1
|
Sacramento JP, Oliveira AS, Leao AE, Fonseca AP, Coelho SG, Tomich TR, Machado FS, Ferreira AL, Campos MM, Silvi RR, Rowntree JE, Rodrigues JPP, Pereira LGR. Energy requirement for primiparous Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)00732-X. [PMID: 38608938 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Our objective was to estimate the requirements of metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy for the maintenance (NEm) of lactating and dry cows, the efficiency of ME utilization for milk production (kl) and tissue gain (kg), and the use of body energy mobilization for milk production (kt) throughout the lactation of primiparous crossbred Holstein × Gyr cows, using open-circuit respiration chambers. Twenty-nine primiparous Holstein × Gyr crossbred cows with an initial BW averaging 563 ± 40.1 kg and 2.5 ± 0.09 years old were used throughout lactation and dry periods. The cows were kept non-pregnant throughout the study to eliminate possible confounding factors. Apparent digestibility assays, followed by calorimeter measurements, were performed 6 times throughout the lactation period. In the dry-off period, the cows were also evaluated but fed with restricted intake (DMI = 1.1% BW/d) to achieve heat production close to maintenance. After 21 d of diet adaptation, an apparent digestibility assay followed by calorimeter measurements was performed. Parameter estimates for lactation period were obtained by mixed models including lactation stage as repeated measures. For restricted feeding at dry-off and fasting period assays, the requirements were estimated by exponential regression. For whole lactation, the values of MEm and NEm were 0.588 and 0.395 MJ/BW0.75, respectively. The efficiencies klkgkt were 0.672, 0.771, and 0.814, respectively. However, MEm and NEm were higher in early and mid-lactation than late, while kl was higher in early than other lactation stages. Dry and non-pregnant cows had MEm of 0.434 MJ/BW0.75 and NEm of 0.351 MJ/BW0.75 for maintenance level, and MEm of 0.396 MJ/BW0.75 and NEm of 0.345 MJ/BW0.75 for fasting metabolism level and efficiency of ME utilization for maintenance was 0.80. Our findings confirmed that F1 crossbred Holstein × Gyr dairy cows have differences in energy requirement and efficiency throughout the lactation stages, suggesting the use of different values in each stage. The estimated values of energy requirement for maintenance and efficiencies for primiparous lactating crossbred Holstein × Gyr were similar to those reported in the literature in specific studies and requirements systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Sacramento
- Department of Bioengineering, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, 36307-352, São João dei Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, Eats Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - A S Oliveira
- Dairy Cattle Research Laboratory, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, 78557-267, Sinop, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - A E Leao
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A P Fonseca
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S G Coelho
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T R Tomich
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Dairy Cattle, 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - F S Machado
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Dairy Cattle, 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A L Ferreira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Dairy Cattle, 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M M Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Dairy Cattle, 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - R R Silvi
- Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil, 45662-900
| | - J E Rowntree
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, Eats Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - J P P Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Production, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 23897-000, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L G R Pereira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa Dairy Cattle, 36038-330, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Marcondes MI, Provazi FP, Silvestre T, Silva AL, Valadares Filho SC, Campos MM, Machado FS, Rotta PP. Protein requirements for pregnant dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8821-8834. [PMID: 37678777 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to estimate the protein requirements of pregnant Holstein × Gyr cows. A total of 61 Holstein × Gyr (HG) cows were used, with an average initial body weight (BW) of 480 ± 10.1 kg and age 5 ± 0.5 yr. Cows were divided into 3 groups: pregnant (n = 43), nonpregnant (n = 12), and baseline (n = 6). Baseline animals were slaughtered before starting the experiment to estimate the initial body composition of the remaining animals. Pregnant and nonpregnant cows received 2 diets: maintenance and ad libitum. Pregnant cows were slaughtered at 139, 199, 241, and 268 gestation days (GD). First, we used data only from nonpregnant cows to determine the requirements for maintenance and growth in adult cows. The requirements of metabolizable protein for maintenance (MPm; grams of empty metabolic BW [EBW0.75] per day) were estimated using a linear regression between the metabolizable protein intake (MPI, g/d) and average daily gain (g/d), and the MPm was defined as the intercept divided by the average metabolic BW. Net protein requirements for gain (NPg; g/d) were estimated by the first derivative of the allometric equation between final crude protein in the body (kg) and the final empty BW (EBW; kg). The efficiency of use of metabolizable protein for gain (k) was calculated from the regression between the retained protein (g EBW0.75/d) and the MPI (g EBW0.75/d), and k was the slope of this regression. The MPI was estimated by combining microbial protein synthesis (purine derivatives) with the digestible rumen undegradable protein [(total protein intake - rumen-degradable protein) × intestinal digestibility]. Second, an exponential model was used to fit the protein accumulation in the gestational components in the function of GD. The first derivative of that model was considered the net requirement for gestation (NPgest). The efficiency of protein utilization for gestation (kgest) was calculated by the iterative method using the equation Δ = MPI - (MPm + NPg/kg + NPgest/kgest), where kg is efficiency of protein utilization for gain. The iteration was performed aiming at a zero deviation between observed MPI and metabolizable protein (MP) estimated by the requirements determined herein. We obtained a value of 3.88 g EBW0.75/d for MPm. The estimation of NPg can be calculated according to the following equation: NPg = 0.716 × (EBWopen-0.308) × EBGc, where EBWopen is the EBW (kg) for nonpregnant animals and EBGc is the empty body gain (kg/d) corrected for the gestational component. The k was determined as 0.347. The NPgest requirements were determined as NPgest (g/d) = 0.0008722 × exp(0.01784 × GD) × (calf weight/35). The kgest was 0.625. It is important to highlight that different methods of MP estimates should not be mixed and that the proposed method requires the estimation of microbial protein (estimated via urinary estimates), which might limit practical application. In conclusion, new studies should be conducted to validate our results and the methodology adopted to determine protein requirements for pregnancy in dairy cows. Due to the pattern of protein accumulation in the gestational components, we suggest an exponential model to describe protein requirements for pregnancy for dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M I Marcondes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
| | - F P Provazi
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T Silvestre
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - A L Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S C Valadares Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M M Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Minas Gerais, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - F S Machado
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Minas Gerais, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - P P Rotta
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Castellanos-Gonzalez M, Bris BB, Marsol IB, Campos MM, Ruiz-Villaverde R, Llorente CP, Nuno-Gonzalez A, Sánchez JT, Mur EC, García RG, Alonso AB, Español GA, García YH, Schmidt JMS, Sánchez MA, Crespo ER, Alonso EDLH, Gallo-Pineda G, Izquierdo JAA, Varillas-Delgado D. Prädiktive Faktoren für Anti-MDA5-Antikörper bei Patienten mit Dermatomyositis: eine retrospektive multizentrische Studie. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023; 21:741-750. [PMID: 37427730 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15089_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel Bielsa Marsol
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spanien
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosa Giménez García
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Río Hortega, Valladolid, Spanien
| | - Ana Bauza Alonso
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Universitätsklinikum Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spanien
| | | | | | | | | | - Esther Roé Crespo
- Abteilung Dermatologie, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spanien
| | | | | | | | - David Varillas-Delgado
- Fakultät für medizinische Wissenschaft, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spanien
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Castellanos-Gonzalez M, Bris BB, Marsol IB, Campos MM, Ruiz-Villaverde R, Llorente CP, Nuno-Gonzalez A, Sánchez JT, Mur EC, García RG, Alonso AB, Español GA, García YH, Schmidt JMS, Sánchez MA, Crespo ER, Alonso EDLH, Gallo-Pineda G, Izquierdo JAA, Varillas-Delgado D. Predictive factors for anti-MDA5 antibody in patients with dermatomyositis: a retrospective multicenter study. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2023. [PMID: 37218533 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 antibody (anti-MDA5) in dermatomyositis (DM) is associated with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease and poor prognosis. Early diagnosis is key to improving the prognosis of these patients. The aim was to confirm cutaneous characteristics in patients with anti-MDA5 dermatomyositis and to explore new diagnostic markers for the presence of anti-MDA5 (anti-MDA5+ ). PATIENTS AND METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional retrospective cohort study of 124 patients diagnosed with DM, of which 37 were anti-MDA5+ . Demographic data, laboratory data, and clinical manifestations were collected. RESULTS Anti-MDA5+ DM is characterized by a distinct mucocutaneous phenotype that includes oral lesions, alopecia, mechanic's hands, palmar and dorsal papules, palmar erythema, vasculopathy, and skin ulceration. We found vasculopathy and digit tip involvement very frequently in anti-MDA5+ patients (p <0.001), being a diagnostic marker of anti-MDA5+ (OR, 12.355; 95% CI 2.850-79.263; p = 0.012 and OR, 7.447; 95% CI 2.103-46.718; p = 0.004, respectively). The presence of ulcers deserves special mention, especially in anti-MDA5+ patients, because in our cohort, up to 97% of the anti-MDA5+ patients had ulcers. CONCLUSIONS In patients with suspected DM with digit tip involvement or vasculopathy, the presence of anti-MDA5 antibodies must be ruled out, as it may be a clinical predictor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Isabel Bielsa Marsol
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Bauza Alonso
- Dermatology Service, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Esther Roé Crespo
- Dermatology Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - David Varillas-Delgado
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Teichert-Filho R, Baldasso CN, Campos MM, Gomes MS. Protective device to reduce aerosol dispersion in dental clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1588-1597. [PMID: 32735690 PMCID: PMC7436703 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To describe the use of a new protective device to reduce aerosol dispersion in dental clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODOLOGY The device consists of a rigid translucent acrylic structure (methyl polymethacrylate), adjusted to the dental chair, involving the patient's head, neck and chest. There is also a piping system to generate negative pressure, for aspiration and filtering of the air inside the device chamber. The operator works through small holes in the acrylic structure, to reduce contact with the microparticles arising from aerosols during dental procedures. Simulated dental procedures using a fluorescent dye in the water of the dental equipment were carried out, with and without the use of the device. The presence of the dye was analysed at various locations, such as on personal protective equipment (PPE), the dental chair and on the clinic floor. RESULTS In the simulated dental procedure without the device, the dye was obvious on surgical gloves, aprons (waist, chest, legs, fists) and face shields, as well as on the dental chair (backrest, light reflector) and clinic floor. In the simulated dental procedure using the device, the dye was observed only on surgical gloves, apron (fists), inside the pipe system and internal walls of the acrylic chamber. There was a certain limitation of movement and visualization by the dentist whilst using the device. CONCLUSIONS The present device is a low-cost complementary resource for use in conjunction with standard PPE, to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the dental setting. Further clinical trials should be carried out to test the efficacy of this device to reduce aerosol dispersion and the consequent vector of contamination, as well as the ergonomic impacts related to its use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Teichert-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Médico-Odontológico da Brigada Militar do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - C N Baldasso
