressed with CCD7 and CCD8 mycorrhized roots, whereas CsD27-3 is expressed at higher levels than CRTISO and Z-ISO and showed circadian regulation in leaves. Overall, our data extend the knowledge about carotenoid isomerization and their implications in several physiological and ecological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto José López-Jiménez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Grado de Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Lucía Morote
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Enrique Niza
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - María Mondéjar
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Ángela Rubio-Moraga
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Grado de Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research Centre, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos y Montes, Grado de Biotecnología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Instituto Botánico, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agroforestal y Genética, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Sun Y, Xin Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Liu R, Li X, Zhou C, Zhang L, Han J. Enhancement of violaxanthin accumulation in Nannochloropsis oceanica by overexpressing a carotenoid isomerase gene from Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:942883. [PMID: 36118188 PMCID: PMC9471142 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.942883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nannochloropsis has been considered as a promising feedstock for the industrial production of violaxanthin. However, a rational breeding strategy for the enhancement of violaxanthin content in this microalga is still vacant, thereby limiting its industrial application. All-trans-lycopene locates in the first branch point of carotenogenesis. The carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO), catalyzing the lycopene formation, is thus regarded as a key enzyme for carotenogenesis. Phaeodactylum tricornutum can accumulate high-level carotenoids under optimal conditions. Therefore, it is feasible to improve violaxanthin level in Nannochloropsis by overexpression of PtCRTISO. Protein targeting analysis of seven PtCRTISO candidates (PtCRTISO1–6 and PtCRTISO-like) demonstrated that PtCRTISO4 was most likely the carotenoid isomerase of P. tricornutum. Moreover, the transcriptional pattern of PtCRTISO4 at different cultivation periods was quite similar to other known carotenogenesis genes. Thus, PtCRTISO4 was transformed into N. oceanica. Compared to the wild type (WT), all three transgenic lines (T1–T3) of N. oceanica exhibited higher levels of total carotenoid and violaxanthin. Notably, T3 exhibited the peak violaxanthin content of 4.48 mg g–1 dry cell weight (DCW), which was 1.68-folds higher than WT. Interestingly, qRT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results demonstrated that phytoene synthase (NoPSY) rather than ζ-carotene desaturase (NoZDS) and lycopene β-cyclase (NoLCYB) exhibited the highest upregulation, suggesting that PtCRTISO4 played an additional regulatory role in terms of carotenoid accumulation. Moreover, PtCRTISO4 overexpression increased C18:1n-9 but decreased C16:1n-7, implying that C18:1 may serve as a main feedstock for xanthophyll esterification in Nannochloropsis. Our results will provide valuable information for the violaxanthin production from Nannochloropsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yi Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in the South China Sea, College of Oceanology, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ruolan Liu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Chengxu Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education of China, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Zhang,
| | - Jichang Han
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Jichang Han,
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16
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Light regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis via ELIP1 during the storage of Chinese cabbage. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11098. [PMID: 35773334 PMCID: PMC9247097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyll loss is a major problem during green vegetable storage. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, a 21 days of storage experiments showed chlorophyll content was higher in light-stored Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) leaves than those in dark-stored samples. Transcriptome analyses were performed on these samples to determine the effects of light. Among 311 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), early light-induced protein 1 (ELIP1) was identified as the main control gene for chlorophyll synthesis. Tissues and subcellular localization indicated that ELIP1 was localized in the nucleus. Motifs structure analyses, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, luciferase reporter assays, and overexpression experiments demonstrated that ELIP1 regulated the expressions of genomes uncoupled 4 (GUN4), Glutamyl-tRNA reductase family protein (HEMA1), and Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase (CHLM) by binding to G-box-like motifs and affected chlorophyll biosynthesis during the storage of Chinese cabbage. It is a possible common tetrapyrrole biosynthetic pathway for chlorophylls, hemes, and bilin pigments in photosynthetic organisms. Our research also revealed that white light can be used as a regulatory factor to improve the storage ability and extent shelf life of Chinese cabbage.
