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Hermanson JB, Tolba SA, Chrisler EA, Leone VA. Gut microbes, diet, and genetics as drivers of metabolic liver disease: a narrative review outlining implications for precision medicine. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 133:109704. [PMID: 39029595 PMCID: PMC11480923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is rapidly increasing in prevalence, impacting over a third of the global population. The advanced form of MASLD, Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), is on track to become the number one indication for liver transplant. FDA-approved pharmacological agents are limited for MASH, despite over 400 ongoing clinical trials, with only a single drug (resmetirom) currently on the market. This is likely due to the heterogeneous nature of disease pathophysiology, which involves interactions between highly individualized genetic and environmental factors. To apply precision medicine approaches that overcome interpersonal variability, in-depth insights into interactions between genetics, nutrition, and the gut microbiome are needed, given that each have emerged as dynamic contributors to MASLD and MASH pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the associations and molecular underpinnings of several of these factors individually and outline their interactions in the context of both patient-based studies and preclinical animal model systems. Finally, we highlight gaps in knowledge that will require further investigation to aid in successfully implementing precision medicine to prevent and alleviate MASLD and MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake B Hermanson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Samar A Tolba
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Evan A Chrisler
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Vanessa A Leone
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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2
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Koch RL, Stanton JB, McClatchy S, Churchill GA, Craig SW, Williams DN, Johns ME, Chase KR, Thiesfeldt DL, Flynt JC, Pazdro R. Discovery of genomic loci for liver health and steatosis reveals overlap with glutathione redox genetics. Redox Biol 2024; 75:103248. [PMID: 38917671 PMCID: PMC11254179 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver condition in the United States, encompassing a wide spectrum of liver pathologies including steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Despite its high prevalence, there are no medications currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of NAFLD. Recent work has suggested that NAFLD has a strong genetic component and identifying causative genes will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to NAFLD and yield targets for future therapeutic investigations. Oxidative stress is known to play an important role in NAFLD pathogenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms accounting for disturbances in redox status are not entirely understood. To better understand the relationship between the glutathione redox system and signs of NAFLD in a genetically-diverse population, we measured liver weight, serum biomarkers aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and graded liver pathology in a large cohort of Diversity Outbred mice. We compared hepatic endpoints to those of the glutathione redox system previously measured in the livers and kidneys of the same mice, and we screened for statistical and genetic associations using the R/qtl2 software. We discovered several novel genetic loci associated with markers of liver health, including loci that were associated with both liver steatosis and glutathione redox status. Candidate genes within each locus point to possible new mechanisms underlying the complex relationship between NAFLD and the glutathione redox system, which could have translational implications for future studies targeting NAFLD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Koch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - James B Stanton
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | | | | | - Steven W Craig
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Darian N Williams
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Mallory E Johns
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Kylah R Chase
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Dana L Thiesfeldt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Jessica C Flynt
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602
| | - Robert Pazdro
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA, 30602.
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3
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Habib S. Team players in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunctions-associated steatotic liver disease: The basis of development of pharmacotherapy. World J Gastrointest Pathophysiol 2024; 15:93606. [PMID: 39220834 PMCID: PMC11362842 DOI: 10.4291/wjgp.v15.i4.93606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrient metabolism is regulated by several factors. Social determinants of health with or without genetics are the primary regulator of metabolism, and an unhealthy lifestyle affects all modulators and mediators, leading to the adaptation and finally to the exhaustion of cellular functions. Hepatic steatosis is defined by presence of fat in more than 5% of hepatocytes. In hepatocytes, fat is stored as triglycerides in lipid droplet. Hepatic steatosis results from a combination of multiple intracellular processes. In a healthy individual nutrient metabolism is regulated at several steps. It ranges from the selection of nutrients in a grocery store to the last step of consumption of ATP as an energy or as a building block of a cell as structural component. Several hormones, peptides, and genes have been described that participate in nutrient metabolism. Several enzymes participate in each nutrient metabolism as described above from ingestion to generation of ATP. As of now several publications have revealed very intricate regulation of nutrient metabolism, where most of the regulatory factors are tied to each other bidirectionally, making it difficult to comprehend chronological sequence of events. Insulin hormone is the primary regulator of all nutrients' metabolism both in prandial and fasting states. Insulin exerts its effects directly and indirectly on enzymes involved in the three main cellular function processes; metabolic, inflammation and repair, and cell growth and regeneration. Final regulators that control the enzymatic functions through stimulation or suppression of a cell are nuclear receptors in especially farnesoid X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor/RXR ligands, adiponectin, leptin, and adiponutrin. Insulin hormone has direct effect on these final modulators. Whereas blood glucose level, serum lipids, incretin hormones, bile acids in conjunction with microbiota are intermediary modulators which are controlled by lifestyle. The purpose of this review is to overview the key players in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) that help us understand the disease natural course, risk stratification, role of lifestyle and pharmacotherapy in each individual patient with MASLD to achieve personalized care and target the practice of precision medicine. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to identify publication related to metabolism of carbohydrate and fat in states of health and disease states; MASLD, cardiovascular disease and cancer. More than 1000 publications including original research and review papers were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Habib
- Department of Hepatology, Liver Institute PLLC, Tucson, AZ 85712, United States
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4
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Korbecki J, Bosiacki M, Pilarczyk M, Gąssowska-Dobrowolska M, Jarmużek P, Szućko-Kociuba I, Kulik-Sajewicz J, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Phospholipid Acyltransferases: Characterization and Involvement of the Enzymes in Metabolic and Cancer Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2115. [PMID: 38893234 PMCID: PMC11171337 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the enzymatic processes governing the initial stages of glycerophospholipid (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine) and triacylglycerol synthesis. The key enzymes under scrutiny include GPAT and AGPAT. Additionally, as most AGPATs exhibit LPLAT activity, enzymes participating in the Lands cycle with similar functions are also covered. The review begins by discussing the properties of these enzymes, emphasizing their specificity in enzymatic reactions, notably the incorporation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) into phospholipids. The paper sheds light on the intricate involvement of these enzymes in various diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, and cancer. To underscore the relevance of these enzymes in cancer processes, a bioinformatics analysis was conducted. The expression levels of the described enzymes were correlated with the overall survival of patients across 33 different types of cancer using the GEPIA portal. This review further explores the potential therapeutic implications of inhibiting these enzymes in the treatment of metabolic diseases and cancer. By elucidating the intricate enzymatic pathways involved in lipid synthesis and their impact on various pathological conditions, this paper contributes to a comprehensive understanding of these processes and their potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Góra, Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Maciej Pilarczyk
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Neurosurgery Center University Hospital in Zielona Góra, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland; (M.P.); (P.J.)
| | - Magdalena Gąssowska-Dobrowolska
- Department of Cellular Signalling, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Paweł Jarmużek
- Department of Nervous System Diseases, Neurosurgery Center University Hospital in Zielona Góra, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona Gora, 65-417 Zielona Góra, Poland; (M.P.); (P.J.)
| | | | - Justyna Kulik-Sajewicz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.C.)
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (M.B.); (D.C.)
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5
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Moore MP, Wang X, Kennelly JP, Shi H, Ishino Y, Kano K, Aoki J, Cherubini A, Ronzoni L, Guo X, Chalasani NP, Khalid S, Saleheen D, Mitsche MA, Rotter JI, Yates KP, Valenti L, Kono N, Tontonoz P, Tabas I. Low MBOAT7 expression, a genetic risk for MASH, promotes a profibrotic pathway involving hepatocyte TAZ upregulation. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00886. [PMID: 38776184 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The common genetic variant rs641738 C>T is a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), including liver fibrosis, and is associated with decreased expression of the phospholipid-remodeling enzyme MBOAT7 (LPIAT1). However, whether restoring MBOAT7 expression in established metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease dampens the progression to liver fibrosis and, importantly, the mechanism through which decreased MBOAT7 expression exacerbates MASH fibrosis remain unclear. APPROACH AND RESULTS We first showed that hepatocyte MBOAT7 restoration in mice with diet-induced steatohepatitis slows the progression to liver fibrosis. Conversely, when hepatocyte-MBOAT7 was silenced in mice with established hepatosteatosis, liver fibrosis but not hepatosteatosis was exacerbated. Mechanistic studies revealed that hepatocyte-MBOAT7 restoration in MASH mice lowered hepatocyte-TAZ (WWTR1), which is known to promote MASH fibrosis. Conversely, hepatocyte-MBOAT7 silencing enhanced TAZ upregulation in MASH. Finally, we discovered that changes in hepatocyte phospholipids due to MBOAT7 loss-of-function promote a cholesterol trafficking pathway that upregulates TAZ and the TAZ-induced profibrotic factor Indian hedgehog (IHH). As evidence for relevance in humans, we found that the livers of individuals with MASH carrying the rs641738-T allele had higher hepatocyte nuclear TAZ, indicating higher TAZ activity and increased IHH mRNA. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for a novel mechanism linking MBOAT7-LoF to MASH fibrosis, adds new insight into an established genetic locus for MASH, and, given the druggability of hepatocyte TAZ for MASH fibrosis, suggests a personalized medicine approach for subjects at increased risk for MASH fibrosis due to inheritance of variants that lower MBOAT7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary P Moore
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Paul Kennelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hongxue Shi
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Yuki Ishino
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alessandro Cherubini
- Precisione Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luisa Ronzoni
- Precisione Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Naga P Chalasani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Shareef Khalid
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Disease, Karachi, Karachi City, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Matthew A Mitsche
- Center for Human Nutrition and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Katherine P Yates
- Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Luca Valenti
- Precisione Medicine Lab, Biological Resource Center and Department of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ira Tabas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Columbia University Digestive and Liver Disease Research Center, New York, NY
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6