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M M Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M S Gomes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde e da Vida, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Médico-Odontológico da Brigada Militar do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ornelas LTC, Silva DC, Tomich TR, Campos MM, Machado FS, Ferreira AL, Maurício RM, Pereira LGR. Differences in methane production, yield and intensity and its effects on metabolism of dairy heifers. Sci Total Environ 2019; 689:1133-1140. [PMID: 31466153 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of divergent phenotypic classification in crossbreed Holstein × Gyr dairy heifers for methane emissions in relation to performance, digestibility, energy and nitrogen partition, blood metabolites and temperature of body surface were evaluated. Thirty-five heifers were classified as high and low emission for CH4 production (g/day), yield (g/kg dry matter intake) and intensity (g/kg average daily gain). Digestibility was evaluated by total collection of feces and urine. Gas exchanges were obtained in open-circuit respiratory chambers. A completely randomized design was used and divergent groups were compared by Fisher's test. No differences were found in intake traits between groups of CH4 production and intensity. The low yield group had higher intake. For digestibility and temperature at different body sites were no differences between variables. High production group had higher energy losses as methane and heat production. Low intensity group had higher digestible energy, energy balance and ratio between metabolizable and digestible energy. Urinary nitrogen was 14.3% lower for low production group. There was a difference between methane yield divergent groups for nitrogen intake, digestible and retained. Energy and nitrogen partitioning traits are correlated to the animals divergent for methane production and yield. The low production group presented lower blood insulin concentration. It was not possible to identify divergent animals for CH4 emission using the infrared thermography technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L T C Ornelas
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Southwestern Bahia (UESB), Bahia 45700-000, Brazil
| | - D C Silva
- Department of Animal Science, State University of Southwestern Bahia (UESB), Bahia 45700-000, Brazil
| | - T R Tomich
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Minas Gerais 36038-330, Brazil
| | - M M Campos
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Minas Gerais 36038-330, Brazil
| | - F S Machado
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Minas Gerais 36038-330, Brazil
| | - A L Ferreira
- Department of Agricultural Science, Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Minas Gerais 36307-352, Brazil
| | - R M Maurício
- Department of Agricultural Science, Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Minas Gerais 36307-352, Brazil
| | - L G R Pereira
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Minas Gerais 36038-330, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kolling GJ, Stivanin SCB, Gabbi AM, Machado FS, Ferreira AL, Campos MM, Tomich TR, Cunha CS, Dill SW, Pereira LGR, Fischer V. Performance and methane emissions in dairy cows fed oregano and green tea extracts as feed additives. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4221-4234. [PMID: 29477520 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Plant extracts have been proposed as substitutes for chemical feed additives due to their potential as rumen fermentation modifiers and because of their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, possibly reducing methane emissions. This study aimed to evaluate the use of oregano (OR), green tea extracts (GT), and their association as feed additives on the performance and methane emissions from dairy between 28 and 87 d of lactation. Thirty-two lactating dairy cows, blocked into 2 genetic groups: 16 Holstein cows and 16 crossbred Holstein-Gir, with 522.6 ± 58.3 kg of body weight, 57.2 ± 20.9 d in lactation, producing 27.5 ± 5.0 kg/cow of milk and with 3.1 ± 1.8 lactations were evaluated (means ± standard error of the means). Cows were allocated into 4 treatments: control (CON), without plant extracts in the diet; oregano extract (OR), with the addition of 0.056% of oregano extract in the dry matter (DM) of the diet; green tea (GT), with the addition of 0.028% of green tea extract in the DM of the diet; and mixture, with the addition of 0.056% oregano extract and 0.028% green tea extract in the DM of the diet. The forage-to-concentrate ratio was 60:40. Forage was composed of corn silage (94%) and Tifton hay (6%); concentrate was based on ground corn and soybean meal. Plant extracts were supplied as powder, which was previously added and homogenized into 1 kg of concentrate in natural matter, top-dressed onto the total mixed diet. No treatment by day interaction was observed for any of the evaluated variables, but some block by treatment interactions were significant. In Holstein cows, the mixture treatment decreased gross energy and tended to decrease the total-tract apparent digestibility coefficient for crude protein and total digestible nutrients when compared with OR. During the gas measurement period, GT and OR increased the digestible fraction of the ingested DM and decreased CH4 expressed in grams per kilogram of digestible DMI compared with CON. The use of extracts did not change rumen pH, total volatile fatty acid concentration, milk yield, or most milk traits. Compared with CON, oregano addition decreased fat concentration in milk. The use of plant extracts altered some milk fatty acids but did not change milk fatty acids grouped according to chain length (short or long), saturation (unsaturated or saturated), total conjugated linoleic acids, and n-3 and n-6 contents. Green tea and oregano fed separately reduced gas emission in cows during the first third of lactation and have potential to be used as feed additives for dairy cows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G J Kolling
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Escola de Medicina Veterinária University Center FACVEST and IMED, Passo Fundo, 99070-220, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - S C B Stivanin
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A M Gabbi
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - F S Machado
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, 36038-330, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - A L Ferreira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, 36038-330, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, São João del Rei, 36307-352, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M M Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, 36038-330, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T R Tomich
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, 36038-330, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C S Cunha
- Doctor in Animal Science from Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, 36570-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S W Dill
- Integrated Residency Program in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Uruguaiana, 97504210, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L G R Pereira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, 36038-330, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - V Fischer
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 91540-000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oss DB, Machado FS, Tomich TR, Pereira LGR, Campos MM, Castro MMD, da Silva TE, Marcondes MI. Energy and protein requirements of crossbred (Holstein × Gyr) growing bulls. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2603-2613. [PMID: 28161164 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to estimate the energy and protein requirements of crossbred (Holstein × Gyr) growing bulls. Twenty-four 10-mo-old bulls [initial body weight (BW) = 184 ± 23.4 kg] were used in a comparative slaughter trial. Six bulls were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment as the reference group, to estimate initial empty body weight (EBW) and energy and protein contents of the remaining animals. The remaining bulls were assigned to a completely randomized design with 3 levels of dry matter intake and 6 replicates. The levels of dry matter intake were 1.2% of BW, 1.8% of BW, and ad libitum to target orts equal to 5% of the total amount that was fed. The remaining bulls were slaughtered at the end of the experiment. The bulls were fed a diet consisting of 59.6% corn silage and 40.4% concentrate on a dry matter basis. The equation that determined the relationship between EBW and BW was EBW = (0.861 ± 0.0031) × BW. The relationship between empty body gain (EBG) and average daily gain (ADG) was demonstrated by the following equation: EBG = (0.934 ± 0.0111) × ADG. Net energy for maintenance (NEM) was 74.8 ± 2.89 kcal/kg of EBW0.75 per day, and metabolizable energy for maintenance (MEM) was 120.8 kcal/kg of EBW0.75 per day. The detected efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for maintenance (km) was 61.9%. The equation used to estimate net energy for gain (NEG) was as follows: NEG = (0.049 ± 0.0011) × EBW0.75 × EBG0.729 ± 0.0532. The efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for gain (kg) was 35.7%. The metabolizable protein for maintenance (MPM) was 3.05 g/kg of BW0.75. The equation used to estimate net protein requirements for gain (NPG) = (87.138 ± 65.1378 × EBG) + [(40.436 ± 21.3640) × NEG]. The efficiency of use of metabolizable protein for gain (k) was 35.7%. We concluded that the estimates of energy and protein requirements presented herein are more appropriate than the National Research Council dairy cattle model and the Brazilian BR-CORTE system to balance the diets of crossbred (Holstein × Gyr) growing bulls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Oss
- Federal University of Viçosa, Animal Science Department, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 36570-900
| | - F S Machado
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, 36038-330
| | - T R Tomich
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, 36038-330
| | - L G R Pereira
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, 36038-330
| | - M M Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, 36038-330
| | - M M D Castro
- Federal University of Viçosa, Animal Science Department, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 36570-900
| | - T E da Silva
- Federal University of Viçosa, Animal Science Department, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 36570-900
| | - M I Marcondes
- Federal University of Viçosa, Animal Science Department, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 36570-900.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Oss DB, Marcondes MI, Machado FS, Tomich TR, Chizzotti ML, Campos MM, Pereira LGR. Technical note: Assessment of the oxygen pulse and heart rate method using respiration chambers and comparative slaughter for measuring heat production of cattle. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8885-8890. [PMID: 27544858 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the oxygen pulse and heart rate (O2P-HR) technique using the respiration chamber (RC) and comparative slaughter (CS) methods for measuring the heat production (HP) of crossbred (Holstein × Gyr) yearling bulls. Twenty-four bulls were used. Six bulls were slaughtered at the beginning of the experiment as a reference group to estimate the initial empty body weight (BW) and energy content of the remaining animals. The remaining bulls were assigned to a completely randomized design with 3 levels of dry matter intake, with 6 replicates. The levels of dry matter intake were 1.2% of BW, 1.8% of BW and ad libitum, with target orts of 5%. The bulls were fed a diet consisting of 59.6% corn silage and 40.4% concentrate on a dry matter basis. The HP (kcal/BW0.75) was measured using 3 techniques, first using O2P-HR, followed by the RC and CS methods. The HP did not differ among assessed techniques, averaging 162.7kcal/BW0.75. The intercepts of the linear regressions (mean ± SE) were 64.82±25.515 (H0: intercept=0; P=0.024), 33.77±13.418 (H0: intercept=0), and 50.02±27.495 (H0: intercept=0) for O2P-HR versus RC, CS versus RC, and O2P-HR versus CS, respectively. The slopes of the linear regressions were 0.59±0.153 (H0: slope=1), 0.88±0.081 (H0: slope=1), and 0.62±0.155 (H0: slope=1) for O2P-HR versus RC, CS versus RC, and O2P-HR versus CS, respectively. The coefficients of determination were 0.52, 0.90, and 0.52 for O2P-HR versus RC, CS versus RC, and O2P-HR versus CS, respectively. The concordance correlation coefficients, 0.70 and 0.68, were moderate for O2P-HR versus RC and O2P-HR versus CS, respectively, but high, 0.90, for CS versus RC. The between-animal coefficient of variation was greater for the O2P-HR method (16.6%) compared with RC (7.7%) or CS (6.7%). We conclude that there was an agreement among the HP measurements detected using the assessed methods and that O2P-HR is able to predict HP in cattle with great accuracy but only moderate precision. Therefore, the O2P-HR method may have limitations in terms of assessing HP in low numbers of replications due to greater between-animal coefficient of variation than either the RC or CS methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Oss
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 36570-900; CAPES, Ministério da Educação, Brasília, DF, Brazil, 70040-020
| | - M I Marcondes
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 36570-900.
