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Fleszar-Pavlović SE, Cameron LD. Developing a narrative communication intervention in the context of HPV vaccination. PEC Innov 2024; 4:100272. [PMID: 38525313 PMCID: PMC10957452 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Objective We outline the development of a narrative intervention guided by the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (CSM) to promote Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in a diverse college population. Methods We adapted the Obesity-Related Behavioral Intervention Trials (ORBIT) model to guide the development, evaluation, and refinement of a CSM-guided narrative video. First, content experts developed a video script containing information on HPV, HPV vaccines, and HPV-related cancers. The script and video contents were evaluated and refined, in succession, utilizing the think-aloud method, open-ended questions, and a brief survey during one-on-one interviews with university students. Results Script and video content analyses led to significant revisions that enhanced quality, informativeness, and relevance to the participants. We highlight the critical issues that were revealed and revised in the iterative process. Conclusions We developed and refined a CSM guided narrative video for diverse university students. This framework serves as a guide for developing health communication interventions for other populations and health behaviors. Innovation This project is the first to apply the ORBIT framework to HPV vaccination and describe a process to develop, evaluate, and refine comparable CSM guided narrative interventions that are tailored to specific audiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E. Fleszar-Pavlović
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, United States of America
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Linda D. Cameron
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, United States of America
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Zarate-Gonzalez G, Brown P, Cameron LD, Song AV. Will tobacco price increases lead more people who smoke to vape? The results from a discrete choice experiment amongst U.S. adults. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2296. [PMID: 37986072 PMCID: PMC10662298 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To understand the extent to which people who smoke, people who vape and nonsmokers would switch between smoking cigarettes and vaping in response to policies (price increases, restrictions on nicotine, places, and information on addictiveness and/or health risks) aimed at decreasing tobacco use by people who smoke and vaping by nonsmokers. DESIGN A total of 525 adults aged 18 to 88 years completed a discrete choice survey of 16 choices between two smoking/vaping alternatives. Analysis was conducted using conditional logistic regression for the entire sample and stratified by nonsmokers, people who smoke, and people who vape. RESULTS The results suggest that most people who vape also smoke. Nonsmokers were more favorable to vaping and were concerned about long-term health risks and cost associated with vaping. Marginal analysis suggests that price increases will have only modest success in moving people who smoke to start vaping or encouraging people who vape to vape rather than use cigarettes. Nonsmokers are not very sensitive to price changes but are sensitive to information about health impacts. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that increasing the price of cigarettes would lead to a limited increase in the probability of people who smoke switch to vaping. The study advances our understanding of the views of current nonsmokers toward cigarettes and vaping, suggesting that price increases and increased knowledge of addiction would likely deter nonsmokers from vaping. Changing the amount of nicotine associated with smoking would increase the probability of vaping slightly and have little impact on nonsmokers or vaping preferences, but the most significant change would come from increasing the perceptions of the risk of smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Brown
- University of California, Merced 5200 North Lake Rd., Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Linda D Cameron
- University of California, Merced 5200 North Lake Rd., Merced, CA, 95343, USA
| | - Anna V Song
- University of California, Merced 5200 North Lake Rd., Merced, CA, 95343, USA
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3
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Taber JM, Peters E, Klein WMP, Cameron LD, Turbitt E, Biesecker BB. Motivations to learn genomic information are not exceptional: Lessons from behavioral science. Clin Genet 2023; 104:397-405. [PMID: 37491896 DOI: 10.1111/cge.14401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Whether to undergo genome sequencing in a clinical or research context is generally a voluntary choice. Individuals are often motivated to learn genomic information even when clinical utility-the possibility that the test could inform medical recommendations or health outcomes-is low or absent. Motivations to seek one's genomic information can be cognitive, affective, social, or mixed (e.g., cognitive and affective) in nature. These motivations are based on the perceived value of the information, specifically, its clinical utility and personal utility. We suggest that motivations to learn genomic information are no different from motivations to learn other types of personal information, including one's health status and disease risk. Here, we review behavioral science relevant to motivations that may drive engagement with genome sequencing, both in the presence of varying degrees of clinical utility and in the absence of clinical utility. Specifically, we elucidate 10 motivations that are expected to underlie decisions to undergo genome sequencing. Recognizing these motivations to learn genomic information will guide future research and ultimately help clinicians to facilitate informed decision making among individuals as genome sequencing becomes increasingly available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Taber
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Ellen Peters
- Center for Science Communication Research and Psychology Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - William M P Klein
- Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Linda D Cameron
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, California, USA
| | - Erin Turbitt
- Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barbara B Biesecker
- Genomics, Bioinformatics and Translational Science, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Fleszar-Pavlović SE, Cameron LD. Are Interventions Efficacious at Increasing Human Papillomavirus Vaccinations Among Adults? A Meta-Analysis. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:368-379. [PMID: 37001049 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A variety of intervention strategies to improve Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates in adults exist; however, they have shown varying efficacy and inconsistent outcomes.
Purpose
This meta-analysis tested the efficacy of HPV vaccination interventions for adults in increasing vaccine intentions, rates of initiation of the vaccine series, and completion rates. The study also tested potential moderators (intervention strategy, theory-based versus nontheory-based interventions, race/ethnicity, gender, study quality) of relationships between intervention receipt and vaccine intentions.
Method
Electronic databases (PsychINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, JSTOR, PubMed) were searched for English-language articles published up to September 2021. Eligible studies included outcomes of vaccine intentions, receipt of the first dose, or vaccine series completion and included intervention and comparison conditions.
Results
The search yielded 38 eligible studies reporting 78 effect sizes. Random effects, multilevel, meta-analytic models revealed a significant, small effect of interventions on vaccine intentions (OR = 0.36, 95% CI [0.07, 0.65]); a nonsignificant effect on vaccine initiation rates (OR = 1.29; 95% CI [0.87, 1.91]); and significant effects on vaccine completion rates (OR = 1.58, 95% CI [1.18, 2.11]). Race/ethnicity, gender, intervention strategy, theory-based interventions, and study quality did not moderate the intervention effects on vaccine intentions.
Conclusion
Evidence supports the efficacy of interventions to increase intentions to receive the HPV vaccine and completion of the HPV vaccine series in adults. However, evidence did not support the efficacy of interventions to increase HPV vaccine initiation. Findings highlight directions for developing more efficacious HPV vaccine interventions for adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Fleszar-Pavlović
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Linda D Cameron
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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Cameron LD, Lawler S, Robbins-Hill A, Toor I, Brown PM. Political views, health literacy, and COVID-19 beliefs and behaviors: A moderated mediation model. Soc Sci Med 2023; 320:115672. [PMID: 36764089 PMCID: PMC9884608 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mitigating the spread of COVID-19 requires that people understand the need for and engage in protective behaviors. Given the complexity and rapid progression of media information about the pandemic, health literacy could be essential to acquiring the accurate beliefs, concern for societal risks, and appreciation of restrictive policies needed to motivate these behaviors. Yet with the increasingly politicized nature of COVID-related issues in the United States, health literacy could be an asset for those with more liberal views but less so for those with more conservative views. OBJECTIVE This study tested a hypothesized model proposing that political views moderate the associations of health literacy with COVID-19 protective behaviors as well as the mediational roles of accurate and inaccurate COVID-19 beliefs, concern for society, and governmental control attitudes. METHODS We surveyed residents in three diverse regions of California in June 2020 (N = 669) and February 2021 (N = 611). Participants completed measures of health literacy, political views, and COVID-19 beliefs and behaviors. RESULTS Moderated mediational analyses largely supported the proposed model with both samples. Health literacy was associated with more accurate COVID-19 beliefs, less inaccurate COVID-19 beliefs, greater concern for societal risks, more positive attitudes regarding restrictive government control, more protective behavior, less risky behavior, and stronger vaccine intentions; beliefs, concern for society, and governmental control attitudes mediated the health literacy-behavior relationships. As predicted, however, these associations of health literacy with adaptive beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors varied according to political views. The direct and mediated relationships were held for participants with more liberal views and, to a lesser extent, for those with moderate views, but they were weaker or absent for participants with more conservative views. CONCLUSIONS These findings contribute new evidence of processes linking health literacy with adaptive beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors and how social and political contexts can shape those processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda D Cameron
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Sheleigh Lawler
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Imrinder Toor
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, USA
| | - Paul M Brown
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, USA
