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Wende ME, Umstattd Meyer MR, Perry C, Prochnow T, Hamilton CNB, Abildso CG, Porter KMP. Implementation characteristics that may promote sustainability of a rural physical activity initiative: examination of Play Streets through the lens of community implementers. Implement Sci Commun 2024; 5:48. [PMID: 38698464 PMCID: PMC11064337 DOI: 10.1186/s43058-024-00571-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Play Streets, which are community-based environmental initiatives where public spaces/streets are temporarily closed to create safe, low-cost physical activity opportunities, have demonstrated feasibility and physical activity benefit in rural US areas. Yet, information is needed to identify implementation characteristics that may promote sustainability. This study examined rural Play Streets implementation characteristics that could impact sustainability from local partners' perspectives. METHODS Sixteen Play Streets implementation team members in rural Maryland, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas, USA, participated in interviews. Semi-structured in-person individual and group interviews were conducted in the fall of 2018 (after Play Streets implementation in 2017 and 2018), recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were analyzed using iterative, content analyses. Coding frameworks were based on the Public Health Program Capacity for Sustainability Framework, and emergent themes were also identified. RESULTS Interviewees' perceived characteristics for facilitating Play Streets implementation aligned with the Public Health Program Capacity for Sustainability Framework: funding stability, political support, partnerships, organizational capacity, program adaption, and communication. Interviewees also noted the importance of cultural alignment/support and the reciprocal impact of community connectedness/engagement. CONCLUSIONS Future research should examine the reciprocal role of public health impacts, as both outcomes and factors which may influence sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn E Wende
- Department of Health Education and Behavior, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
| | - M Renée Umstattd Meyer
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, USA.
| | - Cynthia Perry
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, USA
| | - Tyler Prochnow
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
| | | | - Christiaan G Abildso
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
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Carignan S, Lindberg R, Tung GJ, Sullivan J, Stone C, Pollack Porter KM. Legislative Health Notes: Preliminary Learnings From Piloting a New Policy Analysis Tool. J Public Health Manag Pract 2024; 30:E135-E142. [PMID: 38603760 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT In 2018, the Health Impact Project (the Project) developed and tested a new health in all policies (HiAP) tool called "legislative health notes" to provide state and local legislators with peer-reviewed evidence, public health data, and local data that illustrate potential positive and negative health and equity effects of proposed bills. OBJECTIVES The Project sought to refine the health note methodology while piloting the tool in the Colorado and Indiana General Assemblies, and with the Council of the District of Columbia, and worked with affiliates to introduce them in North Carolina, Ohio, and California. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS External partners solicited feedback on health notes via semistructured interviews and surveys from legislators, legislative staff, and expert reviewers who were familiar with health notes in each of these jurisdictions. RESULTS Respondents shared that health notes were nonpartisan, were easy for nonexperts to understand, and would be more effective if delivered earlier in the legislative process. CONCLUSION In response to informant feedback, practitioners can explore adding high-level summaries, increasing focus on health equity implications and the potential to work with legislators during the policy formulation phase. Data from this pilot suggest that legislative health notes are a promising nonpartisan and standardized tool to better understand the health and equity implications of proposed legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Carignan
- Author Affiliations: Health in All Policies Research Center (Ms Carignan) and Department of Health Policy and Management (Dr Pollack Porter), Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland; The Pew Charitable Trusts, Washington, District of Columbia (Ms Lindberg); Department of Health Systems, Management, and Policy, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado (Dr Tung); Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, Washington, District of Columbia (Ms Sullivan); and Department of Health Policy and Management, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (Dr Stone)
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Hatton CR, Kale R, Pollack Porter KM, Mui Y. Inclusive and intersectoral: community health improvement planning opportunities to advance the social determinants of health and health equity. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:170. [PMID: 38218785 PMCID: PMC10790276 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community health improvement plans (CHIPs) are strategic planning tools that help local communities identify and address their public health needs. Many local health departments have developed a CHIP, yet there is a lack of research on the extent to which these plans address root causes of health disparities such as the social determinants of health. This study aims to inventory the social determinants of health included in 13 CHIPs and examine facilitators and challenges faced by local health departments and partners when trying to include the social determinants of health. METHODS We conducted a comparative plan evaluation by scoring 13 CHIPs on their inclusion of equity orientation, inclusive planning processes, and five social determinants of health: health care access and quality, the neighborhood and built environment, economic stability, social and community context, and education access and quality. To supplement the plan evaluation, we conducted 32 in-depth interviews with CHIP leaders and stakeholders to understand the factors contributing to the inclusion and exclusion of the social determinants of health in the planning process. RESULTS CHIPs received an average score of 49/100 for the inclusion of the social determinants of health. Most plans addressed health care access and quality and the neighborhood and built environment, but they often did not address economic stability, the social and community context, and education access and quality. Regarding their overall equity orientation, CHIPs received an average score of 35/100, reflecting a relative lack of attention to equity and inclusive planning processes in the plans. Interviews revealed that challenges engaging partners, making clear connections between CHIPs and social determinants, and a lack of capacity or public and partner support often led to the exclusion of the social determinants of health. Recommendations to improve planning processes include improving data infrastructure, providing resources for dedicated planning staff and community engagement incentives, and centering equity throughout the planning process. CONCLUSIONS Although local health departments can leverage CHIPs to improve population health and address health disparities, they face a range of challenges to including the social determinants of health in CHIPs. Additional resourcing and improved data are needed to facilitate broader inclusion of these determinants, and more work is needed to elevate equity throughout these planning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ross Hatton
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Rasika Kale
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Yeeli Mui
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Ives CL, Krzyzanowski MC, Marshall VJ, Norris K, Cockburn M, Bentley-Edwards K, Mohottige D, Pollack Porter KM, Dillard D, Eisenberg Y, Jiménez MC, Pérez-Stable EJ, Jones NL, Dayal J, Maiese DR, Williams D, Hendershot TP, Hamilton CM. The PhenX Toolkit: Recommended Measurement Protocols for Social Determinants of Health Research. Curr Protoc 2024; 4:e977. [PMID: 38441413 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Health disparities are driven by unequal conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age, commonly termed the Social Determinants of Health (SDoH). The availability of recommended measurement protocols for SDoH will enable investigators to consistently collect data for SDoH constructs. The PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) Toolkit is a web-based catalog of recommended measurement protocols for use in research studies with human participants. Using standard protocols from the PhenX Toolkit makes it easier to compare and combine studies, potentially increasing the impact of individual studies, and aids in comparability across literature. In 2018, the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities provided support for an initial expert Working Group to identify and recommend established SDoH protocols for inclusion in the PhenX Toolkit. In 2022, a second expert Working Group was convened to build on the work of the first SDoH Working Group and address gaps in the SDoH Toolkit Collections. The SDoH Collections consist of a Core Collection and Individual and Structural Specialty Collections. This article describes a Basic Protocol for using the PhenX Toolkit to select and implement SDoH measurement protocols for use in research studies. © 2024 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. Basic Protocol: Using the PhenX Toolkit to select and implement SDoH protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cataia L Ives
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | - Vanessa J Marshall
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keith Norris
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Myles Cockburn
- Department of Dermatology and Department of Population & Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Keisha Bentley-Edwards
- Division of General Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dinushika Mohottige
- Institute of Health Equity Research and Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Yochai Eisenberg
- Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Monik C Jiménez
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eliseo J Pérez-Stable
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nancy L Jones
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jyoti Dayal
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah R Maiese
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Retired consultant
| | - David Williams
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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Twardzik E, Schrack JA, Pollack Porter KM, Coleman T, Washington K, Swenor BK. TRansit ACessibility Tool (TRACT): Developing a novel scoring system for public transportation system accessibility. J Transp Health 2024; 34:101742. [PMID: 38405233 PMCID: PMC10883474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jth.2023.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Although federal laws require equal access to public transportation for people with disabilities, access barriers persist. Lack of sharing accessibility information on public transportation websites restricts people with disabilities from making transportation plans and effectively using public transportation systems. This project aims to document information provided about public transportation systems accessibility and share this information using an open data platform. Methods We reviewed the top twenty-six public transportation systems in the United States based on federal funding in fiscal year 2020. Information about accessibility was abstracted from each public transportation system website by two independent reviewers from February-March 2022. Informed by universal design principles, public transportation systems were scored across six dimensions: facility accessibility (0-22 points), vehicle accessibility (0-11 points), inclusive policies (0-12 points), rider accommodations (0-9 points), paratransit services (0-6 points), and website accessibility (0-2 points). Total scores were calculated as the sum of each dimension (0-62 points). Data and findings were publicly disseminated (https://disabilityhealth.jhu.edu/transitdashboard/). Results The average overall accessibility information score was 31.9 (SD=6.2) out of 62 possible points. Mean scores were 8.4 (SD=2.9) for facility accessibility, 4.5 (SD=2.1) for vehicle accessibility, 7.8 (SD=1.6) for inclusive policies, 4.9 (SD=1.6) for rider accommodations, 4.5 (SD=2.0) for paratransit services, and 1.8 (SD=0.4) for website accessibility. Eleven public transportation systems (42%) received the maximum score for paratransit services and 20 (77%) received the maximum score for website accessibility. No public transportation system received the maximum score for any of the other dimensions. Conclusions Using a novel scoring system, we found significant variation in the accessibility information presented on public transportation system websites. Websites are a primary mode where users obtain objective information about public transportation systems and are therefore important platforms for communication. Absence of accessibility information creates barriers for the disability community and restricts equal access to public transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Twardzik
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keshia M. Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Taylor Coleman
- The Johns Hopkins Disability Health Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn Washington
- The Johns Hopkins Disability Health Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bonnielin K. Swenor