| | - F S Machado
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, 36038-330
| | - T R Tomich
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, 36038-330
| | - M L Chizzotti
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil, 36570-900
| | - M M Campos
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, 36038-330
| | - L G R Pereira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil, 36038-330
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Azevedo RA, Machado FS, Campos MM, Furini PM, Rufino SRA, Pereira LGR, Tomich TR, Coelho SG. The effects of increasing amounts of milk replacer powder added to whole milk on feed intake and performance in dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:8018-8027. [PMID: 27474984 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects on feed intake, heifer performance, and health of increasing the total solids (TS) content of liquid feed (whole milk) by adding increasing amounts of milk replacer powder during the pre- and postweaning periods. Crossbred Holstein-Gyr heifers (n=60) were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments (n=15 per group), which consisted of different TS concentrations: 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, and 20.0% of liquid feed. Heifers received 6 L of liquid feed per day, divided into 2 equal meals (0800 and 1600h) and provided in buckets, from 5 to 55d of age. From 56 to 59d of age, the total amount of liquid feed was reduced by half, maintaining only morning feedings. Heifers were weaned at 60d and monitored until 90d of age. Water and starter were provided ad libitum during the entire experiment. Corn silage was included in the diet during the postweaning period (70d of age). Feed intake and health scores were evaluated daily. Body weight and body frame development were recorded weekly. Starting at 14d, ruminal pH was measured every other week. Laboratory analysis determined that the actual TS contents of the liquid feed were 13.5, 16.1, 18.2, and 20.4%, for the proposed 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, and 20.0% TS treatments, respectively. The osmolality of liquid feed treatments was 265 to 533mOsm/L. Intake of liquid feed was similar among treatments from 4wk of age. During the preweaning period, starter intake, fecal score, and days with diarrhea were similar among treatments. Ruminal pH at weaning averaged 6.2 and was similar among treatments. Increasing concentrations of TS in the liquid feed were associated with linear increases in average daily gain, final body weight, and growth performance, but linear decreases in feed efficiency. During the postweaning period, intake of starter, corn silage, and water were similar among treatments, as well as average daily gain and feed efficiency. Final body weight and growth performance during the postweaning period also increased linearly with concentration of TS in liquid feed. Increasing the concentration of TS in liquid feed up to 20.4% increased performance and body frame development in dairy heifers during the pre- and postweaning periods and had no effects on solid feed intake or health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Azevedo
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brazil
| | - F S Machado
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - M M Campos
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - P M Furini
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brazil
| | - S R A Rufino
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brazil
| | - L G R Pereira
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - T R Tomich
- Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - S G Coelho
- Department of Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30161-970, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ribeiro LG, Machado FS, Campos MM, Guimaraes R, Tomich TR, Reis LG, Coombs C. Enteric methane mitigation strategies in ruminants: a review. REV COLOMB CIENC PEC 2015. [DOI: 10.17533/udea.rccp.v28n2a02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
12
|
Silva RBM, Sperotto NDM, Andrade EL, Pereira TCB, Leite CE, de Souza AH, Bogo MR, Morrone FB, Gomez MV, Campos MM. Spinal blockage of P/Q- or N-type voltage-gated calcium channels modulates functional and symptomatic changes related to haemorrhagic cystitis in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 172:924-39. [PMID: 25298144 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spinal voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are pivotal regulators of painful and inflammatory alterations, representing attractive therapeutic targets. We examined the effects of epidural administration of the P/Q- and N-type VGCC blockers Tx3-3 and Phα1β, respectively, isolated from the spider Phoneutria nigriventer, on symptomatic, inflammatory and functional changes allied to mouse cyclophosphamide (CPA)-induced haemorrhagic cystitis (HC). The effects of P. nigriventer-derived toxins were compared with those displayed by MVIIC and MVIIA, extracted from the cone snail Conus magus. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH HC was induced by a single i.p. injection of CPA (300 mg·kg(-1) ). Dose- and time-related effects of spinally administered P/Q and N-type VGCC blockers were assessed on nociceptive behaviour and macroscopic inflammation elicited by CPA. The effects of toxins were also evaluated on cell migration, cytokine production, oxidative stress, functional cystometry alterations and TRPV1, TRPA1 and NK1 receptor mRNA expression. KEY RESULTS The spinal blockage of P/Q-type VGCC by Tx3-3 and MVIIC or N-type VGCC by Phα1β attenuated nociceptive and inflammatory events associated with HC, including bladder oxidative stress and cytokine production. CPA produced a slight increase in bladder TRPV1 and TRPA1 mRNA expression, which was reversed by all the toxins tested. Noteworthy, Phα1β strongly prevented bladder neutrophil migration, besides HC-related functional alterations, and its effects were potentiated by co-injecting the selective NK1 receptor antagonist CP-96345. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results shed new light on the role of spinal P/Q and N-type VGCC in bladder dysfunctions, pointing out Phα1β as a promising alternative for treating complications associated with CPA-induced HC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R B M Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sgnaolin V, Pereira TCB, Bogo MR, Zanin R, Battastini AMO, Morrone FB, Campos MM. Functional and molecular characterization of kinin B1 and B 2 receptors in human bladder cancer: implication of the PI3Kγ pathway. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:812-22. [PMID: 23224295 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Kinins and their receptors have been recently implicated in cancer. Using functional and molecular approaches, we investigated the relevance of kinin B1 and B2 receptors in bladder cancer. Functional studies were conducted using bladder cancer cell lines, and human biopsies were employed for molecular studies. Both B1 des-Arg(9)-BK and B2 BK receptor agonists stimulated the proliferation of grade 3-derived T24 bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, treatment with B1 and B2 receptor antagonists (SSR240612 and HOE140) markedly inhibited the proliferation of T24 cells. Only higher concentrations of BK increased the proliferation of the grade 1 bladder cancer cell line RT4, while des-Arg(9)-BK completely failed to induce its proliferation. Real-time PCR revealed that the mRNA expression of kinin receptors, particularly B1 receptors, was increased in T24 cells relative to RT4 cells. Data from bladder cancer human biopsies revealed that B1 receptor expression was increased in all tumor samples and under conditions of chronic inflammation. We also show novel evidence demonstrating that the pharmacological inhibition of PI3Kγ (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) with AS252424, concentration-dependently reduced T24 cell proliferation induced by BK or des-Arg(9)-BK. Finally, the incubation of T24 cells with kinin agonists led to a marked activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK 1/2 signaling pathways, whereas p38 MAP kinase remained unaffected. Kinin receptors, especially B1 receptors, appear to be implicated in bladder cancer progression. It is tempting to suggest that selective kinin antagonists might represent potential alternative therapies for bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Sgnaolin
- Prostgraduate Program in Medicine and Health Sciences, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga 6681, Partenon, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Martins JP, Silva RBM, Coutinho-Silva R, Takiya CM, Battastini AMO, Morrone FB, Campos MM. The role of P2X7 purinergic receptors in inflammatory and nociceptive changes accompanying cyclophosphamide-induced haemorrhagic cystitis in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:183-96. [PMID: 21675966 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ATP is released in response to cellular damage, and P2X7 receptors have an essential role in the onset and maintenance of pathological changes. Haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a well-known adverse effect of therapy with cyclophosphamide used for the treatment of many solid tumours and autoimmune conditions. Here we have evaluated the role of P2X7 receptors in a model of HC induced by cyclophosphamide. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of pharmacological antagonism or genetic deletion of P2X7 receptor on cyclophosphamide-induced HC in mice was assessed by nociceptive and inflammatory measures. In addition, the presence of immunoreactive P2X7 receptors was assessed by immunohistochemistry. KEY RESULTS Pretreatment with the selective P2X7 receptor antagonist A-438079 or genetic ablation of P2X7 receptors reduced nociceptive behaviour scores in the HC model. The same strategies decreased both oedema and haemorrhage indices, on macroscopic or histological evaluation. Treatment with A-438079 decreased the staining for c-Fos in the lumbar spinal cord and brain cortical areas. Treatment with A-438079 also prevented the increase of urinary bladder myeloperoxidase activity and macrophage migration induced by cyclophosphamide and reduced the tissue levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. Finally, P2X7 receptors were markedly up-regulated in the bladders of mice with cyclophosphamide-induced HC. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS P2X7 receptors were significantly involved in a model of HC induced by cyclophosphamide. Pharmacological inhibition of these receptors might represent a new therapeutic option for this pathological condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Martins
- Faculdade de Medicina, PUCRS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lima-Garcia JF, Dutra RC, da Silva K, Motta EM, Campos MM, Calixto JB. The precursor of resolvin D series and aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 display anti-hyperalgesic properties in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 164:278-93. [PMID: 21418187 PMCID: PMC3174409 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Resolution of inflammation is mediated by endogenous molecules with anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities and they have generated new possibilities for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Here, we have investigated the possible anti-hyperalgesic effects of two lipids, aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) and its precursor, 17(R)-hydroxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,15E,17R,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (17(R)HDoHE). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The anti-hyperalgesic effects of both lipid mediators were evaluated, using mechanical and thermal stimuli, at different time-points in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. Cytokine levels were measured, and immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR for pro-inflammatory mediators were also performed. KEY RESULTS The precursor of resolvin D series, 17(R)HDoHE, given systemically, inhibited the development and the maintenance of mechanical hyperalgesia in acute inflammation. Such effects were likely to be associated with modulation of both NF-κB and COX-2 in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord. 17(R)HDoHE was also effective against sub-chronic pain. Unexpectedly, repeated treatment with 17(R)HDoHE did not modify paw and joint oedema in the sub-chronic model, while joint stiffness was prevented. Notably, AT-RvD1 exhibited marked anti-hyperalgesic effects in acute inflammation when given systemically. The efficacy of long-term treatment with either 17(R)HDoHE or AT-RvD1 was partly related to decreased production of TNF-α and IL-1β in rat hind paw. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings provide fresh evidence for the anti-hyperalgesic properties of 17(R)HDoHE and its pro-resolution metabolite AT-RvD1. Such lipid mediators might be useful for treating pain associated with acute or chronic inflammation. LINKED ARTICLE This article is commented on by Xu and Ji, pp. 274-277 of this issue. To view this commentary visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01348.x.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J F Lima-Garcia
