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Sharma SV, Senn M, Zieba A, Tang M, Chuang RJ, Byrd-Williams C, Pomeroy M, Gaminian A, Cox J, French K, Ranjit N. Design, protocol and baseline data of Nurturing Healthy Teachers, a cluster non-randomized controlled trial to improve the health, well-being, and food security of preschool and elementary school teachers in Houston, Texas. Prev Med Rep 2024; 40:102674. [PMID: 38464420 PMCID: PMC10924131 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background We present the conceptual framework, design, and study measures of Nurturing Healthy Teachers, a quasi-experimental study to examine the short- and long-term effectiveness of the Nurturing Healthy Teachers (NHT) nutrition intervention on food insecurity, dietary behaviors, mental health and cardiometabolic health among preschool and elementary school teachers. Methods A convenience sample of 28 elementary schools with pre-kindergarten and elementary classrooms were recruited in Houston, Texas. Nurturing Healthy Teacher intervention includes Brighter Bites, an evidence-based coordinated school health program that combines access to fresh produce and nutrition education, and Create Healthy Futures, a web-based nutrition education program that targets nutrition knowledge, self-efficacy, mindfulness, and social support to create healthy habits among teachers. The primary outcome is food insecurity. Secondary outcomes include diet quality, mental health, and cardiometabolic health. Metabolic markers and skin carotenoid levels were assessed using in-person assessments, while all other measures were obtained via questionnaire. Results At baseline, most of the participants were female, 63 % identified as Hispanic, were highly educated, and had a mean age of 42.6 years. Overall, 50 % of teachers were classified as being obese and 20 % had high cholesterol. At baseline teachers had a mean HbA1c (%) of 5.6 %. Moderate to severe depression was experienced by 18 % of teachers and 23 % of teachers experienced moderate to severe anxiety. Conclusions The results of this study will inform next steps towards future implementation and evaluation of teacher-focused interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreela V. Sharma
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Health Equity, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mackenzie Senn
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Health Equity, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angela Zieba
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Health Equity, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Miao Tang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Health Equity, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ru-Jye Chuang
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Center for Health Equity, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, 1200 Pressler St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Courtney Byrd-Williams
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe St., Austin, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Jill Cox
- Penn State Extension Better Kid Care, 103 Innovation Blvd., Suite 214, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - Katherine French
- Penn State Extension Better Kid Care, 103 Innovation Blvd., Suite 214, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - Nalini Ranjit
- Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, Michael & Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, 1616 Guadalupe St., Austin, TX, USA
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Laguzzi F, Åkesson A, Marklund M, Qian F, Gigante B, Bartz TM, Bassett JK, Birukov A, Campos H, Hirakawa Y, Imamura F, Jäger S, Lankinen M, Murphy RA, Senn M, Tanaka T, Tintle N, Virtanen JK, Yamagishi K, Allison M, Brouwer IA, De Faire U, Eiriksdottir G, Ferrucci L, Forouhi NG, Geleijnse JM, Hodge AM, Kimura H, Laakso M, Risérus U, van Westing AC, Bandinelli S, Baylin A, Giles GG, Gudnason V, Iso H, Lemaitre RN, Ninomiya T, Post WS, Psaty BM, Salonen JT, Schulze MB, Tsai MY, Uusitupa M, Wareham NJ, Oh SW, Wood AC, Harris WS, Siscovick D, Mozaffarian D, Leander K. Role of Polyunsaturated Fat in Modifying Cardiovascular Risk Associated With Family History of Cardiovascular Disease: Pooled De Novo Results From 15 Observational Studies. Circulation 2024; 149:305-316. [PMID: 38047387 PMCID: PMC10798593 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.065530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) modifies the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with a family history of CVD. We assessed interactions between biomarkers of low PUFA intake and a family history in relation to long-term CVD risk in a large consortium. METHODS Blood and tissue PUFA data from 40 885 CVD-free adults were assessed. PUFA levels ≤25th percentile were considered to reflect low intake of linoleic, alpha-linolenic, and eicosapentaenoic/docosahexaenoic acids (EPA/DHA). Family history was defined as having ≥1 first-degree relative who experienced a CVD event. Relative risks with 95% CI of CVD were estimated using Cox regression and meta-analyzed. Interactions were assessed by analyzing product terms and calculating relative excess risk due to interaction. RESULTS After multivariable adjustments, a significant interaction between low EPA/DHA and family history was observed (product term pooled RR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.02-1.16]; P=0.01). The pooled relative risk of CVD associated with the combined exposure to low EPA/DHA, and family history was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.30-1.54), whereas it was 1.25 (95% CI, 1.16-1.33) for family history alone and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.98-1.14) for EPA/DHA alone, compared with those with neither exposure. The relative excess risk due to interaction results indicated no interactions. CONCLUSIONS A significant interaction between biomarkers of low EPA/DHA intake, but not the other PUFA, and a family history was observed. This novel finding might suggest a need to emphasize the benefit of consuming oily fish for individuals with a family history of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Laguzzi
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (F.L., A.A., U.D.F., K.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (F.L., A.A., U.D.F., K.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matti Marklund
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (M.M., W.S.P)
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (M.M.)
| | - Frank Qian
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Boston Medical Center and Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA (F.Q.)
- Department of Nutrition (F.Q.), Boston, MA
| | - Bruna Gigante
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna (B.G.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Traci M. Bartz
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Biostatistics (T.M.B.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Medicine (T.M.B., R.N.L., B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Julie K. Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (J.K.B., A.M.H., G.G.G.)
| | - Anna Birukov
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal (A.K.B., S.J., M.B.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.K.B., S.J., M.B.S.)
| | - Hannia Campos
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (H.C.), Boston, MA
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health and Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.H., T.N.)
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK (F.I., N.G.F., N.J.W.)
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal (A.K.B., S.J., M.B.S.)
| | - Maria Lankinen
- Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (M. Lankinen, J.K.V., M.U.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio
| | - Rachel A. Murphy
- Cancer Control Research, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (R.A.M.)
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (R.A.M.)
| | - Mackenzie Senn
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.S., A.C.W.)
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany (M.B.S.)
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD (T.T., L.F.)
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD (N.T., W.S.H.)
- Department of Population Health Nursing Science, University of Illinois – Chicago (N.T.)
| | - Jyrki K. Virtanen
- Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (M. Lankinen, J.K.V., M.U.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio
| | - Kazumasa Yamagishi
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Medicine (K.Y., H.K.), University of Tsukuba, Japan
- Health Services Research and Development Center (K.Y., H.K.), University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Matthew Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla (M.A.)
| | - Ingeborg A. Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands (I.A.B.)
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, The Netherlands (I.A.B.)
| | - Ulf De Faire
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (F.L., A.A., U.D.F., K.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD (T.T., L.F.)
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK (F.I., N.G.F., N.J.W.)
| | - Johanna M. Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands (J.M.G., A.C.v.W.)
| | - Allison M Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (J.K.B., A.M.H., G.G.G.)