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17
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Meng F, Li Y, Li S, Chen H, Shao Z, Jian Y, Mao Y, Liu L, Wang Q. Carotenoid biofortification in tomato products along whole agro-food chain from field to fork. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Jedynak P, Trzebuniak KF, Chowaniec M, Zgłobicki P, Banaś AK, Mysliwa-Kurdziel B. Dynamics of Etiolation Monitored by Seedling Morphology, Carotenoid Composition, Antioxidant Level, and Photoactivity of Protochlorophyllide in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:772727. [PMID: 35265091 PMCID: PMC8900029 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.772727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings are widely used as a model to study the de-etiolation process, the etiolation itself at the molecular level still needs elucidation. Here, we monitored the etiolation dynamics for wild type A. thaliana seedlings and lutein-deficient (lut2) mutant between 2 and 12 days of their growth in the absence of light. We analyzed the shape of the apex, the growth rate, the carotenoids and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) accumulation, and the light-dependent protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR) transcripts. Differences concerning the apical hook curvature and cotyledon opening among seedlings of the same age were observed, mostly after day 6 of the culture. We categorized the observed apex shapes and presented quantitatively how distribution among the categories changed during 12 days of seedling growth. The Pchlide654/Pchlide633 ratio, corresponding to the amount of the photoactive Pchlide, was the highest in the youngest seedlings, and decreased with their age. LPORA, LPORB, and LPORC transcripts were detected in etiolated seedlings, and their content decreased during seedling growth. Expression of SAG12 or SAG13 senescence markers, depletion in antioxidants, and excess ion leakage were not observed during the etiolation. Lack of lutein in the lut2 mutant resulted in slow Pchlide accumulation and affected other xanthophyll composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Jedynak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Kamil Filip Trzebuniak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chowaniec
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Zgłobicki
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Katarzyna Banaś
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Mysliwa-Kurdziel
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Dhami N, Pogson BJ, Tissue DT, Cazzonelli CI. A foliar pigment-based bioassay for interrogating chloroplast signalling revealed that carotenoid isomerisation regulates chlorophyll abundance. PLANT METHODS 2022; 18:18. [PMID: 35177117 PMCID: PMC8851705 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-022-00847-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some plastid-derived metabolites can control nuclear gene expression, chloroplast biogenesis, and chlorophyll biosynthesis. For example, norflurazon (NFZ) induced inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis in leaves elicits a protoporphyrin IX (Mg-ProtoIX) retrograde signal that controls chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. Carotenoid cleavage products, known as apocarotenoids, also regulate plastid development. The key steps in carotenoid biosynthesis or catabolism that can regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis in leaf tissues remain unclear. Here, we established a foliar pigment-based bioassay using Arabidopsis rosette leaves to investigate plastid signalling processes in young expanding leaves comprising rapidly dividing and expanding cells containing active chloroplast biogenesis. RESULTS We demonstrate that environmental treatments (extended darkness and cold exposure) as well as chemical (norflurazon; NFZ) inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis, reduce chlorophyll levels in young, but not older leaves of Arabidopsis. Mutants with disrupted xanthophyll accumulation, apocarotenoid phytohormone biosynthesis (abscisic acid and strigolactone), or enzymatic carotenoid cleavage, did not alter chlorophyll levels in young or old leaves. However, perturbations in acyclic cis-carotene biosynthesis revealed that disruption of CAROTENOID ISOMERASE (CRTISO), but not ZETA-CAROTENE ISOMERASE (Z-ISO) activity, reduced chlorophyll levels in young leaves of Arabidopsis plants. NFZ-induced inhibition of PHYTOENE DESATURASE (PDS) activity caused higher phytoene accumulation in younger crtiso leaves compared to WT indicating a continued substrate supply from the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. CONCLUSION The Arabidopsis foliar pigment-based bioassay can be used to differentiate signalling events elicited by environmental change, chemical treatment, and/or genetic perturbation, and determine how they control chloroplast biogenesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Genetic perturbations that impaired xanthophyll biosynthesis and/or carotenoid catabolism did not affect chlorophyll biosynthesis. The lack of CAROTENOID ISOMERISATION reduced chlorophyll accumulation, but not phytoene biosynthesis in young leaves of Arabidopsis plants growing under a long photoperiod. Findings generated using the newly customised foliar pigment-based bioassay implicate that carotenoid isomerase activity and NFZ-induced inhibition of PDS activity elicit different signalling pathways to control chlorophyll homeostasis in young leaves of Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Dhami
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara 30, Kaski, Gandaki, 33700, Nepal
| | - B J Pogson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - D T Tissue
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - C I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.
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Zhou L, Yarra R, Yang Y, Liu Y, Yang M, Cao H. The oil palm R2R3-MYB subfamily genes EgMYB111 and EgMYB157 improve multiple abiotic stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:377-393. [PMID: 34817657 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We found that overexpression of EgMYB111 and EgMYB157 genes positively regulate the abiotic stress tolerance. MYB family genes are well-known regulators in modulating the abiotic stress-responsive mechanisms in plants. However, lesser is known about the functional roles of oil palm MYB genes. Previously, we found that oil palm MYB genes such as EgMYB111 and EgMYB157 were significantly up-regulated under salinity, cold, and drought stress conditions. In this study, we over-expressed EgMYB111 and EgMYB157 genes separately in Arabidopsis plants. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing EgMYB111 have shown improved tolerance to salinity, cold and drought stress conditions, whereas transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing EgMYB157 dispalyed improved tolerance to cold and drought stress conditions only. Various biochemical analyses also revealed significant improvement of antioxidant enzyme activities, photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration in transgenic plants compared to wild-type plants under cold, drought, and salinity stress conditions. Significant up-regulation of various known stress marker genes such as RD22, RD29A, RAB18, COR47, ABA1, ABI1, HAB1 was also noticed in EgMYB111 and EgMYB157 expressing transgenic plants compared to wild-type plants under cold, drought, and salinity stress conditions. Taken together, over-expression of EgMYB111 and/or EgMYB157 significantly improve abiotic tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants, indicating that EgMYB111 and EgMYB157 are the potential candidates for developing abiotic stress-tolerant crops in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Zhou
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, 571339, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rajesh Yarra