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Vieira JP, Luis C, Monteiro JP, Temudo T, Campos MM, Quintas S, Nunes S. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis in children: clinical presentation and extension, localization and recanalization of thrombosis. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2010; 14:80-5. [PMID: 19201633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 12/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Many important questions regarding pathophysiology and treatment of cerebral sinovenous thrombosis need clarification and may depend on further knowledge on the etiology, site, extension and recanalization of the thrombosis. We studied these variables in a cohort of children and adolescents from seven Portuguese Centers. We conclude from our results that the deep venous system and the superior longitudinal sinus are less frequently affected with thrombosis but have a greater potential for serious neurologic disease and for major sequelae. Non-recanalization, at least in the long term, is not an adverse prognostic factor. Extensive propagation of the thrombus from the initial site of origin seems to be common. The early identification of risk factors and their treatment coupled with an aggressive attitude towards diagnosis and treatment for thrombosis involving the deep venous system would be warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J P Vieira
- Neurology Department, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1159-045 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Vilan A, Faria O, Campos MM. [Wolfram syndrome]. Rev Neurol 2009; 49:221-222. [PMID: 19621326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
|
18
|
Bernardi A, Zilberstein ACCV, Jäger E, Campos MM, Morrone FB, Calixto JB, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Battastini AMO. Effects of indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules in experimental models of inflammation in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 158:1104-11. [PMID: 19422380 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00244.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The effects of systemic treatment with indomethacin-loaded nanocapsules (IndOH-NC) were compared with those of free indomethacin (IndOH) in rat models of acute and chronic oedema. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The following models of inflammation were employed: carrageenan-induced acute oedema (measured between 30 min and 4 h), sub-chronic oedema induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) (determined between 2 h and 72 h), and CFA-induced arthritis (oedema measured between 14 and 21 days). KEY RESULTS IndOH or IndOH-NC produced equal inhibition of carrageenan-elicited oedema. However, IndOH-NC was more effective in both the sub-chronic (33 +/- 4% inhibition) and the arthritis (35 +/- 2% inhibition) model of oedema evoked by CFA, when compared with IndOH (21 +/- 2% and 14 +/- 3% inhibition respectively) (P < 0.01). In the CFA arthritis model, treatment with IndOH-NC markedly inhibited the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor alpha and IL-6 (by 83 +/- 8% and 84 +/- 11% respectively), while the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were significantly increased (196 +/- 55%). The indices of gastrointestinal damage in IndOH-NC-treated animals were significantly less that those after IndOH treatment (58 +/- 16%, 72 +/- 6% and 69 +/- 2%, for duodenum, jejunum and ileum respectively). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS IndOH-NC produced an increased anti-inflammatory efficacy in long-term models of inflammation, allied to an improved gastrointestinal safety. This formulation might represent a promising alternative for treating chronic inflammatory diseases, with reduced undesirable effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bernardi
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hara DB, Leite DFP, Fernandes ES, Passos GF, Guimarães AO, Pesquero JB, Campos MM, Calixto JB. The relevance of kinin B1 receptor upregulation in a mouse model of colitis. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 154:1276-86. [PMID: 18536758 PMCID: PMC2483382 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 05/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Kinins are implicated in many pathophysiological conditions, and recent evidence has suggested their involvement in colitis. This study assessed the role of the kinin B1 receptors in a mouse model of colitis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Colitis was induced in mice by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS), and tissue damage and myeloperoxidase activity were assessed. B1 receptor induction was analysed by organ bath studies, binding assay and reverse transcription PCR. KEY RESULTS TNBS-induced colitis was associated with tissue damage, neutrophil infiltration and time-dependent increase of colon B1 receptor-mediated contraction, with the maximal response observed at 72 h. The upregulation of the B1 receptor at this time point was also confirmed by means of binding studies. B1 receptor mRNA levels were elevated as early as 6 h after colitis induction and remained high for up to 48 h. TNBS-evoked tissue damage and neutrophil influx were reduced by the selective B1 receptor antagonist SSR240612, and in B1 receptor knockout mice. In vivo treatment with inhibitors of protein synthesis, nuclear factor-kappaB activation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) or tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) significantly reduced B1 receptor agonist-induced contraction. Similar results were observed in iNOS and TNF receptor 1-knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results provide convincing evidence on the role of B1 receptors in the pathogenesis of colitis. Therefore, the blockade of kinin B1 receptors might represent a new therapeutic option for treating inflammatory bowel diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D B Hara
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - D F P Leite
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - E S Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - G F Passos
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - A O Guimarães
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - J B Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Universidade Federal de São Paulo SP, Brazil
| | - M M Campos
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J B Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Quintão NLM, Ferreira J, Beirith A, Campos MM, Calixto JB. Evaluation of the effects of the herbal product Catuama in inflammatory and neuropathic models of nociception in rats. Phytomedicine 2008; 15:245-52. [PMID: 17482443 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Here we evaluated the antinociceptive effects of the herbal drug Catuama in rat inflammatory and neuropathic models of pain, in order to assess some of the mechanisms involved in its actions. Catuama given orally, in both acute and chronic schedules of treatment, consistently inhibited the mechanical allodynia induced by the intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The same treatment with Catuama failed to significantly affect CFA-caused thermal hyperalgesia. In addition, Catuama did not significantly modify the mechanical allodynia or hyperalgesia observed following the partial ligation of the sciatic nerve or the diabetic polyneuropathy, respectively. In another series of experiments, Catuama caused a striking reduction of the mechanical allodynia induced by LPS. Oral treatment with Catuama was not, however, effective in altering the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1beta, TNFalpha, PGE(2) or LTB(4) following i.pl. administration of LPS in the rat paw. Of high interest, the antinociceptive effects of Catuama in the LPS model were reversed significantly by the non-selective dopamine antagonist haloperidol, but not by serotonin methysergide or adrenergic yohimbine receptor antagonists. Our results indicate that the herbal drug Catuama diminishes inflammatory, but not neuropathic, nociceptive responses in rats, by mechanisms involving an interference with dopaminergic pathways. Catuama might represent a potential therapeutic tool for the management of persistent inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N L M Quintão
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Medeiros R, Passos GF, Vitor CE, Koepp J, Mazzuco TL, Pianowski LF, Campos MM, Calixto JB. Effect of two active compounds obtained from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea on the acute inflammatory responses elicited by LPS in the rat paw. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 151:618-27. [PMID: 17471174 PMCID: PMC2013990 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE alpha-Humulene and trans-caryophyllene are sesquiterpene compounds identified in the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea which display topical and systemic anti-inflammatory effects in different experimental models. However, the molecular mechanisms through which they exert their anti-inflammatory activity still remain unclear. Here, we evaluate the effects of alpha-humulene and trans-caryophyllene on the acute inflammatory responses elicited by LPS. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The biological activities of alpha-humulene and trans-caryophyllene were investigated in a model of acute inflammation in rat paw, induced by LPS and characterized by paw oedema, neutrophil recruitment, cytokine production, activation of MAP kinases and NF-kappaB and up-regulated expression of kinin B(1) receptors. KEY RESULTS Treatment with either alpha-humulene or trans-caryophyllene effectively reduced neutrophil migration and activation of NF-kappaB induced by LPS in the rat paw. However, only alpha-humulene significantly reduced the increase in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta levels, paw oedema and the up-regulation of B(1) receptors following treatment with LPS. Both compounds failed to interfere with the activation of the MAP kinases, ERK, p38 and JNK. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Both alpha-humulene and trans-caryophyllene inhibit the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation and neutrophil migration, although only alpha-humulene had the ability to prevent the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta and the in vivo up-regulation of kinin B(1) receptors. These data provide additional molecular and functional insights into the beneficial effects of the sesquiterpenes alpha-humulene and trans-caryophyllene isolated from the essential oil of Cordia verbenacea as agents for the management of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Medeiros
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - G F Passos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - C E Vitor
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - J Koepp
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - T L Mazzuco
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - L F Pianowski
- Rua Setúbal, Residencial Euroville Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M M Campos
- Escola de Odontologia, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J B Calixto