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.M.H., G.G.G.)
| | - Hitomi Kimura
- Department of Public Health Medicine, Institute of Medicine (K.Y., H.K.), University of Tsukuba, Japan
- Health Services Research and Development Center (K.Y., H.K.), University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Markku Laakso
- Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine (M. Laakso), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio
- Kuopio University Hospital (M. Laakso), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.M., U.R)
| | - Anniek C. van Westing
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.S., A.C.W.)
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands (J.M.G., A.C.v.W.)
| | - Stefania Bandinelli
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Florence, Italy (S.B.)
| | - Ana Baylin
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor (A. Baylin)
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia (J.K.B., A.M.H., G.G.G.)
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.M.H., G.G.G.)
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia (G.G.G.)
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur (G.E., V.G.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik (V.G.)
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan (H.I.)
- Institute for Global Health Policy Research, Bureau of International Health Cooperation, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan (H.I.)
| | | | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health and Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (Y.H., T.N.)
| | - Wendy S. Post
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (M.M., W.S.P)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (W.S.P.)
| | - Bruce M. Psaty
- Medicine (T.M.B., R.N.L., B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Epidemiology (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle
- Health Systems and Population Health (B.M.P.), University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jukka T. Salonen
- Metabolic Analytical Services Oy, Helsinki, Finland (J.T.S.)
- University of Helsinki, the Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, Finland (J.T.S.)
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal (A.K.B., S.J., M.B.S.)
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg (A.K.B., S.J., M.B.S.)
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (M.Y.T.)
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institutes of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition (M. Lankinen, J.K.V., M.U.), University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio
| | - Nicholas J. Wareham
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK (F.I., N.G.F., N.J.W.)
| | - Seung-Won Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea (S.W.O.)
| | - Alexis C. Wood
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (M.S., A.C.W.)
| | - William S. Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD (N.T., W.S.H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls (W.S.H.)
| | | | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Food Is Medicine Institute, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA (D.M.)
| | - Karin Leander
- Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine (F.L., A.A., U.D.F., K.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tidey J, Sanchez A, Senn M, Beanland R. Structure of tetragonal tungsten bronze materials by X-ray diffraction and electron techniques. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322093019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Bird T, Chater P, Senn M. Symmetry-adapted pair distribution function analysis. Acta Cryst Sect A 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s2053273322094670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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Lai HT, Imamura F, Korat AVA, Murphy RA, Tintle N, Bassett JK, Chen J, Kröger J, Chien KL, Senn M, Wood AC, Forouhi NG, Schulze MB, Harris WS, Vasan RS, Hu F, Giles GG, Hodge A, Djousse L, Brouwer IA, Qian F, Sun Q, Wu JH, Marklund M, Lemaitre RN, Siscovick DS, Fretts AM, Shadyab AH, Manson JE, Howard BV, Robinson JG, Wallace RB, Wareham NJ, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Tsai MY, Micha R, Mozaffarian D. Trans Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: Pooled Analysis of 12 Prospective Cohort Studies in the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE). Diabetes Care 2022; 45:854-863. [PMID: 35142845 PMCID: PMC9114723 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Trans fatty acids (TFAs) have harmful biologic effects that could increase the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but evidence remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations of TFA biomarkers and T2D by conducting an individual participant-level pooled analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We included data from an international consortium of 12 prospective cohorts and nested case-control studies from six nations. TFA biomarkers were measured in blood collected between 1990 and 2008 from 25,126 participants aged ≥18 years without prevalent diabetes. Each cohort conducted de novo harmonized analyses using a prespecified protocol, and findings were pooled using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was explored by prespecified between-study and within-study characteristics. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 13.5 years, 2,843 cases of incident T2D were identified. In multivariable-adjusted pooled analyses, no significant associations with T2D were identified for trans/trans-18:2, relative risk (RR) 1.09 (95% CI 0.94-1.25); cis/trans-18:2, 0.89 (0.73-1.07); and trans/cis-18:2, 0.87 (0.73-1.03). Trans-16:1n-9, total trans-18:1, and total trans-18:2 were inversely associated with T2D (RR 0.81 [95% CI 0.67-0.99], 0.86 [0.75-0.99], and 0.84 [0.74-0.96], respectively). Findings were not significantly different according to prespecified sources of potential heterogeneity (each P ≥ 0.1). CONCLUSIONS Circulating individual trans-18:2 TFA biomarkers were not associated with risk of T2D, while trans-16:1n-9, total trans-18:1, and total trans-18:2 were inversely associated. Findings may reflect the influence of mixed TFA sources (industrial vs. natural ruminant), a general decline in TFA exposure due to policy changes during this period, or the relatively limited range of TFA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi T.M. Lai
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Andres V. Ardisson Korat
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel A. Murphy
- School of Population & Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Julie K. Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiaying Chen
- Division of Aging, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Janine Kröger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Republic of China
| | - Mackenzie Senn
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Alexis C. Wood
- U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Matthias B. Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - William S. Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Ramachandran S. Vasan
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- The Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA
| | - Frank Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allison Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luc Djousse
- Divisions of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ingeborg A. Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Qian
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jason H.Y. Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matti Marklund
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- The George Institute for Global Health, the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rozenn N. Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Amanda M. Fretts
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Aladdin H. Shadyab
- Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - JoAnn E. Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Barbara V. Howard
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Hyattsville, MD
| | | | | | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
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Murphy RA, Tintle N, Harris WS, Darvishian M, Marklund M, Virtanen JK, Hantunen S, de Mello VD, Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Bolt MA, Brouwer IA, Wood AC, Senn M, Redline S, Tsai MY, Gudnason V, Eiriksdottir G, Lindberg E, Shadyab AH, Liu B, Carnethon M, Uusitupa M, Djousse L, Risérus U, Lind L, van Dam RM, Koh WP, Shi P, Siscovick D, Lemaitre RN, Mozaffarian D. PUFA ω-3 and ω-6 biomarkers and sleep: a pooled analysis of cohort studies on behalf of the Fatty Acids and Outcomes Research Consortium (FORCE). Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 115:864-876. [PMID: 34918026 PMCID: PMC8895226 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND n-3 and n-6 PUFAs have physiologic roles in sleep processes, but little is known regarding circulating n-3 and n-6 PUFA and sleep parameters. OBJECTIVES We sought to assess associations between biomarkers of n-3 and n-6 PUFA intake with self-reported sleep duration and difficulty falling sleeping in the Fatty Acids and Outcome Research Consortium. METHODS Harmonized, de novo, individual-level analyses were performed and pooled across 12 cohorts. Participants were 35-96 y old and from 5 nations. Circulating measures included α-linolenic acid (ALA), EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), DHA, EPA + DPA + DHA, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid. Sleep duration (10 cohorts, n = 18,791) was categorized as short (≤6 h), 7-8 h (reference), or long (≥9 h). Difficulty falling asleep (8 cohorts, n = 12,500) was categorized as yes or no. Associations between PUFAs, sleep duration, and difficulty falling sleeping were assessed by cross-sectional multinomial logistic regression using standardized protocols and covariates. Cohort-specific multivariable-adjusted ORs per quintile of PUFAs were pooled with inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. RESULTS In pooled analysis adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and health status, participants with higher very long-chain n-3 PUFAs were less likely to have long sleep duration. In the top compared with the bottom quintiles, the multivariable-adjusted ORs (95% CIs) for long sleep were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.95) for DHA and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.63, 0.93) for EPA + DPA + DHA. Significant associations for ALA and n-6 PUFA with short sleep duration or difficulty falling sleeping were not identified. CONCLUSIONS Participants with higher concentrations of very long-chain n-3 PUFAs were less likely to have long sleep duration. While objective biomarkers reduce recall bias and misclassification, the cross-sectional design limits assessment of the temporal nature of this relation. These novel findings across 12 cohorts highlight the need for experimental and biological assessments of very long-chain n-3 PUFAs and sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA, USA,Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD, USA,Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | | | - Matti Marklund
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala, Sweden,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sari Hantunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vanessa D de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,National School of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Matthew A Bolt
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA, USA
| | - Ingeborg A Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Amersterdam Public Health Research Institute, De Boelelaan, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexis C Wood
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mackenzie Senn
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Buyun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mercedes Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Luc Djousse
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A *STAR), Singapore
| | - Peilin Shi
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Wendel S, Biagini S, Trigo F, Fontão-Wendel R, Taaning E, Jørgensen J, Riisom K, Krusius T, Koskinen S, Kretschmer V, Karger R, Lawlor E, Okazaki H, Charlewood R, Brand A, Solheim BG, Flesland O, Letowska M, Zupanska B, Muñiz-Diaz E, Nogués N, Senn M, Mansouri-Taleghani B, Chapman CE, Massey E, Navarrete C, Stainsby D, Win N, Williamson LM, Kleinman S, Kopko PM, Silva M, Shulman I, Holness L, Epstein JS. Measures to prevent TRALI. Vox Sang 2007; 92:258-77. [PMID: 17348877 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Wendel
- Hospital Sirio Libanês, Rua Adma Jafet 91, São Paulo, Brazil.