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Johns Hopkins Disability Health Research Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Marcus R, Monga Nakra N, Pollack Porter KM. Characterizing Organizational Health Equity Capacity Assessments for Public Health Organizations: A Scoping Review. Public Health Rep 2024; 139:26-38. [PMID: 36891964 PMCID: PMC10905768 DOI: 10.1177/00333549231151889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Organizational health equity capacity assessments (OCAs) provide a valuable starting point to understand and strengthen an organization's readiness and capacity for health equity. We conducted a scoping review to identify and characterize existing OCAs. METHODS We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases and practitioner websites to identify peer-reviewed and gray literature articles and tools that measure or assess health equity-related capacity in public health organizations. Seventeen OCAs met the inclusion criteria. We organized primary OCA characteristics and implementation evidence and described them thematically according to key categories. RESULTS All identified OCAs assessed organizational readiness or capacity for health equity, and many aimed to guide health equity capacity development. The OCAs differed in regard to thematic focus, structure, and intended audience. Implementation evidence was limited. CONCLUSIONS By providing a synthesis of OCAs, these findings can assist public health organizations in selecting and implementing OCAs to assess, strengthen, and monitor their internal organizational capacity for health equity. This synthesis also fills a knowledge gap for those who may be considering developing similar tools in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Marcus
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Keshia M. Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Shin SS, Shah A, North-Kabore J, Rowthorn V, Fiori KP, Dudding R, Plum RA, Parke DM, George C, Thomas S, Pinkett R, Porter KMP, Sirois A, Cordeiro V, Ogbolu Y. Global Learning for Health Equity: A Survey of Five Global Learning Sites in the United States. Community Health Equity Res Policy 2023:2752535X231210046. [PMID: 37947506 DOI: 10.1177/2752535x231210046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Global learning is the practice of adopting and adapting global ideas to local challenges. To advance the field of global learning, we performed a case study of five communities that had implemented global health models to advance health equity in a U.S. setting. Surveys were developed using a Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) framework, and each site completed surveys to characterize their global learning experience with respect to community context, the learning and implementation process, implementation science considerations, and health equity. The immense diversity of sites and their experiences underscored the heterogenous nature of global learning. Nonetheless, all cases highlighted core themes of addressing social determinants of health through strong community engagement. Cross-sector participation and implementation science evaluation were strategies applied by many but not all sites. We advocate for continued global learning that advances health equity and fosters equitable partnerships with mutual benefits to origination and destination sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya S Shin
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ami Shah
- Consultant, Global Learning for Health Equity Network, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Virginia Rowthorn
- Center for Global Engagement, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kevin P Fiori
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Community Health Systems Lab, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Health System, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Dudding
- Athens City County Health Department, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Dana M Parke
- Population Health Management, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Carmen George
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Thomas
- Center for Health Equity, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam Sirois
- Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | - Yolanda Ogbolu
- School of Nursing, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Health Equity and Outcomes Research, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Heller JC, Fleming PJ, Petteway RJ, Givens M, Pollack Porter KM. Power Up: A Call for Public Health to Recognize, Analyze, and Shift the Balance in Power Relations to Advance Health and Racial Equity. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:1079-1082. [PMID: 37535894 PMCID: PMC10484127 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Heller
- Jonathan C. Heller is with the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, Madison, WI, and the National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health, Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. Paul J. Fleming is with the University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI. Ryan J. Petteway is with the Oregon Health and Science University‒Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR. Marjory Givens is with the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute. Keshia M. Pollack Porter is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Paul J Fleming
- Jonathan C. Heller is with the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, Madison, WI, and the National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health, Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. Paul J. Fleming is with the University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI. Ryan J. Petteway is with the Oregon Health and Science University‒Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR. Marjory Givens is with the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute. Keshia M. Pollack Porter is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ryan J Petteway
- Jonathan C. Heller is with the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, Madison, WI, and the National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health, Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. Paul J. Fleming is with the University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI. Ryan J. Petteway is with the Oregon Health and Science University‒Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR. Marjory Givens is with the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute. Keshia M. Pollack Porter is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Marjory Givens
- Jonathan C. Heller is with the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, Madison, WI, and the National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health, Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. Paul J. Fleming is with the University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI. Ryan J. Petteway is with the Oregon Health and Science University‒Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR. Marjory Givens is with the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute. Keshia M. Pollack Porter is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Jonathan C. Heller is with the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute, Madison, WI, and the National Collaborating Centre for Determinants of Health, Saint Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada. Paul J. Fleming is with the University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI. Ryan J. Petteway is with the Oregon Health and Science University‒Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR. Marjory Givens is with the University of Wisconsin Population Health Institute. Keshia M. Pollack Porter is with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Haro‐Ramos AY, Brown TT, Deardorff J, Aguilera A, Pollack Porter KM, Rodriguez HP. Frontline work and racial disparities in social and economic pandemic stressors during the first COVID-19 surge. Health Serv Res 2023; 58 Suppl 2:186-197. [PMID: 36718961 PMCID: PMC10339174 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.14136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the magnitude of racial-ethnic disparities in pandemic-related social stressors and examine frontline work's moderating relationship on these stressors. DATA SOURCES Employed Californians' responses to the Institute for Governmental Studies (IGS) poll from April 16-20, 2020, were analyzed. The Pandemic Stressor Scale (PSS) assessed the extent to which respondents experienced or anticipated problems resulting from the inability to pay for basic necessities, job instability, lacking paid sick leave, unavailability of childcare, and reduced wages or work hours due to COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN Mixed-effects generalized linear models estimated (1) racial-ethnic disparities in pandemic stressors among workers during the first COVID-19 surge, adjusting for covariates, and (2) tested the interaction between race-ethnicity and frontline worker status, which includes a subset of essential workers who must perform their job on-site, to assess differential associations of frontline work by race-ethnicity. DATA COLLECTION The IGS poll data from employed workers (n = 4795) were linked to the 2018 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Social Vulnerability Index at the zip code level (N = 1068). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The average PSS score was 37.34 (SD = 30.49). Whites had the lowest PSS score (29.88, SD = 26.52), and Latinxs had the highest (50.74, SD = 32.61). In adjusted analyses, Black frontline workers reported more pandemic-related stressors than White frontline workers (PSS = 47.73 vs. 36.96, p < 0.001). Latinxs reported more pandemic stressors irrespective of frontline worker status. However, the 5.09-point difference between Latinx frontline and non-frontline workers was not statistically different from the 4.6-point disparity between White frontline and non-frontline workers. CONCLUSION Latinx workers and Black frontline workers disproportionately reported pandemic-related stressors. To reduce stress on frontline workers during crises, worker protections like paid sick leave, universal access to childcare, and improved job security are needed, particularly for those disproportionately affected by structural inequities, such as racially minoritized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alein Y. Haro‐Ramos
- Health Policy and ManagementUniversity of California Berkeley School of Public HealthBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Timothy T. Brown
- Health Policy and ManagementUniversity of California Berkeley School of Public HealthBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- Health Policy and ManagementUniversity of California Berkeley School of Public HealthBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- Community Health SciencesUniversity of California Berkeley School of Public HealthBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Adrian Aguilera
- Health Policy and ManagementUniversity of California Berkeley School of Public HealthBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
- School of Social Welfare BerkeleyUniversity of California BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Keshia M. Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and ManagementJohns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Hector P. Rodriguez
- Health Policy and ManagementUniversity of California Berkeley School of Public HealthBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
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Twardzik E, Schrack JA, Pollack Porter KM, Coleman T, Washington K, Swenor BK. TRansit ACessibility Tool (TRACT): Developing a novel scoring system for public transportation system accessibility. medRxiv 2023:2023.03.07.23286932. [PMID: 36945392 PMCID: PMC10029027 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.23286932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although federal laws require equal access to public transportation for people with disabilities, access barriers persist. Lack of sharing accessibility information on public transportation websites restricts people with disabilities from making transportation plans and effectively using public transportation systems. This project aims to document information provided about public transportation systems accessibility and share this information using an open data platform. METHODS We reviewed the top twenty-six public transportation systems in the United States based on federal funding in fiscal year 2020. Information about accessibility was abstracted from the webpages of each public transportation system by two independent reviewers from February-March 2022. Informed by universal design principles, public transportation systems were scored across six dimensions: facility accessibility (0-22 points), vehicle accessibility (0-11 points), inclusive policies (0-12 points), rider accommodations (0-9 points), paratransit services (0-6 points), and website accessibility (0-2 points). Total scores were calculated as the sum of each dimension and ranged from 0-62 points. Data and findings were publicly disseminated (https://disabilityhealth.jhu.edu/tract-dashboard/). RESULTS The average overall accessibility information score was 31.9 (SD=6.2) out of 62 possible points. Mean scores were 8.4 (SD=2.9) for facility accessibility, 4.5 (SD=2.1) for vehicle accessibility, 7.8 (SD=1.6) for inclusive policies, 4.9 (SD=1.6) for rider accommodations, 4.5 (SD=2.0) for paratransit services, and 1.8 (SD=0.4) for website accessibility. Eleven public transportation systems (42%) received the maximum score for paratransit services and 20 (77%) received the maximum score for website accessibility. No public transportation system received the maximum score for any of the other dimensions. CONCLUSIONS Using a novel scoring system, we found significant variation in the accessibility information presented on public transportation system websites. Websites are a primary mode where users obtain objective information about public transportation systems and are therefore important platforms for communication. Absence of accessibility information creates barriers for the disability community and restricts equal access to public transportation.