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, 571339, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaodong Yang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, 571339, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanju Liu
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, 571339, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengdi Yang
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, 571339, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Cao
- Coconut Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan, 571339, People's Republic of China
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Sun T, Rao S, Zhou X, Li L. Plant carotenoids: recent advances and future perspectives. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2022; 2:3. [PMID: 37789426 PMCID: PMC10515021 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-022-00023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid metabolites synthesized de novo in all photosynthetic organisms. Carotenoids are essential for plants with diverse functions in photosynthesis, photoprotection, pigmentation, phytohormone synthesis, and signaling. They are also critically important for humans as precursors of vitamin A synthesis and as dietary antioxidants. The vital roles of carotenoids to plants and humans have prompted significant progress toward our understanding of carotenoid metabolism and regulation. New regulators and novel roles of carotenoid metabolites are continuously revealed. This review focuses on current status of carotenoid metabolism and highlights recent advances in comprehension of the intrinsic and multi-dimensional regulation of carotenoid accumulation. We also discuss the functional evolution of carotenoids, the agricultural and horticultural application, and some key areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Sombir Rao
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhou
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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22
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Hain TM, Bykowski M, Saba M, Evans ME, Schröder-Turk GE, Kowalewska Ł. SPIRE-a software tool for bicontinuous phase recognition: application for plastid cubic membranes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 188:81-96. [PMID: 34662407 PMCID: PMC8774748 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous membranes in cell organelles epitomize nature's ability to create complex functional nanostructures. Like their synthetic counterparts, these membranes are characterized by continuous membrane sheets draped onto topologically complex saddle-shaped surfaces with a periodic network-like structure. Their structure sizes, (around 50-500 nm), and fluid nature make transmission electron microscopy (TEM) the analysis method of choice to decipher their nanostructural features. Here we present a tool, Surface Projection Image Recognition Environment (SPIRE), to identify bicontinuous structures from TEM sections through interactive identification by comparison to mathematical "nodal surface" models. The prolamellar body (PLB) of plant etioplasts is a bicontinuous membrane structure with a key physiological role in chloroplast biogenesis. However, the determination of its spatial structural features has been held back by the lack of tools enabling the identification and quantitative analysis of symmetric membrane conformations. Using our SPIRE tool, we achieved a robust identification of the bicontinuous diamond surface as the dominant PLB geometry in angiosperm etioplasts in contrast to earlier long-standing assertions in the literature. Our data also provide insights into membrane storage capacities of PLBs with different volume proportions and hint at the limited role of a plastid ribosome localization directly inside the PLB grid for its proper functioning. This represents an important step in understanding their as yet elusive structure-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Hain
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
- Physical Chemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund 22100, Sweden
| | - Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matthias Saba
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg CH-1700, Switzerland
| | - Myfanwy E Evans
- Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
| | - Gerd E Schröder-Turk
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Mathematics and Statistics, Murdoch University, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia
- Department of Applied Mathematics, The Australian National University, Research School of Physics, Canberra 2601, Australia
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Paudel L, Kerr S, Prentis P, Tanurdžić M, Papanicolaou A, Plett JM, Cazzonelli CI. Horticultural innovation by viral-induced gene regulation of carotenogenesis. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab008. [PMID: 35043183 PMCID: PMC8769041 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Multipartite viral vectors provide a simple, inexpensive and effective biotechnological tool to transiently manipulate (i.e. reduce or increase) gene expression in planta and characterise the function of genetic traits. The development of virus-induced gene regulation (VIGR) systems usually involve the targeted silencing or overexpression of genes involved in pigment biosynthesis or degradation in plastids, thereby providing rapid visual assessment of success in establishing RNA- or DNA-based VIGR systems in planta. Carotenoids pigments provide plant tissues with an array of yellow, orange, and pinkish-red colours. VIGR-induced transient manipulation of carotenoid-related gene expression has advanced our understanding of carotenoid biosynthesis, regulation, accumulation and degradation, as well as plastid signalling processes. In this review, we describe mechanisms of VIGR, the importance of carotenoids as visual markers of technology development, and knowledge gained through manipulating carotenogenesis in model plants as well as horticultural crops not always amenable to transgenic approaches. We outline how VIGR can be utilised in plants to fast-track the characterisation of gene function(s), accelerate fruit tree breeding programs, edit genomes, and biofortify plant products enriched in carotenoid micronutrients for horticultural innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky Paudel
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Stephanie Kerr
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy (CAB), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Peter Prentis
- Centre for Agriculture and the Bioeconomy (CAB), Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane City, QLD 4000, Australia
- School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science,
Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
| | - Miloš Tanurdžić
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexie Papanicolaou
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith NSW 2751, Australia
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24
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Gupta P, Hirschberg J. The Genetic Components of a Natural Color Palette: A Comprehensive List of Carotenoid Pathway Mutations in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:806184. [PMID: 35069664 PMCID: PMC8770946 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.806184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids comprise the most widely distributed natural pigments. In plants, they play indispensable roles in photosynthesis, furnish colors to flowers and fruit and serve as precursor molecules for the synthesis of apocarotenoids, including aroma and scent, phytohormones and other signaling molecules. Dietary carotenoids are vital to human health as a source of provitamin A and antioxidants. Hence, the enormous interest in carotenoids of crop plants. Over the past three decades, the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway has been mainly deciphered due to the characterization of natural and induced mutations that impair this process. Over the year, numerous mutations have been studied in dozens of plant species. Their phenotypes have significantly expanded our understanding of the biochemical and molecular processes underlying carotenoid accumulation in crops. Several of them were employed in the breeding of crops with higher nutritional value. This compendium of all known random and targeted mutants available in the carotenoid metabolic pathway in plants provides a valuable resource for future research on carotenoid biosynthesis in plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Hirschberg
- Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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25
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Hill RA, Wong-Bajracharya J, Anwar S, Coles D, Wang M, Lipzen A, Ng V, Grigoriev IV, Martin F, Anderson IC, Cazzonelli CI, Jeffries T, Plett KL, Plett JM. Abscisic acid supports colonization of Eucalyptus grandis roots by the mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus microcarpus. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:966-982. [PMID: 34699614 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The pathways regulated in ectomycorrhizal (EcM) plant hosts during the establishment of symbiosis are not as well understood when compared to the functional stages of this mutualistic interaction. Our study used the EcM host Eucalyptus grandis to elucidate symbiosis-regulated pathways across the three phases of this interaction. Using a combination of RNA sequencing and metabolomics we studied both stage-specific and core responses of E. grandis during colonization by Pisolithus microcarpus. Using exogenous manipulation of the abscisic acid (ABA), we studied the role of this pathway during symbiosis establishment. Despite the mutualistic nature of this symbiosis, a large number of disease signalling TIR-NBS-LRR genes were induced. The transcriptional regulation in E. grandis was found to be dynamic across colonization with a small core of genes consistently regulated at all stages. Genes associated to the carotenoid/ABA pathway were found within this core and ABA concentrations increased during fungal integration into the root. Supplementation of ABA led to improved accommodation of P. microcarpus into E. grandis roots. The carotenoid pathway is a core response of an EcM host to its symbiont and highlights the need to understand the role of the stress hormone ABA in controlling host-EcM fungal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Hill
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Johanna Wong-Bajracharya
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - Sidra Anwar
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Donovin Coles
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Mei Wang
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Vivian Ng
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Francis Martin
- INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Laboratory of Excellence ARBRE, INRAE GrandEst-Nancy, Université de Lorraine, 54280, Champenoux, France
| | - Ian C Anderson
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Christopher I Cazzonelli
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Thomas Jeffries
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
| | - Krista L Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, 2568, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Plett
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, 2753, Australia
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26
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Screening for apocarotenoid plant growth regulators in Arabidopsis. Methods Enzymol 2022; 674:481-495. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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27
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Leroux J, Truong TT, Pogson BJ, McQuinn RP. Detection and analysis of novel and known plant volatile apocarotenoids. Methods Enzymol 2022; 670:311-368. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2022.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Efremov GI, Shchennikova AV, Kochieva EZ. Characterization of 15- cis-ζ-Carotene Isomerase Z-ISO in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species Differing in Ripe Fruit Pigmentation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112365. [PMID: 34834728 PMCID: PMC8622272 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Isomerization of 9,15,9'-tri-cis-ζ-carotene mediated by 15-cis-ζ-carotene isomerase Z-ISO is a critical step in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, which define fruit color. The tomato clade (Solanum section Lycopersicon) comprises the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and 12 related wild species differing in fruit color and, thus, represents a good model for studying carotenogenesis in fleshy fruit. In this study, we identified homologous Z-ISO genes, including 5'-UTRs and promoter regions, in 12 S. lycopersicum cultivars and 5 wild tomato species (red-fruited Solanum pimpinellifolium, yellow-fruited Solanum cheesmaniae, and green-fruited Solanum chilense, Solanum habrochaites, and Solanum pennellii). Z-ISO homologs had a highly conserved structure, suggesting that Z-ISO performs a similar function in tomato species despite the difference in their fruit color. Z-ISO transcription levels positively correlated with the carotenoid content in ripe fruit of the tomatoes. An analysis of the Z-ISO promoter and 5'-UTR sequences revealed over 130 cis-regulatory elements involved in response to light, stresses, and hormones, and in the binding of transcription factors. Green- and red/yellow-fruited Solanum species differed in the number and position of cis-elements, indicating changes in the transcriptional regulation of Z-ISO expression during tomato evolution, which likely contribute to the difference in fruit color.
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29
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Sandoval-Ibáñez O, Sharma A, Bykowski M, Borràs-Gas G, Behrendorff JBYH, Mellor S, Qvortrup K, Verdonk JC, Bock R, Kowalewska Ł, Pribil M. Curvature thylakoid 1 proteins modulate prolamellar body morphology and promote organized thylakoid biogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2113934118. [PMID: 34654749 PMCID: PMC8594483 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2113934118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The term "de-etiolation" refers to the light-dependent differentiation of etioplasts to chloroplasts in angiosperms. The underlying process involves reorganization of prolamellar bodies (PLBs) and prothylakoids into thylakoids, with concurrent changes in protein, lipid, and pigment composition, which together lead to the assembly of active photosynthetic complexes. Despite the highly conserved structure of PLBs among land plants, the processes that mediate PLB maintenance and their disassembly during de-etiolation are poorly understood. Among chloroplast thylakoid membrane-localized proteins, to date, only Curvature thylakoid 1 (CURT1) proteins were shown to exhibit intrinsic membrane-bending capacity. Here, we show that CURT1 proteins, which play a critical role in grana margin architecture and thylakoid plasticity, also participate in de-etiolation and modulate PLB geometry and density. Lack of CURT1 proteins severely perturbs PLB organization and vesicle fusion, leading to reduced accumulation of the light-dependent enzyme protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (LPOR) and a delay in the onset of photosynthesis. In contrast, overexpression of CURT1A induces excessive bending of PLB membranes, which upon illumination show retarded disassembly and concomitant overaccumulation of LPOR, though without affecting greening or the establishment of photosynthesis. We conclude that CURT1 proteins contribute to the maintenance of the paracrystalline PLB morphology and are necessary for efficient and organized thylakoid membrane maturation during de-etiolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sandoval-Ibáñez