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8
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Several methods of treatment for benign anastomotic strictures after low anterior resection have been described. We report and illustrate a simple, safe, and effective method for treating benign rectal anastomotic strictures by means of a transanal circular stapling device. METHODS Three patients with a clinically significant rectal stricture underwent transanal resection of the fibrous stenosis by a circular stapler device (CEEA stapler 29 or 31 mm calibre; Tyco Co., USA). RESULTS No complications occurred. Patients were discharged from the hospital on the first postoperative day. After a follow-up period of 8, 12 and 14 months respectively, no recurrence of the stricture was observed. The stool habits of all 3 patients were normal with 1-3 formed, asymptomatic fecal passages per day. CONCLUSION Transanal reanastomosis by means of a circular stapler device is a simple and effective method. However, a larger number of patients need to be treated with this relatively new method to draw further conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pabst
- Department of General Surgery, Kantonsspital Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen, Switzerland
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9
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Saoud M, Senn M, Daléry J. Les sciences cognitives ouvrent-elles des voies thérapeutiques dans la schizophrénie ? Encephale 2006; 32:S903-6; discussion S907. [PMID: 17119501 DOI: 10.1016/s0013-7006(06)76260-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Saoud
- CHS Le Vinatier, 95, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron cedex
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10
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Jenet A, Fernandez-Rivera S, Tegegne A, Wettstein HR, Senn M, Saurer M, Langhans W, Kreuzer M. Evidence for Different Nutrient Partitioning in Boran (Bos indicus) and Boran�נHolstein Cows When Re-allocated from Low to High or from High to Low Feeding Level. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 53:383-93. [PMID: 16970626 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2006.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that purebred Boran (Bos indicus) cows and crossbreds of Boran and Holstein respond differently to long-term changes of feeding level in nutrient partitioning to milk and body fat stores. A total of 27 cows of these two genotypes were subjected either to a low or a high feeding level from their first oestrus as heifers until birth of their third calf. Half of the cows of each genotype were then switched to the other feeding level during the third reproduction cycle. If at all, Boran cows responded to a change in the feeding level almost exclusively by a corresponding change in body weight but not milk yield. Crossbred cows kept continuously on the low feeding level had a lower milk yield than those continuously fed the high level, but lost similar amounts of body weight. In crossbred cows, changing the feeding level from high to low was accompanied by a mobilization of body reserves, whereas a change from low to high level resulted mostly in an increase in milk yield. Certain other genotype differences in metabolic response were obvious from differences in body composition and from the metabolic profile either reflected in blood (particularly insulin-like growth factor I) or in adipose tissue (lipoprotein lipase). Reproductive performance differed between genotypes, with shorter lactations associated with earlier occurrences of the first oestrus in the Boran cows. Generally, feeding history appeared to have at least as much influence on energy partitioning as the actual feeding level. In conclusion, purebred Boran cows seem to react to long-term food fluctuations mainly by mobilizing and restoring body fat reserves, whereas cows crossbred with Holstein tend to spend extra energy preferentially for milk production.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jenet
- International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), PO Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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11
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Jenet A, Fernandez-Rivera S, Kreuzer M, Langhans W, Werling D, Saurer M, Senn M. Relationship of body fat stores and leptin expression in
adipose tissue in African cows of different genotype. J Anim Feed Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/73949/2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Jenet A, Fernandez-Rivera S, Wettstein H, Kreuzer M, Langhans W, Werling D, Senn M. Effect of feeding history on milk production and
plasma IGF-1 level in indigenous Ethiopian
and crossbred cows. J Anim Feed Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/73975/2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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13
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Kröber TF, Kreuzer M, Senn M, Langhans W, Sutter F. Lactational and metabolic effects in cows of lysine and methionine added to a ration deficient according to the I.N.R.A. method. Arch Tierernahr 2001; 53:375-94. [PMID: 11195908 DOI: 10.1080/17450390009381959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The effects of adding lysine and/or methionine to a ration of calculated deficiency in these amino acids of 10% and 20%, respectively, were studied in 24 Brown Swiss cows. The mixed rations (27% grass silage, 19% maize silage, 5% hay and 49% concentrate on DM basis) contained 14.5% CP on average. Lysine supply was selectively elevated by adding fish meal in exchange for other concentrate ingredients. Methionine was supplied in a rumen-protected form. Milk protein content was elevated whereas fat amount decreased by adding both amino acids. Lactose content increased without additional lysine from fish meal. Live weight, milk yield, milk fat content and protein amount remained unaffected by any variation of amino acids supply. Also nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance were not changed by the treatments. Blood plasma concentrations confirmed the assumed variation in metabolic lysine and, less clear, methionine supply. Effects on plasma concentrations of other amino acids were relatively small. Most plasma hormones and enzymes, and metabolites in plasma, urine and milk did not respond to the variation in amino acid supply. Lysine addition via fish meal increased aspartate amino transferase and decreased urinary allantoin concentration. Additional methionine elevated plasma ornithine. Overall lysine and methionine appear to have been only marginally deficient in the unsupplemented ration fed for 3 weeks despite the deficiency of 10% to 20% as calculated by the I.N.R.A. method.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Kröber
- Group of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Steiger Burgos M, Senn M, Sutter F, Kreuzer M, Langhans W. Effect of water restriction on feeding and metabolism in dairy cows. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2001; 280:R418-27. [PMID: 11208570 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.280.2.r418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated how lactating cows are able to cope with a sustained water restriction. In experiment 1, body weight and meal patterns were recorded with ad libitum access to water (baseline) and during 8 days of 25 and 50% restriction of drinking water relative to ad libitum intake. In experiment 2, indirect calorimetry was combined with nitrogen and energy balance and plasma hormone and metabolite measurements to assess the effects of 50% water restriction on digestion and metabolism. In experiment 1, food intake and body weight declined during the first 3 days of water restriction depending on the restriction level and stabilized thereafter at a lower level. The daily food intake reduction with 50% water restriction was entirely due to a reduction of meal size. The size of the first meal on every day was markedly (>50%) reduced with 25 and 50% water restriction. In experiment 2, urea concentrations in milk and blood as well as plasma sodium and hematocrit were increased by 50% water restriction. Energy balance was not affected by 50% water restriction, but nitrogen balance became negative, because, relative to intake, nitrogen excretion via urine and milk was higher. The lower energy intake during 50% water restriction was compensated by a lower milk production, a higher digestibility of organic matter and energy, and, apparently, a more efficient energy use. Through these changes and a preserved water balance, the cows reached a new equilibrium at a lower water turnover level, which enabled them to cope with a sustained drinking water restriction of 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steiger Burgos