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Appel GB, Radhakrishnan J, Avram MM, DeFronzo RA, Escobar-Jimenez F, Campos MM, Burgess E, Hille DA, Dickson TZ, Shahinfar S, Brenner BM. Analysis of metabolic parameters as predictors of risk in the RENAAL study. Diabetes Care 2003; 26:1402-7. [PMID: 12716796 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.5.1402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic factors such as glycemic control, hyperlipidemia, and hyperkalemia are important considerations in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. In the RENAAL (Reduction of End Points in Type 2 Diabetes With the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan) study, losartan reduced renal outcomes in the patient population. This post hoc analysis of the RENAAL study reports the effects of losartan on selected metabolic parameters and assesses the relationship between baseline values of metabolic parameters and the primary composite end point or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Glycemic control (HbA(1c)) and serum lipid, uric acid, and potassium levels were compared between the losartan and placebo groups over time, and baseline levels were correlated with the risk of reaching the primary composite end point (doubling of serum creatinine, ESRD, or death) or ESRD alone. RESULTS Losartan did not adversely affect glycemic control or serum lipid levels. Losartan-treated patients had lower total (227.4 vs. 195.4 mg/dl) and LDL (142.2 vs. 111.7 mg/dl) cholesterol. Losartan was associated with a mean increase of up to 0.3 mEq/l in serum potassium levels; however, the rate of hyperkalemia-related discontinuation was similar between the placebo and losartan groups. Univariate analysis revealed that baseline total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were associated with increased risk of developing the primary composite end point. Similarly, total and LDL cholesterol were also associated with increased risk of developing ESRD. CONCLUSIONS Overall, losartan was well tolerated by patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy and was associated with a favorable effect on the metabolic profile of this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerald B Appel
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hawkins F, Escobar-Jiménez F, Jódar E, Campos MM, López Alvarez MB, Martínez Díaz-Guerra G. Bone mineral density in hypoparathyroid women on LT4 suppressive therapy. Effect of calcium and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 treatment. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 2003; 3:71-6. [PMID: 15758368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to study the bone mineral density (BMD) of patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism (hypoPTH) after longterm calcium and vitamin D treatment. Twenty hypoPTH women (mean-/+SD, aged 50-/+15 years, IPTH 4-/+6 pg/ml) and 20 matched euparathyroid women (euPTH) after near total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer, completed with I-131 ablation and on suppressive therapy with L-Thyroxine (LT(4)), were studied. In addition eight hypoPTH patients who were receiving LT(4) replacement therapy after surgery for compressive goiter were simultaneously studied. The hypoPTH patients were on calcium and 1,25(OH)(2) vitamin D(3) therapy to normalize serum calcium. Bone mineral density (BMD) (DXA, at the lumbar spine [L(2)- L(4), LS], femoral neck [FN] and Ward triangle [WT]), serum and urine calcium, serum phosphorus, TOTALALP and osteocalcin were measured. Patients with hypoPTH showed greater lumbar BMD than euPTH patients on suppressive therapy (Z-score; 1.01-/+1.34 vs. -0.52-/+0.70, p<0.05). Serum osteocalcin levels were higher in hypoPTH patients on suppressive therapy compared to hypoPTH patients on replacement therapy. The LS BMD from hypoPTH patients correlated with calcium supplements (r=0.439; p=0.02), 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) dose (r=0.382; p=0.04) and LT(4) dose (r=0.374; p=0.05). Our data suggest that long-term treatment with calcium and 1,25(OH)(2) vitamin D3 supplements in hypoPTH patients on suppressive LT4 therapy results in increased BMD when compared with patients with normal PTH levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Hawkins
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cardozo AHM, Cabrini DA, Campos MM, Rae GA, Huidobro-Toro JP, Calixto JB. Diabetes-induced changes in responsiveness of rat bladder and vas deferens to peptides in vitro: susceptibility to reversal by insulin. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2002; 80:334-40. [PMID: 12025969 DOI: 10.1139/y02-054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Changes in responsiveness of the vas deferens and urinary bladder to bradykinin (BK) receptor agonists (Tyr8-BK and des-Arg9-BK), substance P (SP), and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were assessed 8 weeks after streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Preparations from control or STZ-treated (60 mg/kg i.p.) male rats were tested for contractile and neurogenic twitch potentiating (TP, in VD only) effects of all four agonists (1 nM to 0.3 or 3 microM). In diabetic VD, contractile effects of Tyr8-BK, des-Arg9-BK, and SP were enhanced, but ET-1 effects were unchanged. In contrast, TP by des-Arg9-BK was unaffected, that by Tyr8-BK was decreased, and those by SP and ET-1 were increased. In diabetic UB, only contractions to des-Arg9-BK and SP were enhanced. Following insulin replacement (human, 1-3 U/day s.c.), starting 1 week after STZ, TP induced by Tyr8-BK and des-Arg9-BK in VD were further inhibited, but all other changes in both preparations were reversed at least partially. Insulin treatment of nondiabetic rats, however, also affected VD (but not UB) responsiveness, such that contractions to Tyr8-BK and TP by ET-1 were increased, but TP by Tyr8-BK was decreased. Thus, STZ-induced type I diabetes causes important alterations in responsiveness of non-vascular smooth muscle tissues of the rat to BK, SP, and ET-1. Long term insulin replacement, at doses normalising glycaemia, effectively reversed most changes in VD or UB responsiveness, but it is unclear if this is truly due to blocking of STZ-induced changes, since the treatment also affected responsiveness of nondiabetic tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A H M Cardozo
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ferreira J, Campos MM, Pesquero JB, Araújo RC, Bader M, Calixto JB. Evidence for the participation of kinins in Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammatory and nociceptive responses in kinin B1 and B2 receptor knockout mice. Neuropharmacology 2001; 41:1006-12. [PMID: 11747905 DOI: 10.1016/s0028-3908(01)00142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were designed to investigate the role of kinin B(1) and B(2) receptors in Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced inflammation and nociception responses by the use of B(1) and B(2) null mutant mice. Intradermal (i.d.) injection of CFA produced time-dependent and marked hyperalgesic responses in both ipsilateral and contralateral paws of wild-type mice. Gene disruption of the kinin B(2) receptor did not interfere with CFA-induced hyperalgesia, but ablation of the gene of the B(1) receptor reduced the hyperalgesia in both ipsilateral (48+/-13%, at 12 h) and contralateral (91+/-22%, at 12 h) paws. Treatment of wild-type mice with the selective B(1) antagonist des-Arg(9)-[Leu(8)]-BK (150 nmol/kg, s.c.) reduced CFA-evoked thermal hyperalgesia, to an extent which was similar to that observed in mice lacking kinin B(1) receptor. I.d. injection of CFA produced a time-related and long-lasting (up to 72 h) increase in paw volume in wild-type mice. A similar effect was observed in B(1) knockout mice. In mice lacking B(2) receptor, the earlier stage of the CFA-induced paw oedema (6 h) was significantly greater compared with the wild-type animals, an effect which was almost completely reversed (76+/-5%) by des-Arg(9)-[Leu(8)]-BK. This data demonstrates that kinin B(1) receptor, but not B(2) receptor, exerts a critical role in controlling the persistent inflammatory hyperalgesia induced by CFA in mice, while B(2) receptor appears to have only a minor role in the amplification of the earlier stage of CFA-induced paw oedema formation. The results of the present study, taken together with those of previous studies, suggest that B(1) receptor antagonists represent a potential target for the development of new drugs to treat persistent inflammatory pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, UFSC, SC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Pinheiro RM, Campos MM, Calixto JB. Analysis of the mechanisms involved in the inflammatory response induced by des-Arg9-bradykinin in the rat pleural cavity. Inflamm Res 2001; 50:570-6. [PMID: 11766997 DOI: 10.1007/pl00000235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study investigates some of the mechanisms underlying the inflammatory responses caused by the selective B1 kinin receptor agonist, des-Arg9-bradykinin (des-Arg9-BK), in the rat pleural cavity. MATERIAL Male Wistar rats were used (N = 4-10 per group). TREATMENT A fixed volume (100 microl) of PBS or des-Arg9-BK (10-60 nmol) was injected into the rat pleural cavity. Animals were treated with the B1 des-Arg9[Leu8]-BK (60 nmol/cav.) and R715 (65 nmol/cav.), B2 HOE 140 (3 nmol/cav.), NK1 FK888 (1 nmol/cav.), NK2 SR 48968 (20 nmol/cav) or NK3 SR142801 (10 nmol/cav.) receptor antagonists, or with either cyproheptadine (40 mg/kg, i.p.) or compound 48/80 (0.6 mg/kg, i.p., twice a day/3 days, 1.2 mg/kg/4th day). RESULTS des-Arg9-BK (30 nmol/cavity) induced a time-dependent leukocyte migration. The increase in total leukocytes was not significantly reduced by the treatment with any of the B1, B2, NK1, NK2 or NK3 receptor antagonists. Treatment of animals with cyproheptadine or with compound 48/80 markedly inhibited des-Arg9-BK-induced cell migration (77 +/- 7 and 82 +/- 4%, respectively). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that inflammatory responses caused by the B1 agonist des-Arg9-BK in the rat pleural cavity are mediated by a receptor-independent mechanism, being largely dependent on the activation of resident mast cells and release of histamine and/or serotonin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R M Pinheiro
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopólis, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
This short review focuses on the most recent findings in the rapidly expanding field of kinin research. Through a series of recent publications, the crucial relevance of this group of peptides as mediators of inflammatory pain is becoming increasingly evident. On the strength of this idea, kinins have been implicated as algogen peptides produced in response to noxious stimuli. The importance of kinins has been elucidated by different pharmacological and molecular approaches. Special attention has been given to studies with selective kinin antagonists, as well as to the use of receptor gene deletion technology. The gathering of results has demonstrated that both B(1) and B(2) receptors seem to exert a meaningful role during nociceptive responses, the B(1) receptor being most relevant in the chronic stages of inflammatory pain. It is hoped that new effective and useful therapeutic agents, mainly B(1) kinin selective receptor antagonists, might soon be available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Calixto
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88015-420 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
This paper introduces S-TREE (Self-Organizing Tree), a family of models that use unsupervised learning to construct hierarchical representations of data and online tree-structured vector quantizers. The S-TREE1 model, which features a new tree-building algorithm, can be implemented with various cost functions. An alternative implementation, S-TREE2, which uses a new double-path search procedure, is also developed. The performance of the S-TREE algorithms is illustrated with data clustering and vector quantization examples, including a Gauss-Markov source benchmark and an image compression application. S-TREE performance on these tasks is compared with the standard tree-structured vector quantizer (TSVQ) and the generalized Lloyd algorithm (GLA). The image reconstruction quality with S-TREE2 approaches that of GLA while taking less than 10% of computer time. S-TREE1 and S-TREE2 also compare favorably with the standard TSVQ in both the time needed to create the codebook and the quality of image reconstruction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Campos
- Center for Adaptive Systems, Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems, Boston University, MA 02215, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Alves G, Heller A, Fiedler W, Campos MM, Claussen U, Ornellas AA, Liehr T. Genetic imbalances in 26 cases of penile squamous cell carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2001; 31:48-53. [PMID: 11284035 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain more information on chromosomal changes in the up-to-now poorly studied tumor class of penile squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we performed a comparative genomic hybridization study of 26 cases of this rare tumor. DNA sequence copy number alterations (CNAs) very similar to those detected in other SCC types, such as oral and esophageal SCC, were noted. The most common copy number gains were found in 8q24, 16p11-12, 20q11-13, 22q, 19q13, and 5p15, and the most common deletions were detected in 13q21-22, 4q21-32, and along the X chromosome. Classifying the patients according to the number of CNAs showed a possible correlation with clinical outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Alves
- Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Campos MM, Cabrini DA, Cardozo AH, Rae GA, Toro JH, Calixto JB. Changes in paw oedema triggered via bradykinin B(1) and B(2) receptors in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 416:169-77. [PMID: 11282127 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)00883-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated hind paw oedema mediated by bradykinin B(1) and B(2) receptors in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Paw oedema induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of bradykinin or the selective bradykinin B(2) receptor agonist, Tyrosine(8)-bradykinin ([Tyr(8)]bradykinin) (both 3 nmol/paw), was significantly reduced at 4 weeks after streptozotocin treatment (34 +/- 8% and 40 +/- 7%). At 6 weeks after streptozotocin, when paw oedema caused by substance P or prostaglandin E(2) (both 10 nmol/paw) was unchanged, inhibition of bradykinin B(2) receptor-mediated oedema was maximal (66 +/- 6% and 72 +/ -2%, for bradykinin and [Tyr(8)]bradykinin, respectively). The selective bradykinin B(1) receptor agonist, [des-Arg(9)]bradykinin (100 nmol/paw), induced only slight paw oedema in non-diabetic controls. Responses to [des-Arg(9)]bradykinin were markedly enhanced 8 weeks after streptozotocin (from 0.09 +/- 0.01 to 0.38 +/- 0.05 ml), less so at 10 weeks (0.22 +/- 0.03 ml), and returning to basal values at 12 weeks (0.11 +/- 0.03 ml). Treatment with insulin protamine zinc (1-3 U/day/7 weeks, s.c.) did not reverse the inhibition of responses to [Tyr(8)]bradykinin or the potentiation of responses to [des-Arg(9)]bradykinin seen at 8 weeks. Thus, streptozotocin-induced diabetes induces long-lasting alterations in oedematogenic responsiveness to kinins in the rat, characterized by marked reduction of oedema involving activation of bradykinin B(2) receptors, associated with enhancement of bradykinin B(1) receptor-mediated oedema.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Ferreira Lima, 82, 88015-420, SC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Campos MM, de Souza MH, Pires V, Scheiner MA, Esteves EB, Ornellas AA. Clinical implications of natural killer cytotoxicity in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Nat Immun 2001; 16:256-62. [PMID: 11061593 DOI: 10.1159/000069451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Impairment of natural cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer (NK) cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of penile carcinoma. The aim of this study was to examine the NK activity profile and its prognostic significance in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. The NK activity was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 39 patients diagnosed histologically as having invasive squamous cell penile carcinoma and 4 patients with verrucous carcinoma of the penis. Of 39 patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 4 had undergone previous penile amputation. According to the prognosis, the patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma were divided into two groups: with metastasis and without metastasis. The patients were evaluated in relation to clinicopathologic variables using univariate analyses. NK cell activity was significantly decreased in all patients with penile carcinoma when compared with the control groups (p < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with and without metastasis. We conclude that there is a decrease in NK activity in PBMCs from patients with penile carcinoma and that the presence of advanced disease or metastatic involvement is not responsible for this reduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Campos
- Basic Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Alves G, Fiedler W, Guenther E, Nascimento P, Campos MM, Ornellas AA. Determination of telomerase activity in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Int J Oncol 2001; 18:67-70. [PMID: 11115540 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.18.1.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomerase activity was studied in 51 penile carcinomas, and detected in all samples from 3 patients with verrucous carcinoma, in 85.4% (41/48) of invasive carcinomas, in 81.8% (9/11) of adjacent non-cancerous skin and in 80% (8/10) of adjacent non-cancerous corpus cavernosum. All skin and corpus cavernosum samples from patients with prostatic carcinoma were found to be telomerase negative. Our results indicate a correlation between frequency of telomerase activity and grade of penile carcinoma. The finding of telomerase activity in skin and corpus cavernosum samples adjacent to tumor suggests that unidentified local factors may modulate telomerase activity in normal tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Alves
- Divisão de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, 20230-130 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The aim of this article is to furnish a brief review of the role played by neurokinins in the inflammatory process. Further attention is given to the mechanisms, as well as to the receptor subtypes involved in neurokinin-mediated inflammation, in an attempt to clarify the participation of neurokinins in different models of acute and chronic inflammation. The involvement of SP, NKA and NKB is also examined in relation to the major signs of inflammation, including edema formation, protein plasma extravasation and vasodilatation. Finally, we provide a general overview on the potential clinical applications of neurokinin antagonists, along with the involvement of neurokinins in human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88015-420 &ndash, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Campos MM, Fernández E, Marques MJ, Cordeiro A. [Detection of antiplatelet antibodies. The first one hundred samples studied]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 2000; 13:265-71. [PMID: 11234490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Two types of platelet alloantigens are considered: type I, which refers to platelet alloantigens shared by platelets and other cells; and type II, which comprises the platelet-specific alloantigens. The Human Platelet Alloantigens (HPA) System consists of five diallelic alloantigens and eleven low frequency antigens. According to serological antigen capture assays, immunochemical methods and studies of Molecular Genetics, the glycoproteins (GP) of platelet membrane that are most frequently associated with antibodies are GPIIb-IIIa, GPIb-IX and GPIa-IIa. It is possible to detect platelet antibodies using different laboratory methods. Our experience was restricted to a solid phase system. In this method we used the indirect technique for the screening of alloantibodies and the direct technique for the detection of autoantibodies. The procedure with chloroquine solution was performed in order to differentiate between the presence of HLA and non-HLA platelet specific antibodies. Our comments are based on results obtained in a hundred samples tested throughout a period of eleven months and we briefly review the clinical features related to the diagnosis of autoimmune and alloimmune thrombocytopenia, drug-induced thrombocytopenia and other different factors of platelet destruction. The concepts of transfusional practice applied to emergency situations, platelet refractoriness strategy and the comprehensive management of patients are approached in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Campos
- Serviço de Imuno-Hemoterapia, Hospital de Curry Cabral, Lisboa
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ferreira PK, Campos MM, Calixto JB. The role of sensorial neuropeptides in the edematogenic responses mediated by B(1) agonist des-Arg(9)-BK in rats pre-treated with LPS. Regul Pept 2000; 89:29-35. [PMID: 10771310 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(00)00094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we have investigated some of the mechanisms underlying B(1) kinin receptor-induced paw edema formation in rats that had been treated with LPS, paying special attention to the involvement of neurogenic inflammation. Intradermal (i.d.) injection of the B(1) receptor agonist des-Arg(9)-BK (100 nmol/paw) resulted in a marked increase in paw volume in animals pre-treated with LPS (0.40+/-0.06 ml). The co-injection of the selective NK(1) FK888 (1 nmol/paw) or NK(2) SR 48968 (3 nmol/paw) receptor antagonists resulted in a significant inhibition of the edema induced by des-Arg(9)-BK (30+/-4 and 25+/-7%, respectively). The NK(3) SR 142801 (3 nmol/paw) antagonist did not demonstrate any significant effect on B(1) receptor-mediated paw edema. The edema induced by des-Arg(9)-BK was also significantly inhibited (33+/-5%) by the co-injection of the CGRP-receptor antagonist CGRP 8-37 (1 nmol/paw) or by treatment of animals with capsaicin (50 mgkg(-1), s.c., 48 h, prior) (45+/-4%). The pre-treatment of animals with methysergide or with mianserin, 5-HT(1) and 5HT(2) antagonists, respectively (both 10 mgkg(-1), i.p. 30 min), resulted in a significant reduction of the edema mediated by B(1) receptors (23+/-5 and 20+/-3%, respectively). In addition, compound 48/80 (12 microg/paw, 24 h) significantly reduced des-Arg(9)-induced paw edema in rats pre-treated with LPS (23+/-3%), while the treatment of animals with the H(1) receptor antagonist pyrilamine (10 mgkg(-1), i.p., 30 min) failed to affect the edematogenic responses involving B(1) receptors. Finally, the co-injection of NOS inhibitors L-NAME (100 nmol/paw) or 7-NINA (10 nmol/paw) did not affect the rat paw edema caused by des-Arg(9)-BK, whereas they significantly inhibited BK-induced paw edema. Jointly, the results of the present study show that the edematogenic response mediated by the activation of B(1) receptors, in animals pre-treated with LPS, involves the release of tachykinins and CGRP, as well as serotonin, while NO and histamine seem not to be involved. Therefore, these data further support the notion that B(1) receptors have an important role in modulating the inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P K Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Rua Ferreira Lima, 82, 88015-420, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ornellas AA, Ornellas MH, Otero L, Simões F, Campos MM, Harab RC, Silva ML. Karyotypic findings in two cases of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinomas of the penis. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1999; 115:77-9. [PMID: 10565306 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(99)00024-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
Intradermal (ID) injection of the natural tachykinins substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA), and neurokinin B (NKB) (0.3-30 nmol) resulted in a marked and dose-related rat paw edema, with mean ED50 values of 2.68 nmol, 1.17 nmol, and 0.80 nmol, respectively. The ID injection of the selective NK1, SP methyl-ester (1-30 nmol), NK2, [beta-Ala8]-neurokinin A4-10) (beta-Ala, 0.3-30 nmol), or NK3, senktide (1-10 nmol) agonists, caused extensive edema formation with mean ED50s of 0.48 nmol, 0.41 nmol, and 0.18 nmol, respectively. The ID injection of the selective NK1 antagonist FK888 (0.1-3 nmol) produced marked inhibition (94%, 52%, and 66%, respectively) of rat paw edema induced by SP, NKA, or SP methyl-ester. The ID co-injection of the NK2 receptor antagonist SR 48968 elicited a graded inhibition (52%, 67%, and 35%, respectively) of rat paw edema induced by NKA, beta-Ala and, to a lesser extent, the edema caused by SP. Finally, the ID co-injection of the NK, receptor antagonist SR 142801 significantly inhibited (53%, 76%, 53%, and 100%, respectively) the edema formation caused by NKB and NKA or by SP and senktide. Together, the data of the present study suggest that tachykinin-mediated rat paw edema depends on the activation of NK1, NK2 and NK3 receptor subtypes, with apparent major involvement of NK1 receptors subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R V Alves
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