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Organelle Biology, Biotechnology and Molecular Ecophysiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, PL-02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Guillem Borràs-Gas
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James B Y H Behrendorff
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silas Mellor
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Qvortrup
- Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy, The Panum Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julian C Verdonk
- Horticulture and Product Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Department of Organelle Biology, Biotechnology and Molecular Ecophysiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Experimental Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, PL-02-096 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mathias Pribil
- Copenhagen Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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30
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Espinoza-Corral R, Schwenkert S, Lundquist PK. Molecular changes of Arabidopsis thaliana plastoglobules facilitate thylakoid membrane remodeling under high light stress. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:1571-1587. [PMID: 33783866 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Plants require rapid responses to adapt to environmental stresses. This includes dramatic changes in the size and number of plastoglobule lipid droplets within chloroplasts. Although the morphological changes of plastoglobules are well documented, little is known about the corresponding molecular changes. To address this gap, we have compared the quantitative proteome, oligomeric state, prenyl-lipid content and kinase activities of Arabidopsis thaliana plastoglobules under unstressed and 5-day light-stressed conditions. Our results show a specific recruitment of proteins related to leaf senescence and jasmonic acid biosynthesis under light stress, and identify nearly half of the plastoglobule proteins in high native molecular weight masses. Additionally, a specific increase in plastoglobule carotenoid abundance under the light stress was consistent with enhanced thylakoid disassembly and leaf senescence, supporting a specific role for plastoglobules in senescence and thylakoid remodeling as an intermediate storage site for photosynthetic pigments. In vitro kinase assays of isolated plastoglobules demonstrated kinase activity towards multiple target proteins, which was more pronounced in the plastoglobules of unstressed than light-stressed leaf tissue, and which was diminished in plastoglobules of the abc1k1/abc1k3 double-mutant. These results strongly suggest that plastoglobule-localized ABC1 kinases hold endogenous kinase activity, as these were the only known or putative kinases identified in the isolated plastoglobules by deep bottom-up proteomics. Collectively, our study reveals targeted changes to the protein and prenyl-lipid composition of plastoglobules under light stress that present strategies by which plastoglobules appear to facilitate stress adaptation within chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Espinoza-Corral
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Serena Schwenkert
- Department I, Plant Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Großhadernerstr. 2-4, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152, Germany
| | - Peter K Lundquist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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31
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Wu GZ, Bock R. GUN control in retrograde signaling: How GENOMES UNCOUPLED proteins adjust nuclear gene expression to plastid biogenesis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:457-474. [PMID: 33955483 PMCID: PMC8136882 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koaa048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Communication between cellular compartments is vital for development and environmental adaptation. Signals emanating from organelles, so-called retrograde signals, coordinate nuclear gene expression with the developmental stage and/or the functional status of the organelle. Plastids (best known in their green photosynthesizing differentiated form, the chloroplasts) are the primary energy-producing compartment of plant cells, and the site for the biosynthesis of many metabolites, including fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides, isoprenoids, tetrapyrroles, vitamins, and phytohormone precursors. Signals derived from plastids regulate the accumulation of a large set of nucleus-encoded proteins, many of which localize to plastids. A set of mutants defective in retrograde signaling (genomes uncoupled, or gun) was isolated over 25 years ago. While most GUN genes act in tetrapyrrole biosynthesis, resolving the molecular function of GUN1, the proposed integrator of multiple retrograde signals, has turned out to be particularly challenging. Based on its amino acid sequence, GUN1 was initially predicted to be a plastid-localized nucleic acid-binding protein. Only recently, mechanistic information on the function of GUN1 has been obtained, pointing to a role in plastid protein homeostasis. This review article summarizes our current understanding of GUN-related retrograde signaling and provides a critical appraisal of the various proposed roles for GUNs and their respective pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Zhang Wu
- Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie, Am Mühlenberg 1, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
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32
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Dhami N. Chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition envisions provitamin A biofortification in green vegetables. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:799-804. [PMID: 33754204 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02684-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The carotenoids available in food are vital dietary micronutrients for human health. Plants synthesize and accumulate different carotenoids in plastids in a tissue-specific manner. The level of β-carotene (provitamin A) and other nutritionally important carotenoids is substantially low in the green tissues such as leaves compared to the fruits and roots. In photosynthetic tissues, chloroplasts can accumulate a moderate level of carotenoids, mainly to facilitate photosynthesis and environmental stress tolerance. However, chromoplasts from the storage tissues such as tomato fruit and carrot root can synthesize and accumulate carotenoids to a substantially higher level. A synthetic biology approach that utilizes a transient expression of bacterial phytoene synthase (crtB) gene in the photosynthetic leaves can induce the transition of chloroplasts into chromoplasts. The plastid-localized heterologous expression of crtB in leaves can induce the overaccumulation of phytoene, triggering the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition; therefore, enhancing the biosynthesis and accumulation of carotenoids, including provitamin A. The transition of chloroplasts into chromoplasts, however, altered the photosynthetic thylakoids, consequently reducing the photosynthetic efficiency and plant growth. An efficient metabolic engineering strategy is desirable to enhance the production of targeted carotenoids in leaves without perturbing the photosynthetic efficiency and plant growth. Collectively, a synthetic biology strategy that triggers the transformation of chloroplasts into chromoplasts in photosynthetic tissues unfolds new avenues for carotenoid biofortification in the leafy food and vegetable crops, which can increase the dietary intake of carotenoids, therefore, combating the crisis of vitamin A deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namraj Dhami
- School of Health and Allied Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara 30, Dhungepatan, Pokhara, Gandaki, 33700, Nepal.