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Physiology and Animal Husbandry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Krober TF, Kreuzer M, Senn M, Langhans W, Sutter F. Effects of rumen-protected methionine in a low protein ration on metabolic traits and performance of early lactating cows as opposed to rations with elevated crude protein content. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2000. [DOI: 10.1046/j.0931-2439.2000.00292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Abstract
Three experiments were performed in non-lactating, rumen-fistulated cows to assess the role of rumen fluid hypertonicity in dehydration-induced hypophagia. First, the course of rumen fluid and plasma osmolality before and after an individual test meal was recorded when water was offered ad libitum and on the fifth day of a 65% water restriction period. Then, the effects of intraruminal water infusions on food intake were examined in dehydrated cows. Finally, two doses of the local anesthetic mepivacaine HCl were given into the rumen in an attempt to inactivate the osmosensors potentially involved in dehydration-induced hypophagia. Water restriction reduced test meal size and increased rumen fluid and plasma osmolality. Despite the smaller meal, the prandial increase in rumen fluid osmolality was more pronounced during water restriction than with water ad libitum. Independent of treatment, the test meal had no effect on plasma osmolality. Intraruminal water infusions during water deprivation decreased rumen fluid osmolality below the control level and normalized food intake. Injection of 2 or 4 g mepivacaine/cow into the rumen did not attenuate dehydration-induced hypophagia. All in all, these results suggest that rumen fluid hypertonicity, perhaps in concert with plasma hypertonicity, contributes to the early satiation induced by dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Burgos
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Physiology and Animal Husbandry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH-Zentrum), Universitätstr. 2, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Abstract
The feeding behavior of 11 calves fed milk ad lib was characterized and analyzed at the age of 5 weeks, and the short-term changes in the plasma concentrations of various metabolites (glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, triglycerides, beta-hydroxybutyrate) and insulin in relation to a representative spontaneous milk meal were measured during the following week. In a 6-day period, the calves consumed 287 (=86%) of a total of 335 milk meals during the light phase from 0500-2200 [on average, 4.4 +/- 0.5 (mean +/- SEM) meals]. The meal size and duration during light were 2.0 +/- 0.3 kg and 5.3 +/- 0.3 min, respectively. However, only 0.7 +/- 0.1 milk meals of similar size and duration were consumed during the dark phase. The plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose increased in response to the spontaneous milk meal and remained elevated for at least 2 h after meal end. The plasma concentrations of triglycerides, free fatty acids, and beta-hydroxybutyrate also increased after meal termination, and remained elevated until 40 min (triglycerides, free fatty acids) and 60 min (beta-hydroxybutyrate) after meal end, respectively. The observed spontaneous milk intake patterns were similar to the natural suckling behavior described for calves, suggesting that the conditions of the present experiment did not disrupt the animals' natural feeding behavior. Some of the profound metabolic changes in relation to a spontaneous milk meal might contribute to the control of milk intake in calves, but further experiments are necessary to test this idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Senn
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland.
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18
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Steiger M, Senn M, Altreuther G, Werling D, Sutter F, Kreuzer M, Langhans W. Effect of a prolonged low-dose lipopolysaccharide infusion on feed intake and metabolism in heifers. J Anim Sci 1999; 77:2523-32. [PMID: 10492461 DOI: 10.2527/1999.7792523x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolonged infusions of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are known to model gram-negative bacterial infections, but the basic mechanisms of the LPS effects on feed intake and metabolism and their potential interdependence are largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to distinguish and to better characterize the feeding suppressive and metabolic effects of LPS. Six heifers were infused intravenously for 100 min with either 1) LPS (2 microg/kg BW) with free access to feed, 2) saline with free access to feed, or 3) saline with feeding restricted to the amount of feed consumed after LPS infusion. Feed intake, body temperature, plasma concentrations of various metabolites and hormones, and the respiratory quotient and heat production were measured. The LPS reduced feed intake and induced pronounced changes in metabolic energy turnover and fat and carbohydrate metabolism that were largely independent of the concomitant feed intake reduction. Some of the metabolic changes were biphasic; the first phase resembled a stress response with increases in plasma glucose and cortisol, and the second phase reflected a beginning energy deficit with low plasma glucose and enhanced lipolysis. The coincidence of a short-term surge of plasma insulin with marked transient decreases in plasma FFA, glycerol, and beta-hydroxybutyrate as well as with the transition from hyper- to hypoglycemia indicates that insulin plays a role in some of the metabolic responses to LPS. The failure of LPS to clearly increase energy expenditure despite the increase in body temperature suggests that anaerobic mechanisms of heat production and, perhaps, a reduced peripheral blood flow contributed to the fever. Many of the initial metabolic responses occurred before and, therefore, independent of, an increase in circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Steiger
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Physiology and Animal Husbandry, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Vilnis A, Sussman MD, Thacker BJ, Senn M, Maes RK. Vaccine genotype and route of administration affect pseudorabies field virus latency load after challenge. Vet Microbiol 1998; 62:81-96. [PMID: 9695282 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1135(98)00200-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The influence of vaccine genotype and route of administration on the efficacy of pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccines against virulent PRV challenge was evaluated in a controlled experiment using five genotypically distinct modified live vaccines (MLVs) for PRV. Several of these MLVs share deletions in specific genes, however, each has its deletion in a different locus within that gene. Pigs were vaccinated with each vaccine, either via the intramuscular or intranasal route, and subsequently challenged with a highly virulent PRV field strain. During a 2-week period following challenge with virulent PRV, each of the vaccine strains used in this study was evaluated for its effectiveness in the reduction of clinical signs, prevention of growth retardation and virulent virus shedding. One month after challenge, tissues were collected and analyzed for virulent PRV latency load by a recently developed method for the electrochemiluminescent quantitation of latent herpesvirus DNA in animal tissues after PCR amplification. It was determined that all vaccination protocols provided protection against clinical signs resulting from field virus challenge and reduced both field virus shedding and latency load after field virus challenge. Our results indicated that vaccine efficacy was significantly influenced by the modified live vaccine strain and route of administration. Compared to unvaccinated pigs, vaccination reduced field virus latency load in trigeminal ganglia, but significant differences were found between vaccines and routes of administration. We conclude that vaccine genotype plays a role in the effectiveness of PRV MLVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vilnis
- Department of Microbiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA
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20