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Pollack Porter KM. Teaching Health Impact Assessment in an Online Format. CHIA 2022. [DOI: 10.18060/26688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Prochnow T, Umstattd Meyer MR, Bridges Hamilton CN, Wilkins E, Pollack Porter KM. Real-Time Video Scan Method for Community Partner Use to Inform Play Streets Implementation. Health Promot Pract 2022; 23:944-949. [PMID: 33969724 DOI: 10.1177/15248399211009789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) can provide accurate assessment of physical activity; however, the skills, time, and human resources necessary to collect/interpret SOPARC data can be challenging for community organizations. This article describes a more accessible adaptation of SOPARC using video recordings for community organizations to obtain physical activity feedback at Play Streets. Narrated panoramic video scans occurred every 30 minutes at each Play Street using an iPad. Videographers narrated: (1) sex, (2) age group (child, teen, adult, senior), and (3) activity level (sedentary, walking, vigorous) for everyone recorded. SOPARC video scans, in-person iSOPARC observations, and interviews were conducted with Play Streets implementors to determine validity and feasibility. Validity was examined using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (CCC). In-person and video scans showed near perfect agreement for sedentary individuals (CCC = .95) and substantial agreement for active individuals (CCC = .72). Overall, community partners felt that they "could see how [the scans] could be useful" and "help[ed] see a bit more clearly what's happening." The method described here is a more accessible systematic observation approach to measure physical activity for communities implementing Play Streets. Further, this method can be used without research training while still providing valuable activity feedback.
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13
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Perez CL, Moran A, Headrick G, McCarthy J, Cradock AL, Pollack Porter KM. State and Local Healthy Kids' Meal Laws in the United States: A Review and Content Analysis. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:1864-1875.e19. [PMID: 34896300 PMCID: PMC9236554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To address unhealthy restaurant food intake among children, localities and states are passing healthy restaurant kids' meal laws. However, there is limited knowledge of what these policies require and how they compare with expert and industry nutrition standards. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to develop a research instrument to evaluate healthy kids' meal laws and assess their alignment with expert and industry nutrition standards. DESIGN The study team conducted a content analysis of healthy kids' meal laws passed between January 2010 and August 2020 in the United States. Using a structured codebook, two researchers abstracted policy elements and implementation language from laws, regulations, fiscal notes, and policy notes. Nutritional criteria for kids' beverages and meals were compared with existing expert and industry nutrition standards for meals and beverages. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures included law characteristics, implementation characteristics, enforcement characteristics, definitions of key terms, and nutritional requirements for meals and default beverage options and alignment with expert and industry nutrition standards. STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Interrater reliability of the coding tool was estimated using the Cohen kappa statistic, and researchers calculated descriptive statistics of policy elements. RESULTS Twenty laws were identified. Eighteen were healthy default beverage policies, two were toy restriction policies, and one was a nutrition standards policy. The nutrition standards, default beverage offerings, and implementation characteristics varied by location. No law met the expert nutrition standards for kids' meals or beverages. CONCLUSIONS The variations in policy specifications may influence how restaurants implement the policies, and, consequently, the policies' influences on children's consumption. Future policies could use expert nutrition standards to inform the standards set for kids' meals and specify supports for implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal L Perez
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Alyssa Moran
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gabby Headrick
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Angie L Cradock
- Harvard Prevention Research Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Beseran E, Pericàs JM, Cash-Gibson L, Ventura-Cots M, Porter KMP, Benach J. Deaths of Despair: A Scoping Review on the Social Determinants of Drug Overdose, Alcohol-Related Liver Disease and Suicide. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph191912395. [PMID: 36231697 PMCID: PMC9566538 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a lack of consensus on the social determinants of Deaths of Despair (DoD), i.e., an increase in mortality attributed to drug overdose, alcohol-related liver disease, and suicide in the United States (USA) during recent years. The objective of this study was to review the scientific literature on DoD with the purpose of identifying relevant social determinants and inequalities related to these mortality trends. METHODS Scoping review focusing on the period 2015-2022 based on PubMed search. Articles were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: published between 1 January 2000 and 31 October 2021; including empirical data; analyzed DoD including the three causes defined by Case and Deaton; analyzed at least one social determinant; written in English; and studied DoD in the USA context only. Studies were excluded if they only analyzed adolescent populations. We synthesized our findings in a narrative report specifically addressing DoD by economic conditions, occupational hazards, educational level, geographical setting, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Seventeen studies were included. Overall, findings identify a progressive increase in deaths attributable to suicide, drug overdose, and alcohol-related liver disease in the USA in the last two decades. The literature concerning DoD and social determinants is relatively scarce and some determinants have been barely studied. However different, however, large inequalities have been identified in the manner in which the causes of death embedded in the concept of DoD affect different subpopulations, particularly African American, and Hispanic populations, but blue collar-whites are also significantly impacted. Low socioeconomic position and education levels and working in jobs with high insecurity, unemployment, and living in rural areas were identified as the most relevant social determinants of DoD. CONCLUSIONS There is a need for further research on the structural and intermediate social determinants of DoD and social mechanisms. Intersectional and systemic approaches are needed to better understand and tackle DoD and related inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Beseran
- Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, and Employment Conditions, Pompeu Fabra University, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan M. Pericàs
- Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, and Employment Conditions, Pompeu Fabra University, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute for Research, CIBERehd, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Johns Hopkins University—Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucinda Cash-Gibson
- Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, and Employment Conditions, Pompeu Fabra University, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Johns Hopkins University—Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- UPF Barcelona School of Management, Pompeu Fabra University, 08008 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell Ventura-Cots
- Liver Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institute for Research, CIBERehd, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Keshia M. Pollack Porter
- Johns Hopkins University—Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P8, Canada
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joan Benach
- Research Group on Health Inequalities, Environment, and Employment Conditions, Pompeu Fabra University, 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Johns Hopkins University—Pompeu Fabra University Public Policy Center (UPF-BSM), 08002 Barcelona, Spain
- Ecological Humanities Research Group (GHECO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Merrill-Francis M, Vernick JS, McGinty EE, Pollack Porter KM. Association Between Fatal Occupational Injuries and State Minimum-Wage Laws, 2003-2017. Am J Prev Med 2022; 62:878-884. [PMID: 35597567 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low wages are associated with an increased risk of occupational injuries. Increasing the minimum wage is one way to increase workers' wages; however, a previous study found that higher state minimum wage was associated with an increase in nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses. This study aims to examine the association between state minimum-wage laws and fatal occupational injuries. METHODS Fatal occupational injury data (2003-2017) for the 50 U.S. states were obtained from the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries. State minimum-wage law information was obtained from Temple's LawAtlas website. Linear and Poisson regression models were used to analyze the association between state minimum-wage laws and the rates of fatal occupational injury per 100,000 workers. All data were analyzed in 2020. RESULTS Having a state minimum wage higher than the federal minimum had no statistically significant association with fatal occupational injury rate, (-4.0%, 95% CI= -9.1, 1.5). State minimum wage amount was also not associated with fatal occupational injuries (-4.0%, 95% CI= -9.1, 1.5). CONCLUSIONS Although previous research suggested that state minimum-wage laws were associated with increased rates of nonfatal occupational injuries, these findings indicate that these laws are not associated with an increased risk of fatal occupational injuries. Concerns that raising the minimum wage will lead to worse workplace safety may be unfounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Merrill-Francis
- Public Health Assessment Division, Health Promotion and Wellness Directorate, U.S. Army Public Health Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Aberdeen, Maryland; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jon S Vernick
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Emma E McGinty
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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16