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Maurotti S, Geirola N, Frosina M, Mirarchi A, Scionti F, Mare R, Montalcini T, Pujia A, Tirinato L. Exploring the impact of lipid droplets on the evolution and progress of hepatocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1404006. [PMID: 38818407 PMCID: PMC11137176 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1404006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past 10 years, the biological role of lipid droplets (LDs) has gained significant attention in the context of both physiological and pathological conditions. Considerable progress has been made in elucidating key aspects of these organelles, yet much remains to be accomplished to fully comprehend the myriad functions they serve in the progression of hepatic tumors. Our current perception is that LDs are complex and active structures managed by a distinct set of cellular processes. This understanding represents a significant paradigm shift from earlier perspectives. In this review, we aim to recapitulate the function of LDs within the liver, highlighting their pivotal role in the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) (Hsu and Loomba, 2024) and their contribution to the progression towards more advanced pathological stages up to hepatocellular carcinoma (HC) (Farese and Walther, 2009). We are aware of the molecular complexity and changes occurring in the neoplastic evolution of the liver. Our attempt, however, is to summarize the most important and recent roles of LDs across both healthy and all pathological liver states, up to hepatocarcinoma. For more detailed insights, we direct readers to some of the many excellent reviews already available in the literature (Gluchowski et al., 2017; Hu et al., 2020; Seebacher et al., 2020; Paul et al., 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nadia Geirola
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Frosina
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Angela Mirarchi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosario Mare
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Tirinato
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Banerjee R, Hohe RC, Cao S, Jung BM, Horak AJ, Ramachandiran I, Massey WJ, Varadharajan V, Zajczenko NI, Burrows AC, Dutta S, Goudarzi M, Mahen K, Carter A, Helsley RN, Gordon SM, Morton RE, Strauch C, Willard B, Gogonea CB, Gogonea V, Pedrelli M, Parini P, Brown JM. The nonvesicular sterol transporter Aster-C plays a minor role in whole body cholesterol balance. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1371096. [PMID: 38694206 PMCID: PMC11061533 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1371096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Aster-C protein (encoded by the Gramd1c gene) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein that has been reported to transport cholesterol from the plasma membrane to the ER. Although there is a clear role for the closely-related Aster-B protein in cholesterol transport and downstream esterification in the adrenal gland, the specific role for Aster-C in cholesterol homeostasis is not well understood. Here, we have examined whole body cholesterol balance in mice globally lacking Aster-C under low or high dietary cholesterol conditions. Method Age-matched Gramd1c +/+ and Gramd1c -/- mice were fed either low (0.02%, wt/wt) or high (0.2%, wt/wt) dietarycholesterol and levels of sterol-derived metabolites were assessed in the feces, liver, and plasma. Results Compared to wild type controls (Gramd1c +/+) mice, mice lackingGramd1c (Gramd1c -/-) have no significant alterations in fecal, liver, or plasma cholesterol. Given the potential role for Aster C in modulating cholesterol metabolism in diverse tissues, we quantified levels of cholesterol metabolites such as bile acids, oxysterols, and steroid hormones. Compared to Gramd1c +/+ controls, Gramd1c -/- mice had modestly reduced levels of select bile acid species and elevated cortisol levels, only under low dietary cholesterol conditions. However, the vast majority of bile acids, oxysterols, and steroid hormones were unaltered in Gramd1c -/- mice. Bulk RNA sequencing in the liver showed that Gramd1c -/- mice did not exhibit alterations in sterol-sensitive genes, but instead showed altered expression of genes in major urinary protein and cytochrome P450 (CYP) families only under low dietary cholesterol conditions. Discussion Collectively, these data indicate nominal effects of Aster-C on whole body cholesterol transport and metabolism under divergent dietary cholesterol conditions. These results strongly suggest that Aster-C alone is not sufficient to control whole body cholesterol balance, but can modestly impact circulating cortisol and bile acid levels when dietary cholesterol is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Rachel C. Hohe
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shijie Cao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Bryan M. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anthony J. Horak
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Iyappan Ramachandiran
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - William J. Massey
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Venkateshwari Varadharajan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Natalie I. Zajczenko
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Amy C. Burrows
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sumita Dutta
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Maryam Goudarzi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Kala Mahen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Abigail Carter
- Department of Physiology and the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Robert N. Helsley
- Department of Physiology and the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Scott M. Gordon
- Department of Physiology and the Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Richard E. Morton
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher Strauch
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Valentin Gogonea
- Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Matteo Pedrelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Paolo Parini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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8
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Tian Y, Jellinek MJ, Mehta K, Seok SM, Kuo SH, Lu W, Shi R, Lee R, Lau GW, Kemper JK, Zhang K, Ford DA, Wang B. Membrane phospholipid remodeling modulates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis progression by regulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Hepatology 2024; 79:882-897. [PMID: 36999536 PMCID: PMC10544743 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NASH, characterized by inflammation and fibrosis, is emerging as a leading etiology of HCC. Lipidomics analyses in the liver have shown that the levels of polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) are decreased in patients with NASH, but the roles of membrane PC composition in the pathogenesis of NASH have not been investigated. Lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3), a phospholipid (PL) remodeling enzyme that produces polyunsaturated PLs, is a major determinant of membrane PC content in the liver. APPROACH AND RESULTS The expression of LPCAT3 and the correlation between its expression and NASH severity were analyzed in human patient samples. We examined the effect of Lpcat3 deficiency on NASH progression using Lpcat3 liver-specific knockout (LKO) mice. RNA sequencing, lipidomics, and metabolomics were performed in liver samples. Primary hepatocytes and hepatic cell lines were used for in vitro analyses. We showed that LPCAT3 was dramatically suppressed in human NASH livers, and its expression was inversely correlated with NAFLD activity score and fibrosis stage. Loss of Lpcat3 in mouse liver promotes both spontaneous and diet-induced NASH/HCC. Mechanistically, Lpcat3 deficiency enhances reactive oxygen species production due to impaired mitochondrial homeostasis. Loss of Lpcat3 increases inner mitochondrial membrane PL saturation and elevates stress-induced autophagy, resulting in reduced mitochondrial content and increased fragmentation. Furthermore, overexpression of Lpcat3 in the liver ameliorates inflammation and fibrosis of NASH. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that membrane PL composition modulates the progression of NASH and that manipulating LPCAT3 expression could be an effective therapeutic for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J. Jellinek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kritika Mehta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sun Mi Seok
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Shanny Hsuan Kuo
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Ruicheng Shi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Gee W. Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jongsook Kim Kemper
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - David A. Ford
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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9
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Montero-Vallejo R, Maya-Miles D, Ampuero J, Martín F, Romero-Gómez M, Gallego-Durán R. Novel insights into metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease preclinical models. Liver Int 2024; 44:644-662. [PMID: 38291855 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of metabolic conditions associated with an excess of fat accumulation in the liver, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Finding appropriate tools to study its development and progression is essential to address essential unmet therapeutic and staging needs. This review discusses advantages and shortcomings of different dietary, chemical and genetic factors that can be used to mimic this disease and its progression in mice from a hepatic and metabolic point of view. Also, this review will highlight some additional factors and considerations that could have a strong impact on the outcomes of our model to end up providing recommendations and a checklist to facilitate the selection of the appropriate MASLD preclinical model based on clinical aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Montero-Vallejo
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Douglas Maya-Miles
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Ampuero
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Franz Martín
- Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine-CABIMER, University Pablo Olavide-University of Seville-CSIC, Seville, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network on Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases-CIBERDEM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
- Digestive Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rocío Gallego-Durán
- SeLiver Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla/CSIC/Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Hepatic and Digestive Diseases Networking Biomedical Research Centre (CIBERehd), Sevilla, Spain
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10
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Soto A, Spongberg C, Martinino A, Giovinazzo F. Exploring the Multifaceted Landscape of MASLD: A Comprehensive Synthesis of Recent Studies, from Pathophysiology to Organoids and Beyond. Biomedicines 2024; 12:397. [PMID: 38397999 PMCID: PMC10886580 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a widespread contributor to chronic liver disease globally. A recent consensus on renaming liver disease was established, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, MASLD, was chosen as the replacement for NAFLD. The disease's range extends from the less severe MASLD, previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), to the more intense metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), previously known as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by inflammation and apoptosis. This research project endeavors to comprehensively synthesize the most recent studies on MASLD, encompassing a wide spectrum of topics such as pathophysiology, risk factors, dietary influences, lifestyle management, genetics, epigenetics, therapeutic approaches, and the prospective trajectory of MASLD, particularly exploring its connection with organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Soto
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Colby Spongberg
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Great Falls, MT 59405, USA
| | | | - Francesco Giovinazzo
- General Surgery and Liver Transplant Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
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11
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Butcko AJ, Putman AK, Mottillo EP. The Intersection of Genetic Factors, Aberrant Nutrient Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in the Progression of Cardiometabolic Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:87. [PMID: 38247511 PMCID: PMC10812494 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic disease (CMD), which encompasses metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), has been increasing considerably in the past 50 years. CMD is a complex disease that can be influenced by genetics and environmental factors such as diet. With the increased reliance on processed foods containing saturated fats, fructose and cholesterol, a mechanistic understanding of how these molecules cause metabolic disease is required. A major pathway by which excessive nutrients contribute to CMD is through oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss how oxidative stress can drive CMD and the role of aberrant nutrient metabolism and genetic risk factors and how they potentially interact to promote progression of MAFLD, CVD and CKD. This review will focus on genetic mutations that are known to alter nutrient metabolism. We discuss the major genetic risk factors for MAFLD, which include Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), Membrane Bound O-Acyltransferase Domain Containing 7 (MBOAT7) and Transmembrane 6 Superfamily Member 2 (TM6SF2). In addition, mutations that prevent nutrient uptake cause hypercholesterolemia that contributes to CVD. We also discuss the mechanisms by which MAFLD, CKD and CVD are mutually associated with one another. In addition, some of the genetic risk factors which are associated with MAFLD and CVD are also associated with CKD, while some genetic risk factors seem to dissociate one disease from the other. Through a better understanding of the causative effect of genetic mutations in CMD and how aberrant nutrient metabolism intersects with our genetics, novel therapies and precision approaches can be developed for treating CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Butcko
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.J.B.); (A.K.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, 540 E. Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Ashley K. Putman
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.J.B.); (A.K.P.)