de Souza MH, Diamond HR, Santos MP, Silva ML, de Azevedo AM, Wajnberg H, da Silva TM, Schmidt LDH, Deterling LC, Campos MM, Harab RC, Básica P. Immunophenotypic study of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (a prospective study in Brazilian children). Med Pediatr Oncol 1998; 31:185-6. [PMID: 9722906 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(199809)31:3<185::aid-mpo14>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
39
|
Mendes GL, Santos AR, Campos MM, Tratsk KS, Yunes RA, Cechinel Filho V, Calixto JB. Anti-hyperalgesic properties of the extract and of the main sesquiterpene polygodial isolated from the barks of Drymis winteri (Winteraceae). Life Sci 1998; 63:369-81. [PMID: 9714424 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study analyses the anti-hyperalgesic properties of the hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and the sesquiterpene polygodial isolated from the barks of Drymis winteri (Winteraceae). The HE (10 to 60 mg kg(-1), i.p. or 100 to 600 mg kg(-1), p.o.), 4 h prior, produced significant inhibition of abdominal constrictions caused by i.p. injection of acetic acid, kaolin and zymosan in mice. The mean ID50s were: 21.4, 33.7 and 36.6 mg kg(-1); 173.0, 123.0 and 366.0 mg kg(-1), by i.p. and by oral route, respectively. This effect lasted for up to 8 h. The HE at the same range of doses produced dose-related inhibition of both phases of the formalin-induced licking. The calculated mean ID50s values for the early phase were: 26.1 and 43.0 mg kg(-1), while for the late phase they were 7.3 and 72.7 mg kg(-1), respectively, when given by i.p. and by oral route. The HE (10 to 60 mg kg(-1), i.p. or 25 to 200 mg kg(-1), p.o.), 4 h prior, produced significant inhibition of capsaicin-induced neurogenic pain with mean ID50 values of 18.0 and 68.0 mg kg(-1), respectively. The HE (3 to 100 mg kg(-1), p.o., 1 h) inhibited in a graded manner, the hyperalgesia induced by bradykinin (3 nmol/paw) or substance P (10 nmol/paw) in rat paw, with mean ED50 values of 54.5 and 53.7 mg kg(-1), respectively. However, the HE did not affect the hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan or PGE2. When assessed in the hot-plate test, the HE (200 mg kg(-1), p.o.) was inactive. Naloxone (1 mg kg(-1), i.p.) significantly reversed the antinociceptive effects caused by either morphine (5 mg kg(-1), s.c.) or by HE (60 mg kg(-1), i.p.). Polygodial (0.1 to 10 mg kg(-1), i.p.) produced significant inhibition of acetic acid, kaolin and zymosan-induced writhing in mice, being about 14 to 27-fold more potent than the HE at the ID50 level. Together these data provide support for a long-lasting anti-hyperalgesic property for the active principle(s) present in the barks of D. winteri when assessed in several models of inflammatory or neurogenic pain. Its actions involve, at least in part, an interaction with opioid pathway through a naloxone-sensitive mechanism, seeming not to be related with a non-specific peripheral or central depressant actions. Finally, the sesquiterpene polygodial isolated from this plant, appears to be mainly responsible for the anti-hyperalgesic properties of the extract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Mendes
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ornellas AA, Ornellas MH, Simões F, Soares R, Campos MM, Harab RC, Silva ML. Cytogenetic analysis of an invasive, poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma of the penis. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1998; 101:78-9. [PMID: 9460507 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(97)00228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
41
|
Abstract
The modulatory effects of IL-1beta and TNF alpha on the rat paw edema induced by B1 agonists have been analyzed. In naive rats, i.d. injection of B1 agonists, des-Arg9-bradykinin and des-Arg10-kallidin (up to 300 nmol), causes a minimal increase in paw volume, while the B2 agonist tyrosine8-bradykinin (0.3-10 nmol) induces graded paw edema. The injection of des-Arg9-bradykinin (10-100) nmol or des-Arg10-kallidin (1-100 nmol), in paws pre-treated with IL-1beta or TNF alpha (both 5 ng/paw; 60 and 30 min prior, respectively), caused a graded edema formation. The edemas induced by des-Arg9-bradykinin (100 nmol) were evident at 15 min, reaching the maximum 60 and 30 min after treatment with IL-1beta (0.64 +/- 0.06 ml) or TNF alpha (0.47 +/- 0.05 ml), respectively, being reduced at 360 min. The B1 antagonist des-Arg9-NPC 17731 (1-30 nmol), but not the B2 antagonist Hoe 140 (10 nmol), produced marked inhibition of des-Arg9-bradykinin-induced paw edema. Dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, s.c., 4 h) or cycloheximide (1.5 mg/kg, s.c., 6 h) significantly prevented the edema caused by des-Arg9-bradykinin (100 nmol) in rats treated with IL-1beta (81 +/- 5% and 59 +/- 3%) or TNF alpha (78 +/- 4% and 43 +/- 2%). Indomethacin (2 mg/kg, i.p.) or meloxicam (3 mg/kg, i.p.), 1 h prior, significantly reduced the edema induced by des-Arg9-bradykinin (100 nmol) in IL-1beta (40 +/- 6% and 69 +/- 8%) or TNF alpha (43 +/- 3% and 53 +/- 9%) treated rats. It is suggested that i.d. injection of the IL-1beta or TNF alpha, produced up-regulation of B1 receptor-mediated paw edema, being this effect sensitive to dexamethasone and cycloheximide and to cyclo-oxygenase pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tratsk KS, Campos MM, Vaz ZR, Filho VC, Schlemper V, Yunes RA, Calixto JB. Anti-allergic effects and oedema inhibition caused by the extract of Drymis winteri. Inflamm Res 1997; 46:509-14. [PMID: 9459082 DOI: 10.1007/s000110050234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the acute anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of an extract of D. winteri. MATERIAL AND METHODS Paw oedema induced in rats with various stimuli and anaphylactic shock in mice. RESULTS The hydroalcoholic extract (HE) of D. winteri (Winteraceae) (30 to 100 mg/kg, p.o., 1 h prior) inhibited carrageenan (300 micrograms/paw) and dextran (100 micrograms/paw)-induced paw oedema formation in a dose-dependent manner, with mean ID50 values of 49 and < 30 mg/kg, respectively. The HE of D. winteri (30 to 100 mg/kg) also inhibited paw oedema induced by bradykinin (BK) (3 nmol), substance P (SP) (10 nmol) and PAF-acether (PAF) (10 nmol), in a dose-dependent manner, with mean ID50 values of 56, 63, and 58 mg/kg, respectively. However, the HE inhibited the rat paw oedema induced by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (10 nmol) (29 +/- 7 and 33 +/- 2% at 60 and 240 min) to a smaller extent, and had no effect on oedema elicited by histamine (100 nmol). In adrenalectomized animals, the inhibition by the HE of D. winteri (100 mg/kg, p.o., 1 h prior) of BK-elicited oedema (3 nmol/paw) was significantly smaller when compared with that observed in control animals. When assessed in rats actively sensitised to ovalbumin (OVO), the oedema caused by OVO (6 micrograms/paw) was significantly inhibited by HE of D. winteri (30 to 100 mg/kg, p.o.), with a mean ID50 of about 65 mg/kg. The HE of D. winteri (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased survival rate when assessed in anaphylactic shock in mice actively sensitised to the antigen. The protective effect was long-lasting, being observed for up to 15 h. Dexamethasone, used as positive control (0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg) produced a long-lasting (up to 24 h) increase in the survival rate of the animals. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm and extend our previous studies, and demonstrate the clear oral anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties of the active principle(s) present in the barks of D. winteri, thus confirming its reported medicinal use in folk medicine for the management of airway diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K S Tratsk
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Campos MM, Henriques MG, Calixto JB. The role of B1 and B2 kinin receptors in oedema formation after long-term treatment with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Br J Pharmacol 1997; 120:502-8. [PMID: 9031756 PMCID: PMC1564478 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0700914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The present study was designed to investigate the influence of long-term systemic treatment with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG, 1 dose per animal, containing 6 x 10(4) colony-forming-units (CFu), 5 to 75 days beforehand) on oedema formation induced by intradermal injection of B1 and B2 selective agonists. The interaction between the B1 agonist des-Arg9-bradykinin and bradykinin was also investigated. 2. Intradermal injection (i.d.) of the B2 selective agonist tyrosine8-bradykinin (1-10 nmol) in naive (saline pretreated) animals, or in animals that had received BCG (30 days beforehand), caused dose-related and very similar oedema formation (ED50; 1.1 and 1.0 nmol/paw, respectively). I.d. injection of the selective B1 agonists des-Arg9-bradykinin (100 nmol) or des-Arg10-kallidin in naive animals caused very little paw oedema (0.04 +/- 0.06 and 0.07 +/- 0.02 ml, respectively, n = 5). However, i.d. injection of des-Arg9-bradykinin (10-300 nmol) or des-Arg10-kallidin (3-100 nmol) in animals pretreated with BCG, 30 days previously, resulted in dose-related and marked oedema formation, with mean ED50 values of 20.1 and 5.5 nmol/paw, respectively. 3. Oedema caused by i.d. injection of des-Arg9-bradykinin (100 nmol/paw) in rats pretreated with BCG was evident 5 days after treatment, reaching the maximum 30 days later, remaining stable for up to 45 days, and reduced markedly at 75 days. 4. The i.d. co-injection of the selective B1 antagonists des-Arg9[Leu8]-bradykinin (200 nmol), des-Arg10[Leu9]-bradykinin (30 nmol) and des-Arg9-NPC 17731 (30 nmol) significantly (18 +/- 3, 34 +/- 2 and 56 +/- 4%, respectively) prevented the paw oedema caused by i.d. injection of des-Arg9-bradykinin (100 nmol) in rats treated with BCG. These effects were selective, because the i.d. injection of the B1 selective antagonist des-Arg10[Leu9]-kallidin (30 nmol), at the same dose that consistently antagonized des-Arg9-bradykinin (100 nmol)-mediated paw oedema, had no significant effect against tyrosine8-bradykinin (3 nmol)-induced oedema in animals that had been treated previously with BCG. On the other hand, the i.d. co-injection of the selective B2 antagonist, Hoe 140 (10 nmol) at a dose which markedly inhibited tyrosine8-bradykinin (3 nmol)-induced oedema by 55 +/- 4%, did not significantly affect des-Arg9-bradykinin-induced paw oedema in animals pretreated with BCG. 5. Treatment of animals with dexamethasone (0.5 mg kg-1, s.c.) every 24 h, from day 0 to day 30, inhibited significantly (67 +/- 4%) the oedema caused by des-Arg9-bradykinin (100 nmol), but did not affect the paw oedema caused by tyrosine8-bradykinin (3 nmol) in animals pretreated with BCG. 6. Indomethacin (2 mg kg-1, i.p.), administered 1 h before experiments, significantly inhibited des-Arg9-bradykinin (100 nmol)-induced oedema formation, and, to a lesser extent, the paw oedema caused by tyrosine8-bradykinin (3 nmol) (44 +/- 4 and 20 +/- 4%, respectively). 7. These findings show that the long-term systemic treatment of rats with BCG promoted a time-dependent and consistent paw oedema formation to B1 agonists, des-Arg9-bradykinin and des-Arg10-kallidin, leaving responses to the B2 agonist tyrosine8-bradykinin unaffected. The upregulation of B1 receptors after BCG treatment was inhibited by dexamethasone, suggesting the possible involvement of de novo protein synthesis. Finally, our results also show that in BCG-treated animals, the B1 agonist des-Arg9-bradykinin interacts in a synergistic manner with bradykinin. Therefore, both B1 and B2 kinin receptors appear to play a relevant role in modulating chronic inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Campos MM, Arruda J, Eliias Gilio A, Ejzenberg B, Baldacci E, Okay Y. Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm: an unusual complication of pericarditis and Staphylococcus aureus septicemia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1996; 15:380-2. [PMID: 8866814 DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199604000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Campos