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33
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Jiang J, Dehesh K. Plastidial retrograde modulation of light and hormonal signaling: an odyssey. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:931-937. [PMID: 33452833 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The transition from an engulfed autonomous unicellular photosynthetic bacterium to a semiautonomous endosymbiont plastid was accompanied by the transfer of genetic material from the endosymbiont to the nuclear genome of the host, followed by the establishment of plastid-to-nucleus (retrograde) signaling. The retrograde coordinated activities of the two subcellular genomes ensure chloroplast biogenesis and function as the photosynthetic hub and sensing and signaling center that tailors growth-regulating and adaptive processes. This review specifically focuses on the current knowledge of selected stress-induced retrograde signals, genomes uncoupled 1 (GUN1), methylerythritol cyclodiphosphate (MEcPP), apocarotenoid and β-cyclocitral, and 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphate (PAP), which evolved to establish the photoautotrophic lifestyle and are instrumental in the integration of light and hormonal signaling networks to ultimately fashion adaptive responses in an ever-changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishan Jiang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Katayoon Dehesh
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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34
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Andersen TB, Llorente B, Morelli L, Torres‐Montilla S, Bordanaba‐Florit G, Espinosa FA, Rodriguez‐Goberna MR, Campos N, Olmedilla‐Alonso B, Llansola‐Portoles MJ, Pascal AA, Rodriguez‐Concepcion M. An engineered extraplastidial pathway for carotenoid biofortification of leaves. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1008-1021. [PMID: 33314563 PMCID: PMC8131046 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are lipophilic plastidial isoprenoids highly valued as nutrients and natural pigments. A correct balance of chlorophylls and carotenoids is required for photosynthesis and therefore highly regulated, making carotenoid enrichment of green tissues challenging. Here we show that leaf carotenoid levels can be boosted through engineering their biosynthesis outside the chloroplast. Transient expression experiments in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves indicated that high extraplastidial production of carotenoids requires an enhanced supply of their isoprenoid precursors in the cytosol, which was achieved using a deregulated form of the main rate-determining enzyme of the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway. Constructs encoding bacterial enzymes were used to convert these MVA-derived precursors into carotenoid biosynthetic intermediates that do not normally accumulate in leaves, such as phytoene and lycopene. Cytosolic versions of these enzymes produced extraplastidial carotenoids at levels similar to those of total endogenous (i.e. chloroplast) carotenoids. Strategies to enhance the development of endomembrane structures and lipid bodies as potential extraplastidial carotenoid storage systems were not successful to further increase carotenoid contents. Phytoene was found to be more bioaccessible when accumulated outside plastids, whereas lycopene formed cytosolic crystalloids very similar to those found in the chromoplasts of ripe tomatoes. This extraplastidial production of phytoene and lycopene led to an increased antioxidant capacity of leaves. Finally, we demonstrate that our system can be adapted for the biofortification of leafy vegetables such as lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine B. Andersen
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG)CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBBarcelonaSpain
- Present address:
Great Lakes Bioenergy Research CenterMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Briardo Llorente
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG)CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBBarcelonaSpain
- Department of Molecular Sciences, ARC Center of Excellence in Synthetic BiologyMacquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia
- CSIRO Synthetic Biology Future Science PlatformSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Luca Morelli
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG)CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBBarcelonaSpain
| | | | | | - Fausto A. Espinosa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG)CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Narciso Campos
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG)CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBBarcelonaSpain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia MolecularUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelona08028Spain
| | | | | | - Andrew A. Pascal
- CEA, CNRSInstitute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC)Université Paris‐SaclayGif‐sur‐YvetteFrance
| | - Manuel Rodriguez‐Concepcion
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG)CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBBarcelonaSpain
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas (IBMCP)CSIC‐Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValenciaSpain
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35
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Chayut N, Yuan H, Saar Y, Zheng Y, Sun T, Zhou X, Hermanns A, Oren E, Faigenboim A, Hui M, Fei Z, Mazourek M, Burger J, Tadmor Y, Li L. Comparative transcriptome analyses shed light on carotenoid production and plastid development in melon fruit. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2021; 8:112. [PMID: 33931604 PMCID: PMC8087762 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-021-00547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids, such as β-carotene, accumulate in chromoplasts of various fleshy fruits, awarding them with colors, aromas, and nutrients. The Orange (CmOr) gene controls β-carotene accumulation in melon fruit by posttranslationally enhancing carotenogenesis and repressing β-carotene turnover in chromoplasts. Carotenoid isomerase (CRTISO) isomerizes yellow prolycopene into red lycopene, a prerequisite for further metabolism into β-carotene. We comparatively analyzed the developing fruit transcriptomes of orange-colored melon and its two isogenic EMS-induced mutants, low-β (Cmor) and yofi (Cmcrtiso). The Cmor mutation in low-β caused a major transcriptomic change in the mature fruit. In contrast, the Cmcrtiso mutation in yofi significantly changed the transcriptome only in early fruit developmental stages. These findings indicate that melon fruit transcriptome is primarily altered by changes in carotenoid metabolic flux and plastid conversion, but minimally by carotenoid composition in the ripe fruit. Clustering of the differentially expressed genes into functional groups revealed an association between fruit carotenoid metabolic flux with the maintenance of the photosynthetic apparatus in fruit chloroplasts. Moreover, large numbers of thylakoid localized photosynthetic genes were differentially expressed in low-β. CmOR family proteins were found to physically interact with light-harvesting chlorophyll a-b binding proteins, suggesting a new role of CmOR for chloroplast maintenance in melon fruit. This study brings more insights into the cellular and metabolic processes associated with fruit carotenoid accumulation in melon fruit and reveals a new maintenance mechanism of the photosynthetic apparatus for plastid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noam Chayut
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Hui Yuan
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yuval Saar
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Yi Zheng
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Tianhu Sun
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Xuesong Zhou
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Anna Hermanns
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Elad Oren
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Adi Faigenboim
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Maixia Hui
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Michael Mazourek
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Joseph Burger
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel
| | - Yaakov Tadmor
- Department of Vegetable Research, ARO, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, 30095, Israel.