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Lutz TA, Senn M, Althaus J, Del Prete E, Ehrensperger F, Scharrer E. Lesion of the area postrema/nucleus of the solitary tract (AP/NTS) attenuates the anorectic effects of amylin and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in rats. Peptides 1998; 19:309-17. [PMID: 9493863 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00292-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The area postrema/nucleus of the solitary tract (AP/NTS) region plays an important role in the control of food intake since it receives peripheral satiety signals via splanchnic and vagal afferents. Due to the lack of the blood brain barrier in this region, blood borne signals can directly be monitored in the AP/NTS. Furthermore, receptors for anorectic peptides such as amylin or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) have been found in the AP/NTS. It was therefore the aim of the present study to investigate the role of the AP/NTS region in mediating the anorectic effects of these peptides. Thermal ablation of the AP/NTS resulted in a significant reduction of the anorectic effects of IP injected amylin (5 microg/kg) and CGRP (5 microg/kg) in food deprived rats. The anorectic actions of CCK and BBS were also reduced by the AP/NTS lesion which agrees with previous studies. We conclude that the AP/NTS region is an important brain site for mediating the anorectic effects of amylin and CGRP. It remains to be clarified whether this effect is due to amylin and CGRP action on receptors within the AP/NTS region or peripheral receptors on afferent nerves projecting to the AP/NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Lutz
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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21
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Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of 48 h of water deprivation on eating behavior of 12 lactating cows fed grass and corn pellets ad lib. Water deprivation reduced grass and corn pellet intake significantly, with corn pellet intake decreasing earlier than grass intake. The reduction of feed intake was entirely due to a reduction of meal size for both grass and corn-pellet meals. The size of the first meal of the water deprivation period was already reduced by about 30%. Grass-meal frequency increased, whereas corn-pellet meal frequency decreased during water deprivation. Water deprivation also decreased live weight and milk yield by about 12 and 30%, respectively. All parameters returned to baseline values with rehydration. With ad lib access to feed and water, 77% of drafts occurred in relation to meals, but the number of meals clearly exceeded the number of drafts. The results demonstrate that water deprivation rapidly leads to premature meal termination. This is in line with the assumption that an enhanced prandial increase in ruminal fluid osmotality contributes to dehydration-induced hypophagia. Yet, further studies are necessary to prove this assumption and to better understand the complex relationships between eating and drinking in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Senn
- Institute for Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH-Zentrum, Zurich, Switzerland
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22
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Abstract
Administration of cyclosporin A (CsA) may induce cholestasis, and this effect has been attributed to impaired hepatocellular uptake, transport, secretion and intestinal absorption of bile acids. Disturbances of the enterohepatic circulation may affect metabolism of bile acids. To test whether liver transplantation and treatment with CsA alters pool sizes or synthesis and turnover rates, we determined kinetics of primary bile acids in patients after orthotopic liver transplantation on CsA. Two male and four female patients were studied 6-20 months after transplantation. They had no overt signs of cholestasis, graft dysfunction or rejection. Kinetics of cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) were simultaneously determined after oral administration of [24-13C]-CA and [24-13C]-CDCA on the basis of isotope dilution in a single pool of bile acids. Ten healthy volunteers served as controls. After orthotopic liver transplantation, pool sizes, fractional turnover rates and synthesis rates of both primary bile acids, CA and CDCA were not significantly different from control subjects. In spite of the known interference of CsA with the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids, in the majority of patients after orthotopic liver transplantation without cholestasis, graft dysfunction of rejection, treatment with CsA does not disturb kinetics of primary bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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23
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Abstract
Feeding behavior of 35 lactating cows of three different breeds (Holstein-Friesian = HF, Simmental = SI, and Jersey = JER) was compared in the present study. The cows were kept in a loose housing system and fed hay, corn silage (CS) and grass silage (GS) ad lib. Within 7 consecutive days, 2918 meals were recorded and analyzed: 2503 meals were eaten during the light phase (0430-2200), and 57% of these diurnal meals consisted of only one feedstuff (43% hay, 9% CS, 5% GS). During the dark phase, only 23% of the 415 meals consisted of hay alone, but 16% of CS and 21% of GS alone. This circadian distribution showed no breed differences, yet meal patterns did: HF and SI cows ate 11 meals per day, and JER cows ate more than 13 meals/day. Meal size was 9.8MJ, 7.9MJ, and 5.8MJ for HF, SI, and JER cows, respectively. HF cows had the highest 24 h energy intake and JER cows the lowest, but the latter spent the most time feeding. During the light phase all three breeds obtained the most energy from hay, followed by CS and GS. In contrast, during the dark phase most energy was derived from GS, and hay contributed the least. A significant premeal correlation was observed for cows of all breeds, in particular during the time with the highest feeding activity (0800-1300). During the dark phase no premeal correlation could be detected; instead a significant postmeal correlation appeared, in particular in HF and SI cows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M Senn
- Institute for Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich
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24
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Abstract
This study addressed the possible role of a learned aversion in the hypophagic effect of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) in the rat. Two repetitive intraperitoneal injections of IL-1 beta (2 micrograms/kg body weight = b.wt.) progressively reduced intake of a novel-tasting saccharin diet (SD) presented immediately after injection. When SD and the familiar diet were offered some days after an injection, SD selection was in some but not all trials reduced by IL-1 beta pretreatment. When SD was offered alone several days after an injection, SD intake was not affected by the initial pairing of SD presentation with IL-1 beta injection. In further experiments, the novelty of a flavor added to the diet fed immediately after injection proved to be crucial for the aversive effect of IL-1 beta, and enhanced its hypophagic effect. Finally, lesion of the area postrema and the adjacent nucleus of the solitary tract failed to affect the hypophagia induced by IL-1 beta (1 microgram/kg b.wt.). The results indicate that, under certain conditions, IL-1 beta can induce an aversion to the taste and flavor of the food consumed after injection. This aversive effect of IL-1 beta appears to be rather weak and is presumably not involved in the hypophagic effect of IL-1 beta under normal feeding conditions. It may however enhance IL-1 beta's hypophagic effect under certain conditions, for instance after repeated injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bauer
- Institute for Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich
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25
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Abstract
The present study compared the effects of vasopressin on plasma concentrations of corticotropin, cortisol and glucose in cattle and sheep. After intravenous injection of 1, 0.1 and 0.01 microgram vasopressin per kg body weight, the plasma vasopressin concentration increased proportionally to the injected dose, and this increase was similar in cattle and sheep. Doses of 1 and 0.1 microgram per kg body weight of vasopressin triggered significant responses of corticotropin, cortisol and glucose in cattle and sheep. The corticotropin response to both doses was significantly greater in sheep, whereas the glucose response was greater in cattle. The cortisol response did not differ between species. The lowest dose of vasopressin (0.01 microgram per kg body weight) still induced a significant cortisol response without a substantial effect on plasma corticotropin, suggesting that a direct action of vasopressin on the adrenals may contribute to the observed cortisol response. The results demonstrate that vasopressin increases plasma levels of corticotropin, cortisol and glucose in cattle, as it does in sheep, but the intensities of the corticotropin and glucose responses to vasopressin differ between cattle and sheep. The reasons for these differences remain to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Senn