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Disla J, Main A, Yung ST, Ramirez Loyola MD, Wiebe DJ, Cameron LD, Cakan N, Raymond JK. Parent affective responses to observed adolescent disclosures in the context of type 1 diabetes management. J Fam Psychol 2023; 37:215-222. [PMID: 36548065 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rates of Type 1 diabetes are rising, and diabetes management often deteriorates during adolescence. Adolescent disclosure to parents is a key factor for effective diabetes management, and parent affective responses to disclosures affect the timing of future disclosures in healthy populations, but no studies to our knowledge have examined parent affective behaviors that facilitate or inhibit disclosure in the context of managing Type 1 diabetes. The present study examined how observed parental affective responses to adolescent disclosures predict the timing of subsequent disclosures during a discussion task in a sample of adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and their parents (N = 66 dyads). Generalized linear mixed models were used to test whether increased or decreased levels of parent affect relative to their emotional baseline response to adolescent disclosures predicted the timing of subsequent disclosures. Adolescents took longer to disclose again when parents responded to prior adolescent disclosures with higher levels of anger and of positive affect relative to their baseline levels of these emotions. Findings suggest that parental affective responses to disclosures have implications for adolescent disclosure in the context of chronic illness management. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Xin M, Chan VWY, Kong APS, Lau JTF, Cameron LD, Mak WWS, Mo PKH. Using the common-sense model to explicate the role of illness representation in self-care behaviours and anxiety symptoms among patients with Type 2 diabetes. Patient Educ Couns 2023; 107:107581. [PMID: 36470126 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2022.107581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Based on the common-sense model of self-regulation, this study aimed to explicate the mechanism underlying the effect of illness representations on self-care behaviours and anxiety symptoms among patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS A telephone survey was administered to 473 patients in Hong Kong. Structural equation modelling was used to test if threat and control perceptions regarding diabetes would be associated with self-reported self-care behaviours and anxiety symptoms through adoption of adaptive/maladaptive coping strategies and diabetes-related self-efficacy. RESULTS Control perceptions but not threat perceptions were positively associated with self-care behaviours. Control perceptions had a positive indirect association with self-care behaviours through more problem-focused coping and diabetes-related self-efficacy. Threat perceptions simultaneously had a positive indirect association through more problem-focused coping and a negative indirect association through more avoidant coping and lower diabetes-related self-efficacy. In contrast, threat and control perceptions were positively and negatively, respectively, associated with anxiety symptoms. Problem-focused and avoidant coping consistently mediated the indirect association between threat perceptions and anxiety symptoms. CONCLUSION Threat and control perceptions were associated with diabetes self-care behaviours and anxiety symptoms through different self-regulation pathways. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Our findings inform possible targets for self-management interventions to simultaneously enhance self-care behaviours and alleviate diabetes-associated anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Xin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | | | - Alice P S Kong
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Joseph T F Lau
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Linda D Cameron
- School of Social Science, Humanities, and the Arts, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Winnie W S Mak
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Phoenix K H Mo
- Centre for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Magnan RE, Song AV, Cameron LD. Worry as a mechanism of the relationship between perceived new knowledge and discouragement to smoke elicited from graphic cigarette warnings. J Behav Med 2022; 45:818-824. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00344-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Peters E, Boyd P, Cameron LD, Contractor N, Diefenbach MA, Fleszar-Pavlovic S, Markowitz E, Salas RN, Stephens KK. Evidence-based recommendations for communicating the impacts of climate change on health. Transl Behav Med 2022; 12:543-553. [PMID: 35613000 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change poses a multifaceted, complex, and existential threat to human health and well-being, but efforts to communicate these threats to the public lag behind what we know how to do in communication research. Effective communication about climate change's health risks can improve a wide variety of individual and population health-related outcomes by: (1) helping people better make the connection between climate change and health risks and (2) empowering them to act on that newfound knowledge and understanding. The aim of this manuscript is to highlight communication methods that have received empirical support for improving knowledge uptake and/or driving higher-quality decision making and healthier behaviors and to recommend how to apply them at the intersection of climate change and health. This expert consensus about effective communication methods can be used by healthcare professionals, decision makers, governments, the general public, and other stakeholders including sectors outside of health. In particular, we argue for the use of 11 theory-based, evidence-supported communication strategies and practices. These methods range from leveraging social networks to making careful choices about the use of language, narratives, emotions, visual images, and statistics. Message testing with appropriate groups is also key. When implemented properly, these approaches are likely to improve the outcomes of climate change and health communication efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Peters
- Center for Science Communication Research, School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Patrick Boyd
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Linda D Cameron
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Noshir Contractor
- Departments of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences, Management and Organizations, and Communication Studies, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Michael A Diefenbach
- Institute for Health System Science at the Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Sara Fleszar-Pavlovic
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Ezra Markowitz
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Renee N Salas
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keri K Stephens
- Technology & Information Policy Institute, Communication Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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10
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Cameron LD, Fleszar-Pavlović SE, Yepez M, Manzo RD, Brown PM. Beliefs about marijuana use during pregnancy and breastfeeding held by residents of a Latino-majority, rural region of California. J Behav Med 2022; 45:544-557. [PMID: 35378643 PMCID: PMC9304043 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Marijuana use among pregnant and breastfeeding women is on the rise and carries risks for infant health and well-being. Decisions to use marijuana while pregnant and breastfeeding are motivated by beliefs that use poses minimal risk to infants and offers benefits to maternal users. Misperceptions and usage trend higher among disadvantaged populations. This study surveyed 401 community residents on beliefs about risks and benefits of marijuana use by pregnant and breastfeeding women. The study utilized techniques to enhance recruitment of Latino and disadvantaged residents of rural communities in California, a state where recreational marijuana use is legal. Analyses revealed substantial endorsement of beliefs about benefits and low risks of marijuana use while pregnant and breastfeeding, many of which run counter to current evidence. Misperceptions were particularly prevalent for cannabis users and male respondents. Trends in valid beliefs, while modest, were higher for Latinos and parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda D Cameron
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA.
| | - Sara E Fleszar-Pavlović
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Marisela Yepez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Rosa D Manzo
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Brown
- Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
- Department of Public Health, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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11
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Lipkus IM, Mays D, Sheeran P, Pan W, Cameron LD, De Brigard F. Effects of mental simulation of future waterpipe tobacco smoking on attitudes, perceived harms and intended use among young adults. J Behav Med 2022; 45:76-89. [PMID: 34406549 PMCID: PMC8821143 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00245-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The desire to engage in waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) may occur when smokers and nonsmokers conjure positive mental simulations of WTS. However, effects of these simulations on desire to smoke waterpipe tobacco and potential mediators are unexplored. This research addressed these effects among young adult waterpipe tobacco smokers and nonsmokers. Two online studies were conducted with adults ages 18-30. In Study 1, 200 smokers, 190 susceptible nonsmokers, and 182 nonsusceptible nonsmokers were randomized to mentally simulate or not WTS in the future. In Study 2, 234 smokers and 241 susceptible nonsmokers were randomized to four arms: no simulation or simulations that varied valence of experience (positive, negative or no valence provided). Main outcomes were immediate desire to smoke waterpipe tobacco, cognitive and affective attitudes, and perceived harms. In Study 1, mental simulations increased the desire to smoke waterpipe tobacco among smokers. In Study 2, asking participants to simulate WTS positively or with no valence instruction increased desire to smoke relative to negative valence instruction or no simulation. Negative simulations reduced perceived probability of smoking within a month compared to positive simulations. Effects on desire to engage in WTS were mediated by cognitive and affective attitudes among susceptible nonsmokers and by cognitive attitudes among smokers. These findings suggest that exploring when and how often mental simulations about WTS are evoked and their potency for promoting prevention and cessation of WTS merit further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darren Mays
- Center for Tobacco Research, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA
| | | | - Wei Pan
- Duke University School of Nursing
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Ackermann N, Cameron LD, Maki J, Carter CR, Liu Y, Dart H, Bowen DJ, Colditz GA, Waters EA. Mental imagery-based self-regulation: Effects on physical activity behaviour and its cognitive and affective precursors over time. Br J Health Psychol 2021; 27:484-500. [PMID: 34523193 PMCID: PMC8918432 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) Test whether a mental imagery-based self-regulation intervention increases physical activity behaviour over 90 days; (2) Examine cognitive and affective precursors of change in physical activity behaviour. DESIGN A randomized control trial with participants (N = 500) randomized to one of six intervention conditions in a 3 (risk communication format: bulleted list, table, risk ladder) x 2 (mental imagery behaviour: physical activity, active control [sleep hygiene]) factorial design. METHODS After receiving personalized risk estimates via a website on a smartphone, participants listened to an audiorecording that guided them through a mental imagery activity related to improving physical activity (intervention group) or sleep hygiene behaviour (active control). Participants received text message reminders to complete the imagery for 3 weeks post-intervention, 4 weekly text surveys to assess behaviour and its cognitive and affective precursors, and a mailed survey 90 days post-baseline. RESULTS Physical activity increased over 90 days by 19.5 more minutes per week (95%CI: 2.0, 37.1) in the physical activity than the active control condition. This effect was driven by participants in the risk ladder condition, who exercised 54.8 more minutes (95%CI 15.6, 94.0) in the physical activity condition than participants in the active control sleep hygiene group. Goal planning positively predicted physical activity behaviour (b = 12.2 minutes per week, p = 0.002), but self-efficacy, image clarity, and affective attitudes towards behaviours did not (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Mental imagery-based self-regulation interventions can increase physical activity behaviour, particularly when supported by personalized disease risk information presented in an easy-to-understand format.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia Maki
- Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Ying Liu
- Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Hank Dart
- Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Magnan RE, Hamilton WK, Shorey-Fennell B, Cameron LD. Experimental Test of the Educational Impact of the Newly Proposed FDA Graphic Cigarette Warnings Among U.S. Adults. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:298-307. [PMID: 32914832 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In August 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration proposed a set of 13 new graphic warnings for cigarette packaging and advertisements. PURPOSE We evaluated these warnings relative to text-only equivalents for their ability to educate the public regarding harms of smoking and influence outcomes associated with quitting. METHODS In an experimental within-subjects design, U.S. adult nonsmokers, smokers, and dual smoker/electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users (N = 412) recruited from an online internet platform evaluated the newly proposed graphic warnings and corresponding text-only warnings on understandability, perceived new knowledge, worry elicited about the content of the warning, discouragement from smoking, and encouragement to use e-cigarettes. RESULTS Graphic warnings were generally rated as providing better understanding, more new knowledge, eliciting more worry about harms of smoking, and providing more discouragement from smoking relative to text-only warnings. CONCLUSIONS The newly proposed graphic warnings could influence important responses to warnings associated with motivation to reduce smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E Magnan
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, USA.,Translational Research Consortium, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - W Kyle Hamilton
- Psychological Sciences, School of Social Science, Humanities, and the Arts, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | | | - Linda D Cameron
- Psychological Sciences, School of Social Science, Humanities, and the Arts, University of California, Merced, CA, USA
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Kaufman AR, Twesten JE, Suls J, McCaul KD, Ostroff JS, Ferrer RA, Brewer NT, Cameron LD, Halpern-Felsher B, Hay JL, Park ER, Peters E, Strong DR, Waters EA, Weinstein ND, Windschitl PD, Klein WMP. Measuring Cigarette Smoking Risk Perceptions. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 22:1937-1945. [PMID: 31883013 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Risk perception is an important construct in many health behavior theories. Smoking risk perceptions are thoughts and feelings about the harms associated with cigarette smoking. Wide variation in the terminology, definition, and assessment of this construct makes it difficult to draw conclusions about the associations of risk perceptions with smoking behaviors. To understand optimal methods of assessing adults' cigarette smoking risk perceptions (among both smokers and nonsmokers), we reviewed best practices from the tobacco control literature, and where gaps were identified, we looked more broadly to the research on risk perceptions in other health domains. Based on this review, we suggest assessments of risk perceptions (1) about multiple smoking-related health harms, (2) about harms over a specific timeframe, and (3) for the person affected by the harm. For the measurement of perceived likelihood in particular (ie, the perceived chance of harm from smoking based largely on deliberative thought), we suggest including (4) unconditional and conditional items (stipulating smoking behavior) and (5) absolute and comparative items and including (6) comparisons to specific populations through (7) direct and indirect assessments. We also suggest including (8) experiential (ostensibly automatic, somatic perceptions of vulnerability to a harm) and affective (emotional reactions to a potential harm) risk perception items. We also offer suggestions for (9) response options and (10) the assessment of risk perception at multiple time points. Researchers can use this resource to inform the selection, use, and future development of smoking risk perception measures. IMPLICATIONS Incorporating the measurement suggestions for cigarette smoking risk perceptions that are presented will help researchers select items most appropriate for their research questions and will contribute to greater consistency in the assessment of smoking risk perceptions among adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette R Kaufman
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Jerry Suls
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Kevin D McCaul
- Department of Psychology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - Jamie S Ostroff
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rebecca A Ferrer
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Noel T Brewer
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Linda D Cameron
- School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and the Arts, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA
| | - Bonnie Halpern-Felsher
- Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Jennifer L Hay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Elyse R Park
- Department of Psychiatry and Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ellen Peters
- School of Journalism and Communication, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR
| | - David R Strong
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA.,Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Erika A Waters
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Neil D Weinstein
- Department of Human Ecology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Paul D Windschitl
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - William M P Klein
- Behavioral Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
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Chan VWY, Kong APS, Lau JTF, Mak WWS, Cameron LD, Mo PKH. An Intervention to Change Illness Representations and Self-Care of Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:71-84. [PMID: 33141790 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suboptimal self-care by individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant public health concern. The common-sense model (CSM) proposes that illness representations are associated with coping and health outcomes across various conditions. The present study examined the efficacy of a CSM-based intervention in improving illness representations, self-care, self-care self-efficacy, use of adaptive coping strategies, and glycated hemoglobin among individuals with type 2 DM (T2DM). METHODS A two-arm randomized controlled trial was used. A total of 455 T2DM patients were recruited from an outpatient DM clinic and randomized to an intervention group that consisted of five weekly group-based education sessions or a control group that received five weekly educational booklets. Evaluation was conducted at baseline and at 1- and 6-month follow-up. RESULTS The 2 × 3 linear mixed-model analysis using a modified intention to treat revealed a significant time by condition interaction effect on level of self-care (F(2,840) = 7.78, p < .001), self-care self-efficacy (F(1.89,794.57) = 14.40, p < .001), and use of adaptive coping strategies (F(1.94,812.93) = 4.75, p = .010) in which participants in the intervention group reported greater improvement in such aspects compared with those in the control group. A significant time effect was observed in some dimensions of illness representations. No significant effect was found in glycated hemoglobin. Participants reported positive feedback to the intervention and perceived improvement in various domains. CONCLUSIONS The CSM-based intervention was effective in improving self-care and coping among DM patients. The intervention also demonstrated high feasibility and acceptability. Findings provided important insights in improving health-related outcomes for patients with T2DM using the CSM framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia W Y Chan
- From the Centre for Health Behaviours Research, School of Public Health and Primary Care (Chan, Lau, Mo), and Departments of Medicine and Therapeutics (Kong) and Psychology (Mak), the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; and Department of Psychological Sciences (Cameron), University of California Merced, Merced, California
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16
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Ferrer RA, Taber JM, Sheeran P, Bryan AD, Cameron LD, Peters E, Lerner JS, Grenen E, Klein WMP. The role of incidental affective states in appetitive risk behavior: A meta-analysis. Health Psychol 2020; 39:1109-1124. [PMID: 32940529 PMCID: PMC8406737 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Appetitive risk behaviors (ARB), including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, consumption of calorie dense/nutrient-poor foods, and sexual risk behavior contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality. Affective states that arise from a wide array of unrelated circumstances (i.e., incidental affect) may carry over to influence ARB. A meta-analysis is needed to systematically examine causal evidence for the role of incidental affect (including specific emotions) in influencing ARB. Method: Integrating effect sizes from 91 published and unpublished experimental studies that include both an incidental-affect induction and neutral-control condition (k = 271 effect sizes: k = 183 negative affect, k = 78 positive affect), this meta-analysis examines how negative and positive affective states influenced ARB and related health cognitions (e.g., intentions, evaluations, craving, perceived control). Results: Negative affective states reliably increased ARB, in analyses where all negative affective states were analyzed (d = .29) and in stratified analyses of just negative mood (d = .30) and stress (d = .48). These effects were stronger among study populations coded as clinically at risk. Positive affective states generally did not influence ARB or related health cognitions, except in the presence of a craving cue. Design issues of extant literature largely precluded conclusions about the effects of specific positive and negative affective states. Conclusion: Taken together, findings suggest the importance of strategies to attenuate negative affect incidental to ARB to facilitate healthier behavioral patterns, especially among clinically at-risk individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Ferrer
- Basic Biobehavioral and Psychological Sciences Branch, National Cancer Institute
| | | | - Paschal Sheeran
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | | | | | - Ellen Peters
- Center for Science Communication Research, University of Oregon
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17
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Waters EA, Maki J, Liu Y, Ackermann N, Carter CR, Dart H, Bowen DJ, Cameron LD, Colditz GA. Risk Ladder, Table, or Bulleted List? Identifying Formats That Effectively Communicate Personalized Risk and Risk Reduction Information for Multiple Diseases. Med Decis Making 2020; 41:74-88. [PMID: 33106087 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x20968070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Personalized medicine may increase the amount of probabilistic information patients encounter. Little guidance exists about communicating risk for multiple diseases simultaneously or about communicating how changes in risk factors affect risk (hereafter "risk reduction"). PURPOSE To determine how to communicate personalized risk and risk reduction information for up to 5 diseases associated with insufficient physical activity in a way laypeople can understand and that increases intentions. METHODS We recruited 500 participants with <150 min weekly of physical activity from community settings. Participants completed risk assessments for diabetes, heart disease, stroke, colon cancer, and breast cancer (women only) on a smartphone. Then, they were randomly assigned to view personalized risk and risk reduction information organized as a bulleted list, a simplified table, or a specialized vertical bar graph ("risk ladder"). Last, they completed a questionnaire assessing outcomes. Personalized risk and risk reduction information was presented as categories (e.g., "very low"). Our analytic sample (N = 372) included 41.3% individuals from underrepresented racial/ethnic backgrounds, 15.9% with vocational-technical training or less, 84.7% women, 43.8% aged 50 to 64 y, and 71.8% who were overweight/obese. RESULTS Analyses of covariance with post hoc comparisons showed that the risk ladder elicited higher gist comprehension than the bulleted list (P = 0.01). There were no significant main effects on verbatim comprehension or physical activity intentions and no moderation by sex, race/ethnicity, education, numeracy, or graph literacy (P > 0.05). Sequential mediation analyses revealed a small beneficial indirect effect of risk ladder versus list on intentions through gist comprehension and then through perceived risk (bIndirectEffect = 0.02, 95% confidence interval: 0.00, 0.04). CONCLUSION Risk ladders can communicate the gist meaning of multiple pieces of risk information to individuals from many sociodemographic backgrounds and with varying levels of facility with numbers and graphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika A Waters