| | - Li Li
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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Bykowski M, Mazur R, Wójtowicz J, Suski S, Garstka M, Mostowska A, Kowalewska Ł. Too rigid to fold: Carotenoid-dependent decrease in thylakoid fluidity hampers the formation of chloroplast grana. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:210-227. [PMID: 33631810 PMCID: PMC8133577 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In chloroplasts of land plants, the thylakoid network is organized into appressed regions called grana stacks and loosely arranged parallel stroma thylakoids. Many factors determining such intricate structural arrangements have been identified so far, including various thylakoid-embedded proteins, and polar lipids that build the thylakoid matrix. Although carotenoids are important components of proteins and the lipid phase of chloroplast membranes, their role in determining the thylakoid network structure remains elusive. We studied 2D and 3D thylakoid network organization in carotenoid-deficient mutants (ccr1-1, lut5-1, szl1-1, and szl1-1npq1-2) of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to reveal the structural role of carotenoids in the formation and dynamics of the internal chloroplast membrane system. The most significant structural aberrations took place in chloroplasts of the szl1-1 and szl1-1npq1-2 plants. Increased lutein/carotene ratio in these mutants impaired the formation of grana, resulting in a significant decrease in the number of thylakoids used to build a particular stack. Further, combined biochemical and biophysical analyses revealed that hampered grana folding was related to decreased thylakoid membrane fluidity and significant changes in the amount, organization, and phosphorylation status of photosystem (PS) II (PSII) supercomplexes in the szl1-1 and szl1-1npq1-2 plants. Such changes resulted from a synergistic effect of lutein overaccumulation in the lipid matrix and a decreased level of carotenes bound with PS core complexes. Moreover, more rigid membrane in the lutein overaccumulating plants led to binding of Rubisco to the thylakoid surface, additionally providing steric hindrance for the dynamic changes in the level of membrane folding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Joanna Wójtowicz
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Szymon Suski
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Maciej Garstka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-096, Poland
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Liang MH, He YJ, Liu DM, Jiang JG. Regulation of carotenoid degradation and production of apocarotenoids in natural and engineered organisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:513-534. [PMID: 33541157 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1873242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important precursors of a wide range of apocarotenoids with their functions including: hormones, pigments, retinoids, volatiles, and signals, which can be used in the food, flavors, fragrances, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. This article focuses on the formation of these multifaceted apocarotenoids and their diverse biological roles in all living systems. Carotenoid degradation pathways include: enzymatic oxidation by specific carotenoid cleavage oxygenases (CCOs) or nonspecific enzymes such as lipoxygenases and peroxidases and non-enzymatic oxidation by reactive oxygen species. Recent advances in the regulation of carotenoid cleavage genes and the biotechnological production of multiple apocarotenoids are also covered. It is suggested that different developmental stages and environmental stresses can influence both the expression of carotenoid cleavage genes and the formation of apocarotenoids at multiple levels of regulation including: transcriptional, transcription factors, posttranscriptional, posttranslational, and epigenetic modification. Regarding the biotechnological production of apocarotenoids especially: crocins, retinoids, and ionones, enzymatic biocatalysis and metabolically engineered microorganisms have been a promising alternative route. New substrates, carotenoid cleavage enzymes, biosynthetic pathways for apocarotenoids, and new biological functions of apocarotenoids will be discussed with the improvement of our understanding of apocarotenoid biology, biochemistry, function, and formation from different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hua Liang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jing He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Mei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Guo Jiang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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38
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Moreno JC, Mi J, Alagoz Y, Al‐Babili S. Plant apocarotenoids: from retrograde signaling to interspecific communication. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:351-375. [PMID: 33258195 PMCID: PMC7898548 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic and some non-photosynthetic organisms. They are essential for photosynthesis and contribute to many other aspects of a plant's life. The oxidative breakdown of carotenoids gives rise to the formation of a diverse family of essential metabolites called apocarotenoids. This metabolic process either takes place spontaneously through reactive oxygen species or is catalyzed by enzymes generally belonging to the CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE family. Apocarotenoids include the phytohormones abscisic acid and strigolactones (SLs), signaling molecules and growth regulators. Abscisic acid and SLs are vital in regulating plant growth, development and stress response. SLs are also an essential component in plants' rhizospheric communication with symbionts and parasites. Other apocarotenoid small molecules, such as blumenols, mycorradicins, zaxinone, anchorene, β-cyclocitral, β-cyclogeranic acid, β-ionone and loliolide, are involved in plant growth and development, and/or contribute to different processes, including arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis, abiotic stress response, plant-plant and plant-herbivore interactions and plastid retrograde signaling. There are also indications for the presence of structurally unidentified linear cis-carotene-derived apocarotenoids, which are presumed to modulate plastid biogenesis and leaf morphology, among other developmental processes. Here, we provide an overview on the biology of old, recently discovered and supposed plant apocarotenoid signaling molecules, describing their biosynthesis, developmental and physiological functions, and role as a messenger in plant communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Moreno
- Max Planck Institut für Molekulare PflanzenphysiologieAm Mühlenberg 1Potsdam14476Germany
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Desert Agriculturethe BioActives LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jianing Mi
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Desert Agriculturethe BioActives LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yagiz Alagoz
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Desert Agriculturethe BioActives LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityLocked Bag 1797PenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Salim Al‐Babili
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and EngineeringCenter for Desert Agriculturethe BioActives LabKing Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal23955‐6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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39