- Institute for Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich
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26
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Abstract
An organism persists through the activity of structural genes, which is co-ordinated by clusters of coupled regulatory genes. During evolution, changes of coupling within a cluster can increase the reliability with which its structural genes perform a task. To study the evolution of coupling, we have simulated and analyzed a stochastic model for a simple problem. The assumptions of the model are these: A network of regulatory genes co-ordinates the synthesis of four structural proteins, which associate in distinct heterodimers that form a heterotetramer. Mutation in cis-regulatory regions produces transitions among 64 types of network. In a population, each network reproduces in proportion to its fitness, which depends on its probability (reliability) of synthesizing the tetramer. Fitness-dependent attrition keeps the size of the population constant. Regulatory genes occur in a sequence of levels; each level is associated with a different family of transcription factors. The following results emerge: Because different messengers within a family can give networks with the same connectivity, the 64 types of networks cluster into eight equivalence classes. During evolution with a low mutation rate, high-fitness classes can be approached through various paths on a fitness landscape. With a higher mutation rate, networks remain more uniformly distributed among the 64 types, and lower-fitness networks remain preponderant. An initially homogeneous population becomes more heterogeneous through mutation, but selection according to fitness later reduces its diversity. During this process the dispersion of the population over the possible networks increases, then decreases as the population approaches a unique steady state.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Clarke
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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27
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Abstract
The present study addressed the possible role of a conditioned taste aversion in the anorectic effect of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the rat. Pairing an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of LPS (100 micrograms/kg b.wt.) with the subsequent presentation of a familiar diet (FD) or of a novel-tasting saccharin diet (SD) for several hours did not affect FD or SD intake when the same diet was offered several days later after 12 h of food deprivation. However, food intake during the second presentation of SD was reduced when food was not withheld prior to the test. In a similarly designed experiment, the antipyretic and antiinflammatory drug indomethacin (5 mg/kg b.wt., IP) attenuated the anorectic effect of LPS during the initial pairing, but did not affect the inhibition of SD intake in LPS-pretreated rats during the second feeding test. The antiemetic trimethobenzamide (5 mg/kg b.wt., IP) failed to influence the anorectic effect of LPS. Lesion of the area postrema (AP) and the adjacent nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) was found to enhance the anorectic effect of LPS, but the development of tolerance to this effect remained unchanged in AP/NST-lesioned animals. In spite of the ability of LPS to induce a taste aversion that inhibits feeding under certain conditions (novel-tasting diet, no food deprivation prior to the feeding test), the findings indicate that a learned taste aversion is not the only contributor to the anorectic effect of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Weingarten
- Institute for Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich
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Abstract
Eating behavior of lactating cows of three breeds (Holstein-Friesian = HF, Simmental = SI, and Jersey = JER) was compared in the present study. The cows were kept in a loose housing system and fed grass and hay ad lib along with concentrates. Within 11 days, 1396, 1504, and 1682 grass meals were recorded and analyzed for HF, SI, and JER cows, respectively. In cows of all three breeds, 89% of the grass meals (= 94% of the total grass intake) occurred during the light phase (0400-2200) and peaks of grass intake with large meals were always observed shortly after refilling the troughs. A similar diurnal distribution was evident for concentrate intake, but was less pronounced (28% eaten during the dark phase), and peaks of concentrate intake occurred also in the evening and after midnight. Hay intake was negligible and was not considered for meal pattern analysis. JER cows ate generally less than HF or SI cows, but spent more time eating. Grass meal frequency was higher, but grass meal size and mean eating rate within grass meals was smaller for JER cows than for HF and SI cows. Significant correlations between the size of grass meals and the duration of either the interval preceding or following that same meal were observed only for some animals (in particular JER and SI cows) during the main eating period in the morning (0800-1300), but barely in the afternoon (1300-1700). Thus, the short-term physiological control of meal-taking in dairy cows kept under normal farming conditions seems to be markedly influenced by external factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- B Dürst
- Institute for Animal Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich
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29
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Rudolph G, Endele R, Senn M, Stiehl A. Effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the kinetics of cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Hepatology 1993. [PMID: 8514251 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840170614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of patients with cholestatic liver diseases with ursodeoxycholic acid has been shown to have beneficial effects that may be related to a shift in the balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic bile acids in favor of hydrophilic bile acids. During treatment of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis with ursodeoxycholic acid, plasma concentrations of some endogenous bile acids decrease. To test whether the changes in plasma bile acids are due to decreases of their pool sizes or synthesis rates, we determined bile acid kinetics of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid in six patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, of whom four also had ulcerative colitis. All patients were studied before and 3 mo after the start of ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Six healthy subjects served as controls. In patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, pool sizes of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid were considerably smaller than those in healthy controls; after ursodeoxycholic acid treatment they were unchanged. Fractional turnover and synthesis of cholic acid increased significantly after ursodeoxycholic acid administration. Fractional turnover of chenodeoxycholic acid also increased significantly, whereas synthesis of this bile acid was unchanged. Our data indicate that in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis, pool sizes of bile acids are reduced. The decrease of levels of endogenous bile acids in plasma under ursodeoxycholic acid treatment despite unchanged bile acid pool sizes indicates redistribution of the bile acids into the enterohepatic circulation, probably because of improved hepatic clearance after ursodeoxycholic acid treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Rudolph
- Department of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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30
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Perret BA, Senn M, Affentranger P, Poorbeik M, Burckhardt JJ, Morell A. [Seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus in hemophiliacs in Switzerland]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1993; 123:79-81. [PMID: 7678942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The sera of patients with hemophilia and von Willebrand factor deficiency, collected during clinical trials with virus-inactivated coagulation factor preparations, were retrospectively screened for the presence of antibodies against hepatitis C virus (HCV). Using the anti-HCV c100-3 assay, 10 out of 35 study patients had no HCV antibodies when entering the studies. The samples originally negative for anti-HCV were retested with a second-generation assay: all negative samples except two were positive on retesting. We conclude that the HCV seroprevalence in Swiss hemophiliacs must be of the order of > 90%. These results confirm that the first-generation assay for HCV antibodies is not sensitive enough; to obtain more accurate information on the seroprevalence of hemophiliacs, second-generation tests should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Perret