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Julia Maki
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nicole Ackermann
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chelsey R Carter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hank Dart
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | - Graham A Colditz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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18
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Peters BJ, Overall NC, Cameron LD, Hammond MD, Low RST, Girme YU. Do habitual emotional suppression measures predict response-focused situational suppression during social interactions? Emotion 2020; 20:1005-1019. [DOI: 10.1037/emo0000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Hollands GJ, Cameron LD, Crockett RA, Marteau TM. Presentation of aversive visual images in health communication for changing health behaviour. Hippokratia 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009086.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth J Hollands
- University of Cambridge; Behaviour and Health Research Unit; Forvie Site Robinson Way Cambridge UK CB2 0SR
| | - Linda D Cameron
- University of California, Merced; School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts; 5200 North Lake Road Merced CA USA 95343
| | | | - Theresa M Marteau
- University of Cambridge; Behaviour and Health Research Unit; Forvie Site Robinson Way Cambridge UK CB2 0SR
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20
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Horowitz CR, Orlando LA, Slavotinek AM, Peterson J, Angelo F, Biesecker B, Bonham VL, Cameron LD, Fullerton SM, Gelb BD, Goddard KAB, Hailu B, Hart R, Hindorff LA, Jarvik GP, Kaufman D, Kenny EE, Knight SJ, Koenig BA, Korf BR, Madden E, McGuire AL, Ou J, Wasserstein MP, Robinson M, Leventhal H, Sanderson SC. The Genomic Medicine Integrative Research Framework: A Conceptual Framework for Conducting Genomic Medicine Research. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:1088-1096. [PMID: 31104772 PMCID: PMC6556906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Conceptual frameworks are useful in research because they can highlight priority research domains, inform decisions about interventions, identify outcomes and factors to measure, and display how factors might relate to each other to generate and test hypotheses. Discovery, translational, and implementation research are all critical to the overall mission of genomic medicine and prevention, but they have yet to be organized into a unified conceptual framework. To fill this gap, our diverse team collaborated to develop the Genomic Medicine Integrative Research (GMIR) Framework, a simple but comprehensive tool to aid the genomics community in developing research questions, strategies, and measures and in integrating genomic medicine and prevention into clinical practice. Here we present the GMIR Framework and its development, along with examples of its use for research development, demonstrating how we applied it to select and harmonize measures for use across diverse genomic medicine implementation projects. Researchers can utilize the GMIR Framework for their own research, collaborative investigations, and clinical implementation efforts; clinicians can use it to establish and evaluate programs; and all stakeholders can use it to help allocate resources and make sure that the full complexity of etiology is included in research and program design, development, and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol R Horowitz
- Center for Health Equity and Community Engaged Research, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
| | - Lori A Orlando
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Anne M Slavotinek
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Josh Peterson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Frank Angelo
- Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Vence L Bonham
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Stephanie M Fullerton
- Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Bioethics and Humanities, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - Benyam Hailu
- Division of Scientific Programs, National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ragan Hart
- Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lucia A Hindorff
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dave Kaufman
- Division of Genomics and Society, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eimear E Kenny
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; The Center for Population Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sara J Knight
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Barbara A Koenig
- Program in Bioethics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Bruce R Korf
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Ebony Madden
- Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Amy L McGuire
- Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ou
- Clinical Sequencing Evidence-Generating Research Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Melissa P Wasserstein
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - Howard Leventhal
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Saskia C Sanderson
- Behavioural Science and Health Department, University College London, London, UK
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Abstract
An expanded Common-Sense Model (CSM) contextualised to the self-regulation of cancer recurrence risk identifies risk representational attributes and recurrence worry as primary processes motivating protective behaviours in cancer survivors. A systematic review examined evidence for CSM hypotheses regarding how these processes influence diet and physical activity (PA) among survivors. A research agenda is outlined and used to evaluate the evidence base. Common databases were searched for eligible, peer-reviewed, English language reports, yielding 18 studies quantitatively testing hypothesised relationships among representations of prior cancer, recurrence risk representations, recurrence worry, and diet and PA. The findings provide promising, but mixed and limited evidence for some of the hypothesised associations of specific risk recurrence attributes with recurrence worry, and risk recurrence attributes and recurrence worry with diet and PA. Findings support the distinction of recurrence risk representations and illness representations of the prior cancer, with each showing different relationships with recurrence worry and behaviours. We discuss the status of the evidence base in relation to assessment, design, and analysis priorities and propose strategies that can yield more sensitive, rigorous tests of the CSM for cancer recurrence risk as applied to diet and PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Durazo
- Psychological Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts (SSHA), University of California, Merced, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Linda D Cameron
- Psychological Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts (SSHA), University of California, Merced, San Francisco, CA, USA
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22
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Landau MJ, Cameron LD, Arndt J, Hamilton WK, Swanson TJ, Bultmann M. Beneath the surface: Abstract construal mindset increases receptivity to metaphors in health communications. Soc Cogn 2019; 37:314-340. [PMID: 33828353 PMCID: PMC8023340 DOI: 10.1521/soco.2019.37.3.314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread messages use metaphoric language and imagery to prompt recipients to interpret health-related concepts in terms of dissimilar, familiar concepts (e.g., "fight the war on cancer"). When do these messages work? According to Conceptual Metaphor Theory, thinking metaphorically involves looking past concepts' superficial differences to identify their similarities at a structural level. Thus, we hypothesized that when people's general construal mindset is oriented to focus on information's abstract meaning, not its concrete details, they would process a metaphor's target health concept in ways that correspond to the dissimilar concept. Accordingly, after priming an abstract, but not concrete, construal mindset: framing sun exposure as enemy confrontation (vs. literally) increased cancer risk perceptions and sun-safe intentions (Study 1; N=186); and framing smoking cessation as an arduous journey (vs. literally) increased appreciation of quitting difficulties and interest in cessation tools (Study 2; N=244). We discuss practical and theoretical implications for improving health communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda D Cameron
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California-Merced
| | - Jamie Arndt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia
| | - W Kyle Hamilton
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California-Merced
| | | | - Michael Bultmann
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia
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23
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Khachikian T, Cameron LD. Perceptions and Beliefs Motivating Parental Discussions of Marijuana Use With Children. Ann Behav Med 2019; 53:169-179. [PMID: 29750410 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kay027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parents can influence their children's use of marijuana and other substances through targeted parent-child discussions. Little is known about what factors motivate parents' decisions to discuss marijuana use with their children. Purpose Guided by an elaborated prototype-willingness model, we tested hypotheses that: (a) parental perceived risk of harms and negative prototypes of youth who use marijuana positively predict worry about their child using marijuana; (b) higher perceived risk and worry predict higher intentions to discuss marijuana use with one's child; (c) negative prototypes and worry positively predict willingness to have discussions; and (d) higher intentions and willingness predicts having discussions. Method We administered a longitudinal survey to 499 American parents of youth ages 10 to 17 assessing risk perceptions, prototypes, worry, discussion intentions, and willingness. One month later, 409 participants completed another survey assessing whether they had discussed marijuana use with their child. Results At follow-up, 40% of participants reported having marijuana use discussions in the previous month. Structural-equation modeling revealed that perceived risks and negative prototypes positively predicted worry about their child using marijuana. Worry positively predicted intentions and willingness to discuss marijuana use with children. Worry mediated the relationship between perceived risks and intentions, but not the relationship between prototypes and willingness. Intentions positively predicted likelihood of marijuana use discussions, whereas willingness did not. Conclusions These findings support most predictions of the adapted model and identify cognitive and affective factors that could be targeted in health communications promoting parental discussions of marijuana use with children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenie Khachikian
- Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Linda D Cameron
- Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