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, 784 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Emilio P. Mottillo
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, 6135 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (A.J.B.); (A.K.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, 540 E. Canfield Street, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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12
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Varadharajan V, Ramachandiran L, Massey WJ, Jain R, Banerjee R, Horak AJ, McMullen MR, Huang E, Bellar A, Lorkowski SW, Guilshan K, Helsley RN, James I, Pathak V, Dasarathy J, Welch N, Dasarathy S, Streem D, Reizes O, Allende DS, Smith JD, Simcox J, Nagy LE, Brown JM. Membrane Bound O-Acyltransferase 7 (MBOAT7) Shapes Lysosomal Lipid Homeostasis and Function to Control Alcohol-Associated Liver Injury. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.26.559533. [PMID: 37808828 PMCID: PMC10557709 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.26.559533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Several recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) near the gene encoding membrane-bound O -acyltransferase 7 ( MBOAT7 ) that is associated with advanced liver diseases. In fact, a common MBOAT7 variant (rs641738), which is associated with reduced MBOAT7 expression, confers increased susceptibility to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and liver fibrosis in those chronically infected with hepatitis viruses B and C. The MBOAT7 gene encodes a lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) acyltransferase enzyme that produces the most abundant form of phosphatidylinositol 38:4 (PI 18:0/20:4). Although these recent genetic studies clearly implicate MBOAT7 function in liver disease progression, the mechanism(s) by which MBOAT7-driven LPI acylation regulates liver disease is currently unknown. Previously we showed that antisense oligonucleotide (ASO)-mediated knockdown of Mboat7 promoted non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice (Helsley et al., 2019). Here, we provide mechanistic insights into how MBOAT7 loss of function promotes alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). In agreement with GWAS studies, we find that circulating levels of metabolic product of MBOAT7 (PI 38:4) are significantly reduced in heavy drinkers compared to age-matched healthy controls. Hepatocyte specific genetic deletion ( Mboat7 HSKO ), but not myeloid-specific deletion ( Mboat7 MSKO ), of Mboat7 in mice results in enhanced ethanol-induced hepatic steatosis and high concentrations of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Given MBOAT7 is a lipid metabolic enzyme, we performed comprehensive lipidomic profiling of the liver and identified a striking reorganization of the hepatic lipidome upon ethanol feeding in Mboat7 HSKO mice. Specifically, we observed large increases in the levels of endosomal/lysosomal lipids including bis(monoacylglycero)phosphates (BMP) and phosphatidylglycerols (PGs) in ethanol-exposed Mboat7 HSKO mice. In parallel, ethanol-fed Mboat7 HSKO mice exhibited marked dysregulation of autophagic flux and lysosomal biogenesis when exposed to ethanol. This was associated with impaired transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated lysosomal biogenesis and accumulation of autophagosomes. Collectively, this works provides new molecular insights into how genetic variation in MBOAT7 impacts ALD progression in humans and mice. This work is the first to causally link MBOAT7 loss of function in hepatocytes, but not myeloid cells, to ethanol-induced liver injury via dysregulation of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagic flux.
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13
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Radwan E, Abdelaziz A, Mandour MAM, Meki ARMA, El-Kholy MM, Mohamed MN. MBOAT7 expression is associated with disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:79. [PMID: 38183501 PMCID: PMC10771377 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019 caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 became one of the most challenging health emergencies, hence the necessity to find different prognostic factors for disease progression, and severity. Membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects through acting as a fine-tune regulator of the amount of cellular free arachidonic acid. We aimed in this study to evaluate MBOAT7 expression in COVID-19 patients and to correlate it with disease severity and outcomes. METHODS This case-control study included 56 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and 28 control subjects. Patients were further classified into moderate (n = 28) and severe (n = 28) cases. MBOAT7, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) mRNA levels were evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) samples isolated from patients and control subjects by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). In addition, circulating MBOAT7 protein levels were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Significant lower levels of circulating MBOAT7 mRNA and protein were observed in COVID-19 patients compared to control subjects with severe COVID-19 cases showing significant lower levels compared to moderate cases. Moreover, severe cases showed a significant upregulation of TNF-α and IL-1ß mRNA. MBOAT7 mRNA and protein levels were significantly correlated with inflammatory markers (TNF-α, IL-1ß, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin), liver enzymes, severity, and oxygen saturation levels. CONCLUSION COVID-19 is associated with downregulation of MBAOT7, which correlates with disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Radwan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt.
- Department of Biochemistry, Sphinx University, New Assiut City, Assiut 10, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Abdelaziz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Manal A M Mandour
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Raheim M A Meki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71515, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Sphinx University, New Assiut City, Assiut 10, Egypt
| | - Maha M El-Kholy
- Department of Chest diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwan N Mohamed
- Department of Chest diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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14
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Kaffe E, Tisi A, Magkrioti C, Aidinis V, Mehal WZ, Flavell RA, Maccarrone M. Bioactive signalling lipids as drivers of chronic liver diseases. J Hepatol 2024; 80:140-154. [PMID: 37741346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are important in multiple cellular functions, with most having structural or energy storage roles. However, a small fraction of lipids exert bioactive roles through binding to G protein-coupled receptors and induce a plethora of processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, growth, migration, apoptosis, senescence and survival. Bioactive signalling lipids are potent modulators of metabolism and energy homeostasis, inflammation, tissue repair and malignant transformation. All these events are involved in the initiation and progression of chronic liver diseases. In this review, we focus specifically on the roles of bioactive lipids derived from phospholipids (lyso-phospholipids) and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (eicosanoids, pro-resolving lipid mediators and endocannabinoids) in prevalent chronic liver diseases (alcohol-associated liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma). We discuss the balance between pathogenic and beneficial bioactive lipids as well as potential therapeutic targets related to the agonism or antagonism of their receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanna Kaffe
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 06511, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Annamaria Tisi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 16672, Athens, Greece
| | - Wajahat Z Mehal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 06511, New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy; Laboratory of Lipid Neurochemistry, European Center for Brain Research (CERC), Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Ren G, Bai C, Yi S, Cong Q, Zhu Y. Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies for MAFLD Targeting TLR4 Signaling Pathways. J Innate Immun 2023; 16:45-55. [PMID: 38128497 PMCID: PMC10783892 DOI: 10.1159/000535524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most common chronic liver diseases. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are intricate and involve various factors. Unfortunately, there is currently a lack of available effective treatment options. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern-recognition receptors that are responsible for activating the innate immune system. Research has demonstrated that TLR4 plays a pivotal role in the progression of MAFLD by facilitating the pathophysiological mechanisms. SUMMARY Lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory factors, insulin resistance (IR), and dysbiosis of intestinal microbiota are considered as the pathogenic mechanisms of MAFLD. This review summarizes the impact of TLR4 signaling pathways on the progression of MAFLD, specifically in relation to lipid metabolic disorders, IR, oxidative stress, and gut microbiota disorders. Additionally, we emphasize the potential therapeutic approaches for MAFLD that target TLR4 signaling pathways, including the use of plant extracts, traditional Chinese medicines, probiotics, pharmaceuticals such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor antagonists and farnesol X agonists, and lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes and exercise also considered. Furthermore, TLR4 signaling pathways have also been linked to the lean MAFLD. KEY MESSAGES TLR4 plays a crucial role in MAFLD by triggering IR, buildup of lipids, imbalance in gut microbiota, oxidative stress, and initiation of immune responses. The mitigation of MAFLD can be accomplished by suppressing the TLR4 signaling pathway. In the future, it could potentially emerge as a therapeutic target for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Ren
- Department of Infectious Disease, Liver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China,
| | - Changchuan Bai
- Dalian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Sitong Yi
- Department of Infectious Disease, Liver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingwei Cong
- Department of Infectious Disease, Liver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Liver Disease Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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16
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Valentine WJ, Shimizu T, Shindou H. Lysophospholipid acyltransferases orchestrate the compositional diversity of phospholipids. Biochimie 2023; 215:24-33. [PMID: 37611890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), in concert with glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) and phospholipase A1/2s, orchestrate the compositional diversity of the fatty chains in membrane phospholipids. Fourteen LPLAT enzymes which come from two distinct families, AGPAT and MBOAT, have been identified, and in this mini-review we provide an overview of their roles in de novo and remodeling pathways of membrane phospholipid biosynthesis. Recently new nomenclature for LPLATs has been introduced (LPLATx, where x is a number 1-14), and we also give an overview of key biological functions that have been discovered for LPLAT1-14, revealed primarily through studies of LPLAT-gene-deficient mice as well as by linkages to various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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17
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Zelows MM, Cady C, Dharanipragada N, Mead AE, Kipp ZA, Bates EA, Varadharajan V, Banerjee R, Park SH, Shelman NR, Clarke HA, Hawkinson TR, Medina T, Sun RC, Lydic TA, Hinds TD, Brown JM, Softic S, Graf GA, Helsley RN. Loss of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a reduces docosahexaenoic acid-containing phospholipids and drives sexually dimorphic liver disease in mice. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101815. [PMID: 37797918 PMCID: PMC10568566 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genome and epigenome wide association studies identified variants in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) that associate with lipid traits. The goal of this study was to determine the role of liver-specific CPT1a on hepatic lipid metabolism. APPROACH AND RESULTS Male and female liver-specific knockout (LKO) and littermate controls were placed on a low-fat or high-fat diet (60% kcal fat) for 15 weeks. Mice were necropsied after a 16 h fast, and tissues were collected for lipidomics, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging, kinome analysis, RNA-sequencing, and protein expression by immunoblotting. Female LKO mice had increased serum alanine aminotransferase levels which were associated with greater deposition of hepatic lipids, while male mice were not affected by CPT1a deletion relative to male control mice. Mice with CPT1a deletion had reductions in DHA-containing phospholipids at the expense of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)-containing phospholipids in whole liver and at the level of the lipid droplet (LD). Male and female LKO mice increased RNA levels of genes involved in LD lipolysis (Plin2, Cidec, G0S2) and in polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism (Elovl5, Fads1, Elovl2), while only female LKO mice increased genes involved in inflammation (Ly6d, Mmp12, Cxcl2). Kinase profiling showed decreased protein kinase A activity, which coincided with increased PLIN2, PLIN5, and G0S2 protein levels and decreased triglyceride hydrolysis in LKO mice. CONCLUSIONS Liver-specific deletion of CPT1a promotes sexually dimorphic steatotic liver disease (SLD) in mice, and here we have identified new mechanisms by which females are protected from HFD-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikala M Zelows
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Pharmacy, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Corissa Cady
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nikitha Dharanipragada
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anna E Mead
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Zachary A Kipp
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Evelyn A Bates
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Nathan R Shelman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Harrison A Clarke
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tara R Hawkinson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Terrymar Medina
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ramon C Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Todd A Lydic
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Terry D Hinds
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samir Softic
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Gregory A Graf
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Robert N Helsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Barnstable Brown Diabetes Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA; Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA.