- ZLB Zentrallaboratorium Blutspendedienst SRK, Bern
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31
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Langhans W, Weingarten S, Harlacher R, Senn M. Anorexia, during infection—a learned taste aversion? Appetite 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0195-6663(92)90094-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Raedsch R, Stiehl A, Walker S, Theilmann L, Kommerell B, Waldherr R, Senn M. Biliary excretion of iron in healthy man and in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. Clin Chim Acta 1990; 193:49-54. [PMID: 2073745 DOI: 10.1016/0009-8981(90)90006-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We measured the biliary excretion of iron in 11 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver and in 10 healthy controls using an intestinal perfusion technique. In the patients with cirrhosis increased amounts of iron in liver tissue were present. The concentrations of iron in the bile samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The biliary excretion of iron in the healthy controls was 0.32 +/- 0.09 mumol/h and in the patients with cirrhosis it was 0.45 +/- 0.14 mumol/h. The biliary excretion of iron in the patients with cirrhosis was not reduced, indicating that other mechanisms than a reduced biliary excretion of iron must be responsible for the accumulation of iron in liver tissue in alcoholic cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raedsch
- Department of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, FRG
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Abstract
The meal patterns of pygmy goats fed hay and pelleted concentrate ad lib were recorded and analyzed. The pygmy goats consumed 8 hay meals [6 during the light phase (= light)/2 during the dark phase (= dark)] and 10 concentrate meals (7 during light/3 during dark) during 24 hr (12 hr light/12 hr dark). Sixty-two percent of hay and 74% of concentrate intake occurred during light. Total 24-hr hay (280 g) and concentrate (264 g) intakes were similar, but concentrate was preferred during dark. Concentrate meals were smaller during light than during dark. The mean feeding rate (g/min) within meals for both hay and concentrate was higher during dark than during light. Meal size and duration of postmeal interval were positively correlated for concentrate but not for hay. No significant positive correlation was found between meal size and duration of premeal interval. Separate analysis of diurnal and nocturnal meals indicated that the postmeal correlation for concentrate was evident primarily during dark. The results demonstrate that food intake in pygmy goats shows distinct diurnal variations and suggest that food intake in ruminants is regulated from meal to meal, with different factors prevailing during light and dark.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Senn
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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34
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Senn M, Goebel N, Gerber H. [Synovial cyst of the intervertebral joint as cause of a lumboradicular syndrome]. Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax 1990; 79:284-6. [PMID: 2138353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Synovial cysts of various joints and tendon sheaths (knee, elbow, hip, proximal interphalangeal joints are well known. Cysts arising from the zygapophyseal joints however are rare, but not unknown. 3 patients with lumbosciatic pain, due to nerve root compression by a synovial cyst of the zygapophyseal joints are described. The age ranged from 54 to 77 years. There are 2 men and 1 woman. The symptoms and signs involved the fourth (1 patient) and fifth (1 patient) lumbal nerve root and the first sacral nerve root (1 patient). X-rays showed degenerative changes of the facet joints in 2 cases and spondylolisthesis in 1 case. Myelography revealed compression of the fifth lumbar and the first sacral nerve root, but did not allow to make the exact diagnoses. CT scans however made the diagnoses possible in all 3 cases. Treatment was surgical excision of the cyst in 2 cases, 1 patient showed pain relief after steroid-infiltration in the affected facet joint.
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35
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Langhans W, Senn M, Meyer AH, Scharrer E. Feeding Behavior of Pygmy Goats during Water Deprivation. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.1989.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Stiehl A, Raedsch R, Rudolph G, Gundert-Remy U, Senn M. Biliary and urinary excretion of sulfated, glucuronidated and tetrahydroxylated bile acids in cirrhotic patients. Hepatology 1985; 5:492-5. [PMID: 3997078 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840050325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In patients with hepatobiliary diseases, considerable amounts of sulfated and glucuronidated bile acids are excreted in urine. Information on the biliary excretion of these compounds is lacking. We used an intestinal perfusion method to determine the biliary excretion of sulfated and glucuronidated bile acids in eight patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and moderately severe cholestasis and compared results with urinary excretion rates. In bile, the patients excreted 508.7 mumoles per hr (mean) nonsulfated, nonglucuronidated bile acids, 8.1 mumoles per hr sulfated bile acids and 4.0 mumoles per hr glucuronidated bile acids. In urine, these patients excreted 0.27 mumoles per hr nonsulfated, nonglucuronidated bile acids, 0.88 mumoles per hr sulfated bile acids and 0.02 mumoles per hr glucuronidated bile acids. Sulfates and glucuronides of mono-, di- and trihydroxy bile acids were detected in urine and bile. In urine, tetrahydroxy bile acids were only excreted as nonsulfated and nonglucuronidated forms. The bile:urine excretion ratio of sulfated bile acids was 9:1 and of glucuronidated bile acids was 226:1. In alcoholic cirrhosis with cholestasis, biliary excretion is an important excretory route of sulfated and glucuronidated bile acids.
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38
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Senn M, Hess OM, Krayenbühl HP. [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and lentiginosis]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1984; 114:838-41. [PMID: 6539946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A 21-year-old female patient with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and lentiginosis is described. This entity is known to belong to the LEOPARD syndrome (L-entigines, E-electrocardiographic conduction defects, O-cular hypertelorism, P-ulmonary stenosis, A-bnormalities of genitalia, R-etardation of growth, sensorial D-eafness). The patient underwent surgery for severe obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract; the postoperative follow-up was uneventful.
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Abstract
Nineteen symptomatic patients with left bundle branch block (LBBB) were examined by thallium-201 (TI-201) exercise scintigraphy and selective coronary arteriography. All elicited significant anteroseptal perfusion defects in the exercise scintigrams, but in only 4 was coronary artery disease (CAD) involving the left anterior descending coronary artery present. To further elucidate the effect of LBBB on septal TI-201 uptake in the absence of CAD, TI-201 scintigrams combined with regional myocardial blood flow measurements using radioactive microspheres were carried out in 7 dogs during right atrial and right ventricular pacing (LBBB in the ECG) at similar heart rates. During right atrial pacing, TI-201 uptake was homogeneous in the entire left ventricle, as were tissue flows. During right ventricular pacing, TI-201 activity was reduced to 69% of maximal TI-201 activity within the septum, whereas it averaged 90% in the lateral wall (p less than 0.05) in 6 dogs. Correspondingly, regional myocardial blood flow was lower within the septum as compared with that in the lateral wall, averaging 89 and 120 ml/min/100 g, respectively (p less than 0.005). In 1 dog, normal TI-201 distribution and tissue flows were found in both studies. Thus, symptomatic patients with LBBB may elicit abnormal TI-201 exercise scintigrams, suggesting anteroseptal ischemia despite normal coronary arteries. The electrical induction of LBBB in dogs results, in most instances, in a comparable reduction in septal TI-201 uptake associated with diminished septal blood flow. Therefore, exercise-induced septal perfusion defects in the presence of LBBB do not necessarily indicate CAD even in symptomatic patients, but may reflect functional ischemia due to asynchronous septal contraction.