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Thomson RA, Overall NC, Cameron LD, Low RST. Perceived regard, expressive suppression during conflict, and conflict resolution. J Fam Psychol 2018; 32:722-732. [PMID: 29927283 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The way emotions are expressed during relationship conflict should play an important role in facilitating conflict resolution, but the risk of rejection that conflict poses may promote expressive suppression, which could impede conflict resolution. In the current research, the authors applied a risk regulation perspective to understand when expressive suppression will occur during conflict. They predicted that (a) perceiving lower regard from the partner during conflict would predict greater expressive suppression, and (b) greater expressive suppression would undermine conflict resolution. In Study 1, individuals engaged in a conflict discussion with their romantic partner (N = 180 couples) and then reported the degree to which they felt regarded by their partner and generated a solution to the conflict during the discussion. Independent coders rated how much individuals attempted to suppress their emotional expressions during the conflict. In Study 2, individuals reported on their relationship conflict, perceived regard, expressive suppression, and conflict resolution every day across a 3-week period (N = 73 couples). In both studies, perceiving lower positive regard during conflict was associated with greater expressive suppression. Greater expressive suppression was, in turn, associated with lower conflict resolution. These associations were not due to greater stress/upset or negative emotions, greater withdrawal, greater attachment insecurity, or lower positive regard for the partner. These within-situation associations suggest that expressive suppression may often arise to bypass the risk of rejection that occurs when people feel less positively regarded by their partner, but expressive suppression may also put relationships at further risk by undermining conflict resolution. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Cameron LD, Carroll P, Hamilton WK. Evaluation of an intervention promoting emotion regulation skills for adults with persisting distress due to adverse childhood experiences. Child Abuse Negl 2018; 79:423-433. [PMID: 29544158 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This phase II trial evaluated psychosocial and health outcomes of an intervention designed to improve emotion regulation skills in adults suffering from Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs). The study utilized a pretest-posttest design in which 92 adults enrolled in the community-based program completed pretest measures, attended either a faith-based or secular version of the 12-week ACE Overcomers program, and then completed posttest measures. The theory-guided program involved group sessions providing education and skills training to improve emotion regulation, self-awareness, resilience, and social functioning. Pretest and posttest surveys included measures of emotional regulation (suppression, rumination, cognitive reappraisal, and mindfulness), resilience (ego resilience and general self-efficacy), emotional experiences (perceived stress, moods, and depressive symptoms), quality of life (the SF-36 domains), and physical symptoms and illness (symptom load and sick days). Analyses revealed significant improvements from pretest to posttest in all facets of emotion regulation (p < .01), psychological resilience (p < .001), mental well-being (p < .001) and physical symptoms and illness (p < .001), and in specific facets of quality of life (p < .001). The faith-based and secular versions of the program yielded comparable improvements in well-being. Improvements were comparable for older versus younger participants, except that younger participants reported greater improvements in perceived stress (p < .05). These preliminary findings support the application of an emotion regulation perspective to interventions for adults with high ACEs. The study, with its single-group design, represents a promising step in the translational research pathway and provides support for further studies utilizing comparison groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda D Cameron
- Psychological Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, University of California, Merced, North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, California, USA.
| | - Paul Carroll
- Psychological Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, University of California, Merced, North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, California, USA.
| | - W Kyle Hamilton
- Psychological Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, University of California, Merced, North Lake Road, Merced, CA 95343, California, USA.
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Parkinson B, Sherman KA, Brown P, Shaw LKE, Boyages J, Cameron LD, Elder E, Lam T. Cost-effectiveness of the BRECONDA decision aid for women with breast cancer: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Psychooncology 2018; 27:1589-1596. [PMID: 29623676 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report on the cost-effectiveness of BRECONDA (Breast RECONstruction Decision Aid), a web-based decision aid to facilitate decisions regarding breast reconstruction surgery, with usual care for women with breast cancer. METHODS The economic evaluation was conducted alongside a randomized controlled trial. Women diagnosed with breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ and eligible for breast reconstruction following mastectomy were randomized to access BRECONDA for 6 months + usual care (n = 106) or usual care (n = 116) and were assessed at baseline preintervention, and then 1-month and 6-months post-randomization. Decisional conflict, satisfaction with information, decisional regret, and utilities were assessed by using maximum-likelihood linear mixed effects models. Costs included the fixed costs of BRECONDA, health care provider time, and health care resource use. Nonparametric bootstrapping was used to estimate incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. RESULTS BRECONDA resulted in significantly less decisional conflict and greater satisfaction with information over time. Quality-adjusted life years did not differ between participants who received the decision aid compared with usual care. The cost of BRECONDA was estimated to be small (AUD$10) relative to other health care interventions and resulted in decreased health care costs overall (AUD$764). Based on the point estimates, the decision aid was more effective and less costly (dominant) for all measures of effectiveness. It was estimated that the decision aid has an 87% probability of being cost-effective at $60 000 per quality-adjusted life year gained. CONCLUSIONS The BRECONDA web-based intervention designed to facilitate decisions regarding breast reconstruction surgery is likely to be cost-effective compared with usual care for women with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonny Parkinson
- Centre for the Health Economy, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kerry A Sherman
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Paul Brown
- University of California, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Laura-Kate E Shaw
- Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - John Boyages
- Macquarie University Cancer Institute, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Elisabeth Elder
- Westmead Breast Cancer Institute, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Thomas Lam
- Macquarie University Cancer Institute, Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity confers numerous health benefits, yet few adults meet recommended physical activity guidelines. PURPOSE The impact of brief messages providing descriptive and injunctive social norm feedback on physical activity was tested in this conceptual pilot study. METHODS Young adults (N = 111) were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: descriptive norm feedback, descriptive-plus-injunctive norm feedback, or no social feedback (control condition). Participants used pedometers for eight weekdays and recorded their step counts each evening. The descriptive norm group received feedback about the average number of steps taken by group members the previous day. The descriptive-plus-injunctive norm group received feedback about the group average, as well as a sad face if the participant was below the average or a happy face if the participant was above the average. The control group received no feedback throughout the study. RESULTS By days 7 and 8, the descriptive-plus-injunctive norm group reported significantly more steps relative to the control group, whereas the descriptive norm group showed a trend toward higher step counts relative to the control group. These effects did not differ for participants above versus below the group average at baseline. CONCLUSION The combined use of descriptive and injunctive social norms increased physical activity over a short period. This simple feedback strategy has potential for achieving wide reach and dissemination on its own or combined with more comprehensive interventions. This initial evidence can guide larger trials of longer duration. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The trial was registered with the ClinicalTrials.gov database (NCT02710201).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Wally
- Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
| | - Linda D Cameron
- Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
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Spina M, Arndt J, Landau MJ, Cameron LD. Enhancing Health Message Framing With Metaphor and Cultural Values: Impact on Latinas' Cervical Cancer Screening. Ann Behav Med 2018; 52:106-115. [PMID: 29538628 PMCID: PMC6361230 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An integration of message framing and sociocultural literature suggests that ethnic health disparities may be reduced by incorporating minority groups' cultural values into persuasive health messages. Framing messages with metaphors represents one promising strategy for harnessing cultural values to change health outcomes. Still, the effectiveness of metaphoric health messages in minority populations has received virtually no empirical attention. Purpose To fill this gap, the present study tested whether a health message using a cancer-screening metaphor targeting collectivism and familism values would engage individual differences in these values to predict Papanicolaou (Pap) smear intentions among Latinas. Methods Latina women (N = 168) completed an online survey including measures of collectivism and familism. They were randomized to read a message about Pap smears featuring the metaphor the body is a family or no metaphor before reporting their Pap smear intentions. Results Regression analyses revealed a pattern of interactions suggesting metaphoric messages engage targeted cultural values: For Latinas reading the family metaphor message, collectivism and familism positively predicted Pap smear intentions, whereas for Latinas reading the no-metaphor message, these values did not predict intentions. Conclusions This study offers a foundation for further examination of the potential for metaphoric health messages that connect to cultural values to reduce ethnic health disparities. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Spina
- Department of Counseling, San Francisco State University, CA, USA
| | - Jamie Arndt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, MO, USA
| | - Mark J Landau
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, KS, USA
| | - Linda D Cameron
- Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, CA, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media provides unprecedented opportunities for enhancing health communication and health care, including self-management of chronic conditions such as diabetes. Creating messages that engage users is critical for enhancing message impact and dissemination. PURPOSE This study analyzed health communications within ten diabetes-related Facebook pages to identify message features predictive of user engagement. METHOD The Common-Sense Model of Illness Self-Regulation and established health communication techniques guided content analyses of 500 Facebook posts. Each post was coded for message features predicted to engage users and numbers of likes, shares, and comments during the week following posting. RESULTS Multi-level, negative binomial regressions revealed that specific features predicted different forms of engagement. Imagery emerged as a strong predictor; messages with images had higher rates of liking and sharing relative to messages without images. Diabetes consequence information and positive identity predicted higher sharing while negative affect, social support, and crowdsourcing predicted higher commenting. Negative affect, crowdsourcing, and use of external links predicted lower sharing while positive identity predicted lower commenting. The presence of imagery weakened or reversed the positive relationships of several message features with engagement. Diabetes control information and negative affect predicted more likes in text-only messages, but fewer likes when these messages included illustrative imagery. Similar patterns of imagery's attenuating effects emerged for the positive relationships of consequence information, control information, and positive identity with shares and for positive relationships of negative affect and social support with comments. CONCLUSIONS These findings hold promise for guiding communication design in health-related social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Rus
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
| | - Linda D Cameron
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California, Merced, 5200 N. Lake Road, Merced, CA, 95343, USA
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Abstract