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18
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Tian Y, Wang B. Unraveling the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases through genome-wide association studies. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 38:1877-1885. [PMID: 37592846 PMCID: PMC10693931 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant health burden around the world, affecting approximately 25% of the population. Recent advances in human genetic databases have allowed for the identification of various single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with NAFLD-related traits. Investigating the functions of these genetic factors provides insight into the pathogenesis of NAFLD and potentially identifies novel therapeutic targets for NAFLD. In this review, we summarized current research on genes with NAFLD-associated mutations, highlighting phospholipid remodeling and spatially clustered loci as common pathological and genetic features of these mutations. These features suggest a complex yet intriguing mechanism of dissociated steatosis and insulin resistance, which is observed in a subset of patients and may lead to more precise therapy against NAFLD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tian
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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19
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Caddeo A, Spagnuolo R, Maurotti S. MBOAT7 in liver and extrahepatic diseases. Liver Int 2023; 43:2351-2364. [PMID: 37605540 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
MBOAT7 is a protein anchored to endomembranes by several transmembrane domains. It has a catalytic dyad involved in remodelling of phosphatidylinositol with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Genetic variants in the MBOAT7 gene have been associated with the entire spectrum of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD), recently redefined as metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and, lately, steatotic liver disease (SLD), and to an increasing number of extrahepatic conditions. In this review, we will (a) elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which MBOAT7 loss-of-function predisposes to MAFLD and neurodevelopmental disorders and (b) discuss the growing number of genetic studies linking MBOAT7 to hepatic and extrahepatic diseases. MBOAT7 complete loss of function causes severe changes in brain development resulting in several neurological manifestations. Lower MBOAT7 hepatic expression at both the mRNA and protein levels, due to missense nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the locus containing the MBOAT7 gene, affects specifically metabolic and viral diseases in the liver from simple steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma, and potentially COVID-19 disease. This body of evidence shows that phosphatidylinositol remodelling is a key factor for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rocco Spagnuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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20
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Zhang JB, Li MT, Lin SZ, Cheng YQ, Fan JG, Chen YW. Therapeutic Effect of Prolyl Endopeptidase Inhibitor in High-fat Diet-induced Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:1035-1049. [PMID: 37577240 PMCID: PMC10412699 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Prolyl endopeptidase (PREP) is a serine endopeptidase that participates in many pathological processes including inflammation, oxidative stress, and autophagy. Our previous studies found that PREP knockout exhibited multiple benefits in high-fat diet (HFD) or methionine choline-deficient diet-induced metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). However, cumulative studies have suggested that PREP performs complex functions during disease development. Therefore, further understanding the role of PREP in MAFLD development is the foundation of PREP intervention. Methods In this study, an HFD-induced MAFLD model at different time points (4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks) was used to explore dynamic changes in the PREP proline-glycine-proline (PGP)/N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (AcSDKP) system. To explore its potential value in MAFLD treatment, saline, or the PREP inhibitor, KYP-2047, was administered to HFD-induced MAFLD mice from the 10th to 16th weeks. Results PREP activity and expression were increased in HFD-mice compared with control mice from the 12th week onwards, and increased PREP mainly resulted in the activation of the matrix metalloproteinase 8/9 (MMP8/9)-PREP-PGP axis rather than the thymosin β4-meprin α/PREP-AcSDKP axis. In addition, KYP-2047 reduced HFD-induced liver injury and oxidative stress, improved lipid metabolism through the suppression of lipogenic genes and the induction of β-oxidation-related genes, and attenuated hepatic inflammation by decreasing MMP8/9 and PGP. Moreover, KYP2047 restored HFD-induced impaired autophagy and this was verified in HepG2 cells. Conclusions These findings suggest that increased PREP activity/expression during MAFLD development might be a key factor in the transition from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, and KYP-2047 might possess therapeutic potential for MAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng-Ting Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang-Zhe Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qing Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Gao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Wen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Phadnis VV, Snider J, Varadharajan V, Ramachandiran I, Deik AA, Lai ZW, Kunchok T, Eaton EN, Sebastiany C, Lyakisheva A, Vaccaro KD, Allen J, Yao Z, Wong V, Geng B, Weiskopf K, Clish CB, Brown JM, Stagljar I, Weinberg RA, Henry WS. MMD collaborates with ACSL4 and MBOAT7 to promote polyunsaturated phosphatidylinositol remodeling and susceptibility to ferroptosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113023. [PMID: 37691145 PMCID: PMC10591818 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of regulated cell death with roles in degenerative diseases and cancer. Excessive iron-catalyzed peroxidation of membrane phospholipids, especially those containing the polyunsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA), is central in driving ferroptosis. Here, we reveal that an understudied Golgi-resident scaffold protein, MMD, promotes susceptibility to ferroptosis in ovarian and renal carcinoma cells in an ACSL4- and MBOAT7-dependent manner. Mechanistically, MMD physically interacts with both ACSL4 and MBOAT7, two enzymes that catalyze sequential steps to incorporate AA in phosphatidylinositol (PI) lipids. Thus, MMD increases the flux of AA into PI, resulting in heightened cellular levels of AA-PI and other AA-containing phospholipid species. This molecular mechanism points to a pro-ferroptotic role for MBOAT7 and AA-PI, with potential therapeutic implications, and reveals that MMD is an important regulator of cellular lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi V Phadnis
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie Snider
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Venkateshwari Varadharajan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Iyappan Ramachandiran
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Amy A Deik
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tenzin Kunchok
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Elinor Ng Eaton
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Anna Lyakisheva
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kyle D Vaccaro
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Juliet Allen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Zhong Yao
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Victoria Wong
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Betty Geng
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Kipp Weiskopf
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Igor Stagljar
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Mediterranean Institute for Life Sciences, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Robert A Weinberg
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Whitney S Henry
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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22
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Zelows MM, Cady C, Dharanipragada N, Mead AE, Kipp ZA, Bates EA, Varadharajan V, Banerjee R, Park SH, Shelman NR, Clarke HA, Hawkinson TR, Medina T, Sun RC, Lydic TA, Hinds TD, Brown JM, Softic S, Graf GA, Helsley RN. Loss of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1a Reduces Docosahexaenoic Acid-Containing Phospholipids and Drives Sexually Dimorphic Liver Disease in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.17.553705. [PMID: 37645721 PMCID: PMC10462091 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.17.553705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aims Genome and epigenome wide association studies identified variants in carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1a) that associate with lipid traits. The goal of this study was to determine the impact by which liver-specific CPT1a deletion impacts hepatic lipid metabolism. Approach and Results Six-to-eight-week old male and female liver-specific knockout (LKO) and littermate controls were placed on a low-fat or high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal fat) for 15 weeks. Mice were necropsied after a 16 hour fast, and tissues were collected for lipidomics, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), kinome analysis, RNA-sequencing, and protein expression by immunoblotting. Female LKO mice had increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels which were associated with greater deposition of hepatic lipids, while male mice were not affected by CPT1a deletion relative to male control mice. Mice with CPT1a deletion had reductions in DHA-containing phospholipids at the expense of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)-containing phospholipids in both whole liver and at the level of the lipid droplet (LD). Male and female LKO mice increased RNA levels of genes involved in LD lipolysis ( Plin2 , Cidec , G0S2 ) and in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism ( Elovl5, Fads1, Elovl2 ), while only female LKO mice increased genes involved in inflammation ( Ly6d, Mmp12, Cxcl2 ). Kinase profiling showed decreased protein kinase A (PKA) activity, which coincided with increased PLIN2, PLIN5, and G0S2 protein levels and decreased triglyceride hydrolysis in LKO mice. Conclusions Liver-specific deletion of CPT1a promotes sexually dimorphic steatotic liver disease (SLD) in mice, and here we have identified new mechanisms by which females are protected from HFD-induced liver injury. Graphical Summary
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23
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Ocker M, Neureiter D. Gene expression inhibitors for the treatment of liver fibrosis: drugs under preclinical and early clinical investigation. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:1133-1141. [PMID: 37997755 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2288075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Liver fibrosis represents an unmet medical condition with growing incidence and only limited therapeutic options. Interfering with dysregulated gene expression was considered a specific treatment approach, and we are here reviewing the current options to modulate transcription and translation with small molecule inhibitors of involved enzymes, transcription factors or by using non-coding RNA molecules (RNA interference) or DNA antisense oligonucleotides. Despite promising results in preclinical models, only limited data are available from studies in humans. AREAS COVERED This expert opinion provides a general overview of how to interfere with gene expression (transcription and translation) and highlighting recent achievements in liver fibrosis. EXPERT OPINION Many compounds that were explored to modulate gene expression in liver fibrosis (models) were developed as anti-cancer agents. Their use in humans with impaired liver function is often impaired by the lack of specificity to inhibit only fibrosis-related genes in the liver and by associated general toxicity and narrow therapeutic windows. RNAi approaches show a higher degree of specificity and potentially less systemic toxicity. Clinical development in liver fibrosis requires close interaction between pharmaceutical companies and regulatory authorities to address topics like relevant (surrogate) endpoints to achieve meaningful readouts faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Ocker
- Medical Department, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Cancer Immunology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- EO Translational Insights Consulting GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- Tacalyx GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Neureiter
- Institute of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University/University Hospital Salzburg (SALK), Salzburg, Austria
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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24
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Xu X, Xu H, Liu X, Zhang S, Cao Z, Qiu L, Du X, Liu Y, Wang G, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Zhang J. MBOAT7 rs641738 (C>T) is associated with NAFLD progression in men and decreased ASCVD risk in elder Chinese population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1199429. [PMID: 37424875 PMCID: PMC10324031 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1199429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The MBOAT7 rs641738 (C>T) variant has demonstrated an association with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in both adult and pediatric patients, while few studies have been conducted in elderly populations. Hence, a case-control study was undertaken to assess their correlation in elderly residents in a Beijing community. Materials and methods A total of 1,287 participants were included. Medical history, abdominal ultrasound, and laboratory tests were recorded. Liver fat content and fibrosis stage were detected by Fibroscan. Genotyping of genomic DNA was performed using the 96.96 genotyping integrated fluidics circuit. Results Of the recruited subjects, 638 subjects (56.60%) had NAFLD, and 398 subjects (35.28%) had atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). T allele carriage was associated with higher ALT (p=0.005) and significant fibrosis in male NAFLD patients (p=0.005) compared to CC genotype. TT genotype was associated with reduced risk of metabolic syndrome (OR=0.589, 95%CI: 0.114-0.683, p=0.005) and type 2 diabetes (OR=0.804, 95%CI: 0.277-0.296, p=0.048) in NAFLD population when compared to the CC genotype. In addition, TT genotype was also associated with reduced risk of ASCVD (OR=0.570, 95%CI:0.340-0.953, p=0.032) and less obesity (OR=0.545, 95%CI: 0.346-0.856, p=0.008) in the whole population. Conclusion MBOAT7 rs641738 (C>T) variant was associated with fibrosis in male NAFLD patients. The variant also reduced risk of metabolic traits and type 2 diabetes in NAFLD and ASCVD risk in Chinese elders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Xu
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hangfei Xu