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Estrada LV, Levasseur JL, Maxim A, Benavidez GA, Pollack Porter KM. Structural Racism, Place, and COVID-19: A Narrative Review Describing How We Prepare for an Endemic COVID-19 Future. Health Equity 2022; 6:356-366. [PMID: 35651360 PMCID: PMC9148659 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2021.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Place is a social determinant of health, as recently evidenced by COVID-19. Previous literature surrounding health disparities in the United States often fails to acknowledge the role of structural racism on place-based health disparities for historically marginalized communities (i.e., Black and African American communities, Hispanic/Latinx communities, Indigenous communities [i.e., First Nations, Native American, Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian], and Pacific Islanders). This narrative review summarizes the intersection between structural racism and place as contributors to COVID-19 health disparities. Methods: This narrative review accounts for the unique place-based health care experiences influenced by structural racism, including health systems and services and physical environment. We searched online databases for peer-reviewed and governmental sources, published in English between 2000 and 2021, related to place-based U.S. health inequities in historically marginalized communities. We then narrate the link between the historical trajectory of structural racism and current COVID-19 health outcomes for historically marginalized communities. Results: Structural racism has infrequently been named as a contributor to place as a social determinant of health. This narrative review details how place is intricately intertwined with the results of structural racism, focusing on one's access to health systems and services and physical environment, including the outdoor air and drinking water. The role of place, health disparities, and structural racism has been starkly displayed during the COVID-19 pandemic, where historically marginalized communities have been subject to greater rates of COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Conclusion: As COVID-19 becomes endemic, it is crucial to understand how place-based inequities and structural racism contributed to the COVID-19 racial disparities in incidence and mortality. Addressing structurally racist place-based health inequities through anti-racist policy strategies is one way to move the United States toward achieving health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah V. Estrada
- Center for Health Policy, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica L. Levasseur
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alexandra Maxim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Gabriel A. Benavidez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Keshia M. Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Urban and rural areas have different types of built environments and community infrastructure, which lead to different types of successful community-based physical activity initiatives. Temporary Play Streets are a supported way to increase physical activity and perceptions of the built environment as a space for active lifestyles. PURPOSE Within the field of public health, public libraries constitute an underutilized community partner. To begin to understand the capacity of rural librarians to support rural Play Streets, a cross-sectional questionnaire was developed for distribution to rural librarians. METHODS The sampling frame targeted members of the membership-based U.S. Association for Rural & Small Libraries (ARSL). Among respondents, 65% reported offering outdoor physical activity programs in the past, and 61% reported continuing to offer versions of this programming during the COVID-19 pandemic. Librarians work with a broad range of community partners on this programming, and already own much of the equipment necessary for a successful Play Streets initiative. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study corroborate claims from previous research, which shows that in small and rural communities, public libraries have the capacity to play a role in promoting physical activity through involvement in community partnerships. Additional work is needed to understand, evaluate, and support this opportunity to weave rural librarians into community-based physical activity promotion efforts more fully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Lenstra
- University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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18
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Pollack Porter KM, Omura JD, Ballard R, Peterson EL, Carlson SA. Systematic Review on Quantifying Pedestrian Injury When Evaluating Changes to the Built Environment. Prev Med Rep 2022; 26:101703. [PMID: 35141117 PMCID: PMC8814639 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Making communities more walkable may have the added benefit of improving safety. Risk of pedestrian injury is one barrier to walking in public spaces. Pedestrian injury is mainly captured from police reports, which has limitations. Injury prevention practitioners can help identify appropriate data and measures.
Modifying the built environment to make communities more walkable remains one strategy to promote physical activity. These modifications may have the added benefit of reducing the risk of pedestrian injury; however, there is a gap in the physical activity literature regarding how best to measure pedestrian injury. Examining the measures that have been used and related data sources can help inform the use of pedestrian injury data to evaluate whether safety is optimized as walking increases. We conducted a systematic review of the literature to identify studies that evaluated changes to the built environment that support walking and measures impacts on pedestrian injury as a measure of safety. We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, and Web of Science to identify peer-review studies and websites of fifteen organizations to document studies from the grey literature published in English between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018. Our search identified twelve studies that met the inclusion criteria. The few studies that measured changes in pedestrian injury used crash data from police reports. Injury frequency was often reported, but not injury severity, and no studies reported injury risk based on walking exposure. We conclude that few studies have measured pedestrian injury in the context of creating more walkable communities. Future research would benefit from using well-characterized measures from existing studies to support consistency in measurement, and from more longitudinal and evaluation research to strengthen the evidence on additional benefits of walkability. Increased collaborations with injury prevention professionals could bolster use of valid and reliable measures.
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19
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Umstattd Meyer MR, Prochnow T, Pickett AC, Perry CK, Bridges Hamilton CN, Abildso CG, Pollack Porter KM. The Effects of Play Streets on Social and Community Connectedness in Rural Communities. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:9976. [PMID: 34639278 PMCID: PMC8508026 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18199976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Promoting physical activity (PA) is a long-standing public health initiative to improve overall health and wellbeing. Innovative strategies such as Play Streets, temporary activation of public spaces to provide safe places for active play, are being adopted in urban and rural communities to increase PA among children. As part of these strategies, aspects of social and community connectedness may be strengthened. This study analyzes focus groups and interviews from rural Play Street implementation team members (n = 14) as well as adults (n = 7) and children (n = 25) who attended Play Streets hosted in rural North Carolina, Maryland, Oklahoma, and Texas to better understand the added benefits of Play Streets in community connectedness. Overall, elements of social support and social cohesion are mentioned most frequently with instrumental and conditional support; however, concepts of social capital, collective-efficacy, and social identification are also presented. Participants expressed that Play Streets provided more than just PA; they provided opportunities to access and share resources, build perceptions of safety and trust in the community, and develop relationships with others. Fostering community connection through Play Streets may reduce health inequities in rural communities by building community resilience. Community-based PA programming that enhance and capitalize on community connectedness could be effective ways to improving the overall health and wellbeing of residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Renée Umstattd Meyer
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Waco, TX 78628, USA; (T.P.); (C.N.B.H.)
| | - Tyler Prochnow
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Waco, TX 78628, USA; (T.P.); (C.N.B.H.)
- Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Andrew C. Pickett
- Division of Kinesiology & Sport Management, School of Education Research Center, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA;
| | - Cynthia K. Perry
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Christina N. Bridges Hamilton
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Waco, TX 78628, USA; (T.P.); (C.N.B.H.)
- Department of Public Health & Health Education, SUNY Brockport, Brockport, NY 14420, USA
| | - Christiaan G. Abildso
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, West Virginia University School of Public Health, Morgantown, WV 25606, USA;
| | - Keshia M. Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
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20
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Bever E, Arnold KT, Lindberg R, Dannenberg AL, Morley R, Breysse J, Porter KMP. Use of health impact assessments in the housing sector to promote health in the United States, 2002-2016. J Hous Built Environ 2021; 36:1277-1297. [PMID: 34720777 PMCID: PMC8555747 DOI: 10.1007/s10901-020-09795-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bever
- Health Impact Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, 901 E Street NW, 10th Floor, Washington, DC 20004, USA
| | - Kimberly T Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ruth Lindberg
- Health Impact Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, 901 E Street NW, 10th Floor, Washington, DC 20004, USA
| | - Andrew L Dannenberg
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences and Department of Urban Design and Planning, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jill Breysse
- National Center for Healthy Housing, Columbia, MD, USA
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Ehsani JP, Michael JP, Duren ML, Mui Y, Porter KMP. Mobility Patterns Before, During, and Anticipated After the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Opportunity to Nurture Bicycling. Am J Prev Med 2021; 60:e277-e279. [PMID: 33674071 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study is to quantify the immediate and anticipated effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on local travel in the U.S. METHODS A national survey of a representative sample of U.S. adults was conducted using The Harris Poll panel. The online survey was conducted from June 17 to 29, 2020. Respondents reported the frequency of travel before the pandemic, during the pandemic, and anticipated travel when normal activities resume for walking, bicycling, personal vehicle use, and public transit. Analyses were conducted in July and August 2020. RESULTS During the pandemic, local travel significantly decreased (-10.36%, 95% CI= -16.26, -4.02) relative to prepandemic levels. Within travel modes, significant decreases were reported for public transit, personal vehicle use, and walking. There was no change in reported bicycle use during the pandemic period relative to prepandemic levels. When normal activities resume, respondents anticipated a significant increase in bicycling (24.54%, 95% CI=3.24, 50.24). Anticipated travel using personal vehicles, public transit, and walking were not significantly different from the prepandemic levels. CONCLUSIONS Unlike the other local travel modes, bicycling did not decrease during the pandemic and is anticipated to significantly increase. Investment in bicycle-safe infrastructure could sustain the anticipated increase in bicycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon P Ehsani
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Jeffrey P Michael
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michelle L Duren