Health communicators publicize messages that use metaphors to compare abstract health-related concepts to concrete concepts in other domains. Such messages aim to change health attitudes and behavior, but do they work? According to Conceptual Metaphor Theory, metaphors can shape thought by transferring personalized knowledge of a concrete concept to understand and relate to an abstraction, despite their superficial differences. The authors extend this claim to specify emotional and cognitive factors potentially moderating the productivity (and counter-productivity) of metaphoric health messages. A source resonance hypothesis predicts that when a message frames a health risk metaphorically in terms of a concrete hazard (versus literally), individual differences in fear surrounding that particular hazard will differentially predict risk-related worry and thus prevention intentions. A metaphoric fit hypothesis predicts that a risk metaphor will be more persuasive when the recommended prevention response is itself framed metaphorically as addressing the concrete hazard (versus literally). These hypotheses were supported in three experiments conducted with online, undergraduate, and community samples (N = 539). With skin cancer as a case study, the studies tested the impact of messages framing sun exposure and sun-safe practices with or without metaphors of enemy combat. Findings illuminate how, when, and for whom metaphoric messages are persuasive, with theoretical and practical implications for health communication and metaphoric construal.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie Arndt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia
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Cameron LD, Overall NC. Suppression and expression as distinct emotion-regulation processes in daily interactions: Longitudinal and meta-analyses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 18:465-480. [PMID: 28569538 DOI: 10.1037/emo0000334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emotional suppression and expression both occur frequently in daily social interactions, yet research examining these emotion regulation processes simultaneously in naturalistic contexts remains limited. Although theory and research tend to reflect an implicit assumption that suppression and expression represent opposite sides of the same construct, they are likely to occur independently and exert different influences on intrapersonal and interpersonal experiences. In 4 experience-sampling and longitudinal studies, we assessed the personal and interpersonal consequences of daily emotional suppression and expression within romantic and close relationships. Mixed-model analyses revealed that suppression and expression consistently predicted independent and distinct outcomes across the studies. When individuals suppressed their emotions, they experienced more intrapersonal costs such as greater depressed mood, greater fatigue, lower self-esteem, and lower life satisfaction. Interpersonally, they also felt less acceptance from others, more distancing by others, and less relationship satisfaction. Greater suppression in daily life also predicted increases in depressive symptoms and reductions in relationship satisfaction 3 months later. In contrast, when individuals were more emotionally expressive during daily interactions, they experienced interpersonal benefits such as greater acceptance from others, greater relatedness and relationship satisfaction, and less distancing by others. Greater emotional expression in daily life also predicted increases in self-esteem and relationship satisfaction across time. Meta-analyses of the 4 studies confirmed the reliability and significance of these relationships; |r's| = .12-.33. These studies demonstrate that suppression and expression are distinct processes used to manage emotions within social relationships and operate differently in shaping personal well-being and relationship functioning. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda D Cameron
- Psychological Sciences, School of Humanities, Social Sciences, and the Arts, University of California
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Cameron LD, Biesecker BB, Peters E, Taber JM, Klein WMP. Self-Regulation Principles Underlying Risk Perception and Decision Making within the Context of Genomic Testing. Soc Personal Psychol Compass 2017; 11. [PMID: 29225669 DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in theory and research on self-regulation and decision-making processes have yielded important insights into how cognitive, emotional, and social processes shape risk perceptions and risk-related decisions. We examine how self-regulation theory can be applied to inform our understanding of decision-making processes within the context of genomic testing, a clinical arena in which individuals face complex risk information and potentially life-altering decisions. After presenting key principles of self-regulation, we present a genomic testing case example to illustrate how principles related to risk representations, approach and avoidance motivations, emotion regulation, defensive responses, temporal construals, and capacities such as numeric abilities can shape decisions and psychological responses during the genomic testing process. We conclude with implications for using self-regulation theory to advance science within genomic testing and opportunities for how this research can inform further developments in self-regulation theory.
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Magnan RE, Cameron LD. A cross-sectional investigation of positive and negative smoker stereotypes and evaluations of cigarette warnings. Health Psychol 2017; 36:486-492. [DOI: 10.1037/hea0000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cameron LD, Durazo A, Ramírez AS, Corona R, Ultreras M, Piva S. Cultural and Linguistic Adaptation of a Healthy Diet Text Message Intervention for Hispanic Adults Living in the United States. J Health Commun 2017; 22:262-273. [PMID: 28248628 PMCID: PMC5555404 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2016.1276985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Hispanics represent a critical target for culturally adapted diet interventions. In this formative research, we translated HealthyYouTXT, an mHealth program developed by the U.S. National Cancer Institute, into HealthyYouTXT en Español, a linguistically and culturally appropriate version for Spanish speakers in the United States. We report a three-stage, mixed-methods process through which we culturally adapted the text messages, evaluated their acceptability, and revised the program based on the findings. In Stage 1, we conducted initial translations and adaptations of the text libraries using an iterative, principle-guided process. In Stage 2, we used mixed methods including focus groups and surveys with 109 Hispanic adults to evaluate the acceptability and cultural appropriateness of the program. We used survey data to evaluate whether self-determination theory (SDT) factors (used to develop HealthyYouTXT) of autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, and amotivation and Hispanic cultural beliefs about familism, fatalism, and destiny predict program interest and its perceived efficacy. Mixed-methods analyses revealed substantial interest in HealthyYouTXT, with most participants desiring to use it and viewing it as highly efficacious. Both cultural beliefs (i.e., beliefs in destiny and, for men, high familism) and SDT motivations (i.e., autonomy) predicted HealthyYouTXT evaluations, suggesting utility in emphasizing them in messages. Higher destiny beliefs predicted lower interest, suggesting that they could impede program use. In Stage 3, we implemented the mixed-methods findings to finalize HealthyYouTXT en Español. The emergent linguistic principles and multistage, multimethods process can be applied in health communication adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda D Cameron
- a School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and the Arts , University of California, Merced , Merced , California , USA
- b Psychological Sciences , University of California, Merced , Merced , California , USA
- c Health Sciences Research Institute , University of California, Merced , Merced , California , USA
| | - Arturo Durazo
- a School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and the Arts , University of California, Merced , Merced , California , USA
- b Psychological Sciences , University of California, Merced , Merced , California , USA
| | - A Susana Ramírez
- a School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and the Arts , University of California, Merced , Merced , California , USA
| | - Roberto Corona
- a School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and the Arts , University of California, Merced , Merced , California , USA
- b Psychological Sciences , University of California, Merced , Merced , California , USA
| | - Mayra Ultreras
- a School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and the Arts , University of California, Merced , Merced , California , USA
- b Psychological Sciences , University of California, Merced , Merced , California , USA
| | - Sonia Piva
- a School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and the Arts , University of California, Merced , Merced , California , USA
- b Psychological Sciences , University of California, Merced , Merced , California , USA
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Hesse BW, Beckjord E, Rutten LJF, Fagerlin A, Cameron LD. Cancer communication and informatics research across the cancer continuum. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 70:198-210. [PMID: 25730725 DOI: 10.1037/a0036852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, dramatic changes brought about by a rapid diffusion of Internet technologies, cellular telephones, mobile devices, personal digital assistants, electronic health records, and data visualization have helped to create a revolution in health communication. To understand the implications of this communication revolution for cancer care, the National Cancer Institute launched an ambitious set of research priorities under its "extraordinary opportunities" program. We present an overview of some of the relevant behavioral research being conducted within the perspective of this extraordinary opportunity in cancer communication research. We begin by tracing the implications of this research for behavioral scientists across the continuum of cancer care from primary prevention (e.g., tobacco control, diet, exercise, sun protection, and immunization against human papilloma virus), to secondary prevention (e.g., screening for polyps, lesions, and early stage neoplasms), to diagnosis and treatment, posttreatment survivorship, and end of life. Along each point of the continuum, we describe a natural evolution of knowledge from studies on the traditional role of media to research on the changing role of new media and informatics, and we carefully highlight the role that psychological research has played in improving communication- and health-related outcomes along the way. We conclude with an appeal to psychologists of many different backgrounds to join with biomedical researchers, engineers, clinical practitioners, and others to accelerate progress against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford W Hesse
- Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute
| | - Ellen Beckjord
- Biobehavioral Medicine in Oncology Program, University of Pittsburgh
| | - Lila J Finney Rutten
- Population Health Science Program, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic
| | - Angela Fagerlin
- Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan
| | - Linda D Cameron
- Health Communications and Interventions Lab and Department of Psychology, University of California, Merced
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Schultz PW, Gouveia VV, Cameron LD, Tankha G, Schmuck P, Franěk M. Values and their Relationship to Environmental Concern and Conservation Behavior. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0022022105275962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 566] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has examined the relationship between values and attitudes about environmental issues. Findings from these studies have found values of self-transcendence (positively) and self-enhancement (negatively) to predict general concern for environmental problems. Other recent findings have differentiated between environmental attitudes based on concern for self (egoistic), concern for other people (social-altruistic), and concern for plants and animals (biospheric).This article reports the results from a study of the relationship between values and environmental attitudes in six countries: Brazil, Czech Republic, Germany, India, New Zealand, and Russia. Results show strong support for the cross-cultural generalizability of the relationship between values and attitudes and on the structure of environmental concern. In addition, analyses of the relationship between values and environmental behavior show evidence for norm activation only for self-transcendence; results for self-enhancement show a consistently negative relationship.