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Menkuang Hospital, Beijing Jingmei Group General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhuan Cao
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lixia Qiu
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofei Du
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Liu
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Menkuang Hospital, Beijing Jingmei Group General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Menkuang Hospital, Beijing Jingmei Group General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Third Unit, The Department of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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25
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Bornfeldt KE. Adipocyte phosphatidylinositol biosynthesis via the Lands cycle protects against insulin resistance. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100383. [PMID: 37127068 PMCID: PMC10239062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, UW Medicine Diabetes Institute and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Amorim R, Magalhães CC, Borges F, Oliveira PJ, Teixeira J. From Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver to Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Story of (Mal)Adapted Mitochondria. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040595. [PMID: 37106795 PMCID: PMC10135755 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global pandemic affecting 25% of the world's population and is a serious health and economic concern worldwide. NAFLD is mainly the result of unhealthy dietary habits combined with sedentary lifestyle, although some genetic contributions to NAFLD have been documented. NAFLD is characterized by the excessive accumulation of triglycerides (TGs) in hepatocytes and encompasses a spectrum of chronic liver abnormalities, ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL) to steatohepatitis (NASH), significant liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the molecular mechanisms that cause the progression of steatosis to severe liver damage are not fully understood, metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in the development and progression of NAFLD. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo functional and structural adaptations to meet the metabolic requirements of the cell. Alterations in nutrient availability or cellular energy needs can modify mitochondria formation through biogenesis or the opposite processes of fission and fusion and fragmentation. In NAFL, simple steatosis can be seen as an adaptive response to storing lipotoxic free fatty acids (FFAs) as inert TGs due to chronic perturbation in lipid metabolism and lipotoxic insults. However, when liver hepatocytes' adaptive mechanisms are overburdened, lipotoxicity occurs, contributing to reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Impaired mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, reduction in mitochondrial quality, and disrupted mitochondrial function are associated with a decrease in the energy levels and impaired redox balance and negatively affect mitochondria hepatocyte tolerance towards damaging hits. However, the sequence of events underlying mitochondrial failure from steatosis to hepatocarcinoma is still yet to be fully clarified. This review provides an overview of our understanding of mitochondrial adaptation in initial NAFLD stages and highlights how hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and heterogeneity contribute to disease pathophysiology progression, from steatosis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Improving our understanding of different aspects of hepatocytes' mitochondrial physiology in the context of disease development and progression is crucial to improving diagnosis, management, and therapy of NAFLD/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Amorim
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina C Magalhães
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB-Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Ferguson D, Eichler SJ, Yiew NKH, Colca JR, Cho K, Patti GJ, Shew TM, Lutkewitte AJ, Mukherjee S, McCommis KS, Niemi NM, Finck BN. Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier inhibition initiates metabolic crosstalk to stimulate branched chain amino acid catabolism. Mol Metab 2023; 70:101694. [PMID: 36801448 PMCID: PMC9989691 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) has emerged as a therapeutic target for treating insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We evaluated whether MPC inhibitors (MPCi) might correct impairments in branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, which are predictive of developing diabetes and NASH. METHODS Circulating BCAA concentrations were measured in people with NASH and type 2 diabetes, who participated in a recent randomized, placebo-controlled Phase IIB clinical trial to test the efficacy and safety of the MPCi MSDC-0602K (EMMINENCE; NCT02784444). In this 52-week trial, patients were randomly assigned to placebo (n = 94) or 250 mg MSDC-0602K (n = 101). Human hepatoma cell lines and mouse primary hepatocytes were used to test the direct effects of various MPCi on BCAA catabolism in vitro. Lastly, we investigated how hepatocyte-specific deletion of MPC2 affects BCAA metabolism in the liver of obese mice and MSDC-0602K treatment of Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. RESULTS In patients with NASH, MSDC-0602K treatment, which led to marked improvements in insulin sensitivity and diabetes, had decreased plasma concentrations of BCAAs compared to baseline while placebo had no effect. The rate-limiting enzyme in BCAA catabolism is the mitochondrial branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), which is deactivated by phosphorylation. In multiple human hepatoma cell lines, MPCi markedly reduced BCKDH phosphorylation and stimulated branched chain keto acid catabolism; an effect that required the BCKDH phosphatase PPM1K. Mechanistically, the effects of MPCi were linked to activation of the energy sensing AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase signaling cascades in vitro. BCKDH phosphorylation was reduced in liver of obese, hepatocyte-specific MPC2 knockout (LS-Mpc2-/-) mice compared to wild-type controls concomitant with activation of mTOR signaling in vivo. Finally, while MSDC-0602K treatment improved glucose homeostasis and increased the concentrations of some BCAA metabolites in ZDF rats, it did not lower plasma BCAA concentrations. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate novel cross talk between mitochondrial pyruvate and BCAA metabolism and suggest that MPC inhibition leads to lower plasma BCAA concentrations and BCKDH phosphorylation by activating the mTOR axis. However, the effects of MPCi on glucose homeostasis may be separable from its effects on BCAA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Sophie J Eichler
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Nicole K H Yiew
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Jerry R Colca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, Cirius Therapeutics, Kalamazoo, MI, United States
| | - Kevin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, United States; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, United States; Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, United States; Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, United States; Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Trevor M Shew
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Andrew J Lutkewitte
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Kyle S McCommis
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Natalie M Niemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, United States
| | - Brian N Finck
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, United States.
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Massey WJ, Varadharajan V, Banerjee R, Brown AL, Horak AJ, Hohe RC, Jung BM, Qiu Y, Chan ER, Pan C, Zhang R, Allende DS, Willard B, Cheng F, Lusis AJ, Brown JM. MBOAT7-driven lysophosphatidylinositol acylation in adipocytes contributes to systemic glucose homeostasis. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100349. [PMID: 36806709 PMCID: PMC10041558 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that antisense oligonucleotide-mediated knockdown of Mboat7, the gene encoding membrane bound O-acyltransferase 7, in the liver and adipose tissue of mice promoted high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, hyperinsulinemia, and systemic insulin resistance. Thereafter, other groups showed that hepatocyte-specific genetic deletion of Mboat7 promoted striking fatty liver and NAFLD progression in mice but does not alter insulin sensitivity, suggesting the potential for cell autonomous roles. Here, we show that MBOAT7 function in adipocytes contributes to diet-induced metabolic disturbances including hyperinsulinemia and systemic insulin resistance. We generated Mboat7 floxed mice and created hepatocyte- and adipocyte-specific Mboat7 knockout mice using Cre-recombinase mice under the control of the albumin and adiponectin promoter, respectively. Here, we show that MBOAT7 function in adipocytes contributes to diet-induced metabolic disturbances including hyperinsulinemia and systemic insulin resistance. The expression of Mboat7 in white adipose tissue closely correlates with diet-induced obesity across a panel of ∼100 inbred strains of mice fed a high fat/high sucrose diet. Moreover, we found that adipocyte-specific genetic deletion of Mboat7 is sufficient to promote hyperinsulinemia, systemic insulin resistance, and mild fatty liver. Unlike in the liver, where Mboat7 plays a relatively minor role in maintaining arachidonic acid-containing PI pools, Mboat7 is the major source of arachidonic acid-containing PI pools in adipose tissue. Our data demonstrate that MBOAT7 is a critical regulator of adipose tissue PI homeostasis, and adipocyte MBOAT7-driven PI biosynthesis is closely linked to hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Massey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Venkateshwari Varadharajan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amanda L Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anthony J Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rachel C Hohe
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bryan M Jung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yunguang Qiu
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E Ricky Chan
- Institute for Computational Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renliang Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniela S Allende
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Human Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Dai Y, Lin X, Liu N, Shi L, Zhuo F, Huang Q, Gu W, Zhao F, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Pan Y, Zhang S. Integrative analysis of transcriptomic and metabolomic profiles reveals abnormal phosphatidylinositol metabolism in follicles from endometriosis‐associated infertility patients. J Pathol 2023. [PMID: 36992523 DOI: 10.1002/path.6079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Endometriosis is a common gynecological disorder that causes female infertility. Our recent research found that excessive oxidative stress in ovaries of endometriosis patients induced senescence of cumulus granulosa cells. Here, we analyzed the transcriptomic and metabolomics profiles of follicles in a mouse model of endometriosis and in patients with endometriosis and investigated the potential function of changed metabolites in granulosa cells. RNA-sequencing indicated that both endometriosis lesions and oxidative stress in mice induced abnormalities of reactive oxidative stress, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and lipid metabolism. The mouse model and women with endometriosis showed altered lipid metabolism. Nontargeted metabolite profiling of follicular fluid from endometriosis and male-factor infertility patients by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry identified 55 upregulated and 67 downregulated metabolites. These differential metabolites were mainly involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Phosphatidylinositol (PI 16:0/18:2) was significantly elevated in follicular fluid from endometriosis patients compared with controls (p < 0.05), while lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI 18:2, 20:2, 18:1, 20:3 and 18:3) was reduced (p < 0.05). Upregulated PI and downregulated LPI correlated with oocyte retrieval number and mature oocyte number. LPI inhibited cellular reactive oxidative stress induced by hemin in granulosa cells. Cell proliferation inhibition, senescence, and apoptosis induced by hemin were partially reversed by LPI. Moreover, LPI administration rescued hemin blocking of cumulus-oocyte complex expansion and stimulated expression of ovulation-related genes. Transcriptomic Switching mechanism at 5' end of the RNA transcript sequencing and western blot revealed that LPI effects on granulosa cells were associated with its regulation of MAPK-ERK1/2 signaling, which was suppressed in the presence of hemin. In conclusion, our results revealed the dysregulation of lipid metabolism in endometriotic follicles. LPI may represent a novel agent for in vitro follicular culture that reverses the excessive oxidative stress from endometriotic lesions. © 2023 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Dai
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Na Liu
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Libing Shi
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Feng Zhuo
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Qianmeng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Weijia Gu
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fanxuan Zhao
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yinli Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yinbin Pan
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Songying Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Dysfunction Management of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
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Wiering L, Subramanian P, Hammerich L. Hepatic Stellate Cells: Dictating Outcome in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 15:1277-1292. [PMID: 36828280 PMCID: PMC10148161 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a fast growing, chronic liver disease affecting ∼25% of the global population. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease severity ranges from the less severe simple hepatic steatosis to the more advanced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The presence of NASH predisposes individuals to liver fibrosis, which can further progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. This makes hepatic fibrosis an important indicator of clinical outcomes in patients with NASH. Hepatic stellate cell activation dictates fibrosis development during NASH. Here, we discuss recent advances in the analysis of the profibrogenic pathways and mediators of hepatic stellate cell activation and inactivation, which ultimately determine the course of disease in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leke Wiering
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Junior Clinician Scientist Program, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pallavi Subramanian
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Hammerich
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum and Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.