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Bykowski M, Mazur R, Buszewicz D, Szach J, Mostowska A, Kowalewska Ł. Spatial Nano-Morphology of the Prolamellar Body in Etiolated Arabidopsis thaliana Plants With Disturbed Pigment and Polyprenol Composition. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:586628. [PMID: 33117813 PMCID: PMC7578251 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolamellar body (PLB) is a periodic bicontinuous membrane structure based on tubular tetrahedral units. PLBs are present in plant etioplasts and, upon illumination, directly transform into the lamellar thylakoid networks within chloroplasts. Efficient tubular-lamellar rearrangement and later formation of the photosynthetically active thylakoid membranes are crucial steps in the development of plant autotrophy. PLB membranes are mainly composed of galactolipids, carotenoids, and protochlorophyllide (Pchlide), the chlorophyll precursor, bound in a complex with NADPH and Pchlide oxidoreductase. Although the PLB structure has been studied for over 50 years, the direct role of particular membrane components in the formation of the PLB paracrystalline network remains elusive. Moreover, despite the numerous literature data regarding the PLB geometry, their reliable comparative analysis is complicated due to variable experimental conditions. Therefore, we performed comprehensive ultrastructural and low-temperature fluorescence analysis of wild type Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) seedlings grown in different conditions typical for studies on etiolated seedlings. We established that the addition of sucrose to the growing media significantly affected the size and compactness of the PLB. The etiolation period was also an important factor influencing the PLB structural parameters and the ratio of free to complex-bound Pchlide. Thus, a reliable PLB structural and spectral analysis requires particular attention to the applied experimental conditions. We investigated the influence of the pigment and polyprenol components of the etioplast membranes on the formation of the PLB spatial structure. The PLB 3D structure in several Arabidopsis mutants (ccr1-1, lut5-1, szl1-1npq1-2, aba1-6, pif1, cpt7) with disturbed levels of particular pigments and polyprenols using electron tomography technique was studied. We found that the PLB nano-morphology was mainly affected in the pif1 and aba1-6 mutants. An increased level of Pchlide (pif1) resulted in the substantial shift of the structural balance between outer and inner PLB water channels and overall PLB compactness compared to wild type plants. The decrease in the relative content of β-branch xanthophylls in aba1-6 plants was manifested by local disturbances in the paracrystalline structure of the PLB network. Therefore, proper levels of particular etioplast pigments are essential for the formation of stable and regular PLB structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Bykowski
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Radosław Mazur
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Buszewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Szach
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mostowska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Łucja Kowalewska
- Department of Plant Anatomy and Cytology, Institute of Plant Experimental Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Chavan SG, Maier C, Alagoz Y, Filipe JC, Warren CR, Lin H, Jia B, Loik ME, Cazzonelli CI, Chen ZH, Ghannoum O, Tissue DT. Light‐limited photosynthesis under energy‐saving film decreases eggplant yield. Food Energy Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin G. Chavan
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Chelsea Maier
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Yagiz Alagoz
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Joao C. Filipe
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch WA Australia
| | | | - Han Lin
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology Centre for Translational Atomaterials Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Vic. Australia
| | - Baohua Jia
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology Centre for Translational Atomaterials Swinburne University of Technology Hawthorn Vic. Australia
| | - Michael E. Loik
- Department of Environmental Studies University of California Santa Cruz CA USA
| | - Christopher I. Cazzonelli
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Zhonghua H. Chen
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - Oula Ghannoum
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
| | - David T. Tissue
- National Vegetable Protected Cropping Centre Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney University Penrith NSW Australia
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Pfannschmidt T, Terry MJ, Van Aken O, Quiros PM. Retrograde signals from endosymbiotic organelles: a common control principle in eukaryotic cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190396. [PMID: 32362267 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosymbiotic organelles of eukaryotic cells, the plastids, including chloroplasts and mitochondria, are highly integrated into cellular signalling networks. In both heterotrophic and autotrophic organisms, plastids and/or mitochondria require extensive organelle-to-nucleus communication in order to establish a coordinated expression of their own genomes with the nuclear genome, which encodes the majority of the components of these organelles. This goal is achieved by the use of a variety of signals that inform the cell nucleus about the number and developmental status of the organelles and their reaction to changing external environments. Such signals have been identified in both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic eukaryotes (known as retrograde signalling and retrograde response, respectively) and, therefore, appear to be universal mechanisms acting in eukaryotes of all kingdoms. In particular, chloroplasts and mitochondria both harbour crucial redox reactions that are the basis of eukaryotic life and are, therefore, especially susceptible to stress from the environment, which they signal to the rest of the cell. These signals are crucial for cell survival, lifespan and environmental adjustment, and regulate quality control and targeted degradation of dysfunctional organelles, metabolic adjustments, and developmental signalling, as well as induction of apoptosis. The functional similarities between retrograde signalling pathways in autotrophic and non-autotrophic organisms are striking, suggesting the existence of common principles in signalling mechanisms or similarities in their evolution. Here, we provide a survey for the newcomers to this field of research and discuss the importance of retrograde signalling in the context of eukaryotic evolution. Furthermore, we discuss commonalities and differences in retrograde signalling mechanisms and propose retrograde signalling as a general signalling mechanism in eukaryotic cells that will be also of interest for the specialist. This article is part of the theme issue 'Retrograde signalling from endosymbiotic organelles'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pfannschmidt
- Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology, Leibniz University Hannover, Herrenhäuser Straße 2, 30419 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthew J Terry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Olivier Van Aken
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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