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yeeli Mui
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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22
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Green G, Pollack Porter KM, Kvit A, Conte S, D'Angelo J, Valadka A, Curriero FC. Examining Batting Performance After a Sports-Related Concussion Among Major League Baseball Position Players. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:790-797. [PMID: 33513029 DOI: 10.1177/0363546520987232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An ongoing challenge in sports-related concussion (SRC) is determining full recovery. This study examines performance metrics in baseball after an SRC and provides a template for assessment of return-to-performance parameters. PURPOSE To determine whether batting performance returns to baseline after an SRC. STUDY DESIGN Descriptive epidemiological study. METHODS Participants were all Major League Baseball (MLB) position players with confirmed SRCs that occurred during the 2011-2015 seasons. A retrospective review and assessment of performance metrics before and after injury were conducted as defined relative to the number of plate appearances (PAs) to yield reliable performance statistics. Seven batting metrics were considered as outcomes in longitudinal regressions: batting average, on-base percentage, slugging percentage, on-base plus slugging, bases on balls, strikeouts, and home runs. Metrics were calculated for each player 60, 30, and 14 days before their SRCs, as well as for the 14, 30, and 60 days after returning to play. Other variables controlled for included defensive position, player age at the time of SRC, number of days missed, mechanism of injury, whether the player completed a rehabilitation stint, and year in which the mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) occurred (2011-2015). RESULTS A total of 77 MTBI case events occurred in MLB position players over 5 seasons. These injuries resulted in a mean 11.4 days lost to injury. For all performance metrics using 60 or 30 days before MTBI as baseline, no statistically significant differences were found in batting performance. In total, 63 events met PA criteria before injury. Varying the PA cutoff thresholds to be more inclusive or more restrictive yielded similar regression results. For the 48 events that met PA criteria before and after injury, most performance metrics showed no significant performance change after MTBI and, in some events, a slight though mostly nonsignificant performance improvement after MTBI. CONCLUSIONS MLB position players who are medically cleared to return to play after an SRC perform at the same offensive performance levels as their preinjury statistics when an adequate number of PAs is used to compare performance before and after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Green
- Major League Baseball, New York, New York, USA.,University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Saint John's Physician Partners, Pacific Palisades, California, USA
| | | | - Anton Kvit
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stan Conte
- Conte Sport Performance Therapy, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Alex Valadka
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Frank C Curriero
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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23
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Drabo EF, Eckel G, Ross SL, Brozic M, Carlton CG, Warren TY, Kleb G, Laird A, Pollack Porter KM, Pollack CE. A Social-Return-On-Investment Analysis Of Bon Secours Hospital’s ‘Housing For Health’ Affordable Housing Program. Health Aff (Millwood) 2021; 40:513-520. [PMID: 33646873 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Community health programs aimed at addressing the social determinants of health often face challenges demonstrating their impact through traditional economic evaluation methods of return-on-investment analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, or cost-benefit analysis. Using a social-return-on-investment (SROI) analysis, we evaluated the broader social, environmental, and economic benefits of Bon Secours Hospital's Housing for Health program, an affordable housing program aimed at addressing the social and environmental determinants affecting its community's health in Baltimore, Maryland. Bon Secours currently has 801 units of affordable housing across twelve properties in West Baltimore. Results indicate the significant social value of the Bon Secours affordable housing program, generating between $1.30 and $1.92 of social return in the community for every dollar in yearly operating costs. These findings suggest that broader access to affordable housing could produce a positive social value and demonstrate the relevance of SROI for quantifying the impacts of community health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Fulgence Drabo
- Emmanuel Fulgence Drabo is a health economist and an assistant professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, in Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Grace Eckel
- Grace Eckel is a senior budget and policy analyst for the Governor’s Office, in Denver, Colorado. At the time this work was conducted, she was a master of public health student in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Samuel L. Ross
- Samuel L. Ross is the chief community health officer of Bon Secours Community Works, in Baltimore, Maryland. At the time this work was conducted, he was CEO and chief community health officer of the Bon Secours Health System, in Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Brozic
- Michael Brozic is the chief financial officer of University of Maryland Capital Region Health, in Largo, Maryland. At the time this work was conducted, he was the chief financial officer of Bon Secours Hospital, Bon Secours Health System
| | - Chanie G. Carlton
- Chanie G. Carlton is the financial grants manager of Bon Secours Community Works. At the time this work was conducted, she was the financial grants manager of Bon Secours Hospital, Bon Secours Health System
| | - Tatiana Y. Warren
- Tatiana Y. Warren is the founder of Just TATI: Teacher, Author, Trainer, Innovator, LLC, in New York, New York. At the time this work was conducted, she was a business intelligence specialist at Bon Secours Hospital, Bon Secours Health System
| | - George Kleb
- George Kleb is the executive director of housing and community development at Bon Secours Community Works
| | - Aurelia Laird
- Aurelia Laird was the director of clinical and community research at Bon Secours Hospital at the time this work was conducted
| | - Keshia M. Pollack Porter
- Keshia M. Pollack Porter is a professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management and the vice dean for faculty development at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Craig Evan Pollack
- Craig Evan Pollack is the Katey Ayers Endowed Associate Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and in the School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University
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Arnold KT, Porter KMP, Frattaroli S, Durham RE, Clary LK, Mendelson T. Multilevel Barriers and Facilitators to Sustainability of a Universal Trauma-Informed School-Based Mental Health Intervention Following an Efficacy Trial: A Qualitative Study. School Ment Health 2021; 13:174-185. [PMID: 33628336 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-020-09402-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Limited research exists about factors that influence the sustainability of preventive school mental health interventions when research support ends. This study assessed barriers and facilitators to sustaining RAP (Relax, be Aware, do a Personal rating) Club, a trauma-informed universal mental health intervention, in urban schools following efficacy trial implementation. Between 2016-2018, 13 Baltimore City schools implemented RAP Club. We evaluated RAP Club sustainability using semi-structured interviews with administrators (n=10) and school staff trained to deliver the intervention (n=11), as well as review of intervention fidelity logs (n=137) and notes from supervision calls (n=10) with school staff and research team members who implemented the program. Although most school staff described RAP Club as acceptable and beneficial, none of the 13 schools sustained the intervention. Barriers to sustainability included low self-efficacy among school staff trained to deliver the intervention, school staff turnover, logistical challenges with space and time in the regular school calendar to deliver the program, insufficient funding to sustain the program outside of the research context, and limited planning and ongoing communication between school personnel and researchers about sustainability. Recommendations for increasing post-trial program sustainability include developing sustainability plans with schools during the pre-implementation phase, enhancing ongoing support for school staff during the implementation phase, and using academic-community partnerships to facilitate sustainability and intervention scale-up during the post-implementation phase. Increasing sustainability of beneficial school-based mental health programs has the potential to reduce mental health disparities and promote health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly T Arnold
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Baltimore, MD, USA.,University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,University of Pennsylvania, Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shannon Frattaroli
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel E Durham
- Notre Dame of Maryland University, School of Education, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura K Clary
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamar Mendelson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Prochnow T, Umstattd Meyer MR, Bridges Hamilton CN, Pollack Porter KM. Differences in Child Physical Activity Levels at Rural Play Streets Due to Activity Type and Sex. J Healthy Eat Act Living 2020; 1:16-26. [PMID: 37790134 PMCID: PMC10544929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Children are significantly less active during summer months, and rural children may face unique barriers to engaging in physical activity. Play Streets is a low-cost way communities can provide safe play opportunities by activating public spaces. Four low-income rural communities received mini-grants to implement four three-hour Play Streets throughout summer 2017 for a total of 16 Play Streets. System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) and iSOPARC were used to assess physical activity. Chi-square tests of homogeneity determined significant differences in the proportion of children observed as active based on sex and target area type. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine if target area characteristics (i.e., type, equipped, supervised, organized) and presence of other active children or adults increased the odds of observing a child as active. In total, 1,750 children were observed across all 16 Play Streets; roughly half of all children (48.6% of boys, 48.7% of girls) were observed as active. There was no significant difference in proportion of children observed as active based on sex of the child (OR = 0.99, 95% CI:0.82-1.20). Significant differences in the proportion of active children were found between target area categories. Boys were significantly more likely to be observed as active in areas which were equipped or organized. All children were significantly more likely to be active if there was another active child present in the same area. These results add to the growing literature surrounding successful implementation of Play Streets in rural settings, social influence, and active play.