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Sharpe MC, Pyles KD, Hallcox T, Kamm DR, Piechowski M, Fisk B, Albert CJ, Carpenter DH, Ulmasov B, Ford DA, Neuschwander-Tetri BA, McCommis KS. Enhancing Hepatic MBOAT7 Expression in Mice With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. GASTRO HEP ADVANCES 2023; 2:558-572. [PMID: 37293574 PMCID: PMC10249591 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastha.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Polymorphisms near the membrane bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 (MBOAT7) genes are associated with worsened nonalcoholic fatty liver (NASH), and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/NASH may decrease MBOAT7 expression independent of these polymorphisms. We hypothesized that enhancing MBOAT7 function would improve NASH. METHODS Genomic and lipidomic databases were mined for MBOAT7 expression and hepatic phosphatidylinositol (PI) abundance in human NAFLD/NASH. Male C57BL6/J mice were fed either choline-deficient high-fat diet or Gubra Amylin NASH diet and subsequently infected with adeno-associated virus expressing MBOAT7 or control virus. NASH histological scoring and lipidomic analyses were performed to assess MBOAT7 activity, hepatic PI, and lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) abundance. RESULTS Human NAFLD/NASH decreases MBOAT7 expression and hepatic abundance of arachidonate-containing PI. Murine NASH models display subtle changes in MBOAT7 expression, but significantly decreased activity. After MBOAT7 overexpression, liver weights, triglycerides, and plasma alanine and aspartate transaminase were modestly improved by MBOAT7 overexpression, but NASH histology was not improved. Despite confirmation of increased activity with MBOAT7 overexpression, content of the main arachidonoylated PI species was not rescued by MBOAT7 although the abundance of many PI species was increased. Free arachidonic acid was elevated but the MBOAT7 substrate arachidonoyl-CoA was decreased in NASH livers compared to low-fat controls, likely due to the decreased expression of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases. CONCLUSION Results suggest decreased MBOAT7 activity plays a role in NASH, but MBOAT7 overexpression fails to measurably improve NASH pathology potentially due to the insufficient abundance of its arachidonoyl-CoA substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C. Sharpe
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kelly D. Pyles
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Taylor Hallcox
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dakota R. Kamm
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michaela Piechowski
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bryan Fisk
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Carolyn J. Albert
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Barbara Ulmasov
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David A. Ford
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Brent A. Neuschwander-Tetri
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kyle S. McCommis
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Plasma Metabolite Signatures in Male Carriers of Genetic Variants Associated with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020267. [PMID: 36837886 PMCID: PMC9964056 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Both genetic and non-genetic factors are important in the pathophysiology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of our study was to identify novel metabolites and pathways associated with NAFLD by including both genetic and non-genetic factors in statistical analyses. We genotyped six genetic variants in the PNPLA3, TM6SF2, MBOAT7, GCKR, PPP1R3B, and HSD17B13 genes reported to be associated with NAFLD. Non-targeted metabolomic profiling was performed from plasma samples. We applied a previously validated fatty liver index to identify participants with NAFLD. First, we associated the six genetic variants with 1098 metabolites in 2 339 men without NAFLD to determine the effects of the genetic variants on metabolites, and then in 2 535 men with NAFLD to determine the joint effects of genetic variants and non-genetic factors on metabolites. We identified several novel metabolites and metabolic pathways, especially for PNPLA3, GCKR, and PPP1R38 variants relevant to the pathophysiology of NAFLD. Importantly, we showed that each genetic variant for NAFLD had a specific metabolite signature. The plasma metabolite signature was unique for each genetic variant, suggesting that several metabolites and different pathways are involved in the risk of NAFLD. The FLI index reliably identifies metabolites for NAFLD in large population-based studies.
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What do we know about nutrient-based strategies targeting molecular mechanisms associated with obesity-related fatty liver disease? Ann Hepatol 2023; 28:100874. [PMID: 36371078 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the associated molecular mechanisms could be targeted with nutrient-based strategies. Therefore, it is necessary to review the current mechanisms to propose further treatments. Obesity facilitates the onset of insulin resistance, lipidic abnormalities, hepatic fat accumulation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and inflammation, all related to further steatosis progression and fibrosis. Microbiota alterations can also influence liver disease by the translocation of pathogenic bacteria, energy extraction from short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), intestinal suppression of the expression of fasting-induced adipose factor (FIAF), reduction of bile acids, and altered choline metabolism. There are also genetic polymorphisms in metabolic proteins that predispose to a higher risk of liver diseases, such as those found in the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3), transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2), membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7) or also known as lysophosphatidylinositol acyltransferase 1 (LPIAT1), transmembrane channel-like 4 genes (TMC4), fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), the b Klotho (KLB) and carboxylesterase (CES1). No clear dietary guidelines target all mechanisms related to NAFLD development and progression. However, energy and carbohydrate intake restriction, regular physical exercise, supplementation of antioxidants, and restoration of gut microbiota seem to have beneficial effects on the new proposed features of NAFLD.
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Osborn LJ, Schultz K, Massey W, DeLucia B, Choucair I, Varadharajan V, Banerjee R, Fung K, Horak AJ, Orabi D, Nemet I, Nagy LE, Wang Z, Allende DS, Willard BB, Sangwan N, Hajjar AM, McDonald C, Ahern PP, Hazen SL, Brown JM, Claesen J. A gut microbial metabolite of dietary polyphenols reverses obesity-driven hepatic steatosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202934119. [PMID: 36417437 PMCID: PMC9860326 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202934119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which dietary fruits and vegetables confer cardiometabolic benefits remain poorly understood. Historically, these beneficial properties have been attributed to the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. Here, we reveal that the host metabolic benefits associated with flavonoid consumption hinge, in part, on gut microbial metabolism. Specifically, we show that a single gut microbial flavonoid catabolite, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPAA), is sufficient to reduce diet-induced cardiometabolic disease (CMD) burden in mice. The addition of flavonoids to a high fat diet heightened the levels of 4-HPAA within the portal plasma and attenuated obesity, and continuous delivery of 4-HPAA was sufficient to reverse hepatic steatosis. The antisteatotic effect was shown to be associated with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). In a large survey of healthy human gut metagenomes, just over one percent contained homologs of all four characterized bacterial genes required to catabolize flavonols into 4-HPAA. Our results demonstrate the gut microbial contribution to the metabolic benefits associated with flavonoid consumption and underscore the rarity of this process in human gut microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Karlee Schultz
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- College of Arts and Sciences, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH44118
| | - William Massey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Beckey DeLucia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Ibrahim Choucair
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Venkateshwari Varadharajan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Kevin Fung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Anthony J. Horak
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Danny Orabi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Ina Nemet
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Laura E. Nagy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Daniela S. Allende
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Belinda B. Willard
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Adeline M. Hajjar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Christine McDonald
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Philip P. Ahern
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Stanley L. Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart Vascular, and Thoracic Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
| | - Jan Claesen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH44195
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH44195
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Riazi K, Swain MG, Congly SE, Kaplan GG, Shaheen AA. Race and Ethnicity in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:4556. [PMID: 36364818 PMCID: PMC9658200 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant public health concern worldwide with a complex etiology attributed to behavioural, environmental, and genetic causes. The worldwide prevalence of NAFLD is estimated to be 32.4% and constantly rising. Global data, however, indicate considerable heterogeneity among studies for both NAFLD prevalence and incidence. Identifying variables that affect the estimated epidemiological measures is essential to all stakeholders, including patients, researchers, healthcare providers, and policymakers. Besides helping with the research on disease etiology, it helps to identify individuals at risk of the disease, which in turn will outline the focus of the preventive measures and help to fittingly tailor individualized treatments, targeted prevention, screening, or treatment programs. Several studies suggest differences in the prevalence and severity of NAFLD by race or ethnicity, which may be linked to differences in lifestyle, diet, metabolic comorbidity profile, and genetic background, among others. Race/ethnicity research is essential as it can provide valuable information regarding biological and genetic differences among people with similar cultural, dietary, and geographical backgrounds. In this review, we examined the existing literature on race/ethnicity differences in susceptibility to NAFLD and discussed the contributing variables to such differences, including diet and physical activity, the comorbidity profile, and genetic susceptibility. We also reviewed the limitations of race/ethnicity studies in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarash Riazi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Mark G. Swain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Stephen E. Congly
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Gilaad G. Kaplan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Abdel-Aziz Shaheen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
- O’Brien Institute for Public Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada
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Varadharajan V, Massey WJ, Brown JM. Membrane-bound O-acyltransferase 7 (MBOAT7)-driven phosphatidylinositol remodeling in advanced liver disease. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100234. [PMID: 35636492 PMCID: PMC9240865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced liver diseases account for approximately 2 million deaths annually worldwide. Roughly, half of liver disease-associated deaths arise from complications of cirrhosis and the other half driven by viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Unfortunately, the development of therapeutic strategies to treat subjects with advanced liver disease has been hampered by a lack of mechanistic understanding of liver disease progression and a lack of human-relevant animal models. An important advance has been made within the past several years, as several genome-wide association studies have discovered that an SNP near the gene encoding membrane-bound O-acyltransferase 7 (MBOAT7) is associated with severe liver diseases. This common MBOAT7 variant (rs641738, C>T), which reduces MBOAT7 expression, confers increased susceptibility to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, alcohol-associated liver disease, and liver fibrosis in patients chronically infected with viral hepatitis. Recent studies in mice also show that Mboat7 loss of function can promote hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, causally linking this phosphatidylinositol remodeling enzyme to liver health in both rodents and humans. Herein, we review recent insights into the mechanisms by which MBOAT7-driven phosphatidylinositol remodeling influences liver disease progression and discuss how rapid progress in this area could inform drug discovery moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkateshwari Varadharajan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - William J Massey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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The Role of Insulin Resistance in Fueling NAFLD Pathogenesis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Implications. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133649. [PMID: 35806934 PMCID: PMC9267803 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a predominant hepatopathy that is rapidly becoming the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. The close association with metabolic syndrome’s extrahepatic components has suggested the nature of the systemic metabolic-related disorder based on the interplay between genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors, creating a complex network of yet-unclarified pathogenetic mechanisms in which the role of insulin resistance (IR) could be crucial. This review detailed the clinical and pathogenetic evidence involved in the NAFLD–IR relationship, presenting both the classic and more innovative models. In particular, we focused on the reciprocal effects of IR, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation on insulin-sensitivity disruption in critical regions such as the hepatic and the adipose tissue, while considering the impact of genetics/epigenetics on the regulation of IR mechanisms as well as nutrients on specific insulin-related gene expression (nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics). In addition, we discussed the emerging capability of the gut microbiota to interfere with physiological signaling of the hormonal pathways responsible for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and by inducing an abnormal activation of the immune system. The translation of these novel findings into clinical practice could promote the expansion of accurate diagnostic/prognostic stratification tools and tailored pharmacological approaches.