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Campos MM, Souza GE, Calixto JB. Upregulation of B1 receptor mediating des-Arg9-BK-induced rat paw oedema by systemic treatment with bacterial endotoxin. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 117:793-8. [PMID: 8851492 PMCID: PMC1909403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15262.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The effect of pretreatment with bacterial endotoxin (LPS, 10 micrograms, i.v., 24 h) on the bradykinin B1 and B2 receptor-induced oedema in the rat paw, and the interaction of B1-mediated responses with other inflammatory mediators, was investigated. 2. Intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of the selective B1 agonist, des-Arg9-BK (DABK, 100 nmol) in naive animals pretreated with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril caused a small increase in paw volume (0.04 +/- 0.003 ml, mean +/- s.e. mean, n = 6), while the B2-selective agonist, tyrosine8-bradykinin (T-BK, 3 nmol) induced marked oedema (0.36 +/- 0.02 ml). However, i.pl. injection of DABK (3-300 nmol) in rats pretreated with LPS (24 h beforehand) resulted in a marked dose- and time-related increase in paw volume, with mean ED50 of 24.1 nmol. In contrast, oedema caused by T-BK (3 nmol) was reduced by 79 +/- 4% in animals treated with LPS when compared with naive animals. 3. Oedema caused by prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 10 nmol) was unaffected by LPS treatment, while oedema induced by histamine (100 nmol), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 10 nmol) and substance P (SP, 3 nmol) was reduced (P < 0.05). 4. The selective B1 antagonist, des-Arg9[Leu8]-BK (100-300 nmol), produced dose-dependent inhibition of DABK (100 nmol)-induced paw oedema in LPS-treated animals with mean IC50 of 134 nmol, while the selective B2 antagonists, Hoe 140 and NPC 17731 (each 10 nmol), had no effect. 5. Treatment of animals with dexamethasone (0.5 mg kg-1, s.c.) 24 or 48 h prior to LPS injection resulted in a graded inhibition of DABK (100 nmol)-induced oedema formation (58 +/- 3 and 82 +/- 2%, respectively), and almost reversed to control value oedema formation induced by T-BK (3 nmol) in LPS-pretreated rats. Cycloheximide (1 mg kg-1, s.c.) or indomethacin (2 mg kg-1, i.p.) pretreatment 24 and 1 h prior to LPS injection, respectively, markedly inhibited DABK (100 nmol)-induced paw oedema (98 +/- 2 and 50 +/- 4%, respectively). 6. Intraplantar injection of submaximal dose of DABK (10 nmol) in LPS-treated rats produced modest paw oedema (0.09 +/- 0.03 ml). However, i.pl. injections of PGE2, prostacyclin (PGI2), calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP), SP, 5-HT, or platelet activating factor (PAF) (each 1 nmol), which alone caused little or no paw oedema, resulted in a potentiation of the DABK-induced oedema. The increases in paw volume (in ml) were: PGE2 + DABK (0.31 +/- 0.03), PGI2 + DABK (0.39 +/- 0.02), CGRP+DABK (0.35 +/- 0.04), DABK+SP (0.33 +/- 0.04), DABK + 5-HT (0.40 +/- 0.02) and DABK+PAF (0.38 +/- 0.016) ml. In contrast, histamine (1 nmol) was ineffective in potentiating the response to DABK. 7. The selective B1 receptor antagonist, DALBK (100-300 nmol), produced dose-dependent inhibition of paw oedema potentiation induced by co-injection of DABK and other mediators with mean ID50S (nmol) of: 180, 160, 139 and 135 in the presence of PGE2, PGI2, SP and 5-HT, respectively. 8. These results demonstrate that DABK-induced increase in paw volume in LPS-treated rats is probably mediated by induction of B1 receptors, associated with downregulation of B2 receptors. The induction of B1 receptors by LPS is sensitive to dexamethasone and cycloheximide treatment and requires activation of cyclo-oxygenase pathway. In addition, B1 receptors, when upregulated following LPS treatment, can interact in a synergistic manner with several inflammatory mediators such as PGI2, PGE2, CGRP, PAF and 5-HT. Such results indicate that induction of the B1 receptor might have a significant pathophysiological role in modulating chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Campos MM, Mata LV, Calixto JB. Expression of B1 kinin receptors mediating paw edema and formalin-induced nociception. Modulation by glucocorticoids. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1995; 73:812-9. [PMID: 8846414 DOI: 10.1139/y95-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK) and Tyr8-BK induced graded rat paw edema with EC50 values of 1.9 and 1.1 nmol/paw, while des-Arg9-BK (DABK, up to 300 nmol/paw) was marginally effective. Tyr8-BK, but not DABK, also caused a dose-related increase in mouse paw edema, with an EC50 of 1.3 nmol/paw. The response to Tyr8-BK (10 nmol/paw) in rat paw edema was antagonized by B2 receptor antagonists (HOE-140 or NPC 17731, 30 nmol/paw) but not by the B1 antagonist des-Arg9[Leu8]BK (DALBK, 100 nmol/paw). Daily intraplantar injections of Tyr8-BK (10 nmol/paw) for 7 days caused progressive desensitization (D) of edema in sham-operated and adrenalectomized Wistar rats. DABK (100 nmol/paw) caused marked paw edema in D paws from both groups, which was inhibited by DALBK (100 nmol/paw) and by dexamethasone (0.5mg/kg, s.c.). Systemic injection of lipopolysaccharide (10 micrograms/mouse, 24 h prior) potentiated the first and second phases of Formalin-induced pain but had no effect on paw edema. Coinjection of DABK (2-22 nmol/paw) with low doses of Formalin in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice, which had no effect on naive animals, dose dependently potentiated both phases of Formalin-induced pain but did not modify paw edema. These effects were antagonized by DALBK with ID50 values of 21.9 (first phase) and 64.1 (second phase) nmol/paw. Thus, both progressive desensitization of B2 receptors and systemic treatment with lipopolysaccharide induce a glucocorticoid-sensitive upregulation of B1 receptors mediating paw edema in the rat and Formalin-induced nociception in mice. These results suggest that induction of upregulation of B1 receptors may play important roles in controlling inflammatory processes and hyperalgesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Diamond HR, Souza MH, Bouzas LF, Tabak DG, Campos MM, Câmara FP, Rumjanek VM. Deficit of T-cell recovery after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Anticancer Res 1995; 15:1553-60. [PMID: 7654044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The immunological reconstitution that follows bone marrow transplantation (BMT) was studied in 40 leukaemia patients: 19 with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), 12 with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and the remaining 9 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The recovery of the CML group was slower than that of the ALL and AML groups. This difference was produced by the T cell compartment, as NK cell activity and B cell numbers did not differ significantly. Factors such as conditioning treatment and graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis were analysed. Our experience suggests that all leukaemia patients should not be considered as one group when analysing their immunological reconstitution, as factors related to the original disease may affect their outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H R Diamond
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Campos MM, Miranda MJ, Fleming R, Galvão M. Change of the antigenic Le(a) expression in pregnancy. Vox Sang 1995; 68:254. [PMID: 7660649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.1995.tb02586.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
49
|
Abstract
1. The mechanisms involved in bradykinin (BK)-induced oedema in the rat paw as well as the interactions between BK and several inflammatory mediators, have been investigated. 2. Intraplantar injection of BK (1 nmol/paw) in rats pretreated with captopril (5 mg kg-1, s.c.) caused a small amount of oedema formation (0.17 +/- 0.05 ml). Des-Arg9-BK (DABK, a selective B1 receptor agonist) up to 300 nmol/paw caused minimal oedema (0.03 +/- 0.01 ml). 3. Co-administration of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), prostaglandin I2 (PGI2), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), substance P (SP) or platelet activating factor (PAF) (1 pmol-1 nmol/paw) with BK (1 nmol/paw) dose-dependently potentiated BK-induced paw oedema. The rank order of potency (mean ED50, pmol/paw) for this effect was: SP (8.1) > PAF (13.7) > PGI2 (20.5) > 5-HT (23.8) > CGRP (25.7) > PGE2 (52.0). Co-administration of BK with the various inflammatory mediators resulted in maximal paw oedemas (ml) of: PGE2 (0.71 +/- 0.02); PGI2 (0.66 +/- 0.02); 5-HT (0.65 +/- 0.01); SP (0.63 +/- 0.05); CGRP (0.60 +/- 0.05) and PAF (0.47 +/- 0.02) ml. Histamine (up to 1 nmol/paw) was ineffective in potentiating the response to BK. 4. Hoe 140 or NPC 17731 (two selective B2 receptor antagonists, 0.1-3 nmol/paw) produced dose-dependent inhibition of paw oedema potentiation induced by co-injection of BK with other mediators with the following mean ID50s (nmol/paw): Hoe 140-1.4; 1.3; 1.5 and 1.1 and NPC 17731-1.0; 1.0; 0.9 and 0.7; in the presence of PGE2, PGI2, CGRP and SP, respectively. The selective B1 receptor antagonist des-Arg9 [Leu8]-BK (DALBK, up to 300 nmol/paw) had no effect.5. Daily intraplantar injections of BK (10 nmol/paw) once a day for 7 consecutive days caused a progressive and complete desensitization of the paw oedema, which was specific for BK, since paw oedema induced by PAF, PGE2, SP or histamine was not affected. In addition, the oedema caused by BK in the paw desensitized to the peptide was almost completely reversed if BK was co-injected with PGE2, PGI2 or SP (1 nmol/paw). Injection of PGE2 or SP (10 nmol/paw) together with the first BK injection (1O nmol/paw), partially prevented BK-induced desensitization.6. When animals were completely desensitized to BK, DABK (100nmol/paw) caused paw oedema(0.25 +/- 0.03 ml) which was consistently blocked by the B1 receptor antagonist, DALBK (100 nmol/paw).7. Treatment of animals with dexamethasone (0.5 mg kg-1, s.c., 24 h previously) antagonized paw oedema induced by DABK (100 nmol/paw) in desensitized paws, but not that induced by BK (3 nmol/paw) in naive paws. The steroid also prevented the recovery of oedema seen after co-injection of BK with PGE2 or PGI2 (1 nmol/paw) in desensitized paws.8. These results suggest that both B, and B2 receptors are involved in BK-induced rat paw oedema. The B2 receptors are constitutive, but induction of expression of B, receptors seems to occur only after complete desensitization of the paw to BK. In addition, very low doses of inflammatory mediators markedly potentiate BK-induced paw oedema and can attenuate BK-induced paw oedema desensitization.Such mechanisms may be relevant for the manifestation of acute and chronic inflammatory processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M M Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
de La Rocque L, Campos MM, Olej B, Castilho F, Mediano IF, Rumjanek VM. Inhibition of human LAK-cell activity by the anti-depressant trifluoperazine. Immunopharmacology 1995; 29:1-10. [PMID: 7768666 DOI: 10.1016/0162-3109(95)00037-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The anti-depressive drug trifluoperazine (TFP) was studied on in vitro immune responses. TFP proved to be an inhibitor of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells in its generative step, as well as in its effector phase. Natural killer (NK) activity and interleukin-2 (IL-2) or mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation were just as sensitive to the drug effects, whereas the division of tumor cells was more resistant. The mechanism through which TFP suppresses these lymphocytic systems remains unclear. It does not, however, affect an early stage of cellular activation as the addition of the drug as late as 24 h after the start of the culture was still inhibitory for lymphocyte mitogenesis. Neither the expression of CD25, nor that of CD56 was affected by TFP, and exogenous IL-2 was unable to overcome the suppression of proliferation. In relation to cell-mediated cytotoxicity, TFP partially interfered with the effector/target binding. However, addition of lectin to the assay did not overcome the inhibition of lysis produced by the drug. Although further work remains to be done, the effect of TFP on immune responses must be taken into consideration when treating immunosuppressed patients.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/drug effects
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Binding, Competitive
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/biosynthesis
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunosuppression Therapy
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Lymphokine-Activated/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/pathology
- Leukemia, T-Cell/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Mitogens/pharmacology
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Trifluoperazine/toxicity
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L de La Rocque
- Basic Research Center, National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|