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Ramondt S, Tiemensma J, Cameron LD, Broadbent E, Kaptein AA. Drawings of Blood Cells Reveal People's Perception of Their Blood Disorder: A Pilot Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154348. [PMID: 27123580 PMCID: PMC4849734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia are rare but chronic blood disorders. Recent literature showed impaired quality of life (QOL) in people with these blood disorders. Assessing one of the determinants of QOL (i.e. illness perceptions) therefore, is an important next research area. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore illness perceptions of people with a blood disorder with drawings in addition to the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief IPQ). Drawings are a novel method to assess illness perceptions and the free-range answers drawings offer can add additional insight into how people perceive their illness. METHOD We conducted a cross-sectional study including 17 participants with a blood disorder. Participants' illness perceptions were assessed by the Brief IPQ and drawings. Brief IPQ scores were compared with reference groups from the literature (i.e. people with asthma or lupus erythematosus). RESULTS Participants with SCD or thalassemia perceived their blood disorder as being more chronic and reported more severe symptoms than people with either asthma or lupus erythematosus. In the drawings of these participants with a blood disorder, a greater number of blood cells drawn was negatively correlated with perceived personal control (P<0.05), indicating that a greater quantity in the drawing is associated with more negative or distressing beliefs. CONCLUSION Participants with a blood disorder perceive their disease as fairly threatening compared with people with other chronic illnesses. Drawings can add additional insight into how people perceive their illness by offering free-range answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ramondt
- Department of Medical Psychology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Psychological Science, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Jitske Tiemensma
- Psychological Science, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Linda D Cameron
- Psychological Science, University of California Merced, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Broadbent
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adrian A Kaptein
- Department of Medical Psychology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The technologies currently available to detect the presence of foetal genetic abnormalities are complex, and undergoing prenatal diagnostic testing can have wide-ranging repercussions. Before individuals can decide with certainty whether or not to take these tests, they first need to grasp the many psychosocial and clinical dimensions of prenatal genetic testing. OBJECTIVE To test a model integrating key psychosocial and clinical factors as predictors of decisional conflict in decisions about whether or not to undergo prenatal genetic testing. METHOD Adults (n = 457) read one of four hypothetical scenarios asking them to imagine expecting a child and considering the option of a prenatal test able to detect a genetic condition; age of condition onset (birth vs. adulthood) and its curability (no cure vs. curable) were manipulated. Participants completed measures of decisional conflict, perceived benefits from normal results, test response efficacy, condition coherence, child-related worry, perceived disagreement with the other parent's preference, motivation to comply with doctors' perceived preferences, and parity. RESULTS Prenatal testing decisional conflict was positively predicted by perceiving normal results as beneficial, doubting the test's reliability, lacking understanding of the genetic condition, worrying about the health of the foetus, perceiving differences of opinion from partner/spouse, wanting to follow doctors' preferences, and being childless. DISCUSSION These results, of growing relevance given the increasing availability of new technologies in pregnancy care, can inform communication strategies that facilitate couples' decision making. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into factors that might complicate prenatal testing decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Muller
- Public Health Genetics, Genetic DisordersMurdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVic.Australia
| | - Linda D. Cameron
- Psychological SciencesSchool of Social Science, Humanities, and the ArtsUniversity of CaliforniaMercedCAUSA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioral researchers need to ensure that successful interventions are sustained after the efficacy and effectiveness research concludes. PURPOSE This article provides an overview of economic analyses that can be incorporated into behavioral medicine interventions to promote sustainability and recommendations regarding their use. We suggest that researchers interested in ensuring that their interventions are sustained include a budget impact analysis and identify the return on investment to the organizations or groups who must adopt and maintain the interventions at the conclusion of the study. RECOMMENDATIONS We advocate the use of a thorough budget impact analysis that includes assessments of the change in costs and revenues for each organization over the short run and the monetary value of the intervention to the participants. CONCLUSIONS By anticipating the types of economic information that will best promote sustainability, behavioral medicine researchers can better ensure the successful dissemination and translation of their interventions into sustained practice.
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Magnan RE, Cameron LD. Do Young Adults Perceive That Cigarette Graphic Warnings Provide New Knowledge About the Harms of Smoking? Ann Behav Med 2015; 49:594-604. [DOI: 10.1007/s12160-015-9691-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Oldenburg B, Taylor CB, O'Neil A, Cocker F, Cameron LD. Using new technologies to improve the prevention and management of chronic conditions in populations. Annu Rev Public Health 2015; 36:483-505. [PMID: 25581147 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lifestyle factors are important in the development of chronic diseases, such as heart disease, respiratory disease, and diabetes, and chronic disease risk can be reduced by changes in lifestyle behaviors linked to these conditions. The use of mass media and community-wide strategies targeting these behaviors has been extensively evaluated since the 1970s. This review summarizes some examples of interventions and their use of media conducted within the old communications landscape of the 1970s and 1980s and the key lessons learned from their design, implementation, and evaluation. We then consider the potential and evidence base for using contemporary technology applications and platforms-within the new communications landscape-to improve the prevention and management of lifestyle-related chronic diseases in the future. We discuss the implications and adaptation of lessons derived from the ways in which new technologies are being used in commercial and political contexts and their relevance for public health. Finally, we consider some recent examples of applying new technologies to public health issues and consider some of the challenges in this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Oldenburg
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia;
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sleep habits and insufficient sleep represent significant workplace health issues. PURPOSE Applying self-regulation theory, we conducted a randomized, controlled trial testing the efficacy of mental imagery techniques promoting arousal reduction and implementation intentions to improve sleep behavior. METHOD We randomly assigned 104 business employees to four imagery-based interventions: arousal reduction, implementation intentions, combined arousal reduction and implementation intentions, or control imagery. Participants practiced their techniques daily for 21 days. They completed online measures of sleep quality, behaviors, and self-efficacy at baseline and Day 21; and daily measures of sleep behaviors. RESULTS Participants using implementation intention imagery exhibited greater improvements in self-efficacy, sleep behaviors, sleep quality, and time to sleep relative to participants using arousal reduction and control imagery. CONCLUSIONS Implementation intention imagery can improve sleep behavior for daytime employees. Use of arousal reduction imagery was unsupported. Self-regulation imagery techniques show promise for improving sleep behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa H Loft
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Sunway Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 46150, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia,
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Rothman AJ, Klein WMP, Cameron LD. Advancing innovations in social/personality psychology and health: opportunities and challenges. Health Psychol 2013; 32:602-8. [PMID: 23646845 DOI: 10.1037/a0032116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Social, personality, and health psychologists have a long tradition of active and productive collaborations that have advanced the development of intervention strategies that promote health and well-being and the specification of the theoretical principles that underlie those strategies. This special issue is designed to continue this tradition of collaboration and to highlight areas of research and investigative strategies that offer opportunities for innovation. This concluding paper examines how investigators construe the interface between theory and practice and, with that lens, considers several themes that have emerged across the papers that comprise this special issue. As evidenced by the papers in this special issue, investigators are well-positioned to leverage advances in understanding of human health and well-being. However, to capitalize on this opportunity, investigators need to commit to cultivating a culture of scientific activity that prioritizes the engagement of theory and practice-the pursuit of both understanding and use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Rothman
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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Klein WMP, Rothman AJ, Cameron LD. Theoretical innovations in social and personality psychology and implications for health: introduction to special issue. Health Psychol 2013; 32:457-9. [PMID: 23646830 DOI: 10.1037/a0032386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William M P Klein