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Fibrogenic Pathways in Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136996. [PMID: 35805998 PMCID: PMC9266719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently also re-defined as metabolic dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), is rapidly increasing, affecting ~25% of the world population. MALFD/NAFLD represents a spectrum of liver pathologies including the more benign hepatic steatosis and the more advanced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is associated with enhanced risk for liver fibrosis and progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) activation underlies NASH-related fibrosis. Here, we discuss the profibrogenic pathways, which lead to HSC activation and fibrogenesis, with a particular focus on the intercellular hepatocyte–HSC and macrophage–HSC crosstalk.
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Li H, Liang J, Han M, Wang X, Ren Y, Wang Y, Huang J, Li S, Liu C, Wang Z, Yue T, Gao Z. Sequentially fermented dealcoholized apple juice intervenes fatty liver induced by high-fat diets via modulation of intestinal flora and gene pathways. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. It refers to a range of liver conditions affecting people who drink little or no alcohol. NAFLD comprises non-alcoholic fatty liver and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the more aggressive form of NAFLD. NASH is featured by steatosis, lobular inflammation, hepatocyte injury, and various degrees of fibrosis. Although much progress has been made over the past decades, the pathogenic mechanism of NAFLD remains to be fully elucidated. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is a nuclear hormone receptor that is highly expressed in hepatocytes. Hepatic HNF4α expression is markedly reduced in NAFLD patients and mouse models of NASH. HNF4α has been shown to regulate bile acid, lipid, glucose, and drug metabolism. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of NAFLD with a focus on the regulation of HNF4α and the role of hepatic HNF4α in NAFLD. Several lines of evidence have shown that hepatic HNF4α plays a key role in the initiation and progression of NAFLD. Recent data suggest that hepatic HNF4α may be a promising target for treatment of NAFLD.
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Helsley RN, Miyata T, Kadam A, Varadharajan V, Sangwan N, Huang EC, Banerjee R, Brown AL, Fung KK, Massey WJ, Neumann C, Orabi D, Osborn LJ, Schugar RC, McMullen MR, Bellar A, Poulsen KL, Kim A, Pathak V, Mrdjen M, Anderson JT, Willard B, McClain CJ, Mitchell M, McCullough AJ, Radaeva S, Barton B, Szabo G, Dasarathy S, Garcia-Garcia JC, Rotroff DM, Allende DS, Wang Z, Hazen SL, Nagy LE, Brown JM. Gut microbial trimethylamine is elevated in alcohol-associated hepatitis and contributes to ethanol-induced liver injury in mice. eLife 2022; 11:e76554. [PMID: 35084335 PMCID: PMC8853661 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is mounting evidence that microbes residing in the human intestine contribute to diverse alcohol-associated liver diseases (ALD) including the most deadly form known as alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH). However, mechanisms by which gut microbes synergize with excessive alcohol intake to promote liver injury are poorly understood. Furthermore, whether drugs that selectively target gut microbial metabolism can improve ALD has never been tested. We used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to quantify the levels of microbe and host choline co-metabolites in healthy controls and AH patients, finding elevated levels of the microbial metabolite trimethylamine (TMA) in AH. In subsequent studies, we treated mice with non-lethal bacterial choline TMA lyase (CutC/D) inhibitors to blunt gut microbe-dependent production of TMA in the context of chronic ethanol administration. Indices of liver injury were quantified by complementary RNA sequencing, biochemical, and histological approaches. In addition, we examined the impact of ethanol consumption and TMA lyase inhibition on gut microbiome structure via 16S rRNA sequencing. We show the gut microbial choline metabolite TMA is elevated in AH patients and correlates with reduced hepatic expression of the TMA oxygenase flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3). Provocatively, we find that small molecule inhibition of gut microbial CutC/D activity protects mice from ethanol-induced liver injury. CutC/D inhibitor-driven improvement in ethanol-induced liver injury is associated with distinct reorganization of the gut microbiome and host liver transcriptome. The microbial metabolite TMA is elevated in patients with AH, and inhibition of TMA production from gut microbes can protect mice from ethanol-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert N Helsley
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexingtonUnited States
| | - Tatsunori Miyata
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Anagha Kadam
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Venkateshwari Varadharajan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Emily C Huang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Amanda L Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Kevin K Fung
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - William J Massey
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Chase Neumann
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Danny Orabi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Lucas J Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Rebecca C Schugar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Megan R McMullen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Annette Bellar
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Kyle L Poulsen
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Adam Kim
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Vai Pathak
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Marko Mrdjen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - James T Anderson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Belinda Willard
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Craig J McClain
- Department of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - Mack Mitchell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Arthur J McCullough
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Svetlana Radaeva
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and AlcoholismBethesdaUnited States
| | - Bruce Barton
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Gyongyi Szabo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | | | - Daniel M Rotroff
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Daniela S Allende
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Zeneng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Laura E Nagy
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
| | - Jonathan Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandUnited States
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Zhu X, Xia M, Gao X. Update on genetics and epigenetics in metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2022; 13:20420188221132138. [PMID: 36325500 PMCID: PMC9619279 DOI: 10.1177/20420188221132138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most frequent chronic liver disease worldwide. Metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is suggested to replace the nomenclature of NAFLD. For individuals with metabolic dysfunction, multiple NAFLD-related factors also contribute to the development and progression of MAFLD including genetics and epigenetics. The application of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and exome-wide association study (EWAS) uncovers single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MAFLD. In addition to the classic SNPs in PNPLA3, TM6SF2, and GCKR, some new SNPs have been found recently to contribute to the pathogenesis of liver steatosis. Epigenetic factors involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs regulations, and RNA methylation also play a critical role in MAFLD. DNA methylation is the most reported epigenetic modification. Developing a non-invasion biomarker to distinguish metabolic steatohepatitis (MASH) or liver fibrosis is ongoing. In this review, we summarized and discussed the latest progress in genetic and epigenetic factors of NAFLD/MAFLD, in order to provide potential clues for MAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xin Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan Institute for Metabolic Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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MORG1—A Negative Modulator of Renal Lipid Metabolism in Murine Diabetes. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010030. [PMID: 35052710 PMCID: PMC8772719 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fatty acid (FA) metabolism is severely altered in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). Increasing evidence suggests that altered lipid metabolism is linked to tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). Our previous work has demonstrated that mice with reduced MORG1 expression, a scaffold protein in HIF and ERK signaling, are protected against TIF in the db/db mouse model. Renal TGF-ß1 expression and EMT-like changes were reduced in mice with single-allele deficiency of MORG1. Given the well-known role of HIF and ERK signaling in metabolic regulation, here we examined whether protection was also associated with a restoration of lipid metabolism. Despite similar features of TIF in T1DM and T2DM, diabetes-associated changes in renal lipid metabolism differ between both diseases. We found that de novo synthesis of FA/cholesterol and β-oxidation were more strongly disrupted in T1DM, whereas pathological fat uptake into tubular cells mediates lipotoxicity in T2DM. Thus, diminished MORG1 expression exerts renoprotection in the diabetic nephropathy by modulating important factors of TIF and lipid dysregulation to a variable extent in T1DM and T2DM. Prospectively, targeting MORG1 appears to be a promising strategy to reduce lipid metabolic alterations in diabetic nephropathy.