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Senn M, Hess OM, Krayenbühl HP. [Nifedipine in the treatment of hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1982; 112:1312-7. [PMID: 6215710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The left ventricle of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is typically asymmetrically hypertrophied and noncompliant. The stiff, hypertrophied left ventricle plays a key role in the pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with and without an outflow tract gradient. In 11 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without a resting outflow gradient, we assessed the effects of nifedipine (10 mg orally) on echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular (LV) relaxation and diastolic filling. Control and one hour post nifedipine M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms were performed and the following LV parameters were measured: end-diastolic dimension, systolic shortening, isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT, time from aortic component of the second heart sound to mitral valve opening; msec), maximal fiber lengthening velocity (-VCF; circ/sec), and the percent diameter increase during the rapid filling phase (%DRF; %). Cuff systolic blood pressure fell after nifedipine from 153 to 136 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) as did diastolic pressure from 97 to 85 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). Heart rate was insignificantly increased (72 to 75/min) while end-diastolic dimension and systolic shortening were unaltered. IVRT decreased from 99 to 82 msec (p less than 0.01) and both -VCF (-4.0 to -5.0 circ/sec, p less than 0.01) and % DRF (76 to 81%, p less than 0.05) increased, suggesting more rapid relaxation and augmented filling. Thus, nifedipine improves diastolic filling dynamics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and therefore appears to be useful for treatment of the nonobstructive form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Endele R, Senn M, Abshagen U. Determination of deacetylmetipranolol in body fluids by gas chromatography--chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr 1982; 227:187-92. [PMID: 6120177 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)80370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Abstract
Lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid but not cholic acid or the glycine or taurine conjugates of these bile acids are glucuronidated by agarose-bound UDPglucuronyltransferase from rt liver in the presence of UDPglucuronic acid. The identification of bile acid glucuronides is based on the specific enzymatic hydrolysis, incorporation of 14C-labeled glucuronic acid into the molecule and by mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry indicates that bile acid glucuronides formed by agarose-bound UDPglucuronyltransferase are 3-glucuronides. The glucuronidation of lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid is linear up to 45 min and at a protein concentration between 0.5 and 2.0 mg per assay. The pH optimum of the enzyme reaction is 7.0. The Km for lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid, which are 0.040, 0.031 and 0.037 mM, respectively, are similar to those found in microsomal preparations. The use of agarose-bound UDP-glucuronyltransferase offers the possibility to synthesize bile acid glucuronides which are needed for kinetic studies in man and animal.
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Stiehl A, Becker M, Czygan P, Fröhling W, Kommerell B, Rotthauwe HW, Senn M. Bile acids and their sulphated and glucuronidated derivatives in bile, plasma, and urine of children with intrahepatic cholestasis: effects of phenobarbital treatment. Eur J Clin Invest 1980; 10:307-16. [PMID: 6775958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.1980.tb00038.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abshagen U, Bablok W, Koch K, Lang PD, Schmidt HA, Senn M, Stork H. Disposition pharmacokinetics of bezafibrate in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1979; 16:31-8. [PMID: 499297 DOI: 10.1007/bf00644963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
In the urine of normal subjects who were given an oral dose of 500 mg spironolactone (3-(3-oxo-7alpha-acetylthio-17beta-hydroxy-4-androsten-17alpha-yl)-propionic acid gamma-lactone; Aldactone) together with 100uCi H-20, 21 spironolactone, a so far unknown major metabolite has been detected by thin layer chromatography. The metabolite then could be isolated by means of counter-current-distribution. According to masspectral and magnetic resonance data, the metabolite has been assigned the structure of 3-(3-oxo-7alpha-methyl sulfonyl-6beta, 17beta-dihydroxy-4-androsten-17alpha-yl)-propionic acid gamma-lactone. By oxidation of the corresponding methylsulfinyl compound - another already known metabolite of spironolactone - with m-chloroperbenzoic acid, a compound has been isolated which proved to be identical with the new metabolite according to TLC, MS and NMR.
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46
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Ziegenhorn J, Senn M, Bücher T. Molar absorptivities of beta-NADH and beta-NADPH. Clin Chem 1976; 22:151-60. [PMID: 2389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Re-investigating the accuracy of the commonly used values for molar absorptivities (epsilon) of beta-NADH and beta-NADPH at Hg 334, Hg 365, or 340 nm, we obtained the following results: The maximum of absorbance of NADH is shifted from about 340 nm at 0 degrees C to about 338.5 nm at 38 degrees C; the corresponding maxima of NADPH are located at about 0.5-nm longer wavelengths. In addition, the absorption curves of both coenzymes broaden with increasing temperature. For these reasons, the epsilon-values of NADH and NADPH are generally different from each other, and are temperature-dependent. Only at 334 nm are they almost identical and nearly independent of temperature. Therefore this wavelength is recommended for precise measurements. The epsilon-values of these coenzymes are influenced by ionic strength and pH. To determine the absolute values of the molar absorptivities, we performed the glutamate dehydrogenase or lactate dehydrogenase assay with carefully purified 2-oxoglutaric acid or pyruvic acid in the presence of excess coenzyme. The purity of the substrates was checked through differential scanning calorimetry, moisture analysis, gas-liquid chromatography, gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The epsilon-values observed under the various conditions are about 1-7% higher than those currently used.
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Abstract
Abstract
Re-investigating the accuracy of the commonly used values for molar absorptivities (epsilon) of beta-NADH and beta-NADPH at Hg 334, Hg 365, or 340 nm, we obtained the following results: The maximum of absorbance of NADH is shifted from about 340 nm at 0 degrees C to about 338.5 nm at 38 degrees C; the corresponding maxima of NADPH are located at about 0.5-nm longer wavelengths. In addition, the absorption curves of both coenzymes broaden with increasing temperature. For these reasons, the epsilon-values of NADH and NADPH are generally different from each other, and are temperature-dependent. Only at 334 nm are they almost identical and nearly independent of temperature. Therefore this wavelength is recommended for precise measurements. The epsilon-values of these coenzymes are influenced by ionic strength and pH. To determine the absolute values of the molar absorptivities, we performed the glutamate dehydrogenase or lactate dehydrogenase assay with carefully purified 2-oxoglutaric acid or pyruvic acid in the presence of excess coenzyme. The purity of the substrates was checked through differential scanning calorimetry, moisture analysis, gas-liquid chromatography, gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The epsilon-values observed under the various conditions are about 1-7% higher than those currently used.
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48
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49
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50
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Mester L, Schimpl A, Senn M. Identification by mass spectrometry of N-beta-aspartyl-and N-gamma-glutamyl-2-deoxy-2-acetamido-beta-D-glucosyl amine derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 1967; 18:1697-703. [PMID: 6045959 DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)90703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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