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Gielen AC, Bachman G, Badaki-Makun O, Johnson RM, McDonald E, Omaki E, Pollack Porter KM, Ryan L, Shields W. National survey of home injuries during the time of COVID-19: who is at risk? Inj Epidemiol 2020; 7:63. [PMID: 33176881 PMCID: PMC7656093 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-020-00291-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, 44% of all reported injuries in U.S. households occurred in the home. Spending more time at home due to the pandemic may increase the number of home injuries. Methods A nationally representative sample of 2011 U.S. adults were surveyed online between June 17 – June 29, 2020. Propensity score weighting and T-tests were used. Results Twenty-eight percent (28%) of households reported a home injury or ingestion during the pandemic; 13% reported experiencing both. Injuries were most often due to falls (32%). Medication ingestions were reported by 6%; household product ingestions were reported by 4%. Relative to households that experienced no injuries or ingestions, those that reported either or both were more likely to: be in urban areas, have household incomes > $100,000, and have children living in them. Among households reporting more time spent at home, those with children were significantly more likely than those without to report an injury or ingestion. Conclusions Results help target prevention messages while U.S. families are continuing to work and learn remotely. During this pandemic and future stay-at-home orders, there is a need for public health efforts to prevent home injuries and ingestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Gielen
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Grace Bachman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Baltimore, USA
| | - Oluwakemi Badaki-Makun
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Renee M Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Baltimore, USA
| | - Eileen McDonald
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, 624 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Elise Omaki
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Baltimore, USA
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Baltimore, USA
| | - Leticia Ryan
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Wendy Shields
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Baltimore, USA
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27
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Rogerson B, Lindberg R, Baum F, Dora C, Haigh F, Simoncelli AM, Parry Williams L, Peralta G, Pollack Porter KM, Solar O. Recent Advances in Health Impact Assessment and Health in All Policies Implementation: Lessons from an International Convening in Barcelona. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17217714. [PMID: 33105669 PMCID: PMC7659966 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Health Impact Assessment (HIA) and Health in All Policies (HiAP) are policy tools used to include health considerations in decision-making processes across sectors such as transportation, education, and criminal justice that can play a role in improving health and equity. This article summarizes proceedings from an international convening of HIA and HiAP experts held in July 2019 in Barcelona, Spain. The presentations and panel discussions included different models, best practices, and lessons learned, including from government, international banks, think tanks, and academia. Participants discussed ideas from around the world for cross-sector collaboration to advance health. The convening covered the following topics: community engagement, building greater understanding of and support for HiAP, and exploring how mandates for HIA and HiAP approaches may advance health and equity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Lindberg
- Health Impact Project, Washington, DC 20004, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Fran Baum
- Southgate Institute for Health, Society and Equity, WHO Collaborating Centre on the Social, Political and Commercial Determinants of Health Equity at Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Carlos Dora
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Fiona Haigh
- Health Equity Research Development Unit, Sydney Local Health District, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2033, Australia;
| | | | - Lee Parry Williams
- Wales Health Impact Assessment Support Unit, Policy and International Health, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health & Well-being, Public Health Wales, Mold CH7 1PZ, Wales, UK;
| | | | - Keshia M. Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Orielle Solar
- Work, Employment, Equity and Health Program, Latin American Social Sciences Faculty (FLACSO), Santiago 7630412, Chile;
- Chile and Public Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
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Pollack Porter KM, Bridges Hamilton CN, Umstattd Meyer MR. Implementing Play Streets in Low-Income Rural Communities in the United States. Health Promot Pract 2020; 23:372-374. [PMID: 32917112 DOI: 10.1177/1524839920957228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Play streets involve the temporary closure of streets that for a specified time create a safe place for active play. Play streets have been implemented primarily in cities; it is unknown if they could be adapted and implemented in rural areas. To learn about implementation, core components of play streets and inform adaptation, we conducted systematic peer-reviewed and grey literature searches and interviews with a purposive sample of key informants. Data were analyzed by theme and used to inform implementation of play streets by four community organizations in low-income rural areas of Maryland, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas from June to September 2017. Core elements of play streets in urban areas were present in rural settings-the content (e.g., activities offered), delivery of the intervention in partnership with community members and local organizations, and reoccurrence of play streets at a single location. There were three key adaptations relating to delivery and context to consider uniquely when implementing play streets in rural areas (1) using locations other than streets, (2) varying locations to account for geographic dispersion, and (3) maximizing participation and resources by coupling play streets with community events. Play streets can be successfully implemented in rural settings with these modifications, which support feasibility, reach, and access. Play streets in rural areas should include activities for active play that are age-appropriate and fun, without necessarily tailoring content for rural areas.
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Arnold KT, Pollack Porter KM, Frattaroli S, Durham RE, Mmari K, Clary LK, Mendelson T. Factors that Influenced Adoption of a School-Based Trauma-Informed Universal Mental Health Intervention. Prev Sci 2020; 21:1081-1092. [PMID: 32705402 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01144-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We know little about why school administrators choose to adopt preventive mental health interventions within the context of school-based prevention trials. This study used a qualitative multiple-case study design to identify factors that influenced the adoption of a trauma-informed universal intervention by urban public school administrators during an efficacy trial. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 school administrators who adopted a trauma-informed mindfulness intervention called RAP (Relax, be Aware, and do a Personal Rating) Club as part of their participation in a school-based trial with eighth graders. Findings indicated that administrators adopted RAP Club to provide support for students affected by trauma and prevent students from engaging in unhealthy coping behaviors. Examples of contextual factors that contributed to adoption included a lack of trauma-informed mental health programs within schools, inadequate district funding for preventive school mental health services, and the perceived benefits of engaging in a university-community partnership. The study's findings suggest strategies to increase school program adoption in the context of research and, more broadly, for implementation science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly T Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market St., 3rd Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shannon Frattaroli
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel E Durham
- School of Education, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristin Mmari
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura K Clary
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamar Mendelson
- Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Hecht AA, Pollack Porter KM, Turner L. Impact of The Community Eligibility Provision of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act on Student Nutrition, Behavior, and Academic Outcomes: 2011-2019. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:1405-1410. [PMID: 32584590 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.305743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) allows high-poverty schools participating in US Department of Agriculture meal programs to offer universal free breakfast and lunch. Authorized as part of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, CEP became available to eligible schools nationwide in 2014.Emerging evidence suggests that schools that provide universal free meals experience positive impacts on student nutrition, behavior, and academic performance. In particular, schools benefit from increased meal participation rates. There is mixed evidence of impacts on test scores and attendance, and limited but promising results showing improvements in weight outcomes, on-time grade promotion rates, disciplinary referrals, and food security.In this article, we summarize the growing evidence base and suggest policy approaches to increase the use of CEP by eligible schools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie A Hecht
- Amelie A. Hecht and Keshia M. Pollack Porter are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Lindsey Turner is with the College of Education, Boise State University, Boise, ID
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Amelie A. Hecht and Keshia M. Pollack Porter are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Lindsey Turner is with the College of Education, Boise State University, Boise, ID
| | - Lindsey Turner
- Amelie A. Hecht and Keshia M. Pollack Porter are with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD. Lindsey Turner is with the College of Education, Boise State University, Boise, ID
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Umstattd Meyer MR, Prochnow T, Bridges CN, Carlton T, Wilkins E, Arnold KT, McClendon ME, McKenzie T, Pollack Porter KM. Assessing Physical Activity in Temporary Spaces: Application of SOPARC / iSOPARC® for Play Streets. Res Q Exerc Sport 2020; 91:346-353. [PMID: 31687924 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1656793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) is a valid, reliable method for understanding how people engage in physical activity (PA) in various permanent settings (e.g., parks) and contexts. However, its utility, reliability, and validity in temporary spaces has not been examined. Temporary spaces can provide PA opportunities often absent in low-income communities due to inadequate safe permanent PA spaces. Play Streets involve temporary closure of streets or other publicly accessibly spaces (e.g., parking lots, open-fields) to create safe play spaces for a specified time-period. We describe the utility, reliability, and validity of using SOPARC to assess PA in temporary spaces like Play Streets. Method: Trained SOPARC/iSOPARC (iPad App) research staff completed systematic observations during Play Streets occurring in four diverse low-income rural U.S. communities during summer 2017. Results: We successfully used iSOPARC to document PA and how spaces were used at Play Streets (n = 16), confirming its utility, reliability, and validity. Unlike observations of permanent spaces, target areas could not be pre-established since play spaces often changed during set-up, requiring time onsite to identify target areas and boundaries. Play areas frequently appeared and/or disappeared during Play Streets, and this was systematically addressed by using physical target area boundaries instead of activities. Conclusions: Understanding how temporary spaces are used for PA is critical for promoting their use. SOPARC/iSOPARC methods are useful in a Play Streets' context; however, systematic methods and training are needed to address inherent unpredictable and dynamic changes within and across target areas.
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Bhattarai J'J, Bentley J, Morean W, Wegener ST, Pollack Porter KM. Promoting equity at the population level: Putting the foundational principles into practice through disability advocacy. Rehabil Psychol 2020; 65:87-100. [PMID: 32297777 PMCID: PMC7285891 DOI: 10.1037/rep0000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rehabilitation psychology is based on foundational principles that can guide us toward health equity among disabled and nondisabled communities. We summarize the literature on disparities in the disability community and underscore the urgency to address underlying inequities to eliminate disparities. We include examples of population-level interventions that promote equity in the disability community. We conclude with a call for a broader mission for rehabilitation psychologists based on the field's foundational principles, and outline emerging opportunities to widen our impact and advance equity. Our foundational principles, built on systems theory, call on rehabilitation psychologist to work at macrosystemic levels. As rehabilitation psychologists, we need to widen our focus from the micro (individual) to the macro (population) level. We need to bring the respect, dignity, and collaborative spirit that inspire our work with individuals to the broader community by advocating for structures and policies that promote equity for disabled persons. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Bentley
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University
| | - Whitney Morean
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Seattle Pacific University
| | - Stephen T Wegener
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
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Botchwey N, Conway TL, Floyd M, Hipp A, Kim A, Pollack Porter KM, Umstattd Meyer MR, Burnett J, Sallis JF. Challenges recruiting diverse youth for physical activity research. Prev Med 2020; 131:105888. [PMID: 31770541 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Botchwey
- School of City and Regional Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, 245 4th Street NW, Suite 204, Atlanta, GA 30332-0155, United States of America.
| | - Terry L Conway
- Department of Health Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0631, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
| | - Myron Floyd
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, 2820 Faucette Dr., Campus Box 8001, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Aaron Hipp
- Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, College of Natural Resources, 2820 Faucette Dr., Campus Box 8001, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America.
| | - Anna Kim
- School of Public Affairs, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4505, United States of America.