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Dorairaj V, Sulaiman SA, Abu N, Abdul Murad NA. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Pathogenesis and Noninvasive Diagnosis. Biomedicines 2021; 10:15. [PMID: 35052690 PMCID: PMC8773432 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), as it is now known, has gradually increased. NAFLD is a disease with a spectrum of stages ranging from simple fatty liver (steatosis) to a severe form of steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which could progress to irreversible liver injury (fibrosis) and organ failure, and in some cases hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although a liver biopsy remains the gold standard for accurate detection of this condition, it is unsuitable for clinical screening due to a higher risk of death. There is thus an increased need to find alternative techniques or tools for accurate diagnosis. Early detection for NASH matters for patients because NASH is the marker for severe disease progression. This review summarizes the current noninvasive tools for NAFLD diagnosis and their performance. We also discussed potential and newer alternative tools for diagnosing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siti Aishah Sulaiman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (V.D.); (N.A.); (N.A.A.M.)
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45
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Valentine WJ, Yanagida K, Kawana H, Kono N, Noda NN, Aoki J, Shindou H. Update and nomenclature proposal for mammalian lysophospholipid acyltransferases which create membrane phospholipid diversity. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101470. [PMID: 34890643 PMCID: PMC8753187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of glycerophospholipid species in cellular membranes is immense and affects various biological functions. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs) and lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), in concert with phospholipase A1/2s enzymes, contribute to this diversity via selective esterification of fatty acyl chains at the sn-1 or sn-2 positions of membrane phospholipids. These enzymes are conserved across all kingdoms, and in mammals four GPATs of the 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase (AGPAT) family and at least 14 LPLATs, either of the AGPAT or the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) families, have been identified. Here we provide an overview of the biochemical and biological activities of these mammalian enzymes, including their predicted structures, involvements in human diseases, and essential physiological roles as revealed by gene-deficient mice. Recently, the nomenclature used to refer to these enzymes has generated some confusion due to the use of multiple names to refer to the same enzyme and instances of the same name being used to refer to completely different enzymes. Thus, this review proposes a more uniform LPLAT enzyme nomenclature, as well as providing an update of recent advances made in the study of LPLATs, continuing from our JBC mini review in 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Valentine
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Molecular Therapy, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yanagida
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawana
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nobuo N Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Microbial Chemistry Research Foundation, Tokyo 141-0021, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Department of Lipid Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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46
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Masoodi M, Gastaldelli A, Hyötyläinen T, Arretxe E, Alonso C, Gaggini M, Brosnan J, Anstee QM, Millet O, Ortiz P, Mato JM, Dufour JF, Orešič M. Metabolomics and lipidomics in NAFLD: biomarkers and non-invasive diagnostic tests. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 18:835-856. [PMID: 34508238 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00502-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and is often associated with aspects of metabolic syndrome. Despite its prevalence and the importance of early diagnosis, there is a lack of robustly validated biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of disease progression in response to a given treatment. In this Review, we provide an overview of the contribution of metabolomics and lipidomics in clinical studies to identify biomarkers associated with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In addition, we highlight the key metabolic pathways in NAFLD and NASH that have been identified by metabolomics and lipidomics approaches and could potentially be used as biomarkers for non-invasive diagnostic tests. Overall, the studies demonstrated alterations in amino acid metabolism and several aspects of lipid metabolism including circulating fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids and bile acids. Although we report several studies that identified potential biomarkers, few have been validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Masoodi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Tuulia Hyötyläinen
- School of Natural Sciences and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Enara Arretxe
- OWL Metabolomics, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Quentin M Anstee
- Clinical & Translational Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Oscar Millet
- Precision Medicine & Metabolism, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Pablo Ortiz
- OWL Metabolomics, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Jose M Mato
- Precision Medicine & Metabolism, CIC bioGUNE, CIBERehd, BRTA, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Jean-Francois Dufour
- University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Hepatology, Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matej Orešič
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden. .,Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
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Dongiovanni P, Meroni M, Longo M, Fargion S, Fracanzani AL. Genetics, Immunity and Nutrition Boost the Switching from NASH to HCC. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1524. [PMID: 34829753 PMCID: PMC8614742 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading contributor to the global burden of chronic liver diseases. The phenotypic umbrella of NAFLD spans from simple and reversible steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which may worsen into cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Notwithstanding, HCC may develop also in the absence of advanced fibrosis, causing a delayed time in diagnosis as a consequence of the lack of HCC screening in these patients. The precise event cascade that may precipitate NASH into HCC is intricate and it entails diverse triggers, encompassing exaggerated immune response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress, organelle derangement and DNA aberrancies. All these events may be accelerated by both genetic and environmental factors. On one side, common and rare inherited variations that affect hepatic lipid remodeling, immune microenvironment and cell survival may boost the switching from steatohepatitis to liver cancer, on the other, diet-induced dysbiosis as well as nutritional and behavioral habits may furtherly precipitate tumor onset. Therefore, dietary and lifestyle interventions aimed to restore patients' health contribute to counteract NASH progression towards HCC. Even more, the combination of therapeutic strategies with dietary advice may maximize benefits, with the pursuit to improve liver function and prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fargion
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Anna Ludovica Fracanzani
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (S.F.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
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Cazanave SC, Warren AD, Pacula M, Touti F, Zagorska A, Gural N, Huang EK, Sherman S, Cheema M, Ibarra S, Bates J, Billin AN, Liles JT, Budas GR, Breckenridge DG, Tiniakos D, Ratziu V, Daly AK, Govaere O, Anstee QM, Gelrud L, Luther J, Chung RT, Corey KE, Winckler W, Bhatia S, Kwong GA. Peptide-based urinary monitoring of fibrotic nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by mass-barcoded activity-based sensors. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabe8939. [PMID: 34669440 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abe8939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nil Gural
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jamie Bates
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | | | - John T Liles
- Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | | | | | - Dina Tiniakos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.,Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Vlad Ratziu
- Sorbonne Université, ICAN (Institute of Cardiometabolism And Nutrition), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne University, INSERM UMRS 1138 CRC, Paris 75013, France
| | - Ann K Daly
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.,Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Olivier Govaere
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.,Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Quentin M Anstee
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK.,Newcastle NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Louis Gelrud
- Bon Secours St Mary's Hospital, Richmond VA 23226, USA
| | - Jay Luther
- Liver Center, GI Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Liver Center, GI Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | - Sangeeta Bhatia
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gabriel A Kwong
- Glympse Bio Inc., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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49
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Meroni M, Longo M, Tria G, Dongiovanni P. Genetics Is of the Essence to Face NAFLD. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1359. [PMID: 34680476 PMCID: PMC8533437 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the commonest cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. It is closely related to obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia so much so it is considered the hepatic manifestation of the Metabolic Syndrome. The NAFLD spectrum extends from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a clinical condition which may progress up to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD is a complex disease whose pathogenesis is shaped by both environmental and genetic factors. In the last two decades, several heritable modifications in genes influencing hepatic lipid remodeling, and mitochondrial oxidative status have been emerged as predictors of progressive hepatic damage. Among them, the patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) p.I148M, the Transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) p.E167K and the rs641738 membrane bound-o-acyltransferase domain-containing 7 (MBOAT7) polymorphisms are considered the most robust modifiers of NAFLD. However, a forefront frontier in the study of NAFLD heritability is to postulate score-based strategy, building polygenic risk scores (PRS), which aggregate the most relevant genetic determinants of NAFLD and biochemical parameters, with the purpose to foresee patients with greater risk of severe NAFLD, guaranteeing the most highly predictive value, the best diagnostic accuracy and the more precise individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Meroni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (G.T.)
| | - Miriam Longo
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (G.T.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - Giada Tria
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (G.T.)
| | - Paola Dongiovanni
- General Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Pad. Granelli, Via F Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy; (M.M.); (M.L.); (G.T.)
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50
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Osborn LJ, Orabi D, Goudzari M, Sangwan N, Banerjee R, Brown AL, Kadam A, Gromovsky AD, Linga P, Cresci GAM, Mak TD, Willard BB, Claesen J, Brown JM. A Single Human-Relevant Fast Food Meal Rapidly Reorganizes Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Signatures in a Gut Microbiota-Dependent Manner. IMMUNOMETABOLISM 2021; 3:e210029. [PMID: 34804604 PMCID: PMC8601658 DOI: 10.20900/immunometab20210029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major contributor to cardiometabolic disease is caloric excess, often a result of consuming low cost, high calorie fast food. Studies have demonstrated the pivotal role of gut microbes contributing to cardiovascular disease in a diet-dependent manner. Given the central contributions of diet and gut microbiota to cardiometabolic disease, we hypothesized that microbial metabolites originating after fast food consumption can elicit acute metabolic responses in the liver. METHODS We gave conventionally raised mice or mice that had their microbiomes depleted with antibiotics a single oral gavage of a liquified fast food meal or liquified control rodent chow meal. After four hours, mice were sacrificed and we used untargeted metabolomics of portal and peripheral blood, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, targeted liver metabolomics, and host liver RNA sequencing to identify novel fast food-derived microbial metabolites and their acute effects on liver function. RESULTS Several candidate microbial metabolites were enriched in portal blood upon fast food feeding, and were essentially absent in antibiotic-treated mice. Strikingly, at four hours post-gavage, fast food consumption resulted in rapid reorganization of the gut microbial community and drastically altered hepatic gene expression. Importantly, diet-driven reshaping of the microbiome and liver transcriptome was dependent on an intact microbial community and not observed in antibiotic ablated animals. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggest a single fast food meal is sufficient to reshape the gut microbial community in mice, yielding a unique signature of food-derived microbial metabolites. Future studies are in progress to determine the contribution of select metabolites to cardiometabolic disease progression and the translational relevance of these animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J. Osborn
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Danny Orabi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Maryam Goudzari
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Naseer Sangwan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rakhee Banerjee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Amanda L. Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anagha Kadam
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Anthony D. Gromovsky
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Pranavi Linga
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Gail A. M. Cresci
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tytus D. Mak
- Mass Spectrometry Data Center, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Belinda B. Willard
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Jan Claesen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - J. Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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