- Behavioral Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-7326, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is working to introduce new graphic warning labels for cigarette packages, the first change in cigarette warnings in more than 25 years. We sought to examine whether warnings discouraged participants from wanting to smoke and altered perceived likelihood of harms among adolescent males and whether these warning effects varied by age. METHODS A national sample of 386 non-smoking American males ages 11-17 participated in an online experiment during fall 2010. We randomly assigned participants to view warnings using a 2 × 2 between-subjects design. The warnings described a harm of smoking (addiction or lung cancer) using text only or text plus an image used on European cigarette package warnings. Analyses tested whether age moderated the warnings' impact on risk perceptions and smoking motivations. RESULTS The warnings discouraged most adolescents from wanting to smoke, but lung cancer warnings discouraged them more than addiction warnings did (60% vs. 34% were "very much" discouraged, p<.001). Including an image had no effect on discouragement. The warnings affected several beliefs about the harms from smoking, and age moderated these effects. Adolescents said addiction was easier to imagine and more likely to happen to them than lung cancer. They also believed that their true likelihood of experiencing any harm was lower than what an expert would say. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that warnings focusing on lung cancer, rather than addiction, are more likely to discourage wanting to smoke among adolescent males and enhance their ability to imagine the harmful consequences of smoking. Including images on warnings had little effect on non-smoking male adolescents' discouragement or beliefs, though additional research on the effects of pictorial warnings for this at-risk population is needed as the FDA moves forward with developing new graphic labels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Pepper
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Linda D. Cameron
- Psychological Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, University of California, Merced, California, United States of America
| | - Paul L. Reiter
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Annie-Laurie McRee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Noel T. Brewer
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Arndt J, Das E, Schagen SB, Reid-Arndt SA, Cameron LD, Ahles TA. Broadening the cancer and cognition landscape: the role of self-regulatory challenges. Psychooncology 2013; 23:1-8. [PMID: 23839818 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potentially detrimental effects of cancer and related treatments on cognitive functioning have emerged as one of the key foci of cancer survivorship research, but little is known about how psychological variables other than depression influence these relationships. To illustrate the potential of social psychological perspectives, we examine how a self-regulatory analysis and specific self-regulatory challenges of contending with cancer-related expectancies and stereotypes provide conceptual frameworks for understanding some of the potential causes and consequences of cancer-related cognitive deficits. METHODS Literatures on cancer-related cognitive deficits, self-regulatory ego depletion, expectancy stereotypes, and their points of convergence are briefly reviewed. RESULTS A review and conceptual integration of relevant literatures suggest that coping with cancer can impair self-regulatory capacity. There is an overlap between cognitive deficits associated with self-regulatory challenge and with cancer and its treatment, and restoring self-regulatory resources can attenuate cancer-related cognitive deficits. Examination of specific regulatory challenges of contending with expectancies and stereotypes related to treatment suggests insights that can inform when and among whom cognitive deficits may most likely emerge. CONCLUSIONS Integrating social psychological ideas with a substantial knowledge base can illustrate novel research trajectories that can deepen our understanding of cancer-related cognitive deficits and their impact on psychosocial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Arndt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) proposed a series of 36 graphic warning labels for cigarette packages. We sought to evaluate the effects of the labels on fear-related emotions about health consequences of smoking and smoking motivations of young adults. METHODS We conducted an experimental study in 2010-2011 with 325 smokers and non-smokers ages 18-30 years whom we recruited through community distribution lists in North Carolina and through a national survey company. Each participant viewed 27 labels (18 of the proposed labels with graphic images and text warnings and 9 with text-only warnings) in a random order, evaluating each label on understandability and its effects on fear-related reactions and discouragement from wanting to smoke. RESULTS Respondents found most of the proposed labels easy to understand. Of the 36 labels, 64% induced greater fear-related reactions and 58% discouraged respondents from wanting to smoke more than the corresponding text-only labels did. Labels with the greatest effects had photographs (as compared with drawings or other art graphics) or depicted diseased body parts or suffering or dead people. In almost every comparison, smokers reported lower fear-related reactions and feeling less discouraged from wanting to smoke relative to non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS Most of the proposed labels enhanced fear-related reactions about health consequences of smoking and reduced motivations to smoke relative to text-only labels, although some had larger effects than others. All but one of the nine warning labels recently adopted by the FDA enhanced fear-related reactions and reduced smoking motivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda D Cameron
- Psychological Sciences, School of Social Science, Humanities, and the Arts, University of California, Merced. California, USA
| | - Jessica K Pepper
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Noel T Brewer
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Pepper JK, Reiter PL, McRee AL, Cameron LD, Gilkey MB, Brewer NT. Adolescent males' awareness of and willingness to try electronic cigarettes. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52:144-50. [PMID: 23332477 PMCID: PMC3569032 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a new type of device that delivers vaporized nicotine without the tobacco combustion of regular cigarettes. We sought to understand awareness of and willingness to try e-cigarettes among adolescent males, a group that is at risk for smoking initiation and may use e-cigarettes as a "gateway" to smoking. METHODS A national sample of 11-19-year-old males (n = 228) completed an online survey in November 2011. We recruited participants through their parents, who were members of a panel of U.S. households constructed using random-digit dialing and addressed-based sampling. RESULTS Only two participants (< 1%) had previously tried e-cigarettes. Among those who had not tried e-cigarettes, most (67%) had heard of them. Awareness was higher among older and non-Hispanic adolescents. Nearly 1 in 5 (18%) participants were willing to try either a plain or flavored e-cigarette, but willingness to try plain versus flavored varieties did not differ. Smokers were more willing to try any e-cigarette than nonsmokers (74% vs. 13%; OR 10.25, 95% CI 2.88, 36.46). Nonsmokers who had more negative beliefs about the typical smoker were less willing to try e-cigarettes (OR .58, 95% CI .43, .79). CONCLUSIONS Most adolescent males were aware of e-cigarettes, and a substantial minority were willing to try them. Given that even experimentation with e-cigarettes could lead to nicotine dependence and subsequent use of other tobacco products, regulatory and behavioral interventions are needed to prevent "gateway" use by adolescent nonsmokers. Campaigns promoting negative images of smokers or FDA bans on sales to youth may help deter use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K. Pepper
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Paul L. Reiter
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Annie-Laurie McRee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Linda D. Cameron
- Psychological Sciences, School of Social Sciences, Humanities, and Arts, University of California, Merced, California
| | - Melissa B. Gilkey
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Noel T. Brewer
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina,Address correspondence to: Noel T. Brewer, Ph.D., Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 325A Rosenau Hall, CB 7440, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7440. (N.T. Brewer)
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Chelimo C, Wouldes TA, Cameron LD, Elwood JM. Risk factors for and prevention of human papillomaviruses (HPV), genital warts and cervical cancer. J Infect 2012; 66:207-17. [PMID: 23103285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2012.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genital HPV infection is associated with development of cervical cancer, cervical neoplasia, anogenital warts, and other anogenital cancers. A number of reviews have primarily addressed the role of HPV infection in cervical carcinogenesis, and differences in human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes found in cervical cancer cases by histology and geographical region. This review provides an informative summary of the broad body of literature on the burden of HPV, the risk factors for HPV infection, genital warts and cervical cancer, and preventive measures against these conditions in females. Studies have identified the main risk factors for genital HPV infection in females as follows: acquisition of new male partners; an increasing number of lifetime sexual partners both in females and their male partners; and having non-monogamous male partners. Cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination are the primary measures currently recommended to prevent cervical cancer. There is also an ongoing debate and conflicting findings on whether male circumcision and condom use protect against HPV infection and subsequent development of HPV-related illnesses in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Chelimo
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
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Cameron LD, Diefenbach MA. Responses to Information about Psychosocial Consequences of Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer Susceptibility: Influences of Cancer Worry and Risk Perceptions. J Health Psychol 2012; 6:47-59. [PMID: 22049237 DOI: 10.1177/135910530100600104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed the impact of information about psychosocial consequences of genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility on interest in and beliefs about genetic testing, and whether these effects vary by levels of either cancer worry or perceived cancer risk. Women (N = 180) in an experimental study were randomly assigned to read one of four messages consisting of standard information along with information about either psychosocial advantages, potential disadvantages, both advantages and disadvantages, or no additional information. Women receiving only standard information reported higher interest in obtaining genetic testing than did women who received additional information about advantages, disadvantages, or both advantages and disadvantages. Cancer worry (but not perceived risk) predicted greater interest and more favorable beliefs about the benefits of testing. Beliefs that testing causes emotional distress were positively associated with worry and negatively associated with risk perceptions.
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