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 380A, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States of America.
| | - M Renée Umstattd Meyer
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97343, Waco, TX 76798-7343, United States of America.
| | - Jasmine Burnett
- School of City and Regional Planning, Georgia Institute of Technology, 245 4th Street NW, Suite 204, Atlanta, GA 30332-0155, United States of America.
| | - James F Sallis
- Department of Health Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0631, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
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Pate RR, Sallis JF, Pollack Porter KM. Surveillance of Physical Activity: Actions Needed to Support New Federal Guidelines. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:87-89. [PMID: 31800284 PMCID: PMC6893320 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Russell R Pate
- Russell R. Pate is with the Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC. James F. Sallis is with the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Keshia M. Pollack Porter is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - James F Sallis
- Russell R. Pate is with the Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC. James F. Sallis is with the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Keshia M. Pollack Porter is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Russell R. Pate is with the Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC. James F. Sallis is with the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA. Keshia M. Pollack Porter is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Pollack Porter KM, Umstattd Meyer MR. Play Streets: The Authors Reply. Health Aff (Millwood) 2019; 38:2115. [PMID: 31794319 DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2019.01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Umstattd Meyer MR, Bridges Hamilton CN, Prochnow T, McClendon ME, Arnold KT, Wilkins E, Benavidez G, Williams TD, Abildso CG, Pollack Porter KM. Come together, play, be active: Physical activity engagement of school-age children at Play Streets in four diverse rural communities in the U.S. Prev Med 2019; 129:105869. [PMID: 31654727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.105869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Across the U.S., Play Streets - temporary street closures creating safe places for play for a few hours- are being implemented in urban areas during summer. Play Streets have never been implemented or evaluated in rural communities but have the potential to address challenges residents face accessing safe physical activity opportunities in these areas. Community organizations in four diverse low-income rural communities (selected to represent African American, American Indian, Latino, or White, non-Hispanic populations) received mini-grants in 2017 to implement four, three-hour Play Streets during the summer focusing on school-aged children in elementary-to-middle school. Physical activity was measured using Digi-walker (Yamax-SW200) pedometers and the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC/iSOPARC). Sixteen Play Streets were implemented in rural Maryland, North Carolina, Oklahoma, and Texas communities during June-September 2017. A total of 370 children (mean age = 8.81 years [SD = 2.75]; 55.0% female) wore pedometers across all 16 Play Streets (μ = 23.13 [SD = 8.59] children/Play Street). School-aged children with complete data (n = 353) wore pedometers for an average of 92.97 min (SD = 60.12) and accrued a mean of 42.08 steps/min (SD = 17.27), with no significant differences between boys (μ = 43.82, SD = 15.76) and girls (μ = 40.66, SD = 18.34). iSOPARC observations revealed no significant differences in child activity by sex; however, male teens were more active than female teens. Most adults were sedentary during Play Streets according to pedometer and iSOPARC data. Children in diverse rural communities are physically active at Play Streets. Play Streets are a promising intervention for promoting active play among children that lack safe opportunities to be active.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Renée Umstattd Meyer
- Baylor University, Department of Public Health, One Bear Place #97343, Waco, TX 76798, USA.
| | | | - T Prochnow
- Baylor University, College of Health and Human Sciences, One Bear Place #97311, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Megan E McClendon
- Baylor University, College of Health and Human Sciences, One Bear Place #97311, Waco, TX 76798, USA; Texas State University, USA
| | - Kimberly T Arnold
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 380A, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily Wilkins
- Baylor University, Department of Public Health, One Bear Place #97343, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Gabriel Benavidez
- Baylor University, Department of Public Health, One Bear Place #97343, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Tiffany D Williams
- Gramercy Research Group, 7990 North Point Boulevard, Suite 108, Winston-Salem, NC 27106, USA
| | - Christiaan G Abildso
- West Virginia University School of Public Health, PO Box 9190, Morgantown, WV 26506-9190, USA
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House 380A, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Pollack Porter KM, Prochnow T, Mahoney P, Delgado H, Bridges Hamilton CN, Wilkins E, Umstattd Meyer MR. Transforming City Streets To Promote Physical Activity And Health Equity. Health Aff (Millwood) 2019; 38:1475-1483. [DOI: 10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keshia M. Pollack Porter
- Keshia M. Pollack Porter is a professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, in Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tyler Prochnow
- Tyler Prochnow is a doctoral student and research assistant in the Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University, in Waco, Texas
| | - Patricia Mahoney
- Patricia Mahoney is a research data analyst in the Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Haley Delgado
- Haley Delgado is a graduate student and a research assistant in the Department of Public Health, Baylor University
| | - Christina N. Bridges Hamilton
- Christina N. Bridges Hamilton is a doctoral candidate and a teaching and research assistant in the Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, Baylor University
| | - Emily Wilkins
- Emily Wilkins is a graduate student and a research assistant in the Department of Public Health, Baylor University
| | - M. Renée Umstattd Meyer
- M. Renée Umstattd Meyer is an associate professor in the Department of Public Health, Baylor University
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Pollack Porter KM, Lindberg R, McInnis-Simoncelli A. Considering health and health disparities during state policy formulation: examining Washington state Health Impact Reviews. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:862. [PMID: 31269934 PMCID: PMC6610847 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7165-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As part of efforts to expand Health in All Policies (HiAP) in Washington State in the U.S., the Washington State Board of Health (BOH) received statutory authority in 2006 to conduct Health Impact Reviews (HIRs). HIRs analyze the potential impacts of proposed legislation and budget decisions on health and health disparities. Public health professionals who are aware of HIRs are interested in adopting a similar process in their states; however, there is limited information about HIRs, how they are perceived, and how they could advance HiAP. METHODS This research involved a descriptive analysis of a sample of HIRs and semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 17 key informants. For the descriptive analysis, all HIRs requested or completed between January 1, 2007 and April 1, 2016 that had a request form submitted by a legislator or the governor that was available in the BOH's online database were reviewed. Information was collected on several variables including the bill number and title, sponsor and political affiliation, and the sector to which the bill or budgetary proposal pertained. A purposeful sample of legislators, staff, advocates, and lobbyists who were involved with HIRs during the study period were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. Topic coding was used to identify key themes from the qualitative data. RESULTS During the study period, 20 legislators requested 36 HIRs; 32 HIRs were completed. HIRs were requested for several bill topics, including education (11/36) and labor and employment (9/36). Legislators who requested HIRs felt they provided valuable data on health and health disparities for proposed bills. Individuals who were less supportive of HIRs perceived them as an advocacy or political tool. The main barrier to widespread use of HIRs in Washington was a lack of awareness among legislators. CONCLUSIONS HIRs are one strategy to advance HiAP for state policy decisions. HIRs are a potentially effective tool for highlighting how legislative proposals and budgets positively and negatively impact health and health disparities. Future efforts should promote awareness and highlight shared benefits of HIRs among legislators and their staff, as well as their scientific integrity, methodological rigor, and objectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 624 North Broadway, Rom 380A, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Ruth Lindberg
- Health Impact Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts, 901 E Street NW, Washington, DC, 20004, USA
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Merrill-Francis M, Vernick JS, Porter KMP. Local All-Age Bicycle Helmet Ordinances in the United States: A Review and Analysis. J Law Med Ethics 2019; 47:283-291. [PMID: 31298090 DOI: 10.1177/1073110519857283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bicycle helmets protect against head injury. Mandatory helmet laws likely increase their use. Although 21 states and Washington, DC have mandatory helmet laws for youth (variously defined) bicyclists, no U.S. state has a mandatory helmet law that applies to all ages; however, some localities have all-age helmet laws for bicyclists. This study abstracted local helmet laws applicable to all-ages to examine their elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Merrill-Francis
- Molly Merrill-Francis, M.P.H., is a current Health Policy and Management Ph.D. candidate at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, MD. She received an M.P.H. in Health Behavior from University of North Carolina Gilling's School of Global Public Health in Chapel Hill, NC. Jon S. Vernick, J.D., M.P.H., is a Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Prof. Vernick is the Co-Director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Law and the Public's Health and Director of Training and Education for the Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy. He is also affiliated with the Eastern Region of the Network for Public Health Law. Keshia M. Pollack Porter, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Dr. Pollack Porter is Director of the School's Institute for Health and Social Policy and Director of the Research Core for the Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy
| | - Jon S Vernick
- Molly Merrill-Francis, M.P.H., is a current Health Policy and Management Ph.D. candidate at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, MD. She received an M.P.H. in Health Behavior from University of North Carolina Gilling's School of Global Public Health in Chapel Hill, NC. Jon S. Vernick, J.D., M.P.H., is a Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Prof. Vernick is the Co-Director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Law and the Public's Health and Director of Training and Education for the Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy. He is also affiliated with the Eastern Region of the Network for Public Health Law. Keshia M. Pollack Porter, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Dr. Pollack Porter is Director of the School's Institute for Health and Social Policy and Director of the Research Core for the Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Molly Merrill-Francis, M.P.H., is a current Health Policy and Management Ph.D. candidate at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, MD. She received an M.P.H. in Health Behavior from University of North Carolina Gilling's School of Global Public Health in Chapel Hill, NC. Jon S. Vernick, J.D., M.P.H., is a Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Prof. Vernick is the Co-Director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Law and the Public's Health and Director of Training and Education for the Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy. He is also affiliated with the Eastern Region of the Network for Public Health Law. Keshia M. Pollack Porter, Ph.D., is a Professor in the Department of Health Policy and Management at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Dr. Pollack Porter is Director of the School's Institute for Health and Social Policy and Director of the Research Core for the Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy
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Mui Y, Ballard E, Lopatin E, Thornton RLJ, Pollack Porter KM, Gittelsohn J. A community-based system dynamics approach suggests solutions for improving healthy food access in a low-income urban environment. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216985. [PMID: 31086409 PMCID: PMC6516673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms through which neighborhood-level factors (e.g., social support, economic opportunity) relate to suboptimal availability of healthy foods in low-income urban communities. We engaged a diverse group of chain and local food outlet owners, residents, neighborhood organizations, and city agencies based in Baltimore, MD. Eighteen participants completed a series of exercises based on a set of pre-defined scripts through an interactive, iterative group model building process over a two-day community-based workshop. This process culminated in the development of causal loop diagrams, based on participants’ perspectives, illustrating the dynamic factors in an urban neighborhood food system. Synthesis of diagrams yielded 21 factors and their embedded feedback loops. Crime played a prominent role in several feedback loops within the neighborhood food system: contributing to healthy food being “risky food,” supporting unhealthy food stores, and severing social ties important for learning about healthy food. Findings shed light on a new framework for thinking about barriers related to healthy food access and pointed to potential new avenues for intervention, such as reducing neighborhood crime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeeli Mui
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Ellis Ballard
- Social System Design Lab, Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Eli Lopatin
- Reservoir Hill Improvement Council; Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. J. Thornton
- Center for Child and Community Health Research, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Keshia M. Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Institute for Health and Social Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Joel Gittelsohn
- Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Global Obesity Prevention Center (GOPC) at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Umstattd Meyer MR, Bridges CN, Schmid TL, Hecht AA, Pollack Porter KM. Systematic review of how Play Streets impact opportunities for active play, physical activity, neighborhoods, and communities. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:335. [PMID: 30902073 PMCID: PMC6431069 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-6609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active play and physical activity are important for preventing childhood obesity, building healthy bones and muscles, reducing anxiety and stress, and increasing self-esteem. Unfortunately, safe and accessible play places are often lacking in under-resourced communities. Play Streets (temporary closure of streets) are an understudied intervention that provide safe places for children, adolescents, and their families to actively play. This systematic review examines how Play Streets impact opportunities for children and adolescents to engage in safe active play and physical activity, and for communities and neighborhoods. Methods for evaluating Play Streets were also examined. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted in Academic Search Complete, CINHAL, PsycINFO, PubMED, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Peer-reviewed intervention studies published worldwide were included if they were published in English, through December 2017 and documented free-to-access Play Streets or other temporary spaces that incorporated a designated area for children and/or adolescents to engage in active play. Systematic data extraction documented sample, implementation, and measurement characteristics and outcomes. RESULTS Of 180 reviewed abstracts, 6 studies met inclusion criteria. Studies were conducted in five different countries (n = 2 in U.S.), using mostly cross-sectional study designs (n = 4). Physical activity outcomes were measured in half of the studies; one used observational and self-report measures, and two used device-based and self-report measures. In general, Play Streets provided safe places for child play, increased sense of community, and when measured, data suggest increased physical activity overall and during Play Streets. CONCLUSIONS Play Streets can create safe places for children to actively play, with promise of increasing physical activity and strengthening community. Given the popularity of Play Streets and the potential impact for active play, physical activity, and community level benefits, more rigorous evaluations and systematic reporting of Play Streets' evaluations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Renée Umstattd Meyer
- Department of Public Health, Baylor University, College of Health and Human Sciences, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - Christina N Bridges
- Department of Health, Human Performance, & Recreation, Baylor University, College of Health and Human Sciences, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Thomas L Schmid
- Sr. Advisor Physical Activity and Health Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Amelie A Hecht
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshia M Pollack Porter
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 2 Institute for Health and Social Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 3 Policy Change Workgroup, Bloomberg American Health Initiative, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lainie Rutkow
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 3 Policy Change Workgroup, Bloomberg American Health Initiative, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emma E McGinty
- 1 Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 2 Institute for Health and Social Policy, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 3 Policy Change Workgroup, Bloomberg American Health Initiative, Baltimore, MD, USA
- 4 Johns Hopkins Center for Mental Health and Addiction Policy Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Bailey MM, Coller RK, Pollack Porter KM. A qualitative study of facilitators and barriers to implementing worksite policies that support physical activity. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:1145. [PMID: 30261871 PMCID: PMC6161461 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-6045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is associated with several chronic diseases that are costly to society, employers, and individuals. Workplaces are a common location for physical activity (PA) initiatives because of the amount of time individuals who are employed full time spend at work. This research examined a statewide worksite wellness program, the Healthiest Maryland Businesses (HMB) program, to fill an important gap regarding the facilitators for and barriers to implementing workplace policies that support PA. METHODS Individual telephone interviews were conducted in December 2015 with six HMB Coordinators and their supervisor, and from August through October 2016 with a purposeful sample of 15 businesses of various sizes from across Maryland, to learn about the role of leadership, and successes and challenges of implementing PA programs and policies. The sample of businesses was intentionally selected to capture perspectives from a range of businesses. Interviews were recorded and professionally transcribed. Descriptive coding was used to identify dominant themes that addressed the study aims and research questions. RESULTS PA was not described as a priority for several large and small businesses. To garner more support for PA, interviewees emphasized associating PA initiatives with measures the businesses care about, such as health care costs from claims data. Small businesses also described having a need for PA programming yet reported having significant resource constraints. There was a strong interest in developing guidance for implementing PA break policies, which was mentioned as a critical support for workplace PA promotion. More commitment and investment of resources from leadership, and an engaged wellness committee with company representation at all levels and roles, were identified as vital for impactful programs. CONCLUSIONS Most businesses are implementing PA programs with limited policy supports, which was mentioned as a barrier. Successful implementation of workplace wellness programs broadly, and PA initiatives specifically, are achievable through leadership buy-in, employee input, and policy supports, along with highlighting the economic benefits for businesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryanne M Bailey
- The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe Street Osler Building #720, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Rachel K Coller
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, #380A, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
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Nesoff ED, Pollack Porter KM, Bailey M, Gielen AC. Knowledge and Beliefs About Pedestrian Safety in an Urban Community: Implications for Promoting Safe Walking. J Community Health 2018; 44:103-111. [PMID: 30043196 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-018-0559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As more people walk for transport and exercise, it is possible to avoid a concomitant increase in the number of pedestrian injuries. Understanding how the public views pedestrian safety can help inform the development of prevention strategies that support national efforts to promote walking and walkable communities. As part of the formative research for a community pedestrian safety health promotion campaign, we administered an online questionnaire to employees and students at a large urban medical campus, along with residents in the neighboring communities, to determine their knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding pedestrian safety; awareness of relevant traffic safety laws; and effective strategies that could improve pedestrian safety. Pearson Chi square Test of Independence was used to investigate differences between individuals who mainly traveled as drivers versus those who mainly traveled as pedestrians. Statistical significance was established at p < .05. A total of 3808 adults completed the online survey. More drivers than pedestrians reported that pedestrian safety was an important problem (73 and 64%, respectively; p < .001). A large proportion of respondents incorrectly reported the existing state laws addressing right of way, fines, and enforcement, with significant differences between drivers and pedestrians (p < .001). Significantly more pedestrians than drivers supported changing traffic signals to increase crossing time (p = .001), while more drivers than pedestrians supported creating structures to prevent midblock crossing (p = .003). Effective interventions to improve pedestrian safety need to tailor messages for both drivers and pedestrians, increase awareness of the laws, and implement comprehensive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth D Nesoff
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 722 W 168th St, 5th Floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Keshia M Pollack Porter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, 624 N. Broadway, 5th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Maryanne Bailey
- Department of Nursing, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
- The Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrea C Gielen
- Department of Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Behavior, and Society, The Johns Hopkins Center for Injury Research and Policy, 624 N. Broadway, 7th Floor, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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